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CERN introduction CERN is an innovation hub: knowledge sharing for the benefits of society

Frédérick Bordry CERN Director for Accelerators and Technology

Accelerating Science and Innovation The Mission of CERN

 Push back the frontiers of knowledge E.g. the secrets of the Big Bang …what was the matter like within the first moments of the Universe’s existence?

 Develop new technologies for accelerators and detectors Information technology - the Web and the GRID Medicine - diagnosis and therapy

 Train scientists and engineers of tomorrow

 Unite people from different countries and cultures CERN: founded in 1954: 12 European States Science for Peace and Development Today: 23 Member States

~ 2600 staff ~ 1800 other paid personnel ~ 14000 scientific users Budget (2019) ~ 1200 MCHF

Member States: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Slovak Republic, , , and Associate Members in the Pre-Stage to Membership: , Associate Member States: , , , , Applications for Membership or Associate Membership: Brazil, , Observers to Council: Japan, Russia, United States of America; European Union, JINR and UNESCO 3 Science is getting more and more global Our Scientific Challenge: to understand the very first moments of our Universe after the Big Bang

Big Bang

13.8 Billion Years Today 1028 cm

To look at small objects , you have to build big!

Accelerator: Super-Microscope is international By nature: By necessity: science has no borders pooling resources to afford large instruments

Hubble ALMA

AMS VLT FourLHC: experimentsan accelerator : theof 27 coopetition km

LHCb : ALICE Collaboration : 18 Countries, > 80 Institutes 35 Countries, > 150 Institutes and over 850 members and over 1500 members

CMS Collaboration : ATLAS Collaboration :  40 Countries, > 200 Institutes  40 Countries, > 180 Institutes and over 4000 members and over 3000 members From individual theoretical physicist idea…. …to collective innovation !

To design and construct this many thousands of technicians, engineers and physicists from many different disciplines, from all over the world, from different cultures,

had to develop new technologies, had to develop new engineering concepts,

had to work together over decades in full wide1964-open way, with mutual trust Discoveryand respect2012, 2013 1964-2012 LHC (Large Hadron )

1983 First studies for the LHC project 1988 First magnet model (feasibility) 1994 Approval of the LHC by the CERN Council 1996-1999 Series production industrialisation 1998 Declaration of Public Utility & Start of civil engineering ~ 25 years 1998-2000 Placement of the main production contracts 2004 Start of the LHC installation 2005-2007 Magnets Installation in the tunnel 2006-2008 Hardware commissioning 2008-2009 Beam commissioning

2010-2037… Physics exploitation 2010 – 2012 Run 1 ;7 and 8 TeV 2015 – 2018 Run 2 ; 13 TeV 2021 – 2023 Run 3 (14 TeV) ~ 30 years 2024 – 2025 HL-LHC installation 2026 – 2037… HL-LHC operation A 27 km circumference collider…

CERN introduction - An innovation hub: knowledge sharing for the benefits of society Frédérick Bordry 11 Sharing Knowledge Conference, CERN, June 2019 The DARK Universe

Only 4% 96% is ordinary (visible) matter - 73% Dark Energy - 23% Dark Matter

DARK …. MATTERS !

What is the cause of the Universe’s accelerated expansion (today: dark energy ? primordial: inflation ?) Why is there so little in the universe ? What is the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe ? What is the origin of masses and oscillations ? How many dimensions are there in our universe?Why is Gravity so weak ? Are there other forces in addition to the known four ? … 12 Post LHC accelerator studies (CLIC)

Linear e+e- collider √s up to 3 TeV

100 MV/m accelerating gradient needed for compact (~50 km) machine  based on normal-conducting accelerating structures and a two-beam acceleration scheme

Future Circular Collider (FCC)

hh-collider (FCC-hh) 80-100 km tunnel infrastructure in area, ~16 T  100 TeV pp in 100 km - e+e- collider (FCC-ee) as potential 1st step

- HE-LHC in the present LHC tunnel with FCC-hh technology CERN: and Innovation

 Interfacing between fundamental science and key technological developments

 CERN Technologies and Innovation

Accelerating particle Detecting particles Large-scale beams computing (Grid) cern.ch/knowledgetransfer

open dissemination quality of life

health CERN innovation impact energy

protected education dissemination CERN’s Knowledge Transfer Goals

The goal is to maximise the positive impact of CERN innovations on society, Knowledge with the help of our partners, through both open and protected dissemination. Transfer Applied research on candles produces better candles

…but no light bulb …and LED

“There is no applied science if there is no science to apply” Bernardo Houssay, Nobel Laureate in Medicine (1947). CERN a visit point of the region: 135,000 visitors in 2018 (more than 330'000 requests per year)

120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

https://voisins.web.cern.ch/ The Science Gateway project A new facility for education and outreach, located near the Globe. Activities will target the general public of all ages (starting at ~5). It will be an integral part of CERN’s site and a component of the visit circuit. It will include a ~ 1000-seater Auditorium. It will be built entirely with external donations.

Total building footprint: 7000 m2

“Light” architecture; “floating” above the trees.

Auditorium: divisible, multi-functional, easily re-configurable

18 CERN: Research, innovate, discover, share, publish, transfer,…

… and bring the world together

A mix of all cultures and nationalities a taste of a world society in the future ? CERN: Where the WEB was born !

13th September 2011 More info: www.cern.ch "If you think education is expensive, try ignorance " Derek Bok "The task of the mind is to produce future" Paul Valéry

Thanks for your

attention

Accelerating Science and Innovation Roundtable (14h40 – 16h00) - Introduction to CERN Knowledge transfer, Giovanni Anelli, CERN - Affordable medical linear accelerators for challenging environments, Charlotte Jamieson, STFC - Superconducting cables for Energy Transportation, Amalia Ballarino, CERN - CERN@School project (Medipix based), Becky Parker, Institute for Research in Schools - UNOSAT: 15 years of humanitarian mapping, Einar Bjorgo, UNITAR CERN Guided Tour (16h30 – 18h45) IdeaSquare LHC Large Magnet Facility ALICE Experiment

CERN introduction - An innovation hub: knowledge sharing for the benefits of society Frédérick Bordry 22 Sharing Knowledge Conference, CERN, June 2019