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TRANS-URBAN-EU-CHINA Deliverable D1.1 ______1 INTRODUCTION TRANS-URBAN-EU-CHINA Transition towards urban sustainability through socially integrative cities in the EU and in China Deliverable D1.1 Report, including good practice examples in Europe and China, derived from the knowledge base WP 1 Community building and place-making in neighbourhoods This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No. 770141. The material reflects only the authors' views and the European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. I Deliverable type: Report WP number and title: WP 1: Community building and place-making in neighbourhoods Dissemination level: Public Due date: Month 12 – 31 December 2018 Lead beneficiary: POLITO - UNIMC Lead author(s): Alberto Bologna, Michele Bonino, Simone Devoti, Francesca Frassoldati, Francesca Governa, Elena Pressacco, Maria Paola Repellino, Angelo Sampieri, Marco Trisciuoglio, Zhang Yangyang (POLITO) Fabrizio d’Aniello, Pamela Lattanzi, Elisabetta Patrizi, Stefano Polenta (UNIMC) Chen Yulin, Liu Jian, Liu Jiayan, Hamama Badiaa (TSHA) Casper Boks, Marius Korsnes, Ida Nilstad Pettersen, Lisbet Sauarlia, Wang Yu (NTNU) Guangxi He, Xu Zhuqing (CASTED) Liu Chang, Hou Yuting, Feng Yuqiao (CAUPD) Reviewers: Andrea Ricci (ISINNOVA) Jianming Cai (CAS) II CONTENT List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ V List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. 1 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 5 2 METHODOLOGICAL INTRODUCTION. WORDS, PLACES, TOOLS ............................................... 6 3 WORDS .............................................................................................................................. 15 3.1 Community building through public engagement ........................................................................ 15 3.1.1 EVOLUTION OF SENSE OF COMMUNITY IN HISTORY ................................................ 15 3.1.2 ACTUAL ORGANIZATIONS (STAKEHOLDERS) INFLUENCING COMMUNITY BUILDING ......................................................................................................................................... 19 3.1.3 SCIENTIFIC METHODS/APPROACHES .......................................................................... 30 3.2 More inclusive cities through education and digital innovation .................................................. 34 3.2.1 TOWARDS ALL THE STAGES OF LIFE ............................................................................ 34 3.2.2 TOWARDS AGING PEOPLE ............................................................................................ 36 3.2.3 TOWARDS CHILDREN .................................................................................................... 40 3.3 Socio-economic values through heritage preservation ................................................................ 46 3.3.1 LOCAL AND NATIONAL UNDERSTANDING OF HERITAGE .......................................... 46 3.3.2 LINKS BETWEEN HERITAGE PROTECTION AND NEIGHBOURHOOD REGENERATION . ......................................................................................................................................... 48 3.3.3 HERITAGE CONSERVATION VS. DEVELOPMENT ......................................................... 50 3.3.4 POLICIES AND PLANNING PROCESSES ......................................................................... 52 3.4 Place-making and design of public spaces .................................................................................... 55 3.4.1 RESIDENTIAL PLANNING (HIERARCHICAL SYSTEM) ................................................... 55 3.4.2 STREETSCAPE ................................................................................................................. 58 3.4.3 SELF-CONTAINED FACILITIES BASED ON RESIDENT QUOTA AND SERVICE RADIUS .. ......................................................................................................................................... 60 3.4.4 URBAN AGRICULTURE ................................................................................................... 62 3.4.5 GATED COMMUNITY ..................................................................................................... 64 3.4.6 CO-DESIGN ..................................................................................................................... 66 4 PLACES ............................................................................................................................... 69 4.1 Community building through public engagement ........................................................................ 69 4.1.1 GOVERNMENT-PROFESSIONAL INITIATIVE ................................................................ 69 4.1.2 ENTERPRISE-PROFESSIONAL INITIATIVE ..................................................................... 71 III 4.1.3 GOVERNMENT INITIATIVE ............................................................................................ 73 4.1.4 PROFESSIONAL INITIATIVE ........................................................................................... 75 4.1.5 COMMUNITY OF RESIDENTS IN COOPERATION WITH MUNICIPALITY .................... 76 4.1.6 ONLINE SOCIAL PARTICIPATORY NETWORK ............................................................... 79 4.1.7 CITIZEN DRIVEN TRANSITION TOWNS ........................................................................ 81 4.2 More inclusive cities through education and digital innovation .................................................. 83 4.2.1 CLOSE THE S&T GAP BETWEEN RURAL AREAS AND CITIES ....................................... 83 4.2.2 POPULARIZATION OF SCIENCE INTO RURAL SCHOOL ............................................... 86 4.2.3 EFFECTION OF THE EDUCATION MUSEUM IN RURAL AREA (CURIOSITY AND IMAGINATION OF KIDS) ............................................................................................................. 90 4.3 Socio-economic values through heritage preservation ................................................................ 96 4.3.1 NEIGHBOURHOOD AS CULTURAL HERITAGE .............................................................. 96 4.3.2 NEIGHBOURHOODS, MONUMENTS AND BUFFER ZONES ......................................... 99 4.3.3 HISTORIC DISTRICT AND GENTRIFICATION ............................................................... 102 4.4 Place-making and design of public spaces .................................................................................. 105 4.4.1 STREET / PEDESTRIAN AREA / MARKET .................................................................... 105 4.4.2 CULTURAL ROLE IN COMMUNITY TRANSFORMATION ........................................... 110 4.4.3 WORKER HOUSING ...................................................................................................... 115 4.4.4 RENOVATED TRADITIONAL COMMUNITY ................................................................. 120 5 ELEMENTS OF KNOWLEDGE DERIVED FROM THE RESEARCH ACTIVITY ............................... 127 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 135 IV List of Tables Table 1 List of analyzed words: ............................................................................................................... 9 Table 2 List of analysed places: ............................................................................................................. 10 Table 3 Comparison of residents’ committee & villagers’ committee ................................................. 24 Table 4 Occurrence of responsibilities among velforeninger for a variety of public spaces. ............... 26 Table 5 The hierarchical subdivision of the residential areas and the relative households and residents number .................................................................................................................................................. 57 Table 6 Number of households and residents for the different residential levels. Comparison of the code for urban planning and design GB50180 – 1993 and the revised version of 2002 ...................... 60 Table 7 The hierarchical allocation of the compulsory and selective public service facilities in residential areas .................................................................................................................................... 61 V List of Figures Figure 1 Socially Integrative City - Methodological scheme ................................................................... 7 Figure 2 Transition process - Methodological scheme ........................................................................... 8 Figure 3 Administrative hierarchy in China for understanding the Words ........................................... 15 Figure 4 Public space in commodity housing community (left) and work-unit community (right), Qinghe Sub-district, Haidian District, Beijing .................................................................................................... 20 Figure 5 Example of dugnad in Helsinki, Finland:
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