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USTEKINUMAB and BRIAKINUMAB (ABT-874) TARGET P40, the SUBUNIT SHARED by IL-23 and IL-12

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USTEKINUMAB and BRIAKINUMAB (ABT-874) TARGET P40, the SUBUNIT SHARED by IL-23 and IL-12 USTEKINUMABUSTEKINUMAB aanndd BRIAKINUMABBRIAKINUMAB Andrew Blauvelt, M.D. Professor, Dept. of Dermatology and Dept. of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology Oregon Health & Science University Chief, Dermatology Service Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center Portland, Oregon CONFLICTSCONFLICTS OFOF INTERESTINTEREST • Centocor: scientific advisor, principal investigator for clinical studies, received lab research funds • Abbott: scientific advisor, principal investigator for clinical studies • Lilly: principal investigator for clinical studies PROMINENT T CELL INFILTRATION ADJACENT TO HYPERPROLIFERATIVE KERATINOCYTES IN PSORIASIS REF: Jim Krueger, Rockefeller Univ. DC ACTIVATION ⇒ TC ACTIVATION ⇒ KC ACTIVATION IL-12 ⇑Antimicrobial pep- Mature Naïve IFN-γ tides (LL-37, HBD-2) DC TC Th1 KC DC TNF-α ⇑Proinflammatory T-bet cytokines (TNF-α) IL-12 Immature DC IL-23 ⇑Antimicrobial pep- IL-17A tides (LL-37, HBD-2) ⇑Proinflammatory Mature Naïve IL-17F IL-17F cytokines (TNF- ) DC TC Th17 KC α IL-22 ⇑CCL20 (CCR6 ligand) CCR6+ TNF-α ⇑Proliferation IL-1β RORγt + IL-6/IL-23 Positive feedback loops Triggers in genetically Activation/proliferation of TC predisposed persons Activation of TNF-α+ dermal DC - Trauma (“inflammatory DC”) - Candida albicans Recruitment of CCR6+ Th17 cells via CCL20 Recruitment of CCR6+ blood DC via CCL20 - Streptococcus Recruitment of CCR6+ blood DC via CCL20 DC ACTIVATION ⇒ TC ACTIVATION ⇒ KC ACTIVATION IL-12 ⇑Antimicrobial pep- Mature Naïve IFN-γ tides (LL-37, HBD-2) DC TC Th1 KC DC TNF-α ⇑Proinflammatory T-bet cytokines (TNF-α) IL-12 Immature DC IL-23 ⇑Antimicrobial pep- IL-17A tides (LL-37, HBD-2) ⇑Proinflammatory Mature Naïve IL-17F IL-17F cytokines (TNF- ) DC TC Th17 KC α IL-22 ⇑CCL20 (CCR6 ligand) CCR6+ TNF-α ⇑Proliferation IL-1β RORγt + IL-6/IL-23 Positive feedback loops Triggers in genetically Activation/proliferation of TC predisposed persons Activation of TNF-α+ dermal DC - Trauma (“inflammatory DC”) - Candida albicans Recruitment of CCR6+ Th17 cells via CCL20 Recruitment of CCR6+ blood DC via CCL20 - Streptococcus Recruitment of CCR6+ blood DC via CCL20 IL-23 AND IL-12 SHARE THE p40 SUBUNIT, YET EACH HAVE THEIR OWN UNIQUE SUBUNIT POLYMORPHISMS IN p19, p40, AND IL-23R LINKED TO PROTECTION OF AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PSORIASIS REF: Nair et al, Nat Genet, 2009 p19 INCREASED IL-23, IL-23 BUT NOT IL-12, mRNA p40 PRODUCTION IN LESIONAL IL-12 PSORIASIS p35 NL L REF: Lee et al, J Exp Med, 2004 IL-23 POSITIVE DENDRITIC CELLS IN PSORIASIS IL-23 IS CRITICAL FOR THE SURVIVAL AND PROLIFERATION OF Th17 CELLS Th17Th17 CELLSCELLS AREARE DISTINCTDISTINCT FROMFROM Th1Th1 ANDAND Th2Th2 CELLSCELLS REF: Blauvelt, Expert Rev Dermatol, 2007 IL-17A+ LEUKOCYTES IN PSORIASIS REF: Harper et al, J Invest Dermatol, 2009 ⇑CIRCULATING IL-17A+ AND IFN-γ+ CD4+ CELLS IN PSORIASIS Kagami et al, submitted TT CELLSCELLS ANDAND PSORIASISPSORIASIS (older(older data)data) • Many of the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are type 1 T cells: Th1 and Tc1 cells (i.e, they secrete IFN-γ) • Thus, psoriasis is a “Th1 disease” TT CELLSCELLS ANDAND PSORIASISPSORIASIS (newer(newer data)data) • Many of the CD4+ T cells are Th17 cells (i.e, they secrete IL-17A) plus new genetics/mouse data • Thus, psoriasis is a “Th17 disease” • Or, more conservatively: psoriasis is a “mixed Th1/Th17 disease” • If “mixed,” what is primary and what is secondary? • Data in mice suggest that IL-12/Th1 cells and IL- 23/Th17 cells counter-regulate one another THERAPUETICTHERAPUETIC IMPLICATIONS:IMPLICATIONS: DRUGSDRUGS THATTHAT BLOCKBLOCK IILL--2233 (e.g.,(e.g., uusstteekkiinnuummaabb andand bbrriiaakkuunnuummaabb)) USTEKINUMAB AND BRIAKINUMAB (ABT-874) TARGET p40, THE SUBUNIT SHARED BY IL-23 AND IL-12 ANTI-IL-23/12 MONOCLONAL Abs UNDER EVALUATION FOR PSORIASIS AND OTHER DISEASES Ustekinumab (approved Briakinumab in Canada and Europe) Fully human Fully human Structure monoclonal IgG1 Ab monoclonal IgG1 Ab Type Transgenic Phage display Half-life 20 days1 Unpublished Psoriasis (3 ph III)2-4 Published Psor. arthritis (ph II)5 Psoriasis clinical data Crohn’s disease (ph II)6 (ph II)8 Multiple sclerosis (ph II)7 1. Gottlieb AB, et al. Curr Med Res Opin 2007;23:1081; 2. Leonardi CL, et al. Lancet 2008;371: 1665; 3. Papp KA, et al. Lancet 2008;371:1675; 4. Griffiths C, et al. EADV 2008; 5. Gottlieb AB, et al. ACR 2007; 6. Peyrin-Biroulet L, et al. Lancet 2008;372:67; 7. Segal BM, et al. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7:796; 8. Kimball AB, et al. Arch Dermatol 2008;144:200 PHOENIX 1 & 2: STUDY DESIGN Placebo- Screen Placebo crossover and active treatment controlled 4 weeks Weeks 0–12 Weeks 12–40 Ustekinumab 45 mg Group 1 Group 2 R Ustekinumab 90 mg 3a Ustekinumab 45 mg Group 3 Placebo 3b Ustekinumab 90 mg -4 0 4 12 16 28 40 Week REFS: Leonardi et al, Lancet, 2008; Papp et al, Lancet, 2008 USTEKINUMAB PASI 75 RESPONSES AT WEEK 12 (AFTER DOSES AT WEEKS 0, 4) PHOENIX 1 PHOENIX 2 100 100 80 76 ) ) 80 67 66 % 67 % ( ( s s 60 t 60 t n n e e i i t t 40 40 a a P P 20 20 3 4 0 0 Placebo 45 mg 90 mg Placebo 45 mg 90 mg N = 255 N = 255 N = 256 N = 410 N = 409 N = 411 p < 0.001 vs placebo for each dose comparison REFS: Leonardi et al, Lancet, 2008; Papp et al, Lancet, 2008 SIGNIFICANT EFFICACY AFTER TWO INJECTIONS Week 0 Week 12 PASI = 23.7 PGA = 3 PASI = 1 PGA = 1 Images courtesy of the PHOENIX 2 Investigators USTEKINUMAB PASI 75 RESPONSES AT WEEK 28 (AFTER DOSES AT WEEKS 0, 4, 16) PHOENIX 1 PHOENIX 2 100 100 79 80 80 79 71 70 ) % ( 60 60 s t n e i t a 40 40 P 20 20 0 0 Ustekinumab Ustekinumab Ustekinumab Ustekinumab 45 mg 90 mg 45 mg 90 mg REFS: Leonardi et al, Lancet, 2008; Papp et al, Lancet, 2008 USTEKINUMAB PASI 75 RESPONSES THROUGH WEEK 40 100 80 ) ) % % ( ( 60 s s t t Ustekinumab 90 mg n n e e i i t t Placebo / Ustekinumab 45 mg a a 40 P P Ustekinumab 45 mg 20 Placebo Placebo / Ustekinumab 90 mg 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 Week REF: Leonardi et al, Lancet, 2008 MAINTENANCE TREATMENT WITH USTEKINUMAB IS EFFECTIVE WITH EVERY 12 WEEKS DOSING Median percentage improvement from baseline in PASI score 100 100 80 80 60 60 40 40 Median percentage Median percentage 20 20 Placebo Placebo Ustekinumab 45 mg every 12 weeks Ustekinumab 90 mg every 12 weeks 0 0 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 *All patients randomised to maintenance therapy or treatment interruption at week 40. REF: Leonardi et al, Lancet, 2008 TYPICAL CLINICAL RESPONSE TO USTEKINUMAB Week 12 Week 52 Week 0 (2 injections) (6 injections) PASI = 23.7 PGA = 3 PASI = 1 PGA = 1 PASI = 1.6 PGA = 1 Images courtesy of the PHOENIX 2 Investigators SUMMARY OF PASI 75 RESULTS FOR USTEKINUMAB AND BRIAKINUMAB DRUG AND CONDITIONS PASI 75 (%) Ustekinumab (phase II): week 12, low dose 52 Ustekinumab (phase II): week 12, low-medium dose 59 Ustekinumab (phase II): week 12, medium-high dose 67 Ustekinumab (phase II): week 12, high dose 81 Ustekinumab (phase III): week 12, 45 mg 67 Ustekinumab (phase III): week 12, 90 mg 66-76 Ustekinumab (phase III): weeks 20-24, 45 mg 75-76 Ustekinumab (phase III): weeks 20-24, 90 mg 84-85 Briakinumab (phase II): week 12, low dose 60 Briakinumab (phase II): week 12, low-medium dose 90 Briakinumab (phase II): week 12, medium dose 87 Briakinumab (phase II): week 12, medium-high dose 90 Briakinumab (phase II): week 12, high dose 87 BRIAKINUMAB PHASE II STUDY DESIGN Retreatment with original dosage except for placebo patients. Placebo patients treated with 200 mg eow. Retreatment for 12 wks ABT-874 vs Placebo S E 200 mg x 1 dose (n=30) Y 100 mg eow (n=30) Loss of PASI 50 Response 5 200 mg/wk x 4 doses (n=30) 7 Washout > 200 mg eow (n=30) I 4 Weeks S 200 mg/wk (n=30) A YES P Placebo (n=30) NO Discontinue from study Week 0 Week 12 Week 48 REF: Kimball et al, Arch Dermatol, 2008 BRIAKINUMAB PASI 75 RESPONSES AT WEEK 12 100% 93%* 93%* 90%* 90%* 80% ) % * ( 63% s t 60% n e i t a 40% P 20% 3% 0% PBO 200 mg 100 mg 200 mg 200 mg 200 mg 1 dose eow 4 doses eow weekly ITT-NRI REF: Kimball et al, Arch Dermatol, 2008 *p<0.001 vs placebo SUMMARY OF PASI 75 RESULTS FOR USTEKINUMAB AND BRIAKINUMAB DRUG AND CONDITIONS PASI 75 (%) Ustekinumab (phase II): week 12, low dose 52 Ustekinumab (phase II): week 12, low-medium dose 59 Ustekinumab (phase II): week 12, medium-high dose 67 Ustekinumab (phase II): week 12, high dose 81 Ustekinumab (phase III): week 12, 45 mg 67 Ustekinumab (phase III): week 12, 90 mg 66-76 Ustekinumab (phase III): weeks 20-24, 45 mg 75-76 Ustekinumab (phase III): weeks 20-24, 90 mg 84-85 Briakinumab (phase II): week 12, low dose 60 Briakinumab (phase II): week 12, low-medium dose 90 Briakinumab (phase II): week 12, medium dose 87 Briakinumab (phase II): week 12, medium-high dose 90 Briakinumab (phase II): week 12, high dose 87 PHOENIX 1 & 2: SUMMARY OF USTEKINUMAB SAFETY/TOLERABILITY • Safety profiles seen in Phoenix 1 were consistent with those seen in Phoenix 2, and together they support a favorable safety profile through 1 year of treatment – Well-tolerated when administered up to 52 weeks – AEs, serious AEs, and infection rates at 52 weeks comparable to those seen at Week 12 – Most commonly reported AEs (! 5% of ustekinumab- treated patients): nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, headache – No cases of active tuberculosis – No anaphylactic or serum sickness-like reactions – Mild injection-site reactions REFS: Leonardi et al, Lancet, 2008; Papp et al, Lancet, 2008 WHAT IS THE NORMAL FUNCTION OF Th17 CELLS? • Mouse studies suggest that Th17 cells are important in fighting extracellular bacterial infections, especially at mucosal surfaces • Th17 cytokines induce anti-microbial peptide production and epithelial thickening at mucosal surfaces • Individuals deficient in Th17 cells are susceptible to C.
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