DOCSLIB.ORG

Can Industrial Hemp Save Kentucky? Susan David Dwyer University of Kentucky

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Can Industrial Hemp Save Kentucky? Susan David Dwyer University of Kentucky Kentucky Law Journal Volume 86 | Issue 4 Article 12 1998 The eH mp Controversy: Can Industrial Hemp Save Kentucky? Susan David Dwyer University of Kentucky Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/klj Part of the Agriculture Law Commons Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits you. Recommended Citation Dwyer, Susan David (1998) "The eH mp Controversy: Can Industrial Hemp Save Kentucky?," Kentucky Law Journal: Vol. 86 : Iss. 4 , Article 12. Available at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/klj/vol86/iss4/12 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kentucky Law Journal by an authorized editor of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Hemp Controversy: Can Industrial Hemp Save Kentucky?* BY SUSAN DAVID DWYER** INTRODUCTION n the wake of litigation over the responsibility of tobacco companies for harm caused by cigarettes and in the face of increased public hostility toward smoking, Kentucky's tobacco farmers are apprehensive about the future.' While not all growers depend entirely on tobacco for their income, the potential shrinking of the tobacco market will have serious ramifications throughout the state.2 Some farmers are turning to organic vegetable farming, or to com and soybeans as alternative crops,3 but the potential of industrial hemp as an option remains uncertain. Touted by many as the answer to the tobacco farmer's quandary,4 industrial hemp remains an illegal crop under both federal' and state6 law Furthermore, it is *The topic ofthis Note was originally suggested by Della M. Justice, a member of the 1996-97 editorial board of the Kentucky Law Journal. J.D. expected 1999, University of Kentucky See, e.g., Chad Carlton & Bill Estep, Growing Uncertainty: Big Farmers, TenantsFace GreatestRisk,LEXINGTON HERALD-LEADER (Lexington, Ky.), Sept. 21, 1997, at Al. For an in-depth investigation into the current concerns of Kentucky's tobacco farmers about their future, see Tobacco Blues (Caf6 Sisters Productions 1997) (broadcast on KET, The Kentucky Network, Feb. 10, 1998). Some Kentucky farmers have filed suit in a Lexington, Kentucky federal district court demanding the right to grow and cultivate industrial hemp. See Joe Ward, Kentucky Farmers Will Sue for Right to Grow Hemp, THE COURIER-JOURNAL (Louisville, Ky.), May 15, 1998, at 1D. 2See Carlton & Estep, supra note 1. 3 See Chad Carlton, Family Turning to Other Crops for Part of Income, LEXINGTON HERALD-LEADER (Lexington, Ky.), Sept. 21, 1997, at A10; Tobacco Blues, supra note 1. 'See, e.g., Allen G. Breed, From Food to Fashion,Hemp Is n Demand, THE COURIER-JOURNAL (Louisville, Ky.), May 20, 1997, at 1E. ' See Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, 21 U.S.C. §§ 801-971 (1994). 6 See KY. REV STAT. ANN. [hereinafter K.R.S.] § 218A.010-.350 (Michie 1997). 1143 1144 KENTUCKY LAW JOURNAL [VOL. 86 not entirely clear how large a market exists for industrial hemp and whether it would be a profitable crop for Kentucky farmers.7 This Note attempts to discern whether current laws should be changed to allow the cultivation of industrial hemp in Kentucky It begins with a discussion of the agronomy of industrial hemp and its relationship to marijuana m Part .8Part III addresses the environmental benefits that hemp offers. The current state of world markets and production of industrial hemp, along with estimates of profitability of Kentucky-grown hemp, is detailed in 0 Part 11. Part IV' explores the long history of industrial hemp globally, in the United States, and in Kentucky where it was a staple crop for many years. 2 The current and potentially changing legal status of industrial hemp at the federal level, m Kentucky, and m other states is offered in Parts V, VI, and VIIi 3 Part VUIM addresses the enforcement and public perception problems posedby legalizing industrial hemp given its ties to marijuana. Part IX concludes with a proposal for Kentucky as it explores possible futures for industrial hemp. I. AGRICULTURE OF INDUSTRIAL HEMP In botamcal terms, hemp is known as Cannabissativa L. It is widely considered the only species in the Cannabisgenus, though many subspecies or varieties have been identified. 5 Some of these subspecies are hemp plants ' See generally Valerie L. Vantreese, Industrial Hemp: Global Markets and Prices (1997) (unpublished manuscript, University of Kentucky); see also infra Part IV According to Andy Graves, president of the Kentucky Hemp Growers Cooperative Association, "hemp crops could net Kentucky farmers $300 to $350 an acre- somewhat less than tobacco, butwell ahead of corn and soybeans." Ward, supra note 1. SSee infra notes 15-56 and accompanying text. 9 See infra notes 57-76 and accompanying text. SSee infra notes 77-96 and accompanying text. " See infra notes 97-142 and accompanying text. 12 SeeJames F Hopkins, A History of the Hemp Industry in Kentucky (1951). "Hemp, grown by some of the earliest white settlers in the area, became one of the few commodities which might be depended upon for a cash income." Id. at 4. "3See infra notes 143-78, 179-222, 223-32, respectively, and accompanying text. 14 See infra notes 233-47 and accompanying text. 15 See JAMES M. DEMPSEY, FIBER CROPS 54-55 (1975); R.H. KIRBY, VEGETABLE FIBRES 46 (1963). Botanists originally posited that there were two species within the Cannabisgenus: Cannabissativa, which produced fiber, and Cannabisindica, which was the source of the narcotic. Today, botanists agree that 1997-98] THE HEMP CONTROVERSY 1145 grown to produce narcotics, including marijuana, 6while others produce fiber 1 7 or seed that can be used for industrial purposes. The narcotic effect of marijuana is a result of the tetrahydrocannabmols ("THC") m cannabis,"8 the most hallucmogemc of which is delta-9-THC. 19 Marijuana has a higher THC content than industrial hemp, and nations that currently allow the cultivation of industrial hemp distinguish between hemp and marijuana on the basis of THC measurements. 0 The narcotic effects of hemp also can be measured as a ratio of THC content to non-psychoactive cannabmol ("CBD").31 Low ratios, resulting from high levels of CBD, indicate that the plant will not produce a narcotic effect. In short, cannabis plants with elevated levels of CBD are useless for smoking. 2 Hemp is an adaptable and versatile plant, and its nature- whether it tends to have more THC or produce more fiber- and appearance depend on climate and cultivation techmques as well as the variety of seed used.?3 Hemp grown m temperate regions and relatively moist soil conditions produces more fiber.24 Hemp plants intended for fiber production are planted close together, which encourages tall, fibrous stalks and few leaves.' Hemp grown in hot Cannabissativa is the only species. The plant that was known as Cannabis indica is now recognized as a subspecies or variety. See LESTER GRINSPOON, MARIHUANA RECONSIDERED 35 (1971). '6 See DEMPSEY, supra note 15, at 47-49. '7 See KIRBY, supranote 15, at 46-47 18 For a discussion of the investigation into marijuana's chemistry, see GRINSPOON, supranote 15, at 42-54. '9See David P West, Fiber Wars: The Extinction ofKentucky Hemp, in HEMP TODAY 5, 45 (Ed Rosenthal ed., 1994) (citing a 1975 study of feral cannabis in Kansas). 20For example, the European Union (the economic block of European nations) allows the cultivation of hemp with 0.3% THC or less. Others have suggested that 0.5% would be an acceptable threshold. See id. at 43. 21 For example, 0.16% CBD produces a headache rather than a narcotic effect in anyone attempting to smoke hemp. See id. " See id. '3 See id. As for the seed varieties, "[i]n 1991, Dutch hemp breeders released a hemp variety, 'with virtually no narcotic potential.' They said it was easy to select changes in THC concentration and that THC and fiber are under independent genetic control. 'Fiber content and THC are not interrelated.' Furthermore, they demonstrated that recognized fiber and herbal types clearly separate for percent THC." Id. at 34 (quoting E.P.M. DeMeijer et al., Characterizationof Cannabis Accessions with Respect to OtherPlant Characters.62 EUPHYTICA 187 (1992)). 24 See id. I See Andrew R. Graves, Legalize IndustrialHemp?, THE COURIER-JOURNAL (Louisville, Ky.), Feb. 16, 1997, at 7A (stating that hemp seed intended to produce fiber is planted four inches apart). Other sources note that seeding rates can vary 1146 KENTUCKY LAW JOURNAL [VOL. 86 and/or dry climates tends to produce more resin, which is the most potent source of the plant's narcotic.2s Hemp grown to produce narcotics is also planted farther apart than that grown for fiber, which encourages more leaves and flowers that produce the resin.27 Hemp plants are usually dioecious - either male or female.2 Both sexes germinate and grow at much the same rate.29 The two differ little in appearance except for their flowers,30 and ifharvested at the proper time, they produce fiber of virtually identical quality 31If grown for fiber and seed, the female plants are harvested several weeks after the male plants, which allows time for the seed to ripen.32 Monoecious strams, v. i both male and female depending on the type of fiber the farmer wishes to produce and location. See DEMPSEY, supranote 15, at 65-66; KIRBY, supranote 15, at 51. Ideally, such close seeding produces very slender plants about six feet tall. However, where hemp is planted for seed production, another industrial use, rather than fiber production, plants can reach 16 feet.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • AN ACT Relating to Medicinal Marijuana and Making an Appropriation Therefor
    UNOFFICIAL COPY 20 RS HB 136/HCS 1 1 AN ACT relating to medicinal marijuana and making an appropriation therefor. 2 Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky: 3 SECTION 1. A NEW SECTION OF KRS CHAPTER 218A IS CREATED TO 4 READ AS FOLLOWS: 5 For the purposes of Sections 1 to 30 of this Act, unless the context otherwise requires: 6 (1) "Bona fide practitioner-patient relationship" means a treating or consulting 7 relationship, during the course of which the practitioner: 8 (a) Has completed an initial in-person examination and assessment of the 9 patient's medical history and current medical condition; 10 (b) Has consulted with the patient with respect to the possible therapeutic and 11 palliative properties of medicinal cannabis; 12 (c) Has advised the patient of the possible risks and side effects associated with 13 the use of medicinal cannabis including possible interactions between 14 medicinal cannabis and any other drug or medication that the patient is 15 taking at that time; and 16 (d) Has established an expectation he or she will provide follow-up care and 17 treatment to the patient; 18 (2) "Cannabis business" means a cultivator, dispensary, processor, producer, or a 19 safety compliance facility licensed under this chapter; 20 (3) "Cannabis business agent" means a principal officer, board member, employee, 21 volunteer, or agent of a cannabis business; 22 (4) "Cardholder" means: 23 (a) A registered qualified patient, designated caregiver, or visiting qualified 24 patient who has applied for, obtained,
    [Show full text]
  • HEMP VS. MARIJUANA: the FEDERAL BATTLE to CONTROL the MEANING of CANNABIS Carrie Lynn Torrella Submitted to the Faculty of the U
    HEMP VS. MARIJUANA: THE FEDERAL BATTLE TO CONTROL THE MEANING OF CANNABIS Carrie Lynn Torrella Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in the Department of History, Indiana University December 2011 Accepted by the Faculty of Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. ________________________________ Michael David Snodgrass, Ph.D., Chair Master’s Thesis Committee ______________________________ Robert G. Barrows, Ph.D. ______________________________ Nancy Marie Robertson, Ph.D. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my thanks to all the people who helped me complete this project. The staff at both the Advertising Council Archives at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the Harry J. Anslinger Papers at Penn State Special Collections Library assisted my research. My thesis committee members, Dr. Nancy Robertson and Dr. Robert Barrows, offered me valuable insight and suggestions for improvements. My thesis chair, Dr. Michael Snodgrass, has patiently read chapter drafts and given me thoughtful comments and suggestions. My parents, Marlene and Renè Torrella, have given me unconditional love and limitless support and prodded me to complete this project. I would also like to thank my sisters Tracy and Abigail, my brother Andrew and my dear friends Jesica, Anne, Veda, and Will for their support. Most of all, I would like to thank my daughters Claudia and Natasha for giving me the motivation
    [Show full text]
  • Hemp As an Agricultural Commodity
    Hemp as an Agricultural Commodity Renée Johnson Specialist in Agricultural Policy March 10, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL32725 Hemp as an Agricultural Commodity Summary Industrial hemp is an agricultural commodity that is cultivated for use in the production of a wide range of products, including foods and beverages, cosmetics and personal care products, nutritional supplements, fabrics and textiles, yarns and spun fibers, paper, construction and insulation materials, and other manufactured goods. Hemp can be grown as a fiber, seed, or other dual-purpose crop. However, hemp is also from the same species of plant, Cannabis sativa, as marijuana. As a result, production in the United States is restricted due to hemp’s association with marijuana, and the U.S. market is largely dependent on imports, both as finished hemp-containing products and as ingredients for use in further processing (mostly from Canada and China). Current industry estimates report U.S. hemp sales at nearly $600 million annually. In the early 1990s there was a sustained resurgence of interest to allow for commercial hemp cultivation in the United States. Several states conducted economic or market studies and initiated or enacted legislation to expand state-level resources and production. Congress made significant changes to federal policies regarding hemp in the 2014 farm bill (Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79, §7606). The 2014 farm bill provided that certain research institutions and state departments of agriculture may grow hemp under an agricultural pilot program. The bill further established a statutory definition for industrial hemp as “the plant Cannabis sativa L.
    [Show full text]
  • Board of Commissioners Meeting Tuesday, March 27, 2018
    City of Henderson, Kentucky Board of Commissioners Meeting Tuesday, March 27, 2018 Municipal Center Third Floor Assembly Room 222 First Street 5:30 P.M. AGENDA 1. Invocation: Brother David Salisbury, Henderson Church of Christ 2. Roll Call: 3. Recognition of Visitors: 4. Appearance of Citizens: 5. Proclamations: "Fair Housing Month" "National Community Development Week" 6. Presentations: George Warren, Audubon Area Homebuilders Chris Heimgartner, HMPL 7. Public Hearings: 8. Consent Agenda: Minutes: March 13, 2018 Regular Meeting March 20, 2018 Special Called Meeting March 20, 2018 Called Work Session 9. Ordinances & Resolutions: Second Readings: Ordinance Amending Code of Ordinances Chapter 20, Streets, Sidewalks, and Other Public Places First Readings: Resolutions: Resolution Authorizing Extension of Sewer Service Outside City Limits - 438 Old Corydon Rd Resolution Accepting Interlocal Cooperation Agreement for the Establishment of a Joint Henderson County and City of Henderson Tourist Commission Please mute or turn off all cell phones for the duration of this meeting. 10. Municipal Orders: Municipal Order Authorizing Donation of Surplus Property to Housing Authority of Henderson- I 021 Clay Street 11. Bids & Contracts: Municipal Order Authorizing the Award of Bid for Mowing of City Cemeteries to Knight's Landscaping 12. Unfinished Business: 13. City Manager's Report: 14. Commissioners' Reports: 15. Appointments: 16. Executive Session: 17. Miscellaneous: Review and Discussion of a Beekeeping Ordinance 18. Adjournment Please mute or turn
    [Show full text]
  • SR-112 Science of Hemp: Production and Pest Management
    University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Agricultural Experiment Station SR-112 Science of Hemp: Production and Pest Management Science of Hemp: Production and Pest Management October 10 –11, 2019 Agricultural Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center | Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory | Division of Regulatory Services | Research and Education Center Experiment Station Robinson Forest | Robinson Center for Appalachian Resource Sustainability | University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center | Equine Programs emp (Cannabis sativa with <0.3% THC content) is grown for fiber, grain, and cannabinoid extraction in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Until recently, HCannabis sativa has been classified as a Schedule 1 controlled substance in the US. The Agricultural Act of 2014 (Farm Bill) allowed for reintroduction of industrial hemp under a pilot research program. Acreage increases and addition of state legislation resulted in over 78,000 acres of hemp grown in 23 states by the end of 2018. Hemp became a legal commodity under the 2018 Farm Bill, and by the end of 2019, over 500,000 licensed acres were documented across 45 states. Canada re-introduced the crop in 1998, and in 2018, almost 78,000 acres of hemp were licensed and planted. With this increase in acreage and the lack of modern scientific data, university and government agricultural specialists began to work on various components of production and a range of realized challenges. This new information, however, had either not been shared or was not readily accessible to the scientific community, especially early results and nonpublished data. The first annual meeting of the Science of Hemp: Production and Pest Management was held on October 10-11, 2019 at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, KY.
    [Show full text]
  • National Industrial Hemp Strategy
    National Industrial Hemp Strategy Prepared for: Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiative Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Contract Number: ARDI III B-27 March 30th, 2008 George Brook, Partner 293 Duncairn Ave. Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Z 7H1 Email: [email protected] Phone / Cell: 613-863-5119 Fax: 613-249-7064 TAG Project Team: George Brook, Kristopher Liljefors, David Brook, Andy Stewart National Industrial Hemp Strategy ii March 2008 Executive Summary Growth of the Canadian Industrial Hemp Sector The history of hemp cultivation is as old as the history of civilization. In North America, hemp was a crucial crop during the colonial period, and it continued to be produced right up to and through the Second World War. A combination of regulatory pressures and changing public perceptions around drug use led to the disappearance of domestic hemp cultivation in North America in the years following WW II. In 1998, Canada joined the large international community of hemp producers by permitting the production of industrial hemp, under a carefully monitored regulatory process. While the growth of the Canadian industrial hemp sector over the past decade has been uneven and at times fraught with challenges, as would be expected from a fledgling industry, there is considerable cause for optimism: The market for hemp seed materials for human health, nutrition, and personal care applications is strong and growing. Market price for a drum of conventionally grown hemp oil is approximately $1600 Cdn, with organic hem oil fetching in the neighbourhood of $2500 a drum (Spring 2008). A favourable court decision in 2004 re-opened the US market, which had been effectively closed in 2000 by the US Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA).
    [Show full text]
  • An Attempt to Legalize Hemp Farming in Tennessee Is Getting Pushback, Despite Its Economic Potential
    TENNESSEE TITANS Deja vu all over again Neil O’Donnell explains what Fitzpatrick faces taking over at QB. ENTER Murphy’sTAINMENT law: P17 Nashville Hoops over U2 From Elvis to The Boss, the MTSU venue has seen some DaviDson • Williamson • sUmnER • ChEatham • Wilson RUthERFoRD • R great acts. But that was then. Ledger Brian Patterson Photos / shutterstock.com P16 oBERtson • maURY • DiCkson • montGomERY | October 4 – 10, 2013 www.nashvilleledger.com The power of information. Vol. 39 | Issue 40 F oR mer lY WESTVIEW sinCE 1978 An attempt to legalize hemp Page 13 farming in Tennessee is getting pushback, despite Dec.: Dec.: Keith Turner, Ratliff, Jeanan Mills Stuart, Resp.: Kimberly Dawn Wallace, Atty: Mary C Lagrone, 08/24/2010, 10P1318 its economic potential In re: Jeanan Mills Stuart, Princess Angela Gates, Jeanan Mills Stuart, Princess Angela Gates,Dec.: Resp.: Kim Prince Patrick, Angelo Terry Patrick, Gates, Atty: Monica D Edwards, 08/25/2010, 10P1326 In re: Keith Turner, TN Dept Of Correction, www.westviewonline.com TN Dept Of Correction, Resp.: Johnny Moore,Dec.: Melinda Atty: Bryce L Tomlinson, Coatney, Resp.: Pltf(s): Rodney A Hall, Pltf Atty(s): n/a, 08/27/2010, 10P1336 In re: Kim Patrick, Terry Patrick, Pltf(s): Sandra Heavilon, Resp.: Jewell Tinnon, Atty: Ronald Andre Stewart, 08/24/2010,Dec.: Seton Corp 10P1322 Insurance Company, Dec.: Regions Bank, Resp.: Leigh A Collins, In re: Melinda L Tomlinson, Def(s): Jit Steel Transport Inc, National Fire Insurance Company, Elizabeth D Hale, Atty: William Warner McNeilly, 08/24/2010, Def Atty(s): J Brent Moore, 08/26/2010, 10C3316 10P1321 Dec.: Amy In Tennessee, the idea of hemp is hot.
    [Show full text]
  • A Baseline Review and Assessment of the Massachusetts Adult-Use Cannabis Industry: Market Data and Industry Participation
    A Baseline Review and Assessment of the Massachusetts Adult-Use Cannabis Industry: Market Data and Industry Participation February 2020 Massachusetts Cannabis Control Commission: Steven J. Hoffman, Chairman Kay Doyle, Commissioner Jennifer Flanagan, Commissioner Britte McBride, Commissioner Shaleen Title, Commissioner Shawn Collins, Executive Director Prepared by the Massachusetts Cannabis Control Commission Research and Information Technology Departments: Samantha M. Doonan, BA, Research Analyst David McKenna, PhD, Chief Technology Officer Julie K. Johnson, PhD, Director of Research Acknowledgements External Collaborators Alexandra F. Kritikos, MA, Brandeis University Cannabis Control Commission Communications Cedric Sinclair, Director of Communications Maryalice Gill, Press Secretary Kirsten Swenson, Communications Specialist Management Alisa Stack, Chief Operating Officer Erika Scibelli, Chief of Staff Legal Christine Baily, General Counsel Allie DeAngelis, Associate General Counsel Enforcement and Licensing Yaw Gyebi, Chief of Enforcement Paul Payer, Enforcement Counsel Kyle Potvin, Director of Licensing Patrick Beyea, Director of Investigations Derek Chamberlin, Licensing Analyst Anne DiMare, Licensing Specialist Government Affairs David Lakeman, Director of Government Affairs 2 Suggested bibliographic reference format: Doonan SM., McKenna, D., Johnson JK., (2020, February). A Baseline Review and Assessment of the Massachusetts Adult-Use Cannabis Industry— A Report to the Massachusetts Legislature. Boston, MA: Massachusetts Cannabis
    [Show full text]
  • Jesse Ventura's Marijuana Manifesto
    JESSE VENTURA’S MARIJUANA MANIFESTO BY JESSE VENTURA WITH JEN HOBBS 2 Studies Cannabis kills tumor cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ articles/PMC1576089 pubmed/16818650 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/20090845 pubmed/17952650 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/616322 pubmed/20307616 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/14640910 pubmed/16616335 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/19480992 pubmed/16624285 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/15275820 pubmed/10700234 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/15638794 pubmed/17675107 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/14617682 pubmed/16893424 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/17342320 pubmed/15026328 3 Studies (continued) Uterine, testicular, and pancreatic cancers http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/cannabis/healthprofessional/page4 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20925645 Brain cancer http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11479216 Mouth and throat cancer http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20516734 Breast cancer http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18454173 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728591 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9653194 Lung cancer http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25069049 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22198381 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21097714 Prostate cancer http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
    [Show full text]
  • Hope for Hemp? a Misunderstood Plant Prepares for Its Comeback
    Hope for Hemp? A Misunderstood Plant Prepares for its Comeback By Rona Kobell March 2017 The Abell Foundation www.abell.org Suite 2300 Phone: 410-547-1300 111 S. Calvert Street @abellfoundation Baltimore, MD 21202-6174 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction............................................................................................................1 I. Hemp and its History..........................................................................................3 Hemp products and benefits...............................................................................3 Hemp and marijuana: A problematic connection in need of untangling................4 II. Hemp in Kentucky: A Cash Crop Comes Home...............................................5 A push from tobacco ..........................................................................................6 Feds seize the seeds............................................................................................6 Making green in the Bluegrass State...................................................................7 III. Hemp for Maryland: Growing Nowhere.........................................................9 Maryland legislature: Three years of trying for hemp...........................................9 Hemp-related economic development stalled in Maryland..................................11 IV. Hemp for Baltimore, and Beyond...................................................................11 V. Hemp for Higher Education in Baltimore.......................................................13
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Marijuana: Getting in the Weeds
    Medical Marijuana: Getting In the Weeds Dianne Tharp, PharmD, BPharm, BCPS, CPE Clinical Pharmacist May 17, 2016 1 Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this webinar, and/or any related material, are solely those of the original authors and contributors and do not represent the views and opinions of Healthcare Solutions, Inc. and its affiliates. 2 AGENDA Marijuana vs What is MEDICAL Is Marijuana Why Marijuana, Why Marijuana (MMJ)? Medicine? Industrial Hemp Now? Smoking and Misuse Conclusion Diseases and Medical Effects and Side of Marijuana Marijuana: What the Effects of Marijuana Studies Show 3 1 What is MMJ? Dried flowers and leaves of the Cannabis (marijuana) plant taken for a desired medical purpose 4 SYNTHETIC “MARIJUANA” FLOODS TAMPA BAY AREA Associated Press March 28, 2016 5 SYNTHETIC “MARIJUANA” IS NOT MEDICAL MARIJUANA “ …What makes spice dangerous is how easy it is to get, its inexpensive price and the difficulty of following through with prosecution. While it is called synthetic marijuana, officials say it has nothing to do with the leafy drug that is being legalized for medical use and decriminalized in some U.S. states and cities. Synthetic marijuana is made by taking dried plant material and soaking it in ever‐changing chemical combinations. Packets of the drug used to be available in convenience stores alongside packs of chewing gum and candy bars, and sometimes still are, O'Connor said. Those packets often are rolled into individual spice cigarettes, which sell on the street for $1 or $2 each. They don't know
    [Show full text]
  • State of the States: Drug Policy Reforms: 1996-2002
    S T A T E O F T H E S T A T E S DRUG POLICY REFORMS: 1996-2002 A REPORT BY THE DRUG POLICY ALLIANCE SEPTEMBER 2003 By Bill Piper, Associate Director of National Affairs Matthew Briggs, Director of Publications Katharine Huffman, Director of State Affairs Rebecca Lubot-Conk, Associate Director of State Affairs 7 0 W E S T 3 6 T H S T R E E T 1 6 T H F L O O R N E W Y O R K, N Y 1 0 0 1 8 W W W . D R U G P O L I C Y . O R G ( 2 1 2 ) 6 1 3 - 8 0 2 0 S T A T E O F T H E S T A T E S DRUG POLICY REFORMS: 1996-2002 A REPORT BY THE DRUG POLICY ALLIANCE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report details over 150 notable drug policy reforms enacted by voters and legislators in 46 states between 1996 and 2002. This is the first comprehensive documentation of these important political developments, and is designed to allow ready analysis both by region and type of reform. Unlike their federal counterparts, who by and large remain paralyzed by decades of failed drug war rhetoric and inertia, state officials and the voting public are moving forward. The number and scope of these reforms provide evidence of diminishing public confidence in the reflexively “get-tough” answers of the drug war, and a growing commitment to approaches rooted in science, fiscal responsibility, public health and civil rights.* The reforms discussed in this report were initiated, sponsored and supported by Democrats, Republicans, Libertarians, Greens and Independents.
    [Show full text]