1 Volume MMXVIII No. 1

January 2018

President: Mark Folkerts folkerts at seanet.com The Stargazer VP and Programs: Ron Mosher ron.mosher69 at gmail.net P.O. Box 13272 Treasurer: Roger Meisner Mill Creek, WA 98082 Web assistance: Mark Folkerts Newsletter co-editors Mark Simonson, Mark Folkerts marknilse at yahoo.com Intro Astro Classes Jack Barnes jackdanielb at comcast.net See EAS website at: organizer Ron Tam tam1951 at frontier.net http://everettastro.org so needs to contact him in advance and confirm available dates, and let EAS BUSINESS… him know if plans change. “Our place is open for star parties any Saturday except weekends of the Full Moon. People can call to get

weather conditions or to confirm that there is a star party. Our TH FEB EAS MEETING – SATURDAY FEBRUARY 10 , 3:00 PM, phone number is (360) 568-5152. They can e-mail me too AT EVERGREEN BRANCH LIBRARY, MEETING ROOM ([email protected]) but I don't check my email daily. They can email me for directions if they never have been out here.” The next EAS monthly meeting will be 3:00 pm Call Ron about unscheduled spur-of-the-moment observing. We try Saturday Feb 10th. There will be a video presentation. to hold informal close-in star parties each month during the spring, summer, and fall months on a weekend near the New moon at a member’s property or a local park. EAS meetings have speakers or presentations, and updates on calendar events and upcoming activities, and are open to the Western US Star Parties in 2018 public at no charge. Meeting is at the Evergreen branch of the Everett Public Library located at 9512 Evergreen Way. - Website 2018 Regional Star Parties · Directions Feb 12-18 2018 - SCAS Winter Star Party - Florida Keys, Marathon, FL PREVIOUS EAS MEETING RECAP http://www.scas.org/Home/winterStarParty Apr 14-21 OzSky Star Safari - Warrumbungles Mountain Motel - Asterosiesmology – Red Giants in Binary Systems – Dr. Merideth Coonabarabran, NSW, Australia - http://www.ozsky.org/ Rawls of UW . Dr. Rawls covered how start ring with Apr 11-15 - Spring Camp Delany Star Party - many frequencies at the same time, and this pressure wave ringing can https://olympicastronomicalsociety.org/ be measured by measuring the brightness of the star accurately over an April 21, - Astronomy Day - World Wide extended continuous period of time. The brightness variations can https://www.astroleague.org/al/astroday/astrodayform.html then be used to extract what frequencies are present in the star, and May 6-13 - TSP Texas Star Party- near Fort Davis, TX https://texasstarparty.org/ these can be used to infer the mass of the star. May 24-28 -RTMC Astronomy Expo - Camp Oakes, Big Bear City, CA - Stars in binary systems can also be checked by traditional Doppler-shift http://rtmcastronomyexpo.org/ measurements and light-curves as the stars go through their orbits. May 10-13 - South Pacific Star Party (Australia) Wiruna - ASNSW's Premier Dark Then the two sets of results can be compared and contrasted, and used Sky Site - Ilford, New South Wales, Australia - http://www.asnsw.com/node/712 to refine the models of the system, and confirm calculations. Jun 9-16 - Grand Canyon Star Party - Grand Canyon National Park North and South Rims, Tusayan, AZ - http://tucsonastronomy.org/upcoming-events/grand-  STAR PARTY INFO  canyon-star-party/ Jun 13-16 - Bryce Canyon Astronomy Festival - Bryce Canyon National Park -  Scheduled EAS Star Parties at Ron Tam’s:  Cedar City, Utah - https://www.nps.gov/brca/planyourvisit/astrofest.htm Currently planned beginning in March at Ron Tam’s place. JUN 13–17 - Rocky Mountain Star Stare - Starry Meadows, Gardner, CO - http://rmss.org/ EAS member Ron Tam has offered a flexible opportunity to EAS Jul 11-15 - Golden State Star Party - Frosty Acres Ranch, Adin, CA - members to come to his home north of Snohomish for observing on http://goldenstatestarparty.org/ clear weekend evenings and for EAS star parties. Anyone wishing to do 2 June - Craters of the Moon Star Party - Craters of the Moon National Monument, March 2018 Astro Calendar Arco, ID - http://www.ifastro.org/ Mar 10 - EAS Meeting – Evergreen Branch Library – 3:00 pm Jul 14, Aug 11 - Julian Starfest - Menghini Winery, Julian, CA - Mar 11 - Saturn 2.2°S of Moon http://www.julianstarfest.com/ Mar 17 - New Moon Jul 14-15 - CWAS AstroFest - CSIRO Parkes Observatory's Visitors Centre, Parkes, Mar 20 - Mar Equinox Central West of NSW, Australia - http://www.cwas.org.au/astrofest/ Mar 22 - Aldebaran 0.9°S of Moon Jul - RASCals Star Party - Metchosin Cricket Field, Victoria, BC Aug 4-12 - Mt. Kobau Star Party - Mt. Kobau, Osoyoos, BC - April 2018 Astro Calendar http://www.mksp.ca/ Apr 16 - New Moon Aug 3-12 - The Queensland Astrofest - Lions Camp Duckadang, Linville, Apr 22, 23 - Lyrids Meteor Shower Queensland, Australia http://www.qldastrofest.org.au/ Apr 29 - Mercury at Greatest Western Elongation

Aug 7-11 - Table Mountain Star Party - Eden Valley Ranch, Oroville, WA - http://www.tmspa.com/ May 2018 Astro Calendar Aug 7-12 - Oregon Star Party –Ochocco NF, OR - http://oregonstarparty.org/ May 6, 7 - Eta Aquarids Brothers Star Party - May 9 - Jupiter at Opposition http://oregonobservatory.org/visit-the-observatory/our-program/bsp.html May 13 - Mercury 2.4°N of Moon May 15 - New Moon September - Cathedral Gorge Star Party & Campout, Cathedral Gorge State Park, Panaca, NV – http://www.lvastronomy.com/index.php/events/upcoming-events Jun 2018 Astro Calendar Sep 8-15 - Merritt Star Quest - Loon Lake Road, Merritt, BC, Canada - http://www.merrittastronomical.com/ Jun 01 – Haybusa-2 reaches asteroid Ryugu https://tockify.com/fvascalendar/detail/59/1536390000000 Jun 13 - New Moon Jun 21 - Jun Solstice Sep 7-9 - SW Astronomy Festival - Cedar Breaks NP, Southern UT/Northern AZ, Jun 27 - Saturn at Opposition Cedar City, Utah - https://www.nps.gov/cebr/planyourvisit/southwest- Jun 28 - Saturn 1.8°S of Moon astronomy-festival.htm Sep 7-9 - Alberta Star Party - Starland Recreation Area Campground. Drumheller, July 2018 Astro Calendar Alberta - http://calgary.rasc.ca/asp2018.htm Jul 06 - Earth at Aphelion: 1.01670 AU September - Idaho Star Party - Bruneau Dunes State Park Eagle Cove Jul 10 - Aldebaran 1.1°S of Moon Campground, Mountain Home ID - http://isp.boiseastro.org/ Jul 12 - Mercury at Greatest Eastern Elongation Sep 30, 2017 - Astronomy Day - World Wide - Jul 13 - New Moon https://www.astroleague.org/al/astroday/astrodayform.html Jul 27 - Mars at Opposition Oct 6-14 - Okie-Tex Star Party - Camp Billy Joe, Kenton, Oklahoma - Jul 28, 29 - Delta Aquarids Meteor Shower http://www.okie-tex.com/ Oct 6-13 - OzSky 'Southern Spring' Star Safari - OzSky Southern Spring dark sky August 2018 Astro Calendar observing site, Binda, NSW, Australia - http://www.ozsky.org/spring.asp Aug 11 - New Moon Oct 12-21 - Jasper Dark Sky Festival - Jasper National Park, Jasper, AB; Edmonton Aug 12, 13 - Perseids Meteor Shower AB, Alberta, Canada - https://jasperdarksky.travel/ Aug 17 - Venus at Greatest Eastern Elongation Oct - Enchanted Skies Star Party (ESSP) - Cibola National Forest, Magdalena, NM Aug 17 – Osiris-rex spacecraft reaches asteroid Bennu Aug 26 - Mercury at Greatest Western Elongation Nov 1-4 – Nightfall - Palm Canyon Resort, Borrego Springs, CA - http://nightfallstarparty.com/ September 2018 Astro Calendar Nov 5-10 - Eldorado Star Party - X-Bar Ranch, Sonora, TX - http://eldoradostarparty.org/ Sep 7 - Neptune at Opposition Sep 9 - New Moon Sep 23 - Sep Equinox Other Star Party Info http://www.amsky.com/calendar/events/ October 2018 Astro Calendar Oct 8 - Draconids Meteor Shower 2018 ASTRO CALENDAR Oct 9 - New Moon Oct 21, 22 - Orionids Meteor Shower Oct 23 - Uranus at Opposition Jan 2018 Astro Calendar Jan 13 - EAS Meeting –– 3:00 pm - Asterosiesmology – Red Giants in Binary November 2014 Astro Calendar Systems – Dr. M.Rawls of UW Astronomy. Nov 5, 6 - Taurids Meteor Shower Jan 27 - Aldebaran 0.7°S of Moon Nov 6 - Mercury at Greatest Eastern Elongation Jan 31 - Total Lunar Eclipse - will be visible throughout most of western North Nov 7 - New Moon America, eastern Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Ocean. 13:30 UTC Nov 17, 18 - Leonids Meteor Shower

February 2018 Astro Calendar December 2014 Astro Calendar Feb 10 - EAS Meeting – Evergreen Branch Library – 3:00 pm Dec 7 - New Moon Feb 11 - Saturn 2.5°S of Moon Dec 13, 14 - Geminids Meteor Shower Feb 15 - New Moon Dec 15 - Mercury at Greatest Western Elongation Feb 23 - Aldebaran 0.7°S of Moon Dec 21 - Dec Solstice

3 OBSERVER’S INFORMATION… ISS – VISIBLE EVERETT PASSES ISS Visibility – Heavens Above: LUNAR PHASES http://www.heavens-above.com/PassSummary.asp?lat=47.979&lng=- 122.201&alt=0&loc=Everett&TZ=PST&satid=25544

ASTRONOMICAL NEWS --

‘TESS’ Mission to Discover New Planets Moves Toward Launch

NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), shown here in a conceptual illustration, will identify exoplanets orbiting the brightest stars just outside our . Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center

A NASA mission designed to explore the stars in search of planets outside of our solar system is a step closer to launch, now that its four cameras have been completed by researchers at MIT. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), due to launch in 2018, will travel through space, identifying more than 20,000 extrasolar planets. These will range from Earth-sized planets to much larger gas giants. TESS is expected to catalog a sample of around 500 Earth-sized and "super Earth" planets, or those with radii less than twice that of Earth. It will detect small rock-and- ice planets orbiting a diverse range of stars, including rocky worlds in the habitable zones of their host stars. "The scientific community is eagerly awaiting the launch of TESS and the first data release in 2018," says Sara Seager, the Class of 1941 Professor of Planetary Sciences at MIT and deputy lead of the TESS Science Office. UW Astronomy Speakers Colloquium Schedule During its two-year mission, TESS, which is being led by MIT and Astronomy Department weekly colloquium meets Thursdays at 4:00 managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, will monitor pm in PAB A102 - the classroom part of the Physics/Astronomy Building complex. http://www.astro.washington.edu/pages/colloquium.html the brightness of more than 200,000 stars. It will search for temporary drops in brightness caused by an exoplanet passing TWO DISTINCT PHYSICAL SCENARIOS FOR THE CIRCUMGALACTIC MEDIUM OF MILKY-WAY-LIKE GALAXIES - Jan 23 @ 12:00 PM - 1:00 PM in front of its host star, as viewed from Earth. ASTRONOMY ON TAP SEATTLE: Jan 24 @ 7:00 PM - 9:00 PM The satellite's four cameras, developed by researchers at MIT's NUCLEOSYNTHESIS IN DEGENERATE OBJECTS - Jan 25 @ 4:00 PM - 5:00 PM Kavli Institute for and Space Research and the MIT MAKE IT, MIX IT AND SHAKE IT — A RECIPE FOR COLD GAS IN Lincoln Laboratory, are equipped with large-aperture wide-angle CIRCUMGALACTIC MEDIUM - Jan 30 @ 12:00 PM - 1:00 PM lenses designed to survey the entire sky.

4 Each camera consists of a lens assembly containing seven turn for 27 days. It will explore the Southern Hemisphere in the optical elements and a detector with four charge-coupled device first year of its mission, and the Northern Hemisphere in its (CCD) sensor chips. The overall process of designing, fabricating, second year. and testing the cameras at MIT has taken four years to "TESS is classed by NASA as an Explorer mission with very complete. focused scientific goals," Hewitt says. "It was designed to find The cameras were recently delivered to Dulles, Virginia-based exoplanets that are nearby and orbiting bright stars, so we can aerospace company Orbital ATK, where they will be integrated study them in great detail." onto the satellite. The four cameras have been mounted onto The data produced by the cameras will first be processed by the the camera plate, and successful operation with the flight spacecraft's on-board computer. They will then be transmitted computer has been demonstrated. to Earth every two weeks via the NASA Deep Space Network and The instruments have just been inspected by NASA and a group immediately forwarded to the TESS Payload Operations Center of independent technical experts, as part of a formal Systems at MIT. Integration Review of all TESS components, which they passed Provided by: Massachusetts Institute of Technology successfully. Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-08-nasa-transiting- exoplanet-survey-satellite.html#jCp Each of the four cameras has a field of view that is more than five times greater than that of the camera flown on the earlier            planet-hunting Kepler space observatory mission, according to TESS Principal Investigator George Ricker, senior research scientist at the MIT Kavli Institute. Saturn's Moon Titan May Have "The TESS four-camera ensemble instantaneously views a section of sky that is more than 20 times greater than that for Earth-Like 'Sea Level' the Kepler mission," Ricker says. "The instantaneous field of view By Samantha Mathewson, Space.com of the TESS cameras, combined with their area and detector sensitivity, is unprecedented in a space mission." A complication found in very fast wide-angle lenses, such as those in the TESS cameras, is that the image sharpness varies over the field of view, and there is no single focus, as found in more conventional cameras. Furthermore, the imaging properties change as the temperature of the cameras changes. The MIT TESS team has subjected the cameras to extended, rigorous testing in conditions designed to replicate the environment they will be subjected to in space. These tests demonstrate that the cameras perform as expected, but with a small shift in focus relative to that predicted by models. This shift results in simulated stellar images in the center of the field appearing sharper than expected, while images at the edges of the field are somewhat less sharp. However, after independently studying the effects of this shift, researchers on the MIT TESS team and at NASA both concluded that the mission will readily achieve all of its scientific goals. TESS relies on its ability to sense minute changes in stellar brightness to detect planets passing across them. The data processing is designed to correct for the variations in image Ligeia Mare, the second-largest known sea on Saturn's moon Titan, is sharpness over the field for most of the stars, and it will produce filled with liquid hydrocarbons, including methane and ethane. This false- color image comes from data collected by NASA's Cassini mission. a record of brightness over time for every star being monitored, according to Jacqueline Hewitt, director of the MIT Kavli Saturn's moon Titan and Earth are even more alike than Institute. previously thought: New research shows that the giant moon The MIT TESS team will continue to carry out long-term ground has a global sea level, just like our own planet. tests on a spare flight camera to ensure that their in-orbit Earlier observations have shown that Titan has a dense, Earth- performance is well understood. like atmosphere, as well as stable liquids on its surface — Following its launch next year, TESS will divide the sky into 26 although Titan's seas consist of hydrocarbons like methane and "stitched" sections and will point its cameras at each of these in ethane rather than water. Two new studies from Cornell 5 University have revealed yet another striking similarity between Hubble Finds Substellar Objects Earth and Titan, according to a statement from NASA. in the Orion Nebula Using data from NASA's Cassini spacecraft, the first study 16 January 2018 Astronomy Now provides the most detailed topographical map of Titan created to date. Building on this, the second study shows that Titan's largest hydrocarbon seas and lakes lie at an average elevation, or "sea level," much like bodies of water on Earth, according to the statement. Both studies were published Dec. 2 in the journal Physical Review Letters. Specifically, the topographical map revealed several new features on Titan, including mountains that stand up to 2,290 feet (700 meters) tall and depressions in equatorial regions, which researchers said could be caused by either ancient, dried seas or flows of material produced by ice volcanoes. The new map also suggests that the moon is more oblate — or flatter, rather than more spherical — than previously thought, meaning that the thickness of Titan's crust is more variable than expected, according to a statement from Cornell University. Using this new topographical information, the researchers were able to determine that Titan's largest liquid lakes and seas This image is part of a survey for low-mass follow a constant elevation relative to Titan's gravitational pull stars, brown dwarfs, and planets in the Orion Nebula. Each symbol — just like Earth's Atlantic and Pacific oceans do. identifies a pair of objects, which can be seen in the symbol’s center as a single dot of light. Special image processing techniques were used to Furthermore, the second study showed that Titan's smaller separate the starlight into a pair of objects. The thicker inner circle represents the primary body, and the thinner outer circle indicates the lakes appear at elevations several hundred feet higher than the companion. The circles are color-coded: Red for a planet; orange for a moon's sea level. This, researchers say, is also commonly seen brown dwarf; and yellow for a star. Located in the upper left corner is a on Earth. For example, Lake Titicaca in the Andes Mountains is planet-planet pair in the absence of a parent star. In the middle of the right side is a pair of brown dwarfs. The portion of the Orion Nebula measures more than 12,000 feet (3,650 m) above sea level, according to roughly 4 by 3 light-years. Credit: NASA , ESA, and G. Strampelli (STScI) the NASA statement. In an unprecedented deep survey for small, faint objects in the However, the newfound similarities between Titan and Earth Orion Nebula, using NASA’s Hubble Space don't stop there. The new study suggests that liquid bodies on Telescope have uncovered the largest known population of Titan are connected beneath the moon's surface, resembling brown dwarfs sprinkled among newborn stars. Looking in the aquifer systems seen on Earth. vicinity of the survey stars, researchers not only found several "Hydrocarbons appear to be flowing underneath Titan's surface very-low-mass brown dwarf companions, but also three giant similar to the way water flows through underground porous rock planets. They even found an example of binary planets where or gravel on Earth, so that nearby lakes communicate with each two planets orbit each other in the absence of a parent star. other and share a common liquid level," NASA officials said in Brown dwarfs are a strange class of celestial object that have the statement. masses so low that their cores never become hot enough to Follow Samantha Mathewson @Sam_Ashley13. Original article sustain nuclear fusion, which powers stars. Instead, brown on Space.com. dwarfs cool and fade as they age. Despite their low mass, brown dwarfs provide important clues to understanding how stars and

planets form, and may be among the most common objects in            our Milky Way galaxy. Located 1,350 light-years away, the Orion Nebula is a relatively nearby laboratory for studying the star formation process across a wide range, from opulent giant stars to diminutive red dwarf stars and elusive, faint brown dwarfs. This survey could only be done with Hubble’s exceptional resolution and infrared sensitivity. Because brown dwarfs are colder than stars, astronomers used Hubble to identify them by the presence of water in their atmospheres. “These are so cold that water vapor forms,” 6 explained team lead Massimo Robberto of the Space Telescope Combining the two unique techniques, imaging in the water Institute in Baltimore, Maryland. “Water is a signature of filters and high-contrast image processing, the survey provided substellar objects. It’s an amazing and very clear mark. As the an unbiased sample of newly formed low-mass sources, both masses get smaller, the stars become redder and fainter, and dispersed in the field and companions of other low-mass you need to view them in the infrared. And in infrared light, the objects. “We could reprocess the entire Hubble archive and try most prominent feature is water.” to find jewels there,” Robberto said. But hot water vapor in the atmosphere of brown dwarfs cannot The team presented their results at the 231st meeting of the be easily seen from Earth’s surface, due to the absorbing effects American Astronomical Society in Washington, D.C. of water vapor in our own atmosphere. Fortunately, Hubble is Finding the signatures of low-mass stars and their companions up above the atmosphere and has near-infrared vision that can will become much more efficient with the launch of NASA’s easily spot water on distant worlds. infrared-sensitive James Webb Space Telescope in 2019. The Hubble team identified 1,200 candidate reddish stars. They found that the stars split into two distinct populations: those with water, and those without. The bright ones with water were confirmed to be faint red dwarfs. The multitude of fainter water-rich, free-floating brown dwarfs and planets within the            Orion nebula are all new discoveries. Many stars without water were also detected, and these are background stars in the Milky Way. Their light was reddened by passing through interstellar dust, and therefore not relevant to the team’s study.

The team also looked for fainter, binary companions to these 1,200 reddish stars. Because they are so close to their primary stars, these companions are nearly impossible to discover using standard observing methods. But by using a unique, high- contrast imaging technique developed by Laurent Pueyo at the

Space Telescope Science Institute, astronomers were able to resolve faint images of a large number of candidate companions. This first analysis did not allow Hubble astronomers to determine whether these objects orbit the brighter star or if their proximity in the Hubble image is a result of chance alignment. As a consequence, they are classified as candidates for now. However, the presence of water in their atmospheres indicates that most of them cannot be misaligned stars in the galactic background, and thus must be brown dwarfs or exoplanet companions.

In all, the team found 17 candidate brown dwarf companions to red dwarf stars, one brown dwarf pair, and one brown dwarf with a planetary companion. The study also identified three potential planetary mass companions: one associated to a red dwarf, one to a brown dwarf, and one to another planet. “We experimented with a method, high-contrast imaging post processing, that astronomers have been relying on for years. We usually use it to look for very faint planets in the close vicinity of nearby stars, by painstakingly observing them one by one,” said Pueyo. “This time around, we decided to combine our algorithms with the ultra-stability of Hubble to inspect the vicinity of hundreds of very young stars in every single exposure obtained by the Orion survey. It turns out that even if we do not reach the deepest sensitivity for a single star, the sheer volume of our sample allowed us to obtain an unprecedented statistical snapshot of young exoplanets and brown dwarf companions in Orion.” 7

EAS MEMBER NEWS HOW YOU CAN HELP THE EAS EAS Benefits - Membership in the Everett Astronomical Society (EAS) Help the committee with events: Plan and includes invitations to all of the club meetings and star parties, and conduct urban/suburban sidewalk astronomy events to allow passers- entitles members to the monthly newsletter, The Stargazer. EAS is a by to experience astronomy. We are looking for multiple volunteers member of the Astronomical League and you will receive the who could help with a series of Sidewalk Astronomy sessions at a local Astronomical League's quarterly newsletter magazine, The Reflector. park or public venue. Special events like eclipse or comets especially Joining or Renewing with the EAS - draw the interest of the public. Other volunteers? Find a way to help EAS dues are $24 / year per family, payable in January. If you have not and contribute. Come up with a new idea to promote the EAS and paid your dues yet for 2014, please send or bring a check to our astronomy in your community. Treasurer to re-subscribe, to keep the club financially solvent, and to continue to receive great membership benefits. http://everettastro.org/application.htm CLUB SCOPES Send your annual dues renewals to: EAS Club Telescope Borrowing Everett Astronomical Society Being an EAS member also allows you the use of the club's telescopes, P.O. Box 13272, Mill Creek, WA 98082. including an award winning 10 inch Dobsonian mount reflector, a NEW MEMBER / BEGINNERS CLASS WITH JACK BARNES second 10” dob, or and 8” Dobsonian. SCOPES: 8-inch SkyQuest Dob 8-inch Dobsonian, 10-inch Ken Ward Dobsonian, 10-inch Sonotube Classes are as requested, please contact Jack Barnes to set up a date Dobsonian, 13-inch thin-mirror Dob. and time. Email – [email protected] EAS members: contact Ron Tam, (360) 568-5152 , to borrow a scope for up to 60 days.

$$ - FINANCIAL HEALTH - $$ FROM THE EDITOR'S TERMINAL We try to keep approximately a $500 balance level to allow for contingencies. Our Treasurer is Roger Meisner, who can accept dues Any content you have, such as ads, ASTRO-Images, observing payments at our meetings, or from checks mailed to our PO Box. Funds reports, announcements, suggestions, or literary works, etc., obtained from membership dues allows the EAS to publish the can be e-mailed to the editor for inclusion into the Stargazer. Stargazer newsletter, pay Astronomical League dues, pay insurance, Please contact Mark Folkerts by e-mail ([email protected]) host a web site, and maintain our library. or Mark Simonson ([email protected] )

8 The Star Gazer P.O. Box 13272 Mill Creek, WA 98082

In January’s StarGazer: **** Astro Calendar -- Upcoming Astronomy and EAS Events **** Star Party Calendar for 2018 **** Observer's Information - , Moon, and Planet Visibility **** TESS Mission to Discover New Planets **** Saturn's Moon Titan May Have Earth-Like 'Sea Level' **** Hubble Finds Substellar objects in the Orion Nebula

What are you currently observing?

I would love to add a section about whom is observing what and how they are progressing. Also any observing reports or field trips (astronomy related) would be fantastic. – Mark Simonson Please send them to Mark Simonson at [email protected]

Next EAS meeting is Saturday February 10th at 3:00 pm at Evergreen Branch Library in the meeting room.