Self-Reliance of Refugees in Uganda: a Comparison of Bidibidi and Nakivale Refugee Settlement ______
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
MASTER THESIS ____________________________________________________________ Self-Reliance of Refugees in Uganda: A Comparison of Bidibidi and Nakivale Refugee Settlement ____________________________________________________ submitted by Luisa Kunst Student ID number: 848640 Date: 24th March 2020 Master Thesis 1st supervisor: Anna-Mara Schön 2nd supervisor: Prof. Dr. Almut Zwengel Confidentiality Clause This master thesis contains confidential data of the dissertation written by Anna-Mara Schön (2020) on the topic of ‘Assessing the level of self-reliance and livelihood of encamped refugees focusing on Syrian refugees in Jordan’. Third parties - with the exception of the thesis supervisor and authorized examining persons - may not access this work without the express permission of the aforementioned author. The information contained in this document may not be disclosed publically until 01.01.2021. Table of content List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... III List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................... V List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... VI 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Problem Description and Research Objective ......................................................................... 1 1.2 Structure of Research .............................................................................................................. 2 2 Literature review ............................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Refugee Research in Sub-Saharan Africa ............................................................................... 4 2.1.1 Refugee Studies on Sub-Saharan Africa ......................................................................... 4 2.1.2 The Importance of Self-Reliance of Refugees ...............................................................11 2.2 Measuring Self-Reliance: The Need for Performance Measurement .................................... 13 2.3 Context Uganda ..................................................................................................................... 14 2.3.1 Country Profile ................................................................................................................14 2.3.2 The Refugee Situation in Uganda ..................................................................................16 3 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................19 4 Case Study: A Comparison of Two Ugandan Refugee Settlements..............................................21 4.1 Bidibidi Refugee Settlement – Profile ..................................................................................... 21 4.2 Nakivale Refugee Settlement – Profile .................................................................................. 23 4.3 Comparison of the Settlements and Interpretation of Results ............................................... 27 4.3.1 Self-Reliance in Bidibidi and Nakivale Refugee Settlement: Findings from the CPI ......27 4.3.2 Focus on Uganda-Specific Factors ................................................................................55 4.3.3 Focus on other Factors ..................................................................................................60 5 Discussion ......................................................................................................................................66 6 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................78 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................ VI Appendix .............................................................................................................................................. XIX II List of Figures Figure 1: Location and population size of refugee settlements in Uganda ............................................18 Figure 2: Location of Bidibidi and Nakivale refugee settlement .............................................................21 Figure 3: Countries of origin of refugees in Bidibidi ...............................................................................23 Figure 4: Countries of origin of refugees in Nakivale .............................................................................23 Figure 5: Refugee population share of the national refugee population and on the hosting district population ...............................................................................................................................................24 Figure 6: Map of Bidibidi refugee settlement..........................................................................................25 Figure 7: Map of Nakivale refugee settlement .......................................................................................26 Figure 8: Age groups of refugee population ...........................................................................................27 Figure 9: Share of children in the refugee population ............................................................................27 Figure 11: Gender distribution by age group of the refugee population ................................................28 Figure 10: Household head by gender ...................................................................................................28 Figure 12: Refugee households with at least one member being disabled or an unaccompanied or separated child .......................................................................................................................................28 Figure 13: Year of arrival of Nakivale's refugee population ...................................................................29 Figure 14: Time of arrival of refugees at the settlement ........................................................................29 Figure 15: Gross enrolment rates of refugee children pre-primary, primary and secondary education 31 Figure 16: Number of schools for pre-primary, primary and secondary education ................................31 Figure 17: Major barriers to education ...................................................................................................33 Figure 18: Most common health issues of refugee households.............................................................34 Figure 19: Daily water availability for refugee households .....................................................................35 Figure 20: Primary source of water for household needs ......................................................................36 Figure 21: Distance of households to the nearest water source in Bidibidi ...........................................36 Figure 22: Queuing times of households at water sources in Bidibidi ...................................................36 Figure 23: Households facing challenges to water access ....................................................................37 Figure 24: Barriers to access healthcare ...............................................................................................37 Figure 25: Livelihood challenges perceived by refugee households .....................................................40 Figure 26: Most popular sources of income ...........................................................................................42 Figure 27: Monthly household income ...................................................................................................43 Figure 28: Monthly household income ...................................................................................................43 Figure 29: Households possessing property and using property for commercial purposes ..................44 Figure 30: Primary food sources of refugee households .......................................................................45 Figure 31: Major sources of borrowing ...................................................................................................46 Figure 32: Households borrowing money by source ..............................................................................47 Figure 33: Participation rates of refugee households in livelihood groups ............................................48 Figure 34: Land cultivation and harvest sufficiency for household food needs .....................................55 Figure 35: Food Consumption Scores of refugees by time of residence in the settlement ...................56 Figure 36: Reasons of refugee households for not cultivating lands .....................................................56 Figure 37: Average monthly income by economic activity .....................................................................60 III Figure 38: Major livelihoods of refugee nationalities in rural Ugandan settlements ..............................61 Figure 39: Mean years of schooling by nationality .................................................................................62