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Syllidae (Annelida) De Ilhas Oceânicas Brasileiras

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Syllidae (Annelida) De Ilhas Oceânicas Brasileiras Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Biologia Syllidae (Annelida) de ilhas oceânicas brasileiras Rodolfo Leandro Nascimento Silva Rio de Janeiro Agosto de 2019 i Rodolfo Leandro Nascimento Silva Syllidae (Annelida) de ilhas oceânicas brasileiras Syllidae (Annelida) from Brazilian oceanic islands Tese apresentada ao programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de doutor Ciências Biológicas (Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva), Orientador: Dr. Paulo Cesar de Paiva Coorientador: Dr. Marcelo Veronesi Fukuda Rio de Janeiro Agosto de 2019 ii Nascimento, Rodolfo Leandro Syllidae (Annelida) de ilhas oceânicas brasileiras / Rodolfo Leandro Nascimento Silva. Rio de Janeiro: UFRJ/IB – 2019 ix + 274 fls Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva), 2019. Orientador: Paulo Cesar de Paiva Coorientador: Marcelo Veronesi Fukuda 1. Taxonomia. 2. Polychaeta. 3.Espécies novas. I. Paiva, Paulo Cesar. II. Universidade federal do Rio de Janeiro. Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva). III. Syllidae (Annelida) de ilhas oceânicas brasileiras. iii Syllidae (Annelida) de ilhas oceânicas brasileiras Rodolfo Leandro Nascimento Silva Orientador: Dr. Paulo Cesar de Paiva Coorientador: Dr. Marcelo Veronesi Fukuda Tese apresentada ao programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de doutor Ciências Biológicas (Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva), Data: 15/08/2019 Banca Examinadora: _____________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Paulo César de Paiva (UFRJ) – Presidente _____________________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Alexandra Elaine Rizzo (UERJ) – Membro titular _____________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Romulo Barroso Baptista (UFRRJ) – Membro titular _____________________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Cynthia Simone Gomes dos Santos (UFF) – Membro titular _____________________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Joana Zanol Pinheiro da Silva (MNRJ) – Membro titular _____________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. José Ricardo Miras Mermudes (UFRJ) – Membro suplente _____________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Carlos Renato Rezende Ventura (MNRJ) – Membro suplente Rio de Janeiro / Agosto 2019 iv AGRADECIMENTOS Na realização de qualquer trabalho acadêmico, de qualquer forma, sempre se deve muito a diversas pessoas. Posso ser injusto por tentar listá-las em um espaço menor do que o de todo esta Tese de Doutorado, mas, de qualquer maneira, deixo aqui meu agradecimento para todos os que colaboraram na realização deste trabalho. Ao Prof. Dr. Paulo Cesar de Paiva, por ter aceitado me orientar, aberto às portas de seu laboratório e ter acreditado em mim desde o primeiro contato. Gratidão pela orientação, ensinamentos, discussões e claro, pela sua amizade; Ao Prof. Dr. Marcelo Fukuda, pela Coorientação, pela ajuda, que desde 2011, quando pedi “um pdf” de sua tese, obrigado luz no túnel do Syllidae; por aceitar me tirar minhas dúvidas nas identificações, pelas correções, pela calma tão característica que transmite, e pela sua amizade; À CAPES pela Bolsa concedida durante os quatro anos de doutorado. Ao programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva pelos auxílios durante o Doutorado. Sobretudo, ao técnico administrativo Heber! Ao Laboratório de Polychaeta-UFRJ e todos os amigos que fiz: Victor, Renata, Ricardo, Gustavo, Raquel, Gi, Leo, Stephanie, Natália, André. Obrigado!!! Ao LABIM-UFRJ pela utilização do MEV, em especial ao Prof. Inácio e ao técnico Marcelo pela operação do equipamento e pela disposição em ajudar. Ao MZUSP, pela utilização do MEV, e à técnica Lara Guimarães, pela operação do equipamento. Ao Grupo de Estudos Maracatu Baques do Pina, e a todos os amigos que fiz nesse período em que estive com vocês. À Maria Luiza, Malu, minha companheira de todas as horas. Obrigado pela sua paciência e pelo seu amor! À minha família, sobretudo, a minha mãe e minha tia e tio, Luciene, Cícera e Anildo, por todo o apoio. Meus irmãos Matheus e Leonardo, cada um no seu momento e do seu jeito a me lembrar a razão pela qual vale a pena continuar a cada dia. A minha avó Benedita que está sempre junto comigo, obrigado pelos ensinamentos sobre os caminhos dessa vida. v Esta dissertação não constitui publicação no sentido do artigo 9 do ICZN e, portanto, quaisquer atos nomenclaturais nela contidos tornam-se sem efeito para princípios de prioridades e de homonímia. This dissertation should not be considered as a publication in the sense of the article 9 of the ICZN, therefore, any nomenclatural acts herein proposed are considered void for the principles of priority and homonymy. vi RESUMO A família Syllidae é uma das mais importantes dentro dos anelídeos com mais de 700 espécies descritas. Esta família pode ser encontrada em grande abundância em praticamente em todos os ambientes marinhos. Existem formas planctônicas (epítocas) ou bentônicas, vivendo nos mais variados habitats, desde a meiofauna arenosa até a criptofauna de diversos organismos. No Brasil já foram verificadas 152 espécies, das quais 98 foram formalmente publicadas. Quase a totalidade dessas espécies foram registradas em regiões costeiras, enquanto somente cinco espécies insulares são conhecidas, e apenas para o Atol das Rocas. Esta Tese objetivou realizar um levantamento taxonômico da família Syllidae nas ilhas oceânicas brasileiras. Foi utilizado material previamente coletado no Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, Atol das Rocas já depositado na Coleção do Museu Nacional – MNRJ. Material proveniente da Ilha de Trindade, coletado no âmbito do Projeto PROTindade, e disponibilizado pela MZUSP. Adicionalmente novas coletas foram realizadas em 2016, em locais ainda não estudados, como Fernando de Noronha. Como resultados foram encontradas 38 espécies de Syllidae. Das espécies encontradas, quarto são da subfamília Autolytinae; cinco espécies são da subfamília Eusyllinae, e duas espécies novas dos gêneros Brevicirrosyllis e Westheidysyllis com posição incerta dentro da família. Na subfamília Exogoninae nove espécies foram encontradas, das quais, quatro são propostas como novas espécies. Pertencentes à subfamília Syllinae, foram encontradas 18 espécies, das quais 6 são propostas aqui como novas espécies. Ao todo 12 espécies foram propostas como novas para a ciência, além de novos quatro novos registros para o Atlântico Sul. Os resultados obtidos com a execução dessa Tese demonstram a importância da prospecção em locais ainda pouco estudados. Palavras-chave: Taxonomia, Polychaeta, Espécies novas. vii ABSTRACT The family Syllidae is one of the most important within annelids with over 700 described species. This family can be found in great abundance in virtually every marine environment. There are planktonic and benthic forms, living in the most varied habitats, from the sandy bottoms to the associated with various organisms. In Brazil, 152 species have already been verified, of which 98 were formally published. Almost all of these species were recorded in coastal regions, while only 5 island species are known, and only for Rocas Atoll. This thesis aimed to carry out a taxonomic survey of Syllidae in the Brazilian oceanic islands. Material previously collected from the São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago and Rocas Atoll already deposited in the Collection of the Museu Nacional-MNRJ; material from Trindade Island, was collected under the PROTindade Project, as well as new samples were taken in places not yet studied, as Fernando de Noronha island. As results were examined 3.823 specimens, distributed in 38 species of Syllidae. Of the species found, four are from the subfamily Autolytinae; five species of the subfamily Eusyllinae, and two new species of the “incertis sedis” genera Brevicirrosyllis and Westheidesyllis. In the subfamily Exogoninae nine species were found, four of which are proposed as new species; Finally, belonging to the subfamily Syllinae were found 18 species, of which 6 are proposed here as new species. 12 species were proposed as new to science, as well as four are new records for the South Atlantic. The results obtained with the execution of this thesis demonstrate the importance of prospecting in places poorly known. Keywords: Taxonomy, Polychaeta, New species. viii SUMÁRIO 1. Introdução Geral 1.1. Histórico da sistemática de Syllidae......................................................................2 1.2. Morfologia............................................................................................................6 1.3. Aspectos reprodutivos ........................................................................................13 1.4. Materiais e Métodos............................................................................................16 1.5. Diversidade de Syllidae em águas brasileiras......................................................17 1.6. Objetivos............................................................................................................18
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