How Do You Get to Albireo? a While Back I Spent a Couple of Years Teaching Physics in Africa, As a Volunteer with the US Peace Corps

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

How Do You Get to Albireo? a While Back I Spent a Couple of Years Teaching Physics in Africa, As a Volunteer with the US Peace Corps Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-15397-3 - Turn Left at Orion: Hundreds of Night Sky Objects to See in a Home Telescope – And How to Find Them: Fourth Edition Guy Consolmagno and Dan M. Davis Excerpt More information 4 How do you get to Albireo? A while back I spent a couple of years teaching physics in Africa, as a volunteer with the US Peace Corps. At one point during my service I had to return to the US for a How do month, and while I was home I visited with my friend Dan in New York City. We got to talking about the beautiful dark skies in Africa, and the boundless curiosity of my students about things astronomical … and so that afternoon we went into Manhattan you get to and, with Dan’s advice, I bought a little telescope to take back with me to Kenya. Dan was far more excited about my purchase than I was. He’d been an avid amateur astronomer since he was a little kid, something of an achievement when Albireo? you’re growing up in the grimier parts of Yonkers and your eyesight is so bad you can start fires with your glasses. And he was just drooling over some of the things I’d be able to see in Africa. I didn’t really understand it, at first. You see, when I was a kid I’d had a telescope, too, a little two-inch refractor that I had bought with trading stamps. I remembered looking at the Moon; and I knew how to find Jupiter and Saturn. But after that, I had sort of run out of things to look at. Those glorious color pictures of nebulae that you see in the glossy magazines? They’re all taken with huge telescopes, after all. I knew my little telescope couldn’t show me anything like that, even if I knew where to look. And of course I didn’t know where to look, anyway. But now here was Dan getting all worked up about my new telescope, and the thought that I’d be taking it back to Africa, land of dark skies and southern stars. There were plenty of great things to look at, he insisted. He gave me a star atlas, and a pile of books listing double stars and clusters and galaxies. Could it be that I could really see some of these things with my little telescope? Well, the books he gave me were a big disappointment. At first, I couldn’t make heads or tails of their directions. And even when I did figure them out, they all seemed to assume that I had a telescope with at least a six-inch mirror or lens. There was no way of telling which, of all the objects they listed, I might be able to see with my little three-incher. Finally, Dan went out with me one night. “Let’s look at Albireo,” he said. I’d never heard of Albireo. “It’s just over here,” he said. “Point it this way, zip, and there you are.” “Neat!” I said. “A double star! You can actually see both of them!” “And look at the colors,” he said. “Wow … one of them’s yellow, and the other’s blue. What a contrast.” “Isn’t that great?” he said. “Now let’s go on to the double-double.” And so it went for the next hour. Eventually it occurred to me that all of the books in the world weren’t as good as having a friend next to you to point out what to look for, and how to find it. Unfortunately, I couldn’t take Dan back to Africa with me. I suspect the problem is not that unusual. Every year, thousands of telescopes are sold, used once or twice to look at the Moon, and then they wind up gathering dust in the attic. It’s not that people aren’t interested – but on any given night there may be 2,000 stars visible to the naked eye, and 1,900 of them are pretty boring to look at in a small telescope. You have to know where to look, to find the interesting double stars and variables, or the nebulae and clusters that are fun to see in a small telescope but invisible to the naked eye. The standard observer’s guides can seem just incom- prehensible. Why should you have to fight with technical coordinate systems? All I wanted to do was point the tele- scope “up” some night and be able to say, “Hey, would you look at this!” It’s for people who are like I was when I was starting out, the casual observers who’d like to have fun with their telescopes without committing themselves to hours of tech- nical details, that we decided to write Turn Left at Orion. — Guy Consolmagno (Easton, Pennsylvania; 1988) © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-15397-3 - Turn Left at Orion: Hundreds of Night Sky Objects to See in a Home Telescope – And How to Find Them: Fourth Edition Guy Consolmagno and Dan M. Davis Excerpt More information How do you get to Albireo? 5 Introduction to the Fourth Edition: A lot has happened in the quarter century since Dan first showed me Albireo. Back then, we would have to tip-toe when coming in late, so as not to wake up his kids; Dan and Léonie’s babies are grown up now, almost as old as we were when we first started working on this book. In 1983, I had given up a research job at MIT to join the Peace Corps; in 1989, I gave up a professorship at Lafayette College to enter the Jesuits, who assigned me to the Vatican Observatory in Rome. For the last 20 years I’ve been doing full-time research again … and still traveling. I also still have my 90-mm scope. But now I get to observe with the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope on Mt. Graham, Arizona – a 1.8-meter reflector whose optics and controls, including the world’s first large spin-cast mirror, are test beds for the telescopes of the twenty-first century. And I’ve gotten to use bigger tele- scopes, including the 10-meter Keck in Hawaii. Dan, more modestly, has upgraded to a Schmidt–Cassegrain 8" and a 10" Dobsonian. It’s not only our personal lives that have changed. In the last twenty-five years, major developments have occurred in the world of amateur astronomy. Amateur telescopes have changed: the Dobsonian design has put 8" mirrors in the price range of nearly everyone. Meanwhile, computer-controlled production techniques have made small catadioptrics better than ever, while holding the line on prices. So why settle for a little three-incher any more? Personal computers, and the astronomy software that runs on them, have changed the way most of us find objects in the nighttime sky. For the first edition, we drew our star charts by hand, in ink; now we are also guided by Voyager and Starry Night for finding star positions. You can use your PC to look up the positions of comets, asteroids, and the outer planets and print out customized finder charts for your ob- serving location. In fact, you can buy a computer-controlled telescope; just punch in some numbers, and the scope slews itself to the pre-programmed object. With all this convenience, who needs a book? And finally, if you really want to see spectacular astronomical sights you can just log on to the Internet. So, for that matter, who needs a telescope at all? And yet … there we were last night, peering at double stars with both an 8" Dobsonian and my old 3" Cat. The Dobsonian showed us some glorious sights; it’s no wonder they’re so popular. Still, for the sheer fun of the hunt, not to mention portability to dark sites, it’s hard to beat a three-incher! With that in mind, we’ve taken advantage of this new edition to completely revisit our favorites from twenty-five years ago. Everything in this book has been re-observed, with both a small Cat and a Dob. We include a number of additional objects for people with Dobsonians, telescopes larger than we had envisioned in our earlier editions. This includes many new “neighborhood” objects, including objects that are beyond the typical 3" but within the range of a Dob. And we’ve added telescope views oriented for how they’d look in a Dob, with more detail and in the mirror image of our original telescope views. To accommodate the extra images, our editors at Cambridge University Press have given us bigger pages for this edition, not to mention a spiral binding. Now your grass stains can extend across the entire page! We’ve re-ordered the spreads, and re-written the finding directions … in twenty- five years, light pollution has gotten worse (and my eyes, older) – I find it’s harder to see some of those dim stars we used to use for star-hopping. We’ve updated the planet and eclipse tables, of course; and we’ve noted new posi- tions for double stars that have moved in their orbits since the first edition came out. And we’ve gone back to the southern hemisphere to re-observe and expand our list of deep-sky objects visible only from that part of the world that it would be a crime to miss for anyone living or visiting there.
Recommended publications
  • FY08 Technical Papers by GSMTPO Staff
    AURA/NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008 Submitted to the National Science Foundation July 23, 2008 Revised as Complete and Submitted December 23, 2008 NGC 660, ~13 Mpc from the Earth, is a peculiar, polar ring galaxy that resulted from two galaxies colliding. It consists of a nearly edge-on disk and a strongly warped outer disk. Image Credit: T.A. Rector/University of Alaska, Anchorage NATIONAL OPTICAL ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008 Submitted to the National Science Foundation December 23, 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 1 1 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS ..................................................................................... 2 1.1 Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory...................................................................................... 2 The Once and Future Supernova η Carinae...................................................................................................... 2 A Stellar Merger and a Missing White Dwarf.................................................................................................. 3 Imaging the COSMOS...................................................................................................................................... 3 The Hubble Constant from a Gravitational Lens.............................................................................................. 4 A New Dwarf Nova in the Period Gap............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • BRAS Newsletter August 2013
    www.brastro.org August 2013 Next meeting Aug 12th 7:00PM at the HRPO Dark Site Observing Dates: Primary on Aug. 3rd, Secondary on Aug. 10th Photo credit: Saturn taken on 20” OGS + Orion Starshoot - Ben Toman 1 What's in this issue: PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE....................................................................................................................3 NOTES FROM THE VICE PRESIDENT ............................................................................................4 MESSAGE FROM THE HRPO …....................................................................................................5 MONTHLY OBSERVING NOTES ....................................................................................................6 OUTREACH CHAIRPERSON’S NOTES .........................................................................................13 MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION .......................................................................................................14 2 PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE Hi Everyone, I hope you’ve been having a great Summer so far and had luck beating the heat as much as possible. The weather sure hasn’t been cooperative for observing, though! First I have a pretty cool announcement. Thanks to the efforts of club member Walt Cooney, there are 5 newly named asteroids in the sky. (53256) Sinitiere - Named for former BRAS Treasurer Bob Sinitiere (74439) Brenden - Named for founding member Craig Brenden (85878) Guzik - Named for LSU professor T. Greg Guzik (101722) Pursell - Named for founding member Wally Pursell
    [Show full text]
  • The Evening Sky Map a DECEMBER 2018 N
    I N E D R I A C A S T N E O D I T A C L E O R N I G D S T S H A E P H M O O R C I . Z N O n i f d o P t o ) l a h O N r g i u s , o Z l t P h I C e r o N R ( I o r R r O e t p h C H p i L S t D E E a g r i . H ( B T F e O h T NORTH D R t h N e M e E s A G X O U e A H m M C T i . I n P i N d S L E E m P Z “ e E A N Dipper t e H O NORTHERN HEMISPHERE o M T R r T The Big The N Y s H h . E r o ” E K Alcor & e w ) t W S . s e . T u r T Mizar l E U p W C B e R e a N l W D k b E s T u T MAJOR W H o o The Evening Sky Map A DECEMBER 2018 n E C D O t FREE* EACH MONTH FOR YOU TO EXPLORE, LEARN & ENJOY THE NIGHT SKY URSA S e L h K h e t Y E m R d M A n o A a r Thuban S SKY MAP SHOWS HOW P Get Sky Calendar on Twitter n T 1 i n C A 3 E g R M J http://twitter.com/skymaps O Sky Calendar – December 2018 o d B THE NIGHT SKY LOOKS U M13 f n O N i D “ f L D e T DRACO A o c NE O I t I e T EARLY DEC PM T 8 m P t S i 3 Moon near Spica (morning sky) at 9h UT.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Astronomy from Darkness to Blazing Glory
    Introduction to Astronomy From Darkness to Blazing Glory Published by JAS Educational Publications Copyright Pending 2010 JAS Educational Publications All rights reserved. Including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Second Edition Author: Jeffrey Wright Scott Photographs and Diagrams: Credit NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USGS, NOAA, Aames Research Center JAS Educational Publications 2601 Oakdale Road, H2 P.O. Box 197 Modesto California 95355 1-888-586-6252 Website: http://.Introastro.com Printing by Minuteman Press, Berkley, California ISBN 978-0-9827200-0-4 1 Introduction to Astronomy From Darkness to Blazing Glory The moon Titan is in the forefront with the moon Tethys behind it. These are two of many of Saturn’s moons Credit: Cassini Imaging Team, ISS, JPL, ESA, NASA 2 Introduction to Astronomy Contents in Brief Chapter 1: Astronomy Basics: Pages 1 – 6 Workbook Pages 1 - 2 Chapter 2: Time: Pages 7 - 10 Workbook Pages 3 - 4 Chapter 3: Solar System Overview: Pages 11 - 14 Workbook Pages 5 - 8 Chapter 4: Our Sun: Pages 15 - 20 Workbook Pages 9 - 16 Chapter 5: The Terrestrial Planets: Page 21 - 39 Workbook Pages 17 - 36 Mercury: Pages 22 - 23 Venus: Pages 24 - 25 Earth: Pages 25 - 34 Mars: Pages 34 - 39 Chapter 6: Outer, Dwarf and Exoplanets Pages: 41-54 Workbook Pages 37 - 48 Jupiter: Pages 41 - 42 Saturn: Pages 42 - 44 Uranus: Pages 44 - 45 Neptune: Pages 45 - 46 Dwarf Planets, Plutoids and Exoplanets: Pages 47 -54 3 Chapter 7: The Moons: Pages: 55 - 66 Workbook Pages 49 - 56 Chapter 8: Rocks and Ice:
    [Show full text]
  • SEPTEMBER 2014 OT H E D Ebn V E R S E R V ESEPTEMBERR 2014
    THE DENVER OBSERVER SEPTEMBER 2014 OT h e D eBn v e r S E R V ESEPTEMBERR 2014 FROM THE INSIDE LOOKING OUT Calendar Taken on July 25th in San Luis State Park near the Great Sand Dunes in Colorado, Jeff made this image of the Milky Way during an overnight camping stop on the way to Santa Fe, NM. It was taken with a Canon 2............................. First quarter moon 60D camera, an EFS 15-85 lens, using an iOptron SkyTracker. It is a single frame, with no stacking or dark/ 8.......................................... Full moon bias frames, at ISO 1600 for two minutes. Visible in this south-facing photograph is Sagittarius, and the 14............ Aldebaran 1.4˚ south of moon Dark Horse Nebula inside of the Milky Way. He processed the image in Adobe Lightroom. Image © Jeff Tropeano 15............................ Last quarter moon 22........................... Autumnal Equinox 24........................................ New moon Inside the Observer SEPTEMBER SKIES by Dennis Cochran ygnus the Swan dives onto center stage this other famous deep-sky object is the Veil Nebula, President’s Message....................... 2 C month, almost overhead. Leading the descent also known as the Cygnus Loop, a supernova rem- is the nose of the swan, the star known as nant so large that its separate arcs were known Society Directory.......................... 2 Albireo, a beautiful multi-colored double. One and named before it was found to be one wide Schedule of Events......................... 2 wonders if Albireo has any planets from which to wisp that came out of a single star. The Veil is see the pair up-close.
    [Show full text]
  • The Midnight Sky: Familiar Notes on the Stars and Planets, Edward Durkin, July 15, 1869 a Good Way to Start – Find North
    The expression "dog days" refers to the period from July 3 through Aug. 11 when our brightest night star, SIRIUS (aka the dog star), rises in conjunction* with the sun. Conjunction, in astronomy, is defined as the apparent meeting or passing of two celestial bodies. TAAS Fabulous Fifty A program for those new to astronomy Friday Evening, July 20, 2018, 8:00 pm All TAAS and other new and not so new astronomers are welcome. What is the TAAS Fabulous 50 Program? It is a set of 4 meetings spread across a calendar year in which a beginner to astronomy learns to locate 50 of the most prominent night sky objects visible to the naked eye. These include stars, constellations, asterisms, and Messier objects. Methodology 1. Meeting dates for each season in year 2018 Winter Jan 19 Spring Apr 20 Summer Jul 20 Fall Oct 19 2. Locate the brightest and easiest to observe stars and associated constellations 3. Add new prominent constellations for each season Tonight’s Schedule 8:00 pm – We meet inside for a slide presentation overview of the Summer sky. 8:40 pm – View night sky outside The Midnight Sky: Familiar Notes on the Stars and Planets, Edward Durkin, July 15, 1869 A Good Way to Start – Find North Polaris North Star Polaris is about the 50th brightest star. It appears isolated making it easy to identify. Circumpolar Stars Polaris Horizon Line Albuquerque -- 35° N Circumpolar Stars Capella the Goat Star AS THE WORLD TURNS The Circle of Perpetual Apparition for Albuquerque Deneb 1 URSA MINOR 2 3 2 URSA MAJOR & Vega BIG DIPPER 1 3 Draco 4 Camelopardalis 6 4 Deneb 5 CASSIOPEIA 5 6 Cepheus Capella the Goat Star 2 3 1 Draco Ursa Minor Ursa Major 6 Camelopardalis 4 Cassiopeia 5 Cepheus Clock and Calendar A single map of the stars can show the places of the stars at different hours and months of the year in consequence of the earth’s two primary movements: Daily Clock The rotation of the earth on it's own axis amounts to 360 degrees in 24 hours, or 15 degrees per hour (360/24).
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture Notes 13: Double Stars and the Detection of Planets More Than Half of All Stars Are in Double Star Or in Multiple Star Systems
    Lecture notes 13: Double stars and the detection of planets More than half of all stars are in double star or in multiple star systems. This fact gives important clues on how stars form, but can also has the important consequence that it allows us to measure stellar masses. Double star types Double stars are conveniently subdivided into classes based on how they are observed: Optical double stars are stars that coincidentally lie on the same line of • sight as seen from the Earth. There are actually quite few of these, most stars that seem to lie close to each other are really double stars, they orbit each other. Visual double stars are doubles that can be separated either visually or • with a telescope. Their orbital period can vary from some years to more than a millennium. Spectroscopic double stars are stars that cannot be separated with a • telescope, but are discovered through studies of the stars’ spectral lines which will indicate periodic radial motions through doppler shifts of the spectral lines. Eclipsing binaries are double stars in which the orbital plane of obser- • vation is such that the stars periodically shadow for each other, leading to a periodic variation in the intensity of the combined flux from the stars. A famous naked eye example is the star Algol in Perseus. Astrometric double stars are stars where only one component is visible, • but that component periodically changes position on the sky due to its orbital motion around its companion. A famous example is Sirius in Canis Minor which has a white dwarf as companion, Sirius B, which is only 1/5000 as luminous as Sirius A.
    [Show full text]
  • An October 2003 Amateur Observation of HD 209458B
    Tsunami 3-2004 A Shadow over Oxie Anders Nyholm A shadow over Oxie – An October 2003 amateur observation of HD 209458b Anders Nyholm Rymdgymnasiet Kiruna, Sweden April 2004 Tsunami 3-2004 A Shadow over Oxie Anders Nyholm Abstract This paper describes a photometry observation by an amateur astronomer of a transit of the extrasolar planet HD 209458b across its star on the 26th of October 2003. A description of the telescope, CCD imager, software and method used is provided. The preparations leading to the transit observation are described, along with a chronology. The results of the observation (in the form of a time-magnitude diagram) is reproduced, investigated and discussed. It is concluded that the HD 209458b transit most probably was observed. A number of less successful attempts at observing HD 209458b transits in August and October 2003 are also described. A general introduction describes the development in astronomy leading to observations of extrasolar planets in general and amateur observations of extrasolar planets in particular. Tsunami 3-2004 A Shadow over Oxie Anders Nyholm Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Background 3 2.1 Transit pre-history: Mercury and Venus 3 2.2 Extrasolar planets: a brief history 4 2.3 Early photometry proposals 6 2.4 HD 209458b: discovery and study 6 2.5 Stellar characteristics of HD 209458 6 2.6 Characteristics of HD 209458b 7 3. Observations 7 3.1 Observatory, equipment and software 7 3.2 Test observation of SAO 42275 on the 14th of April 2003 7 3.3 Selection of candidate transits 7 3.4 Test observation and transit observation attempts in August 2003 8 3.5 Transit observation attempt on the 12th of October 2003 8 3.6 Transit observation attempt on the 26th of October 2003 8 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Coronal Activity Cycles in 61 Cygni
    A&A 460, 261–267 (2006) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20065459 & c ESO 2006 Astrophysics Coronal activity cycles in 61 Cygni A. Hempelmann1, J. Robrade1,J.H.M.M.Schmitt1,F.Favata2,S.L.Baliunas3, and J. C. Hall4 1 Universität Hamburg, Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany e-mail: [email protected] 2 Astrophysics Division – Research and Science Support Department of ESA, ESTEC, Postbus 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands 3 Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA 4 Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA Received 19 April 2006 / Accepted 25 July 2006 ABSTRACT Context. While the existence of stellar analogues of the 11 years solar activity cycle is proven for dozens of stars from optical observations of chromospheric activity, the observation of clearly cyclical coronal activity is still in its infancy. Aims. In this paper, long-term X-ray monitoring of the binary 61 Cygni is used to investigate possible coronal activity cycles in moderately active stars. Methods. We are monitoring both stellar components, a K5V (A) and a K7V (B) star, of 61 Cyg with XMM-Newton. The first four years of these observations are combined with ROSAT HRI observations of an earlier monitoring campaign. The X-ray light curves are compared with the long-term monitoring of chromospheric activity, as measured by the Mt.Wilson CaII H+K S -index. Results. Besides the observation of variability on short time scales, long-term variations of the X-ray activity are clearly present. For 61 Cyg A we find a coronal cycle which clearly reflects the well-known and distinct chromospheric activity cycle.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Easy Double Stars for Winter and Spring  = Easy  = Not Too Difficult  = Difficult but Possible
    List of Easy Double Stars for Winter and Spring = easy = not too difficult = difficult but possible 1. Sigma Cassiopeiae (STF 3049). 23 hr 59.0 min +55 deg 45 min This system is tight but very beautiful. Use a high magnification (150x or more). Primary: 5.2, yellow or white Seconary: 7.2 (3.0″), blue 2. Eta Cassiopeiae (Achird, STF 60). 00 hr 49.1 min +57 deg 49 min This is a multiple system with many stars, but I will restrict myself to the brightest one here. Primary: 3.5, yellow. Secondary: 7.4 (13.2″), purple or brown 3. 65 Piscium (STF 61). 00 hr 49.9 min +27 deg 43 min Primary: 6.3, yellow Secondary: 6.3 (4.1″), yellow 4. Psi-1 Piscium (STF 88). 01 hr 05.7 min +21 deg 28 min This double forms a T-shaped asterism with Psi-2, Psi-3 and Chi Piscium. Psi-1 is the uppermost of the four. Primary: 5.3, yellow or white Secondary: 5.5 (29.7), yellow or white 5. Zeta Piscium (STF 100). 01 hr 13.7 min +07 deg 35 min Primary: 5.2, white or yellow Secondary: 6.3, white or lilac (or blue) 6. Gamma Arietis (Mesarthim, STF 180). 01 hr 53.5 min +19 deg 18 min “The Ram’s Eyes” Primary: 4.5, white Secondary: 4.6 (7.5″), white 7. Lambda Arietis (H 5 12). 01 hr 57.9 min +23 deg 36 min Primary: 4.8, white or yellow Secondary: 6.7 (37.1″), silver-white or blue 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Milan Dimitrijevic Avgust.Qxd
    1. M. Platiša, M. Popović, M. Dimitrijević, N. Konjević: 1975, Z. Fur Natur- forsch. 30a, 212 [A 1].* 1. Griem, H. R.: 1975, Stark Broadening, Adv. Atom. Molec. Phys. 11, 331. 2. Platiša, M., Popović, M. V., Konjević, N.: 1975, Stark broadening of O II and O III lines, Astron. Astrophys. 45, 325. 3. Konjević, N., Wiese, W. L.: 1976, Experimental Stark widths and shifts for non-hydrogenic spectral lines of ionized atoms, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 5, 259. 4. Hey, J. D.: 1977, On the Stark broadening of isolated lines of F (II) and Cl (III) by plasmas, JQSRT 18, 649. 5. Hey, J. D.: 1977, Estimates of Stark broadening of some Ar III and Ar IV lines, JQSRT 17, 729. 6. Hey, J. D.: Breger, P.: 1980, Stark broadening of isolated lines emitted by singly - ionized tin, JQSRT 23, 311. 7. Hey, J. D.: Breger, P.: 1981, Stark broadening of isolated ion lines by plas- mas: Application of theory, in Spectral Line Shapes I, ed. B. Wende, W. de Gruyter, 201. 8. Сыркин, М. И.: 1981, Расчеты электронного уширения спектральных линий в теории оптических свойств плазмы, Опт. Спектроск. 51, 778. 9. Wiese, W. L., Konjević, N.: 1982, Regularities and similarities in plasma broadened spectral line widths (Stark widths), JQSRT 28, 185. 10. Konjević, N., Pittman, T. P.: 1986, Stark broadening of spectral lines of ho- mologous, doubly ionized inert gases, JQSRT 35, 473. 11. Konjević, N., Pittman, T. P.: 1987, Stark broadening of spectral lines of ho- mologous, doubly - ionized inert gases, JQSRT 37, 311. 12. Бабин, С.
    [Show full text]
  • The Search for Another Earth-Like Planet and Life Elsewhere Joshua Krissansen-Totton and David C
    2 The Search for Another Earth-Like Planet and Life Elsewhere joshua krissansen-totton and david c. catling Introduction Is there life beyond Earth? Unlike most of the great cosmic questions pondered by anyone who has spent an evening of wonder beneath starry skies, this one seems accessible, perhaps even answerable. Other equally profound questions such as “Why does the universe exist?” and “How did life begin?” are perhaps more diffi- cult to address and must have complex explanations. But when one asks, “Is there life beyond Earth?” the answer is “Yes” or “No”. Yet despite the apparent simplic- ity, either conclusion would have profound implications. Few scientific discoveries have the power to reshape our sense of place inthe cosmos. The Copernican Revolution, the first such discovery, marked the birth of modern science. Suddenly, the Earth was no longer the center of the universe. This revelation heralded a series of findings that further diminished our perceived self- importance: the cosmic distance scale (Bessel, 1838), the true size of our galaxy (Shapley, 1918), the existence of other galaxies (Hubble, 1925), and finally, the large-scale structure and evolution of the cosmos. As Carl Sagan put it, “The Earth is a very small stage in a vast cosmic arena” (Sagan, 1994, p. 6). Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection was the next perspective- shifting discovery. By providing a scientific explanation for the complexity and diversity of life, the theory of evolution replaced the almost universal belief that each organism was designed by a creator. Every species, including our own, was a small twig in an immense and slowly changing tree of life, driven by variation and natural selection.
    [Show full text]