Air Transport in Germany Mobility Report 2015 2015 at a glance Safe, efficient and even more punctual For the first time since 2011, the number of aircraft movements in German airspace exceeded the three million mark. In 2015, DFS air traffic controllers handled a total of 3,029,066 flights, which corresponds to a 1.6 percent increase over the previous year. As regards indicators of safety and Air traffic in German airspace en-route flight efficiency, DFS was able to maintain the very high levels of the previous years. Punctuality indicators even experienced an increase.

Size of German IFR flights IFR take-offs Peak day airspace and landings

+1.6% +1.2% 390,000 3.03 2.14 10,065 square kilometres1818 million 18million 18 IFR flights

Safety Punctuality Environment *ATC-related

Infringements of separation (en-route) ATFM en-route delay Horizontal flight efficiency Per 1 m flight hours (RAT ABC) Average delay per flight* Deviation from the direct route

TARGET 35 TARGET 0.27 TARGET 1.60%

2014 24.7 2015 12.7 2014 0.13 2015 0.12 2014 1.23%

Infringements of separation (terminal) Also includes runway incursions per 100,000 aircraft ATFM arrival delay movements (RAT ABC) Average delay per flight* * TARGET 1.37 TARGET 0.09 2015 1.17%

* ca. 3.7 km 2014 0.32 2015 0.59 2014 0.001 2015 0.008 Contents Decade of stagnation Page Subject Section The air transport market in Europe is recovering slowly. 5 Decade of stagnation Air transport market In 2015, the 28 EU Member States registered 8.93 million controlled flights, a rise of 1.6 percent 6 Caught between stagnation and growth Air transport market over the previous year.

6/7 Passenger numbers at record levels Air transport market If the whole European airspace is examined, the number of flights rose to 9.75 million (+1.5 percent). This is still, however, below the record levels recorded back in 2008. Even with the relief for the 8 Weak air freight market Air transport market airlines’ finances provided by lower fuel prices, the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL) still forecasts only moderate growth for the near future. EUROCONTROL assumes average annual growth of between 0.7 and 3.8 percent until 2022 in its medium-term 9 Safety: a year of contrasts Safety forecast presented in February. According to this forecast, the record peak of 10.2 million controlled flights will not be reached again until 2017 – a decade later. 10 Safety is everyone’s business Safety Germany has experienced a similar scenario. The number of controlled flights in German airspace in 12 Safety in the air and on the ground Safety 2015 exceeded three million (3,029,066) for the first time since 2011. This is a 1.6 percent rise over the previous year. Nevertheless, the record high of 3.15 million controlled flights last seen in 2008 will be reached in 2016 at the earliest according to the EUROCONTROL forecast. It could be even later if 3.03 13 On time nearly every time Punctuality things turn out badly. EUROCONTROL anticipates average annual growth of between 0.7 percent and MILLION 3.4 percent for Germany. It can be seen that growth in Germany will be as moderate as in the rest of This was the number 14 As the crow flies Environment Europe. of flights in German airspace in 2015, a Traffic growth in German airspace is primarily attributable to the rise in overflights, whose share rose rise of 1.6 percent to 37.5 percent. The number of take-offs and landings at the 16 designated international airports rose over the previous year. by only 1.2 percent. The largest absolute growth was recorded at Berlin Schönefeld Airport, with traffic advancing by 11.3 percent, while take-offs and landings at Berlin Tegel Airport, which is operating at the limits of its capacity, remained almost unchanged with a plus of 1.2 percent. The opening of a new base by the Irish low-cost carrier Ryanair in October was the main reason for the growth at Schönefeld.

Air transport Forecast Safety Punctuality Environment Airlines market Mobility Report 2015 - Air transport market 5 Caught between airlines, such as Pegasus and Sun Express, a joint venture between and stagnation and , are also expanding. growth Turkey is the fifth most popular destination after Spain (the reigning champion), the United Kingdom, Italy and France for passengers flying The market for air from German airports. The number of flights transport across the to Turkey grew by 9.2 percent in 2015. Turkey countries of Europe showed is also a popular tourist destination for people flying from the Russian Federation, a group a lot of variability. which makes up the second largest share of Some countries experienced tourists after tourists from Germany. It remains to be seen what effect the recent terrorist moderate growth, while attacks in Turkey and the tensions between others, Turkey for example, Russia and Turkey will have on demand. At least in the first quarter of 2016, no negative impact recorded growth in traffic of was seen. The number of flight movements in almost seven percent. Turkish airspace in the first three months came in above the level of the previous year. Germany’s traffic growth was average, making it by no means unique in Europe. France, which has The growth in traffic volume in Turkey can also the second largest volume of traffic in Europe be attributed to another reason as the number after Germany, also experienced moderate of overflights also rose, not just the number growth (+1,5 percent). Italy, which comes in at of take-offs and landings. Airlines are avoiding fourth place, experienced a growth rate of only flying over Ukraine because of the armed 1.0 percent. In the United Kingdom, third place conflict in eastern Ukraine and are increasingly in Europe, the number of flights increased by flying over Turkish airspace on their way to 2.4 percent in 2015. The above-average growth Asia. experienced in Spain, fifth place, continued in 2015, rising by 3.3 percent over the previous The neighbouring countries of Macedonia, year. Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Greece have also recorded a considerable Growth in air transport remained strong in rise in overflights. The small neighbouring 6.8 Turkey, which is placed sixth in Europe. Turkey country of Moldova, on the other hand, is had experienced double-digit growth in the suffering from a decline in traffic, just as is PERCENT previous years and 2015 was no exception. In Ukraine. The number of overflights in Ukraine This was the rise in fact, the growth recorded was above average. sank by over 70 percent in the last months. flights registered in There were 6.8 percent more controlled flights Turkey. Tourism was registered than in the previous year. Turkey has not the only reason. risen in popularity as a tourist destination.

As a consequence, airlines in Turkey are growing strongly and are expanding their route networks. Turkish Airlines is a front runner in this development, but not alone; other A new record high in passenger numbers was seen in Germany. According to the Federal Statistical Office, 194.7 million passengers used German airports in 2015, Passenger numbers at record levels a rise of 3.9 percent. There were two factors why the growth in passenger numbers in Germany was so strong, coming in at twice the rise in flight movements: Airlines are While the number of flight movements in European airspace cancelling routes where the load factor is not satisfactory 76.7 grew only moderately, this was not the case for the number and attempting to use larger, more economical, aircraft PERCENT of passengers, which grew considerably. In 2015, 3.5 billion rather than smaller aircraft. This was the percentage of passengers were registered worldwide, representing a new record. The airlines are also working intensively on getting the load occupied seats in an factor of these larger aircraft as high as possible. The load aircraft; the highest In 2015, the number of passenger kilometres flown in European airspace was 5.1 percent above factor has risen significantly in the past few years. Back in value ever. the previous year’s value. According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), passenger 1995, a third of all seats remained empty. Nowadays, over numbers increased worldwide, not just in Europe, rising by an average of 6.5 percent in 2015. three quarters of the seats are taken. In 2015, the load Growth rates were particularly high in the Middle East (+10 percent) and in the Asia-Pacific region factor was 76.7 percent in Germany, a new record. (+8.6 percent). According to IATA, 3.5 billion passengers were in the air in 2015, a record high.

6 Mobility Report 2015 - Air transport market Mobility Report 2015 - Air transport market 7 Safety: a year of contrasts Any passengers boarding an aircraft can do so in good conscience. Air transport continues to boast a consistently high safety level.

Weak air freight market According to IATA, the global accident rate per million flights was 0.32 in 2015. This means that there was one accident for every 3.1 million flights where an aircraft was The growth in air freight is considered a leading indicator damaged so badly that the hull was lost. By comparison, for road traffic, the rate is much worse. In Germany alone, for example, there were more than 300,000 accidents of the strength of the global economy. Unfortunately, the where people were injured. This resulted in 60,000 people who were seriously injured freight market is growing only slowly. and 3,000 who lost their lives. 0.32 The growth in air freight was significantly weaker than the growth in passenger numbers. Only Due to the way the statistics are gathered, two events that hit the headlines last year This was the number 0.4 percent more air freight was handled at German airports than the year before, reaching a total are not included in the IATA numbers quoted so far. Both the flight 9525 of serious accidents of 4.5 million tonnes in 2015 according to official statistics. This picture was reflected worldwide. crash in the French Alps in March 2015 and the crash of the Russian charter flight per one million flights, Only an average of 2.2 percent more freight tonne kilometres was registered by IATA in 2015 9268 departing from Sharm el-Sheikh are not considered to be accidents in the real proving that aircraft 0.1 compared with the previous year. sense of the word by IATA. The first tragedy was the result of deliberate action on the are the safest means part of the co-pilot and the second tragedy was presumably caused by terrorists. of travel. PERCENT Growth was particularly weak in North America, one of the prime markets for freight. Growth This was the decline in freight tonne kilometres in North America was only 0.1 percent. Europe saw a decline of IATA termed 2015 ”the year of contrasts“. On the one hand, more than 500 passengers in freight tonne 0.1 percent. The Asia-Pacific region experienced a rise of 2.3 percent. This market is the largest, lost their lives to an act of suicide and terrorism. On the other hand, 2015 was the kilometres in Europe. accounting for two fifths of the global market for freight. Just as with the passenger numbers, second safest year in IATA history based on the accident numbers. growth in freight in the Middle East recorded the highest rates (+11.3 percent).

8 Mobility Report 2015 - Air transport market Mobility Report 2015 - Safety 9 Safety is everyone’s business German airspace continues to boast a consistently high safety level. All those involved in aviation play their part: airlines, airports and air navigation service providers.

The task of air navigation services is to ensure The tool distinguishes between four levels of sufficient distance between aircraft, both in severity: serious, major, significant and no safety the air and on the ground. Any infringement of effect. A fifth classification (not determined) is the prescribed minimum distances (known as used where insufficient information is available separation minima) at DFS are recorded and to carry out a classification. This category 149 analysed exactly. The separation minima are is irrelevant for DFS as every infringement This was the number intentionally set high. In the air, the vertical is documented by our systems so that a of infringements of distance is at least 1,000 feet (300 m) and classification can be made. In the classification separation with DFS the horizontal distance is three to five nautical system previously in place at DFS, three involvement that were miles (5.6 to 9.3 km). Minor infringements of categories were used. This makes it difficult to registered in German these separation minima are also registered, directly compare the data from the new analysis airspace. Of which, 122 even if more careful examination shows that tool with the data from the past. were not safety-related. the safety of the aircraft was not put at risk at any time. In 2015, 183 infringements of separation were registered in German airspace, 149 of DFS Safety Management analyses and assesses which were caused by the involvement of air every event and then assigns it to a category navigation services. The majority of these based on its severity. This determines the (122 cases), however, had no impact on safety. level of air navigation services involvement in Only 24 cases were classified as significant, infringements of separation in which DFS played while three were considered as major. There a role. DFS uses a new uniform classification were no serious safety risks in any of these system mandated by the European Commission cases. to determine the relevant category. This new system replaced the one previously in use at DFS. The new Risk Analysis Tool (RAT) has been mandatory for all European air navigation service providers since 2015. This uniform tool enables the harmonisation of safety classifications and facilitates the comparison of the safety level of the individual countries with each other.

10 Mobility Report 2015 - Safety Mobility Report 2015 - Safety 11 On time nearly every time The performance of DFS as regards punctuality was impressive. In 2015, 98.2 percent of all flights reached their destination without any delays caused by – this is a new record. Safety in the air and on the Only 1.8 percent of all flights in 2015 were affected by air traffic flow management (ATFM) measures, caused by bad weather, capacity bottlenecks at airports or heavy ground traffic for example. This is reflected in the absolute figures. The average ATFM delay in German airspace in 2015 declined to 19.2 seconds. Three It is not only in the air where DFS ensures safety. DFS tower controllers also coordinate the take-offs, landings The good performance of DFS does not mean that there will be no more delays in out of four air transport. This is underlined by the Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA), a Two thirds This was the fraction This was the fraction and some of the ground traffic at airports. department within EUROCONTROL that measures delays and analyses them using the of runway incursions of all delays caused reports of pilots. At the moment, two thirds of flights in Europe reach their destination that were attributed to by airlines. There are mandatory rules for separation minima on the ground just as there are in the air. These on time or ahead of schedule. Nevertheless, a third of flights have a delay on arrival the involvement of the rules help prevent runway incursions, for example. A runway incursion is officially defined as any of at least five minutes. cockpit crew. occurrence at an airport involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing or take-off of aircraft. It does not matter The main reason for such delays are the knock-on effects of prior delays cascading whether other traffic was endangered or not. DFS records and investigates each and every runway through the day to impact later flights as well. These delays are often caused by the incursion. wait for connecting passengers, baggage or new crew. Looking at the average figures for Europe, two thirds of all delays can be attributed to the airlines. Only ten percent Since 2015, the new uniform Risk Analysis Tool (RAT) has been in use across Europe. Of the of all delays were caused by air navigation service providers. For Germany, this figure 111 runway incursions registered, only four were safety-related. One occurrence was classified is even lower - only six percent. as serious, two as major and one as significant. The behaviour of the cockpit crew played a role in three out of four cases. Air navigation services played a role in only nine percent of all cases.

12 Mobility Report 2015 - Safety Mobility Report 2015 - Punctuality 13 As the crow flies Direct routes save time, fuel and help the environment. DFS is already close to achieving the optimum flight path. Graphs and charts

The air traffic controllers of DFS guide the aircraft under their control to their destinations safely, punctually and, as much as possible, as the crow flies, selecting the most direct route possible. This has been demonstrated by an analysis of en-route flight efficiency, which looked at the actual route flown in comparison to the shortest possible one. In 2015, the flown route was, on average, only 3.7 km longer than the direct route, which corresponds to a deviation of only 1.2 percent. This is a value that would be hard to better for Germany, as it has one of the busiest and most complex airspaces in the world. 3.7 KILOMETRES This was the difference between the shortest route and the route actually flown.

14 Mobility Report 2015 - Environment Mobility Report 2015 - Graphs and charts 15 Contents Page Subject Section Traffic over the past 20 years 17 Traffic over the past 20 years Air transport market

17 Traffic by month Air transport market 3.5 18 Civil and military air traffic Air transport market 18 Traffic segments Air transport market 19 Top 15 destinations Air transport market 3.0 19 Main domestic connections Air transport market 20 IFR flights at international airports Air transport market 2.5

20 IFR flights at regional airports Air transport market Controlled flights (m) 21 Flights, passengers and freight Air transport market

22 Freight and passengers Air transport market Source: DFS 2.0 22 Future IFR air traffic Forecast 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 23 Infringements of separation (total) Safety 23 Infringements of separation with DFS involvement Safety 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2.034 2.109 2.215 2.325 2.459 2.584 2.561 2.488 2.548 2.719 2.866 2.983 3.115 3.150 2.927 2.971 3.060 2.994 2.953 2.980 3.029 24 Runway incursions (total) Safety In 2015, air traffic controllers handled 3,029,066 flights under instrument flight rules in German airspace, a rise of 1.6 percent over 24 Runway incursions with DFS involvement Safety the previous year. The number of controlled flights has been hovering around the three-million mark for a decade. The record high of 25 Traffic and punctuality Punctuality the year 2008 was not reached. 25 Punctuality in comparison Punctuality 26 Departure punctuality in Europe Punctuality 26 Arrival punctuality in Europe Punctuality 27 Causes of delays Punctuality Traffic by month 28 Load factor Environment 28 Destinations with the best load factor Environment 29 En-route flight efficiency Environment 300,000 29 Alliances Airlines 30 Airports in metropolitan regions in Europe Airlines

250,000 Controlled flights

200,000 Source: DFS JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

January February March April May June July August Sep Oct Nov Dec 208,939 200,435 234,638 250,877 273,668 281,534 291,223 282,950 283,373 277,965 225,560 218,212

More than 291,000 flights were controlled in the busiest month of July. The traffic volume was high in September, too. Although the summer school holidays had already ended everywhere in Germany, 10,065 flights were recorded in German airspace on 18 September – more than on any other day. Air transport Forecast Safety Punctuality Environment Airlines market Mobility Report 2015 - Air transport market 17 Civil and military air traffic Top 15 destinations

1.5%

100,000 * Change over previous year Civil flights 0.0%*

80,000 2.9% 4.7% Military flights -0.8% 60,000 9.2%

Flights -0.4% -0.3% 40,000 -2.6% 4.1% -0.9% 4.0% -19.4% 1.8% 5.4% 8.8% 13.3% 20,000

0 Source: DFS 98.5% Italy USA Spain France Turkey Austria Poland Russia Greece Denmark Sweden Belgium Portugal Switzerland Netherlands United Kingdom Source: DFS

In 2015, military flights made up 1.5 percent of overall traffic volume. In nominal terms, there were 45,668 flights, Four out of five aircraft taking off from international airports in Germany head for one of the countries listed above. Every tenth flight a decrease of 3.9 percent over the previous year. 2013 was the only year with even less military traffic in German airspace. heads for the Spanish mainland, the Canary Islands or the Balearic Islands. Traffic heading for the Russian Federation is declining.

Traffic segments Main domestic connections

15,000

Entries 14.8% 10.8% 12,000 25.8% 25.9% Exits 9,000 Flights

Overflights 2005 2015 6,000 37.5% 33.7% Domestic 3,000 25.8% 25.9%

0 Source: Federal Statistical Office Source: Federal Source: DFS

Hamburg – Munich Frankfurt – Munich Düsseldorf – FrankfurtMunich – Hamburg Hamburg – Stuttgart Munich – Hannover Berlin Tegel – Munich Berlin Tegel – Stuttgart Düsseldorf – Hamburg Berlin Tegel – Frankfurt Bonn – Berlin Tegel Cologne Bonn –Düsseldorf Munich – Berlin Tegel Frankfurt – LeipzigCologne Halle Bonn – Hamburg For years, traffic figures in German airspace have been displaying two contrasting trends. While domestic traffic has been decreasing, the number of overflights has been rising. Since the beginning of this century, the share of domestic flights has decreased from 18.3 to The Federal Statistical Office recorded 284,515 take-offs and landings of domestic flights. 88.6 percent of them took place at the 10.8 percent. At the same time, the share of overflights rose from 33.7 to 37.5 percent. 16 international airports. The airports of Munich (44 902) and Berlin Tegel (34 566) handled the majority of domestic flights.

18 Mobility Report 2015 - Air transport market Mobility Report 2015 - Air transport market 19 IFR flights at international airports Flights, passengers and freight

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Change over 2014 Berlin Schönefeld 71,048 69,227 63,092 66,881 74,355 11.2% Flights Berlin Tegel 168,579 170,303 173,979 181,532 183,696 1.2% Total Berlin 239,627 239,530 237,071 248,413 258,051 3.9% 37,120 35,547 35,107 36,538 34,211 -6.4% DFS TTC ANS Dresden 27,779 25,758 22,333 23,502 22,823 -2.9% Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH The Tower Company GmbH Air Navigation Solutions Ltd. Düsseldorf 221,206 216,664 210,264 209,771 209,361 -0.2% Erfurt 6,308 4,410 4,796 4,883 4,869 -0.3% Frankfurt 487,052 482,079 472,549 468,915 468,027 -0.2% -0.2% Hamburg 149,073 144,572 136,605 146,315 149,937 2.5% Frankfurt Hannover 70,779 67,481 64,157 62,914 62,320 -0.9% Munich +0.8% Cologne Bonn 130,720 125,380 119,538 122,184 127,356 4.2% Leipzig Halle 62,062 60,466 59,467 60,482 62,417 3.2% London Gatwick +3.2% Munich 407,148 395,210 379,107 374,110 377,082 0.8% Münster Osnabrück 24,802 19,689 16,322 17,678 17,611 -0.4% Düsseldorf -0.2% Nürnberg 58,546 53,727 51,943 49,901 48,665 -2.5% +1.2% Saarbrücken 11,941 10,085 9,548 8,567 9,945 16.1% Berlin Tegel Top 5: Passengers (m) Stuttgart 125,209 120,279 114,082 113,798 118,931 4.5% Hamburg +2.5% Total 2,059,372 2,000,877 1,932,889 1,947,971 1,971,606 1.2% 21 Frankfurt Cologne Bonn +4.2% Stuttgart +4.5% 22 61 Munich +11.2% Berlin Schönefeld London Gatwick Leipzig Halle +3.2% 40 Düsseldorf IFR flights at regional airports Hannover -0.9% 41 Nürnberg -2.5% Berlin Tegel -6.4% 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Change over 2014 Bremen Altenburg Nobitz 466,000 440,000 300,000 349,000 - k.A. Dresden -2.9% Augsburg 6,701 6,410 6,788 6,887 6,732 -2.3% Braunschweig 11,722 12,014 12,206 11,965 11,727 -2.0% Frankfurt Hahn +1.9% Dortmund 20,245 19,724 19,791 20,097 20,114 0.1% Top 5: Freight tonnes (m) Friedrichshafen 15,203 13,478 11,974 11,861 12,393 4.5% Dortmund +0.1% Hahn 29,577 27,010 23,939 20,570 20,957 1.9% -0.4% 0.09 Heringsdorf 1,148 1,330 1,115 1,210 984,000 -18.7% Münster Osnabrück Hof Plauen 2,537 1,370 1,393 1,902 1,515 -20.3% Karlsruhe Baden-Baden -4.8% 0.36 Frankfurt Ingolstadt Manching 5,904 6,659 6,616 6,987 6,601 -5.5% Karlsruhe Baden-Baden 17,788 17,507 15,776 14,640 13,930 -4.8% -2.8% Weeze Leipzig Halle Kassel Calden 2,778 2,691 2,950 3,345 3,788 13.2% 0.75 Lahr 2,324 1,378 606,000 1,444 1,461 1.2% Paderborn Lippstadt +1.5% 2.11 Lübeck Blankensee 5,798 5,548 5,869 4,861 4,310 -11.3% +26.5% Cologne Bonn Magdeburg Cochstedt 1,067 1,273 948,000 701,000 1,246 77.7% Memmingen Mannheim 8,252 5,384 4,934 5,704 6,309 10.6% Saarbrücken +16.1% Munich Memmingen 9,466 11,068 9,175 8,933 11,298 26.5% Mönchengladbach 5,472 5,007 4,796 5,472 5,726 4.6% Düsseldorf Mönchengladbach +4.6% 0.99 Niederrhein 18,153 16,980 18,897 13,567 13,187 -2.8% Düsseldorf Paderborn Lippstadt 15,325 14,524 13,635 12,857 13,048 1.5% Erfurt -0.3% Rostock Laage 10,185 9,582 9,777 9,381 8,449 -9.9% +1.2% Schwerin Parchim 2,156 1,911 1,487 1,519 1,768 16.4% Lahr Westerland Sylt 5,588 4,916 4,862 5,032 5,553 10.4% +77.7% Zweibrücken 5,275 4,702 4,457 3,743 - - Magdeburg Cochstedt Total 203,130 190,906 182,291 173,027 171,096 1.3%* 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 The decline in domestic flights that has been observed over several years is especially noticeable at the international airports. In 2015, 1.97 million take-offs and landings were recorded. Although this is an increase of 1.2 percent over the previous year, it is still 3 percent lower than the value seen ten years ago. This table is based on all take-offs and landings under instrument flight rules (IFR). Connections within Germany are counted as two aircraft movements – one arrival and one departure. Airports served by the DFS Group. Flights under instrument flight rules in 2015 and changes over the previous year.

* Altenburg and Zweibrücken are no longer classified as regional airports (since 2015).

20 Mobility Report 2015 - Air transport market Mobility Report 2015 - Air transport market 21 22 medium-growth scenarioweretoooptimistic. estimate(low-growth scenario)because,inthepast,high-growth scenario aswellthe The figureshowstheconservative In itsairtrafficforecast,the EuropeanOrganisationfortheSafetyofAirNavigation(EUROCONTROL) drawsupthreescenarios. reason for this trend. Freight rates, however, of thisvalue.Theyonlyroseby 2.2 percent over the year across all regions. clearly fell short Global passengertrafficincreasedby6.5percent,thestrongestrateforfiveyears.Accordingto IATA, lowerticket pricesarean important Total North America North Middle East Latin America Europe Asia Pacific Africa Europe FABEC Germany Change overpreviousyear Change in relation to the same month

Air transport market/ForecastMobility Report 2015 -Airtransport of the previous year (in percent) 12 10 -2 0 4 6 8 2 January Change over2014 Future IFRtraffic Freight andpassengertraffic

Controlled flights (m) February 12 10 0 2 4 6 8 2017 March 2017 0.8% 0.7% 0.8% April 2018 May 2018 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% Passenger kilometres June 2019 10.0% 6.5% 4.3% 6.7% 5.1% 8.6% 2.9% July 2019 0.9% 0.9% 1.1% 2020 August 2020 1.0% 0.8% 0.9% Sep 2021 Oct Freight tonnekilometres 2021 0.4% 0.2% 0.2% Nov 2022 11.3% -6.0% -0.1% 2.2% 0.1% 2.3% 1.2% Dec 2022 0.6% 0.4% 0.5%

Source: Low-growth forecast EUROCONTROL Source: IATA of previousyears. Asanewsystemofcategorisation wasused,theresults of 2015 cannotbecomparedwith thoseofpreviousyears. withthehighestseverity.safety-related. Notasingleoccurrence wasassignedtothecategory Thiscorrespondstotheexcellent level The assessmentusingtheRisk AnalysisTool shows:Ofatotalof 149infringementsofseparationwithDFSinvolvement,122 werenot Overall, 183infringementofseparationwererecorded. is examinedandevaluated.InaccordancewithEUlegislation, DFShas beenusinganewmethodsince2015,theRiskAnalysisTool. occurrence involving DFS than prescribed. Every is shorter An infringement of separation occurs when the distance between two aircraft Infringements of separation 100 150 200 250 300 350 50 0 2005 Infringements ofseparation 2006 Infringements ofseparationwithDFSinvolvement of separation Total numberofinfringements 2007 2008 2009 Total: 149 122 0 3 2010 Aircraft movements(m) 24 2011 2012 2013 Severity category 2014 E –nosafetyeffect C –significant B –major A –serious 2015 18.6% 2.5 3.0 3.5 81.4% Mobility Report 2015 -Safety Controlled flights (m) Contributory factor2015 Contributory Cockpit ANSP

23 Source: DFS Source: DFS 24 be comparedwith thoseofpreviousyears. tenoftheminvolvedDFS.Onlyfourhadan effect onsafety.airports, Asanewsystemofcategorisationwasused,theresultscannot The Risk Analysis Tool is also used when runway incursions are assessed. In 2015, 111 runway incursions occurredat German incursion isrecordedandanalysed. orvehiclesisnotallowed.Ifthisdoeshappen, runway thepresenceofotheraircraft thisiscalledarunwayincursion.of aircraft, Every On theground,too, designatedforthetake-off andlanding minimumdistancesneedtobemaintained:In theprotectedareaofasurface Runway incursions 100 120 20 40 60 80 Mobility Report 2015 -Safety 0 2005 Runway incursions 2006 Runway incursionswithDFSinvolvement runway incursions Total numberof 6 2007 2008 2009 Total: Take-offs andlandings 10 2010 1 2011 1 2 2012 2013 Severity category 2014 E –nosafetyeffect C –significant B –major A –serious 2015 18 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 83

Controlled flights (m) 10 Contributory factor2015 Contributory Pedestrians/vehicles Cockpit ANSP

Source: DFS Source: DFS providers iseven smaller: 7.2seconds. Thefigureshowsthe punctualityinEurope‘stencountries withthehighesttraffic volumes. The averageATFM delayinGermanairspacedecreasedto 19.2 seconds.Theshareofdelaysattributabletoairnavigation service management (ATFM) measures,for exampleduetobadweather, orhightrafficvolumes. capacitybottlenecks atairports small.In2015,only1.8percentofflightswereaffectedbyairtrafficflow The percentageofdelayedflightsinGermanairspaceisvery ATFM delay per flight (in seconds) Share of flights without delay 100 100 120 20 40 60 80 20 40 60 80 0 0

Turkey 118.2 2009 Punctuality incomparison Traffic andpunctuality Share offlightswithoutdelay(%)

France 58.8 2010

Switzerland 33.6 2011

Spain 31.2

United Kingdom 2012 24

Germany Controlled flights(m) 19.2 2013

Austria 13.2 2014 Mobility Report 2015 -Punctuality

Italy 10.8

Hungary 2015 1.8 2.75 3 3.25 3.5 Bulgaria 0 2.5 0.6

Flights (m)

Source: EUROCONTROL 25 Source: DFS Departure punctuality in Europe Causes of delays (departures)

50 4% 8% Source: EUROCONTROL 42.8% 6% 12% 10% 40 10% 10% 6% 30 2%

21.4% 13% 18.2% 64% 61% 62% Share (%) 13% 20 17.0% 13% 3% 10 3% 1% 0.7%

0 Source: EUROCONTROL/CODA More than 15 minutes 5 to 15 minutes Punctual 5 to 15 minutes More than 15 minutes Europe Germany (international departures) Germany (domestic departures) ahead of schedule ahead of schedule late late

Airlines Air navigation services

In 2015, three out of five flights departed on time or even before the scheduled time. Every fifth flight departed with a delay of more than 15 minutes, for example as a result of a delayed arrival, ground handling delays or due to bad weather. Airports Security

Meteorology Other Arrival punctuality in Europe Paris Charles de Gaulle Madrid Barajas Airlines 74% Airlines 64% Airports 1% Airports 1% 28.9% Meteorology 4% Meteorology 7% 30 Air navigation services 5% Air navigation services 10% 26.0% Security 12% Security 11% 25 Other 3% Other 6%

20 17.7% 17.9% London Heathrow Amsterdam 15 Airlines 84% Airlines 65% Airports 1% Airports 2% Share (%) 9.5% 10 Meteorology 6% Meteorology 9% Air navigation services 3% Air navigation services 9% 5 Security 5% Security 4% Other 1% Other 12% 0 Source: EUROCONTROL/CODA More than 15 minutes 5 to 15 minutes Punctual 5 to 15 minutes More than 15 minutes ahead of schedule ahead of schedule late late Frankfurt Munich Airlines 59% Airlines 61% Airports 2% Airports 2% Meteorology 12% Meteorology 12% Air navigation services 3% Air navigation services 2% Security 13% Security 14% Two out of every five aircraft docked at the gate ahead of schedule. Efficient ground handling processes at the destination aerodrome, favourable wind and weather conditions and direct routings contribute to punctual arrivals. Other 10% Other 8%

26 Mobility Report 2015 - Punctuality Mobility Report 2015 - Punctuality 27 Load factor En-route flight efficiency

80 2.0 6.0 1.9 5.4 76 1.8 4.8 1.7 4.2 72 1.6 3.6 1.5 3.0 68 1.4 2.4 Deviation (%) 1.3 Deviation (km)

Load factor (%) 1.8 64 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.6

Source: Federal Statistical Office Source: Federal 1.0

60 0.0 Source: DFS 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Deviation (km) Deviation (%)

DFS air traffic controllers also keep an eye on the environment: Deviations between the direct route and the flight routes they assigned amounted to 3.7 kilometres on average, which corresponds to a detour of merely 1,2 percent. These figures do not include the According to the Federal Statistical Office, 76.7 percent of all seats in aircraft over Germany were occupied in 2015. This is a record immediate vicinity of airports, where avoiding unnecessary aircraft noise for residents and ensuring the separation of aircraft on final high. The load factor of aircraft departing from and arriving at German airports is one fifth higher than twenty years ago. approach have a higher priority.

Destinations with the best load factor Alliances

San Francisco

Las Palmas Fuerteventura 29.6% 29.1% Palma de Mallorca Sky Team Hong Kong Faro Hurghada 56.1% 2005 48.3% 2015 oneworld Antalya Load factor (%) Rhodes Varna 8.9% 9.5% Gulf airlines Tenerife South Málaga 4.6% 11.1% Heraklion Other

Ibiza Source: DFS Source: Federal Statistical Office Source: Federal 0.8% 2.0% 75 80 85 90 95 100

Long-distance flights to San Francisco as well as flights to tourist destinations in Spain, Greece and Portugal have the best load factor. Every second flight in Germany is conducted by members of the three alliances: the Star Alliance (including Lufthansa, etc.), SkyTeam Overall, the load factor for flights abroad amounts to 78.3 percent. These figures are based on flight destinations with over 1,000 (KLM, Air France, etc.), and oneworld (American Airlines, British Airways, etc.). Airlines from the Gulf region are on the rise. Since flights per year. 2005, they have doubled their share.

28 Mobility Report 2015 - Environment Mobility Report 2015 - Environment/Airlines 29 Airports in European metropolitan regions Average number of departures per day 1 2 3

7.6%

10.4% 7.0%

42.7% 32.0% 68.0% London Paris Istanbul 15.1% 30.7% 1,520 1,046 913 62.3%

24.1%

London Heathrow London Luton Paris Charles de Gaulle Istanbul Atatürk

London Gatwick London City Paris Orly Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen

London Stansted Paris Le Bourget 4 5 6 7

14.8%

Frankfurt Amsterdam Munich Rome 641 630 517 507

85.2%

Rome Fiumicino

Rome Ciampino 8 9 10 11 12

0.6% 21.5%

45.5% 18.8%

Madrid Milan Stockholm Copenhagen 505 484 396 382 349

99.4% 33.1% 81.2%

Madrid Barajas Milan Malpensa Stockholm Arlanda

Madrid Torrejón Milan Linate Stockholm Bromma

Bergamo Source: EUROCONTROL

London is Europe‘s airport capital. With the airports of Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted, Luton and the City Airport, London has an annual average of more than 1,500 departures per day. These figures refer to IFR flights; included are airports at a distance of up to 50 kilometres with at least one aircraft movement per day.

30 Mobility Report 2015 - Airlines DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH Corporate Communications Am DFS-Campus 10 63225 Langen, Germany

Telephone +49 (0)6103 707-4111 Fax +49 (0)6103 707-4196 E-mail [email protected] Internet www.dfs.de

29 April 2016

Layout and design IF Publication Service Digitale Medien GmbH, Viersen, Germany

Editors Christopher Belz, Rüdiger Mandry

Photos DFS/Christopher Belz, Deutsche Lufthansa AG, DFS/Hans-Jürgen Koch, Berlin Brandenburg Airport, Flughafen München GmbH, Fraport AG, Gatwick Airport Ltd., www.shutterstock.de