DOCSLIB.ORG

History of Thermodynamic Surfaces - Hmolpedia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
History of Thermodynamic Surfaces - Hmolpedia History of thermodynamic surfaces - Hmolpedia http://www.eoht.info/page/History+of+thermodynamic+surfaces History of thermodynamic surfaces In science, history of thermodynamic surfaces refers to the historical development of the construction of two-dimensional thermodynamic data set plots or three-dimensional thermodynamic surfaces. Overview In 1869, Thomas Andrews, following ten years of research and data collection in his studies of the liquefaction of carbon dioxide, published the following diagram, a pressure-volume diagram (with the line of no volume to the right) upon which are drawn isothermal carbon dioxide curves for temperatures ranging from 13.1°C to 48.1°C, pressures ranging from 50 to 100 atmospheres: (Ѻ) In 1871, James Thomson, using the based on data for carbon dioxide collected by Thomas Andrews, constructed a plaster pressure-volume-temperature surface, or P,V,θ surface as he labeled it, currently on display (Ѻ) at the Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow: [1] 1 of 4 5/3/17, 9:42 PM History of thermodynamic surfaces - Hmolpedia http://www.eoht.info/page/History+of+thermodynamic+surfaces In 1873, American engineer Willard Gibbs published his first thermodynamics paper, “Graphical Methods in the Thermodynamics of Fluids”, in which Gibbs uses the two coordinates of the entropy and volume to represent the state of the body. [2] In his second follow-up paper, “A Method of Geometrical Representation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Substances by Means of Surfaces”, published later that year, Gibbs added in the third coordinate of the energy of the body, as shown in the following three diagrams, albeit mostly described via equations and verbally. [3] Gibbs' figures 2 and 3, taken together yield the following three-dimensional figure: In Nov 1874 to Jul 1875, Irish physicist James Maxwell, used descriptions of thermodynamics surfaces in American engineer Willard Gibbs' two 1873 papers on the graphical methods of thermodynamics, to make a plaster thermodynamic surface: 2 of 4 5/3/17, 9:42 PM History of thermodynamic surfaces - Hmolpedia http://www.eoht.info/page/History+of+thermodynamic+surfaces “I enclosed a rough sketch [adjacent] of the lines of Gibbs’ surface, co-ordinates volume [x], entropy [y], energy [z], in an imaginary substance in which the principle features of the substance can be represented on a convenient scale.” — James Maxwell (1875), “Letter to James Thomson”, Jul 8 [4] The following is the finished result (see: Maxwell's thermodynamic surface): In circa 1890, Dutch physical chemist Johannes van der Waals published a treatise on the Theory of Binary Solutions in the Archives Néerlandaises, wherein he related his equation of state (see: Van der waals equation) with the second law of thermodynamics, in the form first proposed by American engineer Willard Gibbs, and was able to arrive at a graphical representation of his mathematical formulations in the form of a surface which he called Ψ (Psi) surface following Gibbs, who used the Greek letter Ψ for the free energy of a system with different phases in equilibrium. Shown adjacent is his energy surface for carbon dioxide, shown at the Boerhaave Museum, Leiden. [5] The following is some type of circa 1900 PVT surface model, for carbonic acid H2CO3, showing isotherms carved into a block of wood: (Ѻ) 3 of 4 5/3/17, 9:42 PM History of thermodynamic surfaces - Hmolpedia http://www.eoht.info/page/History+of+thermodynamic+surfaces (add discussion) References 1. (a) Sengers, Johanna L. (2002). How Fluids Unmix: Discoveries by the School of Van der Waals and Kamerlingh Onnes (GB) (abs) (pgs. 56, 104). Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. (b) Model PV theta curve – Hunterian Museum & Art Gallery. 2. Gibbs, J. Willard. (1873). "Graphical Methods in the Thermodynamics of Fluids", Transactions of the Connecticut Academy, I. pp. 309-342, April-May. 3. Gibbs, J. Willard. (1873). "A Method of Geometrical Representation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Substances by Means of Surfaces", Transactions of the Connecticut Academy, II. pp.382-404, Dec. 4. Maxwell, James. (1875). “Letter to James Thomson”, July 8th; in The Scientific Letters and Papers of James Clerk Maxwell (pgs. 230-31). Volume 3; 1874-1879. 5. Museum Boerhaave – Wikipedia. Latest page update: made by Sadi-Carnot, 1 minute ago (about this update - complete history) Keyword tags: Andrews history Maxwell thermodynamic surface Thomson (edit keyword tags) Sadi-Carnot Like Be the first of your friends to like this. Share this Threads for this page There are no threads for this page. Be the first to start a new thread. Related Content (what's this?) Libb Thims (history) Atheism Hart 100 History of differential equations Barmaid explanations Christmas Henry Adams Human molecular hypothesis Human chemical reaction theory Thomson’s search for Carnot’s Reflections Hello and thanks with little critique Andrews pressure-volume diagram 4 of 4 5/3/17, 9:42 PM.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Elizabeth F. Lewis Phd Thesis
    PETER GUTHRIE TAIT NEW INSIGHTS INTO ASPECTS OF HIS LIFE AND WORK; AND ASSOCIATED TOPICS IN THE HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS Elizabeth Faith Lewis A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2015 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6330 This item is protected by original copyright PETER GUTHRIE TAIT NEW INSIGHTS INTO ASPECTS OF HIS LIFE AND WORK; AND ASSOCIATED TOPICS IN THE HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS ELIZABETH FAITH LEWIS This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Ph.D. at the University of St Andrews. 2014 1. Candidate's declarations: I, Elizabeth Faith Lewis, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 59,000 words in length, has been written by me, and that it is the record of work carried out by me, or principally by myself in collaboration with others as acknowledged, and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September 2010 and as a candidate for the degree of Ph.D. in September 2010; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2010 and 2014. Signature of candidate ...................................... Date .................... 2. Supervisor's declaration: I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspects of the Life and Work of Peter Guthrie Tait, FRSE1
    Aspects of the Life and Work of Peter Guthrie Tait, FRSE1 An essay by Dr. Chris Pritchard, PhD, FIMA, McLaren High School, Callander, Scotland. Peter Guthrie Tait was born in Dalkeith in 1831. Upon the death of his father when he was just six his mother took him and his two sisters to live in Edinburgh with her brother. Here in his uncle’s house he was encouraged to dabble in photography and astronomy. We know that at the age of thirteen he was making nightly observations of the positions of Jupiter's satellites. By this time he had entered the Edinburgh Academy. Fleeming Jenkin2 was a member of the same class, James Clerk Maxwell in the class above. The friendship which developed between Maxwell and Tait during their school days would last throughout Maxwell’s relatively short life. If there was a competitive element to that friendship, encouraged by the school’s awarding of the mathematics prize to Tait in 1846 and to Maxwell the following year then it was certainly not apparent. They exchanged drafts of papers they were writing in their teens and we know that Tait retained his annotated copies of Maxwell’s early geometrical papers for many years. At sixteen both young men went up to their local university but after just one session Tait moved on to Peterhouse, Cambridge, from where he graduated as Senior Wrangler in 1852. When Maxwell eventually moved to Cambridge it was in Tait’s college that he initially enrolled despite being advised by Forbes3 to enter Trinity. Within a couple of years of graduation Tait had been offered a mathematics chair at Queen’s College, Belfast.
    [Show full text]
  • The Scottish Irish Mathematical Trail: People, Places, Practices
    BSHM-CSHPM/SCHPM Conference at St Andrews The Scottish Irish Mathematical Trail: People, Places, Practices Colm Mulcahy, Spelman College, Atlanta, GA, USA www.mathsireland.ie 14 July 2021 ABSTRACT We survey about 65 of the mathematical people with educational or career ties to both Scotland and Ireland, going back to the 1760s. The scope is broad, included pure and applied maths, astronomy, theoretical physics, maths physics, and statistics. From James & William Thomson and Alice Everitt in distant times, to Philip Gormley, Sheila Tinney, Murray McBeath, Andrew Young, and Alisdair Wood from the past century, we’ll explore many maths connections between Scotland and Ireland. Additional people (and all in more detail) can be found at the new blog at www.mathsireland.ie. Travellers on the Scottish Irish mathematical trail A panorama covering over 250 years Includes mathematical people with educational or career ties to Scotland and Ireland, going back to the 1760s. It’s very broad in scope, included pure and applied maths, astronomy, theoretical physics, maths physics, stats, etc. Travellers on the Scottish Irish mathematical trail Most obviously, we include: 1. Irish scholars who went to Scotland for education and/or employment: from James & William Thomson in the 1800s, to Liam O’Carroll and George Gettingby in modern times. 2. Scottish scholars who went to Ireland for similar reasons: from Peter Tait, George Slesser, and Charles Niven in the 1800s, to Gordon Lessells and Alastair Wood more recently. 3. People from elsewhere who spent significant stretches of time (3 or more years) in both countries: e.g., Joseph Everett, Edmund Whittaker, and Andrew Young.
    [Show full text]
  • Regelation: Why Does Ice Melt Under Pressure?
    Regelation: why does ice melt under pressure? Phase-boundary reversible dispersivity and hydrogen-bond extraordinary recoverability Chang Q Sun [email protected] Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Unlike other unusual materials whose bonds contract under compression, the O:H nonbond undergoes contraction and the H-O bond elongation towards O:H and H-O length symmetry in water and ice. The energy drop of the H-O bond dictates the melting point Tm depression of ice. Once the pressure is relieved, the O:H-O bond fully recovers its initial state, resulting in Regelation. Ref: [1] Anomaly 2: Floating ice, http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.04171 [2] Anomaly 1: Mpemba effect, http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.00765 [3] Hydrogen-bond relaxation dynamics: resolving mysteries of water ice. Coord. Chem. Rev., 2015. 285: 109-165. 1 Anomaly: Ice Regelation Observations in Figure 1 revealed the following: 1) Ice melts under pressure and freezes again when the pressure is relieved [1-4]Error! Bookmark not defined.. An ice block remains a solid after a weighted wire cutting it through [5]. 2) Ice melts at a limit temperature of -22C under 210 MPa pressure but a -95 MPa pressure (tension) raises the melting point up to +6.5C [6, 7]. a b 280 270 (K) Quasi-solid Liquid m T 260 V pdvH TP() V C 110 TPCH()00 E 250 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 P(MPa) Figure 1 Regelation of ice. (a) A weighted wire cuts a block of ice through without severing it [5]. (b) Theoretical formulation [8] of the pressure dependence of the ice melting temperature Tm(P) or the phase boundary between the liquid and quasi-solid [6, 7] indicates that the H-O bond energy relaxation dictates the Tm(P).
    [Show full text]
  • MS2 Thomas Andrews
    MS2 Andrews Collection About the collection: Chiefly a collection of scientific papers and correspondence written by, or addressed to, Thomas Andrews. These papers are mainly in Andrews’ own hand or copied by his daughters, Elizabeth Andrews and Mary K. Andrews, and form part of the documents used in the preparation of The scientific papers of the late Thomas Andrews. With a memoir by P.G. Tait and A. Crum Brown. London, 1889. Born in Belfast in 1813, Thomas Andrews was an eminent chemist and physicist of European reputation. Educated at the Belfast Academical Institution, he received his formal training at university in Glasgow, Paris and Dublin as well as in Edinburgh where he was awarded his M.D in 1835. He spent most of his career in the employ of Queen’s College Belfast where he occupied the positions of College Vice President and Professor of Chemistry from 1849-79, being notable for his work on the liquefaction of gases, which eventually led to such inventions as the domestic refrigerator, and for proving that ozone is a form of oxygen. He died in Belfast on November 26, 1885. This collection was presented to Queen’s University Belfast by his grand-daughters in 1935. The following catalogue for material in MS2/1- MS2/19 is chiefly abridged from descriptions made in 1937 by Professor W.B. Morton; MS2/20- MS2/25 listed at a later date. 1 MS2 Outline MS2/1-10 Scientific memoirs p. 3 MS2/11 Four bound notebooks p. 4 MS2/12 Roll containing two original drawings p.
    [Show full text]
  • William Thomson and the Creation of Thermodynamics: 1840–1855
    William Thomson and the Creation of Thermodynamics: 1840-1855 CROSBIE W. SMITH Communicated by M.J. KLEIN Contents 1. Introduction ................................... 231 2. Prelude to the "Dynamical Theory of Heat": JOULE and the THOMSON brothers ..... 232 3. RANKINE'S contribution .............................. 253 4. WILLIAM THOMSON'S draft of "the Dynamical Theory of Heat" . ............ 261 5. The establishment of classical thermodynamics .................... 268 1. Introduction As the central issue in this paper, I am concerned with the emergence of the theoretical structure and basic concepts of classical thermodynamics in the period 1840-1855. An analysis of the work of WILLIAMTHOMSON and his brother JAMES, RUDOLFCLAUSlUS, W.J.M. RANKIXE and J.P. JOULE is clearly required for an understanding of this period in the development of thermodynamics, and my aim is to go behind accounts in the secondary literature which rely largely on the published papers of these personalities 1. By focussing on both the published and unpublished writings of the THOMSON brothers, I hope to present an enrich- ment of our historical understanding of the period, and to show that mutual dependence among all the above-named thinkers is crucial to the formulation of the new scientific ideas. I shall attempt to analyse and correlate their thought through the examination of the THOMSONS' notebooks and correspondence with a view to uncovering both this interaction among the thinkers, and their debt to other, often earlier, scientists who have, through text-books, papers or treatises, discussed related topics 2. 1 For example, S.P. THOMPSON, The Life of William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs (London: Macmillan, 1910), 1, 252-295; D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Awarding of the Copley Medal and the ‘Discovery’ of the Law of Conservation of Energy: Joule, Mayer and Helmholtz Revisited
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications, Department of History History, Department of 2012 The Awarding of the Copley Medal and the ‘Discovery’ of the Law of Conservation of Energy: Joule, Mayer and Helmholtz Revisited David Cahan University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historyfacpub Part of the History Commons Cahan, David, "The Awarding of the Copley Medal and the ‘Discovery’ of the Law of Conservation of Energy: Joule, Mayer and Helmholtz Revisited" (2012). Faculty Publications, Department of History. 122. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historyfacpub/122 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published under a Creative Commons CC license. Notes Rec. R. Soc. (2012) 66, 125–139 doi:10.1098/rsnr.2011.0045 Published online 16 November 2011 THE AWARDING OF THE COPLEY MEDAL AND THE ‘DISCOVERY’ OF THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY: JOULE, MAYER AND HELMHOLTZ REVISITED by DAVID CAHAN* Department of History, University of Nebraska, 610 Oldfather Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0327, USA This article analyses the awarding of the Royal Society’s Copley Medal to James Prescott Joule (1870), Julius Robert Mayer (1871) and Hermann Helmholtz (1873) in the wake of the establishment of the law of conservation of energy during the 1850s and 1860s. It seeks to reconstruct the context in which the awards occurred, emphasizing at once a combination of individual scientific achievement, advocacy on behalf of Joule’s supporters, nationalism, and the special role that Helmholtz played thanks to the strong social relationship that he had developed with the British scientific elite in the two decades before receiving his award, the last of the three.
    [Show full text]
  • BAMC Minisymposium: Conflicting Attitudes in the History of Mathematical Science 26-29 March 2018, St Andrews
    BAMC minisymposium: Conflicting Attitudes in the History of Mathematical Science 26-29 March 2018, St Andrews Abstracts Alex D.D. Craik (St Andrews): The Hydrostatics of George Sinclair and Robert Boyle The hydrostatical writings of the little-known George Sinclair and the famous Robert Boyle reveal an equivocal attitude to the employment of mathematical theorems in physical science. Both rightly rejected the philosophical speculations of various contemporaries that were not founded on experimental observation (notably those of Thomas Hobbes and Franciscus Linus). Their own approach was that of “experimental philosophy”: Sinclair’s “Theoremes” are based on physical observations rather than on mathematics. Later anonymous and harsh criticisms of Sinclair by the mathematicians James Gregory and William Sanders favoured the earlier mathematical approach of Archimedes and Stevin. Ref: A.D.D. Craik, ‘The hydrostatical work of George Sinclair…’, forthcoming, Notes & Records of Roy. Soc. Lond. Isobel Falconer (St Andrews): Maxwell, Kelvin, and the inverse square law of electrostatics In 1877 James Clerk Maxwell and his student Donald McAlister refined Henry Cavendish’s 1773 null experiment demonstrating the absence of electric charge inside a charged conductor. The inverse square law of electrostatics predicted this absence, and both Cavendish and Maxwell took the experiment as verifying the law. However, Maxwell, and his friend William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin), had previously expressed absolute conviction in the law, based on results of Faraday’s. So why did Maxwell bother to repeat Cavendish’s experiment? To answer this question, I will focus on the mathematical tradition within which Maxwell and Kelvin were working, and the logic of the experimental evidence for the law.
    [Show full text]
  • Labour Is Not to Be Shirked in the Study of a Great
    ISSN 1756-168X Newsletter No 23 January 2008 Published by the History of Physics Group of the Institute of Physics (UK & Ireland) ISSN 1756-168X Cover picture: Drawing illustrating the apparatus to demonstrate the effect of lowering the freezing point of water. Taken from 6th edition of “Heat: a mode of motion” by John Tyndall, 1880 Contents Editorial 2 Meeting Reports AGM and Annual Report 3 Kelvin 2007 5 Kelvin in Context: Lectures: Kelvin the Telegrapher by BruceHunt L 7 Kelvin at Glasgow by Ken Skeldon 17 Kelvin and Ireland by Andrew Whitaker 22 Kelvin and the Clyde by Crosbie Smith 34 Next HoP group meeting 43 Features: Otto Baumbach - Rutherford's Glassblower by Alan Gall 44 Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev by Peter Ford 56 Book reviews Blackett: Physics, War and Politics in the Twentieth Century 61 Max Perutz and the Secret Life 65 Committee and contacts 6972 Disclaimer The History of Physics Group Newsletter expresses the views of the Editor or the named contributors, and not necessarily those of the Group nor of the Institute of Physics as a whole. Whilst every effort is made to ensure accuracy, information must be checked before use is made of it which could involve financial or other loss. The Editor would like to be told of any errors as soon as they are noted, please. 2 Editorial “Labour is not to be shirked in the study of a great question; but it may be lightened ...by calling forth an energy which shall diminish it relatively.” Thus says Prof. John Tyndall of the Royal Institution in the preface to his book ‘Heat – a Mode of Motion’ published in 1863.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Thomas Andrews
    Revista CENIC. Ciencias Químicas ISSN: 1015-8553 [email protected] Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Cuba Wisniak, Jaime Thomas Andrews Revista CENIC. Ciencias Químicas, vol. 39, núm. 2, mayo-agosto, 2008, pp. 98-108 Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas La Habana, Cuba Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=181615046005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista CENIC Ciencias Químicas, Vol. 39, No. 2, 2008. Thomas Andrews Jaime Wisniak. Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel 84105. Email: [email protected] Received: September 4th, 2007. Acepted: November 13th, 2008. Palabras clave: calor de reacción, equilibrio líquido-vapor, cambio de fase, vapor, gas, ozono. Key words: heat of reaction, vapor-liquid equilibrium, change of state, vapor, gas, ozone. RESUMEN. Thomas Andrews (1813-1885) realizó importante investigaciones en el área de la termoquímica, la termodi- námica del equilibrio de fases y la naturaleza y propiedades del ozono. Sus trabajos sobre calor de reacción entre bases y ácidos son notables por su avanzada técnica y buenos resultados numéricos, a pesar haberse realizado antes de las teorías de Arrhenius y del establecimiento de la ley de conservación de la energía. Sus contribuciones más importantes son el establecimiento del estado crítico del equilibrio líquido-vapor, la continuidad en el cambio de fase, la correcta definición de los conceptos de vapor y gas, y el hecho de que el ozono es un estado alotrópico del oxígeno.
    [Show full text]
  • James Thomson (1822- 1892), Professor of Engineering at Queen’S College, Belfast, 1857-1873
    MS13 Thomson Manuscripts About the collection: Collection of scientific papers and notebooks, memoranda, lectures, correspondence etc of James Thomson (1822- 1892), Professor of Engineering at Queen’s College, Belfast, 1857-1873. Various topics are highlighted in the collection reflecting Professor Thomson’s wide range of research interests. These include such areas as fluid motion, the formation of river bars, ventilation, atmospheric circulation, the atmosphere of Jupiter and the freezing and melting of solid, liquid and gaseous states of matter, which he investigated with his Belfast colleague, Thomas Andrews (1813-85). The collection also includes many manuscript drafts of lectures and scientific papers, printed offprints of papers by Thomson and other contemporaries, newspapers and journals, pamphlets and patent specifications. There is also a large quantity of letters to and from Thomson with about 50 correspondents. These include his brother, the eminent physicist Lord Kelvin, Michael Faraday, James Clerk Maxwell, P.G. Tait, J.J. Murphy, Thomas Andrews, Galbraith, G.G. Stokes, Sir R. Ball, W.J.M. Rankine and others. Most of this material is of a technical nature. The collection also contains some manuscripts belonging to Thomson’s father, James Thomson, senior (1786-1849). The following is an inventory of the manuscripts in the Thomson Collection. 1 MS13 Table of contents MS13/A Manuscript Books p.3 MS13/B Relating to Professorships p.6 MS13/C Lectures p.7 MS13/D Fluid Motion p.8 MS13/E Formation of River-bars p.10 MS13/F Ventilation p.11 MS13/G Atmospheric Circulation p.13 MS13/H Atmosphere of Jupiter p.14 MS13/I Coagulation and Liquefaction p.15 MS13/J Solid, Liquid & Gaseous States p.16 MS13/K Words p.17 MS13/L Miscellaneous papers p.19 MS13/M Correspondence p.21 MS13/N Manuscripts of James Thomson, Senior p.37 2 MS13/A Manuscript Books MS13/A/1 07/04/1937 Jacobus Thomson, Bench 3 Book in wrappers of newspaper, on which is a date Apr 7, 1837, containing exercises in geometry, worked by “Jacobus Thomson, Bench 3”, at Glasgow College.
    [Show full text]
  • The Life and Legacy of William Rankine
    Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2021 The Life and Legacy of William Rankine Andy Pearson Star Refrigeration, United Kingdom, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc Pearson, Andy, "The Life and Legacy of William Rankine" (2021). International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper 2087. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc/2087 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Complete proceedings may be acquired in print and on CD-ROM directly from the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories at https://engineering.purdue.edu/Herrick/Events/orderlit.html 2115, Page 1 The Life and Legacy of William Rankine Andy PEARSON Star Refrigeration Ltd, Glasgow, United Kingdom +441416387916, [email protected] ABSTRACT Professor William Rankine, who was born on July 5 1820, made a substantial contribution to the science of heat and power and his influence in refrigeration and air-conditioning is still apparent today. This paper gives a short overview of Rankine’s life and work and then considers how his legacy is relevant to the challenges facing refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump engineers in the 21st century. These include system efficiency, expansion methods, alternative cycles and novel working fluids. 1. INTRODUCTION William J.M. Rankine, also known as Macquorn Rankine, was one of the greatest scientists and engineers to be born in Scotland, but unlike his predecessor James Watt or his contemporaries Lord Kelvin and James Clerk Maxwell he is relatively unknown.
    [Show full text]