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First Record of an Early Barremian Caprinid Rudist from Japan – Implications for the Palaeobiogeography of the Caprinidae (Bivalvia)

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First Record of an Early Barremian Caprinid Rudist from Japan – Implications for the Palaeobiogeography of the Caprinidae (Bivalvia) See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/263564760 First record of an Early Barremian caprinid rudist from Japan – implications for the palaeobiogeography of the Caprinidae (Bivalvia) ARTICLE in PALAEONTOLOGY · JULY 2012 Impact Factor: 2.24 · DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01156.x READS 51 6 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Shin-ichi Sano Peter William Skelton Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum The Open University (UK) 34 PUBLICATIONS 168 CITATIONS 76 PUBLICATIONS 875 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Yasuhiro Iba Hokkaido University 35 PUBLICATIONS 163 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Peter William Skelton Retrieved on: 18 October 2015 [Palaeontology, Vol. 55, Part 4, 2012, pp. 843–851] FIRST RECORD OF AN EARLY BARREMIAN CAPRINID RUDIST FROM JAPAN – IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PALAEOBIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE CAPRINIDAE (BIVALVIA) by SHIN-ICHI SANO1*, PETER W. SKELTON2, MEGUMI WATARAI3, YASUHIRO IBA4, YASUO KONDO5 and YUICHIRO SATO6 1Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum, Katsuyama, Fukui 911-8601, Japan; e-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK; e-mail: [email protected] 3Meikei High School, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8502, Japan; e-mail: [email protected] 4Hokkaido University of Education, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-8580, Japan; e-mail: [email protected] 5Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan; e-mail: [email protected] 6Oita Geological Society, Ogata, Bungo-ono, Oita 879-6756, Japan; e-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author. Typescript received 23 August 2011; accepted in revised form 5 January 2012 Abstract: Pachytraga Paquier, 1900, the stratigraphically Tethyan Pachytraga. The Japanese Pachytraga? represents the oldest genus of caprinine caprinid rudist, was previously first probable record of this genus outside the Mediterra- known from only two chronospecies from a single lineage, nean ⁄ Middle Eastern Tethyan province, and its early Barre- that is the Hauterivian P. tubiconcha Astre, 1961 and the mian age partly fills the ‘gap’ in its previously known early Aptian P. paradoxa (Pictet and Campiche, 1869). stratigraphical record, although the evolutionary relationship Here, a new species, Pachytraga? tanakahitoshii, is erected of the Japanese form with Mediterranean and Middle East on the basis of isolated left valves recovered from the Osaka Tethyan Pachytraga remains unsolved. However, the discov- and Sanchu areas, south-west Japan. This species has a ery of early Barremian Pachytraga? in Japan indicates that moderate shell size (antero-posterior commissural diameter the evolutionary history of the genus is more complex than c. 30 mm), and its left valve is characterized by at least one previously thought and should thus be discussed in a possibly autapomorphic character (narrow anterior myo- broader palaeogeographical context that must now include phore, inclined inwards), as well as a mosaic of primitive the Pacific. (single longitudinal carina developed on the anterior side) and derived (simple marginal canals in the antero-dorsal Key words: Pachytraga, Caprinidae, Barremian, Osaka, valve margin) characters of Mediterranean and Middle East south-west Japan, palaeobiogeography, new species. The family Caprinidae d’Orbigny, 1847 constitutes the 1998), the absence of this genus from the known record most notable component of mid-Cretaceous rudist evolu- for most of the Barremian is an enigma, and possible con- tion (the ‘Caprinid Phase’ of Skelton 2003) and is divided trols on its restriction to some unknown refugium have into two subfamilies, viz. the Caprininae d’Orbigny, 1847 been discussed by Masse and Fenerci-Masse (2008). Other and the Caprinuloideinae Damestoy, 1971 (Skelton and species have been assigned to the genus, but hitherto, none Smith 2000; Carter et al. 2011). Pachytraga Paquier, 1900 of these attributions has survived revision (Skelton and is the stratigraphically oldest genus of the former subfam- Masse 1998). In particular, Okubo and Matsushima ily, flourishing in the Mediterranean Tethys and Middle (1959) recorded Pachytraga japonica Okubo in Okubo and East during the Hauterivian and in the north-western part Matsushima, 1959 from the Lower Cretaceous Shimanto of the former region during the early Aptian (Skelton and Group of the Akaishi Mountains in central Honshu, Outer Masse 1998, 2000; Masse and Fenerci-Masse 2008). Zone (Pacific side) of south-west Japan. However, Skelton Because Hauterivian P. tubiconcha Astre, 1961 and early and Masse (1998) restudied the holotype and reassigned it Aptian P. paradoxa (Pictet & Campiche, 1869) have been to the polyconitid genus Praecaprotina Yabe and Nagao, considered as successive chronospecies (Skelton and Masse 1926, which had been previously established on the basis ª The Palaeontological Association doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01156.x 843 844 PALAEONTOLOGY, VOLUME 55 of material from the Miyako Group in north-east Honshu Island and the Yezo Group in central Hokkaido, both north-east Japan (Yabe and Nagao 1926). In addition, material referred to Pachytraga japonica from the putative Barremian–Aptian Osaka Formation in the Osaka area, eastern Kyushu, south-west Japan (Tanaka 1989; Tanaka et al. 1996) has also been reassigned to Praecaprotina, and consequently, doubt has been cast on the existence of Pachytraga in Japan (Sano et al. 2008). Nevertheless, investigation of a specimen referred to ‘Pachytraga japon- ica’ by Ichise (2008), from the Kanto Mountains near Tokyo, and newly collected specimens from the Osaka area reveal that these specimens show a close similarity to Pachytraga and represent the first probable record of the genus outside the Mediterranean Tethys and Middle East. Interestingly, reinvestigation of age-diagnostic ammonites previously known from these localities indicates their early Barremian age, falling within the ‘gap’ in the known strati- graphical record of this genus in the Mediterranean ⁄ Mid- dle Eastern Tethyan province (Masse and Fenerci-Masse 2008). FIG. 1. Map showing localities in Japan (Osaka and Sanchu) In this study, the new Japanese Pachytraga? is formally which have yielded Pachytraga? named as P?. tanakahitoshii sp. nov. Putative records of other caprinines from the Pacific are also briefly reviewed from the viewpoint of their similarity with those in the by, 1814) from their ‘Northern Belt of the Osaka Forma- Mediterranean Tethyan province. The discovery of early tion’ and broadly assigned a late Barremian–Albian age to Barremian Pachytraga? in Japan indicates that the evolu- the whole Osaka Formation, based on these ammonites tionary history of Pachytraga and also of caprinine rudists and other fossils. Tanaka et al. (1996) recorded Chelonic- in general is more complicated than previously thought eras sp. and Dufrenoyia aff. justinae (Hill, 1893) from and should be discussed in a broader palaeogeographical their ‘Upper Member of the Osaka Formation’, where the context that must now include the Pacific. Pachytraga? specimen here described was recovered and considered its age to be late Aptian, although Iba and Sano (2007) later mentioned that these ammonites proba- GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND AGE bly indicated an early Aptian age. However, restudy of the ammonites recorded by Yokomizo et al. (1990) and The rudist specimens described here were recovered from newly collected specimens from the Osaka area reveals the two localities: Osaka (eastern Kyushu Island) and Sanchu presence of Macroscaphites? sp., Crioceratites sp., Phyllo- (central Honshu Island; Fig. 1). The precise age of the ru- pachyceras sp. and Shasticrioceras sp. in the Osaka Forma- dist-bearing strata in the Osaka and Sanchu areas is still tion (Fig. 2), suggesting an early Barremian age, in controversial, because of complex geological structures comparison with the Early Cretaceous ammonite fauna of and also the scarcity of well-preserved age-diagnostic fos- south-west Japan (e.g. Obata et al. 1982; Matsukawa and sils. In this study, the geological age of these rudist-bear- Obata 1993; Toshimitsu and Hirano 2000; Matsukawa ing strata is discussed chiefly on the basis of ammonites et al. 2007). Unfortunately, the possible early Aptian collected from areas adjacent to the rudist localities. ammonite specimens reported by Tanaka et al. (1996) A single specimen of Pachytraga? was discovered in a were broken after the preliminary investigation, and these sandstone float from locality OS03 (32°59¢N, 131°38¢10¢¢E) records cannot now be confirmed. Thus, the age of the of Tanaka (1989) and Tanaka et al. (1996) in the Osaka rudist-bearing part of the Osaka Formation is here con- area, Mie Town (Bungoono City, Oita Prefecture). The sidered as early Barremian, although it could be extended upper part of the Osaka Formation, containing abundant to the early Aptian. However, it should be noted that the fossils of shallow-marine origin, crops out in this area finding of Praecaprotina (= Pachytraga japonica in Tanaka (Tanaka 1989; Yokomizo et al. 1990; Tanaka et al. 1996). et al. 1996) and a relatively advanced caprinuloideine ru- Yokomizo et al. (1990) reported the presence of two dist from the Osaka area (Sano et al. 2008) do suggest a ammonite taxa, Eodouvilleiceras(?) sp. aff. E. horridum younger age (possibly Aptian), while complex geological (Riedel, 1938) and Hamites sp. aff. H. attenuatus (Sower- structures in this area are also suspected. SANO ET AL.: EARLY BARREMIAN CAPRINID RUDIST FROM JAPAN
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