AAPITG Undertakinq bv the Proiect Proponent

Andhra Pradesh lndustrial lnfrastructure Corporation Limited (APllC), has carried out Environmental lmpact Assessment (ElA)/Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for Mega lndustrial Park at Kopparthy, Tadigotal, Yadavapuram, Tholaganganapalli, Ambavaram & Rampathadu Villages of Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur & Pendlimarri in YSR.Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh.

As per MoEF&CC office memorandum No.J-l1013/4112006-lA.ll (l) dated October 05, 201 1, APIIC herewith declares the ownership of contents (information and data) provided in the EIA and EMP Report.

For and on behalf of

M/s Andhra Pradesh lndustrial lnfrastructure Corporation Limited (APllC)

Andhra Pradesh lndustrial lnfrastructure Corporation Ltd., (A Govt. of Andhra Pradesh Undertaking) Regd. Ollice: 'Parisrama Bhavan' 6th floor, 5-9-58/8, Fateh Maidan Road, Basheerbagh, Hyderabad-soo 004. lndia. corporate ofrce: D.No.5sA-20-32A, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Floorsr%;;;: Road, reachers cotony, vijayawada - 520 008 HrtrI:]lm:;ctub crN No.u99999TGl 973SGCOO1630 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT For PROPOSED MEGA INDUSTRIAL PARK At KOPPARTHY 6553.04 ACRES

AT VILLAGE MANDAL DISTRICT STATE

KOPPARTHY (3662.97ACRES) CHINTAKOMMA TADIGOTLA (797.14 ACRES) DINNE YADAVAPURAM (993.79 ACRES) YSR ANDHRA TOLLAGANGANAPALLI (212.51 VALLUR KADAPA PRADESH ACRES) AMBAVARAM (704.70 ACRES) RAMPATHADU (181.93 ACRES) PENDLIMARRI

BY

ANDHRA PRADESH INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE CORPORATION LTD 59A-20/3/2A,

1stFloor, Sri Siva Complex, Fun Times Club Road, Teachers Colony, Vijayawada-520008 Prepared by

HUBERT ENVIRO CARE SYSTEMS PVT LTD., CHENNAI

January 2019

Page i Declaration of Experts contributing to the EIA

I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA with the support of the following Team Member.

EIA Coordinator: Team Member:

Name: Vamsee Krishna Navooru Name:Mr. Manoharan

Signature: Signature:

Date: Date:

Period of Involvement: Oct 2016 to Tilldate Period of Involvement: Oct 2016 to Till date

Contact Information: Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd # A-21, III Phase, Behind Lions Club School Thiru Vi Ka Industrial state Guindy, Chennai - 600 032, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: [email protected] Website: www.hecs.in Functional Area Experts (FAEs):

S. Functional Involvement Name of the Expert/s Signature & Date No Areas (Period & Task)

Dr.James Raymond Moses Oct 2012 to Till date

1 AP Mr.Vamsee Krishna Navooru Oct 2016 to Till date

With Support from TM: May 2016 to Till date Mr. Abishek Moses Oct 2012 to Till date Dr.James Raymond Moses

Mr.Vamsee Krishna Navooru Oct 2016 to Till date

2 WP With Support from TM: Sep 2016 to Till date Mr. Chengalvarayan

Mr.A.K. Natarajan Sep 2016 to Mar Page ii ` 2017

A. Manoharan Sep 2016 to Till date

3 SHW Vamsee Krishna Navooru Oct 2016 to Till date

V. Dhivakar Sep 2016 to Mar 2017 4 SE

A . Manoharan Sep 2016 to Till date

5 EB With Support from TM: Oct 2016 to Till date Dr.Rajkumar Samuel

Dr.T.P.Natesan Sep 2016 to Nov 6 HG 2016

Dr.James Raymond Moses Oct 2012 to Till date

9 AQ With Support from TM: May 2016 to Till date Mr. Abishek Moses

Mr.Brijesh Kumar Sep 2016 to Nov 10 NV 2016 Dr.T.P.Natesan Sep 2016 to Nov 2016

11 LU With Support from TM: Sep 2016 to Nov Mr.N.Varadharajan.N 2016

Dr.James Raymond Moses Oct 2012 to Till date

12 RH With Support from TM: May 2016 to Till date Mr. Abhishek Moses

Page iii Functional Abbreviation of the Functional Areas Area Code LU Land Use AP Air Pollution monitoring, Prevention and Control AQ Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling & Prediction WP Water Pollution monitoring, Prevention and Control EB Ecology and Biodiversity NV Noise and Vibration SE Socio-Economics HG Hydrology, Ground Water & Water Conservation GEO Geology SC Soil Conservation RH Risk Assessment and Hazards Management SHW Solid and Hazardous Waste Management

Page iv Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organisation

I, Dr.J.R. Moses, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA/EMP report for the “Proposed Mega Industrial Park in an area of 6553.04 Acres at Kopparthy Village, YSRKadapa District, Andhra pradesh”. I also confirm that I shall be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement.

Signature:

Date:02.01.2019

Name: Dr.J.R.Moses

Designation: Chief Executive officer

Name of the EIA Consultant Organisation: Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd, Chennai

NABET Certificate No & Validity: NABET/EIA/1619/RA 0083 & 13.10.2019

Page v 1. INTRODUCTION...... 1 1.1 Overview of the project...... Table of Contents...... 1 1.1.1 Project proponent ...... 1 1.2 Proposed project...... 1 1.3 Justification and need for the project...... 2 1.4 Location of the project...... 2 1.4.1 Justification for site selection ...... 6 1.4.2 Selected Project site...... 6 1.5 Need for the EIA study ...... 7 1.5.1 Project screening and ToR ...... 7 1.5.2 EIA study...... 7 1.5.3 Cost of the EIA study...... 7 1.6 Regulatory Context ...... 7 1.6.1 Minimum Stack Height Standards...... 8 1.6.2 Diesel Generator Noise Standards ...... 8 1.6.3 Work-zone Noise Standards...... 9 1.6.4 Ambient Air Quality Standards...... 10 1.6.5 Treated Wastewater Discharge Standards ...... 12 1.7 Overview of the Methodology of the EIA Study...... 15 1.8 Structure of the EIA Report ...... 18 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 20 2.1 Overview...... 20 2.2 Land for the Project...... 20 2.3 Land Acquisition Status...... 23 2.4 Proposed Master plan for the Project ...... 23 2.4.1 Zonation of Industries ...... 24 2.4.2 Plotted Development of Proposed Project ...... 25 2.4.3 Open Area...... 26 2.4.4 Common Facilities ...... 26 2.4.5 Green Belt Area...... 26 2.4.6 Road Area ...... 27 2.5 Current Status of the site...... 27 2.6 Water Requirement ...... 27 2.6.1 Construction Phase ...... 27 2.6.2 Operation Phase...... 28

Page vi 2.7 Overview of Supporting Facilities ...... 31 2.7.1 Internal Access Road...... 31 2.7.2 Construction Materials...... 31 2.7.3 Earthwork for the Project ...... 31 2.7.4 Storm Water Drain...... 32 2.7.5 Solid and Hazardous Waste ...... 32 2.7.6 Waste water Treatment ...... 34 2.7.7 Green Belt ...... 41 2.7.8 Power requirement ...... 41 2.7.9 Man power...... 43 2.7.10 Energy conservation measures ...... 43 2.8 Project Cost ...... 43 2.9 Project Implementation Schedule...... 44 3. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT ...... 46 3.1 Preamble...... 46 3.2 Study Area ...... 47 3.3 Description of the Study Area...... 49 3.4 Environmentally/Ecologically Sensitive areas...... 49 3.5 Ecological Sensitive Areas and Other Protected Area...... 51 3.6 Physical Conditions...... 52 3.6.1 PIA District Profile...... 53 3.6.2 Rainfall ...... 53 3.6.3 Natural Resources of Kadapa (Y.S.R) PIA District...... 53 3.6.4 Land Use & Land Cover ...... 57 3.6.5 Topography ...... 61 3.6.6 Geology of PIA District...... 64 3.6.7 Geomorphology of PIA District...... 65 3.6.8 Hydrogeology of PIA District...... 66 3.6.9 Drainage Pattern of Study area ...... 67 3.6.10 Soils in PIA District ...... 68 3.6.11 Physiography of Study Area ...... 70 3.6.12 Cyclones & Depressions, Winds and Coastal Erosion ...... 71 3.6.13 Seismicity ...... 72 3.7 Air Environment...... 73 3.7.1 Meteorological Conditions ...... 74 3.7.2 Meteorological Data Collection ...... 74

Page vii 3.7.3 General Meteorological Scenario based on IMD Data ...... 74 3.7.4 Meteorological Scenario during Study Period ...... 76 3.7.5 Ambient Air Quality...... 78 3.7.6 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations...... 79 3.7.7 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Techniques and Frequency...... 81 3.7.8 Results and Discussions...... 81 3.7.9 Observations ...... 89 3.8 Noise Environment...... 89 3.8.1 Results and Discussions...... 90 3.8.2 Observations ...... 91 3.9 Water Environment ...... 91 3.9.1 Surface Water Resources...... 91 3.9.2 Ground water resources ...... 99 3.10 Soil as a Resource and its Quality ...... 107 3.10.1 Soil quality...... 107 3.10.2 Results and Discussions...... 111 3.11 Baseline Biological Survey ...... 111 3.11.1 Floral and Faunal Biodiversity in the Study Area...... 111 3.11.2 Flora...... 111 3.11.3 Fauna ...... 116 3.12 Socio-Economic Profile...... 118 3.12.1 Regional Socioeconomic Profile (District) ...... 118 3.12.2 Economic Environment...... 119 3.12.3 Socio Economic Profile of the Study Area...... 120 3.12.4 Interaction with Local Public/Key people...... 138 4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES . 146 4.1 Impact Identification & Evaluation ...... 146 4.1.1 Nature of impact ...... 146 4.1.2 Duration of impact ...... 146 4.1.3 Area extent of impact...... 147 4.1.4 Intensity of impact...... 147 4.2 Construction phase impacts ...... 147 4.2.1 Loss of vegetation and wildlife habitat ...... 147 4.2.2 Impact on drainage pattern...... 148 4.2.3 Erosion of cleared area...... 148 4.2.4 Impacts of Material Transportation...... 148

Page viii 4.2.5 Ambient Air Quality Impacts...... 149 4.2.6 Noise Environment ...... 150 4.2.7 Water Environment...... 154 4.2.8 Biological Environment ...... 155 4.2.9 Socio Economic Environment...... 155 4.3 Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase...... 156 4.3.1 Mitigation for Loss of Vegetation and Wildlife Habitat ...... 157 4.3.2 Mitigation for Modification of Drainage Pattern...... 157 4.3.3 Mitigation for Erosion of Cleared Areas ...... 157 4.3.4 Mitigation for Materials Transportation...... 158 4.3.5 Mitigation for Ambient Air Quality...... 158 4.3.6 Mitigation for Materials Storage ...... 160 4.3.7 Mitigation for Noise Environment ...... 161 4.3.8 Mitigation for Water Environment...... 161 4.3.9 Mitigation for Biological Environment ...... 161 4.3.10 Construction Waste Disposal...... 162 4.3.11 Mitigation for Land Environment ...... 162 4.3.12 Health & safety measures during construction phase ...... 163 4.4 Operation Phase Impacts...... 163 4.4.1 Ambient Air Quality...... 163 4.4.2 Noise environment...... 220 4.4.3 Water Environment...... 220 4.4.4 Land Environment ...... 223 4.4.5 Biological Environment ...... 223 4.4.6 Socio Economic Environment...... 223 4.4.7 Traffic Impact Assessment ...... 223 4.4.8 Impact on Air Quality due to Vehicular Movement ...... 226 4.5 Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase...... 228 4.5.1 Ambient Air Quality...... 228 4.5.2 Noise Environment ...... 229 4.5.3 Water Environment...... 229 4.6 Impact Assessment...... 232 4.6.1 Matrix method...... 232 4.6.2 Alternative Scenarios...... 233 5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGOY AND SITE) ...... 238 5.1 Introduction ...... 238

Page ix 5.2 History and Background of site selection...... 238 5.3 Site Selection ...... 238 5.4 Alternative: Prepare the site on an as – needed basis...... 239 5.5 Project Alternatives ...... 239 5.6 Current Proposal...... 239 5.7 Result of the Analysis...... 239 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME ...... 241 6.1 Introduction ...... 241 6.2 Budget for Environmental Monitoring ...... 249 6.3 Monitoring by APIIC ...... 250 6.4 Compliance Reports...... 250 6.5 Plantation Monitoring Programme ...... 250 6.6 On-site Mock Drills Requirements ...... 251 7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES...... 254 7.1 Rehabilitation and Resettlement...... 254 7.2 Disaster Management Plan ...... 254 7.3 Disaster Management Plan ...... 254 7.3.1 Major activities...... 255 7.3.2 Emergency Plan ...... 256 7.3.3 Key personnel and their duties ...... 257 8. PROJECT BENEFITS ...... 266 8.1 Economic Development ...... 266 8.2 Employment ...... 266 8.3 Infrastructure Development ...... 266 8.4 Life Style Change...... 267 8.5 Women Empowerment...... 267 8.6 Marketing Agricultural Products...... 267 8.7 Migration ...... 267 8.8 Expression of Human Rights...... 267 8.9 Skill Development ...... 268 8.10 Social Infrastructure...... 268 8.11 Corporate Social Responsibility ...... 268 9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 270 9.1 Administrative and Technical Setup for Environmental Management ...... 270 9.1.1 Roles and Responsibilities for Environmental Management ...... 271 9.2 Greenbelt Development ...... 274

Page x 9.2.1 Objectives of greenbelt plan ...... 274 9.2.2 Plant Species for Green Belt development ...... 275 9.2.3 Greenbelt Development Plan...... 276 9.3 Rainwater Harvesting...... 279 9.3.1 Estimation of rainwater harvesting potential...... 280 9.3.2 Harvesting Plan and Recharge Structures...... 281 9.4 Solar Power Harnessing...... 286 9.5 Occupational Health and Safety ...... 287 9.5.1 Occupational Hazards ...... 287 9.5.2 Personal Protective Equipment...... 289 9.5.3 Health Monitoring ...... 290 9.5.4 Safety ...... 291 9.5.5 Endemic Disease Mitigation Plan ...... 292 9.5.5.1 Possible Health Hazards ...... 292 9.6 Institutional Mechanism for Implementation of Mitigation Measures ...... 294 9.7 Environmental Management Cell (EMC) ...... 295 9.7.1 Audits and Inspections...... 297 9.8 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures...... 299 9.9 Budgetary Estimate for Environmental Management...... 313 9.10 CSR Initiatives in the Study Area...... 313 10. SUMMARY & CONtCLUSION ...... 317 10.1 Introduction...... 317 10.1.1 Project Background ...... 317 10.1.2 Overview of APIIC ...... 317 10.1.3 Location of Project Site...... 317 10.1.4 Need and Justification of Project site...... 317 10.2 Project Description ...... 318 10.2.1 Water requirement and wastewater generation...... 318 10.2.2 Wastewater Treatment ...... 319 10.2.3 Storm Water drainage...... 319 10.2.4 Solid Waste Management...... 319 10.2.5 Power Requirement...... 320 10.2.6 Green Belt ...... 320 10.2.7 Project Cost...... 320 10.3 Description of Environment...... 320 10.3.1 Meteorological Conditions ...... 320

Page xi 10.3.2 Ambient Air Environment ...... 321 10.3.3 Noise Quality ...... 321 10.3.4 Water Quality...... 321 10.3.5 Soil 322 10.3.6 Biological Environment ...... 323 10.3.7 Socio Economic Environment...... 323 10.4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures...... 324 10.5 Analysis of Alternative Site ...... 326 10.6 Environmental Monitoring Programme...... 326 10.7 Additional Studies...... 327 10.8 Project Benefits ...... 327 10.9 Environmental Management Plan...... 328 10.10 Conclusion...... 328 11. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT ENGAGED...... 331 11.1 Brief Profile of Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd. (HECS) ...... 331

Page xii List of Tables

Table 1-1 Salient features of the project site and its environs (10Km radius study Area)...... 4 Table 1-2 General noise standards ...... 9 Table 1-3National Ambient Air Quality Standards ...... 10 Table 1-4Tolerance limits for discharge of trade wastewaters ...... 12 Table 2-1 Features of the site ...... 20 Table 2-2 Village wise land extent...... 23 Table 2-3Area break up for the proposed project ...... 23 Table 2-4 Zoning and Type of Industry proposed...... 24 Table 2-5 List of Industries Allotted ...... 25 Table 2-6 Water Requirement during Construction Phase ...... 28 Table 2-7 Water Requirement for Operation Phase ...... 28 Table 2-8 Construction materials for infrastructure facilities ...... 31 Table 2-9 Approximate excavated earth quantity ...... 32 Table 2-10 Municipal Solid Waste generation ...... 33 Table 2-11 Hazardous waste generation...... 33 Table 2-12 Power requirement calculation ...... 41 Table 2-13 Project cost ...... 43 Table 2-14 Tentative project schedule ...... 44 Table 3-1Environmentally Sensitive Areas within 15km from Project Boundary ...... 49 Table 3-2: Major crops grown in the District ...... 55 Table 3-3 Livestock population of Kadapa District...... 55 Table 3-4 Production of Minerals 2011-12...... 56 Table 3-5 District land use/land cover statistics...... 57 Table 3-6 Land Use/Land Cover statistics of 10Km radius of the Study Area...... 59 Table 3-7 Climatological Summary – Tirupati Region (1971-2000)...... 74 Table 3-8 Meteorology Data for the Study Period (September – November 2016) ...... 78 Table 3-9 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations...... 79 Table 3-10 Analytical Methods for Analysis of Ambient Air Quality Parameters...... 81 Table 3-11Summary of the average baseline concentrations of pollutants...... 83 Table 3-12 Ambient PM10 Monitoring Data ...... 84 Table 3-13 Ambient PM2.5 Monitoring Data...... 84 Table 3-14 Ambient SO2 Monitoring Data...... 85 Table 3-15 Ambient NO2 Monitoring Data...... 86 Table 3-16 Ambient CO Monitoring Data...... 87 Table 3-17 Ambient O3 Monitoring Data ...... 88 Table 3-18Day and Night Equivalent Noise Levels...... 90 Table 3-19 List of Major Water Bodies within 10Km radius ...... 91 Table 3-20 Test methods used for the analysis of water quality parameters ...... 92 Table 3-21Surface water sampling locations...... 93 Table 3-22 Surface Monitoring Results ...... 95 Table 3-23 Surface Water Quality Standards ...... 98 Table 3-24 Groundwater Water Resources (MCM) As on March, 2009...... 99 Table 3-25: Groundwater Quality Monitoring Locations...... 100 Table 3-26 Ground Water Monitoring Results ...... 102 Table 3-27Soil Quality Monitoring Locations ...... 107 Table 3-28Soil Quality Monitoring Results...... 109 Table 3-29Summary of Trees recorded in the study area...... 112 Table 3-30Summary of Shrubs recorded in the study area ...... 113 Table 3-31Climbers present in the study area...... 114 Table 3-32Herbs recorded in the study area ...... 115 Table 3-33 Aquatic plants in the study area ...... 116 Table 3-34Mammals recorded in the study area ...... 116

Page xiii Table 3-35Birds recorded in the study area...... 116 Table 3-36 Reptiles recorded in the study area...... 117 Table 3-37 Amphibians recorded in the study area ...... 117 Table 3-38 Insects recorded in the study area...... 118 Table 3-39 Regional Socio Economic Profile ...... 118 Table 3-40 District Per Capital Income based on NDDP ...... 119 Table 3-41 Socioeconomic details of the study area ...... 120 Table 3-42 Projected Population of the Project Area...... 123 Table 3-43 Male and female ratio of the project area ...... 124 Table 3-44 Total Child Population of the study area...... 124 Table 3-45 Workers group distribution in the study area ...... 127 Table 3-46 Animal Populationwithin the district ...... 131 Table 3-47List of Industries in the study area...... 131 Table 3-48 Health Facilities in the Project Area...... 132 Table 3-49 Village wise sanitation & drinking water facilities within the study area...... 132 Table 3-50 Education Infrastructure Within the Study Area ...... 135 Table 3-51Literacy details within the study area...... 135 Table 3-52 Summary of socioeconomic Indicators within the Study area ...... 137 Table 4-1 Construction Equipments Emission Factor’s ...... 150 Table 4-2 Noise Level Emission from Construction Equipments ...... 151 Table 4-3 Utility Stack Emission details...... 166 Table 4-4DG Stack emission details ...... 186 Table 4-5 worst case Predicted GLC for proposed utility stacks...... 219 Table 4-6 Worst case Predicted GLC for proposed DG stacks...... 219 Table 4-7 Worst case Combined GLC for Utility and DG stacks...... 219 Table 4-8 Industry wise Pollution load...... 221 Table 4-9 Existing vehicles for the project along Pulivendrula – Kadapa Road ...... 224 Table 4-10 Proposed vehicular movement after establishment of Industrial Park...... 224 Table 4-11Proposed Vehicular movement per hour ...... 226 Table 4-12Traffic Volume after implementation of the project...... 226 Table 4-13 Emission Estimates due to Vehicular Emissions ...... 226 Table 4-14 Summary of findings ...... 230 Table 4-15Overall Impact Classification ...... 233 Table 4-16 No-Project Scenario ...... 234 Table 4-17Project Scenarios without EMP ...... 234 Table 4-18 Project with EMP...... 235 Table 6-1 Environmental Monitoring Programme ...... 243 Table 6-2 Budget for Environmental Monitoring ...... 249 Table 9-1 Roles and Responsibilities of Developer and Industries ...... 271 Table 9-2: Recommended Plants for Greenbelt ...... 278 Table 9-3 Estimated Volume of run-off that can be harvested...... 280 Table 9-4 Estimated Installation Capacity and Cost for Solar Power Harness...... 287 Table 9-5 Occupational Health Hazards...... 288 Table 9-6 Personnel Protective Equipment ...... 289 Table 9-7Project Activities, Associated Impacts, and Mitigation Measures...... 299 Table 9-8 Budget for Environmental Management ...... 313 Table 9-9 Budget for CSR activities ...... 314 Table 10-1 Area breakup for proposed Mega Industrial Park ...... 318

Page xiv List of Figures

Figure 1-1Location of the Proposed Project Site ...... 3 Figure 1-2 Google image showing the project Site Boundary...... 3 Figure 2-1 Proposed project site location ...... 21 Figure 2-2 Toposheet showing the project site and 15 Km radius ...... 22 Figure 2-3 Site Photographs ...... 27 Figure 2-4 Kadapa- Pulivendula Road ...... 27 Figure 2-5 Water Balance Chart...... 30 Figure 3-1Administrative map showing project influenced area...... 48 Figure 3-2: Ecological Sensitive Areas within 10Km radius ...... 52 Figure 3-3 Minerals Map of Andhra Pradesh...... 57 Figure 3-4: Land Use Map of Kadapa district ...... 59 Figure 3-5 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area...... 60 . Figure 3-6: Land use/Land cover map of the Study Area ...... 61 Figure 3-7 Contour map of study area...... 62 Figure 3-8 Physical map of Andhra Pradesh ...... 63 Figure 3-9 Digital Elevation Model of study area ...... 64 Figure 3-10 Geology Map of Study Area ...... 65 Figure 3-11 Hydrogeology Map of PIA district ...... 67 Figure 3-12: Drainage Map of the Study area ...... 68 Figure 3-13 Soil Map of Kadapa District...... 69 Figure 3-14: Soil Map of the Study area...... 70 Figure 3-15: Physiography Map of the Study Area ...... 71 Figure 3-16: Wind and Cyclone Hazard Map of India ...... 72 Figure 3-17 Seismicity Map of India ...... 73 Figure 3-18 Wind roses drawn for various seasons as per IMD observatory data (1970-2000) ...... 76 Figure 3-19Site Specific Windrose for the study period ((September to November 16) ...... 77 Figure 3-20 Hourly variation of the mixing heights...... 78 Figure 3-21 Ambient Air Quality monitoring locations...... 80

Figure 3-22Trends of Measured Ambient PM10 Concentrations in the Study Area ...... 84

Figure 3-23Trends of Measured Ambient PM2.5 Concentrations in the Study Area...... 85

Figure 3-24: Trends of Measured Ambient SO2 Concentrations in the Study Area...... 86

Figure 3-25Trends of Measured Ambient NO2 Concentrations in the Study Area...... 87 Figure 3-26Trends of Measured Ambient CO Concentrations in the Study Area...... 88

Figure 3-27Trends of Measured Ambient O3 Concentrations in the Study Area ...... 89

Page xv Figure 3-28 Noise monitoring locations ...... 90 Figure 3-29 Water quality monitoring locations...... 94 Figure 3-30 Ground water level fluctuation decadal mean (May 2001 – May 2010) with May 2011 for Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh ...... 100 Figure 3-31 Soil quality monitoring locations ...... 108 Figure 3-32Social class - District Vs Project area (%) ...... 123 Figure 4-1 Impact Network on Air Environment...... 149 Figure 4-2 Flow Chart for Impact on Water Environment...... 155

Figure 4-3 SOX emissions from proposed utility stacks ...... 183

Figure 4-4 NOx emissions from proposed utility Stacks ...... 184 Figure 4-5 PM Emissions from proposed utility Stacks...... 185

Figure 4-6 SOX emissions from proposed DG stacks ...... 216

Figure 4-7 NOX emissions from proposed DG Stacks ...... 217 Figure 4-8 PM Emissions from proposed DG Stacks...... 218 Figure 4-9 Existing four lane Kadapa –Pulivendrula Road ...... 223 Figure 4-10Ground level concentrations of PM for vehicular sources...... 227 Figure 4-11Ground level concentrations of NOx for vehicular sources ...... 228 Figure 9-1Hypothetical representation of three tier greenbelt development...... 278 Figure 9-2 Coordination with Authorities and functions...... 295 Figure 9-3 MIP Organizational Setup for Environmental Management Cell...... 297

List of Exhibits Exhibit 9-1 A typical roof top rainwater harvesting system...... 282 Exhibit 9-2 A Model Storage Pond/Tank...... 283 Exhibit 9-3 Model Recharge Pit...... 284 Exhibit 9-4 Schematic of Recharge Pit (Source: Google) ...... 284 Exhibit 9-5 Schematic Diagram of Recharge Well...... 285

Page xvi List of Appendices Appendix -1 ToR from MoEF Appendix - 2 Compliance to ToR

List of Annexures

Annexure -1 Land Documents

Annexure -2 Masterplan Proposing the Industries

Annexure -3 Letter for Water Supply

Annexure -4 Traffic Circulation Plan

Annexure -5 Storm Water Drainage Layout

Annexure -6 CSTP Pipeline Route from Industries

Annexure -7 CSTP Specifications and Process Flow Diagram

Annexure -8 CETP Pipeline Route from Industries

Annexure -9 CSTP Technical Specifications and Process Flow

Annexure -10 Drinking Water – IS10500 Specifications

Annexure -11 Surface Water Classification

Annexure -12 Standard Soil Classification

Annexure -13 Parameters tobe Monitored for CETP

Annexure -14 G.O. Regarding Applicability of R & R

Annexure -15 Public Hearing Minutes

Page xvii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Page xviii 1.1 Introduction

APIIC proposes to develop a Mega Industrial Park with a total area of 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Ha) at Kopparthy, Tadigotal, Yadavapuram, Thollaganganapalli, Ambavaram & Rampathadu Villages, covering Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur & Pendlimarri Mandals, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh State. There are totally 219 units proposed for the proposed site. The site is located at 6 Km from Kadapa and 1.26 Km from Krishnapuram. The site falls in 57H/9 of SOI Topo sheet and spatial location of the site is 12 48’ 3.22” N & 79 39’ 35.22” E (Centre Coordinates).

1.2 Project Description

1.2.1 Land Acquisition The area for Kopparthy MIP is already in possession of APIIC. The land is devoid of any settlements and as such there will be no Land Acquisition and Resettlement or Rehabilitation for development of proposed IP. APIIC had acquired the land for development of MIP from both Government and private owners. The village wise land extent is given in Table - 1. Table - 1 Village wise and extent

Name of the Village & Possession Taken From Revenue Authorities (in Acres) Sl.No. Mandal Govt., DKT Patta Total 1 Kopparthy (V), CK Dinne 544.61 2771.48 346.88 3662.97 (M) 2 Tadigotla (V), CK Dinne 392.59 366.17 38.38 797.14 (M) 3 Yadavapuram (V), Vallur 441.95 365.15 186.69 993.79 (M)

4 Tholagangana Palli (V), 58.82 118.76 34.93 212.51 Vallur (M) 5 Ambavaram (V), 69.11 477.63 157.96 704.7 Pendlimarri (M) 6 Rampathadu (V), 74.11 53.95 53.87 181.93 Pendlimarri (M) TOTAL 1581.19 4153.14 818.71 6553.04

1.2.2 Proposed Master Plan

The proposed industries within MIP are classified as Red Orange and green category. The area breakup of allotment is given in Table- 2. The individual plot area to be allotted for each industry is given in the Master Plan. The type of industries proposed is given in Table- 3.

Page xix Table- 2 Area breakup for proposed Mega Industrial Park S. No. Proposal Area (Acres) Area (%) 1 Total land 6553.04 100 area 2 Plotted Area 2973.77 45.38 3 Common 203.36 3.10 Facilities 4 Commercial 56.15 0.86 Area 5 Tanks 216.93 3.31 6 Roads 897.76 13.70 7 Open Space 694.62 10.60

8 Green belt 1510.45 23.05

Table- 3 Type of Industries Proposed Category as per EIA App. No of S.No Industry type Area Acres notification units Synthetic Organic A 175 5 1 chemicals (Pharma) 2 Paint Industry B 175 5 3 Dyes and Intermediates A 180 10 Petrochemical based A 250 5 4 processing R and D units - 100 10 5 6 Textile - 75 5 7 Food processing - 100 6 8 Soft drinks - 90 6 9 Milk chilling and Diary - 115 10 10 Agro based units - 125 15 11 Glass Manufacturing - 130 2 12 Automobile parts - 110 10 Electrical machinery parts - 60 10 13 15 Garments 60 10 16 Gems and jewellery 115 20 17 Industrial carbon - 70 5 18 Carbon Black A 175 3 19 Metallurgical Industries B 170 10 20 Cement Manufacturing B 110 2 21 Lead acid batteries - 90 5 22 Steel rerolling - 100 20 23 TSDF Facility A 75 1 Waste oil/ drums - 24 processing units 50 5 25 Solvent recovery units - 55 5 26 CETP B 70 4

Page xx Industrial gases/ Isolated B 27 storage 95 5

28 Lubricating oils - 53.77 25 Total 2973.77 219

1.2.3 Water requirement

Water requirement for construction phase is proposed as 250 KLD and operation phase is 35150 KLD for industrial and domestic use. Fresh water requirement is 30515 KLD. Recycled water to be used for utilities is 4635 KLD. Water requirement for green belt is 21501 KLD which will be met from recycled water. Fresh Water requirement will be met from Adinimmayapalli Reservoir located at 8.2 km away from proposed park.

1.2.4 Wastewater Treatment It is proposed to provide CSTP s of 2 numbers each of capacity 200 KLD and 350 KLD to treat the sewage generated from the individual industries. The sewer line from industries to proposed CSTP is also to be provided. Treated sewage of 550 KLD and treated effluent of 21501 KLD will be used for green belt development It is proposed to provide CETP of 4 numbers each of capacity 10000 KLD, 2000 KLD, 2500 KLD and 12000KLD to treat the effluent generated from the individual industries. Effluent pipeline from industries to CETP is also to be provided. Treated effluent will be used for utilities/ by the industries / green belt. Zero Liquid Discharge concept is proposed. 1.2.5 Storm Water drainage Storm water drainage channel will be proposed along the main road and internal roads. Storm water manholes of 350 nos. 0.6m x 0.6 m, recharge pits – 1800 nos. of 1.2 m dia and 3.0 m depth are proposed along the storm water drain and the excess storm water will be connected to the existing tanks of total area 216.93 Acres at the site. 1.2.6 Solid Waste Management Municipal Solid Waste generation during construction and operation phases is proposed in Table-4. Population considered for construction phase is 600 Nos. and for operation phase are 7000 nos. Table- 4 Municipal Solid Waste generation Waste Construction phase Operation Phase Collection Disposal method Quantity ( kg/day) Quantity (kg/day) Method organic 135 1575 Bins composting STP sludge nil 45 Bins Composting Inorganic 165 1925 Bins Authorized vendors

Page xxi • Waste generation calculated as per CPHEEO guidelines of 0.50 kg/capita /day. • Organic waste generated will be 45 % of total solid waste and inorganic waste generated will be 55 %. • Sludge to be generated from 350 KLD & 150 KLD STP = 45 Kg/day Area proposed for waste management is around 5000Sq.m will be allotted for MSW processing. Individual Industries will be insisted to dispose their hazardous waste generated to the common TSDF facility proposed at site. Till it is established, the individual industries will dispose to TSDF already existing at Visakhapatnam. The salt generated from the CETP (Evaporator) will be disposed in the same manner. 1.2.7 Power Requirement The overall tentative power requirement for the proposed project will be approximately 369 MVA and the source of power is APEPDCL. Power requirement calculation is given Table- 5. Table- 5 Power requirement for Industries App. No Approx. Power Power S.No Industry type Area Acres of units requirement/ (MVA) Synthetic Organic unit (kVA) 1 175 5 1000 5 chemicals (Pharma) 2 Paint Industry 175 5 1000 5 Dyes and 3 180 10 1000 10 Intermediates Petrochemical based 4 250 5 5000 25 processing 5 R and D units 100 10 500 5 6 Textile 75 5 1000 5

7 Food processing 100 6 1000 6

8 Soft drinks 90 6 1000 6 Milk chilling and 9 115 10 1000 10 Diary 10 Agro based units 125 15 500 7.5 Glass 11 130 2 5000 10 Manufacturing 12 Automobile parts 110 10 500 5

Electrical machinery 13 60 10 500 5 parts 15 Garments 60 10 500 5 Gems and 16 115 20 500 10 jewellery 17 Industrial carbon 70 5 1000 5

Page xxii 18 Carbon Black 175 3 5000 15 Metallurgical 19 170 10 8000 80 Industries Cement 20 110 2 5000 10 Manufacturing Lead acid 21 90 5 2500 12.5 batteries 22 Steel rerolling 100 20 4000 80 23 TSDF Facility 75 1 1000 1 Waste oil/ drums 24 50 5 250 1.25 processing 25 Solventunits recovery units 55 5 500 2.5

26 CETP 70 4 5000 20 Industrial 27 gases/ Isolated 95 5 700 3.5 storage 28 Lubricating oils 53.77 25 750 18.75 Total 2973.77 219 53700 369

1.2.8 Green Belt An area of 1510.45 Acres (23.04%) is earmarked for green belt development. Apart from this open area of 694.62 Acres (10. 59%) is also proposed for green belt. Hence the total area for green belt is 2205.07 Acres (33.65 %). APIIC will also insist on providing green belt by individual industry units, so that more than 33 % green belt will be developed within the park. Green belt also will be proposed on the median of roads and avenue plantation. 1.2.9 Project Cost The total capital investment on the project is INR 1305.75 Crores. The project will be implemented after obtaining Environmental Clearance and Consent for Establishment. The tentative schedule for development of Infrastructure will be 24 to 36 Months after obtaining Environmental Clearance and Consent for Establishment.

1.3 Description of Environment

The primary baseline data monitored covered three (3) months i.e., from September to November 2016, and secondary data was collected from Government and Semi-Government organisations. Ecologically sensitive areas like Ganganapalle Reserve Forest and Extension were found within 4 Km radius in the southern region of the project site and Tummuluru Reserve Forest and Extension were found in western region of the project site 9km, except these Page xxiii Pankolda Reserve Forest and Extension, Kolumulapalle Reserve Forest, Lankamalla Reserve Forest and Extension located within 15 Km radius from proposed project site. 1.3.1 Meteorological Conditions • Daily maximum temperature during the study period is 34.8ºC and the daily minimum temperature is 21.7ºC were recorded in the months of September and November respectively • Maximum and minimum relative humidity of 79% and 57% were recorded in the months of September to November respectively • Maximum and minimum rainfall of 260.2 mm and 139.5 mm was recorded in the months of September and November respectively • Total rainfall recorded during the study period is 183.9 mm • Maximum and minimum Mean wind speed during the study period is 2.6 m/s and 1.9 m/s. • Predominant wind direction is NE.

1.3.2 Ambient Air Environment Eight monitoring locations were selected for monitoring of Ambient Air Quality within the study area. Maximum concentrations of PM10, PM 2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, Pb, O3, NH3, C6H6, C20 H12, As & Ni are well within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Industrial, Commercial and Residential areas at all monitoring locations during the study period.

1.3.3 Noise Quality Eight monitoring locations were selected for monitoring of noise levels. The field observations during the study period indicate that the ambient noise levels slightly exceeded the prescribed standards for all noise zones as per the limits prescribed by MoEF&CC. 1.3.4 Water Quality The prevailing status of water quality at 8 sampling locations for ground water and 4 sampling locations for surface water has been assessed during September – November 2016. Surface water • Surface waters are slightly alkaline in nature, pH ranged between 8.04 and 8.13 • Electrical Conductivity (EC) ranged between 218 µS/cm and 344 µS/cm • Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) ranged between 132 mg/l and 217 mg/l • Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) recorded maximum of 3.5 mg/l Page xxiv • Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ranged between 2.0 mg/l and 7.4 mg/l • Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ranged between 5.8 mg/l and 6.2 mg/l • Total Hardness (as CaCO3) ranged between 40 mg/l and 108 mg/l Ground Water • pH ranged between 7.73 and 8.32 • Electrical Conductivity (EC) varied between 1045 µS/cm and 2234 µS/cm • Total dissolved solids ranged between 643 mg/l and 1395 mg/l • Total alkalinity (as CaCO3) varied between 210 mg/l and 320 mg/l • Total hardness (as CaCO3) ranged between 195 mg/l and 583 mg/l • The concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Arsenic (As), and Mercury (Hg) are observed to be below detectable limits at all locations

1.3.5 Soil In order to assess the quality of soil at different locations in the study area, various land use categories were taken into account. Soil sampling was carried out at Eight (08) locations in the study area. • Silty Clay type soils are dominant in the study area • pH of soils ranged between 7.58 and 8.52 • Electrical Conductivity varied between 54 µmhos/cm and 304 µmhos/cm • Nitrogen (N) varied between 46.8 Kg/ha and 436 Kg/ha • Phosphorous (P) varied between 54.2 Kg/ha and 720 Kg/ha • Potassium (K) varied between 216 Kg/ha and 864 Kg/ha • Moisture Content varied between 1.43 % and 13.93% • Bulk density varied between 1.16 gm/cc and 1.37 gm/cc

1.3.6 Biological Environment Baseline biological survey was carried out to assess the ecology of the study area. The study area has open forest cover in the western region. Large tracts of the land are under Paddy, cotton, maize and chilli cultivation. There are no endangered / scheduled species found within the study area. 1.3.7 Socio Economic Environment The project area of 10 Km radius has the population of 5,07,494. The project area is more urban as 72.71% of the population is in the urban area. • Total households within the study area was 104054, Total population – 452714. The male and female ratio is 50.27 and 49.73 respectively. The child population is 51795.

Page xxv • Health facility is available in the project area as Kadapa is the part of the project area. There is a District Hospital providing multi specialized health services in Kadapa town. Also, many Private hospitals and practitioners are available. There is no infectious disease in the project area. The Maternal Mortality Rate and Infant Mortality rate have reduced significantly due to the availability of health care facility in rural area, skilled manpower, economic factor, education and awareness. • Tap water is the main source of drinking water. The people are aware of the importance of purified water .In the case of sanitation access to the toilets is very low. • The project area has a good number of educational institutions and well connected by road services. The dropout rate is falling over the period due to the accessibility of schools and awareness of the importance of education. The area has a good number of higher education intuitions • Agriculture is the main occupation of the district. Nearly 60% (59.53%) of workers are involved in the agriculture and allied occupation. The principal crops can be classified as cereals, pulses, oil seeds and other crops. • Kadapa Yerraguntla. Pulivendula, Proddatur Industrial estates are very close to the proposed Industrial estate. Bharathi Cements, Zuari Cements, India cements are reputed industries in the area.

1.4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures • APIIC proposes development of MIP in an area of about 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Ha). The complete land for development of MIP is in possession of APIIC Ltd for more than two years. The land is devoid of any settlements and there will be some land acquisition and Resettlement or Rehabilitation for development of the proposed project. • Sewage generated from various industries will be treated in proposed CSTP. Effluent generated from industries will be treated in proposed CETP followed by RO & ZLD. Rejects from RO will be treated in existing Multiple Effect Evaporator of MIP. Salts generated from MEE will be disposed to TSDF. • Treated wastewater from CSTP will be used for green belt development/Toilet Flushing within MIP premises and treated effluents from CETP will be reused as non potable water for various applications (mostly utilities). Discharge of wastewater on land is not permitted and there will not be

Page xxvi any impacts due to contamination of soil, ground and surface water (canals & numerous village ponds) in and around the project sites, so that the proposed system will be Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system. • Hazardous materials such as lubricants, paints, compressed gases, and varnishes etc., will be stored as per the prescribed/approved safety norms. Hazardous materials will be stored as per prescribed safety norms in locations with restricted entry and with fire-fighting facilities. • H azardous wastes will be disposed through approved APPCB vendors. • Mod eling was done using Aeromod for calculating the ground level concentration. The predicted GLC for utility stacks and DG stacks for SOx, NOx and PM10 were found within the NAAQ standards. • All Process units of chemical industry in the MIP will be provided with APC measures of Suitable Wet Double Stage Scrubbers with Acid & Alkali Provision followed by Dry Scrubber with Activated Carbon media then routed to stack calculated as per MoEF&CC guidelines. Wet Scrubber circulation water has to be routed to Effluent stream for further treatment. Online Analyzers will be mounted for continuous monitoring as per CPCB Guidelines. • All boilers will be provided with APC measures of Multicyclone & Bag Filters then routed to stack calculated as per MoEF&CC guidelines. Online Analyzers to be mounted for continuous monitoring as per CPCB Guidelines. • All DG sets will be provided with stack & Acoustic measures as per CPCB Guidelines. Use of low sulphur diesel will minimize the emissions from D.G set. Location of DG sets and other emission generating equipment will be decided keeping in view the predominant wind direction so that emissions do not effect nearby residential areas. 1.5 Environmental Monitoring Programme Environmental monitoring programme for both construction and operation phases of the project. During construction phase, monitoring locations are formulated as follows - Ambient air quality- 8 locations, noise levels- 8 locations, water quality(ground water- 8 locations, surface water- 4 locations), soil quality -8 locations and Meteorology. Of the eight locations Kopparthy, Thologanganapalle, Ambavaram, Rampathadu are within site, Beligi Palli towards SE of site, Putha Chinnayapallee towards N of site, Vellatur towards SW of site and Paidikalva towards NW of site. In the operation phase, the monitoring Page xxvii locations are proposed as given below. Ambient air quality- 8 locations, noise levels- 8 locations, water quality(ground water- 8 locations, surface water- 4 locations), soil quality -8 locations, Meteorology at site, effluent quality at both inlet and outlets – at 4 CETP, sewage quality at both inlet and outlet – at 2 CSTP, sewage sludge – from 2 CSTP. The budget for Environmental monitoring for a year during construction phase is proposed as Rs. 27 Lakhs and during operation phase is proposed as Rs. 89.95 Lakhs. 1.6 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan

A disaster is a catastrophic situation in which suddenly, people are plunged into helplessness and suffering and, as a result, need protection, clothing, shelter, medical & social care and other necessities of life. The Disaster Management Plan (DMP) is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage operations in this same order of priorities. The objective of the DMP is to make use of the combined resources of the project facilities and the outside services to achieve the following: • Effective rescue and medical treatment of casualties • Safeguard other people • Minimize damage to property and the environment • Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control • Identify any dead • Provide for the needs of relatives • Provide authoritative information to the news media • Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area • Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into the cause and circumstances of the emergency. 1.7 Project Benefits The project area covers within MIP is classified as an important industrial park for integrated over all development by the APIIC. This MIP is going to benefit the entire region for fast track development. It will improve the overall socioeconomic growth of the region.

1.8 Environmental Management Plan

Following specific environmental management plan/measures are discussed; • Administrative and Technical Setup for Environmental Management • Rainwater harvesting • Occupational health and safety

Page xxviii • Framework for environmental management to mitigate the environmental impacts, which are likely to arise due to the construction and operational phases of the project to be achieved through a suitable institutional mechanism. • Budget for EMP is proposed as Rs. 370.8 Crores as capital cost and Rs. 3.85 Crores as operational cost. • Budget for CSR initiative is proposed as Rs. 90 Lakhs as capital cost and Rs.7.5 Lakhs as operational cost.

1.9 Conclusion • There is no forest land involved for the proposed project and hence forest clearance is not applicable for the project. • There are no national parks/ wild life sanctuaries located within 10 Km radius of the project site. • Green belt development of 33% will be ensured for the project. • The proposed industrial park will also help to accommodate the relocation of several industries from the densely populated state capital. • The project site shall require no displacement of habitation and away from the habitation area. • The project site will have good approach roads being developed by the Government and thus will lead to hindrance free approach for transportation of heavy equipment without causing any problems for the public. • The proposed project will improve the socioeconomic condition of surrounding area there by improving the economy of State and the country.

Page xxix CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION

Page xxx Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview of the project

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report is prepared for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, Yadavapuram, Tadigotla, Tollaganapalli, Ambavaram & Rampathadu Villages, Chintakomma Dine, Vallur & Pendlimarri Mandals, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh State. The project scope involves various Industrial units to be proposed within the Mega Industrial Park in an area of 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Hectares) of land to be Developed By (APIIC) Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation.

1.1.1 Project proponent Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (APIIC), an undertaking of Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, is a premier organization in the state, vested with the objective of providing Industrial infrastructure through development of Industrial Parks and Special Economic Zones. Over 253 Industrial Parks have been established throughout the State, covering an extent of over 1,30,000 acres. The Industrial Parks and Special Economic Zones are playing a pivotal role, in attracting investments to the State both domestic & foreign by providing multiple incentives. Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation was formed in 1973 by the GO No: 831 dated 10-SEP-1973 issued by Government of Andhra Pradesh.  APIIC is spread over in all districts of Andhra Pradesh having 15 Zonal Offices.  APIIC has manpower of all sectors including Administration, Engineering & Quality Assurance, Legal, Marketing, Finance & Internal Audit etc.,  APIIC will undertake infrastructure development in its Industrial parks and takes up regular maintenance.  APIIC is also delegated with Local Authority Powers under Panchayat Raj & Municipal Act by GoAP.

1.2 Proposed project

The proposed Mega Industrial Park project is proposed at Kopparthy village, with an area of 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Ha). The proposed Industrial Park will function as an integrated package with all the required facilities, which will ensure sustainable development of small, medium and large scale industries with sufficient provision for future growth and expansion.

Page 1 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

1.3 Justification and need for the project

Indian economy has witnessed tremendous growth in the last decade primarily due to the contributions made by the exports. In order to augment the growth of the exports the Government has to setup IPs, SEZs, Industrial Estates (IEs), etc., which would provide a hassle free and internationally competitive environment for companies. The exports have been facilitated by the growth in a number of industries such as chemical industries, pharmaceutical, textiles, Petro Chemical, engineering industries, etc. South India especially Tamil Nadu, Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh States has the majority of IPs, SEZs & IEs. The proposed IP would provide infrastructure support and other incentives for the growth of most lucrative businesses in Andhra Pradesh.

The major developmental change that happened during the 2014-15 financial year is the division of erstwhile AP into two states viz., Telangana and Andhra Pradesh formed on the day of June 2, 2015. The Telangana with Hyderabad as its capital city is carved out of erstwhile AP as the 29thState of the Union of India. Capitalizing the loss of Hyderabad to the other state as a “blessing in disguise” the AP state is gearing up with high strength for much better bargaining with regards to economic and developmental support from Government of India (GOI). In this regard the state has already made significant strides but eligible and qualified to get total support from GOI. In order to augment the growth, the state has planned multitude of development options in all sectors (tourism, Water resources, Agriculture, urban development, education etc.,) including industrial sector. The proposed IP is one such development to improve economy and employment generation.

1.4 Location of the project

The Industrial Park is proposed at Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram, Thollaganganapalli, Ambavaram, and Rampathadu villages of Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur and Pendlimarri Mandals, YSR Kadapa district in Andhra Pradesh. The site is located at 6 Km from Kadapa and 1.26 Km from Krishnapuram with an area of 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Hectares). Location map of the site with 10 Km radius is given inFigure 1-1and the Google image is given in Figure 1-2. The salient features of the site are given in Table 1-1.

Page 2 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

N

Figure 1-1Location of the Proposed Project Site

Figure 1-2 Google image showing the project Site Boundary

Page 3 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Table 1-1 Salient features of the project site and its environs (10Km radius study Area) Sl.No. Particulars Details 1 Location: Village Kopparthy, Tadigodla, Yadavapuram, T.G.Palli, Ambavaram & Rampathadu Taluk (Mandal) Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur & Pendlimarri Mandals District YSR Kadapa State Andhra Pradesh 2 Latitude Phase 1 Phase 2 14˚ 28’ 43.51”N 14˚ 28’ 26.76” N 14˚ 29’ 04.15” N 14˚ 28’ 15.56” N 14˚ 29’ 18.32” N 14˚ 28’ 26.30” N 14˚ 30’ 03.02” N 14˚ 27’ 48.93” N 14˚ 31’ 19.61” N 14˚ 27’ 19.28” N 14˚ 30’ 19.81” N 14˚ 26’ 43.24” N 14˚ 29’ 56.98” N 14˚ 26’ 25.69” N 14˚ 31’ 20.88” N 14˚ 26’ 37.28” N 3 Longitude Phase 1 Phase 2 78˚ 42’ 53.29” E 78˚ 43’ 27.44” E 78˚ 43’ 58.95” E 78˚ 44’ 45.12” E 78˚ 44’ 24.72” E 78˚ 44’ 14.95” E 78˚ 44’ 53.16” E 78˚ 45’ 39.70” E 78˚ 45’ 51.77” E 78˚ 45’ 50.80” E 78˚ 44’ 22.48” E 78˚ 45’ 26.81” E 78˚ 42’ 55.08” E 78˚ 43’ 38.60” E

4 Elevation above mean 140 -163 mt (AMSL) sea level (MSL) 5 Climatic conditions as per Tropical wet and dry with high temperature. IMD Annual Max. Temperature – 40.3ºC Annual Min. Temperature- 34.5ºC

Page 4 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Sl.No. Particulars Details Annual Total Rainfall – 675 mm Predominant wind direction – SW Average Wind speed- 2.5m/s 6 Present land use at the Dry land with shrubs proposed site 7 Nearest Highway/Road NH - ≈18- 2.4Km (E) SH – ≈31- 6.9km (E) 8 Defence installations Nil within 10Km radius 9 Nearest railway station Krishnapuram – ≈1.26Km (E) 10 Nearest airport/air strip Kadapa – ≈1 Km (E) 11 Nearest villages Ganganpalle – ≈700m (W) Pabbapuram – ≈1.45Km (E) Rampathadu – ≈1.63Km (W) Ambavaram – ≈1.08Km (N) Charlopalle – ≈2.35Km (NE) Yadavapuram – ≈270m (W) 12 Nearest City Yerraguntla - ≈19Km (W) 13 Nearest town Kadapa – ≈6Km (E) 14 Nearest river Papagni River – ≈1.5Km (NW) 15 Hills/valleys Pendlipenta Hill – ≈12Km – (E) Palamani Hill – ≈13Km – (S) Pangodla Hill range – ≈12Km – (S) Lankamalla Hill ranges – ≈11Km – (E) 16 Archaeologically Nil with in 10 Km radius important places 17 Nearest place of Ameen Peer Dargha - ≈6.6Km (NE) Tourist/Religious (324 Years old Dargha) importance Gandikota Reservoir - ≈56 Km (NW) Sri kodandarama Swamy Temple - ≈29Km (SE) Sri Veerabhadra Swamy Temple - ≈18.7Km (N) 18 Ecologically sensitive Sri Lankamalleswara Wild Life Sanctuary – areas (National ≈11Km (NE)

Page 5 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Sl.No. Particulars Details Parks/Wildlife sanctuaries/bio-sphere reserves) 19 Reserved/Protected Ganganapalle R. F ≈ 4Km S forests within 10 km Pankolda R. F ≈ 12Km S radius Kolumulapalle R. F ≈ 12Km SE Lankamalla R. F ≈ 11 Km NE Tummuluru R. F ≈ 9Km W 20 List of Major Polluting Dalmia Cements (P) Ltd., - ≈2.65Km - NNE Industries 21 Topography of the plant Plain site 22 Nature of soil Red and Black Soil

1.4.1 Justification for site selection APIIC has already finalized the area for Mega Industrial Park since it is located adjacent to state highway. Airport and Seaports are the additional added advantages for the business and socio economic development and improvement for the district. Very good State Highways, National Highways and rail networks connect the industrial park with the added advantage of Kadapa Airport at a distance of 1Km from the project site. The proposed site has been finalized by Government of Andhra Pradesh.The site finalization is based on the following parameters: a) Greater master plan prepared for the proposed industrial park. b) External connectivity to rail, road, power, water and other infrastructures. c) Skilled man power available in YSR Kadapa district. Thus, the selection of the site is justified.

1.4.2 Selected Project site APIIC proposes to develop a Mega Industrial Park with a total area of 6553.04Acres (2651.92 Ha) at Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram, Tollaganapalli, Ambavaram & Rampathadu Villages, covering Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur & Pendlimarri Mandals of YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh State.

Page 6 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

1.5 Need for the EIA study

As per the EIA Notification 2006 and its subsequent amendments, issued by Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC) under Environment Protection Act, Industrial Estates with area greater than >500 ha and housing at least one Category B industry are required to obtain Environmental Clearance. 1.5.1 Project screening and ToR The proposed project was appraised by the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF & CC) during the meeting of Expert Appraisal Committee for projects related to Infrastructure Development, Coastal Regulation Zone, Building/Construction and Miscellaneous projects held on 28-29 Jan and 28-29 Mar 2016 and accorded Terms of Reference vide Letter no. F.No.21-1/2016-IA.III dated May 23, 2016. The same is attached as Appendix I. ToR Compliance is attached as Appendix II.

1.5.2 EIA study The EIA study was undertaken covering all the aspects of the specific conditions mentioned in the Terms of Reference (ToR) issued by MoEF & CC, New Delhi. This EIA study was undertaken by M/s Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai (HECS), a NABET accredited EIA consulting organization, with specific project related inputs required for undertaking the EIA studies for Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (APIIC), Vijayawada. M/s. Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd is authorized to undertake EIA studies for Industrial estates/parks/complexes/areas, export processing zones (EPZs), Special Economic Zones (SEZs), Biotech Parks, leather Complexes as per the NABET accreditation scheme.

1.5.3 Cost of the EIA study The cost for EIA studies is Rs.20,80,000/- (Rupees Twenty Lakhs Eighty thousand only)

1.6 Regulatory Context

The following standards are denoted the basic standards for the EIA baseline studies. During the study period, the baseline monitoring of all the parameters are compared based on the standards only.

Page 7 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

1.6.1 Minimum Stack Height Standards The minimum height of stack to be provided with each generator set can be worked out using the following formula: H = h+0.2x /KVA H = Total height of stack in metre h = Height of the building in metres where the generator set is installed KVA = Total generator capacity of the set in KVA Based on the above formula the minimum stack height to be provided with different range of generator sets may be categorised as follows: For Generator Sets Total Height of stack in metre 50 KVA Ht. of the building + 1.5 metre 50-100 KVA Ht. of the building + 2.0 metre 100-150 KVA Ht. of the building + 2.5 metre 150-200 KVA Ht. of the building + 3.0 metre 200-250 KVA Ht. of the building + 3.5 metre 250-300 KVA Ht. of the building + 3.5 metre Similarly, for higher KVA ratings a stack height can be worked out using the above formula.

1.6.2 Diesel Generator Noise Standards a. Noise Standards for DG sets (15-500 KVA):

The total sound power level, Lw, of a DG set should be less than 94+10 log10 (KVA), dB (A), at the manufacturing stage, where, KVA is the nominal power rating of a DG set. This level should fall by 5 dB (A) every five years, till 2007, i.e. in 2002 and then in 2007. b. Mandatory acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of room for stationary DG sets (5 KVA and above): Noise from the DG sets should be controlled by providing an acoustic enclosure on by treating the room acoustically. The acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of the room should be designed for minimum 25 dB(A). Insertion Loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards, whichever is on the higher side (if the actual ambient noise is on the higher side, it may not be possible to check the performance of the acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment. Under such circumstances the performance may Page 8 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

be checked for noise reduction up to actual ambient noise level, preferably, in the night time). The measurement for Insertion Loss may be done at different points at 0.5m from the acoustic enclosure/room, and then averaged. The DG set should also be provided with proper exhaust muffler with Insertion Loss of minimum 25 dB(A). c. Guidelines for the manufacturers/users of DG sets 5 KVA and above:  The manufacturer should offer to the user a standard acoustic enclosure of 25 dB(A) Insertion Loss and also a suitable exhaust muffler with Insertion Loss of 25 dB(A).  The user should make efforts to bring down the noise levels due to the DG set; outside his premises, within the ambient noise requirements by proper siting and control measures.  The manufacturer should furnish noise power levels of the unsilenced DG sets as per standards prescribed under (A).  The total sound power level of a DG set, at the user's end, shall be within 2 dB(A) of the total sound power level of the DG set, at the manufacturing stage, as prescribed under (A).  Installation of a DG set must be strictly in compliance with the recommendation of the DG set manufacturer.  A proper routine and preventive maintenance procedure for the DG set should be set and followed in consultation with the DG set manufacturer which would help prevent noise levels of the DG set from deteriorating with use. 1.6.3 Work-zone Noise Standards Work zone noise standards are given in Table 1-2.

Table 1-2 General noise standards Area Code Category Area Limits in dB (A) Leq Day Time Night Time A Industrial area 75 70 B Commercial area 65 55 C Residential area 55 45 D Silence zone 50 40

Page 9 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Definition: Day time: Between 6 AM and 10 PM Night time: Between 10 PM and 6 AM Silence Zone: Areas upto 100 metres around such premises as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the Competent Authority. Use of vehicular horns, loudspeakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones. 1.6.4 Ambient Air Quality Standards The National Ambient Air Quality Standards are given in Table 1-3

Table 1-3National Ambient Air Quality Standards Pollutant Time Weighted Concentration in Ambient Air (µg/m3) Average Industrial Ecologically Sensitive Residential, Rural & Areas (notified by Other Areas Central Government) Sulphur dioxide Annual Average* 50 20 3 (SO2) (µg/m ) 24 hrs** 80 80 Nitrogen dioxide Annual Average* 40 30 3 (NO2) (µg/m ) 24 hrs ** 80 80 Particulate Matter Annual Average* 60 60 (Size less than 10 24 hrs ** 100 100 3 µg) (PM10) (µg/m ) Particulate Matter Annual Average* 40 40 (Size less than 2.5 24 hrs ** 60 60 3 µg) (PM2.5) (µg/m )

Ozone (O3) 8 hrs ** 100 100 (µg/m3) 1 hrs ** 180 180 Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) Annual Average* 0.5 0.5 24 hrs ** 1.5 1.0 Carbon monoxide 8 hrs ** 2000 2000 (CO) (µg/m3) 1 hrs ** 4000 4000

Ammonia (NH3) Annual Average* 100 100 (µg/m3) 24 hrs ** 400 400

Benzene (C6H6) Annual* 5 5 Benzo(a) Pyrene Annual* 0.001 0.001 (BaP)- Particulate phase only (µg/m3) Arsenic (As) Annual* 0.006 0.006 (µg/m3) Nickel (Ni) (µg/m3) Annual* 0.020 0.020

Page 10 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Note: *Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval. **24 hourly/8 hourly/1 hourly monitored values, as applicable, should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days of monitoring.

Page 11 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

1.6.5 Treated Wastewater Discharge Standards The tolerance limits for discharge of trade wastewaters are given in Table 1-4.

Table 1-4Tolerance limits for discharge of trade wastewaters Sl. Characteristics Tolerance Limits for Discharge of Trade Wastewaters into No. Inland surface Public Sewers On Land for Marine Coastal Areas Waters (a) (b) Irrigation (c) (d) 1 Suspended Solids mg/l 100 600 200 a. For process waste water-100 b. For cooling water wastewater 10 percent above, total suspended matter of influent cooling water 2 Particle Size of Suspended Shall pass 850 - - a. Floatable solids Solids micron I.S. Sieve maximum 3 mm. b. Settlable solids maximum 850 microns 3 Dissolved Solids (inorganic) 2100 2100 2100 - mg/l 4 pH Value 5.5 to 9 5.5 to 9 5.5 to 9 5.5 to 9 5 Temperature 45°C at the point of 45°C at the 45°C at the point of discharge point of discharge discharge 6 Oil & Grease mg/l 10 20 10 20 7 Total Residual Chlorine mg/l 1.0 - - 1.0 8 Ammonical Nitrogen (as N) 50 50 - 50 mg/l 9 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (as N) 100 - - 100 mg/l

Page 12 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Sl. Characteristics Tolerance Limits for Discharge of Trade Wastewaters into No. Inland surface Public Sewers On Land for Marine Coastal Areas Waters (a) (b) Irrigation (c) (d)

10 Free Ammonia (as NH3) mg/l 5.0 - - 5.0 11 Bio Chemical Oxygen 30 350 100 100 Demand (3 days at 27°C) mg/l 12 Chemical Oxygen Demand 250 - - 250 mg/l 13 Arsenic (as As ) mg/l 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 14 Mercury (as Hg) mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 15 Lead (as Pb ) mg/l 0.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 16 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 17 Hexavalent Chromium (as Cr 0.1 2.0 0.1 0.1 +6 ) mg/l 18 Total Chromium (as Cr) mg/l 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 19 Copper (as Cu) mg/l 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 20 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 21 Selenium (as Se) mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 22 Nickel (as Ni) mg/l 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 23 Boron (as B) mg/l 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 24 Percent Sodium % - 60 60 - 25 Residual Sodium Carbonate - - 5.0 - mg/l 26 Cyanide (as CN) mg/l 0.2 2.0 0.2 0.2 27 Chloride (as Cl ) mg/l 1000 1000 600 - 28 Fluoride (as F) mg/l 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 29 Dissolved Phosphates (as P) 5.0 - - - mg/l

30 Sulphates (as SO4) mg/l 1000 1000 1000 1000 31 Sulphides (as S) mg/l 2.0 - 2.0 5.0

Page 13 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Sl. Characteristics Tolerance Limits for Discharge of Trade Wastewaters into No. Inland surface Public Sewers On Land for Marine Coastal Areas Waters (a) (b) Irrigation (c) (d) 32 Pesticides Absent Absent Absent Absent 33 Phenolic Compounds (as 1.0 5.0 5.0 5.0

C6H5OH) mg/l 34 Radio Active Materials a. Alpha emitters micro 10-7 10-7 10-8 10-7 curie/ml b. Beta emitters micro 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-7 curie/ml

Page 14 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

1.7 Overview of the Methodology of the EIA Study

 The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report has been prepared based on the methods and guidelines suggested by MoEF&CC to address all the specific conditions stipulated in the Terms of Reference issued by MoEF & CC.  The EIA study team, headed by EIA Coordinator, along with the approved Functional Area Experts, undertook detailed baseline studies as per the ToR.  Micro-meteorological data comprising hourly readings of wind speed, wind direction, dry bulb temperature, relative humidity and rainfall details were measured by installing an onsite meteorological station near the Project site. Hourly/monthly readings were collected for a period of three (03) months.  Micro-meteorological data was adopted for generating wind rose diagrams and also to predict the ground level concentrations due to release of emissions from the proposed facility.  Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) was measured at eight (8) locations in the study area as per the methods and procedures recommended by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) Air quality sampling was undertaken for a period of 12 weeks with a total of 24 samples per site were taken as per the MoEF&CC guidelines. Stipulated criteria pollutants such as particulate matter size less than 10 microns

(PM10), particulate matter size less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide

(SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC) and

Ozone (O3) were analysed at all the locations. The measured background air quality data was compared with that of the prevailing National Ambient Air Quality Standards and this will also form the basis for predicting the cumulative air quality scenario due to the operation of the proposed facility.  Hydro-geological status was studied based on the secondary published long-term data. Data on sub-surface soil profile in the study area was obtained. In addition, a preliminary study on the regional and local aquifer status was studied based on secondary data.  Ground water samples from eight (08) locations were analysed as per the terms of reference for all the designated parameters. The measured values were compared with drinking water standards. Secondary data on the regional ground water status was also collected from the Central Ground Water Board and the State Ground Water Board.

Page 15 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

There are no major perennial rivers flowing within the study area. However, surface water samples from eight (08) locations were analysed as per the terms of reference for all the designated parameters. All seasonal streams, rivers and water bodies located within the study area were mapped through latest remote sensing data under land use and land cover study. Walkthrough surveys were undertaken to assess the current status of the water resources. Details about the major cropping pattern and irrigation methods etc were collected from local village offices and also published district census data. Details of the surface water quality in the study area were also collected and analysed for designated physicochemical, elemental and biological parameters. Land use and land cover was mapped using remote sensing satellite imagery. The data was processed using applicable software models and level 1 land use classification within the study area was developed. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the study area was also developed to assess the terrain conditions and also possible flooding scenarios, although there are no perennial rivers in the study area. A walkthrough survey was also undertaken near the forest boundaries, major settlements and plantation area to verify the land use as a part of the ground truth survey procedures. Soil samples were also collected at eight (08) locations and all relevant parameters such as texture, nutrients, heavy metals and other parameters were analysed in the soil samples. Flora and Fauna survey was undertaken in the study area and all spotted ecological and biological aspects were mapped based on grid sampling method. Bio-diversity density and abundance were estimated. Walkthrough surveys near forest area and its environs were also undertaken to assess the ecology around the forest areas and dependency of the local people on the forest produce. Primary socio economic survey was undertaken in the study area to capture the socio-economic conditions, major occupation of the people, drinking water and sanitation facilities, transportation and other amenities in the study area, with a specific reference to the villages located within five (5) km radius of the project site and villages located within 5 to 10Km radius of the project site. A typical review on the various industrial units, various pollution control systems proposed details of wastes and discharges that are envisaged from the proposed project were also undertaken. Such inputs are adopted while predicting various environmental impacts due to operation of the facility and also to suggest an appropriate environmental management plan and environmental monitoring plan. As a part of the Environmental Impact Assessment study, an attempt was made to predict the possible and likely impacts on background environment. Likely air quality impacts due to

Page 16 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh release of emissions within the MIP and outside MIP within 10Km study area were modeled using AERMOD model. Ground level concentration of criteria pollutants such as Particulate Matter, Sulphur Dioxide, and Oxides of Nitrogen were estimated using MoEF&CC approved AERMOD model. Maximum ground level concentrations were predicted and concentration isopleths of the above mentioned pollutants were plotted. The predicted ground level concentrations of the respective pollutants were added to the prevailing baseline concentrations of the designated pollutants to assess the likely cumulative post project scenario and such values were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Noise generating sources and the expected noise levels were estimated. Impact due to utilisation of treated wastewater for green cover and irrigation applications was studied. Since the proposed facility will not discharge any treated wastewater into surface water bodies (ponds, rivers and Canals), no further environmental modeling studies related to river water quality modeling etc were considered under this study. In addition to the above aspects, the positive environmental benefits arising from community development plans under CSR programme, ecological and biodiversity enhancement aspects due to development of plantation and green-cover development in the project site were also studied. Based on a detailed environmental impact assessment study, a comprehensive report on the environmental management plan was developed covering the following aspects: construction phase environmental management plan, air quality management plan, noise and water quality management plan, wastewater treatment, reuse, recycling and disposal programme, rainwater harvesting plan, socioeconomic and community development plan, ecological and biodiversity enhancement plan. An outline of the proposed environmental management systems, environmental cell and environmental monitoring programme is also presented in this report. Although the proposed MIP utilises the limited quantities of flammable and combustible materials with threshold levels below the stipulated quantities under Hazardous Materials Handling Rules, a preliminary risk assessment study and Disaster Management study, was undertaken to assess the residual risks, if any, due to storage and handling of solvents, diesel, furnace oil, coal and other combustible material. Where ever applicable, quantitative methods were adopted to establish the heat radiation levels due to accidental fires at storage facilities.

Page 17 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Based on the risk assessment study, a preliminary fire safety and occupational health management plan was suggested. A roadmap for onsite emergency and disaster management plan was suggested based on the preliminary information available at this stage.

1.8 Structure of the EIA Report

This EIA report is structured based on the following chapters. Chapter 1 – Introduction presents details of project background, overview of the project and study area, type of proposed project, justification and need for the project, screening and scoping studies etc., Chapter 2 – (Project Description) presents details of the proposed facility, land requirement and details of various supporting facilities required for the project. Chapter 3 - (Description of Environment) presents a comprehensive description of the baseline environmental conditions of the study area. This includes the data obtained from primary surveys and also secondary published data from various authentic sources. Chapter 4 – (Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures) presents the environmental aspects associated with the proposed project, envisaged emissions and discharges from the facility, an overview of various pollution control systems proposed under project planning activities in the detailed project report and construction and operational phase environmental impacts. Chapter 5 – (Analysis of Alternative Sites & Technology) presents alternative sites if any considered for the project and alternative Technologies considered for this project. Chapter 6 – (Environmental Monitoring Programme) depicts the summary of proposed environmental management plan. Chapter 7 – (Additional Studies) presents the findings of the risk assessment study, risk/mitigation plan, a preliminary onsite emergency and disaster management plan. Chapter 8 – (Project Benefits) presents the benefits of the project. Chapter 9 – (Environmental Management Plan) depicts the summary of proposed environmental management plan. Chapter 10 – Presents the (Summary and Conclusion) of EIA report. Chapter 11 – Disclosure of Consultant Engaged presents the declaration by the EIA consultant organization as per the NABET requirements.

Page 18 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

CHAPTER-2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Page 19 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Overview

APIIC proposes to develop a Mega Industrial Park with a total area of 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Hectares) at Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram, Thollaganapalli, Ambavaram & Rampathadu Villages, Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur & Pendlimarri Mandals of YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh State. Total plotted area for the proposed site is 2973.77 Acres. The Park is proposed to be spread over 6553.04 acres and caters to the socio-economic development of the region. There are totally 219 units proposed for the proposed MIP site. Project site features are described in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1 Features of the site S.No Item Details 1. Name of the Project Proposed Mega Industrial Park- Kopparthy 2. Schedule and Category of 7 (c), Industrial Estate / Parks Project Category A 3. Proposed total area 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Ha) 4. Location 14˚ 22’ and 14˚ 38’ North and 78˚ 38’ and 78˚ 53’ East Villages Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram, T.G.Palli, Ambavaram & Rampathadu Tehsil Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur & Pendlimarri District Kadapa (Y.S.R) State Andhra Pradesh

2.2 Land for the Project

The survey nos. for proposed Industrial Park of 2651.92 Hectares falls in 5 villages. The details are Kopparthy Village - S.Nos. 1-119, 433- 442, 448 - 459, 637- 640, 658, 660, 667- 675, 687, 688- 761, 766, 768, 770-773, 775, 776, 779, 780, 781, 783, 785- 791, 793- 798, 800- 915, 917- 944, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1203- 1214, 1217- 1243, 1245, 1246, 1248, 1250, 1252, 1253, 1255, 1256, 1257- 1302, Tadigodla Village- S.Nos. 1- 34, 36- 39, 42, 44- 47, 53, 55- 60, 62,

Page 20 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

63, 67, 68, 69, 148- 190, 192, 193- 218. Yadavapuram Village -S.Nos. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 13- 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 28, 31- 53, 55- 88, 90, 91, 92, 94-108, 110- 115, 117, 118, 121, 122, 125- 132. T.G.Palli Village -S.Nos. 327-356, 358- 367. Ambavaram Village- S.Nos. 518 - 555, 1206, 1209 - 1221, 1225-1264 and Rampathadu Village - S.Nos. 24, 27, 28, 29, 32- 36, 38, 39, 40, 64. The entire land has been handed over to APIIC. The project key map is shown in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1 Proposed project site location The study area falls within the Toposheet nos. 58-J10, 11, 14 & 15. The Topo sheet showing the project site and 15 km radius is given in Figure 2-2.

Page 21 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Figure 2-2 Toposheet showing the project site and 15 Km radius

Page 22 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

2.3 Land Acquisition Status The area for the Kadapa MIP is already in possession of APIIC. The land is devoid of any settlements and as such there will be no Land Acquisition and Resettlement or Rehabilitation for development of proposed MIP. APIIC has acquired the land for development of MIP from both Government and private owners and the land documents are enclosed in Annexure -1. Village wise land extent is given in Table 2-2.

Table 2-2 Village wise land extent Possession Taken From Revenue Authorities (in Name of the Village Sl.No. Acres) & Mandal Govt., DKT Patta Total

Kopparthy (V), CK 1 544.61 2771.48 346.88 3662.97 Dinne (M) Tadigotal (V), CK 2 392.59 366.17 38.38 797.14 Dinne (M) Yadavapuram (V), 3 441.95 365.15 186.69 993.79 Vallur (M) Tholagangana Palli 4 58.82 118.76 34.93 212.51 (V), Vallur (M) Ambavaram (V), 5 69.11 477.63 157.96 704.7 Pendlimarri (M) Rampathadu (V), 6 74.11 53.95 53.87 181.93 Pendlimarri (M) TOTAL 1581.19 4153.14 818.71 6553.04 (Source: Village revenue records) 2.4 Proposed Master plan for the Project There are approximately 219 plots proposed for the propoed MIP. The proposed industries are classified as Red, Orange and green category. The area breakup of allotment is given in Table 2-3. The individual plot area to be allotted for each industry is given in the Master Plan. The Master Plan Indicating the type of Industry is enclosed in Annexure-2.

Table 2-3Area break up for the proposed project S.No. Proposal Area (Acres) Area (%) 1 Total land area 6553.04 100 2 Plotted Area 2973.77 45.38 3 Common Facilities 203.36 3.10

Page 23 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No. Proposal Area (Acres) Area (%) 4 Commercial Area 56.15 0.85 5 Tanks 216.93 3.31 6 Roads 897.76 13.69 7 Open Space 694.62 10.59 8 Green belt 1510.45 23.04

2.4.1 Zonation of Industries Proposed industries are classified under Five major industrial sectors. The Industrial sector with the type of industry proposed and approximate area is given in Table 2-4.

Table 2-4 Zoning and Type of Industry proposed Industry App. No of S.No Sub Sector Area (Acres) Sector units 1 Pharma and Synthetic Organic chemicals 175 5 Chemical Lead acid batteries 90 5 Waste oil/ drums processing 50 5 units Solvent recovery units 55 5 Lubricating oils 63.77 25 Industrial gases/ Isolated 95 5 storage Paint Industry 175 5 Dyes and Intermediates 180 10 2 Food Food processing 100 6 processing Soft drinks 90 6 Milk chilling and Diary 115 10 Agro based units 125 15 3 Textile Textile 75 5 Garments 60 10 4 Engineering Glass Manufacturing 130 2 Automobile parts 110 10 Electrical machinery parts 60 10 Gems and jewellery 115 20 Metallurgical Industries 170 10

Page 24 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Industry App. No of S.No Sub Sector Area (Acres) Sector units Industrial carbon 70 5 Carbon Black 175 3 Steel rerolling 100 20 R and D units 100 10 Cement Manufacturing 100 2 5 Petrochemical Petrochemical based 250 5 processing 6 Infrastructure TSDF Facility 75 1 CETP 70 4 Total 2973.77 219

2.4.2 Plotted Development of Proposed Project There are total 219 plots and the type of industries which could come in that plots is given in Table 2-5. The allotments proposed for the vacant plots are based on the enquiry, availability of land, and the availability of raw materials in the district. The list of allotted industries is given in Table 2-5.

Table 2-5 List of Industries Allotted EIA Category Classifica as A/B with S.N Name of tion as Total Area Type of Industry conditions to o Industry per in Acres be implied in APPCB APIIC park 1 Adilakshmi Reclamation of Red - - 1 Industries waste oil 2 Bindhu Pyro Carbon/ Carbon - 1.26 Industries Black/ Misc inorganic compound 3 Keerthi Pharma Multilayer laminated Orange - - 0.89 packaging tubes/ Sachets industries 4 Krishna Barathi Barium Powder Red - - 4 Pulverising Industry 5 Padmavathi Activated Carbon Orange - - 4 Carbon

Page 25 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

6 R.R.Chemicals Barium Carbonate, Red - - Barium Nitrate and 1.89 Sodium Sulphide flakes 7 S.S Chemicals Barium Carbonate, Red - - Barium Nitrate and 4 Sodium Sulphide flakes 8 Venkshvi Active Red A - Pharma Pharmaceutical 20 Ingredients & Intermediates 9 Andhra Agri – horti Red - - Pradesh State Processing Cooperative 15.25 Marketing federation Total 52.29 2.4.3 Open Area Open area of 10.06% will be provided by APIIC which can be used for Green belt development. The open area allotted is 694.62 Acres.

2.4.4 Common Facilities Total area allotted for common facilities is 203.36 Acres. This will include Administration Building is proposed in the plot and facilities like Bank, ATM, canteen, post office, weigh bridge, truck parking area, fire station and Occupational Health Centre is proposed to facilitate the Industries within the Estate.

It is proposed to provide weighbridge and truck parking total covering an area of 15 Acres at different locations.

Apart from this raw water storage tank, waste processing area, CETP, electrical substation area also proposed.

2.4.5 Green Belt Area Green Belt of 23.04% is proposed for the project. The area allotted is 1510.45 Acres.Apart from this open area of 694.62 Acres (10. 59%) is also proposed for green belt. Hence the total area for green belt is 2205.07 Acres (33.65 %). APIIC will also insist on providing green belt by individual industry units, so that more than 33 % green belt will be developed within the park. Green belt also will be proposed on the median of roads and avenue plantation.

Page 26 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

2.4.6 Road Area Internal roads will be provided by APIIC. Total area of 897.76 Acres will be provided for internal roads.

2.5 Current Status of the site Currently there is one Industry under operation -Venkshvi Pharma. Approach road to the site is Kadapa- Pulivendula Road. The site photpgraphs of site with approach road is given in Figure 2-3 and Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-3 Site Photographs

Figure 2-4 Kadapa- Pulivendula Road 2.6 Water Requirement 2.6.1 Construction Phase During the construction phase, the water requirement for the project is calculated as 256 KLD. Approximate people working will be around 600 nos. The breakup of water requirement Page 27 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh is given in Table 2-6. Only infrastructure development like provision of storm water drain, laying of roads, water supply line, providing substation, green belt in common area, common facilities are under the scope of APIIC. The construction period for infrastructure facilities is estimated to be 24-36 months.

Table 2-6 Water Requirement during Construction Phase S. No Activities Water Requirement (KLD) 1 Labours (@ 60 LPD for 600 36 laborers) 2 Water for Construction 100 3 Other activities (including green 120 belt development) Total 256 2.6.2 Operation Phase During Operation Phase, the total water requirement is approximately calculated as 35150 KLD (35 MLD). Fresh water requirement is 30515 KLD. Around 4635 KLD will be met from recycling of treated effluent. Water requirement for green belt will be 21501 KLD. This will be met from treated sewage (359 KLD) and treated effluent (21142 KLD). The detailed break up of water requirement for each industry based on assumptions is given in Table 2-7. The water will be sourced from Adinimmayapalli reservoir which is around 8.2 Km towards the northern side of proposed project site. The Government Order for water supply is given in Annexure- 3. Water Balance is given in Figure 2-5. Table 2-7 Water Requirement for Operation Phase Area App. No Man Domestic Industrial S. No Industry type Acres of units power KLD KLD Synthetic Organic 175 5 1000 60 2500 1 chemicals (Pharma) 2 Paint Industry 175 5 300 18 1000 Dyes and 180 10 500 30 4000 3 Intermediates Petrochemical 250 5 600 36 7500 4 based processing

5 R and D units 100 10 100 6 250

6 Textile 75 5 100 6 2500

7 Food processing 100 6 100 6 600

Page 28 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Area App. No Man Domestic Industrial S. No Industry type Acres of units power KLD KLD 8 Soft drinks 90 6 100 6 600 Milk chilling and 115 10 250 15 2000 9 Diary 10 Agro based units 125 15 150 9 225 Glass 130 2 500 30 1000 11 Manufacturing 12 Automobile parts 110 10 200 12 100 Electrical 60 10 200 12 100 13 machinery parts 15 Garments 60 10 500 30 0 Gems and 115 20 200 12 300 16 jewellery 17 Industrial carbon 70 5 100 6 500

18 Carbon Black 175 3 300 18 6000 Metallurgical 170 10 500 30 2500 19 Industries Cement 110 2 200 12 1000 20 Manufacturing Lead acid 90 5 150 9 1000 21 batteries 22 Steel rerolling 100 20 400 24 400

23 TSDF Facility 75 1 50 3 15 Waste oil/ drums 50 5 50 3 100 24 processing units Solvent recovery 55 5 50 3 75 25 units 26 CETP 70 4 50 3 40 Industrial gases/ 95 5 100 6 50 27 Isolated storage

28 Lubricating oils 53.77 25 250 15 375

Total 2973.77 219 7000 420 34730

Page 29 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Figure 2-5 Water Balance Chart Note: a) Water will be sourced from Adinimmayapalli Reservoir. b) Individual Industries will use the common Effluent Management System for treatment and reuse of effluent. c) Individual industries can use CETP of APIIC-MIP based on the requirement.

Page 30 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

2.7 Overview of Supporting Facilities 2.7.1 Internal Access Road Every main haul road shall be paved with concrete, bituminous materials, hardcore or metal plates and kept clear of dusty materials or sprayed with water or a dust suppression chemical so as to maintain the entire road surface wet. Internal roads of 18m, 24m and 45m wide with median will be provided by APIIC. Total area of 897.76 Acres is allotted for providing internal roads. The internal Traffic Circulation plan within the site with internal road is enclosed in Annexure-4. 2.7.2 Construction Materials The approximate quantity of construction materials used for proposed infrastructure facilities are given in Table 2-8. The construction materials will be purchased from kadapa which is around 6 Km from proposed project site.

Table 2-8 Construction materials for infrastructure facilities Area Steel Cement Bricks Sand Gravel S.No Particular (Sq.m) (Cu.m) (bags) (nos) (cu.m) (cu.m) Storm 1 water 100000 8050 102259.1 32890000 32292.25 0 Drainage 2 CETP 60000 7005 28402.8 2732400 3933.8 0 3 CSTP 30000 3560 14156.4 1366200 1967 0 Rainwater 4 80000 0 81807 26312000 25834 0 Harvesting 5 Roads 3630030 42373 1600770 0 211866 175000 Total 52938 1827395 63300600 275893.1 175000

2.7.3 Earthwork for the Project The terrain of the site is almost flat. Contour of the site varies from 126- 151m towards the northern side of the site and 140 -163m towards the southern side of the site. The elevation is more towards the southern side of the side. For the proposed infrastructure facilities at site approximately 4,10,000m3 of soil will be excavated for construction of storm water drains, CETPs, CSTPs and also facilities for providing Municipal solid waste processing sheds. Top soil of approximately 10,000m3 will be separated and will be used for green belt development. Rest of the soil will be used for back filling and development of roads within the project site. The approximate quantity of excavated earth is given in Table 2-9.

Page 31 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Table 2-9 Approximate excavated earth quantity Area Excavated earth S.No Particular (Sq.m) (cu.m) 1 Storm water 100000 145000 2 CETPs 60000 45000 3 CSTPs 30000 30000 Rainwater 4 80000 65000 Harvesting Pits 5 Roads 3630030 125000 Total 410000

2.7.4 Storm Water Drain Rainwater harvesting structures are proposed for the proposed project for utilization and to recharge the water resources in the region. The run-off water from the roof of the structures and paved areas will be collected through storm water drainage system and led to rain water harvesting structures. Apart from this individual industry, upon establishment will be insisted to have their own rainwater storage and harvesting facility. Closed type storm water drainage channel will be proposed along the main road and internal roads. Total length of storm water drains within the MIP will be approximately 17500 m. Storm water manholes along with silt traps of 350 nos. 0.6m x 0.6 m (one manhole for every 50m distance), recharge pits – 1800 nos. of 1.2 m dia and 3.0 m depth are proposed along the storm water drain and the excess storm water will be connected to the existing tanks at the site. There are totally 8 tanks (4 on the northern part and 4 on the southern part of site) within the site with total area of 216.93 Acres. The storm water drainage network with the details of manholes, pits etc is given in Annexure – 5. Apart from this, individual industries will be insisted to have their own rainwater harvesting facilities within their premises. 2.7.5 Solid and Hazardous Waste Municipal Solid Waste During construction phase, approximately 300 Kg/day of Municipal Solid Waste will be generated. Manpower considered as 600 nos. Organic solid waste will be disposed to local bins and generated recyclable waste and scrap will be suitably disposed off to authorised recyclers. During operation phase, the total waste generated will be 3500 Kg/ day (Man power considered is 7000 nos.

Page 32 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Organic waste of 1575 Kg/ day and Inorganic waste of 1925 Kg/day is estimated to be generated during full operation of the industrial Park. Area proposed for waste management is around 5000Sq.m will be allotted for MSW processing. The Municipal solid wastegeneration quantity is given in Table 2-10.

Table 2-10 Municipal Solid Waste generation Construction Phase Operation Phase Collection Waste Disposal method Quantity (kg/ day) Quantity (kg/day) Method Organic 135 1575 Bins composting Inorganic 165 1925 Bins Authorized vendors

• Waste generation calculated as per CPHEEO guidelines of 0.50 kg/capita /day. • Organic waste generated will be 45 % of total solid waste and inorganic waste generated will be 55 %. • Sludge to be generated from 350 KLD & 150 KLD STP = 45 Kg/day Organic waste will be composted at project site and used as manure for green belt development. Inorganic waste will be segregated, stored and disposed to authorised recyclers by the industries. Hazardous Waste Individual Industries will be insisted to dispose their hazardous waste generated to the common TSDF facility proposed at project site. Till it is established, the individual industries will dispose to TSDF (Coastal Waste Management Facility within the Pharmacity, Parwada,) already existing at Visakhapatnam, Andhrapradesh. The salt generated from the CETP (Evaporator) will be disposed to TSDF. The approximate quantity of hazardous waste generated is given in Table 2-11.

Table 2-11 Hazardous waste generation S. No. Hazardous Description Recyclable To TSDF waste TPA TPA category no. 1 5.1 Used / spent Oil 25 --

2 34.3 Chemical sludge from CETP -- 7700 3 33.3 Discarded containers / barrels / 25 -- liners 4 28.1 Process residues and waste -- 15750

5 28.2 Spent carbon / catalyst 750 --

6 20.3 Distillation Residue -- 860

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S. No. Hazardous Description Recyclable To TSDF waste TPA TPA category no. 7 34.4 CETP Evaporator Salt -- 1000

Total 800 25310 2.7.6 Wastewater Treatment a) Sewage Treatment It is proposed to provide two numbers of Common Sewage Treatment Plant each of 200 KLD &350 KLD to treat the sewage generated from the Mega Industrial Park. It is also proposed to provide sewer lines from various industries to CSTP within the MIP. The sewer line from various industries to proposed CSTP is given in Annexure-6. Specifications of 200 KLD CSTP Flow rate logistics Design capacity : 200 KLD Operating Hours : 24 hrs Plant Flow Rate : 8.33 m3/hr Design Flow Rate : 10 m3/hr Specifications of 350 KLD CSTP Flow rate logistics Design capacity : 350 KLD Operating Hours : 24 hrs Plant Flow Rate : 14.58 m3/hr Design Flow Rate : 17.5 m3/hr

Quality Logistics for CSTPs S.No Parameter Units Inlet Outlet Standards 1 PH - 6.0 - 8.5 6.0 – 8.5 5.5 – 9.0 2 TSS Mg/l 100 – 200 < 30 < 30 3 COD Mg/l 400 - 600 < 100 < 250 4 BOD Mg/l 300 – 400 < 20 < 20 Process Description for CSTPs • The Raw Sewage from various sources will get collected in the collection tank/ Equalization tank through bar screen chamber in order to remove the floating particles from where it is pumped to the aeration tank through raw sewage transfer pump. • The Screened sewage in the aeration tank is provided with air diffusion through air blower & diffuser arrangement. Biological treatment takes place through special type of

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floating media called “MBBR Media”. MBBR media will expedite the treatment with minimum sludge. • The aerated sewage is then led to the clarifier tank provided with clarifier Rake mechanism where the sludge settles at the bottom of the tank. The clarified water is then sent to the Clarified water tank. • The settled sludge from clarifier tank will be pumped to sludge holding tank through sludge transfer pump from where it is pumped to the filter press unit through screw pump and the filtrate is taken back to the collection tank. • The clarified water is then pumped to Pressure Sand filter & Activated carbon filter using filter feed pump in order to remove the suspended particles, colour and odour. Sodium hypo chlorite dosing is done online for disinfection purpose. The filtered water is used for gardening. • The specifications and process flow diagrams of CSTP of 200 KLD and 350 KLD is enclosed in Annexure-7 b) Effluent Treatment It is proposed to provide 4 numbers of Common Effluent Treatment Plants each of capacity 12000 KLD, 10000 KLD, 2500 KLD and 2000 KLD to treat the effluent generated from the industries proposed in the Mega Industrial Park. It is also proposed to provide effluent lines from industries proposed to CETP. The effluent line from various industries to CETP is enclosed in Annexue-8. Specifications of CETP of 10000 KLD Design Basis Effluent Treatment Plant Plant Capacity : 10000 KLD Operating Hours : 24 hrs Plant Flow Rate : 416.67 m3/hr Design Flow Rate : 420 m3/hr Ultra Filtration Plant Plant flow rate : 420 cum/hr Design flow rate : 420 cum/hr RO Plant – I Plant flow rate : 420 cum/hr Recovery : 75% Permeate flow rate : 315 cum/hr Reject flow rate : 105 cum/hr RO Plant – II

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Plant Flow Rate : 105 cum /hr Recovery : 70 % Permeate flow rate : 73.5 cum /hr Reject flow rate : 31.5 cum /hr RO Plant – III Plant Flow Rate : 31.5 cum /hr Recovery : 60 % Permeate flow rate : 19 cum /hr Reject flow rate : 12.5 cum /hr Multiple Effect Evaporator : 12.5 cum/hr Specifications of CETP of 2000 KLD Design Basis Effluent Treatment Plant Plant Capacity : 2000 KLD Operating Hours : 24 hrs Plant Flow Rate : 83.3 m3/hr Design Flow Rate : 84 m3/hr Ultra Filtration Plant Plant flow rate : 84 cum/hr Design flow rate : 84 cum/hr RO Plant – I Plant flow rate : 84 cum/hr (Single Phase) Recovery : 75% Permeate flow rate : 63 cum/hr Reject flow rate : 21 cum/hr RO Plant – II Plant Flow Rate : 21 cum /hr Recovery : 65 % Permeate flow rate : 13.7 cum /hr Reject flow rate : 7.3 cum /hr Multiple Effect Evaporator : 7.5 cum/hr (both phases) Specifications of CETP of 2500 KLD Design Basis Effluent Treatment Plant Plant Capacity : 2500 KLD Operating Hours : 24 hrs

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Plant Flow Rate : 104.2 m3/hr Design Flow Rate : 105 m3/hr Ultra Filtration Plant Plant flow rate : 105 cum/hr Design flow rate : 105 cum/hr RO Plant – I Plant flow rate : 105 cum/hr Recovery : 75% Permeate flow rate : 79 cum/hr Reject flow rate : 26 cum/hr RO Plant – II Plant Flow Rate : 26 cum /hr Recovery : 70 % Permeate flow rate : 18.2 cum /hr Reject flow rate : 7.8 cum /hr Multiple Effect Evaporator : 8 cum/hr Specifications of CETP of 12000 KLD Design Basis Effluent Treatment Plant Plant Capacity : 12000 KLD Operating Hours : 24 hrs Plant Flow Rate : 500 m3/hr Design Flow Rate : 500 m3/hr Ultra Filtration Plant Plant flow rate : 500 cum/hr Design flow rate : 500 cum/hr RO Plant – I Plant flow rate : 500 cum/hr Recovery : 75% Permeate flow rate : 375 cum/hr Reject flow rate : 125 cum/hr RO Plant – II Plant Flow Rate : 125 cum /hr Recovery : 75 % Permeate flow rate : 94 cum /hr Reject flow rate : 31 cum /hr

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RO Plant – III Plant Flow Rate : 31 cum /hr Recovery : 60 % Permeate flow rate : 18.5 cum /hr Reject flow rate : 12.5 cum /hr Multiple Effect Evaporator : 12.5 cum/hr Quality logistics for all CETPs CETP Inlet CETP RO Outlet S.No Description Unit Stds (S1) Outlet (S2) (S3) 1 pH - 5.5 – 8.0 6.5 – 7.5 6.5 – 7.5 5.5 – 9

2 TSS mg/l 1000 < 30 < 0.1 < 30

3 BOD mg/l 800 – 1200 < 20 < 10 < 20

4 COD Mg/l 4000 – 6000 < 100 < 50 < 250

5 TDS Mg/l 1800 – 2000 1800 – 2000 < 200 < 2100 Total residual Mg/l 10 <1 < 0.1 1 6 chlorine 7 Ammoniacal Mg/l 500 <50 < 5 50 Nitrogen (as N) Total Kjeldahl Mg/l 1000 <100 < 10 100 8 Nitrogen (as N) 9 Arsenic (as As) Mg/l 2 <0.2 <0.1 0.2 10 Mercury Mg/l 0.1 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 (as Hg) 11 Lead (as Pb) Mg/l 0.5 <0.1 <0.05 0.1 Cadmium Mg/l 10 <1 <0.1 1 12 (as Cd) Total Cadmium Mg/l 20 <2 <0.2 2 13 (as Cr) Copper Mg/l 30 <3 <0.3 3 14 (as Cu) 15 Zinc (as Zn) Mg/l 50 <5 <0.5 5 Selenium Mg/l 0.5 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 16 (as Se) 17 Nickel (as Ni) Mg/l 30 <3 <0.3 3

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CETP Inlet CETP RO Outlet S.No Description Unit Stds (S1) Outlet (S2) (S3) 18 Boron (as B) Mg/l 20 <2 <0.2 2 Cyanide Mg/l 0.5 <0.2 <0.1 0.2 19 (as CN) Chloride Mg/l 500 500 <100 1000 20 (as Cl) 21 Fluoride (as F) Mg/l 20 <2 <0.2 2 Sulphate Mg/l 500 500 <50 1000 22 (as SO4) Sulphide Mg/l 28 <2.8 <0.3 2.8 23 (as S) Phenolic Mg/l 10 <1 <0.1 1 24 Compounds (as C6H5OH)

Process Description . The Common Effluent Treatment Plant is designed in 2 phases. The effluent generated from various sources will be collected in the Common Effluent collection tank from where it will be pumped to oil skimmer unit for the removal of oil through bar screen chamber in order to remove the floating particles. The overflow from the oil skimmer tank is sent to the flash mixer tank for neutralization. Suitable dosing is added in the flash mixer tank using dosing systems. Acid / alkali / Coagulant & Flocculant dosing system is provided in the flash mixer tank. . The effluent from the flash mixer tank is then sent to the primary clarifier tank provided with primary clarifier mechanism. The sludge gets settled at the bottom of the tank from where it is pumped to the common sludge holding tank through sludge pump. The sludge from sludge holding tank is pumped to the common filter press unit through screw pump for sludge dewatering. The drain from filter press unit is sent to the collection tank. . The overflow from the Primary Clarifier tank is then sent to the anaerobic digester tank provided with SAFF media. BOD reduction takes place in this tank. The overflow from the anaerobic digester tank is sent to the oxidation tank where air diffusion is provided with air blower and diffuser arrangement. Biological treatment takes place in the oxidation tank. The overflow from the oxidation tank is sent to the secondary clarifier tank provided with secondary clarifier rake mechanism where the sludge settles at the bottom of the tank. The settled sludge is then pumped to the common sludge holding

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tank through sludge pump from where it is pumped to the common filter press unit through screw pump for dewatering purpose. . The overflow from the secondary clarifier tank is sent to the clarified water tank where sodium hypochlorite dosing is done for disinfection. The clear water from the clarified water tank is pumped to the pressure sand filter & activated carbon filter in order to remove the suspended solids and odour through filter feed pump. . The filtered water from pressure sand filter & activated carbon filter is collected in the UF feed tank from where it is pumped to the ultra filtration unit through cartridge filter. Periodic backwash & cleaning of UF membranes are to be carried out at regular intervals. UF permeate water is collected in the UF permeate tank. UF rejects is taken back to the collection tank. . The water collected in the UF permeate tank is pumped to the Ist stage RO system provided with 75% recovery. Feed to the RO unit takes place through RO feed pump, followed by cartridge filter & then through high pressure pump. The RO I permeate water is collected in the RO permeate tank which is used for further process. The rejects from RO I is collected in the RO I reject tank / RO II Feed tank and sent to RO II stage with 75% recovery. Feed to the RO unit takes place through RO feed pump, followed by cartridge filter & then through high pressure pump. RO II permeate water is collected in the common RO permeate tank from where it is used for further process and RO II rejects will be collected in the RO II reject tank. The rejects from RO II is collected in the RO II reject tank / RO III Feed tank and sent to RO III stage with 60% recovery. Feed to the RO unit takes place through RO feed pump, followed by cartridge filter & then through high pressure pump. RO III permeate water is collected in the common RO permeate tank from where it is used for further process and RO III rejects will be collected in the RO III reject tank from where it is sent to the Multiple Effect Evaporator for Evaporation. Concept for Multiple Effect Evaporator . The RO III stage rejects will be concentrated in 3 effect Evaporator plant followed by Agitated Thin Film Dryer (ATFD). . The feed will flow in forward feed manner in Evaporators. All effects are of Forced Circulation type. . The feed will be preheated by process condensate and partial process vapors from 3rd effect, 2nd effect & 1st effect. Then the feed will be fed to the 1st effect. . Live dry saturated steam of 8 kg/cm2 will be fed to the inlet of TVR as a motive fluid. Partial vapors from effect 1 will be sucked by TVR to mix up with

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live steam which will be given to shell side of 1st effect. Vapors generated in the 1st effect will be condensed on the shell side of the 2ndeffect. Subsequently, the vapors from the 2nd effect will be condensed shell side of the 3rd effect. Vapors generated in the 3rd effect will be condensed in the surface condenser. . The process condensate from 1st effect is flashed on the shell side of 2nd effect. In the same manner, process condensate will be flash into the shell side of the next effect. And collective process condensate from 1st, 2nd, 3rd effect shall be collected in the process condensate tank. This will increase the steam economy. . Vent Vapors are condensed in the condenser. Process condensate from the 3rd effect and surface condenser shall be collected in the condensate pot and shall be transferred to battery limit through feed preheater. . Concentrated effluent from last effect will be transferred to ATFD for further concentration of salt slurry to meet ZLD norms. . Common closed loop sealing water system shall be provided for flushing of mechanical seals of centrifugal pumps for proposed system. This sealing water system shall be included one PHE, one balance tank and one dedicated centrifugal pump. The specifications and process flow diagrams of CETP of 10000 KLD, 2000 KLD, 2500 KLD and 12000 KLD is enclosed in Annexure-9. 2.7.7 Green Belt An area of 1510.45 Acres (23.04%) is earmarked for green belt development. Apart from this 694.62 Acres (10.59%) of open space is also proposed for green belt. APIIC will also insist on providing green belt by individual industry units, so that more than 33 % green belt will be developed within the park. Green belt also will be proposed on the median of roads and avenue plantation. 2.7.8 Power requirement The overall tentative power requirement for the proposed project will be approximately 369 MVA and the source of power is APEPDCL. The approximate power requirement calculation is given inTable 2-12. Table 2-12 Power requirement calculation Approx. App. Area Power Power S.No Industry type No of Acres requirement/ (MVA) units unit (kVA)

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Approx. App. Area Power Power S.No Industry type No of Acres requirement/ (MVA) units unit (kVA) 1 Synthetic 175 5 1000 5 Organic chemicals (Pharma) 2 Paint Industry 175 5 1000 5 3 Dyes and 180 10 1000 10 Intermediates 4 Petrochemical 250 5 5000 25 based processing 5 R and D units 100 10 500 5 6 Textile 75 5 1000 5 7 Food 100 6 1000 6 processing 8 Soft drinks 90 6 1000 6 9 Milk chilling 115 10 1000 10 and Diary 10 Agro based 125 15 500 7.5 units 11 Glass 130 2 5000 10 Manufacturing 12 Automobile 110 10 500 5 parts 13 Electrical 60 10 500 5 machinery parts 15 Garments 60 10 500 5 16 Gems and 115 20 500 10 jewellery 17 Industrial 70 5 1000 5 carbon 18 Carbon Black 175 3 5000 15 19 Metallurgical 170 10 8000 80 Industries 20 Cement 110 2 5000 10 Manufacturing 21 Lead acid 90 5 2500 12.5 batteries 22 Steel rerolling 100 20 4000 80

Page 42 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Approx. App. Area Power Power S.No Industry type No of Acres requirement/ (MVA) units unit (kVA) 23 TSDF Facility 75 1 1000 1 24 Waste oil/ 50 5 250 1.25 drums processing units 25 Solvent 55 5 500 2.5 recovery units 26 CETP 70 4 5000 20 27 Industrial 95 5 700 3.5 gases/ Isolated storage 28 Lubricating oils 53.77 25 750 18.75 Total 2973.77 219 369 2.7.9 Man power The manpower requirement during the construction phase for development of infrastructure facilities is estimated to be 600 nos. Upon full establishment of the Industrial park, the approximate man power estimated is 7000 nos. 2.7.10 Energy conservation measures

 It is proposed to provide solar lighting for street lights and also for open spaces.  Apart from this, it is proposed to provide CFL/ LEDs for common facilities.  APIIC will also insist on providing solar lighting CFLs to the individual industries wherever applicable. 2.8 Project Cost The project cost is estimated to be Rs.130,575 Lakhs and the detailed cost break up for the project is given in Table 2-13.

Table 2-13 Project cost S. No Description Rs. Lakhs 1 Survey 5000 2 Greenery & fencing 10000 3 Roads 35000 4 Street Lamps 22000 5 Storm water Drain 34000

Page 43 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

6 Layout Approval 14500 7 Admin Building 75 8 CETP& Others 10000 Total 130,575.00

2.9 Project Implementation Schedule The project will be implemented after obtaining Environmental Clearance and Consent for Establishment. The tentative schedule for development of Infrastructure will be 24 to 36 Months after obtaining Environmental Clearance and Consent for Establishment. The tentative project schedule is given in Table 2-14.

Table 2-14 Tentative project schedule Months S.No. TASK 1 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 1 Construction of Roads 2 Construction of Storm water Drainage 3 Construction of Water Supply Line 4 Construction of Effluent Line 5 Common Facilities *Based on the proposals received from the project proponents and allotment of industry, time frame schedule may extend.

Page 44 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

CHAPTER-3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Page 45 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

3. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 3.1 Preamble This chapter depicts the existing environmental conditions in and around the proposed project with an area of 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Ha) located at Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur and Pendlimarri mandals of Kadapa (Y.S.R) district, Andhra Pradesh. The primary baseline data monitored covered three (3) months i.e., from September to November 2016, and secondary data was collected from Government and Semi-Government organisations. The primary baseline data has been generated by M/s. Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd, Chennai, MoEF&CC approved Environmental Testing Laboratory for the following Terrestrial environmental components. Terrestrial Environmental Components a) Meteorology

 Temperature  Relative Humidity  Rainfall  Wind Speed & Direction  Solar Radiation b) Ambient Air Quality

 Particulate matter <10 micron size (PM10)

 Particulate matter <2.5 micron size (PM2.5)

 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)  Carbon Monoxide (CO)  Lead (Pb)

 Ozone (O3)

 Benzene (C6H6)

 Benzo (a) pyrene (C20H12)  Arsenic (As)  Nickel (Ni)

 Ammonia (NH3) c) Ambient Noise Levels

 Day equivalent noise levels  Night equivalent noise levels d) Inland Water Quality

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 Groundwater Quality  Surface Water Quality e) Soil Quality f) Flora & Fauna (Ecology) g) Socioeconomic status 3.2 Study Area The Administrative unit with in 10 km radius zone comprises of parts of Chennur, Chinthakommadinne, Kadapa, Kamalapura, Khajipet, Pendlimarry and Vallur mandal of Kadapa Districts. The study area (10 km radius from the project boundary) lies between N. Latitudes 14°22’ and 14.38’ and E. Longitude 78°38’ and 78°53’ and forms part of the Survey of India Toposheet Nos. 58-J10, 11, 14 & 15.The project site is well connected by Rail and road. Besides these, there is a good network of motorable roads in the study area. The map showing the study area/PIA for the EIA study is given in Figure 3-1.

Page 47 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Figure 3-1Administrative map showing project influenced area

Page 48 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

3.3 Description of the Study Area The Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy is approximately 6 km E of Kadapa town, Kadapa (Y.S.R) district of Andhra Pradesh. An overall idea of the study area with reference to the physical conditions are presented for better understanding in the following sections before proceeding into the section on the prevailing environmental conditions of the study area. 3.4 Environmentally/Ecologically Sensitive areas The environmental sensitive areas covering an aerial distance of 10 km PIA from project boundary is given in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1Environmentally Sensitive Areas within 15km from Project Boundary S.No Areas Identity / Name Distance Direction (Kms) 1 Areas protected Ganganapalle Reserve 4 South underinternational Forest and Extension conventions,national or Pankolda Reserve Forest 12 South local legislation fortheir and Extension ecological, Kolumulapalle Reserve 12 South East landscape,cultural or Forest other related value. Lankamalla Reserve 11 North East Forest and Extension Tummuluru Reserve 9 West Forest and Extension 2 Areas which are Pennar River 9.5 North important orsensitive of Pendlipenta Hill 12 South East ecological reasons– Palamani Hill 13 South wetlands, water courses Pangolda hill ranges 12 South

orother water bodies, Lankamalla hill ranges 11 East coastalzone, biospheres, Bugga Dam 10.15 South East mountains,forests. 3 Routes or facilities used National Highway - 18 2.8 East by the public for access State Highway - 31 2.4 East torecreation or other tourist,pilgrim areas 4 a Areas occupied by Yogi Vemanna University Borderi SW sensitive ng site

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S.No Areas Identity / Name Distance Direction (Kms) man made land uses KSRM College of 0.4 NEE (Colleges) Engineering KLM Womens College of 0.45 NEE Engineering Rajiv Gandhi Institute of 11 SEE Medical Science, Puttampalli JMJ College for women 14 SEE Govt. Polytechnic 12 East College for Women, Vontimitta Sri Venkateswara 1 East Institute of Science and Technology Annamacharya Institute 4 South East of Science and Technology Cuddapha Arts college, 7.2 SEE Railway colony 4 b Schools Surya High School, 10 North Kamalauram West St . Joseph Junior 5 East College Gandhi nagar Municipal 7 East School Narayana Concept 7 East School 4 c Place of worship Devuni Kadapa temple 8.15 East Chennakesavaswamy 6 East temple, Almaspet, Kadappa Al Hasmi Masjid, 4.8 East Mariapuram

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S.No Areas Identity / Name Distance Direction (Kms) Al Murad Qibla Darga, 6 East Gangapenta Zulai Khabee Masjid, 7 East R.K. Nagar, Kadapa Grace ministries, 6 East Almaspet, Kadapa 4 d Community facilitites Bharathi Hospital, 6.5 East Kadappa Kadappa Municipal 7.7 East Stadium Kadappa Govt. Hospital 8 East Santhigiri ayurveda and 7 East sidda hospital Fathima Medical college 3.2 SEE and hospital Corporation waste dump 8 - yard 3.5 Ecological Sensitive Areas and Other Protected Area Ecologically sensitive areas like Ganganapalle Reserve Forest and Extension were found within 4 Km radius in the southern region of the project site andTummuluru Reserve Forest and Extension were found in western region of the project site 9km, except these Pankolda Reserve Forest and Extension, Kolumulapalle Reserve Forest, Lankamalla Reserve Forest and extensionlocated within 15 Km radius from proposed project site. 5,00,295 Hectares of land is under forest in Kadapa district The forests of the district are of a dry deciduous type. The overall condition of the forest in the district is not very good. The only distinction of the forest is that its most important spaces is the famous pterocaropus santalinus or red sanders. Since this is the only district of the country in which this species occurs, a positive conserve and extend them has been evolved. These forests fall under three zones wise those of Teral or Fuel Forests upto an elevation of hundred feet, Hill Forests or Red Sanders lying between the elevation of 800 and 2000 feet and Shoreaeugenla occupying elevations above 2000 feet.This tract has also been identified as the forest of Dandaka through which the god king Sreerama and his consort Seetha wandered during their 14 years of exile.

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The district is blessed with a series of beautiful valleys through which holy rivers like Pinakini (Pennar), Papaghni, Chitravathi, Mandavya, Cheyyeru cut across the district giving the land sanctity of their own.The river Penna is the most important river flowing right through the District whose legend is incorporated in a sasanam (inscription) at Gandikota. The Seshachalam range of hills that pass through this district and is crowned ultimately with the holy shrine of Tirumala in Chittoor District forms part of the central portion of Eastern Ghats.The Eastern Ghats don't possess structural continuity. The hill ranges part themselves from the orographical knot, dividing Settigunta reserve forest and the Balapalle reserve forest. Ecologically sensitive areas from the project location are shown in Figure 3-2.

Figure 3-2: Ecological Sensitive Areas within 10Km radius 3.6 Physical Conditions In this section, the physical conditions of PIA district Kadapa (Y.S.R) are discussed in general and wherever possible references to the conditions prevailing in the study area in particular are also provided. The physical conditions are discussed as under:  District profile  Drainage, land use, geology, Physiography

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 Natural resources  Climatic conditions, seismic zone characteristics and natural hazards 3.6.1 PIA District Profile Kadapa district (officially: YSR Kadapa district) is one of the 13 districts in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is also one of the 4 districts in the Rayalaseema region of the state. Kadapa District occupies an area of 15,938 square kilometres (6,154 sq mi), comparatively equivalent to Canada's Prince Patrick Island. The main rivers in the district are Penna, Chitravathi, Kunderu, Papagni, Bahuda and Cheyyeru. The forest area is 5,050 km². It is 32.87% of the district area. It is the only district in the state of Andhra Pradesh (AP) that is surrounded by AP districts on all sides. All other districts are either skirting the Bay of Bengal and/or border neighboring states. Kadapa District has 3 Revenue Divisions viz., Kadapa, Rajampeta and Jammalamadugu divisions. The district has 50 mandals under these revenue divisions.It also has Municipal Corporation of Kadapa and Rayachoti, Jammalamadugu and a Nagar panchayat of Rajampet. 3.6.2 Rainfall The average annual rainfall of the YSR District (Kadapa) is 710 mm, which ranges from nil rainfall in January to 137 mm in October. October is the wettest month of the year. The mean seasonal rainfall distribution is 402.4 mm in southwest monsoon (June-September), 239.1 mm in northeast monsoon (Oct-Dec),2.4 mm rainfall in Winter (Jan-Feb) and 65.7 mm in summer (March – May). The percentage distribution of rainfall, season-wise, is 56.7% in southwest monsoon, 33.7 % in northeast monsoon, 0.34% in winter and 9.3 % in summer. 3.6.3 Natural Resources of Kadapa (Y.S.R) PIA District a) Flora & Fauna Flora & Fauna of the study area is provided in section 3.11. Lankamalleswara wild life sanctuary is located 11Km away from the project site. The vegetation in the sanctuary consists of dry deciduous mixed forest with patches of moist deciduous forests in the valleys. The area has about 1,500 vascular plant species belonging to 174 families, of which many are endemic.Some of the rare and endemic plant species like redsanders, Shorea talura, Shorea thumburggaia, Terminaliapallida, sandalwood, Cycas beddomei,Syzygiumalternifolium, Psilotum nudum occur in this region. About 178 species of birds from this sanctuary have been identified. The globally threatened yellow-throated bulbul is seen here. Grey-fronted green pigeon, a bird of theHimalayas and the Western Ghats is quite common in these forests. The critically endangered Oriental white-backed vulture is found in the national park. Some of the other

Page 53 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh birds found here are:large hawk-cuckoo, blue-faced malkoha, yellow-browed bulbul, Indian scimitar-babbler and Loten's sunbird.Flora and fauna of PIA are discussed in section 3.11. b) Forest Resources The total forest area in the district is 5,05,495 hectares which constitute 32.87% of the total geographical area of the district. Among the forest produces 'prerocarpus santallinus' otherwise known as Red Sandals is the foremost product. District is having export potential and it needs to be explored for commercial exploitation. Softwood is also available for the manufacture of wooden combs and toys. The other forest produces available are timber, fuel, wood and bamboos. The minor forest produce consists of Beedi leaves, Thangedu and Relabarks, Tooki leaves, Nux-Vonica seed, soap nuts etc.The forest wealth has helped to establish many number of saw mills, wooden furniture manufacturing and bamboo basket making industries in the district. There is scope for starting artist products based on Red Sandar and soft wood besides some more industries based on minor products. c) Irrigation The important river that drains through the district is Pennar which is perennial and flows in NW-SE direction. Its tributaries Chitravathi, Cheyyair, Papagni, Kundair and Sagileru are intermittent in nature. The drainage pattern in general is dendraitic to sub-dendritic and parallel. The drainage is often parallel to sub parallel indicating structural control. About 21,758 ha area is irrigated by canals while 4,168 ha. and 1,29,983 ha. are irrigated throughdug wells and bore wells respectively. It has ground water resources of 1.05 lakh ham. Irrigation in the district is through major, medium and minor irrigation projects. There are 4 major, 5 medium irrigation projects in the district. The major irrigation projects are 1) Kurnool- canal 2) TBPHLC Stage-I, 3) TBP HLC Stage-II (Mylavaram) and 4) Pulivendula Branch canal with a total ayacut of 2,27,896 acres. The five medium irrigation projects are 1) Lower Sagilru Project 2) Upper SagileruProject 3) Pincha Project 4) Buggavanka Project and 5) Annamayya Project with a total ayacut of 55,625acres. The area irrigated during the year 2010-11 through these canals is 27,305 Ha., and through ground water is 1,22,781 Ha.,Irrigation from the other sources (1,125 ha.) and through tanks 8,042 Ha. d) Agricultural Resources In PIA Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of the district. Paddy is the main crops cultivated in the district. Table 3-2indicates the major crops grown in the Kadapa district. Major Field Crops cultivated: Paddy, Groundnut, Red gram, Cotton, Bengal grametc.

Page 54 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Horticulture crops:Turmeric, Onion,Sunflower, Chillies, Coriander,sugarcane, Vegetables and Chrysanthemum etc.‘Korra’, orange, lime and betel leaf are the special crops. They are cultivated near river bed.

Table 3-2: Major crops grown in the District Crops Area (Ha) Out-turn (tons) Paddy/Rice 53,896 1,58,660 Jowar 13,154 5,941 Bengal Gram 90,366 74,913 Red Gram (Tuar) 9,079 2,270 Sunflower 62,079 39,749 Groundnut 57,057 60,517 Cotton 28,819 48,314 Mangoes 19,212 1,11,583

(Source: Dept.of Agriculture 2011-12) e) Poultry and Livestock The total poultry population in the district is 15, 68, 961. There is significant progress in respect of poultry development. A number of private poultry farms are functioning in the district and there is tremendous development in respect of Eggs production in the district. The poultry centers are not only meeting the requirements of the people of the district and also eggs are being exported to the other places like Mumbai, Chennai etc. The District is rich in Bonie population with 15.97 lakh animals, cattle account for 2.90 lakhs while Buffaloes account for 4.16 lakhs &, sheep and goats are of the order of 4.87 lakhs and 3.83 lakhs respectively. Similarly, the poultry population in the district is 15.68 lakhs. One of the major milk based project at Proddatur besides two milk chilling centres one at Rajampet and the other at Pulivendula have come up in the district. Livestock population of Kadapa District is presented in Table 3-3. Table 3-3 Livestock population of Kadapa District S. No Item Population (Lakhs) 1999 2003 2007 2012 1. Cattle 106.02 94.24 112.23 95.96 2. Buffaloes 96.58 107.68 132.72 106.23 3. Sheep 97.43 210.15 255.39 263.96 4. Goat 52.13 64.27 96.26 90.71 5. Total Bovines 202.60 201.92 244.95 202.19 6. Poultry 633.96 1005.80 1239.85 1613.34

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(Source Dept. of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Andhra Pradesh) f) Mineral Resources The District is rich in Minerals value. The high-grade asbestos of Chrysotile variety, Berytis and Lime Stone suitable for manufacture of cement are present in the district in large quantities. It also possesses important deposits of white clay, small deposits of small iron ore, ochre and steatite and abounds in construction material. There are old workings for diamond and Lead in the district. The Major Minerals in the District are Berytis, Lime Stone and Asbestos. Apart from Major Minerals, Minor Minerals are Napa Slabs, Road Metal, Building Stone, Marble, Mosaic Chips and Rehmatti are also in the District. Mineral map of Andhra Pradesh is given in Figure3-3 and Production of Minerals is represented in the Table 3-4..

Table 3-4 Production of Minerals 2011-12 S.No. Name Of Mineral Production in Tones (2011-2012) Major Mineral 1. Barites’ 7,58,786 M.T 2 Iron ore 5,15,349 MT 3 White clay 41,422 M.T 4 Quartz 41,422 M.T 5 Dolomite 25,412 M.T 6 Lime stone ( c grade) 96,83,300 M.T 7 Feldspar 10,200 M.T 8 Asbestos 274 M.T 9 Yellow oak red 87,935 M.T Minor Mineral 1 Sand 80,000 C.M.T 2. Napa slabs 6,25,844 Sq.mtr. 3. Mosaic chips 2,450 M.T 4. Gravel 4,500 MT

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Source:- Statistical Abstract, Govt of AP, 2011

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Figure 3-3 Minerals Map of Andhra Pradesh 3.6.4 Land Use & Land Cover The total geographical area of the district is 15354.7 Sq.km of this 36.50% is agriculture area while 32.11% is forest area. The rest is distributed among "Barren, uncultivable land, Built- up, Waste land and Water bodies" about 25.13% and "Land on fallow" is about 6.26%. Out of these areas, the built-up area is1.48%, Industry & Mining area is 0.63%, Waste land is 32.49% and water bodies covered 5.75% as per May 2014.Details of land use/land cover for the Kadapa district are given inTable 3-5.Land Use of Kadapa District is given inFigure 3-4.

Table 3-5 District land use/land cover statistics S.No Main Category Sub Category Area in Area in Sq.km % 1 Built-up Urban 77.5 0.51 Rural 149.0 0.97 2 Built- Industry 28.6 0.19

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S.No Main Category Sub Category Area in Area in Sq.km % up/Industries/Mine Mining/Quarry 68.2 0.44 3 Aquaculture - 0.0 0.0 4 Fallow - 961.1 6.26 5 Land crop 5347.3 34.82 Agriculture Plantation 257.6 1.68 Deciduous Forest 3393.9 22.10 Evergreen Forest 0.0 0.0 Mangrove Forest 0.0 0.0 Forest Plantation 10.1 0.07 6 Forest Scrub Forest 1366.7 8.90 Tree Clad Area 159.5 1.04 Grass land 0.0 0.0 Shifting 0.0 0.0 Cultivation Barren Rocky 261.5 1.70 Gullied/Ravinous 10.4 0.07 Land 7 Waste Lands Salt Affected 32.4 0.21 Land Sandy Area 1.2 0.01 Scrub Land 2346.7 15.28 Canal/Drain 33.1 0.22 Reservoir/Tanks 527.0 3.43 8 Water Bodies River/Stream 323.1 2.10 Lakes/Ponds 0.0 0.0 Inland Wetlands 0.0 0.0 9 Wetlands Coastal Wetlands 0.0 0.0 Total 15354.7 100

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Figure 3-4: Land Use Map of Kadapa district a) Land Use Pattern of the Study Area Land Use Pattern of the study area is given in Figure 3-5. Land Use/Land Cover statistics of 10Km radius of the study area is given in Table 3-6. LULC map of the study area is given in Figure3-6. Table 3-6 Land Use/Land Cover statistics of 10Km radius of the Study Area

S.No Land use Area in Area in Area in Area in Sq.Km Acres Ha percentage 1. Crop Land 354.07 87492.60 35407 65.18

Page 59 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

2. Fallow Land 54.7 13516.66 5470 10.07 3. Water body 43.56 10763.91 4356 8.02 4. Built-up Land 24.07 5947.82 2407 4.43 (Urban/rural) 5. Land with Scrub 20.16 4981.64 2016 3.71 6. Scrub Forest 18.89 4667.82 1889 3.48 7. Deciduous Forest 14.36 3548.43 1436 2.64 8. Plantation 6.17 1524.64 617 1.13 9. Mining & others 4.4 1087.26 440 0.81 10. Salt Affected area 1.19 294.05 119 0.22 11. Forest Plantation 0.95 234.75 95 0.18 12. Barren Land / Rocky 0.75 185.32 75 0.14 Land Total 543.27 134244.9 54327 100

Figure 3-5 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area

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. Figure 3-6: Land use/Land cover map of the Study Area

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As per the land use map, major part of the project site is covered by fallow land and some part by crop land 3.6.5 Topography Y.S.R. District is also considered to be one of the district endowed withrich history are minerals Flora & Fauna. Hyder Ali, Tippu Sulthan,Sivaji, Krishnadevaraya and Pratapa Rudra are some of the namesassociated with the History of tract. The district is blessed with a series ofbeautiful valleys through which Papagni, Chitravathi, Mandavya, Penna, Cheyyeru Rivers flow. The river Penna is the most important riverflowing right through the District and its story is incorporated in asasanam (inscription) at Gandikota. The Seshachalam range of hillspasses through this district and is crowned ultimately with the holy shrineof Tirumala in Chittoor District. Thus Y.S.R. District tract is associatedwith such holy rivers and hills have been considered a holy land. Contour map of study area is given inFigure 3-7. Physical map of Andhra Pradesh State is given inFigure 3-8. Digital Elevation Model of Atudy area is given in Figure 3-9. As per the Model the elevation of project site is 140-170m along the south side and along the northern most part it is 110-140 m

Figure 3-7 Contour map of study area

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Figure 3-8 Physical map of Andhra Pradesh

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Figure 3-9 Digital Elevation Model of study area 3.6.6 Geology of PIA District The YSR District (Kadapa) is underlain by various rock types belong to Late Archaean or Early Proterozoic era which are succeeded by rocks of Dharwarian Age and both are traversed by dolerite dykes. The older rocks are overlain by rocks of Cuddapah Super group and Kurnool Group belonging to Middle and Upper Proterozoic Age. The Cuddapah Sedimentary Basin, which is a huge depression formed over the denuded surfaces of older rocks extending into neighbouring districts occupies the major part of the district. The major rock types are quartzites, shales, limestones, phyllites, granites, granodiorites and granite gneiss. The Archaean comprises the Peninsular Gneissic Complex, represented by granite, granodiorite, granite-gneiss and migmatite. These rock types occur in the southwestern part of the district. Both the Archaean and Dharwar are traversed by dolerite dykes and quartz reefs. Alluvium consisting of gravel, sand, silt and clay occur along the river courses in the district.Geology map of the Study area is given in Figure 3-10.

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Figure 3-10 Geology Map of Study Area Geologically the study area (10 km radius) comprises of the following rock types. Bairenkonda Quartzite, Banaganapalle Quartzine Conglamorate, Gulcheru Quartzites,Koilakuntla Limestone, Koilkuntla / Karji Limestone, Nandyal Pink Shale, Nandyal Shales; Narji-Flaggy Limestone, Pulivendla Quartzites, Sand / Silt, Shale with Phyllites, Vempalli Limestone. The project site shale is located in Nandyal Shales. 3.6.7 Geomorphology of PIA District Geomorphologically, YSR District (Kadapa) has been classified into three units based on relief, slopefactor and soil. The three groups are (i) Structural land forms (ii) Denudational land forms and (iii) fluvial land forms. i) The structural landforms: These include structural hills, structural valleys, cuesta hills, Mesa/Buttee, linear ridges, intermontane valleys etc. These landforms occupy in considerable partand are mostly developed in eastern part. The structural hills, cuesta hills, Mesa/Buttee are generallynot suitable for ground water development. The structural valleys and intermontane valleys aregenerally suitable for ground water development with good recharge. ii) Denudational land forms: These include pediplain, pediment- inselberg complex. Piedmont zoneand residual hills. The ground water prospects are

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limited in shallow weathered pedipline andpediment inselberg complex, where as ground water prospects are moderate in moderatelyweathered pediplain. iii) Fluvial land forms: These include alluvial plains along major rivers and Bazada zones. Flood plainsform highly productive zones, while Bazada forms along foot hills and form shallow aquifers withgood yields. 3.6.8 Hydrogeology of PIA District The YSR District (Kadapa) is underlain by various rock types of different age groups ranging fromArchaean to Recent. These rocks consists mostly granite gneisses, migmatites and generally lack primary porosity. However, development of secondary porosity through weathering and fracturing gives scope for occurrence of ground water. Ground water occurs under unconfined conditions in weathered portion and under semi-confined conditions in joints and fractures. The ground water in weathered zone is developed by large diameter (6 m) dug wells and dug-cum-bore wells. The thickness of the weathered zone is generally upto 10 m in most of the area. During the rainy season, these wells sustain pumping around 4 hrs. in a day in two spells and yields 20 to 60 cu.m/day in rainy season. However, during the Rabi season, most of the wells are likely to yield less i.e., 5 to 20 cu.m/day and in drought years, likely to be dried up. The ground water in fractured portion is developed through construction of shallow/deep bore wells. Central Ground Water Board has carried out ground water exploration at the locations from depth ranging 107.20 to 200 m bgl. The drilling data reveals that fracture zones were encountered at various depths ranging from 8.00 to 145.80 m bgl. However, generally, the potential fractures were encountered between 20 and 100 m bgl. The cumulative yield of fracture zones varies from 0.1 to 4.9 lps. However, general yield of bore wells was found to be between 1 to 3 lps sometimes even more depending upon the fractured zone encountered in the bore well. Hydrogeology map of PIA district is given inFigure 3-11. As per the Hydrogeology map, the yield potential at the project site is from 2-6 lps.

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Figure 3-11 Hydrogeology Map of PIA district 3.6.9 Drainage Pattern of Study area The important river that drains through the district is Pennar which is perennial and flows in NW-SE direction. Its tributaries Chitravathi, Cheyyair, Papagni, Kundair and Sagileru are imtermittant in nature. The drainage pattern in general is dendraitic to sub-dendritic and parallel. The drainage is often parallel to sub parallel indicating structural control. Surface water plays a major role in irrigation when compared to the ground water source. The project site is located among number of streams. There is a major river Pennar within 10 km of the project site. However, a Pirchipadu Vanka is in north side of project boundary. The drainage of the study area is mostly controlled by the structural features. Among the different drainage pattern the noteworthy are sub-parallel. Streams flowing in the low lying tracts have been bounded on one side and serve as storagetanks for collection of rain water. The rivers and streams are forms part of the major recharge system. Important water bodies within 10 Km radius are Madhimadugu Vanka, Pirchipadu Vanka, Kamalapuram Lake and

Page 67 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Penna River. There is a Papagni river mid of site along the north east & south west direction. Drainage map of the study area is given in Figure 3-12.

Figure 3-12: Drainage Map of the Study area 1) Penneru River - North – 9 km 2) Pirchipadu Vanka- North west – 2 Km 3) Maddimadugu Vanka- East – 1.5 Km 4) Chinnagadi Vanka- East – 5 Km

3.6.10 Soils in PIA District Kadapa district is endowed mainly with red and black soils, with the fertility ranging from poor to medium.Soil Map of Kadapa District is given in Figure 3-13 and of study area is given in Figure 3-14. Red Soilsoccupy 54% of the cultivated area (L.R.Palli, Rayachoty, Rajampet, Pulivendla and Kodur divisions) with low nutrient status. Black soilscomprise of 45% of the total cultivated area in the district and are generally associated with clay content. They are located in Muddanur, Jammalamadugu, Proddatur, Mydukur, Pulivendla and Kamalapuram divisions. The remaining 1 % area is occupied by problematic soils. The extents under different soil type are given below: 1. Red soils: 218, 812 ha (54%) Page 68 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

2. Black soils: 182, 344 ha (45%) 3. Problematic soils: 4, 053 ha (1%)

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Figure 3-13 Soil Map of Kadapa District

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Figure 3-14: Soil Map of the Study area

As per the map, the soils in the study area are classified into 7 types. The soil map of the study area is prepared based on the National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land use Planning, Nagpur.The soil type of the study area is of following types. 1-Deep calcarious black soils 2-Red calcarious gravelly clay soils 3-Red calyey soils 4-Red shale Calcarious gravelly loamy soil 5-Red shale, Gravelly loam Soils 6-Red shall gravelly clay soils 7-Rock lands Red clayey soils occupy 40 % of the study area. The Project site lies in the same soil. 3.6.11 Physiography of Study Area The district has an irregular landscape with a number of hill ranges and hills with intervening valleys and high lands. The highest elevation is 1108 m amsl. The important hill ranges are Velikonda, Nallamalais, Yerramalai, Palakonda and Lankamalai are trending in NW-SE or E- W direction. The general elevation of the study area ranges from 130 m to 160 m above MSL. The elevation contour indicates the area is sloping towards south. Relatively higher elevation is

Page 70 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh observed in the south western side of the project site. Isolated hill of relatively higher altitude are noticed in the study area of 10km radius. A linear Ridge is observed in the northern side of the study area at distance of 4.5 km. The project site has a elevation variation of 13-150 m on the northern part and 140-170m on the southern part. The slope moves South West to North East direction. Physiography Map of Study area is given Figure 3-15..

Figure 3-15: Physiography Map of the Study Area 3.6.12 Cyclones & Depressions, Winds and Coastal Erosion Kadapa is facing the brunt of moderate to high damage risk floods. Floods are associated with cloud bursts, cyclones or depressions in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. As per India wind and cyclone hazard map Kadapa district is falling under Moderate damage risk zone. India wind and cyclone hazard Map is given in Figure 3-16.

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Figure 3-16: Wind and Cyclone Hazard Map of India 3.6.13 Seismicity As per the IS:1893 (Part-1) 2002 of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), the project location/study area falls in Zone II, which is categorised as a Low risk zone. The seismicity map of India is shown in Figure 3-17.

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Figure 3-17 Seismicity Map of India 3.7 Air Environment Baseline ambient air quality assessment gives the status in the vicinity of site and is an indispensable part of environmental impact assessment studies. Significant changes, in predominant winds and weather conditions are observed in winter, summer and post- monsoon seasons apart from the local topographic influences. The baseline status of air environment in the study area is assessed through a systematic air quality surveillance programme.

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3.7.1 Meteorological Conditions The regional air quality is influenced by the meteorology of that region. The principal weather parameters that influence the concentration of the air pollutants in the surroundings are wind speed, wind direction and temperature. The meteorological data is useful for proper interpretation of the baseline data. It is used as input for air quality dispersion models for predicting the post project environmental scenario i.e. ground level concentrations due to proposed utilities like boiler & DG sets, etc. 3.7.2 Meteorological Data Collection Available secondary data pertaining to the meteorological parameters was obtained from the IMD Climatalogical tables. In addition, baseline meteorological data (primary data) was generated during the Post-monsoon Season (Sep to Nov 2016). The methodology adopted for monitoring surface observations is as per the standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) i.e. IS:8829 and Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). 3.7.3 General Meteorological Scenario based on IMD Data The nearest Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) station located to project site is Tirupati. The Climatological data for Tirupati (13 04’ N and 79o 23’ E), published by the IMD, based on daily observations at 08:30 and 17:30 hour IST for a 30 year period, is presented in the following sections on the meteorological conditions of the region. The monthly variations of the relevant meteorological parameters are reproduced inTable 3-7.

Table 3-7 Climatological Summary – Tirupati Region (1971-2000) Relative Station Level Predominant Rainfall Temp (oC) Humidity Pressure Mean Wind Directions (mm) (%) hPa Wind (From)* Month Dail Dail No. Speed y y Total of 08:30 17:30 08:30 17:30 (m/s) 08:30 17:30 Max. Min. days Jan 29.9 18.7 17.9 0.9 78 54 20.9 19.9 2.5 SW NE Feb 32.8 20.1 17.8 0,9 73 45 22.0 19.4 2.5 SW NE Mar 36.7 22.6 2.2 0.4 68 37 24.4 19.4 2.7 SW NE Apr 39.3 26.2 12.9 0.9 64 36 27.7 21.5 3.0 SW S May 40.3 27.9 44.7 2.4 58 38 27.0 22.6 2.8 SW E Jun 37.8 27.2 76.1 4.6 58 45 25.6 24.2 2.8 SW W Jul 35.7 25.9 127.1 8.6 66 51 26.3 25.1 2.3 SW W Aug 34.8 25.5 137.4 8.1 68 53 26.3 25.6 2.3 SW W Sep 34.8 25.1 139.5 7.0 71 57 27.0 26.0 1.9 SW NW Oct 32.7 23.5 152.2 7.4 76 64 27.0 26.0 2.0 SW NE Nov 30.1 21.7 260.2 9.7 79 68 25.1 24.7 2.6 NE NE

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Relative Station Level Predominant Rainfall Temp (oC) Humidity Pressure Mean Wind Directions (mm) (%) hPa Wind (From)* Month Dail Dail No. Speed y y Total of 08:30 17:30 08:30 17:30 (m/s) 08:30 17:30 Max. Min. days

Dec 28.9 19.9 146.0 5.7 80 65 22.6 22.3 NE NE 2.9 Max. 40.3 27.9 2.2 0.4 80 68 27.7 19.4 Min. 28.9 18.7 260.2 8.6 58 36 20.9 26.0 Avg. 34.5 23.7 1133.9 56.6 70 51 25.1 23.0 2.5 As per the above Climatological table the observations drawn for the study period are the following. Wind roses drawn for various seasons as per IMD observatory data (1970-2000) are given in Figure 3-18.  Daily maximum temperature during the study period is 34.8ºC and the daily minimum temperature is 21.7ºC were recorded in the months of September and November respectively  Maximum and minimum relative humidity of 79% and 57% were recorded in the months of September to November respectively  Maximum and minimum rainfall of 260.2 mm and 139.5 mm was recorded in the months of September and November respectively  Total rainfall recorded during the study period is 183.9 mm  Maximum and minimum Mean wind speed during the study period is 2.6 m/s and 1.9 m/s.  Predominant wind direction is SW.

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Summer –(March-May) Monsoon –(June-September)

Post Monsoon-(October –December) Winter –(January-February)

Figure 3-18 Wind roses drawn for various seasons as per IMD observatory data (1970- 2000) 3.7.4 Meteorological Scenario during Study Period Meteorological scenario in and around the project site is an essential requirement during study period for proper interpretation of baseline air quality status. Site-specific meteorological data was collected during the study period post monsoon season, 2016 (September – November 2016 three months). Automatic weather station was installed at project site to record the meteorological parameters during the study period. Meteorological Page 76 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh parameters recorded include temperature, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, solar radiation and rainfall. The location is chosen such that there is no obstruction to the flow of wind and sunlight. The hourly meteorological data of wind speed, wind direction, temperature and solar radiation were recorded at the project site. These frequencies were computed on eight hourly as well as 24 hourly basis and the corresponding results are used to draw wind rose for 00-08hrs, 08-16 hrs, 16-24 hrs and 00-24hrs corresponding to study period as shown in subsequent sections. The overall wind pattern recorded for 01.00 – 24.00 hours during the study period is given in Figure 3-19.

September 2016 October 2016

November 2016

Figure 3-19Site Specific Windrose for the study period ((September to November 16) a) Atmospheric Inversion Atmospheric inversion level at the project site was monitored; the results observed at the site during the study period are as follows

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 Average atmospheric temperature : 27.9ºC  Average Relative humidity : 75%  Average Wind speed : 2.1 m/s The daily inversion level calculated based on the average temperature and average wind speed at the project site and the maximum inversion height is derived by the graph plotted based on the average temperature and average wind speed. The daily inversion level at the project site varies from 0 to 1250m during 6 AM to 5 PM, the maximum recorded at 5 PM. This is shown inFigure 3-20.

Figure 3-20 Hourly variation of the mixing heights b) Observations during Study Period The meteorological data collected during monitoring is used for interpretation of baseline status and to simulate the meteorological conditions for prediction of impacts in modelling studies. Meteorology data for the Study Period (September – November, 2016) is given in Table 3-8.

Table 3-8 Meteorology Data for the Study Period (September – November 2016) S. No Parameter Observation 1. Temperature Min. Temperature : 21.70C Max. Temperature : 34.80C Avg. Temperature : 27.9 0C 2. Relative Humidity Range 57 to 79% 3. Average Wind Speed 2.1 m/s 4. Predominant Wind Direction NE

Source: IMD observatory data (1970-2000) 3.7.5 Ambient Air Quality The selection criteria for monitoring locations are based on the following:  Topography/Terrain  Meteorological conditions

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 Residential and sensitive areas within the study area  Representatives of regional background air quality/pollution levels and  Representation of likely impacted areas 3.7.6 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations To evaluate the baseline air quality of the study area, Eight (08) monitoring locations have been identified by considering annual wind pattern. Annual Wind blows from South West to North East. A map showing the monitoring locations is given in Figure 3-21and the details of the locations are given in Table 3-9.

Table 3-9 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations Station Location Type of Lat longs Distance Azimuth Code Wind (km) from Directions Project boundary A1 Project Site - 14°30'28.25"N, -- Within Site 78°44'17.68"E A2 Thollaganganapalle d/w 14°32'0.68"N, 2.56 NE 78°45'36.77"E A3 Ambavaram c/w 14°31'9.95"N, 1.16 NW 78°43'27.48"E A4 Baligi palli c/w 14°25'32.79"N, 8.83 SE 78°50'14.18"E A5 Putha chinnayapalle c/w 14°34'9.15"N, 5.87 N 78°43'17.98"E A6 Rampathadu u/w 14°27'5.50"N, 4.2 SW 78°39'39.76"E A7 Vellatur c/w 14°31'22.79"N, 7.16 W 78°38'44.38"E A8 Paidikalva c/w 14°31'22.84"N, 9.36 NNW 78°38'48.21"E

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Figure 3-21 Ambient Air Quality monitoring locations

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3.7.7 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Techniques and Frequency Ambient air quality was monitored twice in a week for One (01) season (shall cover 12 weeks), i.e. during Post Monsoon season (September to November, 2016).

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, Pb, NH3, C6H6, C20H12, As, Ni were monitored on 24 hourly basis and

O3 and CO were monitored on eight hourly basis. Sampling was carried out as per Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) monitoring guidelines at each location. Analytical methods used for analysis of parameters are given in Table 3-10

Table 3-10 Analytical Methods for Analysis of Ambient Air Quality Parameters S.No Parameters Analytical method NAAQ standards: 2009 Sampling Time Sulphur Dioxide IS:5182(Part-2):2001 50 (Annual) 80 24 Hours 1. 3 (SO2), μg/m (Reaff:2006) (24 Hours) Nitrogen Dioxide IS: 5182 (Part - 6): 2006 40 (Annual) 80 24 Hours 2. 3 (NO2), μg/m (24 Hours) Particulate Matter IS: 5182 (Part - 23): 2006 40 (Annual) 60 24 Hours 3. 3 (PM2.5), μg/m (24 hours) Particulate Matter IS:5182 (Part– 23): 2006 60 (Annual) 100 24 Hours 4. 3 (PM10), μg/m (24 hours) CO μg/m3 IS:5182(Part–10):1999 2 (8 hours) 4 (1hour) 8 Hours 5. (Reaff:2006) Pb μg/m3 IS:5182(Part–22):2004 0.5(Annual) 1(24 hours) 24 Hours 6. (Reaff:2006) O , μg/m3 IS: 5182 (Part – 9): 1974 100(8hours) 180 (1hour) 7. 3 8 Hours

3 NH3, μg/m APHA(air) 2nd edition 100(Annual) 400 24 Hours 8. (Indophenol-blue (24 hours) method) Benzene, μg/m3 IS:5182(Part–11):1999 5 (Annual) 5 (Annual) 24 Hours 9. (RA:2009) Benzo (a) pyrene, IS:5182(Part– 1 (Annual) 1 (Annual) 24 Hours 10. ng/m3 12):2004(RA:2009) Arsenic, ng/ m3 APHA (air) 2nd edition 6 (Annual) 6 (Annual) 11. 24 Hours

3.7.8 Results and Discussions

The variations of the pollutants PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, Pb, O3, NH3 , C6H6, C20 H12, As & Ni are compared with National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), MoEF&CC Notification, November, 2009. Ambient Air Quality monitoring data (September to November,

Page 81 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

2016) for the study area is given in Table 3-11and graphically presented, trend of measured Ambient Concentrations in the Study Area is given from Table 3-12 to Table 3-17 and Figure 3-22 to 3-27.

Page 82 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Table 3-11Summary of the average baseline concentrations of pollutants Benzo CO Arsenic Nickel SO2 NO2 PM2.5 PM10 Pb O3 NH3 Benzen (a) S.No Location Name (mg/m3) (As) (Ni) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3 (µg/m3 (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) pyrene (ng/m3) (ng/m3) (ng/m3) 1. Project Site 13.20 27.99 27.29 58.22 BDL 0.015 11.60 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL (DL 0.05) (DL 5) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 5) 2. Thollaganganapalle 12.38 27.16 25.19 54.35 BDL 0.011 10.60 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL (DL 0.05) (DL 5) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 5) 3. Ambavaram 14.03 28.81 25.19 56.38 BDL 0.014 11.00 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL (DL 0.05) (DL 5) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 5) 4. Baligi palli 15.68 26.34 26.43 55.26 BDL 0.013 12.00 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL (DL 0.05) (DL 5) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 5) 5. Putha chinnayapalle 11.55 24.70 25.19 52.07 BDL 0.012 12.60 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL (DL 0.05) (DL 5) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 5) 6. Rampathadu 12.38 23.05 22.10 51.34 BDL 0.009 10.20 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL (DL 0.05) (DL 5) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 5) 7. Vellatur 15.68 27.16 24.08 50.15 BDL 0.016 11.20 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL (DL 0.05) (DL 5) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 5) 8. Paidikalva 15.68 25.52 26.30 53.24 BDL 0.012 10.80 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL (DL 0.05) (DL 5) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 5) Note: BDL (Below detectable limit), DL (Detectable limit

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Table 3-12 Ambient PM10 Monitoring Data

PM10Concentration µg/m³ S.No Location Name Maximum, Average, 98th Minimum µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 Percentile 1. Project Site 51.2 66.4 58.27 65.57 2. Thollaganganapalle 50.2 62.1 54.35 61.78 3. Ambavaram 45.3 63.6 56.39 63.14 4. Baligi palli 51.2 60.8 55.26 60.52 Putha 5. chinnayapalle 46.5 60.3 51.6 60.25 6. Rampathadu 41.2 58.9 51.35 58.9 7. Vellatur 46.5 53.3 50.11 53.25 8. Paidikalva 45.3 67.8 53.22 67.2

Figure 3-22Trends of Measured Ambient PM10 Concentrations in the Study Area

Table 3-13 Ambient PM2.5 Monitoring Data 3 PM2.5 Concentration, µg/m S.No Location Minimum Maximum, Average, 98th µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 Percentile 1 Project Site 17.10 31.60 27.29 31.42 2 Thollaganganapalle 21.60 30.00 25.19 29.82

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3 Ambavaram 20.80 30.20 25.19 30.11 4 Baligi palli 24.10 30.20 26.43 29.92 Putha 5 25.19 chinnayapalle 18.60 32.20 31.19 6 Rampathadu 17.10 24.80 22.10 24.71

7 Vellatur 18.20 30.20 24.08 29.46

8 Paidikalva 21.30 30.20 26.30 29.74

Figure 3-23Trends of Measured Ambient PM2.5 Concentrations in the Study Area

Table 3-14 Ambient SO2 Monitoring Data 3 SO2 Concentration, µg/m S.No Location Minimum Maximum, Average, 98th µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 Percentile 1 Project Site 9.9 16.8 13.27 16.34 2 Thollaganganapalle 8.8 15.8 12.28 15.57 3 Ambavaram 9.02 16.8 13.98 16.75 4 Baligi palli 10.3 18.7 15.67 18.65 Putha 5 chinnayapalle 8.4 14.7 11.45 14.65 6 Rampathadu 7.4 18.6 12.31 18.14 7 Vellatur 13.2 18.8 15.64 18.71 8 Paidikalva 10.3 22.4 15.68 22.35

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Figure 3-24: Trends of Measured Ambient SO2 Concentrations in the Study Area

Table 3-15 Ambient NO2 Monitoring Data 3 NO2 Concentration, µg/m S.No Location Minimum Maximum Average 98th µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 Percentile 1 Project Site 16.5 34.3 27.76 33.99 2 Thollaganganapalle 23.9 33.5 27.03 32.86 3 Ambavaram 24.1 33.4 28.9 33.31 4 Baligi palli 22.2 30.5 26.35 30.45 5 Putha chinnayapalle 19.6 32.2 24.7 32.15 6 Rampathadu 18.4 26.8 23.03 26.2 7 Vellatur 23.9 33.5 27.14 32.86 8 Paidikalva 18.3 33.5 25.52 32.86

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Figure 3-25Trends of Measured Ambient NO2 Concentrations in the Study Area Table 3-16 Ambient CO Monitoring Data CO Concentration, mg/m3

th S.No Location Minimum Maximum Average 98 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 Percentile 1 Project Site 0.005 0.018 0.015 0.018 2 Thollaganganapalle 0.003 0.016 0.011 0.016 3 Ambavaram 0.008 0.019 0.014 0.019 4 Baligi palli 0.001 0.019 0.013 0.019 5 Putha chinnayapalle 0.001 0.018 0.012 0.018 6 Rampathadu 0.001 0.018 0.009 0.017 7 Vellatur 0.003 0.1 0.016 0.08 8 Paidikalva 0.001 0.018 0.012 0.018

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Figure 3-26Trends of Measured Ambient CO Concentrations in the Study Area

Table 3-17 Ambient O3 Monitoring Data

O3 Concentration, μg/m3

th S.No Location Minimum Maximum Average 98 μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 Percentile 1 Project Site 8.4 14.7 11.58 14.65 2 Thollaganganapalle 8.4 13 10.62 13.05 3 Ambavaram 9.2 15.8 11.03 15.34 4 Baligi palli 9.2 15.8 12.01 15.57 5 Putha chinnayapalle 8.9 20.2 12.63 19.37 6 Rampathadu 8.6 14 10.31 13.08 7 Vellatur 9.2 14.7 11.2 13.92 8 Paidikalva 7.4 16.8 10.95 16.8

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Figure 3-27Trends of Measured Ambient O3 Concentrations in the Study Area 3.7.9 Observations

Maximum concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, Pb, O3, NH3 , C6H6, C20 H12, As & Ni are well within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Industrial, Commercial and Residential areas at all monitoring locations during the study period. 3.8 Noise Environment The prevailing ambient noise level at a particular location is nothing but the resultant (total) of all kinds of noise sources existing at various distances around that location. The ambient noise level at a location varies continuously depending on the type of surrounding activities. Ambient noise levels have been established by monitoring noise levels at eight (08) locations in and around 10Km distance from project area during September to November, 2016 using precision noise level meter. The noise monitoring locations in the study area were selected after giving due consideration to the various land use categories. The land use categories include commercial, residential, rural and sensitive areas. Noise levels were recorded on an hourly basis for one complete day at each location using pre- calibrated noise levels. A map showing the monitoring locations is given in Figure 3-28

Page 89 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Figure 3-28 Noise monitoring locations 3.8.1 Results and Discussions Based on the recorded hourly noise levels at each monitoring location, the day equivalent

(Ld) and night equivalent (Ln) were calculated;

 Ld: Average noise levels between 6:00 hours to 22.00 hours.

 Ln: Average noise levels between 22:00 hours to 6.00 hours.

The Day-Night (Ldn) equivalent noise levels were calculated using the US Environmental Protection Agency formula: Ld/10 Ln+10/10 Ldn = 10 Log [0.0416 {16 (10 ) + 8 (10 )}]

The comparison of day equivalent noise levels (Ld) and night equivalent noise levels (Ln) with the respective CPCB stipulated noise standards for various land use categories are shown in the Table 3-18

Table 3-18Day and Night Equivalent Noise Levels S. Location Distance Azimuth Noise level CPCB Environment Location No Code (km) from Direction in dB(A) Leq Standard al Setting

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Project Lday LNight Day Night boundary (Ld) (Ln) Within Industrial 1. Project Site N1 -- 75 68 75 70 Site Thollagangan Commercial 2. N2 2.3 N 66 54 65 55 apalle 3. Ambavaram N3 1.1 SE 56 47 55 45 Residential 4. Baligi palli N4 8.8 S 64 57 65 55 Commercial Putha Commercial 5. N5 5.6 N 68 57 65 55 chinnayapalle 6. Rampathadu N6 4.2 NW 54 48 55 45 Residential 7. Vellatur N7 7.1 NW 59 44 55 45 Residential 8. Paidikalva N8 9.3 NE 78 73 75 70 Industrial 3.8.2 Observations It is observed that the day equivalent and night equivalent noise levels at all locations are within prescribed CPCB standards  Day equivalent noise levels (Ld) ranged between 54.0 dB(A) to 78.0 dB (A)

 Night equivalent noise levels (Ln) ranged between 44.0 dB (A) to 73.0 dB (A). The field observations during the study period indicate that the ambient noise levels were slightly exceeded the prescribed standards for all noise zones noise levels are slightly exceeded the limit prescribed by MoEF&CC. 3.9 Water Environment 3.9.1 Surface Water Resources The YSR District (Kadapa) is drained by Pennar river and its chief tributaries are cheyyair,Papaghni, Chitravati, Sagileru and Kunderu. Pincha and Mandavi are minor streams. About 21,758 ha area is irrigated by the representative surface water sampling locations have been chosen. Reconnaissance survey was undertaken to ascertain the location of water bodies viz streams, rivers, lakes etc. The sampling stations were chosen based on the existing pollution sources near these water bodies and threat of pollution in the future. The region receives rainfall predominantly during monsoon season with an average annual rainfall of about 675 mm per year. The List of major water bodies nearby project site is given inTable 3-19 Table 3-19 List of Major Water Bodies within 10Km radius

S.No Name of the Water bodies Distance Direction 1 Lake Near Ambavaram 2.32 NW village

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2 LakeNear Viswanathapuram 6.86 ESE Village 3 Lake Near Cherlopalle Village 3.93 SE 4 Lake Near Utukur Village 4.09 ESE 5 Devuni Kadapa Lake 6.21 E 6 Lake Near 0.36 E Thollaganganapalle Village 7 Lake Near Kumaraumipalle 9.37 NW Village 8 Lake Near Lebaka village 5.05 NW 9 Lake Near Kopprthy 0.61 - 10 Lake Near Vallur 4.64 N 11 Lake Near Kamaparthy 8.29 NE 12 Lake Near Chinnakampalle 9.75 SSE 13 Lake Near Jamalpalle 8.21 SE 14 Lake Near Rayalapanthupalle 1.76 SE 15 Lake Near Nagireddypalle 9.60 SE 3.9.1.1. Surface Water Quality Assessment To establish the baseline status of water environment, the existing representative sampling locations for surface water within a radial distance of 10Km from project site have been selected as per CPCB guidelines of Water Quality Monitoring through an adequate survey of the project area. Test methods used for the analysis of water quality parameters is given in Table 3-20.

Table 3-20 Test methods used for the analysis of water quality parameters

S. No Parameter Measured Test Method

1 pH (at 25°C) IS:3025 (Part - 11): 1983 (Reaff: 2006) 2 Electrical Conductivity IS:3025 (Part - 14): 1983 (Reaff: 2006) 3 Color IS:3025 (Part- 4) 1983 (Reaff 2006) 4 Total Hardness as CaCO3 IS:3025 (Part - 21) 1983 (Reaff 2006) 5 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 IS:3025,1 (Part - 23) 1986 (Reaff 2009) 6 Cadmium IS:3025 (Part 41) 1991 7 Chloride as Cl IS:3025 (Part - 32) 1988(Reaff 2009) 8 Total Dissolved Solids IS:3025:1(Part - 16) 1984 (Reaff 2006) 9 Aluminium as Al IS:3025 (Part - 55) 2003 (Reaff 2009)

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S. No Parameter Measured Test Method

10 Chromium as Cr IS:3025 (Part - 52) 2003 (Reaff 2009) 11 Lead as Pb IS:3025 (Part - 47) 1994 (Reaff 2009) 12 Zinc as Zn IS:3025 (Part - 49) 1994 (Reaff 2009) 13 Sodium as Na IS:3025,5(Part - 45) 1993 (Reaff 2006) 14 Temperature IS:3025 (Part - 9) 1983 (Reaff 2006) 15 Chemical oxygen demand as O2 IS:3025 (Part-58)-2006 16 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) IS:3025 (Part - 38)1989 (Reaff 2009) 17 Salinity - 18 Copper as Cu IS:3025 (Part - 42)1992 (Reaff: 2009) 19 BOD,5 days @200C as O2 5210B APHA22nd Edn 2012 20 Total coliform bacteria (MPN/100ml) IS:1622 1981 (Reaff: 2009) 21 F-Coli IS:1622, 1981 (Reaff: 2009) The prevailing status of water quality at eight sampling locations for ground water and 4 sampling locations for surface water has been assessed during September – November 2016 are presented in Table 3-21. Surface water quality results are provided in Table 3-22. A map showing the monitoring locations is given in Figure 3-29.

Table 3-21Surface water sampling locations Direction from Distance from S.No Name of the Water body project Project Boundary boundary 1 Near Ambavaram Lake 2.32 NW 2 Near Viswanathapuram Lake 6.86 ESE 3 Near Cherlopalle lake 3.93 SE 4 Near Utukur lake 4.09 ESE

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Figure 3-29 Water quality monitoring locations

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Table 3-22 Surface Monitoring Results S.N Parameters Units SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 IS 10500 o Ambava Viswan Cherlop Utukur (2012): ram athapur alle lake lake Drinking Lake am Water Lake Accepta ble limit 1 Source Lake Lake Lake Lake -

2 Color Hazen BDL(1.0) BDL(1.0) BDL(1.0) BDL(1.0) 5 3 pH - 8.07 8.04 8.11 8.13 6.5-8.5 4 Turbidity NTU 7 BDL (DL BDL 14 1 0.1) (DL0.1) 5 Conductivity µS/cm 344 218 318 310 - 6 Total Dissolved mg/l 217 132 215 212 500 Solids 7 Total. Alkalinity mg/l 140 52 98 100 200 8 Total Hardness mg/l 108 48 100 40 200

as CaCO3 9 Calcium mg/l 22.4 7.2 23.2 21.7 75 10 Magnesium mg/l 12.5 4.3 10.1 4.3 30 11 Sodium mg/l 34.0 33.0 45.0 25.0 - 12 Potassium mg/l 2.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 - 13 Chlorides mg/l 19.0 18.1 21.9 18.5 250 14 Sulphates mg/l 8.1 27.1 27.1 12.6 200 15 Carbonate mg/l - - - - - 16 Bicarbonate mg/l 170.8 63.44 119.56 122 - 17 Nitrates mg/l 3.66 1.84 1.24 2.02 45 18 Fluoride mg/l 0.88 0.57 0.38 BDL 1.0 (DL0.05) 19 Sulphides mg/l BDL(DL1 BDL(DL1 BDL(DL1) BDL(DL1) 0.05 ) ) 20 Phosphate mg/l 0.04 BDL (DL BDL (DL BDL - 0.02) 0.02) (DL0.02) 30 Cyanide mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05 (DL0.01) (DL0.01) (DL0.01) (DL0.01)

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S.N Parameters Units SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 IS 10500 o Ambava Viswan Cherlop Utukur (2012): ram athapur alle lake lake Drinking Lake am Water Lake Accepta ble limit 21 Silica mg/l BDL(DL0 BDL(DL0 BDL(DL0. BDL(DL0. - .04) .04) 04) 04) 22 % Sodium % 40.0 64.3 49.1 42.5 - 23 Residual meq/l 0.64 0.32 -0.04 0.56 - Sodium Carbonate (RSC) 25 Oil & Grease mg/l BDL(DL BDL(DL BDL(DL BDL(DL - 4.0) 4.0) 4.0) 4.0) 26 Dissolved mg/l 6.2 5.8 6.1 6 - oxygen 27 COD mg/l 6.0 3.5 2.0 7.4 - 28 BOD mg/l 2.0 2.0 BDL ( DL 3.5 - 1.0) 29 Arsenic mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01 ( (DL0.005 ( ( DL0.005) ) DL0.005) DL0.005) 31 Cadmium BDL( BDL( BDL( BDL( 0.003 DL0.01) DL0.01) DL0.01) DL0.01) 32 Chromium mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05 ( DL ( DL ( DL ( DL 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 33 Copper mg/l 0.011 0.01 0.01 0.014 0.05 34 Iron mg/l 0.48 0.22 0.24 1.43 0.3 35 Lead mg/l BDL( DL BDL( DL BDL( DL BDL( DL 0.01 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 36 Manganese mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.1 ( DL ( DL ( DL 0.05) ( DL 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 37 Mercury mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.001

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S.N Parameters Units SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 IS 10500 o Ambava Viswan Cherlop Utukur (2012): ram athapur alle lake lake Drinking Lake am Water Lake Accepta ble limit ( DL ( DL ( DL ( DL 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 40 Nickel as Ni mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.02 (DL 0.05) (DL 0.05) (DL 0.05) (DL 0.05) 38 Selenium mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01 ( DL ( DL ( DL ( DL 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 39 Zinc mg/l 0.026 0.045 0.31 0.026 5

3.9.1.2. Results and Discussions  Surface waters are slightly alkaline in nature, pH ranged between 8.04 and 8.13  Electrical Conductivity (EC) ranged between 218 µS/cm and 344 µS/cm  Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) ranged between 132 mg/l and 217 mg/l  Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) recorded maximum of 3.5 mg/l  Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ranged between 2.0 mg/l and 7.4 mg/l  Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ranged between 5.8 mg/l and 6.2 mg/l  Total Hardness (as CaCO3) ranged between 40 mg/l and 108 mg/l  Calcium (Ca) ranged between 7.2 mg/l and 23.2 mg/l  Magnesium ranged between 4.3 mg/l and 12.5 mg/l  Chlorides ranged between 18.1 mg/l and 21.9 mg/l  Sulphates ranged between 8.1 mg/l and 27.1 mg/l  Nitrates value ranged between 1.24 mg/l and 3.66 mg/l  Sodium (Na) ranged between 25.0 mg/l and 45.0 mg/l  Potassium(K) ranged between 1.0 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l  Iron (Fe) ranged between 0.22 mg/l and 1.43 mg/l  Zinc (Zn) ranged between 0.02 mg/l and 0.31 mg/l  Concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu) ,Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Arsenic (As), Manganese (Mn) and Mercury (Hg) are observed to be below detectable limits at all locations

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It is inferred that all the parameters for surface water samples are within the limits specified of IS 10500 (2012): Drinking Water, Acceptable limit. Surface water quality standards are provided in Table 3-23.

Table 3-23 Surface Water Quality Standards

S.No Parameters Unit A B C D E

1 Colour Hazen 10 300 300 ------2 Turbidity NTU ------3 pH -- 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 4 Conductivity µS/cm ------1000 2250 5 Total Dissolved mg/l 500 --- 1500 --- 2100 Solids 6 Alkalinity as mg/l ------CaCO3 7 Total Hardness as mg/l 300 ------CaCo3 8 Calcium as Ca mg/l 80.10 ------9 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 24.28 ------10 Sodium mg/l ------11 Potassium mg/l ------12 Chloride as Cl mg/l 250 --- 600 --- 600 13 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 400 --- 400 --- 1000 14 Phosphate mg/l ------15 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 20 --- 50 ------16 Fluorides as F mg/l 1.5 1.5 1.5 ------17 Cyanide mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 ------18 Arsenic mg/l 0.05 0.2 0.2 ------19 Cadmium mg/l 0.01 --- 0.01 ------20 Chromium, Total mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 ------21 Copper mg/l 1.5 --- 1.5 ------22 Iron mg/l 0.3 --- 50 ------23 Lead mg/l 0.1 --- 0.1 ------24 Zinc mg/l 15 --- 15 ------25 Manganese mg/l 0.5 ------26 Selenium mg/l 0.01 --- 0.05 ------

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S.No Parameters Unit A B C D E

27 Mercury mg/l 0.001 ------28 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6 5 4 4 --- 29 COD mg/l ------30 BOD mg/l 2 3 3 ------Class A – Drinking water without conventional treatment but after disinfection. Class B –Water for outdoor bathing. Class C – Drinking water with conventional treatment followed by disinfection. Class D – Water for fish culture and wild life propagation. Class E – Water for irrigation, industrial cooling and controlled waste disposal. 3.9.2 Ground water resources Ground Water Department is monitoring the changes in groundwater regime continuously through a network of Piezometer wells fitted with Automatic water level recorders in different hydro geological and geomorphic units. Ground water level behaviour is analysed based on monitoring of ground water level from the Network Hydrograph Stations (NHS) established by CGWB. Groundwater resource of the district has been assessed keeping in view, the sustainable and optimum development of the resource. The estimation has been done based Ground Water Estimation methodology (GEM)-1997. The groundwater Water Resources (MCM) as on March, 2009, from the district-wise groundwater resources-2012 published by the Central Groundwater Board (CGWB) as given in Table 3-24. Ground water level fluctuation decadal means (May 2001 – May 2010) with May 2011 for YSR (Kadapa) District, Andhra Pradesh is given in Figure 3-30.

Table 3-24 Groundwater Water Resources (MCM) As on March, 2009

Attribute Potential /Quantity

Area of the district 15,379 Sq.Km Net ground water availability 1,05,039 ham Gross annual draft 65,194 ham Net GW availability for future irrigation 39,845 ham Stage of ground water development 62% Project Site 2-4 m rise

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Project Site

Figure 3-30 Ground water level fluctuation decadal mean (May 2001 – May 2010) with May 2011 for Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

3.9.1.3. Ground water Quality Total Eight (08) ground water monitoring locations were identified for assessment in different villages around the project site based on the usage of sub surface water by the settlements/ villages in the study area. The groundwater results are compared with the desirable and permissible water quality standards as per IS: 10500 (2012) for drinking water. Groundwater quality monitoring locations and results are given in Table 3-25and

Page 100 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Table 3-26. A map showing the monitoring locations is given in Figure 3-29. Table 3-25: Groundwater Quality Monitoring Locations Station Location Distance (km) Azimuth Code from Project Directions boundary GW1 Project Site -- Within Site GW2 Thollaganganapalle 2.56 NE GW3 Ambavaram 1.16 NW GW4 Baligi palli 8.83 SE GW5 Putha chinnayapalle 5.87 N GW6 Rampathadu 4.2 NNW GW7 Vellatur 7.16 W

Page 101 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Table 3-26 Ground Water Monitoring Results S.No Parameters Units GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 IS 10500 Project Thollagan Ambavaram Baligi Putha Rampathadu Vellatur Paidikalva (2012): Site ganapalle palli chinnaya Drinking palle Water Accepta ble limit

Hand Hand Hand Hand Tube 1 Source Tube well Tube well Tube well - pump pump pump pump well BDL BDL BDL BDL (DL BDL BDL (DL BDL 2 Color Hazen BDL (DL1.0) 5 (DL1.0) (DL1.0) (DL1.0) 1.0) (DL1.0) 1.0) (DL1.0) 3 pH - 8.32 7.93 8.13 8.25 8.14 7.85 7.8 7.73 6.5-8.5 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 4 Turbidity NTU BDL (DL0.1) 1 (DL0.1) (DL0.1) (DL0.1) (DL0.1) (DL0.1) (DL0.1) (DL0.1) 5 Conductivity µS/cm 2234 1156 1225 1045 1420 1395 1076 1140 - 6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 1395 728 875 643 872 846 732 752 500 7 Total Alkalinity mg/l 320 285 290 210 280 258 320 350 200 8 Total Hardness mg/l 583 298 304 195 292 252 380 347 200 9 Calcium mg/l 146 68 75 43 65 51 65 72 75 10 Magnesium mg/l 53 31 28 22 32 30 53 41 30 11 Sodium mg/l 228 68 130 120 148 147 65 72 - 12 Potassium mg/l 14 5 8 5 6 10 4 6 - 13 Chlorides mg/l 382 114 190 124 162 252 109 119 250 14 Sulphates mg/l 123 53 74 57 85 39 70 57 200

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S.No Parameters Units GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 IS 10500 Project Thollagan Ambavaram Baligi Putha Rampathadu Vellatur Paidikalva (2012): Site ganapalle palli chinnaya Drinking palle Water Accepta ble limit

15 Carbonate mg/l 24 ------16 Bicarbonate mg/l 390 366 354 256 342 315 390 451 - 17 Nitrate mg/l 41.6 4.83 22 5.44 26 46.8 5.32 8.3 45 18 Fluoride mg/l 2.82 2.29 1.88 3.42 0.29 1.18 3.81 2.53 1.0 BDL(DL 19 Sulphides mg/l BDL(DL1) BDL(DL1) BDL(DL1) BDL(DL1) BDL(DL1) BDL(DL1) BDL(DL1) 0.05 1) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 20 Cyanide mg/l (DL - (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) 0.01) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 21 Silica mg/l (DL0.04 0.05 (DL0.04) (DL0.04) (DL0.04) (DL0.04) (DL0.04) (DL0.04) (DL0.04) ) 22 % Sodium % 25.34 29.03 16.20 22.01 22.85 21.94 42.09 33.56 - Residual Sodium 23 meq/l 0.26 -2.31 -4.96 0.02 -0.72 -1.76 -1.80 -2.42 - Carbonate (RSC) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 25 Arsenic mg/l (DL0.00 0.01 (DL0.005) (DL0.005) (DL0.005) (DL0.005) (DL0.005) (DL0.005) ( DL0.005) 5)

Page 103 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Parameters Units GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 IS 10500 Project Thollagan Ambavaram Baligi Putha Rampathadu Vellatur Paidikalva (2012): Site ganapalle palli chinnaya Drinking palle Water Accepta ble limit

BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 26 Cadmium mg/l (DL0.01 0.003 (DL0.01) (DL0.01) (DL0.01) (DL0.01) (DL0.01) (DL0.01) (DL0.01) ) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 27 Chromium mg/l (DL 0.05 (DL 0.05) (DL 0.05) (DL 0.05) (DL 0.05) (DL0.05) (DL 0.05) (DL 0.05) 0.05) 28 Copper mg/l 0.014 0.014 0.01 0.013 0.01 0.013 0.011 0.023 0.05 29 Iron mg/l 0.42 0.42 0.38 0.18 0.21 0.17 0.24 0.29 0.3 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 31 Lead mg/l ( DL 0.01 ( DL 0.1) ( DL 0.1) ( DL 0.1) ( DL 0.1) ( DL 0.1) ( DL 0.1) ( DL 0.1) 0.1) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 32 Manganese mg/l ( 0.1 ( DL0.05) ( DL0.05) ( DL0.05) ( DL0.05) (DL0.05) ( DL0.05) ( DL0.05) DL0.05) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 33 Mercury mg/l (DL0.00 0.001 (DL0.00) (DL0.00) (DL0.00) (DL0.00) (DL0.00) (DL0.00) (DL0.00) ) 34 Selenium mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01

Page 104 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Parameters Units GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 IS 10500 Project Thollagan Ambavaram Baligi Putha Rampathadu Vellatur Paidikalva (2012): Site ganapalle palli chinnaya Drinking palle Water Accepta ble limit

(DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05 (DL0.05) ) 35 Zinc mg/l 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.018 5 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 36 Phosphate mg/l (DL - (DL 0.02) (DL 0.02) (DL 0.02) (DL 0.02) (DL 0.02) (DL 0.02) (DL 0.02) 0.02) 37 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA - BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 38 COD mg/l ( DL - ( DL 4.0) ( DL 4.0) ( DL 4.0) ( DL 4.0) ( DL 4.0) ( DL 4.0) ( DL 4.0) 4.0) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 39 BOD mg/l ( DL - ( DL 1.0) ( DL 1.0) ( DL 1.0) ( DL 1.0) ( DL 1.0) ( DL 1.0) ( DL 1.0) 1.0)

3.9.1.4. Results and Discussions  pH ranged between 7.73 and 8.32  Electrical Conductivity (EC) varied between 1045 µS/cm and 2234 µS/cm  Total dissolved solids ranged between 643 mg/l and 1395 mg/l

Page 105 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

 Total alkalinity (as CaCO3) varied between 210 mg/l and 320 mg/l  Total hardness (as CaCO3) ranged between 195 mg/l and 583 mg/l  Calcium (as Ca) ranged between 43 mg/l and 146 mg/l  Magnesium (as Mg) ranged between 22 mg/l and 53 mg/l  Chlorides (as Cl-) ranged between 109 mg/l and 382 mg/l  Fluorides as (F-) ranged between 1.18 mg/l to 3.42 mg/l  Sulphates (as SO4) ranged between 39 mg/l and 123 mg/l  Nitrates (as NO3) ranged between 4.83 mg/l and 46.8 mg/l  Zinc (Zn) ranged between 0.01 mg/l and 0.06 mg/l  Iron (Fe) ranged between 0.17 mg/l and 0.42mg/l The concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Arsenic (As), and Mercury (Hg) are observed to be below detectable limits at all locations

Page 106 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

3.10 Soil as a Resource and its Quality The predominant soils in the PIA district are red and black soils, with the fertility ranging from poor to medium. Red soils occupy 54% of the cultivated area (L.R.Palli, Rayachoty, Rajampet, Pulivendla and Kodur divisions) with low nutrient status. Black soils comprise of 45% of the total cultivated area in the district and are generally associated with clay content. The soils of the district, in general, are low to medium in fertility status. Soil fertility index gives an account of low phosphorous and medium to high potash and low to medium organic carbon in the entire district, while pH ranges from 6.5 to 8.75. Zinc deficiency is the most common phenomenon in Agriculture crops. Ph levels are also increasing in the recent past due to intensive cultivation, particularly under K.C.Canal as the farmers are applying chemical fertilizers indiscriminately. Red soils occupy an extent of 218, 812 hectares, while 182, 344 hectares area is covered by black soils and the balance area of 4,053 hectares is under problematic soils. 3.10.1 Soil quality In order to assess the quality of soil at different locations in the study area, various land use categories were taken into account. Soil sampling was carried out at Eight (08) locations in the study area. Soil analysis was carried as per IS: 2720 methods. Soil quality monitoring locations & results are given in Table 3-27 and Table 3-28. A map showing the monitoring locations is given in Figure 3-31.

Table 3-27Soil Quality Monitoring Locations Location Distance (Km) Direction Location Code w.r.t project site w.r.t. project site

S1 Project Site -- Within Site

S2 Thollaganganapalle 2.56 NE S3 Ambavaram 1.16 NW S4 Baligi palli 8.83 SE

S5 Putha chinnayapalle 5.87 N

S6 Rampathadu 4.2 NNW

S7 Vellatur 7.16 W S8 Paidikalva 9.36 NNW

Page 107 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Figure 3-31 Soil quality monitoring locations

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Table 3-28Soil Quality Monitoring Results S.No Parameters Units S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 Project Site Thollaga Ambavara Baligi Putha Rampat Vellatur Paidikalva nganapal m palli chinnayap hadu le alle Colour Greyish Dark Reddish Brown Brown Brown Grey Grey 1 white Brown Brown Textural Class - Clay Silty Silty Silty Clay Sandy Clay Silt Loam Silt Loam Clay 2 Loam Clay Clay Loam 3 Sand % 60 28 33 6 10 7 8 5 4 Silt % 4 40 50 76 36 41 43 59 5 Caly % 36 32 17 18 54 52 49 36 6 pH ( 1:2) - 8.52 8.51 8.21 7.58 8.15 8.37 8.06 8.14 7 Bulk Density g/cc 1.31 1.17 1.16 1.18 1.37 1.37 1.36 1.35 8 Conductivity (1:2) umohs/cm 300 304 170 54 147 218 166 137 9 Moisture Content % 13.06 11.1 13.93 7.95 1.86 2.2 1.435 1.84 Cation Exchange meq/100 18.0 16.0 8.5 9.0 27.0 26.0 24.5 24.0 10 capacity gm 11 Organic carbon 0.079 0.075 0.106 0.482 0.553 0.538 1.05 1.14 12 Organic matter % 0.136 0.129 0.182 0.830 0.953 0.927 1.81 1.96 13 Nitrogen Kg/ha 46.8 50.4 64.8 306 414 436 374 324 14 Phosphorus Kg/ha 54.2 104 155 504 720 648 576 540

Page 109 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Parameters Units S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 Project Site Thollaga Ambavara Baligi Putha Rampat Vellatur Paidikalva nganapal m palli chinnayap hadu le alle 15 Potassium Kg/ha 216 540 396 684 864 756 648 684 Oil & Grease % BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 16 (DL1.0) (DL1.0) (DL1.0) (DL1.0) (DL1.0) (DL1.0) (DL1.0) (DL1.0) 17 Calcium % 0.96 0.28 0.52 0.16 0.44 0.2 0.24 0.24 18 Magnesium % 0.53 0.24 0.12 0.048 0.096 0.048 0.17 0.19 19 Boron mg/kg 0.83 0.95 0.98 1.02 1.16 0.88 1.98 1.04 Cadmium mg/kg BDL BDL BDL BDL 1.2 1.3 1.4 11 20 (DL 0.1) (DL 0.1) (DL 0.1) (DL 0.1) 21 Chromium mg/kg 0.36 0.48 0.65 1.42 1.06 1.1 1.09 1.12 22 Copper mg/kg 0.98 1.4 1.15 8.8 19 20.4 13.7 10.5 23 Iron mg/kg 942 293 219 120 250 235 104 119 Lead mg/kg BDL BDL BDL 11 23 14 11 12 24 (DL 0.1) (DL 0.1) (DL 0.1) 25 Manganese mg/kg 2.9 3.1 2.41 8.4 15.6 11.2 10.5 9.5 26 Zinc mg/kg 4.2 7.6 9.6 13.9 28 28 27 14

Page 110 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

3.10.2 Results and Discussions  Silty Clay type soils are dominant in the study area  pH of soils ranged between 7.58 and 8.52  Electrical Conductivity varied between 54 µmhos/cm and 304 µmhos/cm  Nitrogen (N) varied between 46.8 Kg/ha and 436 Kg/ha  Phosphorous (P) varied between 54.2 Kg/ha and 720 Kg/ha  Potassium (K) varied between 216 Kg/ha and 864 Kg/ha  Moisture Content varied between 1.43 % and 13.93%  Bulk density varied between 1.16 gm/cc and 1.37 gm/cc  Zinc (Zn) varied between 4.2 mg/kg and 28 mg/kg  Iron (Fe) varied between 104 mg/kg and 942 mg/kg  Manganese (Mn) varied between 2.4 mg/kg and 15.6 mg/kg  Lead (Pb) varied between 11 mg/kg and 23 mg/kg 3.11 Baseline Biological Survey Baseline biological survey was carried out to assess the ecology of the study area. The floral diversity is grouped into trees, shrubs, climbers, herbs and aquatic plants. Similarly the faunal diversity is grouped into mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. The study area has open forest cover in the western region. Large tracts of the land are under Paddy, cotton, maize and chilli cultivation. 3.11.1 Floral and Faunal Biodiversity in the Study Area The study experiences hot climate during summer and cooler winter due to absence of thick forest cover in the region. Large tracts of land in the region are under rice cultivation. Forest types found in the study area predominantly scrub forests are found distributed in the few patches in the S and SW to the site. Social forestry development induced Eucalyptus plantations can be seen in Northern and eastern region to the site. Two plant species are predominantly distributed in the study area. The biodiversity study was conducted to provide information on flora and fauna present in the study area. The study was conducted from 20.05.2016 and 04.06.2016 in places situated within a radius of 10 km from the site. The list of places covered in the floral biodiversity and faunal biodiversity survey are Kopparthy, Yadaapurm, Tadigodla, Tollaganaplli, Ambavaram &Rampathadu villages. The various species of flora and fauna recorded in the study are tabulated. 3.11.2 Flora a) Trees A number of tree species are observed in the study area which is given in the Table 3-29 Page 111 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Table 3-29Summary of Trees recorded in the study area S.No Botanical name English name Local name (Telugu ) 1. Acacia arabica Gum arabic tree Natta tuma 2. Acacia farnesiana Cassie flower Kasturitumma 3. Acacia ferruginea Rusty Acacia An-sandra 4. Acacia leucophloea White barked Tella tumma Acacia 5. Acacia mearnsii Black wattle Tumma 6. Acacia melanoxylon Sally Wattle Kondakorinda 7. Acacia nilotica Babool Nala tuma 8. Albizia lebbeck Flea tree Dirisena 9. Albizia odoratissima Black siris Cinduga 10. Albizia procera White siris Tella cinduga 11. Balanites Desert date Gara aegyptiaca 12. Bambusa bambo Bamboo Bongu veduru 13. Barringtonia Indian putat Kadimi acutangula 14. Bauhinia Mountain ebony Puli chinta malabarica 15. Bauhinia racemosa Burmese Silk Tella Arecettu Orchid 16. Borassus flabellifer Palm Taati Munjalu 17. Butea frondosa Flame of the Moduga forest 18. Casuarina Casuarina Saragudu equisetifolia 19. Cochlospermum Yellow Silk Kondagogu religiosum Cotton 20. Cocos nucifera Coconut Kobbari chettu 21. Enterolobium Rain tree Nidra ganneru saman 22. Eucalyptus globules Eucalyptus Jamayul

23. Ficus benghalensis Banyan Marri

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S.No Botanical name English name Local name (Telugu ) 24. Ficus religiosa Pee pal Raavi 25. Magnifera indica Mango Mamidi 26. Peltophorum Weeping wattle Pacha sunkesula africanum 27. Phoenix sylvestris Wild date palm Itha 28. Pongamia pinnata Indian beech Kanuga 29. Prosopis spicigera Indian mesquit. Jammi 30. Sesbania Hummingbird tree Avisi grandiflora 31. Techtona grandis Teak Teku b) Shrubs The study area has patches of shrub forest in many places therefore number of shrubs where recorded during the study. Shrubs encountered during the survey are given in the Table 3-30.

Table 3-30Summary of Shrubs recorded in the study area S.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name 1. Abutilon indicum Indian Mallow Tuturabenda 2. Acacia latronum Buffalo thorn Tella tumma 3. Ageratum conyzoides Goat weed Pumpillu 4. Allophylus cobbe Indian Allophylus Erra avalu 5. Anisomeles malabarica Malabar Catmint Mahaveera 6. Breynia vitis-ideaea Phyllanthaceae Erra-balli 7. Bridelia montana Pantangi, Panchavoni 8. Calotropis gigantea Crown Flower Jilledu 9. Calycopteris floribunda Paper flower climber Bonta teega, Adavi jama, Pottengi 10. Carissa carandas Karanda Kalivi 11. Carissa spinarum Wild Karanda Vaka 12. Cassia surattensis Scrambled Egg Tree Metta tangedu 13. Cipadessa baccifera Ranabili Chedu Bira 14. Cissus quadrangularis Devil's Backbone Gudametige 15. Cleistanthus collinus Garari Kodisha 16. Clerodendron Arni Tekkali, Nelli

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S.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name phlomidis 17. Dichrostachys cinerea Sickle Bush Velthuru 18. Dodonaea viscosa Hop Bush Puli-vailu, Bandam 19. Drypetes sepiaria Wild Caper Bush Bira 20. Erythroxylum Red Cedar Deva Dharu, Pagadamu chettu monogynum 21. Euphorbia antiquorum Square Milk Hedge Bomma Jemmudu 22. Euphorbia nivulia Leafy Milk Hedge Jemmudu 23. Euphorbia tirucalli Round Milk Hedge Manchi Jemmudu 24. Gardenia gummifera Cambi gum tree, Bikki 25. Gymnosporia spinosa Bharati Danti 26. Holarrhena pubescens Indrajao Tedla pala 27. Hugonia mystax Tomentose Pisangi, Kakibira, 28. Jatropha curcas Physic Nut Nepalamu 29. Lawsonia inermis Henna Gorintaku 30. Maytenus emarginatus Notched Leaf Soapnut Kukudu-kayalu 31. Mimosa intsia Twisted Acacia Konda-korinta 32. Phyllanthus reticulatus Black honey shrub Pulsare 33. Randia dumetorum Mountain Pomegranate Manga chettu 34. Rhus mysorensis Mysore sumac Sith-sundari 35. Scutia myrtina Cat thorn Pariki 36. Senna auriculata Tanner's Cassia Tagedu 37. Woodfordia fruticosa Red Bell Bush Jargi, Seringi, Jaji c) Climbers Climbers encountered during the survey are given in the below Table 3-31

Table 3-31Climbers present in the study area S.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name 1. Ampelocissus latifolia Wild grape Bedasatiga, Bedalatiga 2. Argyreia nervosa Elephant creeper Samudrapala 3. Bauhinia vahlii Maloo creeper Madapu 4. Cissus quadrangularis Veldt grape Gudametige 5. Cucumis melo Melon Mulam pandu 6. Ichnocarpus frutescens Black creeper Karampala

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S.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name 7. Ipomoea pes-carpae Goat's foot creeper Chevulapilli theege 8. Ipomoea sepiaria Purple heart glory Mettatuti 9. Merremia hederacea Ivy woodrose Kalasa 10. Pentatropis capensis Ambarvel Chekurtitiwa 11. Pergularia daemia Pergularia Jittupaku, Dushtupatige 12. Rivea hypocrateriformis Midnapore creeper Nirubodi 13. Tinospora cordifolia Giloy Tippatiga, Somida 14. Toddalia asiatica var Wild orange tree Kondakasinda floribunda 15. Trichosanthes cuspidat Snake gourd Avaduta 16. Tylophora indica Indian ipecac Mekkanatinnana aku d) Herbs The herbaceous vegetation observed in the study area are given belowTable 3-32

Table 3-32Herbs recorded in the study area S.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name 1. Acalypha alnifolia Alder Leaved Cat Tail Chiru kuppinta 2. Adenostemma lavenia Sticky Daisy Jangli-jira 3. Aerva lanata Mountain knot grass Pindi konda 4. Alternanthera sessilis Sessile Joyweed Ponna Ganti kura 5. Argemone Mexicana Mexican Prickly Poppy Brahmadandi 6. Barleria cristata Striped Philippine Violet Tellanilambari 7. Bidens pilosa Beggar tick Phutium 8. Cassia tora Stinking cassia Tantepu 9. Cleome viscosa Asian spider flower Kukka-vaminta 10. Corchorus aestuans East Indian mallow Nela Bera 11. Emilla sonchifolia Purple Sow Thistle mayarcevi 12. Euphorbia prostrata Prostrate Sandmat Rongoalathi 13. Grangea maderaspatana Madras Carpet Mastaru 14. Gynura crepidioides Thickhead Tera paibi 15. Heliotropium indicum Indian Heliotrope Nagadanthi 16. Hybanthus enneaspermus Spade flower Ratna Purusha 17. Parthenium hysterophorus, Carrot Grass Chandani 18. Sida cordifolia Heart leaf sida Chiru Benda

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S.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name 19. Triumfetta rhomboidea Burr bush Dekki 20. Vernonia cinerea Little iron weed Sahadevi 21. Waltheria indica Sleepy morning Nalla Benda e) Aquatic Plants The aquatic plants observed in the study area are given in Table 3-33.

Table 3-33 Aquatic plants in the study area S.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name 1. Eichornia crassipes Water hyacinth Budaga tamara 2. Hydrilla verticillata Water thyme valakada 3. Nymphaea nouchali Blue water lily Neelambal 4. Nymphaea pubescens Pink water lily Thamara 5. Pistia stratiotes Water lettuce Neeru veniki 3.11.3 Fauna a) Mammals The various wild mammalian species observed in the study area are given in Table 3-34

Table 3-34Mammals recorded in the study area S.No Zoological name English name Vernacular name 1. Lepus nigricollis Black-naped Hare Kundelu 2. Felis chaus Jungle cat Adavi pilli 3. Funambulus palmarum Three-striped palm Uduta squirrel 4. Herpestes javanicus Asian Small Mongoose Mungisa 5. Hystrix indica Indian Porcupine Mullapandi 6. Manis crassicaudata Indian Pangolin Nela Chepa 7. Rattus rattus Common rat Eluka 8. Vulpes bengalensis Indian Fox Nakka b) Birds Various species of birds observed in the study area are given in Table 3-35

Table 3-35Birds recorded in the study area S.No Scientific Name English name Vernacular name 1. Bubo nipalensis Forest Eagle Owl Gudlaguva 2. Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Egret

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S.No Scientific Name English name Vernacular name 3. Psittacula krameri Rose-ringed Parakeet Ramachiluka 4. Alcedo coerulescens Small Blue Kingfisher Lakumuki 5. Columba livia Blue Rock Pigeon Nalla Pavuram 6. Corvus splendens House Crow Kaki 7. Coturnix coturnix Common Quail Gogari yellichi 8. Cuculus micropterus Indian Cuckoo Koyila 9. Dinopium benghalense Golden-backed Woodpecker Vadrangi pitta 10. Egretta garzetta Little Egret Chinna tella konga 11. Merops orientalis Green Bee-eater Chinna passeriki 12. Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Indian Cormorant Neeti kaki 13. Psittacula eupatria Alexandrine Parakeet Pedda chiluka 14. Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul Pigli-pitta 15. Pycnonotus jocosus Red-whiskered Bulbul Turaka-pigli-pitta c) Reptiles Various species of reptiles observed in the study area are given in the Table 3-36.

Table 3-36 Reptiles recorded in the study area S.No Scientific name Common Name Vernacular name 1. Ahaetulla mycterizans Common Green Whip Snake Jerripothu 2. Bungarus caeruleus Common Indian Krait Katla pamu 3. Calotes versicolor Oriental Garden Lizard Tonda 4. Calotes versicolor Common garden lizard Tonda 5. Chamaeleo zeylanicus Indian Chameleon Usaravilli 6. Hemidactylus brookii Spotted Indian House Gecko Nallikeechu 7. Hemidactylus flaviviridis House Gecko Balli 8. Ptyas mucosus Common rat snake Jerripothu 9. Varanus bengalensis Common Indian monitor Udumu d) Amphibians Various species of amphibians observed in the study area are given inTable 3-37

Table 3-37 Amphibians recorded in the study area S.No Scientific Name English name Vernacular name 1 Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Skipper frog Chettukappa 2 Euphlyctis hexadactylus Indian green frog Godrukappa

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3 Fejervarya kudremukhensis Cricket frog Kappa 4 Hoplobatrachus crassus Jerdon's bullfrog Kappa 5 Rana temporaria Common frog Kappa 6 Sphaerotheca breviceps Indian burrowing frog Kappa e) Insects Various species of insects observed in the study area are given in the Table 3-38

Table 3-38 Insects recorded in the study area S.No Scientific Name English name Vernacular name 1. Ceratogomphus pictus Dragon fly Tuniga 2. Coccinella magnifica Ladybird beetle Arudra purugu 3. Danaus chrysippus Plain tiger Pulli 4. Euploea core Common indian crow Kaki 5. Eurythyrea austriaca Jewel beetle Boddenka 6. Monomorium floricula Flower ant Puspam chima 7. Oecophylla smaragdina Weaver ant Neta cimala 8. Panagaeus cruxmajor Ground beetle Pedapurugu 9. Papilio demoleus Lime butterfly Akuchilaka 10. Paratrechina longicornis Longhorn crazy ant Gandru chima 11. Phalanta phalanta Common leopard Chirutha 12. Pieris rapae Cabbage Butterfly Cabbage seethakokachilaka 13. Solenopis invicta Fire ant -- 14. Tetra morium guineense Guinea ant Giniya cimala 3.12 Socio-Economic Profile YSR Kadapa district is the south eastern district of Andhra Pradesh and lies on the southern Deccan plateau, popularly referred to as the Rayalaseema. It is bounded on the north by Kurnool, East by Nellore, South by Chittoor and West by Anantapur districts. The area of the district is 15,359 Sq. Kms. The population of the district is 28, 82,469 comprises of male population is 14, 51,777 and female population is 14,30,692. 3.12.1 Regional Socioeconomic Profile (District) Regional Social economic profile is given in Table 3-39.

Table 3-39 Regional Socio Economic Profile

S.No Indicators 2011

Page 118 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Indicators 2011

1 Rural Urban Ratio 33.97% Urban 2 Households 706204 3 Population 2882469 4 Males 1451777 5 Females 1430692 6 Children 331586 7 Scheduled Caste 16.16 8 Scheduled Tribes 2.63 9 Literates 1716766 10 Literacy Rate 67.30 11 Working Population 1320404 12 Main Workers 1079903 13 Agriculture Workers 398305 14 Population Density/Sq. km 188 15 Population Growth Rate 10.79 16 Sex Ratio 985 17 Child Sex Ratio 918 18 Crude Death Rates 19.2 19 Infant Mortality Rate 38 20 Maternal mortality rate 85 21 Total Fertility Rate 1.8 Source: Census 2011 & Planning Department GoAP

3.12.2 Economic Environment The following Table 3-40 shows District Per Capita Income based on NDDP at Current Prices Basic Prices.

Table 3-40 District Per Capital Income based on NDDP District/State 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

Kadapa 57317 59558 70299 82734 Andhra Pradesh 68866 74639 84579 95689

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, AP

Page 119 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

3.12.3 Socio Economic Profile of the Study Area The project area of 10 Km radius has the population of 5,07,494. The Kadapa city comes under the project area. The project area is more urbane as 72.71% of the population is in the urban area.Table 3-41 shows the village and its population in 5 Km radius and 10 Km radius.

Table 3-41 Socioeconomic details of the study area es Mandal Name Mandal Village and Name Total Household Total Population Scheduled Cast Scheduled Tribe General Category Villages within 5 Km radius Kamalapuram Vankamada 0 0 0 0 0 Vallur Ambavaram 941 3581 468 25 3088 Gotur 283 1110 297 0 813 Jangampalle 39 157 0 0 157 Kodandaramapuram 0 0 0 0 0 Koppolu 450 1711 636 0 1075 Lebaka 1031 3927 832 72 3023 Obana Somayajulapalle 0 0 0 0 Paidikalva 724 2551 188 4 2359 Thollaganganapalle 303 1153 446 0 707 Yadavapuram 0 0 0 0 0 Chennur Dugganapalle 155 589 187 0 402 Gurrampadu 389 1498 486 0 1012 Mundlapalle 293 1140 321 2 817 Rachinnayapalle 194 772 221 0 551 Ramanapalle 875 3107 723 0 2384 Chinthakommadinne Apparajupalle 119 462 0 0 462 Balupalle 103 443 0 0 443

Page 120 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh es Mandal Name Mandal Village and Name Total Household Total Population Scheduled Cast Scheduled Tribe General Category Cherlopalle 0 0 0 0 0 Chinthakommadinne 2203 8661 1061 47 7553 Kammavaripalle 373 1473 230 0 1243 Kopparthi 851 3250 543 7 2700 Pabbapuram 267 1044 388 2 654 Papasahebpet 148 513 26 0 487 Thadigotla 699 2815 712 15 2088 K.Ramachandrapura m 9 37 0 0 37 Pendlimarri Chabali 110 407 170 0 237 Eguva Palle 119 420 8 13 399 Ganganapalle 751 3018 575 59 2384 Konayapalle 49 179 0 0 179 Kothapeta 88 361 0 0 361 Machanur 602 2359 512 4 1843 Moillakalava 432 1855 453 79 1323 Sangatipalle 286 1233 320 0 913 Thippireddipalle 810 3351 375 28 2948 Rampathadu 404 1603 109 0 1494 Total 14100 54780 10287 357 44136 Villages within 5-10 Km radius Kadapa Kadapa 83465 369031 44856 9104 315071 Kamalapuram Chinnachepalle 1027 4046 641 62 3343 Dadireddipalle 145 578 0 0 578 Kamalapuram 4687 20623 4994 339 15290 Letapalle 219 870 187 10 673 Peddacheppalle 1354 5368 1312 6 4050 Yellareddipalle 363 1377 258 0 1119

Page 121 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh es Mandal Name Mandal Village and Name Total Household Total Population Scheduled Cast Scheduled Tribe General Category Vallur Ankayapalle 0 0 0 0 0 Chinnaputha 127 463 138 0 325 Isukapalle 52 208 0 0 208 Kotluru 1054 3798 520 8 3270 Kumarunipalle 121 436 223 0 213 Peddaputha 320 1218 413 4 801 Putha Chinnayapalle 71 340 2 6 332 Tappetla 456 1844 537 11 1296 Vallur 1516 5776 1915 98 3763 Venkatesapuram 163 600 288 0 312 Chennur Chennur 3967 16126 2992 434 12700 Kokkarayapalle 279 1122 326 0 796 Nazeerbegpalle 268 1025 430 8 587 Sivalapalle 291 1149 383 0 766 Upparapalle 386 1525 387 16 1122 Chinthakommadinne Boggalapalle 474 1826 945 0 881 Buggaletipalle 130 527 8 6 513 Jamal Palle 439 1677 206 11 1460 Kolumulapalle 724 3013 26 361 2626 Peddakampalle 121 490 40 16 434 Rudrayagaripalle 0 0 0 0 0 Pendlimarri A.Ramachandrapura m 0 0 0 0 0 Binduraopalle 0 0 0 0 0 Chinna Dasaripalle 57 273 8 13 252 Kothagiriapalle 174 732 0 35 697 Pagadalapalle 123 438 0 0 438

Page 122 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh es Mandal Name Mandal Village and Name Total Household Total Population Scheduled Cast Scheduled Tribe General Category Pedda Dasaripalle 0 0 0 0 0 Pendlimarri 857 3564 417 27 3120 Vellatur 624 2651 339 64 2248 Total 104054 452714 62791 10639 379284 Source: Census 2011 a) Projected Populationwithin the Study Area The followingTable 3-42 shows the projected population of the 5 Km radius and 5 to 10 km radius of the project area to the current year. It was calculated based on the decadal growth rate of the district. There would be a spurt in the population once the industrialization takes in full swing. The ratio of population of different social group categories of the project area is similar to that of the district which is shown inFigure 3-32. The male and female ratio of the project area and the district is same, given in Table 3-43

Table 3-42 Projected Population of the Project Area Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Within 5 Km 14100 14252 14406 14561 14718 14877 5 Km to 10 Km 104054 105177 106312 107459 108618 109790 Source: Census 2011

Source: Census 2011

Figure 3-32Social class - District Vs Project area (%) Page 123 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Table 3-43 Male and female ratio of the project area Area Male Female District 50.37 49.63 Project area 50.27 49.73 b) Child Populationwithin the Study Area Of the total population of the study area is given inTable 3-44, Child population has 11.45%. The girl child population is 47.91%.

Table 3-44 Total Child Population of the study area Mandal Name/ Village Child Population Male Female Name Total Within 5 Km Ambavaram 412 213 199 Gotur 122 62 60 Jangampalle 18 12 6 Koppolu 172 93 79 Lebaka 418 223 195 Paidikalva 329 176 153 Thollaganganapalle 138 79 59 Chennur Dugganapalle 63 33 30 Gurrampadu 138 69 69 Mundlapalle 135 74 61 Rachinnayapalle 72 33 39 Ramanapalle (Part) 317 143 174 Chinthakommadinne Apparajupalle 51 31 20 Balupalle 59 30 29 Chinthakommadinne (Part) 1114 553 561 K.Ramachandrapuram 3 2 1 Kammavaripalle 189 97 92 Kopparthi 349 164 185 Pabbapuram 167 83 84 Papasahebpet 63 34 29 Thadigotla 290 148 142 Pendlimarri Chabali 41 21 20 Eguva Palle 28 11 17 Ganganapalle 398 209 189 Konayapalle 26 13 13 Kothapeta 56 25 31 Machanur 262 140 122 Moillakalava 209 106 103 Rampathadu 167 87 80 Sangatipalle 134 75 59 Thippireddipalle 418 215 203 Page 124 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Mandal Name/ Village Child Population Male Female Name Total Total 6358 3254 3104 5Km to 10 Km Chinnachepalle 396 221 175 Dadireddipalle 62 32 30 Kamalapuram 2324 1194 1130 Letapalle 86 45 41 Peddacheppalle 602 342 260 Yellareddipalle 149 75 74 Vallur Chinnaputha 34 18 16 Isukapalle 23 14 9 Kotluru 409 218 191 Kumarunipalle 34 13 21 Peddaputha 142 75 67 Putha Chinnayapalle 34 17 17 Tappetla 171 90 81 Vallur 610 317 293 Venkatesapuram 79 40 39 Chennur Chennur 1880 953 927 Kokkarayapalle 109 48 61 Nazeerbegpalle 119 53 66 Sivalapalle 129 61 68 Upparapalle 203 104 99 Chinthakommadinne Boggalapalle 244 128 116 Buggaletipalle 55 31 24 Jamal Palle 199 107 92 Kolumulapalle 427 213 214 Peddakampalle 50 31 19 Pendlimarri Chinna Dasaripalle 29 14 15 Kothagiriapalle 81 39 42 Pagadalapalle 56 30 26 Pendlimarri 408 221 187 Vellatur 314 180 134 Kadapa Kadapa 42337 22112 20225 Total 51795 27036 24759 Source: Census 2011 c) Occupationwithin the Study Area Agriculture is the main occupation of the district. Nearly 60% (59.53%) of workers are involved in the agriculture and allied occupation. Of the total farmers, 22% of farmers belong to marginal farmers and 33% belong to a small farmer category. Only 30-35% of the area covered by irrigation and remaining area is under rainfed. The major irrigation project is KC Page 125 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Canal and the medium irrigation projects are Mylavaram, Upper and Lower Sagileru, Pincha etc.The principal crops can be classified as cereals, pulses, oilseeds and other crops. Of which under cereals rice, jowar and ragi are the prominent crops of the district. Bengal gram, red gram and green gram are the prominent pulses, groundnut, castor and sun flower are the prominent oil seeds of the district. Cotton, chillies and turmeric are the prominent other crops. The project area has 32.99% of the working population involved in agriculture activities (cultivators and Agriculture labor), but the district has 57.04% of workers are cultivators and agricultural labors. The project area has more ‘other workers’ due to the urban nature of Kadapa city and access to the nonagricultural activities. Workers group distribution in the study area is given in Table 3-45.

Page 126 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Table 3-45 Workers group distribution in the study area

Mandal Name/ Village Total Main Marginal Agriculture Household Industries Other Name Workers Workers Workers Main Main Marginal Marginal Main Marginal Main Main Cultivators Agri. cultivators Agri.labours Labours Within 5 Km

Vallur Ambavaram 1972 1917 55 350 1164 5 43 25 1 378 6 Gotur 653 647 6 68 513 0 1 1 3 65 2 Jangampalle 103 94 9 12 71 0 8 0 0 11 1 Koppolu 818 813 5 203 470 0 4 1 0 139 1

Lebaka 1988 1805 183 410 874 27 92 223 7 298 57 Paidikalva 1143 550 593 78 367 51 481 1 7 104 54 Thollaganganapalle 620 593 27 89 488 2 22 0 0 16 3 Chennur Dugganapalle 432 359 73 20 275 5 24 4 0 60 44 Gurrampadu 671 592 79 150 325 3 73 1 1 116 2 Mundlapalle 631 608 23 94 367 4 13 25 2 122 4 Rachinnayapalle 471 421 50 111 229 0 46 26 0 55 4 Ramanapalle (Part) 1580 1110 470 118 477 11 323 83 15 432 121 Chinthakommadinne Apparajupalle 318 311 7 53 188 0 3 0 0 70 4 Balupalle 195 166 29 77 40 8 19 0 0 49 2 Chinthakommadinne 4422 3949 473 483 2044 61 361 181 23 1241 28 K.Ramachandrapuram 23 19 4 0 18 0 4 0 0 1 0

Page 127 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Kammavaripalle 803 747 56 214 448 3 51 20 1 65 1 Kopparthi 1635 1386 249 136 659 3 202 15 6 576 38 Pabbapuram 586 536 50 14 444 3 42 1 0 77 5 Papasahebpet 297 217 80 47 114 0 70 7 3 49 7 Thadigotla 1450 1186 264 87 184 1 180 161 22 754 61 Pendlimarri Chabali 258 114 144 91 3 0 119 7 13 13 12 Eguva Palle 207 180 27 46 127 12 14 0 0 7 1 Ganganapalle 1664 1445 219 202 988 110 88 5 1 250 20 Konayapalle 111 111 0 9 95 0 0 0 0 7 0 Kothapeta 226 224 2 104 118 0 2 0 0 2 0 Machanur 1194 674 520 219 373 154 313 26 17 56 36 Moillakalava 965 900 65 180 555 2 58 4 2 161 3 Rampathadu 851 536 315 377 74 8 293 1 0 84 14 Sangatipalle 673 485 188 184 249 78 102 2 0 50 8 Thippireddipalle 1983 1723 260 449 1134 68 175 14 2 126 15 TOTAL 28943 24418 4525 4675 13475 619 3226 834 126 5434 554 5Km to 10 Km Kamalapuram 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chinnachepalle 2135 1973 162 333 1248 7 90 55 3 337 62 Dadireddipalle 211 199 12 20 164 2 9 3 0 12 1 Kamalapuram 9317 8079 1238 688 2726 110 561 1131 138 3534 429 Letapalle 618 617 1 43 548 0 0 13 1 13 0 Peddacheppalle 2877 2740 137 212 1941 6 83 61 5 526 43 Yellareddipalle 729 716 13 142 447 3 5 1 0 126 5 Vallur Chinnaputha 257 62 195 19 22 29 142 6 6 15 18

Page 128 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Isukapalle 71 43 28 32 10 5 15 1 2 0 6 Kotluru 2108 1897 211 325 1392 5 28 26 0 154 178 Kumarunipalle 250 246 4 105 114 2 2 2 0 25 0 Peddaputha 750 408 342 136 218 0 328 0 0 54 14 Putha Chinnayapalle 132 51 81 14 2 1 16 1 3 34 61 Tappetla 838 799 39 342 377 21 4 1 0 79 14 Vallur 2716 1946 770 403 844 22 638 52 25 647 85 Venkatesapuram 324 323 1 6 296 0 1 0 0 21 0 Chennur Chennur 6810 5797 1013 481 2864 41 708 173 37 2279 227 Kokkarayapalle 543 528 15 34 429 0 13 2 1 63 1 Nazeerbegpalle 499 453 46 13 327 1 37 6 1 107 7 Sivalapalle 640 626 14 89 494 3 9 2 0 41 2 Upparapalle 806 801 5 136 603 0 4 6 1 56 0 Chinthakommadinne Boggalapalle 976 965 11 107 717 0 6 3 0 138 5 Buggaletipalle 238 236 2 5 225 0 2 0 0 6 0 Jamal Palle 888 847 41 44 25 0 28 4 0 774 13 Kolumulapalle 1339 1305 34 108 1005 2 14 5 0 187 18 Peddakampalle 253 192 61 32 95 0 61 2 0 63 0 Pendlimarri Chinna Dasaripalle 168 167 1 0 163 0 1 1 0 3 0 Kothagiriapalle 460 454 6 316 114 0 1 0 0 24 5 Pagadalapalle 281 280 1 48 201 0 0 0 0 31 1 Pendlimarri 1940 1513 427 282 853 23 339 97 2 281 63 Vellatur 1645 1371 274 356 763 10 216 19 2 233 46 Kadapa

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Kadapa 130574 110545 20029 3410 10632 523 3046 3323 1274 93180 15186 TOTAL 171393 146179 25214 8281 29859 816 6407 4996 1501 103043 16490 Source: Census 2011

Page 130 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh d) Animal Husbandry within the District Cattle rearing are a supplementary livelihood for the marginal and small farmers. The buffaloes outnumber the cattle populations due to the milk yield, tolerant to the hot climate, maintenance etc. The cattle populations within the district is given in Table 3-46.

Table 3-46 Animal Populationwithin the district Total Bovine Cattle Buffaloes 606074 139141 466933 Source: 19th Livestock Census 2012 e) Industries within the district There are many Cement, Power and other industries in the district. Kadapa Yerraguntla. Pulivendula, Proddatur Industrial estates are very close to the proposed Industrial estate. Baarathi Cements, Zuari Cements, India cements are reputed industries in the area. List of Industries are given inTable 3-47.

Table 3-47List of Industries in the study area S.No. Name of the Industry Activity 1 ABK Publications Ltd., Kadapa News Paper Printing Cuddapah Spinning Mills Ltd Koparthi(P), Cotton yarn 2 Yerramasupalli(V) 3 Balaji Bio-mass Power (P) Ltd, Chennur (V&M) Power generation 4 Jagati Publications ,Tadigotla News Paper Printing 5 RayalaseemaSpinners IE., Kadapa Cotton yarn IBC Limited Sy.No.1461, Ganganapalli (V), Iron ore mining 6 Pendlimarri (M). f) Health Facilities within the study area The health facility is available in the project area as Kadapa is the part of the project area. The ambulance service and vehicular services are available for emergency. The following

Table 3-48 shows the number of health facilities in the project area.Apart from these, there is a District Hospital provides multi specialized health services in Kadapa town. Also, many Private hospitals and practitioners are available. There is no infectious disease in the project area. The people have adopted the institutional delivery system. The Maternal Mortality Rate and Infant Mortality rate have reduced significantly due to the availability of health care facility in rural area, skilled manpower, economic factor, education and awareness

Page 131 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Table 3-48 Health Facilities in the Project Area Primary Health Centers Sub Centres under PHC Vallur 6 Chennur 8 Akkayappalli 20 Pendlimarri 4 CK Dinne 10 Source: National Rural Health Mission 2012-13 g) Sanitation Facilities & Drinking water facilities Tap water is the main source of drinking water. The people are aware of the importance of purified water. NTR Sujala Pathakam drinking water scheme is being implemented in the rural areas. In the case of Sanitation, access to the toilets is very low. Once the area is industrialized fully, due to the migrants and local population growth, the sanitation situation will go from bad to worse. The upcoming industries are expected to partake in the sanitation infrastructure development as social and environmental responsibility. Village wise sanitation & drinking water facilities within the study area are given in Table 3-49.

Table 3-49 Village wise sanitation & drinking water facilities within the study area Area Name Main Source of Drinking Water Toile Tapw Tapw Cov Un- Handp Tubew Spring Riv Tan t ater ater ered cove ump ell/Bor er/ k/ Other Facil from from well red ehole Can Pon sour ity treat un- well al d/ ces ed treat Lak sour ed e ce sour ce Within 5 Km Ambavaram 36.9 62.1 0 0 0.1 0.7 0.1 0 0 0.1 28.3 Apparajupalle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.7 Balupalle 99.1 0.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7 Chabali 0 90.6 0 0 0 9.4 0 0 0 0 17.3 Chennur 92.9 6.9 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 58.4 Chinthakommadinn e (Part) 61.6 35.8 0 0 2.7 0 0 0 0 0 25.5 Eguva Palle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31.9 Ganganapalle 78.8 18.3 0 0 0.1 2.8 0 0 0 0 6.8 Gotur 94.1 0 0 0 4.4 1.1 0 0 0 0.4 11.8

Page 132 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Area Name Main Source of Drinking Water Toile Tapw Tapw Cov Un- Handp Tubew Spring Riv Tan t ater ater ered cove ump ell/Bor er/ k/ Other Facil from from well red ehole Can Pon sour ity treat un- well al d/ ces ed treat Lak sour ed e ce sour ce Gurrampadu 99.7 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29.6 Jangampalle 56.8 38.6 0 0 4.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 K.Ramachandrapur am 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kadapa (M Corp. + OG) (Part) 78 18.2 0 0 3.4 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 29.6 Kammavaripalle 58 41.7 0 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 0 2.4 Konayapalle 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kopparthi 67.6 0.6 0 0 10.7 21 0 0.1 0 0 24.7 Koppolu 71.3 0 0 0 0 16.2 0 12.5 0 0 7.2 Kothapeta 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lebaka 50.8 49.1 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 24.6 Machanur 78 21.6 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 11.1 Moillakalava 31.5 42.6 0 0 0 25.9 0 0 0 0 16.4 Mundlapalle 92.3 7.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 56.3 Pabbapuram 99.6 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3 Paidikalva 96.1 0.7 0 0 0 3.2 0 0 0 0 8.5 Papasahebpet 69.4 30.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12.7 Rachinnayapalle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12.6 Ramanapalle (Part) 99.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33.5 Rampathadu 75 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17.4 Sangatipalle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 Thadigotla 45.5 48.4 0 0 0.7 5.3 0.1 0 0 0 45.7 Thippireddipalle 46.6 31.2 0.6 0 0 21.3 0 0.1 0 0.2 10.2 Thollaganganapalle 99 0 0 0 0.7 0.3 0 0 0 0 37 5 Km to 10 Km Boggalapalle (Part) 8.2 91.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17.3 Buggaletipalle 0.7 99.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32.8 Chennur 92.9 6.9 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 58.4 Chinna Dasaripalle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7 Chinnachepalle 82.1 17 0.2 0 0.5 0 0.2 0 0 0.1 23.2 Chinnaputha 0 85.4 14.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17.1 Dadireddipalle 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16.4 Isukapalle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20.4

Page 133 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Area Name Main Source of Drinking Water Toile Tapw Tapw Cov Un- Handp Tubew Spring Riv Tan t ater ater ered cove ump ell/Bor er/ k/ Other Facil from from well red ehole Can Pon sour ity treat un- well al d/ ces ed treat Lak sour ed e ce sour ce Jamal Palle 91.8 1.6 0 0 5.7 0.9 0 0 0 0 32.1 57.1 Kadapa 80.60 13.87 0.17 0.03 2.57 2.40 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.23 3 Kamalapuram 90.9 8.1 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.1 57.3 Kokkarayapalle 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 49.4 Kolumulapalle 31.3 62.2 0.1 0.1 1.6 4.4 0 0 0 0.1 22.8 Kothagiriapalle 87.2 0 0.6 0 0 12.2 0 0 0 0 32.3 Kotluru 51.5 34 0.1 0.1 13.2 0.7 0 0 0.4 0 18.9 Kumarunipalle 99.2 0.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29.8 Letapalle 99.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25.6 Nazeerbegpalle 99.3 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39.7 Pagadalapalle 0 1.7 0 0 0 97.5 0 0 0 0.8 7.5 Peddacheppalle 93.2 3.1 0.2 0 3.4 0 0 0 0 0 28 Peddakampalle 0 99.2 0 0 0 0.8 0 0 0 0 19.8 Peddaputha 47.7 52.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34.8 Pendlimarri 26.4 53.6 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 6.1 Putha Chinnayapalle 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36.6 Sivalapalle 55.7 44 0 0 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 17.9 Tappetla 70.4 29.3 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31.6 Upparapalle 97.1 2.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28.9 Vallur 67.2 32.1 0.1 0 0 0.1 0.1 0 0 0.4 20.9 Vellatur 73.8 26.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33.7 Venkatesapuram 98.8 1.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.8 Yellareddipalle 68.8 18.7 0 0 12.5 0 0 0 0 0 18.7 Source: Census 2011 h) Education facilities The project area has a good number of educational institutions and well connected by road services.The available education infrastructure is given in Table 3-50.The dropout rate is falling over the period due to the accessibility of schools and awareness of the importance of education. The dropout rate of the district is 9.88 (Source: DISE: 2013-14 for primary level).The primary schools need some basic facilities, educational materials for imparting

Page 134 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh quality education for rural children to compete with their urban counterparts. The upcoming industries could provide them as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility and to win the confidence in the area.The area has a good number of higher education intuitions like Arts and Science Colleges, Engineering Colleges and other technical and Health Institutions. The students have to be provided quality skill development for getting employment opportunities in upcoming industries.

Table 3-50 Education Infrastructure Within the Study Area Type of Schools Kadapa Corporation 5 Km 10 Km +OG Government Primary School 133 99 135 Private Primary School 113 2 1 Government Middle School 55 15 26 Private Middle School 88 1 2 Government Secondary School 27 5 15 Private Secondary School 88 0 10 Government Senior Secondary School 2 0 6 Private Senior Secondary School 22 0 1 i) Literacy Details within Study Area The literacy rate of people within 5 Km radius is 63.39%, but the literacy rate of the study area between 5km to 10 km is 78.17% which better than distract average (67.30%). Literacy details within the study area are given inTable 3-51.

Table 3-51Literacy details within the study area Mandal Name/ Village Total Name Literates Male Female % Within 5 Km Vallur Ambavaram 1972 1200 772 62.23 Gotur 653 409 244 66.09 Jangampalle 52 24 28 37.41 Koppolu 938 569 369 60.95 Lebaka 2155 1291 864 61.41 Paidikalva 1330 780 550 59.86

Page 135 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Thollaganganapalle 624 360 264 61.48 Chennur Dugganapalle 347 218 129 65.97 Gurrampadu 851 513 338 62.57 Mundlapalle 663 393 270 65.97 Rachinnayapalle 471 270 201 67.29 Ramanapalle (Part) 1706 987 719 61.15 Chinthakommadinne Apparajupalle 245 165 80 59.61 Balupalle 258 171 87 67.19 Chinthakommadinne 5226 3163 2063 69.25 K.Ramachandrapuram 17 10 7 50.00 Kammavaripalle 775 452 323 60.36 Kopparthi 1811 1090 721 62.43 Pabbapuram 485 301 184 55.30 Papasahebpet 240 156 84 53.33 Thadigotla 1703 1008 695 67.45 Pendlimarri Chabali 196 117 79 53.55 Eguva Palle 273 160 113 69.64 Ganganapalle 1734 1018 716 66.18 Konayapalle 77 51 26 50.33 Kothapeta 203 114 89 66.56 Machanur 1314 833 481 62.66 Moillakalava 1087 640 447 66.04 Rampathadu 967 586 381 67.34 Sangatipalle 681 422 259 61.97 Thippireddipalle 1643 1002 641 56.02 Total 30697 18473 12224 63.39 5Km to 10 Km Chinnachepalle 2544 1463 1081 69.70 Dadireddipalle 360 218 142 69.77 Kamalapuram 12909 6944 5965 70.54 Letapalle 488 294 194 62.24 Peddacheppalle 3292 1932 1360 69.07

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Yellareddipalle 695 433 262 56.60 Vallur Chinnaputha 272 152 120 63.40 Isukapalle 127 72 55 68.65 Kotluru 2208 1323 885 65.15 Kumarunipalle 287 161 126 71.39 Peddaputha 754 427 327 70.07 Putha Chinnayapalle 221 135 86 72.22 Tappetla 1015 639 376 60.67 Vallur 3574 2119 1455 69.18 Venkatesapuram 323 198 125 62.00 Chennur Chennur 9828 5614 4214 68.99 Kokkarayapalle 671 389 282 66.24 Nazeerbegpalle 540 324 216 59.60 Sivalapalle 545 355 190 53.43 Upparapalle 802 494 308 60.67 Chinthakommadinne Boggalapalle 1140 632 508 72.06 Buggaletipalle 411 217 194 87.08 Jamal Palle 829 468 361 56.09 Kolumulapalle 1444 874 570 55.84 Peddakampalle 223 143 80 50.68 Pendlimarri Chinna Dasaripalle 115 72 43 47.13 Kothagiriapalle 364 238 126 55.91 Pagadalapalle 291 171 120 76.18 Pendlimarri 1831 1165 666 58.02 Vellatur 1657 953 704 70.90 Kadapa Kadapa 255364 139277 116087 78.17

Summary of socioeconomic indicators within the study area is given in Table 3-52.

Table 3-52 Summary of socioeconomic Indicators within the Study area S.No Particulars Study Area

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S.No Particulars Study Area 1 Number of villages in the Study Area 63 2 Total Households 118154 3 Total Population 507494 4 Children Population (<6 Years Old) 27863 5 SC Population 73078 6 ST Population 10996 7 Total Working Population 200333 8 Main Workers 170597 9 Marginal Workers 29739 10 Agricultural Workers 67358 11 Household Industries 7454 12 Other Workers 125521 13 Literates 305124 3.12.4 Interaction with Local Public/Key people Mr. Sudhaman, Panchayat President, Thollaganganapalli  Primary Schools are available and accessible to the students. The dropout rate is very low.  For higher classes they need to go to nearby locations at 5 Km distance. Kadapa is at 10 Km distance for higher and college education.  The Panchayat has implemented NTR Sujala Sravanthi project for drinking water.  The main occupation of the village is Agriculture and the principal crops are Paddy, Sunflower, Corn etc.  Agricultural labor is available. Modern agricultural implements are being used for agriculture activities.MGNREGA is being implemented for agriculture related and other local infrastructure developments like drainage system, desilting lake etc.  There are 18 Groups of female SHG operating in the village and involved in livelihood activities.  Buffaloes are being reared in large numbers for better yield of milk and being supplied to Cooperatives and local consumptions. Veterinary medical care is available.  No grazing land is available, so the fodder cost is the burden to the farmers.  The rate of girl children attending schools and higher studies is increasing.  Health Facility is available at reachable distances and ambulance service easily availed for emergency purposes.

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Thollaganganapalli Thollaganganapalli

Thollaganganapalli: Ms.G.S.Rani Supervisor/ANM  There are no major health issues in the area; normal fever, diarrhea etc are prevalent due to the seasonal variations.  The major achievement of health systems is adoption of institutional deliveries in the rural areas. It is due to the awareness of people, strenuous work of field staffs of health centers, transport facilities.  The Vaccination and other precautionary medical attention are being taken for new born babies and other children.  It is expected that the upcoming industries take initiates on health care awareness programs and providing health facilities to rural masses.  Nutrients and other food supplements are supplied to expectant mothers through Integrated Child Developments Services Scheme (Anganwadi). Ambavaram  There is one Middle School and two Anganwadis available in the village. For any higher classes, need to go Vallur at 7 Km. The rural road facility is available, but the proper transport system is not available. One Sub Centre available, but any major health issues, they need to go to Vallur.  The normal agriculture practice is being practiced. Paddy, Cotton, Ground nut are the major crops of the area.  The drinking water is supplied from Over Head Tank. The awareness of the importance of safe drinking is poor.  Skill development program is required, especially for women, as after completion of their secondary or college education they may be trained for upcoming job opportunities in nearby industries.  This village has given a large track of land to the project, but the socio economic profile are not encouraging. Pydakalva: Mr. Pradeep Reddy, President

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 Sunflower, Groundnut and Horticulture crops are the main crops in the village. The river is flowing at 2 Km distance, but the water is available for agriculture is only 2 months in a year. Organic farming is being practiced.  For primary education, the village has a middle School. But for the higher education they have to travel upto 7 kms. People find many difficulties in availing health facilities.  MGNREGA is being implemented for agriculture related and other local infrastructure developments like drainage system, concrete roads etc.

Pydakalva Kopparthy

Kopparthy : Mr.Janardhan Reddy  The main occupation is agriculture and other related activities. Paddy and Sunflower are the main crops.  Borewells are used for irrigation purpose.  Primary School is available, but for higher education, they need to go to Kadapa.  Cattle rearing are a supplementary occupation of households. The grazing land is not available in the village.  The land cost of the village has increased many folds due to the upcoming industrial estate nearby. The agricultural lands along the road are being kept vacant for converting as non- agriculture lands. Diguvapalli: Mr.K.Harikrishna Reddy, President,  The village has a primary and a High school. The road infrastructure is available for transportation.  In the case of health needs, they have to travel a long distance.  Water stored in Over Head Tank and the drinking water is supplied in addition to bore wells. The awareness of safe drinking water is poor.  The bore wells are the main source for agriculture. Cattle rearing are supplementary livelihood activity in village.  It is also an agricultural village with no other livelihood activities. Page 140 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Diguvapalli Rampadhadu

Yogi Vemanna University Veternery Centre, Kopparthy

Yerramaasupalle ICDS Koparth

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Primary School, Koparthy Primary School, Diguvapalli

Tadigudla

Urdu School, Vallur Primary Health Centre, Vallur

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Veterinary Dispensary, Mamillapalli Sub Centre, Ambavaram

Ambavaram Lake Ambavaram General Observations  The agriculture and its related activities are predominant livelihood activities in the project area and no other specific livelihood activities, except Kadapa urban area. Paddy, Cotton, Groundnut and Redgram are the main crops. The majority of farmers are marginal or small farmers due to the fragmentation of land holdings. The erratic rain and non- remunerative nature of agriculture have forced them as agricultural and non-agricultural labors.  The input cost, unavailability of agri labour at required time, marketing linkage etc. are the reasons for shifting from agricultural to non-agricultural occupation. The labors are getting better income in non agricultural activities and continuous employment, agri.labors are moving to other profession and migration to other places.  Cattle rearing are the supplementary occupation. Buffaloes are in large numbers than other cattle due to the higher milk yield and its resistance to the hot climate. There is a big issue of grazing land for cattle and ruminants.  Sanitation awareness and facilities are poor in the area.

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 The authorities in the surrounding villages need to have an aggressive planning and implementation of basic infrastructure facilities for coping up with future needs.  There is a welcome change in the attitude of women’s education as the education is given to girl children at par with their counterpart.  The rural youths should provide alternative livelihood by providing skill development and entrepreneurship development as the education gained by new generations and their attitudinal change towards agriculture.There is an expectation from the public that the local people should be provided employment from the upcoming industries.  The proponent and the industries can associate and promote the various Central Government and State Government projects/schemes for social and economic sustainability of the project area.

Page 144 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

CHAPTER-4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Page 145 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh 4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1 Impact Identification& Evaluation

Once identified, anticipated impacts are analyzed and evaluated based on available information. The method used for evaluating the overall importance of impacts is based on four fundamental criteria:  Nature (positive or negative, and direct or indirect);  Duration (temporary or permanent);  Area extent (regional, local, or isolated); and  Intensity (low, moderate, or high). These criteria enable the determination of the overall importance or significance (low, moderate, or strong negative/positive) of each impact identified. Even if a particular evaluation is merely based on a value judgment rather than quantitative data that is not available, the methodology enables the establishment of acceptable levels and defines necessary mitigation and monitoring measures to minimize or eliminate impacts. 4.1.1 Nature of impact The nature of the impact can be described as positive or negative. Positive impacts enhance the quality or facilitate access to baseline socioeconomic and environmental elements as described in the above chapter, while negative impacts degrade their quality or limit access. Impacts are also described as direct or indirect. A direct impact appears as an immediate result of a project activity, such as the damage to vegetation caused by the development of project land. An indirect impact arises from a project activity at the secondary level, such as the enhanced opportunities to for economic development enabled by the project. 4.1.2 Duration of impact The duration of an impact can be temporary or permanent. Careful attention has been made to distinguish between the duration and the source of the impact. For example, a source of impact of short duration (such as turbidity of river water caused by storm runoff from the construction site during construction) can exert an impact of permanent duration on the downstream environment (sedimentation of the riverbed). The presence and operation of the infrastructure works generally impose impacts of permanent duration. The duration of impact can be classified as below: Construction Phase: 2 – 3 years;

Page 146 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

The immediate community for the radius of 5 km will be affected. However the impact will be mainly as below:

a. Traffic Impacts: Caused by vehicular movements of men, materials and machineries.

b. Air quality impacts: Due to construction activities viz. dust and particulates

c. Water Quality impacts: Due to runoff during rainy time of construction materials.

Sewage generation and its disposal.

d. Noise Quality impacts: Caused by vehicular movements of men, materials and machineries.

4.1.3 Area extent of impact The aerial extent of an impact refers to its area of influence and can be regional, local, or isolated to a particularly small and well defined area. An impact of regional extent exerts an influence far beyond the surroundings of the project area. The local area of influence refers to the communities of the North and South west affected by the project. And lastly, an isolated impact is limited in extent to a small, readily defined area or experienced by a small number of individuals. 4.1.4 Intensity of impact The intensity of an impact concerns the scale or size of the impact on socioeconomic and environmental elements such as the productivity of natural habitat, a community, or the utilization of resources. Intensity is evaluated as low, moderate or high. Impacts are evaluated as a function of how they affect the overall integrity of elements and their vulnerability to degradation or loss in value.

4.2 Construction phase impacts

The impacts on Air, Noise, Water, Soil, and Ecology of the surrounding environment due to the activities carried out during the construction phase are discussed below; 4.2.1 Loss of vegetation and wildlife habitat During Construction there will be essentially entail the removal and loss of some, if not most, of the existing trees and underlying grassland at the project site, and the permanent erection of block and steel concrete structures associated within the project site new infrastructures. This

Page 147 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh would constitute a loss of alternative land use, an irreversible commitment of land resources, and thus a direct long-term impact. The site is not extensively or heavily vegetated prior to construction and did not support any significant ecological habitats or fauna. Therefore, the impacts from erecting the new buildings are considered to be not significant in terms of habitat loss. Impact mitigation is not required during the construction phase. Landscaping of the site, after building completion, will see the introduction of plants and trees that should offset any negative impacts associated with the removal and loss of existing trees at the project site. The numbers and types of vegetation to be introduced during the landscaping exercise are expected to be greater and more diverse than presently obtained, and these are expected to play a greater role in terms adding ecological value and attracting birds and other terrestrial fauna during the operational phase of the project, apart from being more pleasing aesthetically. 4.2.2 Impact on drainage pattern The overall topography of the project site will be radically changed by the erection of buildings and this will bring moderately significant change in the existing pattern of surface drainage. Mainly, the impact will arise from the creation of impermeable surfaces (roofs, pavements, etc.,) and the corresponding reduction in the amount percolation in the soil and capacity of the site to absorb rainfall. 4.2.3 Erosion of cleared area Vegetation clearance and excavation works related to construction will expose soils in the affected areas which could leave them vulnerable to erosion by surface run-off and create the threat of water turbidity and sediment deposition in drains & nearby rivers. The topography of the site and the pervious nature of the soils will cause erosive surface flows during the construction works before landscaping and drainage works reduce the susceptibility to soil erosion. Significant surface features such as gullies, streams or rivers in close proximity to the site that could be affected by soil erosion. 4.2.4 Impacts of Material Transportation The various materials required for construction (e.g. Steel, sand, Blocks, Lumber, Marl, Asphalt, etc.) will be obtained from sources elsewhere and transported to the site. Transportation of these materials, typically in over-laden and sometimes uncovered trucks, usually results in undue road wear-and-tear. In the case of fine earth materials, dusting and spillages occur on the roadways between source and site. Dusting degrades local air quality and material spillages worsen road driving conditions and increase the risk of road accidents. These occurrences

Page 148 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh represent indirect, short-term, reversible, negative impacts on public health and safety related to the project. 4.2.5 Ambient Air Quality Impacts During the construction phase the ambient air quality in and around the proposed project site will have marginal adverse impacts due to the various activities which are part of construction phase. The various activities includes during construction phase such as site preparation, approach roads, excavation, drilling, foundation, tunneling, deployment of machinery, erection, transportation, dumping will cause dust and gaseous emissions. The pollutant released during the construction activities may cause immediate effect on the construction workers. Table 4-1 provides the emission from various construction equipments and Figure 4-1 details the impact due to air environment.

Figure 4-1 Impact Network on Air Environment

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Table 4-1 Construction Equipments Emission Factor’s

Type of VOC CO NOX PM10 PM 2.5 SO2 CO2 Construction (g/hp- (g/hp- (g/hp- (g/hp- (g/hp- (g/hp- (g/hp- Equipment Hr) Hr) Hr) Hr) Hr) Hr) Hr) Water Truck 0.440 2.070 50490 0.410 0.400 0.740 536.000 Diesel Road 0.370 1.480 4.900 0.340 0.330 0.740 536.200 Compactors Diesel Dump Truck 0.440 2.070 5.490 0.410 0.400 0.740 536.000 Diesel Excavator 0.340 1.300 4.600 0.320 0.310 0.740 536.000 Diesel Trenchers 0.510 2.440 5.810 0.460 0.440 0.740 535.800 Diesel Bore/Drill Rigs 0.600 2.290 7.150 0.500 0.490 0.730 529.700 Diesel Cement &Mortar 0.610 2.320 7.280 0.480 0.470 0.730 529.700 Mixers Diesel Cranes 0.440 1.300 5.720 0.340 0.330 0.730 530.200 Diesel Graders 0.350 1.360 4.730 0.330 0.320 0.740 536.300 Diesel Tractors/ 1.850 8.210 7.220 1.370 1.330 0.950 691.100 Loaders/Backhoes Diesel Bull Dozers 0.360 1.380 4.760 0.330 0.320 0.740 536.300 Diesel Front End 0.380 1.550 5.000 0.350 0.340 0.740 536.200 Loaders Diesel Fork Lifts 1.980 75760 8.560 1.390 1.350 0.950 690.800 Diesel Generator Set 1.210 3.760 5.970 0.730 0.710 0.810 587.300

(Source: USEPA 2005 Emission Factors)

Temporary increase in air pollution will result from the use of construction equipments, portable lights, and fugitive dust. Due to the short duration of the Planned Action, any impacts on ambient air quality during construction activities are expected to be short term. 4.2.6 Noise Environment Foundation work will involve land excavation, affecting environment by noise. Structural work, deployment of machinery, approach of road construction and erection of roads will result in noise and vehicular traffic. Material handling and transportation would also lead to significant noise pollution. Continuous Exposure of workers to high sound levels may result in annoyance,

Page 150 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh fatigue. Albeit annoying, this negative impact will be short-term (limited to the duration of the road construction works) and is not considered to be a significant threat to the health or wellbeing of humans. Distance will help to ameliorate noises. The construction Equipment Noise Emission Levels is given below in Table 4-2.

Table 4-2 Noise Level Emission from Construction Equipments

Equipment Description Acoustical Actual Measured Number of Actual

Usage Factor Lmax @ 50 feet (dBA, Data Samples (%) slow) (Samples (Count) Averaged)

All Other Equipment > 5 HP 50 N/A 0

Auger Drill Rig 20 84 36

Backhoe 40 78 372

Bar Bender 20 N/A 0

Blasting N/A N/A 0

Boring Jack Power Unit 50 83 1

Chain Saw 20 84 46

Clam Shovel (dropping) 20 87 4

Compactor (ground) 20 83 57

Compressor (air) 40 78 18

Concrete Batch Plant 15 N/A 0

Concrete Mixer Truck 40 79 40

Concrete Pump Truck 20 81 30

Concrete Saw 20 90 55

Crane 16 81 405

Dozer 40 82 55

Drill Rig Truck 20 79 22

Drum Mixer 50 80 1

Dump Truck 40 76 31

Excavator 40 81 170

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Equipment Description Acoustical Actual Measured Number of Actual

Usage Factor Lmax @ 50 feet (dBA, Data Samples (%) slow) (Samples (Count) Averaged) Flat Bed Truck 40 74 4

Front End Loader 40 79 96

Generator 50 81 19

Generator (<25KVA, VMS 50 73 74 Signs)

Gradall 40 83 70

Grader 40 N/A 0

Grapple (on backhoe) 40 87 1

Horizontal Boring Hydraulic 25 82 6 Jack

Hydra Break Ram 10 N/A 0

Impact Pile Driver 20 101 11

Jackhammer 20 89 133

Man Lift 20 75 23

Mounted Impact Hammer 20 90 212 (hoe ram)

Pavement Scarifier 20 90 2

Paver 50 77 9

Pickup Truck 40 75 1

Pneumatic Tools 50 85 90

Pumps 50 81 17

Refrigerator Unit 100 73 3

Rivit Buster/Chipping Gun 20 79 19

Rock Drill 20 81 3

Roller 20 80 16

Sand Blasting (single 20 96 9

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Equipment Description Acoustical Actual Measured Number of Actual

Usage Factor Lmax @ 50 feet (dBA, Data Samples (%) slow) (Samples (Count) Averaged) nozzle)

Scraper 40 84 12

Sheers (on backhoe) 40 96 5

Slurry Plant 100 78 1

Slurry Trenching Machine 50 80 75

Soil Mix Drill Rig 50 N/A 0

Tractor 40 N/A 0

Vacuum Excavator (Vac- 40 85 149 Truck)

Vacuum Street Sweeper 10 82 19

Ventilation Fan 100 79 13

Vibrating Hopper 50 87 1

Vibratory Concrete Mixer 20 80 1

Vibratory Pile Driver 20 101 44

Warning Horn 5 83 12

Welder/Torch 40 74 5 (Source: Construction Noise handbook –US Department of Transportation)

A construction noise assessment for a major project is performed by comparing the predicted noise levels with criteria established for the type of project. The approach requires a descriptor, a standardized prediction method and set recognized criteria for assessing impact. The descriptor used for construction noise as the Leq. This unit appropriate for the following reasons.  It can be used to describe noise level from operation of each piece of equipment separately and is easy to combine to represent the noise level from all equipment operating during a given period.  It can be used to describe the average the noise level during entire phase.  It can be used to describe the average noise over all phases of the construction.

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4.2.7 Water Environment Construction phase requires large quantities of water to be used in various processing such as material preparation in equipment’s. Change in quality of water forms an important concern associated the project particularly during the construction phase. Earth works, crushing of stones, cutting and modification of the terrain, alteration of drainage systems and soil erosion are the major factors that affect the water quality during construction phase. During rainy season, the runoff water joining the water sources from nearby areas of the development sites will add more such debris and soil particles to enhance the level of suspended solids in the water bodies. This will adversely affect the fishes and other aquatic life forms apart from the human beings who are dependent on the surface water for their daily use.Figure 4-2 details the impact on water environment due to the project. Following are the most susceptible locations for contamination of water during construction:  Waterlogged areas have water in them during the period of construction. Land fill material may increase the turbidity of this water logged body and thereby may invite vector of disease.  Surface and ground water resources close to construction material storage yard, concrete mixer plants and maintenance sites of construction vehicles;  Leakage of lubricant or spill may cause water pollution of surface and ground water body.  Impact due to accidental spills or due to bad construction practice, will be short term and low in magnitude and confined to the construction period only.

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Figure 4-2 Flow Chart for Impact on Water Environment 4.2.8 Biological Environment Dust emissions from the construction activity will affect the plant and animal respiration activity. Construction activities change the natural environment. But it also creates a built environment for the surrounding. Emissions such as PM10, PM2.5, NOX, SOX from D.G sets and other vehicles may also cause respiration problem for the surrounding organisms. The extent of the pollution will be about 2km fromthe project area. 4.2.9 Socio Economic Environment

a) Positive Impacts . Income to the Equipment and Material suppliers  This project will promote the procurement of equipment’s and machineries for the various activities involved during the construction phase where it is technically and commercially feasible.  Procurement of material suppliers for various activities involved in the construction phase which will also promote the growth of the economy of the local material suppliers in and around the proposed Project site.

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. Employment Opportunities  Proposed project will create employment opportunities to the local peoples living around the Project Site and its nearest villages.  At this stage it is not possible to accurately determine the number of workers that will be employed on the site during the construction phase but it is estimated that this number would be between 600 persons throughout the construction phase. These levels of short-term employment opportunities would have a positive impact on the local economy and on regional unemployment.

b) Negative Impacts . OHS Risks to Construction Workers  During construction phase of the proposed project the employers are subject to Health and Safety Risks.  To eradicate the Health and Safety risks to the employers Personal Protective Equipment’s will be provided.  Ensuring good housekeeping and cleaning operations. . Sanitation Facilities  Proper on Site Sanitation facilities will be provided for the employers.  The wastewater generated during construction phase will be treated in the Proposed Septic Tank and Soak Pit.

4.3 Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase

Mitigation is the implementation of measures designed to reduce the undesirable effects of a proposed project on the environment. As companies and individuals all, we have an important role to play in protecting the environment, which is very sensitive to change and once damaged can take a long time to recover. For mitigation to be effective the following factors should be taken care of;  The measure proposed must be achievable within time, resources and capabilities  The mitigation measures must correspond to impacts  Funding must be adequate over the life of the activity  Preventive mitigation is usually cheapest and most effective. It must be done at design stage.

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Mitigation measures can be categorized with respect to construction and operation phase. For the mitigation of environmental impacts various environmental infrastructures have been proposed and are given in following sections. The mitigation measures on Air, Noise, Water, Soil, and Ecology of the surrounding environment due to the activities carried out during the construction phase are discussed below: 4.3.1 Mitigation for Loss of Vegetation and Wildlife Habitat Development of green belt during construction stage will see the introduction of plants and trees which will offset any negative impacts associated with the removal and loss of existing trees at the project site. The numbers and types of vegetation to be introduced during the landscaping exercise are expected to be greater and more diverse than presently obtained and these are expected to play a greater role in terms adding ecological value and attracting birds and other terrestrial fauna during the operational phase of the project, apart from being more pleasing aesthetically. 4.3.2 Mitigation for Modification of Drainage Pattern  Rainwater harvesting prevents the flooding of low-lying areas in the project premises, Rain Water Harvesting System is proposed throughout the Industrial park and the excess rain water will be diverted to the nearby tanks within the site after proper treatment.  If during excavation, water accumulates in the excavated areas, then it should be pumped out and disposed off either in the municipal storm water drain or into recharge soak pits of dry bore wells. 4.3.3 Mitigation for Erosion of Cleared Areas Non-structural measures mainly control the “vulnerability” component of flood risk, they include:  Spatial planning policy with a presumption against development or encroachment of economic activities onto flood plains.  Re-cover exposed soils with grass and other appropriate species as soon as possible.  Temporarily bund exposed soil and redirect flows from heavy runoff areas that threaten to erode or result in substantial surface runoff to adjacent marine waters  Monitor areas of exposed soil during periods of heavy rainfall throughout the construction phase of the project.

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 Building regulations to control the additional runoff from any development in the catchment outside the flood plain.  Regulations to control increases in vulnerability to flooding and of flood plain use.  Provision of effective warning systems with emergency response plans.  Public education in flood risk and encouragement of personal measures to reduce flood losses.  For control of flooding in urban areas, land use planning and implementation of adequate capacity drainage network is essential. Drainage improvement shall be integrated into the master plan for water management in the urban areas. 4.3.4 Mitigation for Materials Transportation  All fine earth materials will be covered during transportation to the site to prevent spillage and dusting.  Trucks used for that purpose on the project will be fitted with tailgates that close properly and with tarpaulins to cover the materials.  The cleanup of spilled earth and construction material on the main roads will be the responsibility of the contractor and will be done in a timely manner (say within 4 hours) so as not to inconvenience or endanger other road users. These requirements will be included as clauses within contracts made with relevant sub-contractors.  Transportation of lubricants and fuel to the site will be doneonly in the appropriate vehicles and containers, i.e. fuel tankers and sealed drums.  As far as possible, transport of construction materials will be scheduled for off- peak traffic hours. This will reduce the risk of traffic congestion and of road accidents on the access roads to the site. 4.3.5 Mitigation for Ambient Air Quality

a. Mitigation measures for Air Pollution  Site clearance, excavation and earthmoving The working area for the uprooting of shrubs or vegetation or for the removal of boulders or temporary or permanent structures will be sprayed with water or a dust suppression chemical immediately before, during and immediately after the operation so as to maintain the entire surface wet. Page 158 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

 Access road Every main haul road will be paved with concrete, bituminous materials, hardcore or metal plates, and kept clear of dusty materials; or sprayed with water or a dust suppression chemical so as to maintain the entire road surface wet.

 Construction equipment’s • All machineries to be used for construction purpose will be of highest standard of reputed make and compliance of noise pollution control norms by these equipment’s will be emphasized by company. • Acoustic laggings and silencers will be used in equipment’s wherever possible. • Feasibility of putting up acoustic enclosure / temporary barrier around areas with high noise levels will also be explored. • Transport vehicles and construction equipment’s / machineries will be properly maintained to reduce air emissions. • Equipment’s will be periodically checked for pollutant emissions against stipulated norms. • Exhaust vent of DG set will be kept at proper height to ensure quick dispersal of gaseous emissions.

 Use of vehicle • Immediately before leaving a construction site, every vehicle shall be washed to remove any dusty materials from its body and wheels. • Where a vehicle leaving a construction site is carrying a load of dusty materials, the load shall be covered entirely by clean impervious sheeting to ensure that the dusty materials do not leak from the vehicle.

 Excavation and earth moving The working area of any excavation or earth moving operation should be sprayed with water or a dusty suppression chemical immediately before during and immediately after the operation so as to maintain the entire surface wet.

 Stock Piles • All loose material either stocked or transported shall be provided with suitable covering such as tarpaulin, etc.

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• Water sprinkling shall be done at the location where dust generation is anticipated. • Over Burden (OB) waste dumps shall be sprayed with water as they are major sources of air borne particulate matter/dust. • OB waste dumps shall be reclaimed / afforested to bind the loose soil and to prevent soil erosion.

 DG Set • D.G. set should be placed in an acoustic enclosure. • D.G. set should be placed on the wooden platform to minimize the vibration. • The green belt development will also help in reducing noise levels in the campus. 4.3.6 Mitigation for Materials Storage  The stockpiling of construction materials will be properly managed and controlled. Fine grained materials (sand, marl, etc.) will be stockpiled away from surface drainage channels and features.  Low beams will be placed around the piles and/or tarpaulin used to cover open piles of stored materials to prevent them from being washed away during rainfall.  Safe storage areas will be identified and retaining structures constructed prior to the arrival of material.  Hazardous chemicals (e.g. fuels) will be properly stored in appropriate containers and these should be safely locked away. Conspicuous warning signs (e.g. ‘No Smoking’) will also be posted around hazardous waste storage and handling facilities.  Refueling and maintenance of heavy construction vehicles at the site, will be done at specified areas or makeshift "depots" where measures are in place to deal with spillages and temporary storage of oily wastes. These depots will be located in an area that would ultimately be permanently paved (e.g. parking lots) thereby covering contaminated soil if any. The ground at the depot site will be covered with a thick layer of marl to absorb any spillages. Subsequently, this marl layer will be removed for proper disposal. In the event of a large spill, the area must be cleaned up immediately by excavating the

Page 160 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

contaminated soil and removing it in a secure vehicle to an approved disposal site.  In order to reduce ground contamination, an impervious sump or container will be placed under the spigots of fuel drums to collect drippings. 4.3.7 Mitigation for Noise Environment  Construction activities that will generate disturbing sounds will be restricted to normal working hours.  Workers operating equipment that generates noise will be equipped with noise protection gear. Workers operating equipment generating noise levels greater than 70 dB (A) continuously for 8 hours or more will use earmuffs. Workers experiencing prolonged noise levels of 70 – 80 dB (A)will wear earplugs.  The construction activities will be restricted to the daytime and no construction will be practiced during night.  Barricades will be provided around the construction site to confine noise within the site.  To reduce the impact of air and noise pollution and to provide a clean, healthy environment, it has been proposed to create and maintain a green belt around the periphery of the Industrial Park and along the roadsides. 4.3.8 Mitigation for Water Environment  Excavation will be avoided during monsoon season  Check dams will be provided at appropriate location to prevent construction runoff from the site to the surrounding water bodies.  Pit latrines and community toilets with temporary soak pits and septic tanks will be constructed on the site during construction phase to prevent wastewater from entering the ground water or surrounding water bodies.  To prevent surface and ground water contamination by oil/grease, leak proof containers will be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease.  No abstraction of groundwater during construction. 4.3.9 Mitigation for Biological Environment  The dust emissions will be suppressed by spraying water and then the activities will be carried out.

Page 161 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

 Emissions from D.G sets and vehicles will be minimized by proper maintenance and by avoiding use of adulterant fuels and will be maintained below the standard limits prescribed by competent authority.  Important species of trees will be identified and marked and will be merged with landscape plan. 4.3.10 Construction Waste Disposal  A site waste management plan will be prepared by the contractor prior to commencement of building. This will include the designation of appropriate waste storage areas, collection and removal schedule, identification of approved disposal site, and a system for supervision and monitoring. Preparation and implementation of the plan must be made the responsibility of the building contractor with the system being monitored independently.  Special attention will be given to minimizing and reducing the quantities of solid waste produced during site preparation and construction. To reduce organic waste, softer vegetation will be composted onsite and used for soil amendment during landscaping.  Most of the construction materials like soil, bricks, concrete will be reused in the backfilling, road construction, sub-grade reparation etc. works. Metals, word scraps & bitumen junks will be recycled either within site or outside with help of the local authority. The measures like reusing materials on-site and /or donating /selling salvaged items reduces waste, virgin material use and disposal cost.  Vegetation and combustible waste will not be burntat site.  Reusable inorganic waste (e.g. excavated sand) will be stockpiled away from drainage features and used for filling where necessary.  Unusable construction waste, such as damaged pipes, formwork and other construction materials, will be disposed of at an approved dumpsite. 4.3.11 Mitigation for Land Environment  The soil will be collected separately and preserved in stacks with side slopes not exceeding 1:5. The topsoil (soil on the top 15 cm patch) will be preserved separately in a stack covered by tarpaulin. Efforts will be made to reinstate the soil for backfilling purposes. Topsoil will be reused for horticultural areas.

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 The spillage of oil from the machinery or cement residue from concrete mixer plants will be properly collected and disposed off. 4.3.12 Health & safety measures during construction phase  Construction related activities will be confined only to project site area, hence no health related impact are envisaged within the project influenced area during the construction stage and will be limited to occupant levels.  At the project site much direct exposure to dust generation and high noise generation sources likely to cause occupant health related impact such as asthma, bronchitis and Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) etc. on the construction workers. In order to offset such effects, proper drinking water, sanitation and first aid facility will be provided at the construction site, with trained shift supervisors, which will ensure minimum adverse occupational health impacts on the construction workers.

4.4 Operation Phase Impacts

The impacts on Ambient Air, Groundwater, Soil, Noise and Ecology of the surrounding environment during the Operation phase are discussed below; 4.4.1 Ambient Air Quality The potential impact on air quality would mainly be from boilers/ Thermic Fluid Heaters and Diesel Generators due to combustion of fuel.  The operation of Diesel Generators would be only during the power interruption from supply from APEPDCL, when emissions due to combustion of fuel (High Speed Diesel) will take place. But the operation of boilers/ Thermic Fluid heaters would generate more emissions since the duration of operation is more. The anticipated key air emissions from the project would be particulate matter, Oxides

of Nitrogen (NOX), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Carbon monoxide (CO).

 Emission of PM, NOX, SOX, CO from Boilers/ thermic Fluid Heaters, D.G set and Vehicular traffic and also dust emission from vehicular movement may pollute the ambient air quality which in turn cause breathing problem to the people who are nearby.  The primary risks to air quality concern the emissions from the DG sets.  Combustion of fossil fuels produces harmful emissions of particulate matter (PM),

Ozone (O3), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Sulphur oxides (SOx), and Carbon monoxide

Page 163 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

(CO) in the air, which can affect human health. Ash residues and the dust removed from exhaust gases may contain significant levels of heavy metals and some organic compounds. Important health impacts are discussed below.

 The major sources of anthropogenic emissions of NOx are combustion processes (boilers/ thermic fluid heaters, DG sets).  The major components of PM are sulphate, nitrates, ammonia, sodium chloride, carbon, mineral dust and water. Chronic exposure to particles contributes to the risk of developing cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as of lung cancer. As no threshold for PM has been identified below which no damage to health is observed, the recommended value should represent an acceptable and achievable objective to minimize health effects in the context of local constraints, capabilities and public health priorities.  Carbon monoxide (CO) is produced as a combustion by-product from carbon- based fuels. Any combustion process (power production, engines in vehicles and ships, or other fuel burning equipment) has the potential to produce carbon monoxide, an odourless, tasteless, and colorless gas. Inhaled carbon monoxide enters the bloodstream and combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), which reduces the blood’s ability to deliver oxygen to organs and tissues. People with several types of heart disease already have a reduced capacity for pumping oxygenated blood to the heart. For these people, short-term CO exposure further affects their body’s already compromised ability to respond to the increased oxygen demands when exercising or under increased exertion. Healthy individuals are also affected at higher levels of CO exposure. Exposure to elevated outdoor CO levels is associated with fatigue, visual impairment, headache, and reduced manual dexterity. At extremely high concentrations, CO can cause death. Air Modeling for operation phase AERMOD Software Version 7.5.0 was used for air dispersion modeling and is applicable to a wide range of buoyant or neutrally buoyant emissions up to a range of 50km. In addition to more straight forward cases, AERMOD is also suitable for complex terrain and urban dispersion scenarios. AERMOD is a steady-state plume model. In the stable boundary layer (SBL), it assumes the concentration distribution to be Gaussian in both the vertical and horizontal. In the convective boundary layer (CBL), the horizontal distribution is also assumed to be Gaussian, but the vertical distribution is described with a bi-Gaussian probability density function (pdf). This behaviour of the concentration distributions in the CBL wasdemonstrated by Willis and Page 164 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Deardorff (1981) and Briggs (1993). Additionally, in the CBL, AERMOD treats “plume lofting,” whereby a portion of plume mass, released from a buoyant source, rises to and remains near the top of the boundary layer before becoming mixed into the CBL. AERMOD also tracks any plume mass that penetrates into the elevated stable layer, and then allows it to re-enter the boundary layer when and if appropriate. For sources in both the CBL and the SBL AERMOD treats the enhancement of lateral dispersion resulting from plume meander. The emissions from proposed utilitystacks have been taken as basis for modeling and are shown in Table 4-3. The emissions from DG sets taken as basis for modeling is given in Table 4-4. The Ground level concentrationsdue to Utility stacks are given inFigure 4-3, Figure 4-4 and Figure 4-5. The maximum concentration tabulation is given inTable 4-5 and for DG stacks is given in Figure 4-6, Figure 4-7 and Figure 4-8. The maximum concentration tabulation is given inTable 4-6. The combined GLC for Utility and DG stacks is given in Table 4-7.

Page 165 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Table 4-3 Utility Stack Emission details

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Source Tem Fuel Stack Stack velocit PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) p (K) Height dia y (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/se (m) (m) c)

1 Synthetic 38.97 255389.00 m E, Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 7 1.48 5.47 0.507 Organic chemicals 1606067.00 m N

2 Synthetic 38.97 255971.00 m E, Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 7 1.48 5.47 0.507 Organic 1605765.00 m chemicals N

3 Synthetic 38.97 255408.00 m E, Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 7 1.48 5.47 0.507 Organic 1605560.00 m chemicals N

4 Synthetic 38.97 255741.00 m E, Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 7 1.48 5.47 0.507 Organic 1605895.00 m chemicals N

5 Synthetic 38.97 255218.00 m E, Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 7 1.48 5.47 0.507 Organic 1605386.00 m chemicals N

6 Solvent 10.91 252802.24 m E, Boiler 0.5T 453 Coal 24.6 1.2 14 0.414 1.81 0.142 recovery units 1603112.47 m N

7 Solvent 10.91 252817.46 m E, Boiler 0.5T 453 Coal 24.6 0.9 14 0.414 1.81 0.142 recovery units 1603254.05 m N

8 Solvent 10.91 252970.17 m E, Boiler 0.5T 453 Coal 24.6 0.9 14 0.414 1.81 0.142 recovery units 1603003.71 m N

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S.No Industry Area Coordinates Source Tem Fuel Stack Stack velocit PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) p (K) Height dia y (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/se (m) (m) c)

9 Solvent 10.91 252798.48 m E, Boiler 0.5T 453 Coal 24.6 0.9 14 0.414 1.81 0.142 recovery units 1603167.73 m N

10 Solvent 10.91 252872.58 m E, Boiler 0.5T 453 Coal 24.6 0.9 14 0.414 1.81 0.142 recovery units 1603072.08 m N

11 Paint Industry 38.86 255804.38 m E, Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 13 1.47668 6.45076 0.505 1606363.29 m 18 N

12 Paint Industry 38.86 256093.11 m E, Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 13 1.47668 6.45076 0.505 1606361.02 m 18 N

13 Paint Industry 38.86 255724.48 m E, Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 13 1.47668 6.45076 0.505 1606467.18 m 18 N

14 Paint Industry 38.86 256039.36 m E, Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 13 1.47668 6.45076 0.505 1606309.39 m 18 N

15 Paint Industry 38.86 255675.68 m E, Boiler 2T 453 Coal 36 1.2 13 1.47668 6.45076 0.505 1606401.51 m 18 N

16 Dyes and 18.21 255799.80 m E, Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.236 Intermediates 1606208.50 m 73 N

17 Dyes and 18.21 255962.97 m E, Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.236 Intermediates 1606500.54 m 73 N

Page 167 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Source Tem Fuel Stack Stack velocit PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) p (K) Height dia y (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/se (m) (m) c)

18 Dyes and 18.21 256204.97 m E, Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.236 Intermediates 1606471.22 m 73 N

19 Dyes and 18.21 256253.57 m E, Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.236 Intermediates 1606351.08 m 73 N

20 Dyes and 18.21 256065.57 m E, Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.236 Intermediates 1606265.63 m 73 N

21 Dyes and 18.21 256165.01 m E, Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.236 Intermediates 1606429.93 m 73 N

22 Dyes and 18.21 256130.21 m E, Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.236 Intermediates 1606280.19 m 73 N

23 Dyes and 18.21 256180.18 m E, Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.236 Intermediates 1606391.95 m 73 N

24 Dyes and 18.21 256120.68 m E, Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.236 Intermediates 1606329.25 m 73 N

25 Dyes and 18.21 256166.20 m E, Boiler 1T 452 Coal 28.6 1 12 0.69198 3.02286 0.236 Intermediates 1606523.92 m 73 N

26 Food 18.33 254986.84 m E, Boiler 1T 453 Coal 28.7 1.2 15 0.69654 3.04278 0.238 processing 1603411.46 m 29 N

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S.No Industry Area Coordinates Source Tem Fuel Stack Stack velocit PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) p (K) Height dia y (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/se (m) (m) c)

27 Food 18.33 254808.26 m E, Boiler 1T 453 Coal 28.7 1.2 15 0.69654 3.04278 0.238 processing 1603384.07 m 29 N

28 Food 18.33 254776.77 m E, Boiler 1T 453 Coal 28.7 1.2 15 0.69654 3.04278 0.238 processing 1603205.38 m 29 N

29 Food 18.33 254774.09 m E, Boiler 1T 453 Coal 28.7 1.2 15 0.69654 3.04278 0.238 processing 1603088.99 m 29 N

30 Food 18.33 254830.39 m E, Boiler 1T 453 Coal 28.7 1.2 15 0.69654 3.04278 0.238 processing 1603307.03 m 29 N

31 Food 18.33 254605.50 m E, Boiler 1T 453 Coal 28.7 1.2 15 0.69654 3.04278 0.238 processing 1603228.56 m 29 N

32 Soft drinks 16.72 257580.26 m E, Boiler 0.75T 410 Coal 28 0.8 8 0.63536 2.77552 0.217 1604257.84 m 36 N

33 Soft drinks 16.72 257571.38 m E, Boiler 0.75T 410 Coal 28 0.8 8 0.63536 2.77552 0.217 1604072.87 m 36 N

34 Soft drinks 16.72 257473.85 m E, Boiler 0.75T 410 Coal 28 0.8 8 0.63536 2.77552 0.217 1603992.50 m 36 N

35 Soft drinks 16.72 257307.54 m E, Boiler 0.75T 410 Coal 28 0.8 8 0.63536 2.77552 0.217 1604181.30 m 36 N

Page 169 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Source Tem Fuel Stack Stack velocit PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) p (K) Height dia y (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/se (m) (m) c)

36 Soft drinks 16.72 257264.98 m E, Boiler 0.75T 410 Coal 28 0.8 8 0.63536 2.77552 0.217 1604105.64 m 36 N

37 Soft drinks 16.72 257399.13 m E, Boiler 0.75T 410 Coal 28 0.8 8 0.63536 2.77552 0.217 1604175.82 m 36 N

38 Milk chilling 12.53 257903.73 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.162 and Diary 1604598.29 m 89 N

39 Milk chilling 12.53 257854.01 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.162 and Diary 1604571.68 m 89 N

40 Milk chilling 12.53 257930.12 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.162 and Diary 1604575.38 m 89 N

41 Milk chilling 12.53 257935.23 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.162 and Diary 1604545.89 m 89 N

42 Milk chilling 12.53 257863.07 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.162 and Diary 1604543.73 m 89 N

43 Milk chilling 12.53 257861.05 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.162 and Diary 1604503.24 m 89 N

44 Milk chilling 12.53 257948.84 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.162 and Diary 1604505.55 m 89 N

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S.No Industry Area Coordinates Source Tem Fuel Stack Stack velocit PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) p (K) Height dia y (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/se (m) (m) c)

45 Milk chilling 12.53 257920.51 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.162 and Diary 1604485.27 m 89 N

46 Milk chilling 12.53 257877.13 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.162 and Diary 1604477.95 m 89 N

47 Milk chilling 12.53 257821.71 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 25.6 1.2 5 0.47614 2.07998 0.162 and Diary 1604555.79 m 89 N

48 Agro based 9.44 257920.61 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.122 units 1604377.94 m 72 N

49 Agro based 9.44 257929.65 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.122 units 1604312.38 m 72 N

50 Agro based 9.44 257851.68 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.122 units 1604305.57 m 72 N

51 Agro based 9.44 257900.22 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.122 units 1604265.46 m 72 N

52 Agro based 9.44 257882.93 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.122 units 1604239.59 m 72 N

53 Agro based 9.44 257808.73 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.122 units 1604210.55 m 72 N

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S.No Industry Area Coordinates Source Tem Fuel Stack Stack velocit PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) p (K) Height dia y (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/se (m) (m) c)

54 Agro based 9.44 257881.24 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.122 units 1604196.90 m 72 N

55 Agro based 9.44 257805.25 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.122 units 1604283.73 m 72 N

56 Agro based 9.44 257799.48 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.122 units 1604230.89 m 72 N

57 Agro based 9.44 257861.42 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.122 units 1604276.93 m 72 N

58 Agro based 9.44 257849.81 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.122 units 1604218.10 m 72 N

59 Agro based 9.44 257905.50 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.122 units 1604225.81 m 72 N

60 Agro based 9.44 257922.65 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.122 units 1604247.21 m 72 N

61 Agro based 9.44 257939.17 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.122 units 1604228.65 m 72 N

62 Agro based 9.44 257814.77 m E, Boiler 0.5T 383 Coal 23.5 1.2 5 0.35872 1.56704 0.122 units 1604253.13 m 72 N

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S.No Industry Area Coordinates Source Tem Fuel Stack Stack velocit PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) p (K) Height dia y (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/se (m) (m) c)

63 Textile 16.48 257084.12 m E, Boiler 0.75T 383 Coal 28 1 18 0.176336 2.90048 2.191 1604771.33 m 84 N

64 Textile 16.48 257250.89 m E, Boiler 0.75T 383 Coal 28 1 18 0.176336 2.90048 2.191 1604564.89 m 84 N

65 Textile 16.48 257158.75 m E, Boiler 0.75T 383 Coal 28 1 18 0.176336 2.90048 2.191 1604498.18 m 84 N

66 Textile 16.48 257096.33 m E, Boiler 0.75T 383 Coal 28 1 18 0.176336 2.90048 2.191 1604433.65 m 84 N

67 Textile 16.48 258237.07 m E, Boiler 0.75T 383 Coal 28 1 18 0.176336 2.90048 2.191 1605000.67 m 84 N

68 Glass 75.18 256027.55 m E, Boiler 3T 453 electricity 44 1.2 15 2.85684 12.47988 0.977 Manufacturing 1598279.54 m 34 N

69 Glass 75.18 257758.47 m E, Boiler 3T 453 electricity 44 1.2 15 2.85684 12.47988 0.977 Manufacturing 1598505.62 m 34 N

70 Automobile 12.08 256984.69 m E, Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.117 parts 1599693.06 m 4 N

71 Automobile 12.08 257065.50 m E, Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.117 parts 1599650.95 m 4 N

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S.No Industry Area Coordinates Source Tem Fuel Stack Stack velocit PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) p (K) Height dia y (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/se (m) (m) c)

72 Automobile 12.08 257044.02 m E, Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.117 parts 1599779.37 m 4 N

73 Automobile 12.08 256859.36 m E, Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.117 parts 1599713.50 m 4 N

74 Automobile 12.08 256660.82 m E, Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.117 parts 1599600.32 m 4 N

75 Automobile 12.08 257050.78 m E, Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.117 parts 1599543.50 m 4 N

76 Automobile 12.08 256797.74 m E, Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.117 parts 1599688.00 m 4 N

77 Automobile 12.08 256951.87 m E, Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.117 parts 1599573.38 m 4 N

78 Automobile 12.08 257298.32 m E, Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.117 parts 1599634.15 m 4 N

79 Automobile 12.08 257260.51 m E, Boiler 0.5T 573 Coal 25.6 2 10 0.8456 2.0838 1.117 parts 1599541.23 m 4 N

80 Electrical 7.233 256918.92 m E, Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669 machinery 1599502.94 m 053 parts N

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S.No Industry Area Coordinates Source Tem Fuel Stack Stack velocit PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) p (K) Height dia y (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/se (m) (m) c)

81 Electrical 7.233 256949.39 m E, Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669 machinery 1599643.79 m 053 parts N

82 Electrical 7.233 256735.86 m E, Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669 machinery 1599579.55 m 053 parts N

83 Electrical 7.233 256589.14 m E, Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669 machinery 1599539.49 m 053 parts N

84 Electrical 7.233 256444.19 m E, Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669 machinery 1599552.88 m 053 parts N

85 Electrical 7.233 256416.51 m E, Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669 machinery 1599663.46 m 053 parts N

86 Electrical 7.233 256435.17 m E, Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669 machinery 1599513.31 m 053 parts N

87 Electrical 7.233 256307.90 m E, Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669 machinery 1599634.27 m 053 parts N

88 Electrical 7.233 256297.66 m E, Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669 machinery 1599584.43 m 053 parts N

89 Electrical 7.233 256473.53 m E, Boiler 0.3T 573 electricity 22 2 10 0.50631 1.247693 0.669 machinery 1599603.65 m 053 parts N

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S.No Industry Area Coordinates Source Tem Fuel Stack Stack velocit PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) p (K) Height dia y (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/se (m) (m) c)

90 Metallurgical 17 254954.93 m E, Boiler 0.75T 453 electricity/ 28 1.2 15 0.646 2.822 0.221 Industries 1600397.63 m furnace N oil

91 Metallurgical 17 254867.30 m E, Boiler 0.75T 453 electricity/ 28 1.2 15 0.646 2.822 0.221 Industries 1600477.63 m furnace N oil

92 Metallurgical 17 254849.38 m E, Boiler 0.75T 453 electricity/ 28 1.2 15 0.646 2.822 0.221 Industries 1600379.97 m furnace N oil

93 Metallurgical 17 254919.50 m E, Boiler 0.75T 453 electricity/ 28 1.2 15 0.646 2.822 0.221 Industries 1600341.18 m furnace N oil

94 Metallurgical 17 254888.19 m E, Boiler 0.75T 453 electricity/ 28 1.2 15 0.646 2.822 0.221 Industries 1600614.31 m furnace N oil

95 Metallurgical 17 254807.69 m E, Boiler 0.75T 453 electricity/ 28 1.2 6 0.646 2.822 0.221 Industries 1600590.29 m furnace N oil

96 Metallurgical 17.23 255161.04 m E, Boiler 0.75T 453 electricity/ 28 1.2 6 0.65474 2.86018 0.223 Industries 1600615.07 m furnace 99 N oil

97 Metallurgical 17 255041.03 m E, Boiler 0.75T 453 electricity/ 28 1.2 6 0.646 2.822 0.221 Industries 1600451.56 m furnace N oil

98 Metallurgical 17 255023.95 m E, Boiler 0.75T 453 electricity/ 28 1.2 6 0.646 2.822 0.221 Industries 1600412.27 m furnace N oil

Page 176 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Source Tem Fuel Stack Stack velocit PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) p (K) Height dia y (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/se (m) (m) c)

99 Metallurgical 17 254847.91 m E, Boiler 0.75T 453 Coal 28 1.2 6 0.646 2.822 0.221 Industries 1600443.06 m N

100 Industrial 15.21 255410.00 m E, Boiler 0.75T 453 Coal 27 1.2 6 0.57798 2.52486 0.197 carbon 1600132.00 m 73 N

101 Industrial 15.21 255609.74 m E, Boiler 0.75T 453 Coal 27 1.2 6 0.57798 2.52486 0.197 carbon 1600057.68 m 73 N

102 Industrial 15.21 255407.06 m E, Boiler 0.75T 453 Coal 27 1.2 6 0.57798 2.52486 0.197 carbon 1600092.02 m 73 N

103 Industrial 15.21 255220.21 m E, Boiler 0.75T 453 Coal 27 1.2 6 0.57798 2.52486 0.197 carbon 1600059.46 m 73 N

104 Industrial 15.21 255291.01 m E, Boiler 0.75T 453 Coal 27 1.2 6 0.57798 2.52486 0.197 carbon 1600159.66 m 73 N

105 Carbon Black 62.23 255486.25 m E, Boiler 3T, 408 Coal 70 0.9 6 1.1202 34.5 12.63 1600172.45 m dryer, purge 337 N gas

106 Carbon Black 62.23 255586.00 m E, Boiler 3T, 408 Coal 70 0.9 6 1.1202 34.5 12.63 1600107.25 m dryer, purge 337 N gas

107 Carbon Black 62.23 255707.62 m E, Boiler 3T, 408 Coal 70 0.9 6 1.1202 34.5 12.63 1600105.67 m dryer, purge 337 N gas

Page 177 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Source Tem Fuel Stack Stack velocit PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) p (K) Height dia y (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/se (m) (m) c)

108 Steel rerolling 5 254169.27 m E, Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065 1603955.57 m N

109 Steel rerolling 5.2 254075.57 m E, Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.1976 0.8632 0.067 1604094.37 m 6 N

110 Steel rerolling 5 254319.32 m E, Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065 1603821.26 m N

111 Steel rerolling 5 254210.90 m E, Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065 1603639.68 m N

112 Steel rerolling 5 253512.03 m E, Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065 1603748.92 m N

113 Steel rerolling 5 253119.11 m E, Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065 1603835.93 m N

114 Steel rerolling 5 252992.33 m E, Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065 1603565.57 m N

115 Steel rerolling 5 252933.18 m E, Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065 1603595.71 m N

116 Steel rerolling 5 252958.65 m E, Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065 1603535.24 m N

Page 178 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Source Tem Fuel Stack Stack velocit PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) p (K) Height dia y (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/se (m) (m) c)

117 Steel rerolling 5 253214.58 m E, Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065 1603768.92 m N

118 Steel rerolling 5 253159.84 m E, Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065 1603732.06 m N

119 Steel rerolling 5 253225.58 m E, Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065 1603712.82 m N

120 Steel rerolling 5 253253.59 m E, Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065 1603613.84 m N

121 Steel rerolling 5 253433.03 m E, Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065 1603903.43 m N

122 Steel rerolling 5 253283.28 m E, Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065 1603893.27 m N

123 Steel rerolling 5 253468.31 m E, Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065 1603702.24 m N

124 Steel rerolling 5 253456.52 m E, Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065 1603443.28 m N

125 Steel rerolling 5 253220.96 m E, Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065 1603475.63 m N

Page 179 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Source Tem Fuel Stack Stack velocit PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) p (K) Height dia y (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/se (m) (m) c)

126 Steel rerolling 5 253022.10 m E, Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065 1603458.71 m N

127 Steel rerolling 5 253053.00 m E, Furnace 10T 356 Coal 19.5 1.2 6 0.19 0.83 0.065 1603667.00 m N

128 R and D units 10.774 255525.11 m E, Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140 1605019.11 m 062 N

129 R and D units 10.774 255324.05 m E, Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140 1604838.17 m 062 N

130 R and D units 10.774 255237.76 m E, Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140 1605108.06 m 062 N

131 R and D units 10.774 255049.88 m E, Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140 1604722.79 m 062 N

132 R and D units 10.774 255407.90 m E, Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140 1605098.63 m 062 N

133 R and D units 10.774 255485.93 m E, Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140 1604858.24 m 062 N

134 R and D units 10.774 255283.85 m E, Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140 1604698.50 m 062 N

Page 180 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Source Tem Fuel Stack Stack velocit PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) p (K) Height dia y (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/se (m) (m) c)

135 R and D units 10.774 254936.67 m E, Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140 1604864.20 m 062 N

136 R and D units 10.774 255115.49 m E, Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140 1605091.96 m 062 N

137 R and D units 10.774 255217.99 m E, Boiler 0.5T 350 Coal 24.5 1.2 6 0.409412 1.788484 0.140 1604989.26 m 062 N

138 Cement 58.59 256145.33 m E, Boiler 3T 350 Coal 41 1.2 6 2.22642 9.72594 0.761 Manufacturing 1600566.07 m 67 N

139 Cement 58.59 255760.54 m E, Boiler 3T 350 Coal 41 1.2 6 2.22642 9.72594 0.761 Manufacturing 1600504.11 m 67 N

140 Petrochemical 54.2 254211.44 m E, Boiler 3T 350 FO 40 1.2 6 2.0596 8.9972 0.704 based 1604883.92 m 6 processing N

141 Petrochemical 54 253882.48 m E, Boiler 3T 350 FO 40 1.2 6 2.052 8.964 0.702 based 1604378.38 m processing N

142 Petrochemical 54 253783.42 m E, Boiler 3T 350 FO 40 1.2 6 2.052 8.964 0.702 based 1604765.83 m processing N

143 Petrochemical 54 253481.22 m E, Boiler 3T 350 FO 40 1.2 6 2.052 8.964 0.702 based 1604614.05 m processing N

Page 181 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Source Tem Fuel Stack Stack velocit PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) p (K) Height dia y (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/se (m) (m) c)

144 Petrochemical 54 253881.62 m E, Boiler 3T 350 FO 40 1.2 6 2.052 8.964 0.702 based 1604647.27 m processing N

Page 182 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Figure 4-3 SOX emissions from proposed utility stacks

Page 183 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Figure 4-4 NOx emissions from proposed utility Stacks

Page 184 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Figure 4-5 PM Emissions from proposed utility Stacks

Page 185 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Table 4-4DG Stack emission details

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

1 Synthetic 38.97 255492.00 m 136 120 19.7127 20 0.15 5.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133 Organic E chemicals ,1605978.00 m N 2 Synthetic 38.97 255897.00 m 136 120 19.7127 20 0.15 5.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133 Organic E, chemicals 1605596.00 m N 3 Synthetic 38.97 255160.00 m 136 120 19.7127 20 0.15 5.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133 Organic E, chemicals 1605587.00 m N 4 Synthetic 38.97 255659.00 m 136 120 19.7127 20 0.15 5.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133 Organic E, chemicals 1605769.00 m N 5 Synthetic 38.97 255022.00 m 136 120 19.7127 20 0.15 5.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133 Organic E, chemicals 1605424.00 m N 6 Lead acid 20.16 254696.00 m 132 120 19.7127 18 0.5 6.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133 batteries E, 1604725.00 m N 7 Lead acid 20.16 254282.00 m 132 120 19.7127 18 0.5 6.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133 batteries E, 1604451.00 m N

Page 186 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

8 Lead acid 20.16 254396.98 m 132 120 19.7127 18 0.5 6.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133 batteries E, 1604655.56 m N 9 Lead acid 20.16 255291.10 m 132 120 19.7127 18 0.5 6.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133 batteries E, 1599892.98 m N 10 Lead acid 20.16 255389.94 m 132 120 19.7127 18 0.5 6.2 0.006 0.013005 0.133 batteries E, 1599617.86 m N 11 Waste oil/ 11.08 253487.00 m 126 24 3.66093 15 0.5 6.2 0.001 0.002415 0.018 drums E, processing 1602807.00 units m N 12 Waste oil/ 11.08 253654.64 m 126 24 3.66093 15 0.32 4.6 0.001 0.002415 0.018 drums E, processing 1602664.35 units m N 13 Waste oil/ 11.08 254098.00 m 126 24 3.66093 15 0.32 4.6 0.001 0.002415 0.018 drums E, processing 1602873.00 units m N 14 Waste oil/ 11.08 254046.54 m 126 24 3.66093 15 0.32 4.6 0.001 0.002415 0.018 drums E, processing 1602763.03 units m N 15 Waste oil/ 11.08 254069.00 m 126 24 3.66093 15 0.32 4.6 0.001 0.002415 0.018 drums E,

Page 187 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

processing 1602689.00 units m N

16 Solvent 10.91 253010.68 m 138 24 3.66093 15 0.45 6.8 0.001 0.002415 0.018 recovery units E, 1603058.59 m N 17 Solvent 10.91 253189.33 m 138 24 3.66093 15 0.45 6.8 0.001 0.002415 0.018 recovery units E, 1603188.50 m N 18 Solvent 10.91 252950.00 m 138 24 3.66093 15 0.45 6.8 0.001 0.002415 0.018 recovery units E, 1603201.00 m N 19 Solvent 10.91 252951.34 m 138 24 3.66093 15 0.45 6.8 0.001 0.002415 0.018 recovery units E, 1603134.46 m N 20 Solvent 10.91 252921.57 m 138 24 3.66093 15 0.45 6.8 0.001 0.002415 0.018 recovery units E, 1603017.49 m N 21 Lubricating 2 255167.83 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598162.10 m N 22 Lubricating 2 255054.00 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598128.00 m N

Page 188 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

23 Lubricating 2 255003.50 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598098.06 m N 24 Lubricating 2 254963.27 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598066.23 m N 25 Lubricating 2 254977.86 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598087.25 m N 26 Lubricating 2 254968.92 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598078.93 m N 27 Lubricating 2 254956.48 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598058.96 m N 28 Lubricating 2 254954.84 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598063.92 m N 29 Lubricating 2 254960.27 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598070.32 m N 30 Lubricating 2 255064.12 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E,

Page 189 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

1598029.47 m N

31 Lubricating 2 255006.90 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598040.20 m N 32 Lubricating 2 254968.62 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598040.82 m N 33 Lubricating 2 254978.27 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598022.04 m N 34 Lubricating 2 254972.00 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598051.00 m N 35 Lubricating 2 254960.50 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598030.63 m N 36 Lubricating 2 254958.02 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598021.36 m N 37 Lubricating 2 254955.03 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598038.75 m N

Page 190 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

38 Lubricating 2 254947.82 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598027.94 m N 39 Lubricating 2 254935.25 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598051.60 m N 40 Lubricating 2 254938.52 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598042.93 m N 41 Lubricating 2 254973.94 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598003.10 m N 42 Lubricating 2 255017.80 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598026.78 m N 43 Lubricating 2 255013.76 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598010.60 m N 44 Lubricating 2 254996.91 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E, 1598001.72 m N 45 Lubricating 2 255015.64 m 146 2.4 2.8161 15 0.5 7.9 0.001 0.001858 0.018 oils E,

Page 191 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

1598000.84 m N

46 Industrial 23.1 252744.92 m 151 60 10.70118 18 0.25 8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 gases/ E, Isolated 1603481.76 storage m N 47 Industrial 23.1 252671.06 m 151 60 10.70118 18 0.25 8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 gases/ E, Isolated 1603382.97 storage m N 48 Industrial 23.1 252754.88 m 151 60 10.70118 18 0.25 8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 gases/ E, Isolated 1603310.69 storage m N 49 Industrial 23.1 252659.32 m 151 60 10.70118 18 0.25 8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 gases/ E, Isolated 1603306.65 storage m N 50 Industrial 23.1 252621.04 m 151 60 10.70118 18 0.25 8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 gases/ E, Isolated 1603271.82 storage m N 51 Paint Industry 38.86 255621.39 m 136 120 19.7127 20 0.5 9 0.006 0.013005 0.133 E, 1606482.46 m N 52 Paint Industry 38.86 255466.74 m 136 120 19.7127 20 0.5 9 0.006 0.013005 0.133 E, 1606372.24 m N

Page 192 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

53 Paint Industry 38.86 255684.73 m 136 120 19.7127 20 0.5 9 0.006 0.013005 0.133 E, 1606249.30 m N 54 Paint Industry 38.86 255913.94 m 136 120 19.7127 20 0.5 9 0.006 0.013005 0.133 E, 1606399.38 m N 55 Paint Industry 38.86 255921.00 m 136 120 19.7127 20 0.5 9 0.006 0.013005 0.133 E, 1606253.09 m N 56 Dyes and 18.21 256169.70 m 149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 Intermediates E, 1606310.78 m N 57 Dyes and 18.21 256045.30 m 149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 Intermediates E, 1606208.71 m N 58 Dyes and 18.21 255890.45 m 149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 Intermediates E, 1606152.21 m N 59 Dyes and 18.21 256121.39 m 149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 Intermediates E, 1606458.31 m N 60 Dyes and 18.21 256268.02 m 149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 Intermediates E,

Page 193 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

1606397.09 m N

61 Dyes and 18.21 255980.96 m 149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 Intermediates E, 1606038.54 m N 62 Dyes and 18.21 256105.20 m 149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 Intermediates E, 1606127.08 m N 63 Dyes and 18.21 256162.72 m 149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 Intermediates E, 1606218.97 m N 64 Dyes and 18.21 256060.10 m 149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 Intermediates E, 1605952.66 m N 65 Dyes and 18.21 256226.09 m 149 60 10.70118 18 0.55 8.8 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 Intermediates E, 1606026.92 m N 66 Food 18.33 254893.59 m 151 99 16.33338 18 0.4 7.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074 processing E, 1603467.10 m N 67 Food 18.33 254673.73 m 151 99 16.33338 18 0.4 7.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074 processing E, 1603313.39 m N

Page 194 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

68 Food 18.33 254961.44 m 151 99 16.33338 18 0.4 7.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074 processing E, 1603310.48 m N 69 Food 18.33 254626.14 m 151 99 16.33338 18 0.4 7.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074 processing E, 1603078.18 m N 70 Food 18.33 254940.81 m 151 99 16.33338 18 0.4 7.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074 processing E, 1603114.48 m N 71 Food 18.33 254758.02 m 151 99 16.33338 18 0.4 7.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074 processing E, 1602975.41 m N 72 Soft drinks 16.72 257207.36 m 139 99 16.33338 18 0.36 4.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074 E, 1604230.25 m N 73 Soft drinks 16.72 257594.61 m 139 99 16.33338 18 0.36 4.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074 E, 1604189.05 m N 74 Soft drinks 16.72 257570.01 m 139 99 16.33338 18 0.36 4.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074 E, 1604436.00 m N 75 Soft drinks 16.72 257404.04 m 139 99 16.33338 18 0.36 4.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074 E,

Page 195 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

1604084.49 m N

76 Soft drinks 16.72 257226.67 m 139 99 16.33338 18 0.36 4.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074 E, 1604006.27 m N 77 Soft drinks 16.72 257532.03 m 139 99 16.33338 18 0.36 4.6 0.004 0.010775 0.074 E, 1604030.87 m N 78 Milk chilling 12.53 257918.00 m 148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 and Diary E, 1604651.00 m N 79 Milk chilling 12.53 257917.98 m 148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 and Diary E, 1604519.52 m N 80 Milk chilling 12.53 257817.06 m 148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 and Diary E, 1604590.23 m N 81 Milk chilling 12.53 257893.01 m 148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 and Diary E, 1604433.33 m N 82 Milk chilling 12.53 258008.41 m 148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 and Diary E, 1604569.55 m N

Page 196 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

83 Milk chilling 12.53 257995.07 m 148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 and Diary E, 1604510.39 m N 84 Milk chilling 12.53 257999.97 m 148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 and Diary E, 1604454.81 m N 85 Milk chilling 12.53 257824.79 m 148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 and Diary E, 1604659.77 m N 86 Milk chilling 12.53 257993.57 m 148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 and Diary E, 1604625.70 m N 87 Milk chilling 12.53 257805.77 m 148 60 10.70118 18 0.6 8.4 0.0025 0.00706 0.045 and Diary E, 1604531.22 m N 88 Agro based 9.44 257848.79 m 155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03 units E, 1604251.57 m N 89 Agro based 9.44 257798.14 m 155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03 units E, 1604173.26 m N 90 Agro based 9.44 257757.38 m 155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03 units E,

Page 197 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

1604102.51 m N

91 Agro based 9.44 257905.30 m 155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03 units E, 1604338.08 m N 92 Agro based 9.44 257757.52 m 155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03 units E, 1604017.27 m N 93 Agro based 9.44 257754.00 m 155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03 units E, 1604318.81 m N 94 Agro based 9.44 257644.46 m 155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03 units E, 1604139.72 m N 95 Agro based 9.44 257781.82 m 155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03 units E, 1604404.38 m N 96 Agro based 9.44 257805.99 m 155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03 units , 1604462.30 m N 97 Agro based 9.44 257959.17 m 155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03 units E, 1604400.49 m N

Page 198 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

98 Agro based 9.44 257875.00 m 155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03 units E, 1604391.82 m N 99 Agro based 9.44 257831.87 m 155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03 units E, 1604335.20 m N 100 Agro based 9.44 257963.68 m 155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03 units E, 1604340.53 m N 101 Agro based 9.44 257972.05 m 155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03 units E, 1604284.37 m N 102 Agro based 9.44 257947.58 m 155 40 9.01152 15 0.5 9.2 0.001 0.005945 0.03 units E, 1604210.23 m N 103 Textile 16.48 258208.83 m 147 120 19.7127 18 0.6 9.3 0.005 0.013005 0.09 E, 1605074.60 m N 104 Textile 16.48 258377.68 m 147 120 19.7127 18 0.6 9.3 0.005 0.013005 0.09 E, 1605037.96 m N 105 Textile 16.48 257319.96 m 147 120 19.7127 18 0.6 9.3 0.005 0.013005 0.09 E,

Page 199 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

1604646.95 m N

106 Textile 16.48 257135.69 m 147 120 19.7127 18 0.6 9.3 0.005 0.013005 0.09 E, 1604617.37 m N 107 Textile 16.48 257127.40 m 147 120 19.7127 18 0.6 9.3 0.005 0.013005 0.09 E, 1604557.69 m N 108 Garments 6.48 258039.99 m 143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225 E, 1598466.95 m N 109 Garments 6.48 258159.44 m 143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225 E, 1598408.31 m N 110 Garments 6.48 258126.59 m 143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225 E, 1598342.96 m N 111 Garments 6.48 258027.33 m 143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225 E, 1598381.53 m N 112 Garments 6.48 258194.96 m 143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225 E, 1598354.48 m N

Page 200 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

113 Garments 6.48 258231.42 m 143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225 E, 1598299.17 m N 114 Garments 6.48 258138.06 m 143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225 E, 1598299.99 m N 115 Garments 6.48 258082.06 m 143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225 E, 1598281.16 m N 116 Garments 6.48 258221.45 m 143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225 E, 1598238.32 m N 117 Garments 6.48 258105.91 m 143 30 6.75864 15 0.45 7.64 0.00125 0.004459 0.0225 E, 1598200.42 m N 118 Glass 75.18 257781.65 m 156 300 45.33921 25 0.34 6.45 0.016 0.029911 0.33 Manufacturing E, 1598556.09 m N 119 Glass 75.18 255939.44 m 156 300 45.33921 25 0.34 6.45 0.016 0.029911 0.33 Manufacturing E, 1598221.25 m N 120 Automobile 12.08 255020.00 m 146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 parts E,

Page 201 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

1598399.00 m N

121 Automobile 12.08 255058.58 m 146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 parts E, 1598311.36 m N 122 Automobile 12.08 254914.30 m 146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 parts E, 1598378.40 m N 123 Automobile 12.08 254949.85 m 146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 parts E, 1598335.01 m N 124 Automobile 12.08 254899.41 m 146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 parts E, 1598288.12 m N 125 Automobile 12.08 257026.67 m 146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 parts E, 1599608.03 m N 126 Automobile 12.08 256722.92 m 146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 parts E, 1599653.56 m N 127 Automobile 12.08 257196.01 m 146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 parts E, 1599743.29 m N

Page 202 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

128 Automobile 12.08 257137.48 m 146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 parts E, 1599595.93 m N 129 Automobile 12.08 256969.47 m 146 30 6.75864 18 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 parts E, 1599725.88 m N 130 Electrical 7.233 256416.76 m 146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 machinery E, parts 1599605.00 m N 131 Electrical 7.233 256329.67 m 146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 machinery E, parts 1599480.75 m N 132 Electrical 7.233 256345.91 m 146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 machinery E, parts 1599531.60 m N 133 Electrical 7.233 256551.81 m 146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 machinery E, parts 1599576.40 m N 134 Electrical 7.233 256542.44 m 146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 machinery E, parts 1599497.08 m N 135 Electrical 7.233 256518.56 m 146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 machinery E,

Page 203 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

parts 1599637.81 m N

136 Electrical 7.233 256380.62 m 146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 machinery E, parts 1599689.63 m N 137 Electrical 7.233 256701.83 m 146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 machinery E, parts 1599547.01 m N 138 Electrical 7.233 256858.77 m 146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 machinery E, parts 1599631.65 m N 139 Electrical 7.233 256877.91 m 146 30 6.75864 15 0.2 5.64 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 machinery E, parts 1599573.04 m N 140 Gems and 5.8375 258032.94 m 164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031 jewellery E, 1600028.13 m N 141 Gems and 5.8375 257845.28 m 164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031 jewellery E, 1599972.19 m N 142 Gems and 5.8375 257963.24 m 164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031 jewellery E, 1599864.54 m N

Page 204 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

143 Gems and 5.8375 257805.30 m 164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031 jewellery E, 1599857.45 m N 144 Gems and 5.8375 258021.33 m 164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031 jewellery E, 1599950.11 m N 145 Gems and 5.8375 257974.13 m 164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031 jewellery E, 1599930.43 m N 146 Gems and 5.8375 257862.42 m 164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031 jewellery E, 1599907.00 m N 147 Gems and 5.8375 257917.92 m 164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031 jewellery E, 1599969.47 m N 148 Gems and 5.8375 257919.98 m 164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031 jewellery E, 1599930.87 m N 149 Gems and 5.8375 257926.03 m 164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031 jewellery E, 1599900.18 m N 150 Gems and 5.8375 257905.44 m 164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031 jewellery E,

Page 205 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

1599880.87 m N

151 Gems and 5.8375 257859.60 m 164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031 jewellery E, 1599945.33 m N 152 Gems and 5.8375 257981.34 m 164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031 jewellery E, 1599903.58 m N 153 Gems and 5.8375 257955.17 m 164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031 jewellery E, 1599885.63 m N 154 Gems and 5.8375 258346.93 m 164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031 jewellery E, 1600012.07 m N 155 Gems and 5.8375 258337.32 m 164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031 jewellery E, 1599874.66 m N 156 Gems and 5.8375 258260.74 m 164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031 jewellery E, 1599950.57 m N 157 Gems and 5.8375 258186.85 m 164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031 jewellery E, 1600012.71 m N

Page 206 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

158 Gems and 5.8375 258178.66 m 164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031 jewellery E, 1599908.88 m N 159 Gems and 5.8375 258587.66 m 164 15 3.66093 15 0.25 6.45 0.00125 0.002415 0.031 jewellery E, 1599878.75 m N 160 Metallurgical 17 254958.89 m 164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078 Industries E, 1600534.50 m N 161 Metallurgical 17 255192.01 m 164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078 Industries E, 1600658.34 m N 162 Metallurgical 17 254902.91 m 164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078 Industries E, 1600689.34 m N 163 Metallurgical 17 255054.19 m 164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078 Industries E, 1600511.13 m N 164 Metallurgical 17 254947.59 m 164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078 Industries E, 1600444.97 m N 165 Metallurgical 17 254842.81 m 164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078 Industries E,

Page 207 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

1600414.41 m N

166 Metallurgical 17.23 254990.90 m 164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078 Industries E, 1600372.63 m N 167 Metallurgical 17 254868.83 m 164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078 Industries E, 1600330.14 m N 168 Metallurgical 17 254832.93 m 164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078 Industries E, 1600264.74 m N 169 Metallurgical 17 254784.66 m 164 60 10.70118 18 0.3 7 0.005 0.00706 0.078 Industries E, 1600291.21 m N 170 Industrial 15.21 255554.64 m 146 180 27.31617 18 0.5 8.2 0.01 0.018021 0.2 carbon E, 1600276.06 m N 171 Industrial 15.21 255390.00 m 146 180 27.31617 18 0.5 8.2 0.01 0.018021 0.2 carbon E, 1600181.00 m N 172 Industrial 15.21 255257.08 m 146 180 27.31617 18 0.5 8.2 0.01 0.018021 0.2 carbon E, 1600104.52 m N

Page 208 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

173 Industrial 15.21 255381.19 m 146 180 27.31617 18 0.5 8.2 0.01 0.018021 0.2 carbon E, 1600023.43 m N 174 Industrial 15.21 255335.37 m 146 180 27.31617 18 0.5 8.2 0.01 0.018021 0.2 carbon E, 1599996.43 m N 175 Carbon Black 62.233333 255760.52 m 146 300 45.33921 22 0.5 8.2 0.016 0.029911 0.33 E, 1600159.47 m N 176 Carbon Black 62.233333 255646.38 m 146 300 45.33921 22 0.5 8.2 0.016 0.029911 0.33 E, 1600033.80 m N 177 Carbon Black 62.233333 255584.38 m 146 300 45.33921 22 0.5 8.2 0.016 0.029911 0.33 E, 1600147.95 m N 178 Steel rerolling 5 255527.00 m 152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1600210.00 m N 179 Steel rerolling 5.2 254514.89 m 152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1604162.00 m N 180 Steel rerolling 5 254283.42 m 152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E,

Page 209 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

1604123.83 m N

181 Steel rerolling 5 253541.29 m 152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1604116.17 m N 182 Steel rerolling 5 253875.47 m 152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1603939.98 m N 183 Steel rerolling 5 253253.64 m 152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1603972.22 m N 184 Steel rerolling 5 253559.62 m 152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1603845.74 m N 185 Steel rerolling 5 253287.59 m 152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1603838.94 m N 186 Steel rerolling 5 253295.81 m 152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1603726.44 m N 187 Steel rerolling 5 253934.92 m 152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1603662.54 m N

Page 210 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

188 Steel rerolling 5 253532.25 m 152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1603631.58 m N 189 Steel rerolling 5 253004.37 m 152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1603697.86 m N 190 Steel rerolling 5 252950.66 m 152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1603634.16 m N 191 Steel rerolling 5 253177.00 m 152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1603644.44 m N 192 Steel rerolling 5 253103.06 m 152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1603603.11 m N 193 Steel rerolling 5 253103.02 m 152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1603749.34 m N 194 Steel rerolling 5 253065.59 m 152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1603504.54 m N 195 Steel rerolling 5 253431.77 m 152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E,

Page 211 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

1603544.53 m N

196 Steel rerolling 5 253338.15 m 152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1603613.14 m N 197 Steel rerolling 5 253313.29 m 152 30 6.75864 15 0.3 6 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1603523.38 m N 198 R and D units 10.774 255960.71 m 143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1604945.60 m N 199 R and D units 10.774 255731.40 m 143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1604872.69 m N 200 R and D units 10.774 255773.74 m 143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1605179.08 m N 201 R and D units 10.774 255688.13 m 143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1605060.55 m N 202 R and D units 10.774 255479.66 m 143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1605201.03 m N

Page 212 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

203 R and D units 10.774 255183.33 m 143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1604841.51 m N 204 R and D units 10.774 255070.47 m 143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1604971.73 m N 205 R and D units 10.774 255461.66 m 143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1604936.52 m N 206 R and D units 10.774 255454.90 m 143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1604711.73 m N 207 R and D units 10.774 255903.50 m 143 30 6.75864 15 0.4 7 0.0025 0.004459 0.039 E, 1604732.41 m N 208 Cement 58.59 255914.00 m 156 300 45.33921 25 0.2 5.6 0.016 0.029911 0.33 Manufacturing E, 1600631.00 m N 209 Cement 58.59 256151.00 m 156 300 45.33921 25 0.2 5.6 0.016 0.029911 0.33 Manufacturing E, 1600478.00 m N 210 Petrochemical 54.2 253951.01 m 159 180 27.31617 25 0.5 8.9 0.01 0.018021 0.2 based E,

Page 213 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

processing 1604895.99 m N

211 Petrochemical 54 254041.30 m 159 180 27.31617 25 0.5 8.9 0.01 0.018021 0.2 based E, processing 1604727.28 m N 212 Petrochemical 54 253602.78 m 159 180 27.31617 25 0.5 8.9 0.01 0.018021 0.2 based E, processing 1604694.50 m N 213 Petrochemical 54 253674.71 m 159 180 27.31617 25 0.5 8.9 0.01 0.018021 0.2 based E, processing 1604585.72 m N 214 Petrochemical 54 253986.80 m 159 180 27.31617 25 0.5 8.9 0.01 0.018021 0.2 based E, processing 1604536.70 m N 215 CETP 19.61 255306.00 m 126 150 23.65524 18 0.15 5 0.008 0.015606 0.16 E, 1605745.00 m N 216 CETP 19.61 253429.36 m 126 150 23.65524 18 0.15 5 0.008 0.015606 0.16 E, 1604841.18 m N 217 CETP 19.61 257611.00 m 126 150 23.65524 18 0.15 5 0.008 0.015606 0.16 E, 1598903.00 m N

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S.No Industry Area Coordinates Temp DG Fuel Stack Stack velocity PM SO2 NOx Type (Acres) (oc) Capacity consumption Height dia (m/s) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) in KW (Kg/h) (m) (m)

218 CETP 19.61 256075.66 m 126 150 23.65524 18 0.15 5 0.008 0.015606 0.16 E, 1600763.91 m N 219 TSDF 83.42 253429.36 m 131 60 23.65524 18 0.15 5 0.008 0.015606 0.16 E, 1604841.18 m N

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Figure 4-6 SOX emissions from proposed DG stacks

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Figure 4-7 NOX emissions from proposed DG Stacks

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Figure 4-8 PM Emissions from proposed DG Stacks

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Table 4-5 worst case Predicted GLC for proposed utility stacks Parameters Baseline Estimated Predicted NAAQ Direction data Maximum Maximum standard (µg/m3) Incremental GLC (µg/m3) g/m3 (Max Concentration (24hrly) conc) (µg/m3) PM 58.22 30 88.22 100 NW

SO2 15.68 60 75.68 80 NW

NOX 28.81 8 36.81 80 NW

Table 4-6 Worst case Predicted GLC for proposed DG stacks

Parameters Baseline Estimated Predicted NAAQ Direction data Maximum Maximum standard (µg/m3) Incremental GLC (µg/m3) g/m3 Concentration (24hrly) (Max (µg/m3) conc)

PM10 58.22 0.2 58.42 100 NW

SO2 15.68 0.4 16.08 80 NW

NOX 28.81 4 32.81 80 NW

Table 4-7 Worst case Combined GLC for Utility and DG stacks Estimated Baseline Combined Maximum Estimated NAAQ data Maximum Predicted Incremental standard Parameters (µg/m3) Incremental Maximum Direction Concentration Concentration g/m3 (Max due to DG GLC due to utility 3 (24hrly) conc) stacks(µg/m ) (µg/m3) stacks (µg/m3)

PM10 58.22 30 0.20 88.42 100 NW

SO2 15.68 60 0.40 76.08 80 NW

NOX 28.81 8 4.00 40.81 80 NW As seen from the above table the concentration levels arising from the proposed project are well within the NAAQ Standards. However, individual industries will propose control measure to reduce the emission levels.

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4.4.2 Noise environment Noise pollution is caused due to the various activities which involves the vehicular movement, D.G sets etc. 4.4.3 Water Environment During the operation phase water requirement will be met from Adinimayapalli Reservoir. Hence there will not be any abstraction of ground water in the project site. Disposal of domestic wastewater generated may also affect the quality of groundwater in the project site. Impacts due to effluent generation from the proposed industries will also affect the water quality. The industry wise water pollution load is given in Table 4-8.

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Table 4-8 Industry wise Pollution load

Proces Domestic Process Water Pollution Load Domestic s S.N Manpow water water Industry wastewat Waste o er requireme Requireme er (KLD) water TDS nt (KLD) nt (KLD) BOD COD TSS (KLD) pH Kg/da Kg/day Kg/day Kg/day y Synthetic Organic Chemicals 6.5 - 1 1000 60 2500 54 1750 5250 14000 2625 3500 (Pharma) 7.5 5.5 - 2 Paint Industry 300 18 1000 16 800 320 1600 240 1200 6.5 5.5 - 3 Dyes & Intermediates 500 30 4000 27 3200 1280 6400 960 4800 6.5 Petrochemical based 6.5 - 4 600 36 7500 32.4 5250 15750 42000 7875 10500 processing 7.5 6.5 - 5 R & D Units 100 6 250 5.5 200 80 400 60 300 7.5 5.5 - 6 Textile 100 6 2500 5.5 2250 900 4500 675 3375 8.5 6.5 - 7 Food Processing 100 6 600 5.5 300 900 2400 450 600 7.5 7.5 - 8 Soft drinks 100 6 600 5.5 300 120 600 90 450 8.5 6.5 - 9 Milk Chilling and Diary 250 15 2000 13.5 1600 4800 12800 2400 3200 7.5 6.0 - 10 Agro based units 150 9 225 8 202 80 400 60 300 8.0 7.5 - 11 Glass Manufacturing 500 30 1000 27 800 320 1600 240 1200 8.5 6.5 - 12 Automobile Parts 200 12 100 11 80 30 160 24 120 7.5 6.5 - 13 Electrical Machinery Parts 200 12 100 11 80 30 160 24 120 7.5 14 Garments 500 30 27 7.5 - 15 Gems & Jewellery 200 12 300 10.5 270 110 540 81 405 8.5 Page 221 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

6.0 - 16 Industrial Carbon 100 6 500 5.5 350 140 700 105 525 8.0 7.5 - 17 Carbon Black 300 18 6000 16.2 4200 1680 8400 1260 6300 8.5 6.0 - 18 Metallurgical Industries 500 30 2500 27 2000 800 4000 600 3000 8.0 6.0 - 19 Cement Manufacturing 200 12 1000 11 700 280 1400 210 1050 8.0 5.5 - 20 Lead Acid batteries 150 9 1000 8 800 320 1600 240 1200 6.5 6.5 - 21 Steel rerolling 400 24 400 21.5 320 130 640 100 480 7.5 7.5 - 22 TSDF Facility 50 3 15 2.7 13.5 5 30 5 20 8.5 Waste Oil / drums processing 5.5 - 23 50 3 100 2.5 90 35 180 30 135 units 8.5 5.5 - 24 Solvent recovery units 50 3 75 2.5 68 30 140 20 102 8.5 5.5 - 25 CETP 50 3 40 2.5 32 15 70 10 48 8.5 Industrial gases / Isolated 5.5 - 26 100 6 50 5.4 45 20 90 15 68 Storage 8.5 5.5 - 27 Lubricating oils 250 15 375 13.5 337 135 680 100 506 8.5 26037. 5.5 - Total 7000 420 34730 377.70 33560 105490 18499 43504 5 8.5

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4.4.4 Land Environment Dumping of municipal solid waste & industrial waste on the land will affect the soil quality. Poor garbage management would lead to unsanitary conditions including vermin and fly infestation and odors as well as unsightly conditions.Spillage of waste oil from the D.G set may also have an impact on soil quality. 4.4.5 Biological Environment

The impact on terrestrial ecology will be due to emission of gaseous pollutants like NOX, SO2 and Hydrocarbons. The gaseous pollutants at a very low dose act as atmospheric fertilizer for the vegetation. However, at higher doses, they are injurious to vegetation. The release of effluent and sewage, dumping of solid and hazardous waste will also affect the ecology of the region. 4.4.6 Socio Economic Environment The proposed project would provide employment opportunities and improved working conditions for the workers employed at the facility both during construction and operation phase. The project will increase the economic activities around the area. The proposed project would enhance the existing infrastructure in the area by providing a cleaner and greener environment. The negative effects due to the proposed project are given below  During the operation stage of the project the healthcare workers may come in contact with the infected and contaminated instruments and needles.  Community Health Risk to Improper waste management. 4.4.7 Traffic Impact Assessment Approach road to the site is Kadapa –Pulivendrula Road. Photograph of existing road is given in Figure 4-9. Existing traffic on the road is given in Table 4-9.

Figure 4-9 Existing four lane Kadapa –Pulivendrula Road

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Table 4-9 Existing vehicles for the project along Pulivendrula – Kadapa Road S.No. Type of Vehicle Existing/ hr 1 Tankers 1-2 2 Trucks 10-15 3 Tractors 2-3 4 Bus 10-15 5 Cars 20-30 6 2 Wheelers 50-60 7 3 wheeler (auto) 10-15 The vehicular movement based on the industry for the entire Industrial Park during full operation is given inTable 4-10.

Table 4-10 Proposed vehicular movement after establishment of Industrial Park App. Area Man 2 3 S.No Industry type No of Cars Trucks Buses Acres power wheelers wheeler units 1 Synthetic 194.85 5 1000 100 300 25 20 Organic chemicals (Pharma) 2 Paint Industry 194.32 5 300 50 100 15 5

3 Dyes and 182.18 10 500 15 100 10 3 Intermediates 4 Petrochemical 270 5 600 100 200 25 10 based processing 5 R and D units 107.74 10 100 5 25 0 2 6 Textile 82.43 5 100 5 50 10 0 7 Food 110 6 100 5 50 15 0 processing 8 Soft drinks 100.35 6 100 5 25 15 2 9 Milk chilling 125.38 10 250 10 50 20 5 and Diary 10 Agro based 141.72 15 150 5 50 30 0 units 11 Glass 150.36 2 500 15 75 10 10 Manufacturing

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App. Area Man 2 3 S.No Industry type No of Cars Trucks Buses Acres power wheelers wheeler units 12 Automobile 120.88 10 200 5 100 10 0 parts 13 Electrical 72.33 10 200 5 100 10 0 machinery parts 15 Garments 64.85 10 500 10 100 15 5 16 Gems and 116.75 20 200 10 100 0 5 jewellery 17 Industrial 76.05 5 100 4 25 15 3 carbon 18 Carbon Black 186.7 3 300 15 75 25 5 19 Metallurgical 170 10 500 5 100 25 10 Industries 20 Cement 117.19 2 200 4 75 15 2 Manufacturing 21 Lead acid 100.84 5 150 5 50 10 10 batteries 22 Steel rerolling 100 20 400 5 50 10 5 23 TSDF Facility 83.42 1 50 2 10 5 1 24 Waste oil/ 55.4 5 50 3 20 10 0 drums processing units 25 Solvent 54.56 5 50 3 20 10 0 recovery units 26 CETP 78.45 4 50 5 10 1 0 27 Industrial 115.51 5 100 10 25 10 3 gases/ Isolated storage 28 Lubricating oils 50.09 25 250 5 50 3 0 Total 3222.35 219 7000 411 1935 349 106 55

The vehicular movement per hour between 8.00 AM -9.00 AM alongPulivendrula –Kadapa Road is given in Table 4-11.

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Table 4-11Proposed Vehicular movement per hour Total PCU Total PCU Existing Proposed vehicles after S.No Type of Existin Propose Factor after project vehicles vehicles/h project . Vehicle g PCU d PCU s IRC implemetatio / hr r implemetatio (SP 41) n n 1 Cars 25 25 250 250 275 1 275 2 2 60 30 900 450 960 0.5 480 wheelers 3 3 Wheeler 15 18 55 66 70 1.2 84 4 Tempo 10 14 100 140 110 1.4 154 5 Buses 15 33 70 154 85 2.2 187 6 Truck/Lorr 15 33 150 330 165 2.2 363 y 7 Tanker 2 8 10 40 12 4 48 8 Tractor 3 12 15 60 18 4 72 Total 145 173 1550 1490 1695 1663 Based on the traffic proposed for the Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, the expected LOS due to the project is given inTable 4-12.

Table 4-12Traffic Volume after implementation of the project

For the Existing Volume of Traffic V C LOS Classification Road V/C Ratio

Existing 173 173 3600 0.05 “A” Free Flow Traffic Proposed 173 + 1490 1695 3600 0.46 “A” Free Flow Traffic Due to the proposed project, the traffic flow during peak hour will be free. There will not be any traffic congestion on the State Highway due to the proposed project.

4.4.8 Impact on Air Quality due to Vehicular Movement The number of vehicles plying on road during the operation phase is estimated and accordingly emissions were calculated as given in Table 4-13. BS IV Emission factors for different vehicles are considered from ARAI and Diesel.netis considered for this estimation.

Table 4-13 Emission Estimates due to Vehicular Emissions S. Type of Average speed Emission Rate (g/s) No of Vehicles. No Vehicle of Vehicle PM NOx

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(Km/Hr) 1 2-Wheeler 30 1935 1.6125 13.061 2 3-Wheeler 30 54 0.038 0.18 3 4-Wheeler 30 411 0.129 1.507 Trucks and 4 30 455 0.1787 9.1716 Buses

Air dispersion modeling was carried out for vehicular sources using AERMOD and the ground level concentrations plots were generated for Particulate matter given in Figure 4-10 and NOx given in Figure 4-11and the results were shown below.

Figure 4-10Ground level concentrations of PM for vehicular sources

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Figure 4-11Ground level concentrations of NOx for vehicular sources Conclusion From the above figure it can be observed that due to the movement of the predicted number of vehicles (Total 2855 no.) the maximum concentration observed for particulate matter PM 3 3 is 9 µg/m and NOxis 18.1µg/m . From this it can be concluded that due to these vehicular movement the impact of increase in ground level concentrations of PM and NOx are minimum and well within the CPCB standards.

4.5 Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase

The mitigation measures for Ambient Air, Groundwater, Soil, Noise and Ecology of the surrounding environment during the Operation phase are discussed below: 4.5.1 Ambient Air Quality  Development of Green belt with specific species will help in reduce the PM levels to be carried out.  Informatory sign will be provided to encourage vehicle owners to maintain their vehicle and follow the emission standards fixed by Government Authorities. Boilers

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 All boilers will be provided with APC measures of Multicyclone & Bag Filters then routed to stack calculated as per MoEF&CC guidelines.  Online Analyzers to be mounted for continuous monitoring as per CPCB Guidelines. DG Sets  All DG sets will be provided with stack & Acoustic measures as per CPCB Guidelines.  Use of low sulphur diesel will minimize the emissions from D.G set.  Location of DG sets and other emission generating equipment will be decided keeping in view the predominant wind direction so that emissions do not effect nearby residential areas. Process Units  All Process units in the plant will be provided with APC measures of Suitable Wet Double Stage Scrubbers with Acid & Alkali Provision followed by Dry Scrubber with Activated Carbon media then routed to stack calculated as per MoEF&CC guidelines or good Engineering practices with clear provision of facilitating maximum dispersion.  Wet Scrubber circulation water has to be routed to Effluent stream for further treatment.  Online Analyzers will be mounted for continuous monitoring as per CPCB Guidelines. 4.5.2 Noise Environment  Proper maintenance of the vehicles and record keeping will reduce the noise levels.  The noise produced by the D.G sets will be minimized by providing proper acoustic enclosures and isolating the D.G set at the receiver’s end. 4.5.3 Water Environment  Efficient Rainwater Management Plan will be adopted to reduce the impact due to surface runoff.  Two numbers of Common STP each of capacity 200 KLD and 300 KLD are proposed to treat the sewage generated from the Industrial Park. The treated sewage will be used for green belt development.  Four numbers of Common Effluent Treatment Plant each of capacity 2000 KLD, 2500KLD, 10000 KLD and 12000KLD are proposed and the treated effluent will be used in process/ utility within the park.

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 Zero liquid discharge concept is proposed Control Philosophy for pollutants Excursion  If any industry will give shock loads COD more than 6000mg/l or BOD more than 1200mg/l this will be controlled by implementing Online TOC meters at each industries outlet.  The TOC analyzers will control and incase of higher values it will re-circulate back into the industries guard ponds.  The above will ensure Normal working of CETP’s

Table 4-14 Summary of findings Impact Description Summary of findings Biophysical Environment Topography Although permanent disturbance to the topography will occur, appropriate mitigation measures like storm water drains and rainwater harvesting pits will be implemented to minimise the impact. Soil, Land Use and Capability Land use of the site will be changed to industrial. Presently most part of the site is barren land with some shrubs. Hence no agricultural land is involved for the project. Infrastructure facilities are proposed for development of Industrial Park. Vegetation Collectively the site is a barren land with sparse bushes and some palm trees. The bushes will be removed but to the maximum the trees will be kept as such. Further green belt will be developed using native plant species. River/ Water bodies There are 8 water tanks located within the site The establishment of a storm water management system will ensure that all surface water runoff from the site is appropriately directed to the existing water tanks at site. Water consumption will be limited by installing water saving taps and dual flushing toilet systems. Water consumption will be reduced by collecting and utilising rain water for gardening purposes. Apart from this CSTP and CETP are proposed to treat the wastewater generated from site and to avoid contamination of surface / ground water. Reuse of treated sewage for green belt and treated effluent in utility is also proposed. Air Quality and Noise The release of dust into the atmosphere during construction activities was identified as a finding for air quality. The site will be barricaded and water sprinkling will be done. During construction activities, noise will be generated by vehicles, equipment and building activities, but will be mitigated by using proper signage boards, good quality equipments and using PPEs by workers.

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Impact Description Summary of findings Visual Aspects The surrounding areas could experience potential visual impacts. The design of the development will be line with the aesthetics of the surrounding environment. Urban Design and building guidelines will be provided for new commercial, mixed use and industrial development. Waste The potential waste streams for the project were identified as domestic, hazardous, building and sewage waste. The impact of the waste streams would be minimized by the rigorous mitigation measures that have been developed and the liquid waste will be treated separately in CETP/ CSTP. Municipal Solid wastes will be composed at site and used as manure. Hazardous wastes will be sent to TSDF facility. Odour Odours from chemical toilets on site for construction staff will be minimized by ensuring that the toilets are cleaned and maintained properly. Spillage and incidents There is a potential for spillages, incidents, fires and explosions due to the construction activities. Procedures and specific mitigation measures would need to be drawn up to minimise and/or eliminate the possibility of contaminating the soil, surface and groundwater environments and ensure the protection of the employees working at site. Socio-Economic Environment Employment The project has the potential to provide employment for local contractors. The Industrial Park development will generate6000 to 7000 as direct jobs and 25,000 to 30,000indirect jobs. Population Changes There should be minimum changes to the population dynamics of the area asit is recommended that all labour for the project is sourced locally. Security and Social During the construction phase there is a possibility of social ills such as crime, the spread of HIV/AIDS etc. To prevent the manifestation of these problems suitable mitigation will be put in place. Traffic Due to construction activities there is a possibility of disruptions to traffic flow in the area. With the establishment of the development there will be increased pressure on the existing road network. To alleviate the pressure, the road network improvements would be made for free movement of vehicles. Safety The safety of the public and construction staff would be maintained with adequate safety measures are implemented Housing It needs to be ensured that the development captures the

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Impact Description Summary of findings housing demand in the area. Energy Consumption With the consumption of energy it has been recommended that renewable and or alternative energy sources (where possible and practical and sustainable) be outlined in the conditions of establishment and encouraged to be utilised by the contractors. 4.6 Impact Assessment

A number of techniques are available for the assessment of impacts. Each of these techniques has their own advantages and disadvantages. The selection of any of these techniques for any particular project depends largely upon the choice of judgment of the analysis. The technique chosen should be comprehensive, easy to understand, systematic and flexible. Considering these criteria, for this project, the matrix method was used, with an impact scale of -4 to + 4. 4.6.1 Matrix method Impact identification and assessment of the site can be assessed by the matrix method, popularly known as Leopold matrix method, which is a universal tool for the EIA studies. The matrix used for the EIA consists of project activities on the x-axis and the environmental components likely to be affected by these activities on the y-axis. Each cell of the matrix represents a subjective evaluation of the impact of the particular components, in terms of magnitude importance. A blank cell indicates no impact of the activity on the component. The magnitude (m) is represented by a number from 1-4 where,

1= Minimal

2= Appreciable

3= Significant

4= Severe

A positive sign indicates a beneficial impact and the negative sign indicates an adverse impact. The importance (w) of the impact is given on a scale of 1-4 in each cell. This number indicates the relative importance of the impact of the activity on the concerned component for this project. The magnitude and importance are multiplied to give a score for each cell (mijwij). The scores of individual cells in each row are added to determine the total impact of all project activities on each component. Similarly, the scores in individual cells in each row are added to determine the total impact of each activity on all the environmental components likely to be affected. The grand total of all cells indicate the total project impact. This can be represented by the following equation:

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Total project impact= mijwij

Where mij = (positive or negative) magnitude of the jth activity on the ith environmental component and wij = importance of the jth activity on the ith environmental component Since both m and n vary from 1-4 the total score in each cell can theoretically vary between - 16 and +16, therefore the total project impact can vary between (-16*total number of cells in the matrix) and (16*total number of cells in the matrix), to compare scores from the matrices containing different number of cells, the total project score can be normalized to a scale of 100 as follows:

Total project impact

Total project impact = ------* 100

16 * Total number of cells in matrix

On the scale, the overall impact can be classified as follows:

Table 4-15Overall Impact Classification Total project impact (Scale of 100) Magnitude

-100 to –75 Severely adverse -75 to –50 Significantly adverse -50 to -25 Appreciably adverse -25 to -16 Minimally adverse -15 to -6 Low Adverse Impact -5 to 0 Extremely low adverse impact 0 to 25 Minimally beneficial 25 to 50 Appreciably beneficial 50to 75 Significantly beneficial 75 to 100 Highly beneficial 4.6.2 Alternative Scenarios Impact score for the project was calculated for three scenarios using the matrix method described above. Matrices were prepared to represent each of these scenarios: a) Scenario 1 - No Project This scenario considers that there is no industry takes place in the area. The existing activities in the area and the consequent secondary growth were also considered in evaluating the impact in this “No project” scenario.

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Table 4-16 No-Project Scenario Environmental Activities likely to affect Environmental Components Components likely to be Construction Process Solid/Hazardous Impacts on affected Activities waste components Air Quality Magnitude 0 -1 -1 -6 Importance 3 3 3 Noise and Magnitude 0 -1 -1 -6 Vibration Importance 3 3 3 Surface Magnitude 0 0 0 0 water quality Importance 4 4 4 Ground Magnitude 0 0 0 0 water quality Importance 4 4 4 Water Magnitude 0 -2 0 -8 Resources Importance 4 4 4 Soil Quality Magnitude 0 0 -1 -3 Importance 3 3 3 Flora and Magnitude 0 0 0 0 Fauna Importance 2 2 2 Land use Magnitude 0 0 0 0 Pattern Importance 4 4 4 Employment Magnitude 0 0 0 0 Importance 4 4 4 Total impact of activity -23 Total impact of activity on a scale of 100 -5.3 The total project impact for this scenario was found to be –5.3, which is extremely low adverse impact. b) Scenario 2 - Project without EMP Proposed industrial park takes place without any Environmental Management measures.

Table 4-17Project Scenarios without EMP Environmental Activities likely to affect Environmental Components Components likely to be Construction Process Solid/Hazardous Impacts on affected Activities waste components

Air Quality Magnitude -2 -3 -3 -24

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Environmental Activities likely to affect Environmental Components Components likely to be Construction Process Solid/Hazardous Impacts on affected Activities waste components

Importance 3 3 3 Noise and Magnitude 2 2 1 15 Vibration Importance 3 3 3 Surface Magnitude -3 -3 -1 -28 water quality Importance 4 4 4 Ground Magnitude -2 -3 -4 -36 water quality Importance 4 4 4 Water Magnitude 0 -2 0 -8 Resources Importance 4 4 4 Soil Quality Magnitude -2 -2 -3 -21 Importance 3 3 3 Flora and Magnitude -1 0 0 -2 Fauna Importance 2 2 2 Land use Magnitude 0 0 0 0 Pattern Importance 4 4 4 Employment Magnitude 2 1 1 16 Importance 4 4 4 Total impact of activity -88 Total impact of activity on a scale of 100 -20.37 The total project impact for this scenario was found to be –20.37, which is minimally adverse impact. c) Scenario 3 - Project with EMP Proposed industrial park takes place with proper Environmental Management measures. Table 4-18 Project with EMP Environmental Activities likely to affect Environmental Components Components likely to be affected Construction Process Solid/Hazardou Impacts on Activities s waste component Management s Air Quality Magnitude -1 -2 -1 -12 Importance 3 3 3

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Environmental Activities likely to affect Environmental Components Components likely to be affected Construction Process Solid/Hazardou Impacts on Activities s waste component Management s Noise and Magnitude -1 -1 0 -6 Vibration Importance 3 3 3 Surface Magnitude 1 1 1 12 water quality Importance 4 4 4 Ground Magnitude 1 1 1 12 water quality Importance 4 4 4 Water Magnitude -1 -3 0 -16 Resources Importance 4 4 4 Soil Quality Magnitude -1 0 -1 -6 Importance 3 3 3 Flora and Magnitude 1 1 1 3 Fauna Importance 1 1 1 Landscape Magnitude 1 1 2 16 Importance 4 4 4 Employment Magnitude 3 4 3 40 & socio Importance 4 4 4 economics Total impact of activity 43 Total impact of activity on a scale of 100 5

There is minimally adverse impact on Air, water, soil & noise quality. However due to the employment activities proposed by the proponent the cumulative impact for this scenario is found to be 5, which is beneficial to the Environment. The main objective of the proposed project is to bring the economically viable production of industries and use it beneficially.

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CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

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5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY AND SITE) 5.1 Introduction

This chapter presents a comparative analysis of various alternatives considered to avoid or minimize the impacts that would be inevitable in technically advanced processes. Screening procedure for the alternatives considered is discussed in the following sections. The consideration of alternatives to a proposal is a requirement of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report. Alternative site selection has involved some analysis methods. Different criteria’s are used and followed to select the alternative site. Finalization of various options such as construction materials, keeping in view of the essential points and environmental safety aspects and well connectivity to Railway network, Road network, Airport and Seaport are considered. The alternative site selections with mitigation measures and without mitigation measures are calculated and analyzed before choosing the proposed site alternatives. The objective of this chapter is to highlight some of the salient issues considered for exercising the alternative options.

5.2 History and Background of site selection

The proposed site and the land had been acquired in the year 2014 under APIIC. Clearance from MoEF&CC is required for further development of the site.

5.3 Site Selection

There is no alternative site examined. Because APIIC has already finalized the areas and the Mega Industrial Park is located adjacent to the state highway and railway. Availability of airport is additional added advantages for the business and socio economic development and improvement for the district. The proposed site at Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram, Thollaganganapalli, Ambavaram and Rampathadu has been finalized by Government of Andhra Pradesh. The site finalization is based on the following parameters:

a) Greater master plan prepared for the proposed mega industrial park. b) External connectivity to rail, road, power, water and other infrastructures. c) Skilled man power available in Kadapa district. Thus the selection of the site is justified.

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5.4 Alternative: Prepare the site on an as – need basis

Under this alternative, the Government of Andhra would retain the land such time as industries desiring to locate on the site have been identified.

5.5 Project Alternatives

The site with an area of 6553.04 Acres is proposed for development of Industrial Park where various industries will be set up. There is no alternative considered for this project.

5.6 Current Proposal

As the proposed Mega Industrial Park, the land identified for industrial unit by APIIC, there is no alternative sites analysed as stated in section 5.3. However based on the current set up the following are the advantages of the site: • 100% Land is under possession of APIIC • No R&R Issues since the land is under possession of APIIC • Site is well connected by road, rail and airway • Nearest Highway Located at ~10km distance connecting NH-18 and SH-31 • Location of Adinimmayapalli reservoir at a distance of 8.2 Km which is proposed as water source. • Government Order to provide water supply for the proposed Mega Industrial Park. Moreover this is now identified as one of the very biggest industrial park in Kadapa. This Industrial Park is a focused area for major development and also for future investment.

5.7 Result of the Analysis

The current site is an earmarked mega industrial park by APIIC. Therefore no further site analysis has been carried out under this EIA.

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CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

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6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

6.1 Introduction

In this chapter, environmental monitoring programme for the proposed Mega Industrial Park (MIP) is formulated. Environmental Monitoring Programme is an important component during environmental management of the project. The mechanism to implement the planned mitigation and monitoring measures during all stages of the project is discussed in Chapter 9. The project management especially the Environmental Management Cell (EMC) (described in Chapter 9) will always go for a rational approach with regard to environmental monitoring. This includes judicious decision making in consultation with institutional stakeholders (e.g. Andhra Pradesh State Pollution Control Board (APPCB) or reputed environmental consultants for appropriate changes in the monitoring strategy, i.e., changes in the sampling frequency, sampling location, monitoring parameters and any new/additional requirements. Considering the water resources system for irrigation and drinking water, any contamination of the surface water could endanger the portability of drinking water. Therefore it is for the best interest of the project that a workable institutional mechanism for environmental monitoring especially to preserve and conserve the surface water and groundwater component in this region from industrial contamination. Referring to the baseline details in Chapter 3, water resources in PIA has as many as 42 water bodies all non-perennial and acting as recharge sites for the groundwater. Groundwater being the most important poor man’s resources the protection of this system from contamination is the responsibility of the APIIC and GoAP. Therefore, environmental monitoring is proposed with higher number of water quality monitoring station in an industrial park within an area of few square kilometres within MIP. The following are the main objectives of the environmental monitoring program:  Provide information for documentation of monitoring of mitigation measures and impacts.  Tool for the statutory authority of unanticipated adverse impacts or sudden changes in the environmental condition due to the proposed project.  Provides information that could be used for evaluating the effectiveness of implemented mitigation measures.  Provides information that could be used to verify predicted impacts and thus validate impact prediction techniques.

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 The efficacy of the mitigation measures being followed during construction and operational phases can be assessed and the measures can be revised, made more stringent and reinforced based on the monitoring results.  Environmental Monitoring can also serve a basic component of a periodic environmental regulatory auditing program for the proposed project.  Coordination with local bodies with regards to solid waste management.  The following programme as detailed in the environmental monitoring programme for construction as well as operation phases shall be implemented by the APIIC authorities. Besides monitoring, the compliances to all environmental clearance conditions and regular permits from APPCB/MoEF&CC shall be monitored and reported periodically. The likely significant impacts and mitigation measures will also be monitored.  The environmental attributes to be monitored during construction and operational phases of the project, specific description along with technical details of environmental monitoring including the monitoring parameters, methodology, sampling locations and frequency of monitoring are presented in Section below.  The environmental monitoring programme proposed to be followed by Kopparthy MIP authority has been formulated in Table 6-1. In addition to this Environmental Monitoring Programme, individual industries shall monitor all environmental parameters such as air quality, noise levels, treated wastewater, water quality, etc., within their industry premises as per the stipulations laid by SEIAA/MoEF&CC/CPCB/APPCB in their respective Environmental Clearance, Consent for Establishment (CFE) and Consent for Operation (CFO).

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Table 6-1 Environmental Monitoring Programme S.No Environmental Parameters to No. of Sampling Frequency Standards Methods for Compliance Attributes be monitored Locations of Sampling & Analysis Monitoring Construction Phase 1 Ambient Air All the 12 Eight Locations Once a Fine Particulate Samplers for National Ambient Air

Quality Parameters as  Kopparthy (site) month during PM10, PM2.5, Respirable Dust Quality Standards given in NAAQs  Thollaganganapalle construction Sampler fitted with Gaseous released during (site) sampling arrangements for November, 2009 is  Ambavaram (site) SO2, NO2, , CO analyser given in Table 1-3  Baligi palli (SE) /portable CO meter for CO.  Putha chinnayapalle (N)  Rampathadu (Site)  Vellatur (SW)  Paidikalva (NW) 2 Noise Levels Day and night Eight Locations Once a Portable hand-held noise level National Ambient noise levels  Kopparthy (site) month meter. Noise Standards is  Thollaganganapalle during given in Table 1-2 (site) construction  Ambavaram(Site)  Baligi palli (SE)  Putha chinnayapalle (N)  Rampathadu (Site)

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S.No Environmental Parameters to No. of Sampling Frequency Standards Methods for Compliance Attributes be monitored Locations of Sampling & Analysis Monitoring  Vellatur (SW)  Paidikalva (NW) 3 Water Quality Physical, Groundwater - 8 Once a Grab sampling and analysis IS10500, 2012 Chemical and Locations month during by using standard methods. drinking water Biological  Kopparthy construction standards for  Thollaganganapalle Groundwater which is In addition to the  Ambavaram given as Annexure - above, Alpha,  Baligi palli 10 Beta emitters  Putha (surface water) chinnayapalle Designated Best Use  Rampathadu Classification of  Vellatur Inland Surface Water of National Rivers  Paidikalva Conservation Surface water - 4 Directorate, Locations MoEF&CC for  Ambavaram Lake Surface Water is  Viswanathapuram given as Annexure - Lake 11  Cherlopalle lake  Utukur lake 4 Soil Soil texture, Eight Locations Once a year Collection and analysis of Baseline data, Soil type, electrical  Kopparthy during samples as per IS 2720 standards by Indian conductivity, pH,  Thollaganganapalle construction Council of Agricultural

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S.No Environmental Parameters to No. of Sampling Frequency Standards Methods for Compliance Attributes be monitored Locations of Sampling & Analysis Monitoring infiltration,  Ambavaram Research, New Delhi porosity, etc.,  Baligi palli is given as Annexure  Putha -12 chinnayapalle  Rampathadu  Vellatur  Paidikalva 4 Meteorology Wind speed, Project Site Hourly IMD/CPCB manual - wind direction, measurement rainfall, during temperature, construction humidity. Operation Phase 1 Ambient Air All 12 Eight locations Twice a week Fine Particulate Samplers for National Ambient Air

Quality Parameters as  Kopparthy PM10, PM2.5, Respirable Dust Quality Standards given in  Thollaganganapalle Sampler fitted with Gaseous released during NAAQS,  Ambavaram sampling arrangements for for November, 2009 Hydrocarbons  Baligi palli SO2 and NO2, O3, CO given in Table 1-3  Putha analyser /portable CO meter chinnayapalle for CO  Rampathadu  Vellatur  Paidikalva

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S.No Environmental Parameters to No. of Sampling Frequency Standards Methods for Compliance Attributes be monitored Locations of Sampling & Analysis Monitoring 2 Noise Levels Day and night Eight Locations Once a Portable hand-held noise level National Ambient noise levels  Kopparthy month meter. Noise Standards,  Thollaganganapalle given in Table 1-2  Ambavaram  Baligi palli  Putha chinnayapalle  Rampathadu  Vellatur  Paidikalva 3 Water Quality Physical, Groundwater – 8 Once a Grab sampling and analysis IS10500, 2012 Chemical and Locations month by using standard methods. drinking water Biological  Kopparthy standards for  Thollaganganapalle Groundwater which is In addition to the  Ambavaram given as Annexure- above, Alpha,  Baligi palli 10 Beta emitters  Putha (surface water) chinnayapalle Designated Best Use  Rampathadu Classification of  Vellatur Inland Surface Water of National Rivers  Paidikalva Conservation Surface water – 4 Directorate, Locations

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S.No Environmental Parameters to No. of Sampling Frequency Standards Methods for Compliance Attributes be monitored Locations of Sampling & Analysis Monitoring  Ambavaram Lake MoEF&CC for  Viswanathapuram Surface Water given Lake as Annexure -11  Cherlopalle lake  Utukur lake 4 Soil Soil texture, Eight (08) Once a Collection and analysis of Baseline data, Soil type, electrical  Kopparthy month samples as per IS 2720 standards by Indian conductivity, pH,  Thollaganganapalle Council of Agricultural infiltration,  Ambavaram Research, New Delhi porosity, etc.,  Baligi palli is given as  Putha Annexure-12 chinnayapalle  Rampathadu  Vellatur  5 Meteorology Wind speed, Project Site Hourly IMD/CPCB manual - wind direction, measurement rainfall, temperature, humidity. 6 Effluent Quality- pH, Temp, Inlet and outlet of 4 Daily Grab sampling and analysis Environment CETP inlet and Conductivity, nos. of CETP by using standard methods. Protection outlet TSS, TDS, Amendment Rules,

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S.No Environmental Parameters to No. of Sampling Frequency Standards Methods for Compliance Attributes be monitored Locations of Sampling & Analysis Monitoring BOD, O&G, 2015 given as Phenolics, Annexure -13 Ammoniacal Nitrogen, O & G 7 Sewage pH, TSS, TDS, inlet and outlet of 2 Daily Grab sampling and analysis Quality- CSTP O&G, BOD, nos. of CSTP by using standard methods. inlet and outlet COD 8 Sewage sludge Heavy metals, Sludge from 2 nos. of Once in a Grab sampling and analysis nutrients, CSTP month by using standard methods. Physicochemical properties Note:

 Apart from this all process units will be provided with online monitors for continuous monitoring of process stacks.

 TOC meter will be provided at each industry outlet for normal working of CETP.

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6.2 Budget for Environmental Monitoring

The budgetary allocation for Environmental Monitoring is detailed in Table 6-2

Table 6-2 Budget for Environmental Monitoring S. Particulars Frequency of No. of Rate per Budget per No monitoring locations sample Year (Rs.) (Rs) 1. Air pollution monitoring Ambient air quality Once a month 8 6000/- 5,76,000/- 2 Meteorology Setting up of Hourly 1 3,00,000/- 3,00,000/- permanent Meteorological Station at site 3. Noise monitoring Day and night time Once in a month 8 500/- 48,000/- noise levels 4. Ground water quality monitoring Water samples from Once a month 8 7000/- 6,72,000/- tube wells/ wells/ bore wells 5. Surface Water Quality Monitoring Water samples from Once a month 4 3,36,000/- lakes/ streams etc 6. Soil Quality monitoring Samples from soil Once a month 8 7000/- 7,68,000/- 7. Effluent Quality Monitoring Inlet and outlet of Daily 4 3000/- 43,80,000/- CETP Inlet and out let of Daily 2 1500/- 10,95,000/- STP 8. Sewage sludge Monitoring Sludge generated Once a month 2 5000/- 1,20,000/- from CSTP Total Budget for Environmental Monitoring 82,95,000/- through external Agency

During construction phase the approximate cost per year for monitoring would be Rs. 27,00,000/-

During operation phase the approximate cost per year for monitoring would be Rs. 82, 95,000/-

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6.3 Monitoring by APIIC

The environmental monitoring shall be carried out by APIIC within the Industrial Park premises. Monitoring guidelines will clearly indicate the conditions of discharge and the consequences with regards to the penal action and the impact to ground water resources of the region. Groundwater is the sole water source for millions of people in the adjoining areas. APIIC should not only limit the environmental monitoring as stated above, environmental monitoring programme in terms of parameters, location and frequency shall be formulated as per the stipulations laid by APPCB/CPCB/MoEF&CC/SEIAA.

6.4 Compliance Reports

As a part of environmental monitoring programme, following compliance reports shall be submitted to APPCB and Regional Office of MoEF&CC.  Half yearly compliance reports in respect of the stipulated prior environmental clearance terms and conditions on June 01 and December 01 of every calendar year  Environmental statement (Form-V) for the financial year ending March 31 to APPCB on or before September 30 every year  Format for maintaining records of hazardous waste if any in Form-3 as per Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary movement) Rules, 2008  Format for maintaining hazardous waste imported and exported in Form-10 as per Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary movement) Rules, 2008  Safety data sheet for hazardous chemicals shall be maintained as per schedule- 9 of MSIHC rules, 1989 (amended 2000)  Format for maintaining notification of major accident in schedule-6 as per MISHC rules, 1989 (amended 2000)  Water Cess returns in Form-1 as per Rule 4 (1) of Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess Rules 1978 on or before the 5th of every calendar month.

6.5 Plantation Monitoring Programme

Environmental Management Cell/team will monitor the following activities of greenbelt and landscape development:

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 Development of nursery (if possible)  Treatment and sowing of seeds  Watering  Transport of seedlings  Planting of seedlings-Fencing of plantation area  Weeding and soil working  Pruning (trimming of plant)  Replacement/Inter planting  Watch and ward of plantation During operation phase periodic monitoring of plantation growth, manuring, watering, pruning, and replacement will be performed in order to properly maintain vegetation, greenbelt, landscape and green cover. It is suggested to plant shrubs or plants with 1 or 2 m height in utility corridor to avoid bird nesting/resting on the plants.

6.6 On-site Mock Drills Requirements

On-site mock drills are very important as it helps employees to be aware of the safety procedures and how to react during the time of crisis. Conducting mock drills at regular intervals enhances preparedness and checks the viability of environmental/disaster management plan. Mock drills are essential for the following reasons:  Helps in revising/improving the environmental/disaster management plan  Helps to evaluate whether the responsible officials are trained efficiently for the unforeseen event  Helps in evaluating whether the emergency equipment are being maintained at MIP premises To ensure efficient environmental/disaster management, APIIC authority/EHS department/EMP cell shall conduct periodic on-site mock drills in case of occurrence of the following activities:  Fire, Natural calamities (cyclones, floods, earthquakes)  Power break down  Oil spill  Bomb threats; War alerts/terrorist attacks Mock drills should also involve fire department, police, municipal authorities, hospitals and other department/agencies that are mandated to provide emergency support. Documenting the outcome of mock drills is an important aspect as this helps in revising the existing plan more

Page 251 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh efficiently. In all safety programmes the right personnel need to be employed and this is of utmost importance.

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CHAPTER-7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

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7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES 7.1 Rehabilitation and Resettlement

As per the land documents enclosed in the Report (Annexure-1), the entire land has been handed to APIIC for development of Industrial park and there is no R and R applicable for the project. The GO stating that R and R is not applicable for Industrial Corridor dated 29/01/2015 is enclosed in Annexure-14.

7.2 Disaster Management

Accident can occurin every industry inspite of efforts to prevent them. Frequently they give rise to suffering and damage, the extent of which is, in part, determined by the potential for loss, surrounding the event. Someof the industries comingup in the Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy have high potential for loss and there have been cases, where loss, measured inboth human and monetary terms, has been severe. It is equally true to say that there have been other cases where, because of effective action taken at the time, the full potential loss has been largely avoided. Effective action, in these cases, has been possible due to the existence of pre-planned and practiced procedures for handling majore mergencies utilizing the combined resources of the industrial concernand outside services.

Section 41-B(4) of the Factories Act, 1948 requires that every occupier of a Hazardous and Non-hazardous factor shall draw up and onsite emergency plan and detailed disaster control measures for the factory and make known to the workers and the general public in the vicinity, the safety measures required to be taken in the event of an emergency takingplace.

7.3 Disaster Management Plan

The individual Industries will have their own disaster management plan. However the generic DMP is been given below:

Despite of all efforts made accidents do occur which need immediate attention.The risks involved in this project have been identified and their mitigation measures have been proposed. But when serious accidents occur & negligence could resultin lossof life the whole thing has tobe handled in a systematic well planned manner. Accordingly following plan of disaster management has been evolved.

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7.3.1 Majoractivities Broadly Disaster ManagementPlanmainlyincludes  Pre- EmergencyPreparedness,  Emergency actions and  Post Emergency activities These activities are aimed at facing any emergency so that at the required time there is no disaster and everything is handled in a very effective manner. a. Pre-emergency preparedness

The activities falling inthis category are carried out in a normal situation without any reference to any particular accident/ hazard. They are of a precautionary nature.These normally included: o Internalsafety o Non-destructivetesting o Firefighting system testing o Mockdrills o Training o Productive equipment o Communication o Emergencylights o Emergency control Room o Assembly points o Liaison with state authorities o Hospital activities o Outside shelters b. Emergency actions

During emergency the staff at various levels is expected to work in coordinated manner with pre-assigned duties to meet the emergency situation and bring normally with the help of the resources available within and outside the premises. Availability and correct use of different means of communication and control is very important during emergency time. Duties of various persons shall be defined properly. c. Post Emergency Procedures

After the emergency is over investigations are required to be made to establish the reasons for emergency and preventative measures needed for future happenings. These activities include: a) Collection of records b) Conducting enquiries Page 255 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

c) Making insurance claims, if any, d) Preparation of enquiry report and suggestion e) Implementation of enquiry report and recommendations f) Rehabilitation of affected persons.

7.3.2 EmergencyPlan This includes following actions a. Site layout

Site plan of the Plant will be kept at a conveniently approachable place. The plan will show the storage site of the various materials along with the details of the surrounding areas. This gives a layout of the Buildings and other facilities like roads, open and work areas etc. b. Emergency control centre

The Control Centre will be established within the premises which will be marked on the site plan. It will be the focal point from where all operations to handle the emergency will be directed and coordinated. It will have internal and external telephone communications along with list of essential telephone numbers and list of key persons and their addresses. c. Assembly point

Assembly area will be earmarked for the people to get together in case of emergency which will be away from material storage. A list of all the employees will be available at this site so that their roll call could be taken and missing person, if any, could be located. d. Emergency alarm system

An audible emergency alarm system will be installed in the premises. It will be operated from at least 4 different points spread over the entire area and clearly marked as “Emergency Area Switch”. The system will be tested regularly. The alarm will signify to the persons & staff that the emergency has occurred and emergency services should be put in operation. The Public Address System will also be activated and specific instructions for eventualities will be passed on to the staff. e. Service & control

a) Emergency Services-This includes Firefighting, FirstAid and rescue teams. Alternative source of power supply for operating fire pumps and communication with local bodies and fire brigade etc shall be given.

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b) ControlCentre-The control centre couldbe either in Security room or Fire Station and shall have:

i) Adequate number of Internal and external telephones. ii) Layout Plan of the colony buildings showing: o Sources of safety equipment. o Fire hydrant system and alternate supply source o Stock of other fire fighting materials o Assembly points & first aid centers. o Surrounding habitation within ½ km distance.

iii) Additional work plans which may illustrateduring emergency o Areas vulnerable / endangered o Deployment of emergency vehicles and personnel o Areas where particular problems arise e.g. fractured pipe-line. o Areas to be evacuated. iv) It would be useful if these plansbe covered with plastic/ glass sheets on which felt ink markings canbe deciphered. v) Normal roll of employees. vi) List of key persons and their addresses with telephone numbers. vii) Notepads, pencils, etc to record messages receivedand instructions to be passed on through runners. viii) A tape recorder on which the incident and actions, being taken and progress could be recorded. ix) Rollcall 7.3.3 Key personnel and their duties Following person’s will be designated for emergency situation a.Site Controller b.Incident Controller c. Personnel/ Administrative Managers d. Communication Officers e.Telephone operator f. E n g i n e e r in charge and Electrician g. Firepump attendants h. First Aid

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Their duties are given as under:-  Site controller

General Manager or his nominated deputy will retain overall responsibility for the premises and its personnel. As soon as he is informed of the emergency, he shall proceed to the control room and meet the communication officer. His duties shall be: i) Assess the magnitude of the situation and decide if people need to be evacuated from their assembly points. ii) Exercise direct operational control over are as other than the sea ffected. iii) Maintain a continuous review of possible development and assess, in consultation with incident Controller and other key personnel, as to whether evacuation of persons is required. iv) Liaise with senior officials of Police, Fire Brigade, Medical and provide advice onpossible effectson areas outside the factory premises. v) Control rehabilitation of affected areas on discontinuation ofemergency. vi) Issue authorized statementsto news media, and ensures that evidenceis preserved for enquiries to be conducted by statutory authorities.  Incident controller Manager or Officer of similar rank nominated will act as Incident Controller. On hearing of an emergency he will rush to the incident point and take overall charge and report to site controller. On arrival he will assess the scale of emergency and decide if major emergency exists or is likely and inform the communication officer accordingly. His duties willbe: i) Direct all operations within the affected area with the priorities forsafetyof personnel minimize damage, property and environment and minimize loss of materials. ii) Pending arrival of Site Controller, assume the duties ofhis post and in particular directthe evacuationofthe persons from areas likely to be adversely affected bythe emergency and iii) Ensurethat all key personnel and outside help is called in. iv) Provide advice and information of the Fire and Security officer and the local Fire Service as and whenthey arrive. v) Ensure that all non-essential workers/ staff of the areas affected are evacuated to the appropriate assembly points and the areas are searched for casualties. vi) In the event of failure of electric supply and thereby PAS and Internal telephones, setup communication point and establish contact with Emergency Control Centre.

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vii) Report on all significant developments to the communication officer. viii) Have regard to the need of preservation of evidence so asto facilitate any enquiry into the causes and circumstances which caused or escalated the emergency.  Personnel / Administrative Manager

Hewill also workas Liaison Officer and will be stationed at the main entrance (GateHouse) during the emergency. He will under the direction of the site controller, handle police, press and other enquiries, receive reports from roll-call leaders from assembly points and passon the absentee information to the incident controller.His responsibilities shall include. i) To ensure that casualties receive adequate attention/ to arrange additional help, if required and inform relatives. ii) To control traffic movements into the premises and ensuring that the alternate transport is available when need arises. iii) When emergency is prolonged, arrange for there life of personnel and organize refreshments / catering facility.  Communication officer

He will, on hearing the alarm, proceed to Control Centre and maintain communication with the Incident Controller. He will:- i) Advise the Site Controller of the situation,recommending (if necessary) evacuation of persons from assembly points. ii) Recruit suitable staff to act as runners between the Incident Controller and himself if the telephone and other system of communication fails due to whatsoever reasons. iii) Maintain prior agreed inventory in the control centre. iv) Maintain a log of the incident on tape. v) In case of prolonged emergency involving risk to outside areas by wind-blown materials – contact local meteorological office to receive early notification of changes in weather conditions.  Telephone operator

On hearing the emergency alarm, he will immediately contact site controller and on his advice call the local Fire Brigade or mutual aid scheme members. In case the PAS, Internal / external telephone system becomes inoperative he shall inform the Communication Officer through a messenger / runner. In case fire is detected and the alarm is not in operation, he shall receive

Page 259 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh information about location from the person who detected the fire and thereafter immediately consult the Incident Controller and make announcement on PAS or telephone telling the residents about location of the incident and to evacuate to their assembly points. He will continue to operate the switch board advising the callers that staffs are not available and pass all calls connected with the incident to the Communication Officer.  Engineer in-charge and electrician

They will report to the scene of the incident and close down the services as requested by the Incident Controller.  Fire – pump attendants

Two persons identified will work as fire-pump attendants. On hearing the fire alarm, they will immediately proceed to pump house to ensure that pumps are operating and stand by to maintain them. At the end of emergency they will be relieved of their duty by the Fire and Security officers.  First aid teams

The Manager shall keep the roll call lists for the Fire and First-aid team on duty. Roll call leaders shall check their rolls as members of the services and report for emergency duty. Names of any unaccounted for absentees will be informed to the Fire and Security Officer. Members of the First – aid teams will report to the Incident Controller on hearing of the alarm and follow his directions.  Factory fire brigade personnel

The duty Fire – Brigade personnel under the command of the Fire and Security Officer shall be responsible for fire fighting and rescue. On hearing the alarm, they shall proceed to the place of incident, if known, otherwise to the Fire station. The men at Fire station shall find out the location of the emergency, the equipment and proceed to the site of occurrence. At the site, all the squad members will respond to the direction given by the Incident Controller.

7.4 Public Hearing

As per the EIA notification 2006 and its subsewquent amendments, Public Hearing (PH) is mandatory for getting Environmental Clearance from MoEF & CC for establishment of Industrial Park. As a ToR point, public hearing was conducted under the Chairmanship of the joint Collector and Additional District Magistrate, assisted by Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board officials on 04-08-2017 at 10 AM at proposed project site of M/s. APIIC Ltd (for development of Industrial

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Park) at Kopparthy (V), Chinthakomma Dinne (M), Yadavapuram, Tollaganganapalli villages of Vallur (M) and Ambavaram, Rampathadu villages of Pendlimarri (M) of YSR District, Andhra Pradesh. APIIC Zonal office, YSRKadapa, issues a paper notification in the news papers of “THE HINDU & EENADU papers on 03-07-2017 is attached in the Figure 7-1. Public Hearing photographs are given in Figure 7-2.

Figure 7-1: Paper Notification in the news papers

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Figure 7-2: Public Hearing Photographs

Major issues discussed were about land compensation, better compensation rates, Employment for land losers and suggesting non- polluting & less odour polluting industreis. The Minutes of Page 262 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Public Hearing is enclosed in Annexure-15. Replies to queries raised by public during Public Hearing are given in Table 7-1.

Table 7-1: Public Hearing Query & Reply

S. No Public Query APIIC Reply 1 Sri C. Janardhan Reddy, R/O Kopparthy Joint collector informed that she would village, while speaking on the occasion verify the records and assured him informed that Govt. has taken over their justice regarding payment made lands of an extent 50 acres for development towards compensation to the acquired of MIP, so far govt have not paid any lands. compensation to their lands stating that the said lands have been classified as dot lands. He also expressed his un-happiness on the amounts paid by the Govt towards compensation i.e, Rs.1,14,000/-for DKT lands and Rs 2.0 Lakh for Patta lands. He finally brought the following suggestions to the notice of public hearing panel. 1) Requested to enhance the compensation to the land losers from Govt. 2) Requested to establish pollution free industries in the Mega Industrial park 2 Sri R.Obul Reddy, r/o Ambavaram village Joint collector informed him that the while speaking on the occasion informed main demand of land compensation that Govt has taken over their lands of an issues will be examined. extent 40 acres belonging to 6 people from their family for development of MIP, so far Govt have not paid any compensation to their lands as the said lands have been classified as dot lands. 3 Sri.Y.Obul Reddy, r/o Thadigotla village, The local people and land oustees will while speaking on the occasion expressed be accorded priority for employment in his un-happiness on payments paid by the the proposed Industrial Park. Secondly, Government towards land compensation. the surrounding villages will be given He requested the management to provide preference in employment also. List of suitable jobs for the land losers and also Industries specified in the EIA report requested to make sure that pollution free only allowed within the MIP. Allotment industries may be established in the Mega also will be done by APIIC as per the list Industrial park. specified in the report. 4 Sri. K. Sivareddy, r/o Diguva Palli village, Joint Collector has informed that, she expressed his un-happiness on non- would verify the record and assured him payment of land compensation by the justice regarding payments towards Government even after repeated requests compensation to the acquired lands made by them. 5 Sri.I.M. Subba Reddy, r/o Thadigotla village, Joint Collector has informed that, she expressed his un-happiness on non would verify the record and assured him payment of land compensation to DKT lands justice regarding payments towards Page 263 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

which were in his enjoyment before the land compensation to the acquired lands acquisition. 6 Sri.K. Lakshmi Narayana Reddy, r/o Joint collector informed him that the Kopparthy village, while speaking on the main demand of land compensation occasion informed that there are 2 irrigation issues will be examined. All industries tanks adjacent to the MIP and requested to established in MIP shall comply the take utmost care to protect this irrigation Environmental Standards stipulated by tanks from pollution problems. He requested Central Pollution Control Board to enhance the compensation to the land (CPCB)/State Pollution Control Board losers and also requested to provide good strictly. No industry is allowed to number of jobs to the local people who lose discharge any water to outside the their lands during land acquisition. factory premises under any circumstances and the wastewater (Effluents) generated from the respective industries will be treated at Zero Liquid Discharge. Thus, existing tanks will be fully protected. 7 Sri.C. Janardhan Reddy, r/o Kopparthy Environmental Consultant of the project village again take the opportunity to speak explained the list of industries and type on the occasion and requested to clarify the of industries, which are proposed in details of individual industrial units to be MIP. established in Kopparthy industrial park. 8 Sri.K. Ashok Kumar Reddy, r/o Kopparthy All industries established in MIP shall village while speaking on the occasion after comply the Environmental Standards verifying the industries with various line of stipulated by Central Pollution Control activities (28 Nos) proposed to establish in Board (CPCB)/State Pollution Control Mega Industrial park and expressed his Board strictly and no industry is allowed apprehensions on the establishment of to discharge any water to outside the some of industries viz., synthetic organic factory premises under any chemicals, paints industry, lead acid circumstances and the wastewater batteries and lubricating oils etc., in (effluents) generate from the respective connection with the pollution problems due industries will be treated at Zero Liquid to the establishment these industries. Discharge (ZLD) system. 9 Sri.R. Viswanatha Reddy, Sarpanch, All industries established in MIP shall Tadigotla village while speaking on the comply the Environmental Standards occasion he requested the management to stipulated by Central Pollution Control establish the industries systematically Board (CPCB)/State Pollution Control without any pollution problems to the water Board strictly and no industry is allowed tanks and also demanded to enhance the to discharge any water to outside the compensation to the land losers. factory premises under any circumstances and the wastewater (effluents) generate from the respective industries will be treated at Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system. 10 Smt.B. Anasuyamma, r/o Ambakam palle, Joint Collector informed, she would requested the government to settle land verify the record and assured her justice compensation issues immediately. regarding compensation to the acquired lands

Page 264 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

CHAPTER 8

PROJECT BENEFITS

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8. PROJECT BENEFITS The location of the project for Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, Kadapa district is strategically developed for industrial progress and rural development. The project has many benefits over negative impacts.

8.1 Economic Development

The district Kadapa is far behind many districts of the state economic achievements. The District Gross Domestic Product is Rs. 21,440 Crores (at current rate- 2012-13) which is better than Srikalulam and Viziayanagarm District, but lower than all other districts of Andhra Pradesh. The State average Gross Domestic Product is Rs. 419,391 Crores. The District Per capita Income is Rs. 66,592 whereas for the State is Rs.76,041 (at Current prices). It is imperative to improve the area (district as well) to compete with other districts of the State in social and economic front. The secondary and tertiary sectors only could stir up the overall developments as we have seen in other parts of the country.

8.2 Employment

The project is expected to provide more jobs, business opportunities etc. The employment generation in the rural areas is inadequate where agriculture activities only existing. There are over 50000 children in the age group of 0-6 in the area. They need to be provided with employment, livelihood opportunities etc when they grow up.

The labors that are semi skilled and unskilled will have the option to work in both industrial and agricultural areas. During the lean season of agriculture, they have opportunity of alternative employment.

8.3 Infrastructure Development

Though the existing road infrastructure is good, it would not be sufficient for growing population, improving agricultural activities. Agriculture products are being perishable; the basic infrastructure is required for transportation. The up gradation of existing road infrastructure and new roads to the remote location are imminent for the industrial developments.

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8.4 Life Style Change

The area is rural with limited facilities like Banking, Communication, and Consumerism etc. The increase in per capita income, necessity and access to modern facilities will make a remarkable change in the lifestyle and attitude of the people. The life style change will occur as Socio economic benefits felt in the society.

8.5 Women Empowerment

New educational infrastructure will be available as the area is becoming industrialized. Gender equality is maintained by girl children will be getting the equal opportunities at par with their counterparts in primary and higher education. Socio economic improvement is endowed with Gender equality, women upliftment, and social justice. The Child sex ratio of the district is abysmally low as 918 (district) as compared to general sex ratios 985(district). All social evils are due to the skewed sex ratio. Socio economic progress by the over-all development in the area will correct the sex ratio imbalance. The social and community intervention is required in this noble cause. Women employment will lead to family economic growth, their health, Child development etc. Women Entrepreneurship: Women education and their financial liberty will create more women entrepreneurs.

8.6 Marketing Agricultural Products

The farmers have opportunities to market their products in the new market without any compromise on the selling price as the less intermediate vendors and demands for the products. Farmers can adapt innovative agriculture practices for meeting local demands and supply.

8.7 Migration

The area has many Unskilled, and Semiskilled labors. Employment provided to the local population will curb in-migration as well as out-migration. Curbing migration will sustain the local population with prosperity.

8.8 Expression of Human Rights

The people in the rural area are marginalized by various reasons. But in the modern industrialized society, people are aware of their rights, Government policies, rules and regulations etc.

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8.9 Skill Development

During the initial period of establishment of industries, they need more skilled and semi skilled labors. The local labors will get the opportunity for getting trained and inducted to the jobs.

8.10 Social Infrastructure

As population and socio economic status increases, social infrastructure like educational institutions and health institutions will be created. Education: The basic facilities will be provided to the primary schools. Higher education and technical institutions will be created. Health: The awareness and the affordability make people to get good modern health facilities. Sanitation: The awareness of potable drinking water, usage of toilets and disposal of solid waste will be forced to adapt due to the developments in the area. The rural area is very poor in these aspects.

8.11 Corporate Social Responsibility

The areas will get more social infrastructure benefits as Corporate Social Responsibility is a mandatory for the industries. Education, Health Care, Women and Child development, Skill training etc will be the main areas for CSR activities.

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CHAPTER 9

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

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9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The Environmental management plan assumed special significance in industries because of the pollution potential especially in terms of Air, Water, Soil, Noise and Solid waste management. This chapter presents an overview of Environmental Management Plan. The main objectives of Environmental Management Plan are to:  Identify key environmental issues envisaged to be encountered during construction and operation phases of the project.  Provide guidelines for appropriate mitigation measures.  Establish systems and procedures for implementing mitigation measures  Ensure that the mitigation measures are being implemented  Monitor the effectiveness of mitigation measures  Institutional framework includes the responsibilities for environmental management as well as responsibility for implementing environmental measures  Take necessary prompt action when unforeseen impacts occur The anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures for each likely impact on the prevailing environment have been discussed in detail at the respective sections in Chapter 4. The Environmental Monitoring Programme for implementation of proposed mitigation measures have been discussed in Chapter 6. Following specific environmental management plan/measures are discussed in this chapter:  Administrative and Technical Setup for Environmental Management  Greenbelt development  Solar power harnessing  Rainwater harvesting  Occupational health and safety  Institutional arrangements/framework for environmental management Summary of project activities, associated impacts and mitigation measures

9.1 Administrative and Technical Setup for Environmental Management

Highly qualified and experienced persons in the field of Environmental Management of similar kind of industry shall be considered for the positions of General Manager (GM) for overall Environmental management for APIIC Limited. Well qualified personnel with minimum

Page 270 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh qualification of graduation in the respective discipline and minimum of seven (7) years of experience in relevant field shall be considered for the third level positions as mentioned in the organisation setup. However the right person for the right job with right attitude need to be the focus while selecting such personnel as qualification criteria alone has the potential to fail because of lack of concerns and negative attitude towards environmental management,

APIIC Ltd. shall appoint experienced persons for the position of Manager (Environment) for management of environmental aspects within the industrial park premises and coordination with Environmental Management Cell (EMC).

The responsibilities of the Environmental Management Team/Cell shall be as follows:  Identify environmental aspects, normal, abnormal and emergency conditions.  Ensure implementation of standard operating procedures as updated from time to time.  Evaluate any non-conformity to the environmental standards, as stipulated by different regulatory agencies.  Ensure and implement necessary corrective actions.  Establish procedures for reporting, document and record control.  Establish and implement procedures for incident and near miss reporting, investigation and root cause analysis and prescribe corrective action. 9.1.1 Roles and Responsibilities for Environmental Management The roles and responsibilities of Developer (APIIC Ltd) and Proposed Industries are brought out in Table 9-1. These roles and responsibilities can be shared by developer as a part of agreement with proposed industries and shall have clear terms on environmental management responsibilities.

Table 9-1 Roles and Responsibilities of Developer and Industries S. Component Responsibility of Developer Responsibility of Industry No. 1 General Evolve very specific plot allotment guide Strictly adhere to the plot agreement lines with proper Environmental impact allotment guidelines and mitigation clauses especially with agreement. regards to pollution minimisation efforts. Any violations need proper penal clauses No pollutant shall be released with adequate notice. to Natural water systems that affect the common people of

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S. Component Responsibility of Developer Responsibility of Industry No. the region. 2 Water supply Required water for the proposed Water requirement shall be met industries for process, cooling and from existing Adinimmayapalli domestic usage shall be supplied by Reservoir. developer through nearest Reservoir (Adinimmayapalli) Groundwater shall not be The bulk water for the Industries will be withdrawn at any stage of the sourced from Reservoir. Water and project. respective pipelines shall be laid to Industries. Groundwater shall not be Groundwater shall not be withdrawn at contaminated by discharge of any stage of the project. Groundwater pollutants into streams, ponds shall not be contaminated by discharge and other surface water bodies. of pollutants in to streams, ponds and other surface water bodies. 3 Water Zero discharge for CETP and CSTP is Proposed industries should recycle/reuse proposed in MIP, Industries authority adopt recycle/reuse shall ensure the reuse of treated methodologies to the maximum wastewater from CETP & CSTP. extent possible either in process or utility. 4 Wastewater Developer will provide the wastewater The wastewater conveyance collection/ conveyance system through pipeline (pipeline) within industry conveyance from the proposed industries holding tank to respective CETP & CSTP. 5 Wastewater Developer shall provide the CETP for Responsible to dispose the treatment and treatment of effluents and CSTP for sewage and effluent to the disposal sewage as per the project development CSTP and CETP respectively. plan. 6 Treated i. MIP/ EMP Cell authorities shall Industry utilise the existing wastewater monitor wastewater holding tank. infrastructure facility. Monitoring monitoring ii. EMP cell shall monitor the treated of wastewater on daily basis at protocol wastewater at following locations on the guard ponds of each daily basis: industry shall be carried out as  Respective CETP & CSTP per SOPS and regulatory holding tanks standards at their respective  Treated WW Tanks holding tanks for pH, TDS, TSS, BOD & COD etc. 7 Rainwater Rainwater harvesting pits/recharge wells Rainwater harvesting within harvesting shall be provided at identified locations industries premises shall be

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S. Component Responsibility of Developer Responsibility of Industry No. as per development plan. adopted. 8 Waste Sludge generated from CETP shall be Industries shall have their management disposed to TSDF. independent Hazardous/Non- Sludge generated from CSTP shall be hazardous waste collection and used as manure for greenbelt/green segregation system and shall areas development have a temporary storage facility for 90 days detention which will be designed as per the requirement. Wastes shall be periodically disposed to nearby TSDF. Industry shall follow “The Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Tran’s boundary Movement) Third Amendment Rules, 2015”. 9 Post project APIIC EMC shall conduct post project Industry specific critical environmenta environmental monitoring as per the pollutants shall be monitored at l monitoring environmental monitoring programme industry level. suggested for construction and operation Specific requirement of phases in Chapter 6. monitoring shall be carried out Specific requirement of monitoring shall as a part of compliance to be carried out as a part of compliance to CTE/CTO. EC/CTE/CTO Emissions/Discharges and Solid and Hazardous waste generation and the air quality results of MIP area shall be displayed at main entrances. 10 Air Pollution Developer need to ensure that all The boilers/ Thermic fluid Control regulatory measures are properly heaters stack and process incorporated and all institutional stack shall have proper arrangements. arrangement for scrubbing of toxic gases. 11 Stack Developer need to ensure that all Stack monitoring shall be monitoring regulatory measures are properly carried out by Individual incorporated and all institutional Industries. arrangements. Online monitoring system has to be provided for process stacks and boilers/ Thermic fluid heaters stack

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S. Component Responsibility of Developer Responsibility of Industry No. 12 Greenbelt Greenbelt development along the Greenbelt and green areas development boundary and green areas in common shall be developed within each areas and utility corridor shall be industrial premiseas per MoEF developed. & CC norms. 13 Storm water Storm water collection along roads, Storm water collection within management common areas and utilities shall be the industry shall be provided provided. Ensure no pollutants are and discharge facility into the discharged to the fresh water streams by common storm water drains MIP. shall be provided. 14 Truck parking Logistic zones meant for truck parking Industries shall provide on-site are provided within common facility area. parking spaces for trucks within This parking space will serve the trucks the industrial premises. until custom clearance to enter the MIP 9.2 Greenbelt Development

Trees play a vital role in the environment in preventing the horizontal dispersion of the pollutants to the surrounding areas. Trees are very suitable and effective for detecting, recognizing, reducing and controlling air pollution, minimising noise pollution and will also check soil erosion, make the ecosystem more complete and functionally more stable and conducive.

Owing to their large surface area besides their bio-aesthetical values trees are to be used as indicators of biological effects of pollutant.

9.2.1 Objectives of greenbelt plan The objectives of greenbelt development are as follows;  Mitigation of fugitive emissions and improve ambient air quality  Provide a shelter belt around the project area for dust absorption and noise reduction  Prevention of land degradation due to activities during construction phase  Balancing Eco Environment  Enhancement of the overall environmental quality  Provide adequate shelter and habitat to the local fauna  Enhancing the ecological equilibrium of the area  Providing aesthetic value to the project area  Prevention of negative impacts on reserve forests, sanctuary and wildlife Page 274 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

 Conserve soil quality and improve moisture level in ambient atmosphere  Compliance of the conditions stipulated in the environment clearance  Improving the forest cover and maintaining the biodiversity of the region  Create awareness for environmental conservation and tree planting  Generate employment for the local people

9.2.2 Plant Species for Green Belt development Greenbelt/green area development will be carried out in and around the MIP along the boundary, roadside and on the vacant areas with above objectives. Emphasis shall be on native plant species on the basis of air pollution tolerance index of tree. The selection of plant species for the development depends on various factors such as climate, elevation and soil. The plant species should exhibit the following desirable characteristic in order to be selected for plantation. While selecting the plant species for the proposed green belt in a designated area of 611.25 Ha (1510.45 Acres) land, the following guidelines will be considered:  Tolerance to specific conditions or alternatively wide adaptability to eco- physiological conditions  Fast growing type and providing optimum penetrability  Capacity to endure water stress and climate extremes after initial establishment  Should be wind-firm and deep-rooted  Should form a dense canopy and perennial green

 Species tolerant to air pollutants like PM, SOX and NOX should be preferred  Be able to attenuate noise generated within the area  Native origin and locally available  Be well adapted to the existing soil conditions  Should have a large leaf area index.  Should be permeable to help create air turbulence and mixing within the belt  Introduction of monocultures and alien plant species would be avoided to the maximum possible extent  Should be able to thrive along with diverse species

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9.2.3 Greenbelt Development Plan The greenbelt development plan for the proposed MIP is based on “Guidelines for Developing Greenbelt” published by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Greenbelt is proposed within MIP site and along the boundary. Green areas are also proposed near the common utilities to serve as recreational facilities and breathing spaces and also to create buffer zones. The three tier tree plantation shall be ideal recommendation for greenbelt around the inner boundary of the proposed MIP. A total area of 1510.45 Acres (611.25 ha)is earmarked for greenbelt/ green areas development which is about 23% of total plot area. Apart from this open space area of 694.62 Acres (10.59%) is also proposed for green belt development. This will make total area of 33% (2205.07Acres) of green belt area. The master plan showing the green belt area is enclosed in Annexure-2. 9.2.3.1 Design of Green Belt

While the green belt will be developed as per MoEF &CC/CPCB guidelines with concept of three tiers greenbelt development with tall, medium and short height permanent trees in general. A survey was also conducted with respect to existing types and vegetation diversity within the MIP area for development of greenbelt around project components. The following guidelines will be considered in green belt development; . The spacing between the trees will be maintained slightly less than one meter to increase the density . Planting of trees in each row will be in staggered orientation . In the front row shrubs will be grown. . The short trees (< 10 m height) will be planted in the first two rows (towards plant side) of the green belt. The tall trees (> 10 m height) will be planted in the outer three rows (away from plant side) . Tall trees one line and short trees one line will be planted around the industries blocks to control the fugitive emissions and to reduce the noise. . Expose the pits to direct sunlight for about 15 days and o If the soil at the site is reasonably good, pits may be filled with 80% site-soil + 20% composted cow-dung. About 200 gm Neem-cake and leaf-litter, grass or agricultural residue may be added o If the soil at the site is poor, pits may be filled with 35% site-soil + 35% fertile soil (from an external source) +30% composted cow-

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dung. Neem-cake and other organic matter may be added as in the previous instance . Saplings should ideally be planted after the annual rains begin. The saplings would need to be watered once the rains cease. . Saplings shall be suitably nurtured and maintained. Soil conditioning and fertiliser application shall be undertaken. If required, suitable soil treatment shall be provided to ensure good growth of tree cover. . Construction of temporary shelters of locally available materials such as bamboo and grass around the growing saplings is recommended in the summer, to help the plants withstand the hot sun. . During construction period o Ground-vegetation should be allowed to shed seeds before cutting or moving it for mulch. This would leave behind a seed-bank to flourish in the next growing-season, providing a natural source of mulch for the following year. o Open Burning of bushes and other waste on land must be avoided, as it reduces soil-quality, and harms the ground-vegetation, amphibians, reptiles and ground-nesting birds. . Development of greenbelt shall start with construction phase and shall be continued full fledge with operation phase of the proposed MIP project. As a part of improving biodiversity areas need to be ear marked for the growth of creepers that are always neglected in green belt development category. Creepers are becoming increasingly threatened due to lack of concerns and selective dereliction of this species. The indicative sketch of three tier greenbelt development is given in Figure 9-1.

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Figure 9-1Hypothetical representation of three tier greenbelt development 9.2.3.2 Cost estimations for Green Belt development

Approximately 9 Lakhs trees are proposed to be planted in entire project site to follow the concept of 1500 trees/Ha. The survival of the plantation shall be monitored frequently and survival rate of the plantation during operational phase shall not be less than 80%. A capital cost of INR 2.7 Crores shall be earmarked for this purpose and INR of 50 Lakhs shall be allocated for recurring expenses totalling INR 3.2 Crores towards green belt development and maintenance. The lay out plan of the greenbelt and green areas in project site is depicted in the Master Plan Annexure-2 9.2.3.3 Recommended Species for Plantation

Based on climate and soil characteristics of the study area, some species are recommended for plantation. The climate of the region is not extreme where there is normal rainfall as well as normal heat and soil temperature is also not very high in summer. The pollutants namely stack, dust/fugitive emissions, sulphur dioxide, smoke and carbon dioxide along with the noise pollution can be effectively curbed by planting specific floral species. The recommended species for greenbelt and plantation are given inTable 9-2. Table 9-2: Recommended Plants for Greenbelt

Common Name Botanical Name Tolerant to

Babhool Acacia arabica Fly ash, SO2 Banyan Ficus bengalensis Dust Indian mast tree Polyalthia longifolia Noise Pollution Jamun Syzygium cumini Pollution tolerant Jujuba Zizypus jujuba Pollution tolerant

Neem Azadiracta indica SO2

Red Bird of Paradise Caesalpinia pulchurima SO2 Tamarind Tamarindus indica Pollution tolerant 9.2.3.4 Nursery Development within MIP

Nurseries would be developed in open areas with six to eight seedlings per m2 for potted plants with above mentioned guidelines.

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9.2.3.5 Vermiculture Development and Usage

Vermicomposting is natural organic manure and its chemical composition is much more superior to compost made either in conventional composting pits or by bacterial decomposition. Vermicomposting consists of humus, which is the basic building block of fertile soil. It contains all essential macro and micronutrients for plants in readily available form due to which plants are able to easily absorb them. Vermicomposting is prepared with the aid of earthworms. Vermicomposting pits shall be developed and biodegradable waste from project premises shall be utilized for manure production. 9.2.3.6 General Guidelines Regarding the Plantation-plan

The original topography and vegetation of the site must be retained that newly-planted saplings may get the benefit of their natural micro-climate and may survive with relatively less inputs. Soil from the site should be used for the plantation, as far as possible, and supplemented with external nutrients only where necessary. Chemical fertilizers or pesticides must be avoided, as they reduce soil-quality and integrity, as also, the food/medicinal value of plants. Locally available leaf-litter, grass-cuttings, agricultural residue, compost or other organic material may be used as supplementary plant-nutrients.

9.3 Rainwater Harvesting

Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) refers to collection of rain falling on earth surface for beneficial uses before it drains away as run-off. The recent groundwater estimation as in September 2013, by Central Groundwater Board, has classified Chintakomma dinne, Pendlimarri mandals in which the project area is situated, under “Safe category” and Vallur mandal is in “Semi Critical category”. As a necessity to improve groundwater in the region as a developmental activity, rainwater harvesting is proposed within the MIP. Rainwater harvesting and conservation practices reduce the soil erosion, increases soil moisture and enhance recharge to groundwater body.

The objectives of rain water harvesting proposed for the project are as follows:

 Rainfall – runoff management  Control soil erosion  Increase the soil moisture  Prevent rush of surface flow of water

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 Recharge to groundwater in favourable areas  Direct use of harvested rainwater  Saving in pumping cost 9.3.1 Estimation of rainwater harvesting potential Rainwater Harvesting shall be implemented at MIP to conserve rainwater. Roof top area, greenbelt/green area, road/paved area and open areas proposed in the project are considered for arriving the rainwater which can be harvested. The approximate quantities of rainwater that can be harvested at MIP are given inTable 9-3. The equation used for run off estimation is based on CPCB guidelines on ‘Concepts and Practices for Rain water Harvesting’- Oct 2001.The calculations are based on the following:

 Average annual rainfall is 675 mm based on 2004-2014 IMD data  Average No of rainy days are 85.08 (Over all year)  Run of co-efficient are considered as given by CPCB guidelines Table 9-3 Estimated Volume of run-off that can be harvested

S. Land Use Land Area in m2 Run off Rainfall Predicted No. Distribution Use coefficient (m) Runoff in MIP Area Volume (Acre) (m3)/hr 1 Roof top 1934 7826620 0.8 0.008 50090.368 Area 2 Roads Area 898 3634077 0.7 0.008 20350.8312

3 Open Space 695 2812568 0.3 0.008 6750.1632 Area

4 Utilities Area 260 1052184 0.3 0.008 2525.2416

5 Green Belt 1510 6110753 0.2 0.008 9777.2048 Area

Total 5297 21,436,202 89493.80 Note: - Roof top area is considered as 70% of the plotted area. Of this total quantity of runoff estimated, 39403m3/hr runoff will be harvested through rain water harvesting pits.

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9.3.2 Harvesting Plan and Recharge Structures a) Roof-Top Rainwater Harvesting

For the proposed project Roof-top rain water will be done by individual industries. Apart from this for buildings in common facilities this system is proposed. Roof-top rain-water harvesting is one of the appropriate options for augmenting groundwater recharge/storage where natural recharge is considerably reduced and not much land is available for implementing any other artificial recharge measure. In a typical roof top rain-water harvesting system, rain-water from the roof is collected in a storage vessel or tank for use during periods of scarcity. Such systems are usually designed to support the drinking and cooking needs of the family and comprise a roof, a storage tank and guttering to transport the water from the roof to the storage tank. In addition, a first flush system to divert the dirty water, which contains debris, collected on the roof during non-rainy periods and a filter unit to remove debris and contaminants before water enters the storage tank are also provided. Therefore, a typical Roof top Rain-water Harvesting System comprises following components:

 Roof catchment  Filter unit  Drain pipes  Storage tank.  Collection sump.  Down pipe  Pump unit  First flush pipe& Gutters A typical Roof-top rainwater harvesting system is given in Exhibit 9-1. However, during detailed engineering of the industry suitable structure will be arrived for rainwater harvesting.

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Exhibit 9-1A typical roof top rainwater harvesting system Filtration forms the most important process in the purification of water. It usually involves allowing water to pass through a filter media e.g. sand. Filtration essentially involves removal of suspended and colloidal impurities present in water. Depending on the type of filtration, the chemical characteristics of water may be altered and the bacterial content may be considerably reduced. These effects take place due to various processes such as mechanical straining, sedimentation, biological metabolism and electrolytic changes. The sand being used for filter in roof top rain-water harvesting systems should be free from clay, loam, vegetable matter, organic impurities etc. and should also be uniform in nature and grain size. There are three types of filters i.e. o Slow Sand Filters o Rapid Sand Filters (gravity type) and o Pressure Filters. b) Storage Ponds/Tanks

In addition to roof top rainwater harvesting, we can also adopt storage tank /pond system for storm water storage. Storage ponds/tanks are civil structures to store harvested rainwater. From these storage facilities, water can be pumped directly to points of demand or supplied through over-head tanks. Silt trap pits and filter beds have to be maintained before letting the water to the storage pond / tank. The storage tanks may be properly cemented to avoid leakage or

Page 282 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh seepage into ground. Already few natural tanks are situated inside the project premises. So the rain water will be saved by these tanks. The excess rain water from the MIP will be chanellised through storm water drains to the existing tanks available at site to store them. Of the total runoff quantity, 40313.6 m3 of rain water can be diverted to the existing 8 tanks available at site with total area of 216.93 Acres after desilting. Based on the site contour, the storm water will be diverted to the existing water tanks. The existing tanks are dry through out the year except on some days of monsoon. The bunds of tanks will be strengthened for storing water. A model of the pond/ tank is shown in Exhibit 9-2A for storing harvested rainwater.

Exhibit 9-2A Model Storage Pond/Tank c) Recharge pits- typical arrangements

In proposed Industrial Park project area, recharge pits are recommended to be constructed near the roof-top harvesting structures. Due to enhanced vertical hydraulic conductivity through the recharge pit structure, natural recharge process of aquifer system gets enhanced, especially when storms are of short duration and rainfall days are less as in case of project area, and sustainability of the aquifer is ensured for a long period. The benefit accrued during heavy rains in non- rainy (summer) season or during draught time will be worth mentioning. In such circumstances recharge will be at its peak stage. As a result all shallow open wells and ponds will get adequate quantity of water as huge relief for Industries who depends on ground water, nearby farmers and poor landless villagers. In addition to Roof-top rain water harvesting, recharge pits will be planned for augmenting ground water recharge. In the project area, 1800 Recharge pits are proposed with 1.2 m

Page 283 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh diameter and depth of 0.3m. The pit will be back filled with a sequence of boulders, gravel, pebbles and coarse sand from bottom to top. A constructed model recharge pit is shown in Exhibit 9-3. A schematic diagram of the Recharge Pit is given in Exhibit 9-4. It is recommended to dig a trial pit of 5.0 m before constructing the Recharge pit.

OUTLET FOR INLET EXCESS WATER

SAND

BOULDER S

Exhibit 9-3Model Recharge Pit Exhibit 9-4Schematic of Recharge Pit (source: Google) (Source: Google) d) Recharge Wells - Typical arrangements

Recharge wells are the structures to recharge water in the sub-surface levels directly to the aquifer. In the project area, the piezometric level of the deeper aquifer is expected to be in the range of 20 to 30 m below ground level. Gravity recharge wells in the vicinity of storage ponds are useful in recharging the deeper aquifer system. A schematic design of the recharge well is presented in Exhibit 9-5. The collected rain water in the pond may be diverted through well maintained channels, two desilting pits and two filter beds into each recharge well by gravity. From bottom of last filter bed, pipe carrying the recharge water may have to go down the recharge well upto piezometric surface. The recharge well of 300 to 450 mm diameter, down to a depth of 80 m is recommended.

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Exhibit 9-5 Schematic Diagram of Recharge Well e) Rainwater harvesting and utilisation plan

Based upon the survey and hydro-geological conditions of the project area, harvesting and recharge structures are proposed for rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharging. The proposed harvesting and recharge structures within the MIP are:

 Roof-top rainwater harvesting  Recharge pits of 1800 numbers  Recharging of ponds within the IP  Recharge wells to the ponds Flash flood water can be recharged directly to the deeper aquifer through recharge wells for enhancing the depleting resource and make it sustainable. f) Monitoring wells for impact assessment

The effectiveness of artificial recharge structures is known by closely monitoring the groundwater levels of the phreatic and confined aquifer systems. Monitoring of the groundwater regime is done by establishing a network of observation wells tapping the shallow and deeper aquifer systems separately. The phreatic aquifer can be monitored by measuring groundwater levels in the open dug wells or dedicated shallow water table wells nearby the site. The existing dug wells may also be selected for monitoring. Piezometric surface in the deeper aquifer may have to be monitored by installing dedicated piezometers. Piezometer is a small diameter (38 mm) tube with a 2 to 3 m Page 285 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh perforated pipe at the bottom lowered in a borehole (100 to 150 mm) drilled down into the confined aquifer. The perforated portion of the tube has to be positioned against the bottom of the confined aquifer with clean sorted gravel shrouded between the tube and the borehole surface. Rest of the borehole may be filled with unsorted gravel or clay. The observation wells/piezometers are to be monitored at least four times in a year, i.e. in the months of January, May, August and November. Data collected from these wells, provide more meaningful record / database and clarity in the changes in the ground water regime in the Project area. Digital water level recorders, which collect water level information automatically ranging in time from 1 hour to 1 month, provide accurate and valuable data for groundwater management. The recorder is an electronic device which is installed within the water column of the observation well. The device collects the groundwater level data at the desired interval of time and stores the digital data on board which can be retrieved through data retrieval systems or hand held computers and can be downloaded directly into office computers for further analysis. Groundwater chemical quality monitoring also can be done through these devices with appropriate add-on probes.

9.4 Solar Power Harnessing

The feasibility of Solar Power Harnessing within the MIP built up areas particularly at available roof tops is also studied. The available technologies for generating solar power are mainly Solar Photo Voltaic (PV) Cells and Solar Thermal. Technology of Solar PV Cells is suitable for solar power generation with proper utilization of the roof top areas available on the roofs of buildings/structures within the industry premises. The off grid solar PV system will be used for the solar power harnessing.

Basic components that are used to build a solar PV system are as follows:

 Flat Roof Solar PV Panel mounting systems  Off-Grid Solar PV Power Inverters  Solar PV Panels and solar modules  Solar PV Cables & Connectors  Solar PV Charge Controllers  Solar PV Generation Meters  Solar Batteries  AC & DC Isolators  PV Junction Boxes/PV Combiner Boxes  Solar PV System monitoring

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For the purpose of installation of off grid solar PV cells, the suitable buildings and structures are identified and the roof top areas are considered for calculation of total possible capacity of installed solar PV.

The calculation for installed capacity and cost is based on the following assumption: o 100 m2 area is required for the installation of 6 kWA capacity o Capital cost including batteries and other accessories is Rs.1.5 lakh/kWA The installed capacity and approximate cost details for MIP area are as given in Table 9-4.

Table 9-4 Estimated Installation Capacity and Cost for Solar Power Harness Project Total roof Actual area Installation Installation Cost for top area (considering capacity capacity in installation (m2) 65% of total (Considering 100 MW (considering area) (m2) sqm for 6kWP) `6.5 Cr/MW) ` kWp Crores Mega Industrial 7826620 5087303 847883 847 5505 Park at Kopparthy The total cost towards solar power harness is coming to about Rs. 55050 million (~Rs 5505 Cr), since huge cost is involved for the solar harnessing, this will be thoroughly studied during project execution stage. If it is financially viable the developer will sure go for solar harnessing power.

9.5 Occupational Health and Safety

Occupational health & safety needs attention both during construction, erection, operation and maintenance phases of MIP project. Broad framework for Occupational health and safety measures is presented in this section.

9.5.1 Occupational Hazards Occupational health hazards, areas associated with hazards and proposed mitigation measures are given in

Table 9-5.

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Table 9-5 Occupational Health Hazards S. Occupational Areas associated with Mitigation No. Health Hazards Hazard 1. Non-ionizing Combustion facility workers  Identification of potential exposure radiation may have a higher exposure to levels in the workplace Electric and Magnetic Fields  Establishment and identification of (EMF) due to working in safety zones to differentiate between proximity to electric power work areas with expected elevated generators, equipment, and EMF levels connecting high-voltage  Personal exposure monitoring transmission lines equipment should be set to warn of exposure levels 2. Heat Occupational exposure to heat  Regular inspection and maintenance occurs during operation and of pressure vessels and piping maintenance of combustion  Provision of adequate ventilation in units, pipes, and related hot work areas equipment like Boilers etc.  Time reduction for work in elevated temperature and ensuring access to drinking water  Shielding surfaces where workers come in close contact with hot equipment  Use of warning signs near high temperature surfaces and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). 3. Noise Noise sources in combustion  Provision of sound-insulated control facilities and auxiliaries; boilers rooms with noise levels below 60 and auxiliaries, such as dB(A); pulverizes; diesel engines;  Design of generators to meet fans and ductwork; pumps; applicable occupational noise levels compressors; condensers;  Identify and mark high noise areas precipitators and motors etc. and provision of PPE. 4. Confined Specific areas for confined  Adequate Engineering measures Spaces space entry may include shall be implemented to eliminate the condensers, and cooling water degree of confined spaces. towers  Unavoidable confined spaces shall

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S. Occupational Areas associated with Mitigation No. Health Hazards Hazard be provided with permanent safety measures. 5. Electrical Energized equipment and  Consider installation of hazard Hazards power lines can pose electrical warning lights. hazards for workers  Use of voltage sensors prior to and during workers' entrance.  Deactivation and proper grounding of live power equipment and distribution lines according to applicable legislation and guidelines.  Provision of specialized electrical safety training to workers. 6. Fire and Handling and storage of fuel,  Use of automated combustion and Explosion products etc. safety controls. Hazards  Proper maintenance of boiler safety controls.  Implementation of startup and shutdown procedures.  Automated sensors and regular cleaning mechanism.  Provide Fire proof jackets for those who will work for extinguish power. 7. Dust Dust may arise due to  Use of dust controls such as proper dedusting activities and housing and water sprinkling etc. vehicles movement etc.,  Regular sweeping, mopping, Dust may contain silica inspection and maintenance of (associated with silicosis), roads/asbestos containing materials arsenic (skin and lung cancer) etc. Prevalent occupational diseases for workers are possible for which project proponent shall provide necessary safety equipment and conduct periodical health checkup. As a Mega Industrial Park, all industries are committed for occupational health & safety of employees.

9.5.2 Personal Protective Equipment The personal protective equipment (PPE) offers adequate protection to worker, co-workers and visitors. Proper use of PPE shall be part of recurrent training programs for employees. Table 9-6 Table 9-6 provides the list of PPE which shall be provided in industrial premises.

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Table 9-6 Personnel Protective Equipment Protection Equipment Protection Against for HAND  Leather gloves  Cuts due to handling  Asbestos gloves  Heat radiation  Electrical resistance gloves  Electrical shock  Canvas gloves  Contact with oil & grease etc.  Hand sleeves  Falling of hot slag/material LEG  Leg-guards  Welding sparks  Leather safety boots  Striking by objects, fall of objects and  Asbestos safety boots stepping on sharp or hot objects  Heat radiation, stepping hot or sharp objects and stepping on sharp or hot objects EYE Spectacle/goggles with plain Foreign bodies entering eyes and shatter proof lens reflected arc rays HEAD Fibre Helmet Fall of objects/hitting against objects during construction, maintenance etc EAR Ear plugs or muffs High noise level NOSE Dust protection mask Fine dust particles FIRE  Fire Extinguishers Fire  Fire Jackets  Fire Suits etc. 9.5.3 Health Monitoring Medical surveillance has been prescribed in the Factories Act, 1948 (Amended). Under section 41C, it is stated that "every occupier of a factory involving any hazardous process shall:

“Maintain accurate and up to date health records or, as case may be, medical records of workers in factory who are exposed to any chemical, toxic or any other harmful substances which are manufactured, stored, handled or transported and such records shall be accessible to the workers subjected to such conditions as may be prescribed and provide for medical examination of every worker, (a) before such worker is assigned to a job involving the handling of or working

Page 290 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh with a hazardous substance and b) while continuing in such job and after he has ceased to work in such job, at intervals not exceeding twelve months, in such manner as may be prescribed."

APIIC have a plan to establish an occupational health service centre inside the MIP premises to promote and maintain physical, mental and social well-being of the employees. The unit is well equipped to detect and prevent occupational/work related diseases and is being offering effective emergency and injury care at work. The centre will develop health education training packages including use of personal protective equipment for all employees and impart training accordingly. Occupational Health Service shall arrange to provide adequate number of First Aid Boxes with approved contents on the industries first aid rooms. Ambulance shall be available to meet any emergency situation.

The records of health check-up of all employees will be maintained by individual industries. This will be extended to future upcoming industries also. The occurrence of occupational health hazards and diseases shall also be maintained. The records will be reviewed at intervals of two years to check the effectiveness of various measures implemented. Based on the review, action plan to improve the effectiveness of occupational health and safety measures shall be prepared.

9.5.4 Safety Overall safety of man and material is an important aspect of industry performance. The safety policy of the industry shall be clearly defined. The developer shall implement separate safety measures for construction and operation phases and a safety officer shall be employed by the MIP as well as all individual industries which shall also coordinate with MIP EMC safety officer.

Creating awareness among the targeted group is very important for the successful implementation of safety.

9.5.4.1 Safety Circle In order to fully develop the capabilities of the employees in identification of hazardous processes and improving safety and health, safety circles would be constituted in each area of work. The circle would consist of 15-25 employees from that area. The circle normally shall meet for about an hour every week.

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9.5.4.2 Safety Training Safety training shall be provided by the Safety Officer with the assistance of faculty members called from Professional Safety Institutions and Universities. In addition to regular employees, limited contractor labours shall also be provided safety training.

9.5.5 Endemic Disease Mitigation Plan Interaction with villagers during baseline monitoring (September, 2016 – Noovember, 2016) in the study area revealed that there are no major epidemics in recent years in the study area.

9.5.5.1 Possible Health Hazards Industrial Unit: The possible Health hazards which may become an Endemic disease or Occupational illnesses in Long term during construction and operational phase of MIP area are given below:

o Chemical hazards, including heavy metals, such as lead & mercury, solvents like diesel, and many other chemicals including paints that are used in project. o Physical hazards, such as excessive noise, vibration, extremes of temperature and pressure, and ionizing and non ionizing radiation. o Biomechanical hazards, such as heavy lifting, repetitive or awkward or forceful movements that result in musculoskeletal disorders, like carpal tunnel syndrome and low back pain. o Biologic hazards, such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses, the tubercle bacillus, and many other bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms that may be transmitted through air, water, food, or direct contact. o Psycho-social hazards, such as workplaces where there is high stress due to excessive demands on, and low control by, workers; stress and hostility resulting from urban congestion, such as “Road Traffic”. 9.5.5.2 Occupation Health & Endemic Disease Mitigation Action Plan

Data Collection: Occupational and environmental diseases and injuries can be recognized at the individual level, which depends on obtaining and assessing an occupational and environmental history. Before implementation of the Mitigation Action Plan, the health information of the people in the project area upto 10km shall be collected from respective departments (Government/Hospitals).

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Mitigation Measures: The following are some of the mitigation measures for Occupational Health and Endemic diseases:

Immediate Actions:

o Ensure through proper support and training that all employees are aware of hazards and accept responsibility for working safely during Construction and Operational phases. This will significantly reduce Occupational Health hazards and illness. o Ensure presence of a key staff/doctor at the time of emergency to know, what to do if they suspect a notifiable disease in the surrounding. o Community based participatory research to identify issues and to assess change for developing problem/location specific plans. Long Term Actions:

o It shall be ensured that the respective Government department of Municipality disinfects residential areas which lie around the project site regularly. o Ensuring provision of necessary medical facilities in the study area. Necessary guidance shall be provided to enhance the medical facility in the area. o Periodic health awareness camps and health check-ups should be organised in the study area to ensure better health standards of the people. Basic Information Requirements

The following shall be understood before implementing a mitigation measure;

o Possibility of providing additional responsibilities to EHS to take necessary immediate actions during emergencies. o Animal welfare – for example, access to feed, provision of sufficient appropriate shelters shall be analysed. o Potential alternative methods to control various diseases out breaks. o Consideration of other induced developments. o Possibilities to dissipate information quickly. Monitoring for Endemic Disease Mitigation Activities

Frequent health check-ups shall be carried out for the workers. Thus the health related issues within the industrial unit can be analysed.

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Mitigation measures as suggested above shall be updated every year based on the collected data/information on health conditions of the people living in the study area.

Information obtained from monitoring of Environmental parameters as provided in Chapter 6 shall be correlated with the health information to provide a clear understanding of pollutant impacts.

9.6 Institutional Mechanism for Implementation of Mitigation Measures

The effective implementation and close supervision of the environmental management to mitigate the environmental impacts, which are likely to arise due to the construction and operational phases of the project could be achieved through a suitable institutional mechanism. The coordination of Environmental Management cell with various Authorities and institutions for implementation of the mitigation measures is presented in Figure 9-2. A proper institutional mechanism to understand and implement appropriate environmental management measures during various stages of the project is a pre requisite and has a strong bearing for the overall success of the project management. Implementation of the Environmental Management measures shall become easy once an environmentally responsible Team is in place.

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APPCB MoEF CPCB

. CTE . CTO/CTE . Environmental . Providing . CTO Applications Appraisal Design . Monitoring of . Environmental . CDM Information conditions Appraisal Application . Assistance in Applied Monitoring

Environmental Management Cell (EMC)

IP Project . In house and external Authority Monitoring . Fund Support Support . Implementation of . Monitoring Efficiency EMP/Mitigation of Implementation Institution Measures . Obtaining Status . Monitoring Clearances Performance Indicator . Compliance to internal . Ensuring Compliance External Institute of policies to Statutory reputed Monitoring . Data Management and Requirements institution trend analysis to . Compliance to propose and implement Environmental and appropriate intervention Social Policy

Figure 9-2 Coordination with Authorities and functions 9.7 Environmental Management Cell (EMC)

Apart from having an Environmental Management Plan, it is also necessary to have a permanent organizational set up charged with the task of ensuring its effective implementation of mitigation measures and to conduct environmental monitoring. The major duties and responsibilities of Environment Management Cell are:

o To implement the environmental management plan o To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations o To ensure regular operation and maintenance of pollution control devices o To minimize environmental impacts of operations as by strict adherence to the EMP o To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule o Review and interpretation of monitoring as per approved schedule o Review and interpretation of monitoring results and corrective measures in case monitored results are above the specified limit

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o Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable environmental laws as ready reference o Maintain environmental related records o Coordination with regulatory agencies, external consultant, monitoring laboratories o Maintain log of public complain and the action taken o Record keeping: The proposed environmental management cell should have all basic record keeping facilities such as: a) Hard ware/software facilities, b) Adequate space, c) Vehicle (transport) and d) Basic furniture and e) All simple instruments such as GPS, Digital camera, Hand held noise metre etc. The cell should have all basic environmental management data of the project that includes but not limited to the following

o Environmental Impact Assessment Reports (both well preserved soft and hard copy) o All valid and up to date environmental clearance and consent papers o All latest Environmental legislations, policies, codes and manuals for ready references o A list of consultants on environmental management need to be kept with yearly revision of the list. This will help to receive proper advice in case of an emergency or a requirement and also to implement day to day environmental management activities. Over a period of time a system to understand and absorb the new revisions and changes in the environmental requirements and practices are to be established. This can only be achieved by regular training and genuine capacity building initiatives. The organizational set up for MIP Environmental Management Cell is given as Figure 9-3.

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GENERAL MANAGER (ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH & SAFETY)

Director/Assistant General Manager (CSR & Peripheral Development)

Corporate Social Manager Manager Responsibility (Environment) (Fire & Safety) Peripheral Environmental Development/ Fire Crew Engineer Occupational Health

Monitoring & Safety Engineer Analysis

Horticulture First Aid

Figure 9-3 MIP Organizational Setup for Environmental Management Cell 9.7.1 Audits and Inspections In addition, the EHS/EMC Department shall be responsible for implementing Compliance Assurance activities, namely environmental audits. Internal audits and reviews of environmental procedures shall be conducted annually.

The EHS Steering Committee, made up of Management Team members, shall conduct quarterly EHS performance reviews. Any change to the environment wholly or partial is identified, evaluated and equally corrective actions are taken to better the environmental performance.

A vital part of EHS practice is to learn from experience, using it as basis to improve the system. To this effect, periodic inspections and record keeping provides a measure of how effective programs are and facilitates identification of areas where improvement will be necessary. Environmental inspections consist of examining all activities and documenting those actions that

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9.8 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Various project activities, associated impacts and mitigation measures are summarised in Table 9-7. Table 9-7Project Activities, Associated Impacts, and Mitigation Measures Likely Impacts Relevant and their Environmental S. significance in Proposed Responsible Agency Activity components No. the absence of Mitigation Measures for Implementation likely to be Mitigation impacted Measures Construction Phase 1. Site levelling/ Air Quality  Exhaust  To reduce impacts from exhausts, emission  Construction Material emissions control norms will be enforced/ adhered. Contractors transport and from vehicles  All the vehicles and construction machinery supervised by construction  Windblown will be periodically checked to ensure APIIC activities dust during compliance to the emission standards material  Construction equipment and transport movement vehicles will be periodically washed to  Fugitive dust remove accumulated dirt during  Providing adequately sized construction yard material for storage of construction materials, unloading equipment tools, earthmoving equipment,  Dust etc.

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Likely Impacts Relevant and their Environmental S. significance in Proposed Responsible Agency Activity components No. the absence of Mitigation Measures for Implementation likely to be Mitigation impacted Measures suspension  Provide enclosures on all sides of during site construction site preparation,  Movement of material will be mostly during construction non-peak hours. and trenching  On-site vehicle speeds will be controlled to  Emissions reduce excessive dust suspension in air and from DG sets dispersion by traffic  Water sprinkling will be carried out to suppress fugitive dust in the project site  Environmental awareness program will be provided to the personnel involved in developmental works  Use of tarpaulin covers and speed regulations for vehicles engaged in transportation Noise Noise /Vibration  Noise levels shall be maintained below  Construction from following threshold levels stipulated by Central Contractors

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Likely Impacts Relevant and their Environmental S. significance in Proposed Responsible Agency Activity components No. the absence of Mitigation Measures for Implementation likely to be Mitigation impacted Measures activities Pollution Control Board (CPCB) time to time supervised by  Vehicles  Procurement of machinery/construction APIIC transporting equipment in accordance with specifications construction conforming to source noise levels less than material 75 dB (A)  Diesel run  Well-maintained construction equipment, engines of which meets the regulatory standards for construction source noise levels, shall be used machinery  Any equipment emitting high noise,  Drilling/Pile wherever possible, shall be oriented so that driving the noise is directed away from sensitive activities receptors  Noise attenuation will be practised for noisy equipment by employing suitable techniques such as acoustic controls, insulation and vibration dampers  High noise generating activities such as

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Likely Impacts Relevant and their Environmental S. significance in Proposed Responsible Agency Activity components No. the absence of Mitigation Measures for Implementation likely to be Mitigation impacted Measures piling and drilling shall be scheduled in day time  Personnel exposed to noise levels beyond threshold limits shall be provided with PPE. Disturbance to  Impact to  The drains passing through the area shall be  Construction Natural natural flow of routed as per the proposed drain routing Contractorssupervi Drainage runoff due to plan sed by APIIC pattern blockage and  Adequate storm water drainage system shall change of be provided. drainage  The storm water system need to be properly course connected to the natural drainage system of the area  Drainage system will be provided at construction yard. Measures will be taken to prevent silting of natural drainage due to runoff from construction areas Vegetation and  Loss of  Commencement of greenbelt development  Construction

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Likely Impacts Relevant and their Environmental S. significance in Proposed Responsible Agency Activity components No. the absence of Mitigation Measures for Implementation likely to be Mitigation impacted Measures Strain on vegetation during construction phase especially in Contractors existing and strain on terms of nursery development and supervised by infrastructure existing identification of indigenous species APIIC infrastructure.  Temporary workers camp with self-sufficient infrastructure facilities. Existing Traffic  Traffic  NH 18 is adjacent to MIP and the  Construction addition Transportation of construction materials will Contractors be carried out during non- peak hours. supervised by  Regularization of truck movement APIIC 2. Solid Waste Soil quality  Impacts due  Construction waste shall be used within  Construction Management to disposal of project site for filling of low lying areas. Contractors solid waste on  Excavated soil shall be stockpiled in a supervised by ground corner of the site in bunded area to avoid APIIC run off with storm water.  General refuse generated on-site shall be collected in waste skips and separated from construction waste.

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Likely Impacts Relevant and their Environmental S. significance in Proposed Responsible Agency Activity components No. the absence of Mitigation Measures for Implementation likely to be Mitigation impacted Measures  Local authorised waste recycler shall be employed to remove general refuse from the site, separately from construction waste and hazardous wastes  Recyclable wastes will be disposed through APPCB approved vendors  Burning of refuse at construction sites shall be prohibited. 3. Handling of Human safety  Fire accidents  Adequate safety measures as per OSHA  Construction hazardous and property due to standards will be adopted Contractors materials loss hazardous  Construction site will be secured by fencing supervised by material with controlled/limited entry points. APIIC handling  Hazardous materials such as lubricants,  Health Issues paints, compressed gases, and varnishes etc., will be stored as per the prescribed/approved safety norms.  Construction site will be secured by fencing

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Likely Impacts Relevant and their Environmental S. significance in Proposed Responsible Agency Activity components No. the absence of Mitigation Measures for Implementation likely to be Mitigation impacted Measures with controlled/ limited entry points  Medical facilities including first aid will be made available for attending to injured workers.  Handling and storage as per statutory guidelines.  Positive isolation procedures will be adhered  Handling and storage as per MSIHC rules, MoEF &CC guidelines with Fire protection system.  Hazardous wastes, if any, shall be disposed to TSDF proposed within the MIP 4. Water Water scarcity Impacts to the  Water Requirement during the construction  Construction Resources /Pollution to the surface water will be met through road tankers/local Contractors nearby water body municipal bodies/Adinimmayapalli reservoir supervised by bodies  Care should be taken to prevent the APIIC contaminated runoff from the construction

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Likely Impacts Relevant and their Environmental S. significance in Proposed Responsible Agency Activity components No. the absence of Mitigation Measures for Implementation likely to be Mitigation impacted Measures site to the nearby natural streams, if any  Optimized utilization of the water  sewage generated shall be treated by septic tanks and soak pits Operational Phase 1. Stack Air Quality  Stack  Stack height of utilities/ process units shall  Individual Emissions of emissions be as per CPCB guidelines Industries Industries  Process units supervised by a) All Process units in the plant will be APIIC provided with APC measures of Suitable Wet Double Stage Scrubbers with Acid & Alkali Provision followed by Dry Scrubber with Activated Carbon media then routed to stack calculated as per MoEF&CC guidelines or good Engineering practices with clear provision of facilitating maximum

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Likely Impacts Relevant and their Environmental S. significance in Proposed Responsible Agency Activity components No. the absence of Mitigation Measures for Implementation likely to be Mitigation impacted Measures dispersion. b) Wet Scrubber circulation water has to be routed to Effluent stream for further treatment. c) Online Analyzers to be mounted for continuous monitoring as per CPCB Guidelines.  Boilers: a) All boilers will be provided with APC measures of Multicyclone & Bag Filters then routed to stack calculated as per MoEF&CC guidelines. b) Online Analyzers to be mounted for continuous monitoring as per CPCB Guidelines  Stack emissions will be maintained as per APPCB/CPCB standards by providing

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Likely Impacts Relevant and their Environmental S. significance in Proposed Responsible Agency Activity components No. the absence of Mitigation Measures for Implementation likely to be Mitigation impacted Measures emission control devices  Periodical Monitoring of pollutants at stacks  Vehicular  Access roads to be provided to avoid traffic  APIIC / Individual emissions congestion Industries  Use of tarpaulin covers and speed supervised by regulations for vehicles engaged in APIIC transportation 2. Operation of Noise  Increased  Acoustic Barriers and Enclosures  APIIC / Individual Compressors, noise levels  All transportation vehicles, machinery will be Industries and due to periodically checked to ensure minimal noise supervised by generators equipment generation to comply OHSAS and ambient APIIC etc handling and noise standards in the surrounding area vehicular  Personal Protecting Equipment (PPE) movement  Greenbelt Development  Traffic regulation using sign boards Vibration  Temporary  Machine and equipment likely to generate  Construction perplexity vibration shall be fixed based on the detail contractors

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Likely Impacts Relevant and their Environmental S. significance in Proposed Responsible Agency Activity components No. the absence of Mitigation Measures for Implementation likely to be Mitigation impacted Measures  Health designing of foundation. supervised by implication on  Machinery equipped with latest vibration- APIIC / Individual working reduction technology shall minimise the Industries continuously vibrations. supervised by in vibrating  Vibration dampers shall be provided around APIIC environment the source of generation 3. Water Supply Water  Impact on  Total water requirement will be met from  APIIC resources existing water Adinimmayapalli Reservoir. resources  No on industry dependent on Ground water 4. Liquid waste ground water  Contamination  CSTP and CETP are proposed to treat the  APIIC / Individual and soil of ground sewage and effluent generated from Industries water and soil individual industries respectively. supervised by  If any industry will give shock loads APIIC COD more than 6000mg/l or BOD more than 1200mg/l this will be controlled by implementing online TOC meters at each industry outlet.

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Likely Impacts Relevant and their Environmental S. significance in Proposed Responsible Agency Activity components No. the absence of Mitigation Measures for Implementation likely to be Mitigation impacted Measures  The TOC analyzers will control and incase of higher values it will re-circulate back into the industries guard ponds to ensure proper working of CETP 5. Solid waste Groundwater  Impact due to  Composted bio-degradable waste will be  APIIC / Individual management and Soil quality disposal of used as manure for greenbelt. Industries solid waste on  Non compostable and non-recyclable waste supervised by ground will be sent to municipal. APIIC without  Other recyclable wastes will be sold to treatment APPCB authorised recyclers.  Temporary storage of hazardous waste by individual industries within the industry premises for a period of 90 days.  Hazardous wastes will be sent to TSDF proposed within the MIP. 6. Handling of Fire accidents  Human life  Hazardous materials will be stored as per  APIIC / Individual hazardous due to products and loss of the prescribed/approved safety norms. Industries

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Likely Impacts Relevant and their Environmental S. significance in Proposed Responsible Agency Activity components No. the absence of Mitigation Measures for Implementation likely to be Mitigation impacted Measures materials handling property  Medical facilities including first aid will be supervised by available for attending to injured workers. APIIC  Emergency alarms, provision of fire hydrant system and fire station.  Effective Disaster Management Plan (DMP) which covers onsite and offsite emergency plans.  Recovery of spills to the extent possible 7. Operation of Socio-  During operational phase, the MIP and other industries are likely  APIIC / Individual Industries economic to generate direct employment of 7000 peoples. In addition, Industries conditions of there is wide variety of jobs that are generated in the form of supervised by the region indirect employment (e.g. hotel business, small eateries, APIIC construction, transport, etc.). This project may generate indirect employment up to 30000.Local people will be given preference based on their qualification and skill set. Together with this employment potential, project will help to enhance the socio economic conditions of the area with better schooling,

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Likely Impacts Relevant and their Environmental S. significance in Proposed Responsible Agency Activity components No. the absence of Mitigation Measures for Implementation likely to be Mitigation impacted Measures communication and transport facilities that will be developed/ triggered as a part of overall economic development of the region Natural As given in Disaster Management Plan (DMP) prepared; Site Main Hazards controller will act as the overall in-charge of the control of educative, protective and rehabilitation activities to ensure least damage to life and property. Induced Offers an efficient and cost effective supply chain/ value proposition Development to the local importers and exporters.

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9.9 Budgetary Estimate for Environmental Management

The budgetary estimate (Capital Cost) for Environmental Management is INR 370.8 Crores and the annual recurring cost is INR 3.85 Crores. The breakup of cost is given in Table 9-8.

Table 9-8 Budget for Environmental Management

S. Purpose Cost items Capital cost Annual No. in Crore Operating (INR) cost in Crores (INR) 1. Greenbelt Plantation 2.8 0.5 development

2. Solid waste Dustbins, Waste storage shed, 3.5 0.5 Management composting yard etc

3. Environmental Monitoring of environmental 1.0 Monitoring parameters like Ambient Air, water, soil, noise etc.

4. Water Pollution Construction of CETP &CSTP 25 1.0 Control And providing effluent and sewer line

5. Storm water Provision of storm water drains, 339 0.5 drainage man holes, recharge pits

6 Occupational Provision of facilities for doctor, 0.5 0.35 Health Centre first aid etc within the MIP

Total Cost 370.8 3.85

9.10 CSR Initiatives in the Study Area

The concept and implementation of Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) has become imperative due to the intense debate of developmental growth versus welfare based development. As long as the business development is in synergy with social development, the social conflict will not arise. Some of the proposals of CSR are suggested for APIIC and to be implemented. CSR funds will be allocated as per Ministry of Economic Affairs Rules.

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APIIC - MIP Phasing of CSR Initiatives

APIIC is primarily focused on healthcare, primary education, public hygiene & sanitation, Women’s welfare, Students Skill Development and rural development. All activities are developed and implemented by APIIC based on need assessment through discussions with local communities, and government departments. Project appraisals are done periodically by combining community feedback with evaluation metrics developed by the Foundation. These metrics include patient footfall, health indicators, feedback from teachers, community satisfaction etc. Various areas in which APIIC will be concentrating on CSR activities are given below and the approximate allocation of funds for CSR activities are given in Table 9-9.

 Health: The existing infrastructure can be upgraded or additional health centre may be provided. Health Check up and free medication camp can be conducted with the help of social service organizations.

 Public hygiene and sanitation: The awareness of hygiene and sanitation is very low in the area. With help of NGOs and Schools, the awareness campaign can be conducted.

 Skill development: Rural youth can be trained by capacity building, vocational education for their better opportunities in local and other areas. Migration can be mitigated by providing job opportunities for local youths by imparting them training and education.

 Women welfare: More specific initiatives can be taken up for women health programme, skill development and women entrepreneurship can be organized to improve the stature of the women in the district.

Table 9-9 Budget for CSR activities S.No Activity Capital Cost (Lakhs Operating Cost Rs.) (Lakhs Rs.) 1 Health 50 2.0

2 Public Hygiene and - 1.5 sanitation

3 Skill development 25 2.5

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4 Women welfare 15 1.5

Total 90 7.5

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CHAPTER 10 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

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10. SUMMARY & CONtCLUSION 10.1 Introduction

10.1.1 Project Background APIIC proposes to develop a Mega Industrial Park with a total area of 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Ha) at Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram, Thollaganganapalli, Ambavaram & Rampathadu Villages, covering Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur & Pendlimarri Mandals, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh State. The Mega Industrial Park will cater to the socio-economic development of the region. There are totally 219 units proposed for the proposed site. 10.1.2 Overview of APIIC Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Limited (APIIC), an undertaking of Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, is a premier organization in the state, vested with the objective of providing Industrial infrastructure through development of Industrial Parks and Special Economic Zones. Over 253 Industrial Parks have been established throughout the State, covering an extent of over 1,30,000 acres. The Industrial Parks and Special Economic Zones are playing a pivotal role, in attracting investments to the State both domestic & foreign by providing multiple incentives. Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Ltd. was formed in 1973 by the GO No: 831 dated 10-SEP-1973 issued by Government of Andhra Pradesh. 10.1.3 Location of Project Site The Industrial Park is proposed at Kopparthy, Tadigotla, Yadavapuram, Thollaganganapalli, Ambavaram, and Rampathadu villages of Chintakomma Dinne, Vallur and Pendlimarri Mandals, YSR Kadapa district in Andhra Pradesh State. The site is located at 6 Km from Kadapa and 1.26 Km from Krishnapuram with an area of 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Hectares).The sitefalls in 57H/9 of SOI Topo sheet and spatial location of the site is 12 48’ 3.22” N & 79 39’ 35.22” E (Centre Coordinates). 10.1.4 Need and Justification of Project site Indian economy has witnessed tremendous growth in the last decade primarily due to the contributions made by the exports. In order to augment the growth of the exports the Government has to setup IPs, SEZs, Industrial Estates (IEs), etc., which would provide a hassle free and internationally competitive environment for companies. The exports have been facilitated by the growth in a number of industries such as chemical industries, Petro chemical, pharmaceutical, textiles, engineering industries, etc.

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To achieve the growth target, AP government/APIIC intends to propose new IP in Kadapa.This is one of the very big Greenfield in Andhra Pradesh, for proposing various kinds of Industries. The project seeks to fulfil the following objectives:

1. Primarily to fulfil the demands of a large world market. 2. Generate substantial export earnings. 3. Create a variety of products from different industries. APIIC has been already finalized the area for Mega industrial park since it is located adjacent to state highway. Airport is the additional added advantage for the business and socio economic development and improvement for the district. Very good State Highways, National Highways and rail networks connect the industrial park with the added advantage of Kadapa Airport at a distance of 1Km from project site.

10.2 Project Description

M/s. APIIC ltd proposes to set up a Mega industrial park within an area of 6553.04 Acres. The entire land is in possession of APIIC. There are approximately 219 plots proposed for the site. The proposed industries are classified as Red Orange and green category. The area breakup of allotment is given in Table 10-1. The individual plot area to be allotted for each industry is given in the Master Plan.

Table 10-1 Area breakup for proposed Mega Industrial Park S.No. Proposal Area (Acres) Area (%) 1 Total land area 6553.04 100 2 Plotted Area 2973.77 45.38 3 Common Facilities 203.36 3.10 4 Commercial Area 56.15 0.86 5 Tanks 216.93 3.31 6 Roads 897.76 13.70 7 Open Space 694.62 10.60 8 Green belt 1510.45 23.04 10.2.1 Water requirement and wastewater generation Water requirement for construction phase is proposed as 250 KLD and operation phase is 35150 KLD for industrial and domestic use. Fresh water requirement is 30515 KLD. Recycled water to be used for utilities is 4635 KLD. Water requirement for green belt is 21501 KLD which Page 318 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh will be met from recycled water. Fresh Water requirement will be met from Adinimmayapalli Reservoir located at 8.2 km away from proposed park. The sewage generated from industries will be treated in proposed CSTPs each of 200 KLD and 350 KLD and the effluent generated from industries will be treated in proposed CETPs each of 10000 KLD, 2000 KLD, 2500 KLD and 12000KLD. 10.2.2 Wastewater Treatment It is proposed to provide CSTP s of 2 numbers each of capacity 200 KLD and 350 KLD to treat the sewage generated from the industries. The sewer line from industries to proposed CSTP is also to be provided. Treated sewage will be used for gardening. It is proposed to provide CETP of 4 numbers each of capacity 10000 KLD, 2000 KLD, 2500 KLD and 12000KLD to treat the effluent generated from the industries. Effluent linefrom industries to CETP is also to be provided. Treated effluent will be used for utilities/ process by the industries. Zero Liquid Discharge concept is proposed.

10.2.3 Storm Water drainage Storm water drainage channel will be proposed along the main road and internal roads. Storm water manholes of 350 nos. 0.6m x 0.6 m, recharge pits – 1800 nos. of 1.2 m dia and 3.0 m depth are proposed along the storm water drain and the excess storm water will be connected to the existing tanks at the site. 10.2.4 Solid Waste Management During construction phase, approximately 300 Kg/day of Municipal Solid Waste will be generated. Manpower considered as 600 nos. Solid waste and scrap will be generated and will be suitably disposed off. During operation phase, the total waste generated will be 3500 Kg/ day (Man power considered is 7000 nos. During full operation). Organic waste of 1575 Kg/ day and Inorganic waste of 1925 Kg/day is estimated to be generated during full operation of the industrial Park. Area proposed for waste management is around 5000Sq.m will be allotted for MSW processing. Individual Industries will be insisted to dispose their hazardous waste generated to the common TSDF facility proposed at site. Till it is established, the individual industries will dispose to TSDF already existing at Visakhapatnam. The salt generated from the CETP (Evaporator) will be disposed in the same manner.

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10.2.5 Power Requirement The overall tentative power requirement for the proposed project will be approximately 369 MVA and the source of power is APEPDCL. 10.2.6 Green Belt An area of 1510.45 Acres (23.04%) is earmarked for green belt development. Apart from this open area of 694.62 Acres (10. 59%) is also proposed for green belt. Hence the total area for green belt is 2205.07 Acres (33.65%). APIIC will also insist on providing green belt by individual industry units, so that more than 33 % green belt will be developed within the park. Green belt also will be proposed on the median of roads and avenue plantation. 10.2.7 Project Cost The total capital investment on the project is INR 130.575 Crores. The project will be implemented after obtaining Environmental Clearance and Consent for Establishment. The tentative schedule for development of Infrastructure will be 24 to 36 Months after obtaining Environmental Clearance and Consent for Establishment.

10.3 Description of Environment

The primary baseline data monitored covered three (3) months i.e., from September to November 2016, and secondary data was collected from Government and Semi-Government organisations. The core study area is the project area and its immediate surroundings to the tune of 1.0 Km radius from the boundary. The project area is the land where the project is being developed. Further the Project Impact/Influence Area (PIA) is 10Km from the boundary of the core area covering Chintakomma DinneTehsil, Kadapa (Y.S.R) district of Andhra Pradesh. Ecologically sensitive areas like Ganganapalle Reserve Forest and Extension were found within 4 Km radius in the southern region of the project site andTummuluru Reserve Forest and Extension were found in western region of the project site 9km, except these Pankolda Reserve Forest and Extension, Kolumulapalle Reserve Forest, Lankamalla Reserve Forest and Extensionlocated within 15 Km radius from proposed project site. 10.3.1 Meteorological Conditions  Daily maximum temperature during the study period is 34.8ºC and the daily minimum temperature is 21.7ºC were recorded in the months of September 16 and November 16 respectively  Maximum and minimum relative humidity of 79% and 57% were recorded in the months of September to November respectively Page 320 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

 Maximum and minimum Mean wind speed during the study period is 2.6 m/s and 1.9 m/s.  Predominant wind direction is NE. 10.3.2 Ambient Air Environment Eight monitoring locations were selected for monitoring of Ambient Air Quality within the study area. Maximum concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, Pb, O3, NH3, C6H6, C20 H12, As & Ni are well within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Industrial, Commercial and Residential areas at all monitoring locations during the study period. 10.3.3 Noise Quality  Day equivalent noise levels (Ld) ranged between 54.0 dB(A) to 78.0 dB (A)  Night equivalent noise levels (Ln) ranged between 44.0 dB (A) to 73.0 dB (A).  The field observations during the study period indicate that the ambient noise levels slightly exceeded the prescribed standards for all noise zones as per the limits prescribed by MoEF&CC. 10.3.4 Water Quality The prevailing status of water quality at 8 sampling locations for ground water and 4 sampling locations for surface water has been assessed during September – November 2016 Surface water  Surface waters are slightly alkaline in nature, pH ranged between 8.04 and 8.13  Electrical Conductivity (EC) ranged between 218 µS/cm and 344 µS/cm  Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) ranged between 132 mg/l and 217 mg/l  Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) recorded maximum of 3.5 mg/l  Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ranged between 2.0 mg/l and 7.4 mg/l  Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ranged between 5.8 mg/l and 6.2 mg/l  Total Hardness (as CaCO3) ranged between 40 mg/l and 108 mg/l  Calcium (Ca) ranged between 7.2 mg/l and 23.2 mg/l  Magnesium ranged between 4.3 mg/l and 12.5 mg/l  Chlorides ranged between 18.1 mg/l and 21.9 mg/l  Sulphates ranged between 8.1 mg/l and 27.1 mg/l  Nitrates value ranged between 1.24 mg/l and 3.66 mg/l  Sodium (Na) ranged between 25.0 mg/l and 45.0 mg/l  Potassium(K) ranged between 1.0 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l

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 Iron (Fe) ranged between 0.22 mg/l and 1.43 mg/l  Zinc (Zn) ranged between 0.02 mg/l and 0.31 mg/l  Concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu) ,Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Arsenic (As), Manganese (Mn) and Mercury (Hg) are observed to be below detectable limits at all locations  It is inferred that all the parameters for surface water samples are within the limits specified of IS 10500 (2012): Drinking Water, Acceptable limit. Ground Water  pH ranged between 7.73 and 8.32  Electrical Conductivity (EC) varied between 1045 µS/cm and 2234 µS/cm  Total dissolved solids ranged between 643 mg/l and 1395 mg/l

 Total alkalinity (as CaCO3) varied between 210 mg/l and 320 mg/l

 Total hardness (as CaCO3) ranged between 195 mg/l and 583 mg/l  Calcium (as Ca) ranged between 43 mg/l and 146 mg/l  Magnesium (as Mg) ranged between 22 mg/l and 53 mg/l  Chlorides (as Cl-) ranged between 109 mg/l and 382 mg/l  Fluorides as (F-) ranged between 1.18 mg/l to 3.42 mg/l

 Sulphates (as SO4) ranged between 39 mg/l and 123 mg/l

 Nitrates (as NO3) ranged between 4.83 mg/l and 46.8 mg/l  Zinc (Zn) ranged between 0.01 mg/l and 0.06 mg/l  Iron (Fe) ranged between 0.17 mg/l and 0.42mg/l  The concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Arsenic (As), and Mercury (Hg) are observed to be below detectable limits at all locations 10.3.5 Soil In order to assess the quality of soil at different locations in the study area, various land use categories were taken into account. Soil sampling was carried out at Eight (08) locations in the study area.  Silty Clay type soils are dominant in the study area  pH of soils ranged between 7.58 and 8.52  Electrical Conductivity varied between 54 µmhos/cm and 304 µmhos/cm  Nitrogen (N) varied between 46.8 Kg/ha and 436 Kg/ha

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 Phosphorous (P) varied between 54.2 Kg/ha and 720 Kg/ha  Potassium (K) varied between 216 Kg/ha and 864 Kg/ha  Moisture Content varied between 1.43 % and 13.93%  Bulk density varied between 1.16 gm/cc and 1.37 gm/cc  Zinc (Zn) varied between 4.2 mg/kg and 28 mg/kg  Iron (Fe) varied between 104 mg/kg and 942 mg/kg  Manganese (Mn) varied between 2.4 mg/kg and 15.6 mg/kg  Lead (Pb) varied between 11 mg/kg and 23 mg/kg 10.3.6 Biological Environment Baseline biological survey was carried out to assess the ecology of the study area. The study area has open forest cover in the western region. Large tracts of the land are under Paddy, cotton, maize and chilli cultivation. There are no endangered / Scheduled species found within the study area. 10.3.7 Socio Economic Environment The project area of 10 Km radius has the population of 5,07,494. The Kadapa city comes under the project area. The project area is more urbane as 72.71% of the population is in the urban area.  Total households within the study area was 104054, Total population – 452714. The male and female ratio is 50.27 and 49.73 respectively. The child population is 51795.  The health facility is available in the project area as Kadapa is the part of the project area. The ambulance service and vehicular services are available for emergency. There is a District Hospital provides multi specialized health services in Kadapa town. Also, many Private hospitals and practitioners are available. There is no infectious disease in the project area. The people have adopted the institutional delivery system. The Maternal Mortality Rate and Infant Mortality rate have reduced significantly due to the availability of health care facility in rural area, skilled manpower, economic factor, education and awareness.  Tap water is the main source of drinking water. The people are aware of the importance of purified water. NTR Sujala Pathakam drinking water scheme is being implemented in the rural areas. In the case of Sanitation, access to the toilets is

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very low. Once the area is industrialized fully, due to the migrants and local population growth, the sanitation situation will go from bad to worse.  The project area has a good number of educational institutions and well connected by road services. The dropout rate is falling over the period due to the accessibility of schools and awareness of the importance of education. The dropout rate of the district is 9.88 (Source: DISE:2013-14 for primary level).The primary schools need some basic facilities, educational materials for imparting quality education for rural children to compete with their urban counterparts. The upcoming industries could provide them as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility and to win the confidence in the area.The area has a good number of higher education intuitions like Arts and Science Colleges, Engineering Colleges and other technical and Health Institutions. The students have to be provided quality skill development for getting employment opportunities in upcoming industries.  The literacy rate of people within 5 Km radius is 63.39%, but the literacy rate of the study area between 5km to 10 km is 78.17% which better than distract average (67.30%).  Agriculture is the main occupation of the district. Nearly 60% (59.53%) of workers are involved in the agriculture and allied occupation. Of the total farmers, 22% of farmers belong to marginal farmers and 33% belong to a small farmer category. Only 30-35% of the area covered by irrigation and remaining area is under rainfed. The major irrigation project is KC Canal and the medium irrigation projects are Mylavaram, Upper and Lower Sagileru, Pincha etc.The principal crops can be classified as cereals, pulses, oilseeds and other crops.  There are many Cement, Power and other industries in the district. Kadapa Yerraguntla. Pulivendula, Proddatur Industrial estates are very close to the proposed Industrial estate. Baarathi Cements, Zuari Cements, India cements are reputed industries in the area.

10.4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures

 APIIC proposes development of MIP in an area of about 6553.04 Acres (2651.92 Ha). The complete land for development of MIP is in possession of APIIC Ltd for more than two years. The land is devoid of any settlements and there will be some

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land acquisition and Resettlement or Rehabilitation for development of the proposed project.  Sewage generated from various industries will be treated in proposed CSTP. Effluent generated from industries will be treated in proposed CETP followed by RO & ZLD. Rejects from RO will be treated in existing Multiple Effect Evaporator of MIP. Salts generated from MEE will be disposed to TSDF.  Treated wastewater from CSTP will be used for green belt development/Toilet Flushing within MIP premises and treated effluents from CETP will be reused as non potable water for various applications (mostly utilities). Discharge of wastewater on land is not permitted and there will not be any impacts due to contamination of soil, ground and surface water (canals & numerous village ponds) in and around the project sites, so that the proposed system will be Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system.  There are no national parks, wildlife sanctuaries or biosphere reserves within 10 km radius from the MIP site. Except Ganganapalle Reserve Forest which is 4.0Km away from proposed MIP towards South and Tummuluru Reserve Forest which is 9.0Km away from the proposed MIP towards West.  Hazardous materials such as lubricants, paints, compressed gases, and varnishes etc., will be stored as per the prescribed/approved safety norms.  Hazardous wastes will be disposed through approved APPCB vendors. Hazardous materials will be stored as per prescribed safety norms in locations with restricted entry and with fire-fighting facilities.  Modeling was done using Aeromod for calculating the ground level concentration. The predicted GLC for utility stacks and DG stacks for SOx, NOx and PM were found within the NAAQ standards.  All Process units in the plant will be provided with APC measures of Suitable Wet Double Stage Scrubbers with Acid & Alkali Provision followed by Dry Scrubber with Activated Carbon media then routed to stack calculated as per MoEF&CC guidelines.Wet Scrubber circulation water has to be routed to Effluent stream for further treatment. Online Analyzers will be mounted for continuous monitoring as per CPCB Guidelines.

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 All boilers will be provided with APC measures of Multicyclone & Bag Filters then routed to stack calculated as per MoEF&CC guidelines. Online Analyzers to be mounted for continuous monitoring as per CPCB Guidelines.  All DG sets will be provided with stack & Acoustic measures as per CPCB Guidelines. Use of low sulphur diesel will minimize the emissions from D.G set. Location of DG sets and other emission generating equipment will be decided keeping in view the predominant wind direction so that emissions do not effect nearby residential areas.

10.5 Analysis of Alternative Site

The proposed MIPland has acquired in the year 2014. No alternative site was analysed for the Industrial park due to the following reasons. • 100% Land is under possession of APIIC • No R&R Issues since the land is under possession of APIIC • Site is well connected by road, rail and Air way • Nearest Highway connecting NH-18 (2.4 Km – E) and SH-31(6.9 Km- E) • Location of Adinimmayapalli reservoir at a distance of 8.2 Km which is proposed as water source. • Government Order to provide water supply for the proposed Industrial Park.

10.6 Environmental Monitoring Programme

Environmental monitoring programme for both construction and operation phases of the project. During construction phase, monitoring locations are formulated as given below e Ambient air quality- 8 locations, noise levels- 8 locations, water quality(ground water- 8 locations, surface water- 4 locations), soil quality -8 locations and Meteorology. In the operation phase, the monitoring locations are proposed as given below. Ambient air quality- 8 locations, noise levels- 8 locations, water quality(ground water- 8 locations, surface water- 4 locations), soil quality -8 locations, Meteorology, effluent quality at both inlet and outlets – at 4 CETPs, sewage quality at both inlet and outlet – at 2 CSTP, sewage sludge – from 2 CSTPs. The budget for Environmental monitoring for a year during construction phase is proposed as Rs. 27 Lakhs and during operation phase is proposed as Rs. 89.95 Lakhs.

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10.7 Additional Studies

A disaster is a catastrophic situation in which suddenly, people are plunged into helplessness and suffering and, as a result, need protection, clothing, shelter, medical & social care and other necessities of life. The Disaster Management Plan (DMP) is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage operations in this same order of priorities. For effective implementation of DMP, it should be widely circulated and a personnel training is to be provided through rehearsals/drills. To tackle the consequences of a major emergency at the project location or its immediate vicinity, a DMP has been formulated. The objective of the DMP is to make use of the combined resources of the project facilities and the outside services to achieve the following: • Effective rescue and medical treatment of casualties • Safeguard other people • Minimize damage to property and the environment • Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control • Identify any dead • Provide for the needs of relatives • Provide authoritative information to the news media • Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area • Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into the cause and circumstances of the emergency. A framework for DMP was prepared to minimize damages in the event of a disaster. An institutional framework with clear assignment of roles and responsibilities was prepared with which location of Emergency Control Centre and Assembly Points will be identified. Communication system and alarm systems for effective communication in the event of a disaster are identified.

10.8 Project Benefits

The project area covers within MIP is classified as an important industrial park for integrated over all development by the APIIC. This MIP is going to benefit the entire region for fast track development. It will improve the overall socioeconomic growth of the region.

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10.9 Environmental Management Plan

The main objectives of Environmental Management are to; • Identify key environmental issues envisaged to be encountered during construction and operation phases of the project. • Provide guidelines for appropriate mitigation measures • Establish systems and procedures for implementing mitigation measures • Ensure the mitigation measures are being implemented • Monitor the effectiveness of mitigation measures • Institutional framework includes the responsibilities for environment management as well as responsibility for implementing environmental measures • Take necessary prompt action when unforeseen impacts occur Based on the above objectives in mind, the following specific environmental management plan/measures are discussed; • Administrative and Technical Setup for Environmental Management • Rainwater harvesting • Occupational health and safety • Framework for environmental management to mitigate the environmental impacts, which are likely to arise due to the construction and operational phases of the project to be achieved through a suitable institutional mechanism. • Budget for EMP is proposed as Rs. 370.8 Crores as capital cost and Rs. 3.85 Crores as operational cost. • Budget for CSR initiative is proposed as Rs. 90 Lakhs as capital cost and Rs.7.5 Lakhs as operational cost.

10.10 Conclusion

Typically any developmental projects trigger a set of environmental and social impacts. These environmental and social impacts (proposed development will not envisage any resettlement) due to development projects occur in different forms. An Environmental Impact Assessment has been carried out to study the potential environmental and social impacts due to the proposed MIP project. Potential environmental and social impacts due to the proposed development on attributes like air quality, noise, water quality, soil, flora, socio-economic, etc. have been assessed as part of this EIA study. Appropriate mitigation measures to help minimize/avoid

Page 328 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh impacts from the development have been recommended. The measures include avoidance measures, mitigation measures and environmental enhancement measures. Anticipated project impacts and prevailing environmental issues are manageable and can be avoided or mitigated or minimized to acceptable standards. Potential impacts have been identified attributable to the proposed project and most of which are localized and temporary in nature and can be mitigated with minor to negligible residual impacts. The effective implementation and close supervision of environmental management to mitigate the environmental impacts could be achieved through a suitable institutional mechanism proposed in this EIA.

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CHAPTER-11 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

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11.DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT ENGAGED In order to assess the potential environmental impacts due to the proposed development of Mega Industrial Park at Kopparthy, APIIC Limited has engaged Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Limited, Chennai to undertake EIA study. The nature of consultancy service rendered covers terrestrial environmental assessment.

11.1 Brief Profile of Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd. (HECS)

 Enviro Care Systems was started in the year of 1997 by Dr. J.R.Moses with the vision to serve the world in all environmental related problems by completing the latest technological advancements available.  In the year 2004, Enviro Care Systems became Hubert Enviro Care Systems (P) Ltd after having collaboration with Hubert Stavoren B.V. for higher Technology.  The company provides total pollution control solutions to several industries like Thermal Power Plant, Pharma, R&D Facilities, Electroplating and Manufacturing, IT Parks, Residential Complexes, Dairies, Food Processing, Textile mills, Breweries, etc.  The company is specialized in executing projects right from concept development, supply, erection, commissioning and operation on turnkey basis. HECS has successfully executed more than 200 environmental engineering projects for various industrial sectors both in India and overseas.  HECS has state-of-art facilities to provide quality environmental consultancy and engineering solutions. Strengths of HECS

Total no of Employees : 674 No of Employees engaged in EIA : 105 Consultancy : 25 Laboratory : 80 Projects : 13 Operation & Maintenance : 556

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QCI-NABET Accreditation

Consultancy Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd., Chennai NABET Accreditation No. NABET/EIA/1619/RA 0083 MoEF Reg Lab F.No. Q-15018/29/2007-CPW National Accreditation Board for Education & Training (NABET) is a constituent board of the Quality Council of India (QCI). QCI, NABET has accredited HECS for carrying out Category ‘A & Category B’ EIA studies in the following sectors:

1. Mining of minerals including Open cast only (Sector # 1 as per NABET scheme) 2. *Offshore and onshore oil and gas exploration development & production (Sector # 2 as per NABET scheme) 3. Thermal Power Plants (Sector # 4 as per NABET scheme) 4. Metallurgical Industries (Ferrous and Non Ferrous)(Sector # 8 as per NABET scheme) 5. Cement Plants (Sector # 9 as per NABET scheme) 6. Petroleum refining industry (Sector # 10 as per NABET scheme) 7. Petro-chemical complexes (industries based on processing of petroleum fractions & natural gas and/or reforming to aromatics) (Sector # 18 as per NABET scheme) 8. Petrochemical Based Processing (Sector # 20 as per NABET scheme) 9. Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & dye intermediates, bulk drugs and intermediates excluding drug formulations, synthetic rubbers, basic organic chemicals, other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical intermediates) (Sector # 21 as per NABET scheme) 10. Isolated storage and handling of Hazardous Chemicals ((Sector # 28 as per NABET scheme) 11. *Industrial Estates/Parks/Complexes/Areas, Export Processing Zone (EPZs), Special Economic Zones (SEZs), Biotech Parks and Leather Complexes (Sector # 31 as per NABET scheme) 12. Building and large construction projects including shopping malls, multiplexes, commercial complexes, housing estates, hospitals, institutions (Sector # 38 as per NABET scheme) 13. Townships and Area development projects (Sector # 39 as per NABET scheme)

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Note:-List ‘A’ – Accredited EIA Consultant Organizations Complying with Version 3 of the Scheme – as on 5thSeptember, 2017 (#)Further details may be seen on the following URL:www.hecs.in.

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