Order in Council 1465/1928

14131;

Approved and ordered this 192 8 - dfra 09 it 411 over/ref:

At the Executive Council Chamber, Victoria, PRESENT:

The Honourable in the Chair. Mr. Pooley Mr. Hovre Mr. Lhelly Mr. McKenzie Mr. Atkinson Mr. ilinchl if f e Mr. CI) Mr.

To His Honour The Lieutenant-Governor in Council: ol cis Sig 0 I 1015-0 15-0 . The undersigned has the honour to report: -

THAT pursuant to Section 14 of the "Electrical Energy Inspection Act", the Rules and provisions contained in Part 1 of The Canadian Electrical Code, promulgated by the Canadian Engineering Standards Association as publication C22-1927, including the provisions and definitions contained in Section 1 of said Part, slush is available in the printed form herewith, be adopted and Lade regulations under the said Act, with the exceptions Yr d 'Puri nti ons following:- (a) The definitions of "Inspection Department" and "Inspeotor" in Section 1, and Rules 201, 202, and 209 (b), and Sections (h) to (o), both inclusive, of Rule 805 shall not be adopted. (b) The following definition shall be inserted in Section 1 in substitution for the definition of "Inspection Department"

"Inspection Department: The Chief Inspector or any Inspeotor of Electrical Energy appointed for the purposes of the !El- ectrical Energy Inspection Act!. In the application of these Rules in a municipality the term Inspection Department shall, in addition to the foregoing, include any Electrical Ins ctor or other officer appointed by the Municipal Council to enforce the Electrical Energy Inspection Act." (o) Rule 512 (a) shall be var i al by adding the words "by special permission" after the word "or" in the second line thereof. (2) The following shall be adopted in substitution for

Sections (h) to (o) of Rule 805:-

All A.C. motors of 5 H.P., or less shall be controlled and operated by totally enclosed and externally operated switches of the quiok-break type or other approved starting devices. For motors not over H.P.. a snap switch may be used if this switch is of a typo specially approved for this purpose. These switches or starting devices shall be independent of the entrance switch and shall be installed on the load side of the meter.

(1) A.C. motors not larger than 10 H.P. and having a rated speed of 1800 H.P.M. and less if furnished with air or oil motor starting switches of the free handle type or remote control contactors, and provided with overload inverse time limit protection Allah will limit the protection to valves not more than as provided in Section (g) need not be provided with ocmpensators. Motors of 20 H.P. , or less having a rated speed of not more than 1800 R.P.M. may be need without compeneatXore by permission from the Power Supply Company. (j) High-torque motors having high reactance motors, or motors that have automatically inserted in their windings at the time of starting resistance or reactance whioh will limit the starting protection to a value of not more than as provided in Section (g). need not be provided with compensators for all sizes up to 100 H.P., if provided with approved starting equipment.

(k) The inverse-tine-limit protection shall be of the manual re-set type, and the over-load protection shall be obtained through the use of thermal or magnetio overload relays. The motors shall be protected during the starting and running. Resetting of the relays after the overload has subsided shall be nannal unless it is necessary due to operating conditions, to have the re-set automatic.

(1) Compensators shall be equipped with low-voltage protection and if provided with over-load protection which will limit the starting current of the motor to values not greater than permitted in Section (g), the over-load protection may take the place of the running fuses.

(m) Where the unexpected re-starting of any motor would probably cause injury or fire, or *ere amotor of more than I H.P. drives a group of maohines, such motors shall be provided with suitable protection devices that will automatically open the circuit to the motor upon the failure of the voltage, and cause such circuit to remain open until manually reolosed.

(n) Eaoh motor with its starting device shall be controlled by an externally operated switch Whioh will disconnect all underground conductors. The switch shall have a continu- ours duty rating at least equal to the carrying capacity of the conductors between the motor and its running overload proteotive device.

Motor-starting switches, controllers, and remote control starters shall be located within eight of the motor, or within eight of the machinery driven by the motor.

An automatic low-voltage relez.lee device shall be provided for all alternating current motors with a rating of over 5 H.P. and on all direct ourrent motors with a rating of 1 H.P. and over. (4) Adjustable speed motors, if controlled by means of field regulation shall be so equipped and connected that they cannot be started under weakened field. If the motor is supplied by a separate branch circuit whioh is individually controlled by a switch, then such branch switch mey serve as a switch required in Section (n) of this Rule, provided that this switch is so arranged that it can be looked in the open position. (a) Metal cculuit, terminating at cabinets or casings whioh enclose switohes, starters, or control equipment, shall proper ly enter and be secured to such enolosures, except where conductors terminate at resistanoe grids and similar places. Terminal boxes or casings shall be provided for all control elpipmaat. Metal conduit, armoured cable, and similar equipment terminating at motors shall properly enter and be secured to a terminal box or casing attached to the motor frame and enclosing the motor terminal leads. This seotion shall not apply to the secondary leads terminating at any slipring motor, provided there are no bare live parts, and provided that the open leads shall be protected with cord or tape or by other suitable means. (t) Each motor shall be provided with proper starting epip- ment bearing the maker's name, its rating in horsepower, volts and amperes, if for alternating ourrent, and the number of phases which may be readily seen after such device has been installed. When a motor is rebuilt or resound, with any change in its rating or oharaokerimtios, it shall be provided with a name plate giving the name of the person or firm by whom such change was made, and giving the new rating and charaoteristios in the same detail as speoified above.

THAT the said Rules, provisions, and definitions, with the exoeptions and variations subject to Allah they are so adopted, shall govern the installation, erection, and use in any premises of electrical equipment operating or intended to operate, at potentials up to 5000 volts, inclusive. THAT Order-in-Council No. 376, approved 17th day of April, 1928, and all regulations made thereby, by rescinded.

Dated this :lft day of Deoember A.D. 1928.

771 6/? Minister of Public Wor.

APPROVTD this :21st A.D. 1928, Dece! 14/ /11 Presiding Member of the /beauty' Council

IN0. vi•rf• ONLY ON ONE wet. Or THE 1.1 ALL CONNUNic•TN3N• •ns to wit ..... o To TN, 10 1.1.•N To ONLY ON, •u•IiteT ON To MINNIT•11 ANO Pu•Lic Womx• 1.11■.■ •• ••11l1 ..... COLOINAC VicToniA. •,C. ONE wo.• IN • ..... 5150 Min.* to PILE No GOIUNIENT IN morn= a atom =MA Deoember 22nd DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS VICTORIA 19 28

Eleotrioal Energy Act,

MEMORANDUM-To the Deputy ivovinoial Seoretary

With referenoe to the attaohed draft order-in-oounoil, re the above matter, Mr. Pineo, Legislative Counsel states,

"Every oertified oopy of the Minute, after approval by His Honour, should be accompanied by a oopy of the identification slip attaohed."

Deputy Minister & Publio Works Engineer./(

PLM:MPS Mr. MacPherson states that he has taken the matter up with F.E.H. Winn, Esq., K.C. WorkemnIs Compensation Board, Vancouver.

l„ , 5150 Copy to the Deputy Provincial Secretary, FOR YOUR INFORMATION. PLHA3E.

Deoornber 27th 1 9 2 B

3lootriool :Mercy Inopeotion

Deeir 31v: -

Referring to yourn of the Mai inAnnt, no doubt the 0rovinoisl Sao:otory 11,2A mooned you lith oopy of Order-inmOounoil 30. 1465, apploreu on the 22nd inotnnt. 3inou it will be neonaalry S.) insert thane eriondo4 roeuletionn !n the H. O. anisette. I toll to ,l'o if y.lu wit! k ndly aend a reoule!tIon therdfor dirout to the 1:ingle printer with n uoly of tiu, notion rftioh you Ash inserted.

I would be el 4 to novo half n dOSKI Onpion of the aolley proofs for our reooldo. Kindly also mind us h if o Boson oopieo of the ',Canadian Blootrisal Code 022•1727".

Y uru obediently, (17 Dedaty ;Aniutor and lorks Huainaor. H. 3. 3. Winn, 3oq., Ohnirmqn, The Soremenfu Oompenngtion Board, Vnnuouvor, I. 0.

FLOW • THIS is the publioation C22- 1927 referred to in and a000m- panying Minute of Counoil dated the r, /J- day of December, 1928. ai;7-7- Minister of PublieWorks.

Presiding Member of the Executive Couno 11. pocc G6 /4/6...r/fIgs- C22 —1927 CANADIAN ENGINEERING STANDARDS ASSOCIATION

INCORMRATED 1919 • CANADIAN ELECTRICAL CODE

PART I

Essential Requirements and Minimum Standards

for Electrical Installations In, on, or over Buildings Using Potentials of from 0.50011 Volts

CANADIAN STANDARD 1927

by Ike CANADIAN ENGINEERING STANDARDS ASSOCIATION

Orrawa, Sirr 1927 2 CANADIAN ENGINEERING STANDARDS ASSOCIATION

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

No. A 1 —1912 Standard Specification for Steel Railway Bridges (second edition). A la-1922 Material Specifications. Steel Railway Bridges (reprint). C 2 —1920 Standard Requirements for Distribution Type Transformers. C 3 —1924 Standard Specification for Galvanised Telegraph and Tele- phone Wire (reprint). B 4 —1921 Standard Specification for Wire Rope for Mining. Dredging and Steam Shovel Purposes. A 3 —1917 Standard Specification for Portland Cement (second edition). A 6 —1922 Standard Specification for Steel Highway Bridge.. D 7 —1922 Standard Specification for Flexible Steel Wire Rope and Flex. 'We Strand for Aircraft Purposes. G B —1923 Standard General Specification for Commercial Bar Steels. A 9 —1923 Standard Specification. for Reinforcing Materials for Concrete. CIO —1913 Standard Specification for Tungsten Incandescent Lamm. D11 —1924 Interim Report on the Manufacture, Teeth's and Use of Gasoline. B12 —1924 Standard General Specification for Galvanised Steel Wire Strand. ELI —1924 Standard Specification for Railway Wire-Fencing and Gates. C14 —1924 Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Poles. C13 —1924 Standard Specification for Eastern Cedar Pole. A16 –.1924 Standard Specification for Steel Structures for Buildings. C17 —1923 Standard Requirements for A.C. VPatthour Meters. BIB —1923 Standard Specification for Stove Bolts. Ale —1926 Standard Classification of Items of Highway Expenditure. A20 —1927 Standard Specifications for Movable Bridge.. C21 —1927 Standard Specifications for Control Cable for Electrical Power Plant Equipment. C22 —1927 Canadian Electrical Code—Part I.

The above are on sale at 23 cents per copy, and may be obtained from:—

The Secretary,

Canadian Engineering Standards Association,

178 Queen Street,

Ottawa.

NOTE —IN otter go ha, Menge of progress in Ai iidnetries csamard, C.E.S.A. Publicaltons ere sad a:led go periodical mien.

SwggesIknu for exterminate, abased to the Secretory, tall be welcomed at all flower. They gall be recorded, mid in dye course bragged to the wake of the Con- willres elseased with the cffisicr11 of the document, to which they refer. C.R.S.A.—C21-1927—CANADIAN ELECTRICAL CODE. c• •• CONTENTS—PART I Page 6 i C.E.S.A. Main Committee C.E.S.A. Committees on Electrical Code 7a2 i . Preface 9 Object of Rules and Regulations II Scope and General Arrangement of Rules and RellabOom It 1 I List ol Sections 11 12 116 i • Index C.E.S.A. Sustaining Members 139

CODE SECTIONS AND RULES Section I —Definitions of Special Tenn. 13 Section 2 -General Rules Rule 01—Authority for Rule. and Permission foe Deviation therefrom 19 22—Permit. and Fees 19 03—Plan. and Specifications 19 04—Protection 20 03—Equipment and Workmandilp 20 06—Overhauling exining Innallations. 20 07—Interference of other Work 20 ug—Special Installations and Equipment II 06—Inspection Permits and Current Permit. 21 10—Considerations Affecting Approval 21 Section 3—Left Blank Section 4—Services Rule 401—Control and Protective Equipment 24 402—Location of Service Equipment 23 403—Service Conductors and Conduit 23 404—InnallatIon of Services 26 40S—Meten 26 406—High Potential Services 27 Section II—WirInIM•thode—Low Potentla Rule 301—Open wiring 2$ 302—Concealed Knob-and-Tube Week 501—Metal Conduit Work 3! 301—Annoured Cable Work 32 303—Surface Raceway Work 33 506—Underfloor Raceway, 34 307—Non-metallic sheathed Cable Work 34 505—Outlets 31 309—Bmements. Bathroom.. ete 39 510—Wiring on Exteriors of Buildings 39 311—Insulation Resistance 40 313—Use of Metal Conduit or Armoured Cable 40 313—Derived 3-wire Interior Synenn for Auto-tramformen used as Balancing Coils 41 Section 6—Conductors Rule 601—General 4 2 602—Flesible Cord 41 • 603—Neutral Conductors 44 604—Supporting of Conductors 44 6423—Mechankal Protection of Conductors 43 Section 7—Outlet 1301011 and Cabinets Rule 70I—Outlet Fittings 701—Cabinets and Cut-out Boxes 47

11040--- 4 C.1.5.4.—C33-1937--CANADIAN ELECTRICAL CODE.

CONTENTS—PART I.

Section 5—Protective and Control Equipment. Rule 001—General 49 602—Cut-outs--Genen1 49 1103—Switchee—General 33 501—Protection of Motor Circuits 33 503—Protection 04 Motors 34 506—Control and Protection of Generators 39

Section 9—Groundlag Rule 901—What to Ground eo 902—Conductsor % 60 9003—Equipmentnt 61 904-1Caposed non-currtal-carrying Metal Pasta 61 903—How to Ground 62 006—General 62 907—Connections to Grounding Concludes. 63 906--Grounding-Conductor 63 909—Connection to Ground Electrode 66 010—Ground Electrodes 66 Recommendations 67

/Section 20—Installation of Electrical Equipment. Rule 2001—General 6$ 2002—Rotating Electrical Machinery 44 20113—Transformer. GO 2004—Transformer Vaults 69 2003—Switchboards 10 2006—Storage Batteries 71 2007—Lightning Arresters 72 2006—Resistance Devices 73 2009—Heating Appliances 73 2010—Flatume 74 2011—Receptacle., Rosettes and Sockets 73 2012—Gas.61ied Incandescent Lamps 75 2013—Arc Lamps 76 2014—Mercury-vapour Lampe 76

Section 35-11loctrIc Cranes sod Hoists Rule 3001—Conductors 77 3002—Collector Hires 77 3007—Control and Protection of Circuits 17

Section 11—Pasimoler and Freight Elsivatamt Rule 3101—General 7$

Section 32-11seardous Locations Rule 3201—Where excessive Moisture or Water is present 79 3202—Where Connive Liquids or Vapours are present 79 3201—Where 1111hly Flammable or Explosive Materials are present. 40

Suction 33—Garages Rule 3301—Wiring—General gl 3302—Portables 3303—Generators and Motors $3 C.E.S.A.—C11.1917—CANADIAN ELECTRICAL CODE • CONTENTS—PART I.

Section 34—Motion Picture Studios Rule 3401—General 83

Section 1.8—Motion Picture Projectors and Equipment Rule 3601—General 114 3602-1 nstalUtions of the Professional Type 84

Section 36—Electrically Operated Organs Rule 3601—General S6

Section 37—Radio Installations Rule 3701—General ...... 87 3701—Recesivminig Stations SS 3703—Trntti ngStalions 90

Section 38—Signs end Outline Lighting Rule 3801—General 14 3801—Outline Lighting OS

Section 31-70mtre Installations

Rule 3901—General 3902—Emergency Lights ts 3903—Switchboards

3906—Footlights, Borders, Proscenium Sidelights, Strips and ti

Bunches e.

3905—Stage and Gallery Pockets ir

3906—Platoon on Scenery a 3907—String or Festooned light. 3908—Dreedna Rooms 3909—Portable Equipment 3910—Curtain Motors

3911—Stage Flues sssss

Section 48—Small Isolated Plants Rule 4001—General 100

Section 68--High Potential Installations Rule 3001—General 101 3003—Statk Condenser. 103 5003—Vacuum-tube Lighting Systems 102

Section 441-1Uuctek Communication Systems Rule 6001—General 103 6002—Outside Conductors 1/13 6003—In Buildings--General 104 6004—In Buildings—Where Outside Wiring of a Communi• cation System consist. of Aerial Conductors 100

Section 76—Maintenance and Operation Rule 7001—General 106

Appendix "A"—Appropriate Sits of Conduit for Conductors 107 Appendis "B"—Wiring Table for 2 per mat. drop In potential on 100 volts 109 Appendix "C"—Instructions for Resuscitation 110

seereelleteee 6 CANADIAN ENGINEERING STANDARDS ASSOCIATION

MAIN C011MMES

MR. II. H. VAUGHAN . .Reps ' g Inst. of Civil Engineers (Chairman) Da. J. B. Poona- ..... Represnoinp Inst. of Civil Engineers (Pus Chairman) Mc J. G. MORROW...... Steel Company of Canada, Ltd. (Vice Chairman) Ma. R. J. DunLny...... Engineering Inst. of Canada (Honorary Secretary) (Tire abort form she Executive Commillee).

PRO*. J. WATSON BAIN RtkIllelli in( University of Toronto Ma. F. L. C. BOND Canadian National Railways Ma. Arminian Boras Representing Ecole Pal ytechnique. Montreal MR. F. B. BROWN Repo...mains Engineering Inst. of Canada Ma. K. M. CANIRON Department of Public Works of Canada Mims. C. V. Owing Rept...ling McGill University Da A. L CLARE Queen's Univmity Ma. J. D. CRAIG Dept. of the Interior, Canada Coo. A. E. thrum Dept. of Railways and Canals, Canada Ma. G. H. DUGGAN . Dominion Brlege Co. Limited C0101ANDZI C. P. EDWARDS...... Radio Br. of Dept. of Marine and Fisheries Da. A. S. Eva, F.R.S Relents:int McGill University Ma. J. M. R. FAIRRAI1N Re 'mewing Inst. of Civil Engineers DEAN IL P. PRA111RINTONIIAucx Uniymity of Manitoba Ma. A. E. Foarasrat Portland Cement Asaociation, Vancouver Ma. F. A. GARY .. Hydro-Electric Power Com. of Ontario Ma. G. GORDON GALR Canadian Electrical Association Sin J. Geoaug GAMMA, Refortrnsling Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal Plot. L. W. Cut. Hamilton Technical Institute Palm. P. Gamuts .. Re pre:trains University of Toronto Ma. A. R. GOLD., Representing Can. Manufacturers Assoc. Da. J. H. GlIIDALE. Department of Agriculture. Canada Ma. E. II. GURNIT RtOrMIHIRA Can. Manufacturen Assoc. LT.-Coo. W. 1. Kincen.sv.... Dept. of National Defence, Canada 14a. 0. 0. Lianas's. . Representing F.cole Polytechniquc Montreal Mn. D. H. 11(cDoucAli. Rep. Can. Inst. of Mining and Metallurgy Ma. R. V. MACAULAY Bell Telephone Company of Canada DRAM H. M. MACKAY . &Pro/YAMS( McGill University DRAM C. J. IA AC1E1112111 Representing Engineering Inst. of Canada PROF. C. M. MCKVIGOW... Repromtling Engineering Inst. of Canada PROF. J. C. MCLINNAN RtfteltieliNg National Research Council Lr.-Coo. C. N. Mo . Consulting Engineer. Montreal Ma. Tom Moons Trades and Labour Congress of Canada Ma. A. Namara's Rrprrscsliss Can. Manufacturers Assoc. Lr...CoL G. Ocrovic C.M.G Department of Mines. Canada Eno.-Colossumga T. C. PHILLIPIL.Department of National Defence. Canada Ma. R. A. Roes Rornrisnag National Research Council Ma. T. A. Romans. Reprernding University of Toronto Ma. .I. A. SHAW Canadian Pacific Railway Company Ma. T. L. Snemores Board of Railway Comminionen for Can. DR. A. STANWIELD Rep. Can. Inst. of Mining and Metallurgy WING-0RWL E. W. STIORIAN ROY111 Canadian Air Vane MR. A. F. STEWART Canadian National Railways. Ma. T. F. SUTRULAND Rep. Can. Inst. of Mining and Metallurry Da. H. M. Tony Represershng National Research Conon Ma. E. B. WARDL1 Canadian Pulp and Paper Association. B. STUART MCKENZIE.. M.E.1.C., Secretary CANADIAN ENGINEERING STANDARDS ASSOCIATION

MAIN COMMITTER ON CANADIAN ELECTRICAL CODE (-ha irma n —W. P. Doesoe—HydroElectric Power Commission. Toronto (Rawasesliag Province of Ontario) Vice-Chalromm—F. A. CARISRIDGS—City Electrician, Winnipeg. (RePrarearing Western Canada Fire Underwriter. Amax). G. R. A ransom—Southern Canada Power Company lAd., Montreal (Ramming Canadian Electrical Amociation) A. S. L. BARNMI—ItYSTO-EIPCHiC Power Commission. Toronto F. S. BRATTIR--Ottaws Car Manufacturing Co. Ltd., Ottawa (ReP,esenling Canadian Electric Railway Association) G. J. Baowa—Prov, Elec. Engineer, Dept. Public Works, Winnipeg (Ramroling Province of Manitoba). F. F. Dowurto—Chief Eng., S.C. Fire Underwriter. As.oc., Vancouver R. J. Dazacott—Canadian Fire Underwriters Anociation, Toronto A. S. El:max—Canadian General Electric Company, Toronto (RePresemiag Canadian Manufacturer. Association). C. P. Eowmum—Radio Branch, Dept. of Marine & Flaherles,Ottawra H. W. PRISMS—Monarch Electric Co., St. Lambert, Que. (Rate...ling Engineering Institute of Canada). R. G. Gaze—Elec. Engineer, Canadian National Railways, Montreal A. G. HALL—Hydro-Electric Power Commission, Toronto (Raw...ling Province of Ontario) J. P. Haag—Nova Scotia Board of Fire Undenvriten, Halifax. R. F. Howe...to—Gatineau Power Company. Ottawa (Represnolas Canadian Inst. of Mining & Metallurgy). J. W. Hi/Qum—Eke. Eng., Eastern Lines, C. P. R. Co., Montreal H. D. Jortasirote—E. F. Phillips Electrical Works Ltd., Montreal (Re)resroling Wire and Cable Manufacturers). Amt. LARIVISSZ—Quebec Public Service Corporation, Quebec J. F. LUMSOZN—Nova Scotia Power Commission, Halifax (Represearing Province of Nova Scotia). 3. C. McDouchtb-115 Osborne Street, Montreal (Represensiag Royal Architectural Inst. of Canada). A. M. Telephone Co. of Canada, Montreal Reprasming Engineering Committee, Telephone Association) W. F. McKwate—Nova Scotia Technical College, Halifax WILLS McLacemara—Electrical Engineer, Toronto J. N. Mocoon—Board of Electrical Examiner.. Quebec. (Ramenling Province of Quebec) F. W. MOPHAT —Mot! ats Ltd., Weston (Ramming Elec. Division, Can. Stove Founder. Assoc. JOHN MURPHY—Elec. Eng.. Board of Railway Commissioner., Ottawa S. R. PAISIR—Department of Telephones, Sa.katchewan. Regina DANA Pzgacn—Underwriters Laboratories of Canada. Chicago. U.S.A. J. Glove Samna—Dominion Fire Commissioner, Ottawa. H. F. Sruccbano—Hydro-Electric Power Commission, Toronto. C. M. Tarr—Canadian Fire Underwriters Association, Montreal. H. L. TAYLOR—Prey. In.pectop of Ekmtical Energy. Vancouver. (Raper:mat Province of British Columbia). N. S. WALSH—Board of Electrical Examiner.. Montreal. (Raresenting Province of Quebec). •Sucteding late A. A. Dion, (Masa P..lactric Railway. I CANADIAN ENGINEERING STANDARDS ASSO('IATIO1

SUB-COMMITTEES ON CANADIAN ELECTRICAL CODE

BRITISII COLUMBIA H. L. TATLOR—(CAmirmas —Prov. Inn. of Elec. Energy, Vancouver, B.C. J. W. Soirrnm—(Sneetaryt—Dion. Electrical Engineer, Point Grey. B.C. C. C. Cunt—Electrical Contractor, Vancouver. R. S. Cgainantairo—Elec. Engineer and Contractor. Vancouver F. F. Dowurn—Chief Engineer. B. C. Fire Underwriters' Assoc., Vancouver C. H. Ftarona, City Electrician, Vancouver. W. 14 airovnaino—Northern Electric Company, Vancouver. MANITOBA G. J. liaossr4—(Chafronn)—Prov. Elec. Engineer. Dept. of Pub. Work., Winnipeg. F. A. Cannons—City Electrician, Winnipeg. E. V. Caron—Winnipeg Electric Company, Winnipeg. C. A. CLAIWINING-192 Enliald Crescent. Winnipeg. Poor. IL P. FITIII/STOMIAUGH—URIVrlsity of Manitoba. Winnipeg. D. C. Rusent—City Electrician, St. Bonifare, My, J. H. SCIIVMACHER, Schumacher-Mackensie.Kummen, Ltd., Winnipeg. NOVA SCOTIA J. F. Lumsogro—(Cniessan)—Nova Scotia Power Commission, Halifax. P. R. Couure—Prow. Board of Commissioner. of Pub. Utilities, Halifax. J. P. Hits—Nova Scotia Board of Fire Underwriters, Halifax. W. F. McKenour—Nora Scotia Technical Institute, Halifax. C. H. Watone—Canadian General Electric Company, Ilalliax. ONTARIO A. G. Hau.—(Ckaionan)—Hydro-Electrk Power Commisolon, Toronto. A. S. L. Basses—(Socrenen—Hydro-Electric Power Commission, Toronto. W. C. Cats—Hydro-Electric Power Commission, Toronto. W. P. Donon—Hydro-Electric Power Commission, Toronto. R. J. Danicou..--Catudian Board of Fire Undenvriters, Toronto. H. F. Sraignamts—Hydro-Electric Power Commission, Toronto. QUEBEC J. N. Mocuon—(Casienan—Board of Electrical Examiner.. Quebec. G. R. Arason--Southern Canada Power Company, Montreal. J. W. Huntn—Elec. Eng., Eastern Lines, C.P.R. Co., Montreal. A. C. lansoroona—Elec. Service Corporation, Shawinigan Falls. L. A. Known—Montreal Light Heat & Power Cons., Montreal. L. H. lintorra--Ouebec New-England Hydro-Elec. Corpn.• Montreal. C. M. Tarr—Canadian Fire Underwriter.' Association, Montreal. G. E. Tioungann—Electrical Commission of City of Montreal. N. S. WALIM—Bard of Electrical Examinen, Montreal. Noter —Pronoun: SotoCoosoottou we now in proms of organisation in the Provisoes of Satennewen and Alberta. PANEL ON GROUNDING J. W. Huonn—(Chosirasan—Elec. Eng., Eastern Lines, C.P.R. Co., Montreal. A. S. L Brinno—HydrceElectric Power Commission, Toronto. H. E. IltocxwaLt-11 anitoba Telephone Synern, Winnipeg. F. A. CAMBIUMS—City Electrician, Winnipeg. A. C. lanionon—Ekctric Service Corpn., Shawinigan Falls. S. R. PallItill—Prow. Department of Telephones. Regina. Pniuge—Bell Telephone Company, Montreal. G. B. Tnetnin—Electrical Commission of Montreal. PANEL ON RADIO C. P. Hownan--(Ckaironsa)—Radio Branch, Dept. Mar. & Fish., Ottawa. F. K. Datroso—Hydro-Elecnic Power Commission, Toronto. Kim Rusacid.—Am. Radio Relay League, 212 Lonsmount Drive, Toronto. 1, H. Incanon--Canadlan Marconi Company, Montreal. H. J. Vannes—Northern Electric Company, Montreal. C.E.9.A.--021.1927—CANADIAN ELECTRf1:AL CADS 9 1, PREFACE—PART I preliminary work of preparing a Canadian Electrical THE was begun in 1920, when a Special Committee, appointed"E by the Main Committee of the Canadian Engin- eering Standards Association, recommended that action be taken with regard to this undertaking. After thorough discussion and correspondence, a conference of Provincial and other representatives was held in Ottawa in May 1923, at which the proposed organization was outlined. This was reported to, and approved by, the Main Committee in 1923, and representatives were accordingly nominated by the Provincial Governments and other interested bodies, these nominations being practically completed in March 1924. In December 1923 a draft scheme of procedure had been submitted to the various nominated representatives, and in March 1924 a second memorandum, accompanied by letter ballot, was submitted to all representatives asking for approval of the general scheme of procedure. The result of the letter ballot indicated r practically unanimous approval of the suggested scheme of procedure on the following lines:— (a) The preparation of a Code of Rules and Regulations for electrical wiring and apparatus to be proceeded with first, based generally on the "National Electrical Code" and the "National Electrical Safety Code," together with the "Rules and Regu- lations of the Ilydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario" and local regulations in force in various parts of Canada. (b) The preparation of this preliminary draft of proposed ('ode to be made by competent men appointed by the C.E.S.A. Committee. At the first Meeting of the Code Committee held in Montreal on May 20th, 1924, Messrs. \V. F. McKnight and II. F. Strick- land were appointed to prepare a preliminary draft. The necessary funds for the work were subscribed by various industrial firms, Fire Underwriters' Associations, railway companies, etc. In October the draft was completed and copies sent to all members of the Committees on October 20th, 1924. Comments were received from the various Provincial Committees and these were summarized and distributed for criticism, during the summer of 1925. The second meeting of the Code Committee was held in Ottawa on May 10th and 11th, 1926, at which the preliminary draft of the Code, comments and criticisms from the various Provincial 10 C.E.S.A.—CII417/—CANADIAN ELECTRICAL CODE

Committers and future procedure were thoroughly discussed. Panels on Grounding and on Radio Installations were suggested and chairmen appointed and it was decided to proceed with the preparation of a revised draft to include reports from these two panels. Owing to the revisions made to the National Electrical Code during 1926 and to the revisions proposed for 1927 it was felt that the revision of the first draft of the Canadian Electrical Code should if possible be held up until these were studied and by special arrangement Messrs. A.S. L. Barnes and 11.1'. Strickland were given instructions to edit the existing draft and bring it up to date.

At the suggestion of the Manitoba Provincial Committee the third Meeting of the Code Committee was held in Winnipeg on June 14th.-18th, 1927, at which there was an unusually repre- sentative attendance, including delegates from Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and British Columbia. The revised draft was presented in galley proof, copies having been sent out to all Committees previous to the Meeting. At this meeting the draft was discussed clause by clause and many revisions and additions approved. Formal resolution was made at the Meeting that the Draft be printed as Part I of the Canadian Electrical Code and it is herewith presented. September,"1927. C.E.S.A.—C22-1527—CANADIAN ELECTRICAL CODE II

PART I

OBJECT OF RULES AND REGULATIONS These Rules and Regulations are intended to establish essential requirements and minimum standards for the installation and maintenance of electrical equipment for adoption and enforcement by Electrical Inspection Departments throughout the Dominion of Canada. In their preparation consideration has been given, not only to prevention of fire hazard and injury to persons and property, but also to proper maintenance and operation. In the absence of uniform standards many local differences have arisen in the requirements of the various Electrical In- spection Departments. This condition imposes upon the manufacturers the necessity of producing electrical equipment embodying minor changes in design resulting in increased cost, confusion and expense. These Rules and Regulations have been prepared with due regard to recognized electrical codes now in force, particularly the "National Electrical Code," "National Electrical Safety Code," and "Rules and Regulations of the Ilydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario." It is felt that, subject to future revision, the adoption of a uniform code by all Provinces will be a forward movement, and ultimately establish national standards in both installation work and material, thus eliminating the present differences and promoting safety and economy.

SCOPE AND GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF RULES AND REGULATIONS These Rules and Regulations are designated as The Canadian Electrical Code—Part I. These Rules and Regulations govern all electrical work and equipment operating, or intended to operate, at potentials up to 5,000 volts, inclusive, which is installed and used in, on or over any building, structure or premises. The Code is divided into numbered sections, each one covering some main division of the work. The sections are divided into numbered Rules, and each Rule is further divided into clauses covering the individual features relating to the rule and designated for purpose of reference by letters of the alphabet. The rules have been systematically arranged and a complete index has been appended to facilitate reference to any particular point. 12 Gt.9.A.—C22•It•27—CANADIAN ELECTRICAL CODS

LIST OF SECTIONS— PART I Pate Section 1—Definitions of Special Terms 13 Section 2—General Rules 19 Section 3—Left Blank Section 4—Services 24 Section 5—Wiring Methods—Low Potential 28 Section 6—Conductors 42 Section 7—Outlet Boxes and Cabinets 47 Section 8—Protective and Control Equipment. 49 Section 9—Grounding. 60 Section 20—Installation of Electrical Equipment 68 Section 30—Electric Cranes and Hoists 77 Section 31—Passenger and Freight Elevators 78 Section 32—Hazardous Location 79 Section 81 Section 34—Motion Picture Studios Section 35—Motion Picture Projectors and Equipment 84 Section 36—Electrically-Operated Organs F6 Section 37—Radio Installations 87 Section 38—Signs and Outline Lighting 94 Section 39—Theatre Installations 96 Section 40—Small Isolated Plants 100 Section 50—High Potential Installations 101 Section 60—Electric Communication Systems 103 Section 70—Maintenance and Operation 105 SECTION I.—DEFINITIONS 13

SECTION I—DEFINITIONS OF SPECIAL TERMS The following definitions give the meanings of the principal special terms used in these Rules and Regulations. Derivatives of defined words shall be interpreted in accordance with the corresponding definitions. All terms intended to convey the meanings given below are printed in bold-faced type throughout the text. Terms which are defined, if not printed in bold-faced type, and also words or terms not specifically defined, shall be interpreted as commonly understood. Accessible: Not permanently closed in by the structure or finish of the building. (See Readily Accessible). Alive or Live: Electrically connected to a source of potential difference, or electrically charged so as to have a potential different from that of the earth. The term live is sometimes used in place of the term "current-carrying," where the intent is clear, to avoid repetition of the longer term. Approval: Provisional, Approval given for electrical equipment complying with the specifications forming a part of this Code in so far as they are applicable, which is accepted by an Inspection Department for use within its jurisdiction in cases where approved equipment is not obtainable. 'Approved: W'hen used with reference to any particular electrical equipment, means that such equipment has been submitted for examination and test to Underwriters' Laboratories of Chicago, or the Laboratory of the Hydro- Electric Power Commission of Ontario, or a recognized Cana- dian Government laboratory, and that a formal written report thereon has been obtained, to the effect that such equipment is suitable for sale and use. When used with reference to any type of wiring, form of construction or method of installation it means that it is acceptable to the Inspection Department, and that written notification to that effect has been given. Approved Fire Door: A so called fire door of a type approved for the class of service to which it is applied. Armoured Cable: An Insulated conductor with an outer flexible metallic covering designed for protection against mechanical injury. 'Note: For Ow UAW kiln, mail s Canadian Cowmen, Lo6orotory is rriablishrd, lord gwehrhs srahwriwa is Me Pen0141 trorisces a denote ...MIA., Ike dumper d ode re both d SMe dh.e two laborWorias marooned shall be atcrtird. 14 SECTION I.—DEFINITIONS

Authorized Person: One who, by the nature of his duties or occupation, is obliged, or who has been instructed or authorized by those in authority, to approach or handle electrical equipment. B. & S. Gauge: The Brown and Sharpe (or American) Wire Gauge. 11'hen used in rules applicable to stranded conductors, the term shall be interpreted to mean that the conductor is to have a current-carrying capacity at least equal to that of copper wire of the size specified. Branch Circuit: That portion of a wiring system, under the protection of a final set of cut-outs or other automatic overload protective devices, from one or more points on which electric current may be taken to supply current- consuming devices or equipment. Building: A structure which stands alone or which is cut off from adjoining structures by unpierced fire walls, or by openings protected by approved fire doors. Circuit Breaker: An electro-mechanical device designed to open, under overload conditions, a current-carrying circuit, without injury to itself. As used in these Rules and Regulations, this term applies only to the automatic type designed to trip on a pre-determined overload of current. Concealed: Rendered permanently inaccessible by the structure or finish of the building. Conductor: A wire or cable or other elongated form of metal installed for the purpose of conveying electric current from one piece of electrical equipment to another. If the wire or cable be covered with insulation the term conductor shall include the insulation as well as the metal. Conduit: See Flexible Conduit and Metal Conduit. Contractor: Any firm, corporation, company, organization, or other persons or person undertaking to perform any work within the scope of these Rules and Regulations. Current-Permit: Written permission from the Inspection Department to a supply authority to the effect that electric power and energy may be supplied to a particular installation. Cut-out: Any device capable of automatically opening an electric circuit under predetermined overload conditions, either by the fusing of metal or by electro-mechanical means. SECTION I.—DEFINITIONS

Damp Place: Any place in which moisture is present, either permanently or intermittently, to such an extent that it would be likely to impair the effectiveness of an installation conforming to the minimum requirements for ordinary conditions. Dead: Free from any electrical connection to a source of potential difference and from electric charge; not having a potential different from that of the earth. The term is used only with reference to current-carrying parts which are sometimes alive. Disconnecting Switch: A switch which is intended only to be operated while the circuit in which it is connected is open at some other point. Dust-tlitht: So constructed that dust cannot enter the enclosing case. Electrical Equipment: Any equipment, machinery, apparatus, appliances, instruments, devices, fittings, or materials used, designed or intended to be used in the generation, transformation, transmission, distribution, supply or utilization of electric power or energy. Emergency lights: All lights in a theatre which, for the purpose of facilitating safe exit in case of fire or other emergency, are intended to be kept lighted continuously while the theatre is open to the public. Exposed: Any current-carrying part of electrical equipment which can be inadvertently touched or approached more closely than is safe, by any person, is considered exposed. The term is applied to objects not suitably guarded or isolated. Fire Door: See Approved Fire Door. Fireproof: Incapable of being ignited or even smouldering. Flammable: This term is applied to materials which will readily burst into flame, e.g., straw, hay, wood shavings, light draperies, celluloid, oils, gasoline, etc. Flexible Conduit: Flexible metal conduit into which it is intended that conductors shall be drawn. Flexible Tubing: Flexible non-metallic tubing, commonly known as "loom." Gas-tight: So constructed that ga s can not enter t he enclosing case. Ground, Artificial: A connection to the earth obtained by a pipe or rod driven into the ground, or by a buried plate or other device. 6 SECTIGN I. •DEFINITIONS

Grounded: Electrh all ■ tonne, tcd to the earth, whether the connection be intentional or accidental. Grounded: Permanently and Effectually, When applied to any electrical equipment or system, means that such equipment or system is electrically connected to the earth by intent, and in a permanent manner. so as. at all times, to suitably limit the difference of potential between the equipment grounded and the earth. Grounding Conductor: A path of suitable metal specially arranged as a means whereby electrical equipment is electrically connected to a ground electrode. Ground Electrode: A metal object or device buried in, or driven into, the ground to as to make intimate contact therewith, to which a grounding conductor is electrically and mechanically connected. Guarded: Covered, shielded, fenced, enclosed, or otherwise protected by means of suitable covers, or casing., harriers, walls or screens, mats and platforms to remove th likelihood of dangerous contact or approach by persons or objects. Hazardous Location: Any location, either inside or on the outside of any building, room or compartment where life or property is seriously endangered owing to the presence of moisture or water, of corrosive liquids or vapours, or of highly flammable or explosive materials in solid, liquid or gaseous form. Materials in original containers are not considered as giving rise to undue hazard. Inaccessible: Covered by the structure or finish of the building, or sufficiently remote from access or so placed or guarded that unauthorized persons cannot inativettently touch, interfere with or enter the equipment, room or compartment to which the term is applied. Indicating Switch: A switch of such design, or so marked, that the fact as to whether it is "on" or "off" may he readily determined by looking at it. Inspection Department: An organization properly authorized to enforce these Rules and Regulations and having jurisdiction over a fixed territory. Inspector: Any person duly appointed for the purpose of enforcing these Rules and Regulations. Insulated: A term applied to conducting surfaces separated front adjacent surfaces by a non-conducting substance permanently offering so high a resistance to the passage of SECTION I.—DEFINITIONS 17

current or to disruptive discharges through or over the surface of the substance or space as to obviate danger of shock or injurious leakage of current. When an object is said to be insulated, it is understood to be insulated in a manner suitable for the conditions for which it has been approved. Otherwise, it is, for the purpose of these Rules and Regulations, considered to be uninsulated. Insulating: A term applied to non-conducting substances capable of bringing about the condition defined as insulated. Live: See Alive. Metal Conduit: Metal conduit of either rigid or flexible type into which it is intended that conductors shall be drawn. Metallic water-piping system: (I) An underground public water-supply system having metallic mains and services; or (2) An underground private water-supply system having at least 100 feet of metal pipe buried in the ground; or (3) metallic casing, not less than 3 inches in diameter, of an artesian well. Outlet: Any fixed point on a branch circuit from which it is intended that current shall be taken to supply current- consuming equipment. Paneiboard or Panel: A single panel—or a group of panel units assembled in the form of a single panel—intended to be enclosed in a cabinet, on which are mounted bus-bars with or without switches and/or cut-outs, for the control of branch circuits or centres of distribution other than the main source of supply. Permit: Official written permission of the Inspection Depart- ment on a form provided for the purpose, authorizing work to be commenced on any electrical installation. Portable: A term applied to electrical equipment which is not specifically designed to he used in a fixed position and which is supplied with a cord and detachable plug. Potential: Low, Any potential up to 600 volts inclusive. Potential: High, Any potential from 601 to 5,000 volts inclusive. Potential: Extra Iligh, Any potential above 5,000 volts. Provisional Approval: See Approval: Provisional. Qualified Person: One who, as the result of training or experience, is familiar with electrical equipment. IS SECTION I.—DEFINITIONS

Raceway: Surface, A metallic channel constructed with a backing and capping for loosely holding wires and cables in surface wiring . Raceway: Underfloor: A channel or duct of metal or other approved material, designed and approved for use under floors, into which it is intended that conductors shall be drawn. This term is not applied to metal conduit, tile, or other like ducts. Readily Accessible: Able to be reached quickly and without climbing over, or removing obstructions, or resorting, for example, to chair, box, or portable ladder. (See Accessible). Service: Consumer's, All that portion of an installation from the point at which t he supply authority makes connection to the supply service, up to and including the service box or its equivalent. Service: Supply, Any one set of conductors run by a supply authority from its mains to a consumer's service. Service Box: An approved metal box or cabinet containing service fuses and service switch, of such design that the switch may be manually operated when the box is closed, and so constructed that it may be effectually locked or sealed. Special Permission: The written authority of the Inspection Department. Supply Authority: Any person, firm, corporation, company, commission or other organization supplying electric power or energy for other than his or their own use. Switchboard: A large single panel, a frame, or assembly of panels, on which are mounted, on the face or back, or both, switches, automatic protective devices, busses and (usually) instruments used for the control and regulation of electric energy at main sources of supply. System: (Referring to an electrical system). An electrical system in which all the conductors and apparatus are designedly capable of being readily electrically connected by metallic contact to a common source of potential difference. Theatre: A building, any part of which is intended to be used for dramatic, operatic, motion-picture, or other performances. Waterproof: So constructed or protected that moisture cannot enter in sufficient quantity to interfere with the effectiveness of the equipment no constructed. SECTION 1.-- RI 'LES 101-101 l9

SECTION 2—GENERAL RULES Rule 201 Authority for Rules and Permission for Deviation Therefrom Note: Rules 201, 202, 201 and 209 are inserted for the guidan, e of governing authorities. (a) fly virtue of the authority vested in the Inspection Department the Rules and Regulations herein contained have been approved and the Inspection Department hereby orders and directs their observance by Contractors, (b) In any case where deviation from these Rules and Regula- tions may be necessary, such deviation shall not be made except lxy special permission.

Rule 202 Permits and Fees (a) Contractors about to carry out any installation work, alterations, repairs or extensions, shall, before the work is commenced, obtain a permit from the inspection Depart- ment on a form provided for the purpose. (b) A copy of the permit shall be posted on the site of the work in a conspicuous place and not removed until final inspection has been completed. (c) The fee (or the permit shall be deposited on application therefor and its amount shall be in accordance with the schedule prescribed by the Inspection Department.

Rule 203 Plans and Specifications (a) The installation of generators, storage battery plants, large switchboards, transformers, transformer vaults, etc., and, in general, large power and lighting installations, shall not be commenced until complete wiring plans and specifications, in duplicate, have been submitted to the Inspection Department by the owner or his agent, and approval obtained therefor. One copy which has been approved will be retained by the Inspection Department. (b) In the case of all buildings such as theatres, schools, churches, apartment houses, stores, factories and other places in which public safety is involved, plans and specifications shall be submitted for approval. (c) In the case of private residences, and small buildings generally, where the possibility of menace to public safety is not serious, the submitting of plans is optional, unless specifically requested by the Inspection Department. 20 SECTION 2.—RULES 204 207

Rule 204. Protection All electrical equipment shall be so installed and guarded that adequate provision is made for the safety of persons and property. Owners of factories, workshops, or of any premises where employees are engaged in operating or using any electrical equipment, shall keep the entire electrical installation in safe operating condition, in accordance with Section herein dealing with "Maintenance and Operation." Rule 205 Equipment and Workmanship Any electrical equipment to be placed on the market for use in electrical installations within the jurisdiction of the Inspection Department shall be approved and shall be of a kind or type approved for the specific purpose for which it is employed. Any electrical equipment may be rejected at any time by the Inspection Department, even though approval has previously been given, if in the opinion of the Inspec- tion Department it is sub-standard to the sample on which approval was granted. In all electrical installations special attention shall be paid to the mechanical execution of the work. Careful and neat running, connecting, soldering, taping of conductors, and securing and attaching of equipment is required. Work badly arranged or poorly executed will not be approved. Wood shall not be used for plugging for the support of any electrical equipment. This requires the use of approved plugging devices or material. Rule 206 Overhauling Existing Installations These Rules and Regulations generally refer to work to be performed. In the case of old installations, and of any other installation, where, through hard usage, wear and tear, or through alterations or extensions, dangerous condition. have developed, the Inspection Department may require such changes to be made as are necessary to remove these defects. Rule 297 Interference of Other Work (a) No person shall render any electrical work inaccessible, by lathing, boarding or other building construction, until it has been approved by the Inspection Department. SECTION 2.—RULFS 207-210 21

(b) No person shall cut, damage or interfere with any electrical equipment, nor shall place or install any equipment or material so close to installed electrical equipment as to create a condition which, in the judgment of the Inspection Department, is dangerous. (c) Contractors shall place in some conspicuous position on their work a plainly legible notice, in a form prescribed by the Inspection Department. Rule 208 Special Installations and Equipment (a) Potentials exceeding 5,000 volts shall not be employed without special permission from the Inspection Depart- ment. (b) Where the use of special equipment requiring extra high potential is necessary, such as X-Ray apparatus and testing transformers, the Inspection Department shall he consulted and its approval obtained before proceeding with the work of installation. (c) Where sections are devoted to rules governing special installations, such as those in theatres, garages, elevators, cranes, etc., these sections are not intended to embody all rules governing this particular class of work, but cover only those special rules or regulations which are additional to or amendatory of those prescribed in other sections covering the same method of wiring. Rule 209 Inspection Permits and Current Permits (a) Application for inspection shall be filed with the Inspec- tion Department by the Contractor at such time as will permit of inspection being made before any work or portion thereof has been concealed. (b) The fee for inspection shall be paid to the Inspection Department when application is made for an Inspection Permit. (c) No installation, alteration, or addition shall be connected or re-connected to any service or other source of electric power or energy by a Supply Authority, Contractor, or other person, until a current permit has been obtained from the Inspection Department authorizing the supply of electric power or energy thereto. Rule 210 Considerations Affecting Approval Note: This Rule is primarily for field sue. (a) Electrical equipment designed for use under this Code 22 SECTION ].—RULE 210

shall be judged chiefly with reference to the following five considerations which also determine the classification by types, sizes, voltages, current capacities and specific uses: 1. Suitability for installation and use in conformity with the requirements of this Code. 2. Mechanical strength and durability, including, for appliances designed to enclose and protect other equipment, the adequacy of the protection thus provided. 3. Electrical insulation. 4. Heating effects under normal conditions of use and also under abnormal conditions liable to arise in service. 5. Arcing effects. (b) Bases for the mounting of live parts shall be composed of approved incombustible, non-absorptive Insulating material, and the design shall be such that, considering the material used, the base will withstand the most severe conditions liable to arise in service. Holes for supporting screws shall be so located or countersunk that there will be at least ji inch, measured over the surface, between the screw head or washer and the nearest live metal part, and in all cases, where between parts of opposite polarity, the screw head or washer shall be countersunk. Nuts or screw heads on the under side of the base shall be countersunk and sealed with a waterproof compound. (c) Terminal parts by which wire connections are made shall insure thoroughly good connections even under hard usage. For currents above 30 amperes, lugs into which the connecting wires may be soldered, or solderless connectors, shall be provided. For currents of 30 amperes or less the parts to which wiring connections are made shall securely grip the conductors. Heavy clamp.; or screws with terminal plates having upturned lugs, or solderless connectors, may be used. Note: Lots or clamps are not required when leads are presided as part of the device. (d) All devices provided with terminals for the attachment of wires and intended for connection to more than one side of the circuit shall, unless specifically excepted, have a pair of connecting terminals properly marked for identification, unless the electrical connection between the pair of terminals intended to be connected to the grounded conductor is clearly evident. (e) The terminals of devices having a normal current rating of over 30 amperes need not be marked for identification. SECTION 2.—RULE 210 21

(1) The terminals of utilization devices need not be marked to indicate the proper connection to the grounded conductor. If the terminals on utilization devices, including single-pole switches are marked, the switch shall not he placed in the identified side of the circuit. (g) The terminals of portable devices need not be marked for identification. (h) Devices, to the terminals of which only one side of the line is connected, need not have terminals marked for identification. (i) Two-wire attachment plug receptacles without screw shells, and two-wire attachment plug caps, 'unless of the polarity type, need not have their terminals marked for identification. Polarized receptacles for attachment plugs and polarized attachment plug caps shall have the terminal intended for connection to the grounded conductor marked for identification. (j) Three-wire attachment plug receptacles and three-wire attachment plug cape in which one terminal may be used for the connection of a grounding conductor shall have such terminal identified in a manner differing from that specified in clause (1) of this Rule. The other terminals need not be marked for identification. (k) In the case of devices with Edison screw shells, the identified terminal shall be the one connected to the screw shell. This does not apply to screw shells which serve as plug fuse receptacles. (I) The marking of terminals shall be done by means of a metallic plated coating substantially white in colour, as nickel or zinc, or the terminals may be of material substantially white in colour. The other terminals shall be of a readily distinguishable difference in colour. (m) In the case of screw shell devices with attached leads, the wire attached to the screw shell shall have white or natural gray finish. The finish of the braid on the other conductor shall be of a solid colour that will not be confused with the white or natural gray finish which into indicate the grounded conductor. (n) The maker's name, trademark or other identification symbol r . shall he placed on fittings and materials, together with such other markings giving voltage, current, wattage or other appropriate ratings,as are prescribed elsewhere in this Code. 24 SECTION 4. -RULE 401

SECTION 4—SERVICES Rule 441 Control and Protective Equipment (a) Every electric service shall be provided either with a service box, or a switchboard or equivalent approved equipment. (b) Protective devices and meters shall be connected on the load side of the service switch. (c) In any case where an installation, or portion thereof, is to be supplied with current from two or more different sources, the switch or switches controlling the various supplies shall be no constructed or arranged that it will be impossible for any one accidentally to switch on current from one source before that from another has been cut off. (d) Service boxes shall, if required by the proper authority, be sealed or locked by the Supply Authority and shall not then be opened except by an Inspector or by an authorized agent of the Supply Authority. All exposed current-carrying parts, if there be any, on the supply side of the meter shall be similarly rendered inaccessible. (e) A low-potential two-, or three-, phase service which is required for single-phase circuits only may, if it would otherwise exceed the current-carrying capacity of the largest approved service box, be subdivided into two or three single-phase services. (f) H a low-potential installation be subdivided into separate sections, whether metered or not, and if the number of such sections exceed four, there shall be, in addition to the main service box, a separate service box for each separately metered section. Thin shall sot apply la ',mitring panels. (g) If there be not more than four separate sections, whether metered or not, each controlled by an individual service box of not more than 60 amperes rating, and the boxes be grouped together as near as practicable to the service entrance, the main service box may be omitted. Each separate service box shall be labelled in a con,picuoti,, legible and permanent manner to indicate clearly which section it controls. (h) If a service supply one branch circuit only and the service box is locked or sealed, cut-outs accessible to the consumer shall be inserted in series with the service cut-outs, and on the load side thereof, but they shall be of smaller current-carrying capacity than the service cut- outs. SECTION FS 40/ 401

Rule 402 Location of Service Equipment (a) Service boxes, or their equivalent, shall be readily accessible and shall not be located in coal-bins, clothe.- closets, bathrooms, hazardous locations, nor in any similarly undesirable place. In general, they shall lie placed within the building and as close as practicable to the point where the service conductors enter the building. A service box may, by special permission, be placed on the outside of a building, or in the rural districts, where, as on a farm,a group of buildings is to be served, the box may be placed on a pole, provided that it is so located or protected that it will not be liable to suffer mechanical injury nor be harmed by the weather. In such cases no part of the service box shall be less than 6 feet above the ground or floor directly below it, but either the box or the means of operating it shall be readily accessible. (b) The contractor shall mark his name and address on some part of the service equipment in a clearly legible and permanent manner in some conspicuous place.

Rule 403 Service Conductors and Conduit (a) Consumer's service conductors shall each have a current- carrying capacity not less than that of No. 10 II. & S. Gauge copper wire. Where an electric range is to be installed, either two No. 6 or three No. 8 13. & S. Gauge conductors shall be employed for 2- and 3-wire consumer's services respectively. (b) If run as open-wiring on exteriors of buildings, single- conductor service conductors shall be used and shall have either a rubber or a weatherproof covering. (c) Service conduit shall have an internal diameter of not less than 11,i inch, and shall contain the conductors of only one service. (d) The supply end of a consumer's service conduit or cable shall be provided with a weatherproof service fitting and shall be located, if practicable, not less than 20 feet, nor more than 30 feet, above sidewalk or ground level. If this be not practicable the service fitting shall be located at the highest suitable point, but in all cases the location shall be such that the Supply Authority can readily reach the 26 SECTION 4.--RILESLES 401-405

service fitting from its lines. ri he supply service conductors from the pole shall be attached to the building in such a manner that they shall not be less than 15 feet above sidewalk or ground level. (e) Low-potential service conductors entering a building above ground shall be run in rigid metal conduit, or lead. sheathed armoured cable shall be used unless the service is to supply an electric range--in this case not less than I inch diameter conduit shall be used.

Rule 404 Installation of Services (a) Not more than one supply service of the same potential shall be run from overhead to any building from the same system of any one Supply Authority. Where multiple services are to be installed the electrical characteristics of each service shall be plainly indicated in a legible and permanent manner and the service equipments shall he grouped if practicable. (b) If service conductors from a pole line to a building be run underground, lead-covered cable shall be used from a point up the pole 20 feet above the ground, to the building, and the cable shall be protected against mechanical injury. The service conduit, if conduit be used, shall be suitably drained towards the building. (c) No supply service may be run to a building from an electric-railway system using a ground return. Note: Thu shall not be construed as conflicting with special rules regarding electric-railway cars, car-houses, or passenger and freight stations connected with the operation of electric railways. (d) Low-potential service conductors exposed to the weather shall be either run as open-wiring, run in rigid metal conduit, or lead-sheathed armoured cable shall be used. Rule 405 Meters (a) The meter shall be located as near as practicable to the service box, and in cases where the locking or sealing of service boxes is mandatory, that portion of the service conductors between the meter and the service box shall be rendered inaccessible to unauthorized persons. SECTION 4.—RUES 405.406 27

(b) Meters shall be readily accessible and shall not be located in coal-bins, clothes-closets, bathrooms, hazardous locations, nor in any similarly undesirable place. If located less than 5 feet above the floor they shall be suitably protected against mechanical injury. (c) The service cut-out shall protect the meter; except that the potential coils of a three-wire meter may be connected between service fuses and the service switch.

Rule 406 High Potential Services

(a) Service conductors shall be multiple-conductor lead- sheathed cable. If not underground they shall either be armoured or run in metal conduit. If underground, approved duct may be used. (b) Service conductors, at the points of issue from the lead sheathing, shall be protected from moisture by pot-heads or equivalent devices. (c) Overhead service conductors may, by special permission, be carried into buildings through approved leading-in devices or in some other approved manner. Such conductors shall be so located or guarded as to be inaccessible from the ground and from any window, balcony or similar point. , (d) If oil-switches be used as service switches, disconnecting switches shall be installed on the supply side thereof. (e) In the case of one or more transformers supplying only buildings under the same ownership the primary wires may be considered as service conductors if the current- carrying capacity of the secondary wires is greater than that of the largest approved service box. Under the foregoing conditions the high-potential service equipment shall be accessible only to authorized persons, but the service switch shall be operable by the consumer and from within the building served. (f) Ungrounded service conductors shall be controlled and protected either by an automatic oil circuit-breaker or by a non-automatic oil circuit-breaker and fuses. 28 SECTION 5.—RULES 501-501

SECTION 5—WIRING METHODS—LOW POTENTIAL Rule 501 Open Wiring Noir: See "Mechanical Peoieclion of Conduciore (a) Conductors located in ordinary dry places shall be of either the rubber-insulated (R), slow-burning-weatherproof (S11W), or varnished cloth-insulated (VC) type, but where room temperatures exceed 50 degrees C. (122 degrees F.) slow-burning (SB) type shall be used.

(b) Conductors located in damp places shall be of the rubber- insulated type. Conductors subjected to corrosive action shall be of the weatherproof, varnished cloth, or rubber- insulated type, as may be directed by the Inspection Department. (c) Conductors shall be rigidly supported and in ordinary dry places the separation specified in the following table shall be maintained throughout. vottso Minimum distance Minimum distance of circuit between wires from adjacent surfaces 0-300 2 inches ).; inch 301-600 4 inches 1 inch If circuits of different voltages be run parallel to each other the separation between adjacent wires of the different circuits shall be at least equal to that between the conductors of the circuit of higher voltage. In damp places a separation of at least 1 inch from adjacent surfaces shall be maintained. (d) Conductors run on flat surfaces shall be rigidly supported at intervals not greater than 43i feet. (e) In buildings of mill construction, conductors if of not less than No. 8 B. & S. Gauge and if separated not less than 6 inches, may be run direct from timber to timber and supported at each timber only. (f) Conductors shall not be dead-ended at any fitting which is more than 12 inches from their last supporting insulator. (g) Sub-bases shall be installed under all snap switches and receptacles. Rule 502 Concealed Knob-and-Tube Work (a) Concealed knob-and-tube work shall not be used for potentials exceeding 150 volts to ground, and/or 300 volts between any two conductors. SECTION 5. —RULE 502 20

(b) Conductors shall be of the rubber-covered (R) type.

(c) Conductors shall be separately supported on incombustible, non-absorptive insulators. A separation of at least 4 inches between conductors and I inch from all adjacent surfaces shall be maintained. At distribution centres, meters, outlets, switches or other places where 4-inch separation cannot be maintained each conductor shall be encased in a continuous length of flexible tubing.

fd) Conductors, where practicable, shall be run singly on separate timbers or studding.

(e) When conductors pass through, or near to, cross timbers in spaces behind plastering, any portion of the conductor which is within a vertical distance of 4 inches above the upper surface of the cross timbers shall be protected by porcelain tubes.

(f) If a change be made from concealed knob-and tube work to conduit or armoured cable, an approved terminal fitting shall be used which provides a separate bushed hole for each conductor, which conductor shall then pass through the fitting without joint. In this case the terminal fitting need not be accessible.

(g) At outlets, flexible-tubing shall be used and shall extend from the last insulating support into the outlet box and be secured to the box in some approved manner.

(h) If it be impracticable to employ insulating supports, the conductors, if not exposed to moisture, may be fished, if separately encased in flexible tubing extending in a continuous length from one support to the next or to the outlet, or from one outlet to another; otherwise conduit or armoured cable shall be used.

(i) If outlet, switch or receptacle boxes be installed on walls or ceilings in which plaster or other finish is on metal lathing, or if walls or ceilings be covered with metal, such boxes shall be permanently and effectually grounded. (j) If fittings are to be installed without outlet boxes, a piece , • of sound timber not less than 7,i inch thick shall be well secured in place behind the finish of the plaster in order to afford rigid support for the fittings. 30 SECTION S.—RULE 502

Nok: The following two clauses are primarily for field use. (k) Knobs shall )e so designed as to maintain the conductor at least 1 inch from the surface wired over, and shall conform to the ollowing minimum dimensions:

Sire of Base Inches. Solid Knob, Grooms. Inches. Slee of Square Knob. Conductor or Single Inclusive. Conductor gl.!/ 1. Cleats a 14 ie a 3 02

14-10 B. & S Gauge 13f ti 131 tii Sf 11-4 lif If 2 ,11 H 2-00 ff

000-300,000 ry C. M. 1!f 400,003- I 1,000000 3 1 5i Di H IS( C. M.

(I) Tubes and bushings shall conform o the following minimum dimensions. Diameteror Thick- Paternal Lasthol of External nem of Diameter Hole Dismeter Wall of Dead Head 1 In. X In. yf In. In.

I .1. I ny I%

2% 2 3% 2 t .3 3 An allowance of 1,64 of an Inch for variation In manufacturing will he per. milted. except in the thickness of the wall. SECTION 5.--RULE 30.1 31

Rule 503 Metal Conduit Work (a) No conduit smaller than inch, electrical trade size, shall be used. (b) Elbows and bends shall be made without undue distortion of the conduit and without injury either to its inner or outer surfaces. The radius of curvature of the inner edges of elbows and bends shall not be less than 3ti inches for rigid conduit, nor less than I YX inches for flexible conduit. (c) All conduit of the draw-in type shall be installed as a complete system before drawing in the conductors. If exposed to the weather, only threaded conduit shall be used, and the joints and fittings shall be made water-tight. Conductors shall not be drawn in until the mechanical work on the building reaches a stage where damage to the conduit, fittings or conductors is not likely to occur. (d) A run of conduit between outlet and outlet, or between any two draw-in points shall not include more than the equivalent of 4 quarter bends. (e) The conduit shall be mechanically and electrically continuous throughout. Conduit and fittings having conductive coatings shall be used unless enamelled material is specially desired. If enamelled conduit and fittings are used, the enamel shall be completely removed at all contact surfaces, in order to secure electrical continuity. Note: Mechanical and ekarical continuity involves Me use of approved conduit fillings and metal cabinets throughout. (f) Conduit shall be mechanically and electrically secured to all fittings to which it is attached and bushings shall be used to protect the conductors from abrasion. (g) Fins and burrs shall be removed from the ends of conduit to prevent injury to the conductors. (h) Pull-in, junction-, and outlet-boxes, and cabinets, shall be accessible. (i) Conductors, where they issue from the ends of conduit, shall be protected either with approved fittings having separately bushed holes for each conductor, or in some other approved manner. (j) Conduit, if laid in cinders, shall be protected from corrosive action by a grouting of concrete not less than 1 inch in thickness entirely surrounding the conduit. k 52 SECTION 3.—RULES 50.1-5W

(k) Conductors shall, for ordinary conditions, be of the rubber-insulated (R) type. In permanently dry locations the varnished cloth-insulated (VC) type may also be used. Where room temperatures exceed 50 degrees C. (122 degrees F.) slow burning (SB) type shall be used. (I) Where conductors of larger size than No. 8 B. & S Gauge. are necessary, only those having a double braid or a tape and braid shall be used. (m) All conductors larger than No. 8 B. & S. Gauge shall be stranded. (n) All the conductors of a circuit shall be contained in the same conduit, but the same conduit shall not contain circuits of different systems, and there shall be no joints or splices in the conductors, within the conduit. (o) The site of conduit shall be such that the conductors can be both drawn and withdrawn without injury to the conductors (See Appendix A---"Appropriate sizes of Conduit for Conductors"). (p) Conductors in vertical conduit shall be supported at the following intervals:— No. 14 B. & S. G. to No. B. & S.C. not greater than 100 ft. No.00 to No. 0000 not greater than 80 ft. 220,000 C.M. to 350,000 C.M. not greater than 60 ft. 350,001 C.M. to 500,000 C.M. not greater than 50 ft. 500,001 C.M. to 750,000 C.M. not greater than 40 ft. Above 750,000 C.M. not greater than 35 ft. Any method of support may be used which, while main- taining the continuity of the conduit system, does not injure either the cables or their covering. Rule 504 Armoured Cable Work (a) Conductors of armoured cables shall be of the rubber- covered (R) type. A distinctive marker shall be run throughout the centre length of the cable. (b) All the conductors of a circuit shall be contained within the same armouring, but the same armouring shall not contain circuits of different systems. (c) Armouring (and lead sheathing if any) shall be mechanically and electrically continuous throughout. (See corresponding requirement under "Metal Conduit Work"). (d) The armouring of cable shall be mechanically and electrically secured to all fittings to which it is attached and bushings shall be used to protect the conductors from abrasion. SECTION 3.—RULES 304-503 33

(e) Bends shall be so made that armouring (and lead sheathing if any) are not injured, and the radius of the inner edge of bends on the smallest cables, shall not be less than 11i inches. (f) Armoured cable, if it be used in so-called fire-proof buildings in course of construction, shall have a lead- sheathing between the outer braid and the armour. (g) Pull-in-, junction-, and outlet-boxes and cabinets shall be accessible. (h) Armoured cable, if laid in cinders, shall be protected from corrosive action by a grouting of concrete not less than inch in thickness entirely surrounding the cable. Rule 505 Surface Raceway Work (a) Wood moulding shall not be used for surface-raceway work. (b) Raceways shall not be used for circuits protected by fuses rated at more than 20 amperes at 125 volts, or 10 amperes at 250 volts, and shall not be used where the potential exceeds 300 volts between any two conductors nor on ungrounded circuits. P • (c) Raceways shall not be concealed and shall not be installed in damp places. (d) Backing shall be secured in position by screws or bolts, the heads of which shall be flush with the metal. (e) Raceways shall properly enter and be secured to all fittings and devices, and shall be electrically continuous and mechanically secured in position throughout. Enamel shall be removed at all contact surfaces where such removal is necessary to ensure electrical continuity. (f) All the conductors of a circuit shall be contained in the same raceway. (g) The size and number of conductors placed in metal raceways shall not be so great as in any way to injure the Insulation or covering of the conductors or interfere with the capping being properly set in place. (h) Conductors shall have a rubber insulating covering and there shall be no joints or splices in the conductors within the raceway. (i) Raceways may be extended through a dry wall or partition but no joints in the raceway itself shall be concealed within such wall or partition unless such wall or partition be construction wholly of incombustible material. Where a wall or partition is damp, or where the raceway 34 SECTION 3.—RULES 303-306

passes through a floor, a sleeve of iron pipe shall be placed over the raceway and shall extend clear of either side of the wall, partition or floor. Where protection from mechanical injury is necessary a sleeve of iron pipe shall be employed. Multiple-channel raceways may be employed and may carry the conductors of different systems provided that each compartment contains only the conductor, of one system and that the compartment allotted to each system maintains the same relative position throughout. The systems may include communication systems. Rule 506 Underfloor Raceways (a) Underfloor raceways shall be used only in dry locations in buildings of fire-resistive construction. They shall be embedded in the concrete or concrete fill of the floor. (b) Underfloor raceways may be placed in the concrete fill between the rough and the finished floor when there is at least 1 inch of concrete placed above the raceway. Under- floor raceways of open-bottom type shall not be used in floors of monolithic construction. Other types shall not be used in floors of monolithic construction without the consent of supervising structural authorities in addition to the approval of the Inspection Department. (c) Underfloor raceways of open-bottom type shall not be used in shallow-floor concrete fills unless proper cover is maintained and either a pad of concrete not less than 1 inch thick or approved fittings protect the wire from contact with piping, structural steel or other metal. The raceway shall be laid on a smooth clean surface and, in deep concrete fills, it shall be brought to the proper level by setting it on a concrete pad of proper thickness and at least twice the width of the raceway. (d) Underfloor raceways shall be so laid that a straight line from the centre of one junction box to the centre of the next junction box will coincide with the centre line of the raceway. Raceways shall be mechanically secured to prevent disturbance of this alignment during construction. (e) All joints along edges of raceways and between raceways, couplings and junction boxes and between the junction box cover plates and cover ring shall be filled with an approved waterproof cement. Raceways shall be so arranged that there will be no low points or traps either at the fittings or in the raceway run. Crossings shall be avoided where- ever possible. SECTION S.—RULE .s 35

(I) Where raceways are run at other than right angles, special fittings shall be provided if, in the judgment of the In- spection Department, these are necessary. Connection between raceways and distribution centre or wall outlets shall be by means of metal conduit or approved fittings . Dead ends of raceways shall terminate in junction boxes or other approved fittings. (g) Inserts or outlets in raceways shall be made both mechanically and electrically secure. Inserts in fibre raceways shall be screwed into the fibre and shall not be set until the floor is laid unless inserts are made mechanically secure by separately grouting them in. All inserts and junction boxes shall be carefully levelled to the floor grade and sealed with approved water-tight plugs. (h) Care shall be exercised in setting inserts and when cutting through the raceway wall that chips and other dirt do not fall into the raceway. Special tools designed to eliminate this objection and to prevent the tools entering the raceway and injuring conductors already there, shall be employed. (i) Metal raceways and metal fittings shall be suitably protected from corrosion. (j) Raceways shall be mechanically and electrically continuous throughout. (k) In non-metallic underfloor raceway systems a conductor of a size required under "Grounding Conductors" by clause (g) Rule 908, shall be run within the raceway, in order to provi4 means for grounding the outlet and junction boxes as required under "What to Ground" by clause (b) Rule 904. (I) Underfloor raceways shall not contain conductors the potential difference between any two of which exceeds 300 volts; they shall not contain the conductors of any circuit, at a voltage of 125 or less, protected by fuses rated at more than 15 amperes; nor of any circuit, at 125 to 250 volts, protected by fuses rated at more than 10 amperes. (m) Multiple-channel underfloor raceways may be employed and may carry the conductors of different systems, provided that each compartment contains only the conductors of one system and that the compartment allotted to each system maintains the same relative position throughout. The systems may include communication systems. (n) Communication conductors and conductors for lighting- heating and power circuits may be run in the same com • 36 SECTION S.—RILES 306- c07

part ment of underfloor raceways if all of the conductors of either system are enclosed in incombustible tubing or metal armour. • (Ix) Conductors shall be of the ruliber.covered (R) type, and shall be continuous between draw-in points, no joints or taps being located in the raceway proper. (p) In open-bottom raceways, approved double-braid rubber- covered conductors, Type RI), or armoured cable shall be used. Where it is impossible to install the cement pad, required by clause (c)above, at crossings with other conduits, structural steel or other metal, armoured cable shall be used for branch circuits. (q) Not more than 10 single conductors nor more than four 2-conductor armoured cables shall be placed in any one compartment of an underfloor raceway, and these numbers shall be reduced in any instance where, in the judgment of the Inspection Department, this is necessary. (r) All the conductors of a circuit shall be contained in the same raceway or raceway channel. (s) Conductors shall not be drawn in until all mechanical work on the building has been completed. (t) Junction boxes shall not be used as outlet boxes, and the distance between adjacent boxes in the same run of raceway shall not exceed 60 feet. (u) All metal raceways shall be made of material not less than No. 14 (U.S.) Sheet Metal Gauge (.078 inch).

Rule 507 Non-Metallic Sheathed Cable Work Note: In the following rules where cross references are made to rules which require the use of flexible tubing, is shall be understood Thal for non-metallic sheathed cable such tubing is not required. (a) Non-metallic sheathed cable shall not be used where the potential exceeds 300 volts between any two conductors. (b) The cable may be of either two-, or three-conductor assemblies in all approved sizes. (c) The cable shall be used only in private residences, either old or new, having wood-joist construction. Note: Private Residence: Any building which stands alone, or which is cut off from other buildings by unpitrced fire-walls, and is designed for use as a dwelling for not more than two farniks. A duplex house, haring not more than two apartment suites abort the basement, shall be deemed to be a private residence. SECTION 5.—RULE 507 37

The cable shall be run in continuous lengths from outlet box to outlet box (or junction boxes or panel boxes) asa "loop" system, all joints, splices and taps being made iin the boxes. The cable shall be secured between outlets by means of straps or other approved devices spaced at intervals not exceeding 4 feet. Ends of cable shall terminate in metal boxes, not less than inches deep, except at ceiling outlets, where boxes inch deep may be used; in finished buildings cable- ends at lighting outlets may terminate in 3 inch boxes where it is not practicable to use deeper boxes. Bending and other handling of the cable shall be such that the covering of the cable is not injured. Straps and equivalent devices used to support the cable shall fit it properly. The cable shall not be buried in plaster, cement or similar finish. Cables in unfinished attics shall be run, supported, and protected, in the same manner as is required for that portion of the building which is to be completed; but in roof spaces which will be permanently inaccessible and in which there are no gas or water pipes the cable will be considered as not exposed to mechanical injury and may therefore be run either through, or upon, the timbers. Except as provided in the preceding clause the cable will generally be considered as exposed to mechanical injury where it is run across the open faces of ceiling :joists and shall under these conditions be installed as required under "Mechanical Protection of Conductors." In places where the possibility of mechanical injury is remote these requirements need not be observed. (I) When the cable is run through holes in studs, joists or similar wood members, the holes shall either be so located that the outer circumference of the hole will not be less than l inches from the edges of such wood members or else the cable shall be effectively protected from mechanical injury where passing through the holes. (m) At outlet and other boxes the cable shall be rigidly fastened to such boxes by means of fittings which completely close the opening. (n) Boxes and other fittings used shall be of types approved for use with non-metallic sheathed cable. 311 SECTION 5.—RULES 307-501

(o) Boxes used for flush devices shall be not less than 3 inches deep, except that, in narrow partitions, shallow boxes may be used wherever not more than one joint is to be made in a box. (p) The cable may be used in open-wiring work under the following conditions:— (1) It may be supported directly upon surfaces of woodwork, plaster, concrete, brick or other building finish. (2) Cable, when run at less than 5 feet above the floor, shall be adequately protected. (See "Mechanical Protection of Conductors"). When run horizontally along a mall it shall be at least 6 inches above the floor. (q) In concealed wiring where it is impracticable to provide the supports specified in clause (e) the cable may be fished . (See "Concealed Knob-and-Tube Work"). Rule 508 Outlets (a) On any two wires of a branch circuit to which any flexible conductor or fixture wire of less current-carrying capacity than that of a No. 14 II. & S. Gauge copper ware is connected, or is liable to be connected, the number of outlets shall not exceed 12. (b) The number of Mogul sockets connected to any two wires of a branch circuit shall not exceed 8. (c) Mogul sockets and receptacles and the fixtures with which they are used shall be wired with conductors of not less than No. 12 B. & S. Gauge. Taps from the circuit wires to any fixture equipped only with Mogul sockets need not be of larger current-carrying capacity than is required for the conductors in the fixture. (d) Outlet boxes shall be installed at all outlets except in open wiring and as permitted below. This also applies to receptacle outlets and flush-switch points. In locations where it is undesirable to break the surface of a wall for the installation of outlet or flush switch boxes, the use of mats of wood or other suitable material will be permitted. (e) In buildings under construction and where practicable in existing buildings, outlet boxes, not less than 11i inch deep, shall be used for all wall outlets. (f) Where conductors enter cabinets, metal boxes, metal troughs, or the like, or where the insulation is subject to SECTION 5.—RULES 509410 39

abrasion, they shall be protected by bushings which shall fit tightly and be well secured in place. For wires entering cabinets, as in concealed knob-anildube work, approved flexible tubing will be accepted in lieu of bushings provided that it extends from the last porcelain support into the cabinet,

Rule 509 Basements, Bathrooms, etc. (a) In kitchens, basements, bathrooms, lavatories, etc., and in any damp location, the external parts of electric fittings and fixtures shall be made of Insulating material, unless they are permanently and effectually grounded. In such places drop lights shall not be used; sockets shall be keyless and shall be controlled by wall switches.

Rule 510 Wiring on Exteriors of Buildings (a) Conductors on, or in close proximity to, the exteriors of buildings shall be so installed and protected that they will not be a menace to workmen or to other persons, and that they will not, themselves, be liable to mechanical injury. They shall not be less than 10 feet from the ground. If conductors are to be so located that they would be liable to mechanical injury from awnings, swinging signs, shutters or other movable objects, they shall be run in metal conduit made weatherproof. (b) Conductors and cables exposed to the weather may be supported by brackets, racks, insulators or other approved means, provided that the individual wires are thereby separated from each other at least 6 inches, that the supports are spaced at intervals not exceeding 9 feet, and that the conductors are held at least 2 inches from adjacent surfaces. Where approved brackets etc., are not used, petticoat insulators shall be used, so located that they will hold individual conductors at least one foot apart, and at least 2 inches from adjacent surfaces. These insulators shall be spaced at intervals not exceeding. 15 feet; if conductors are liable to disturbance this interval shall be suitably decreased. Conductors not exposed to the weather may be supported on glass or porcelain knobs placed at intervals not exceeding Ori feet and holding the conductors at least I inch from adjacent surfaces. Conductors so run shall have either e rubber Insulation or a weatherproof covering. 40 SECTION 5.—RULES 510- 512

(c) Multiple-conductor cables shall be kept at least 6 inches from adjacent woodwork or other combustible material, and at least 12 inches from such material if this over- hang the cables, unless other approved means affording equivalent protection be used. (d) Conductors may only be carried over buildings by special permission and work shall not be commenced till plans and specifications have been approved by the In- spection Department. Conductors shall be so located or guarded that they cannot be reached by a person standing on the roof or any portion thereof, and they shall be at least 8 feet clear of the highest point of the roof. Conductors passing over buildings shall if practicable be supported on structures which are independent of the buildings, but if this be impracticable they shall be securely supported on suitable trestles, constructed, preferably, of steel. Rule 511 Insulation Resistance (a) A completed installation shall have, exclusive of the panel boards, a resistance between conductors, and between all conductors and ground, not less than: Up to S amperes 4,000,000 ohms. Up to 10 amperes 2,000,000 ohms. Up to 25 amperes 800,000 ohms. Up to SO amperes 400,000 ohms. Up to 100 amperes 200,000 ohms. Up to 200 amperes 100,000 ohms. Up to 400 amperes 50,000 ohms. Up to 800 amperes 25,000 ohms. Up to 1,600 amperes 12,000 ohms. (b) If panel boards, lamp sockets, receptacles, fixtures and other appliances are connected, the minimum resistance required shall be one half that specified in the table.

Rule 512 Use of Metal Conduit or Armoured Cable (a) In all classes of work specified below only metal conduit work or armoured cable work shall be employed. This will not prohibit the use of underfloor raceways. (I) For wiring of stationary motors of H.P. and larger sizes at 110 volts or more, except those in private residences. SECTION 3.—RULES 512-313 41

(2) Wiring in such buildings as are defined by local by- laws as being of fire-proof or slow-burning construction. (3) Wiring in garages of sufficient floor area to permit of storage of more than two vehicles. (4) Wiring in grain elevators; flour mills; stables con- taming more than 10 stalls; hotels; saw-mills; buildings in which gasoline or other volatile materials or explosives are handled; private or public hospitals and asylums, and other public buildings; all churches, halls or meeting places where the seating acconuno- dation is 150 or more. (5) Wiring in educational institutions having two or more floors above the ground level, and all such buildings of four rooms or more. (6) Wiring in theatres, including moving-picture theatres. (7) Consumer's service conductors. (8) Wiring from distribution centres to electric signs located on, or attached to, buildings. I (9) Wiring from service boxes to meters unless equivalent protection is provided. (10) Wiring on ceilings and walls covered with metal. (11) Wiring in cold storage plants and refrigerating rooms unless special permission is given to employ some other type of wiring. (12) Wiring for fire-escape lights and fire gongs.

Rule 513 Derived 3-Wire Interior Systems for Auto-Transformers Used as Balancing Coils (a) Transformers in which a part of the turns is common to both primary and secondary circuits (ordinarily known as auto-transformers) shall not be used as balance coils from which 3-wire single-phase systems are derived. Such auto-transformers shall not be used to supply any interior wiring system unless the system supplied contains an identified grounded conductor which is solidly connected to a similar identified grounded conductor of the system supplying the auto-transformer. This rule, however, does not prohibit the use of auto-transformers for supplying motor-starting circuits of individual motors, nor for the supply of circuits wholly within a device which also contains the auto-transformer. 42 SECTION S.—RULES 601 602

SECTION 6—CONDUCTORS

Rule 601

General Note: See Appendix "B"—"Wiring Tabk for 2 per rent. Drop in Potential on 110 Volts."

(a) Conductors shall be of copper, and, except for flexible cord, shall have a current-carrying capacity of not less than that of No. 14 B & S. Gauge copper wire. (b) Joints or splices unless made with solderless connectors shall be soldered, but shall first be nude both mechanically and electrically secure. All joints or splices shall be covered with an Insulation equivalent to that on the conductors joined. Ends of Insulated conductors (e.g., those at switch and fixture outlets) if not in use, shall be insulated as required for joint..

(c) Stranded conductors, except in flexible cords, shall be soldered before being fastened under clamps or binding screws. Stranded or solid conductors of greater current- carrying capacity than No. 8 B. & S. Gauge copper shall be soldered into lugs at terminals unless solderless connectors be used. (d) Conductors shall be so supported that no injurious strain will be imposed on the terminals of apparatus, devices, etc., nor on any joints or taps.

(e) If conductors are liable to be subjected to temperatures above 50 degrees C. (122 degrees F.> the slow-burning (S.B.) type shall be used.

Rule 602

Flexible Cord

(a) Flexible cords for pendants and portable devices shall conform to the following table: SECTION 6.—RULE 602 41

t d

mV n one R Wp. tton

Wp. .1

a h h r ter t 3 .,..° t 1: ,r,- Wp.

3 kili Co ou t: i W0. Wp. 2 Cover bo Vp. bo mou r 1 n. ton h t te Ar 3:8 .q&,,, to ,e- ton more tton § t tton t bot t to 3 - Co Ou Co Co

t U or v :;. uZ Co 6 1 Co 3 2 1

t t t kt. kt. ke ke i ke c c c J :i J b.

b. Ja .24. d Ja Ja n r Of a Ru Ru bber bber bbe c. -

ec. .1'`

k e Ru Ru i Ru Sp or rd Sp 4

k id

i ids r a a h Silk S to Silk h r Bra g :: 2 Wp. Bra t. or o or t. duc Eac 2 g : n n ton 3 tt' Co t

Branc u to

tton : on Co t tto Coo Co No u 6 Co No Co Co

d d d

/ 0 3 ,„3 Wp.. d Cor l." le

d 1 il Cor Cor '. a r b

i PL Utc lOvrA' ce ..e. Cor SJ S e e Re Ca d Co house ter Wo p e 2 Pr Oh d

t -. --„J1 .. t £k. Servi Typ ... .0.s>. d

0 Hea force Typ ..,.9 .... Stag

1 more .E. k ti md3 in See Har Pac king 1 1 x z Ar Re 1 4.R2 ,,,,,,6g t-,4.7; ii! .,77 ,.. . (4. x

v t

o • : s : 411 to 1 41 0 1 .. bl.p . no Is, im ep lo ;NS zi Usat : PC .. di,. d gi Os le 1 ..el ..al ;J1 mi p.m

zo Whet Har 4 '9 g 44 SECTION 6.—RULES 601-604

(b) Flexiblecord shall not be used for the suspension of any device which would impose an injurious strain on either the cord or fittings. Flexible cord shall be used only for pendants, fixtures, portable lamps and other portable devices. (c) Flexible cord shall be protected by an Insulating bushing or in some other approved manner where it enters a socket or other device. (d) Flexible cord shall have a current-carrying capacity not less than that of No. 18 13. & S. Gauge copper wire. (e) Wherever flexible cord is used in conjunction with pull-off connectors such devices shall be so arranged that there will be no current-carrying parts exposed when the two halves of the connector are separated. Rule 603 Neutral Conductors (a) In 3-wire (not 3-phase) systems the neutral conductor shall be of sufficient capacity to carry the maximum current to which it may be subjected. (b) The neutral conductor shall be run direct from the service box to all centres of distribution and all branch connections to the neutral shall be made at such centres. (c) The neutral conductor, if any, on all 3-wire circuits,and one conductor on all 2-wire circuits, if Insulated with rubber, shall, in sizes up to and including No. 4 II. & S. Gauge, have a continuous identifying marker readily distinguishing it from the other conductors. The identification shall consist of a white or natural grey covering. The coverings of the other conductors shall be finished to show a continuous colouring other than white or natural gray. If one of the circuit conductors is to be grounded, the ground connection shall be made to this identified conductor. For conductors larger than No. 4 B. & S. Gauge and for those having other than rubber insulation, identification shall either be continuous, as for No. 4 and smaller sizes, or else each continuous length of conductor shall, at the time of installation, be suitably labelled, or otherwise clearly marked, at each end so that it can be readily identified. Rule 604 Supporting of Conductors (a) Conductors, not held in place by other means permitted by these Rules, shall be supported on incombustible non- absorptive Insulators. SECTION 6.—RULES 601-603 43

(IA Split knobs shall not be used to support conductors larger than No. 8 B. & S. Gauge. (r) Conductors supported on solid knobs shall be wssirdy tied thereto and the Insulation on tie wires shall he of the same type as that on the conductors whirls they secure. (d) Either solid knobs or strain Insulators shall be used at the ends of runs for conductors of No. 8 B. & S. Gauge or larger. (e) Knobs and cleats shall be securely fastened with screws.

Rule 605 Mechanical Protection of Conductors (a) Open wires, if supported on the faces of joists, wall-studs, or other timbers, or on walls in locations where they would be exposed to mechanical injury, shall be protected by running-boards, guard-stripe, wooden boxing or sleeves of iron pipe. Open wires shall not be run across the tope of ceiling joists in unfinished attics or like places. Conductor*, or portions thereof, which are less than 7 feet above the floor shall be considered as being exposed to mechanical injury. Material for running-hoards, guard-strips and boxing shall be not less than 7/8 inch thick and the edges of running- boards shall be at least 3. inch beyond the insulators on both sides. Guard-strips shall be at least as high as the Insulators and placed as close to the conductors as the rules permit. In wooden boxing there shall be a clear space of not less than one inch between conductors and adjacent surfaces, and ends of boxing not abutting on the structure of the building shall be closed. If iron pipe sleeves be used all the wires of any one circuit shall be run in one sleeve and each wire shall be separately enclosed in flexible tubing extending in a continuous length the entire distance between the Insulators adjacent to the ends of the sleeve. (b) Low-potential conductors only may be installed in elevator shafts, and either rigid metal conduit or armoured cable shall be used. (c) Insulated conductors, if closely grouped, as in the rear of switchboards, shall each have a substantial flame-proof outer covering. The flame-proof covering shall be stripped back on all conductors a sufficient distance from the terminals to give 46 SECTION 6.—RULE 603

the necessary Insulation for the voltage of the circuit on which the conductor is used. (d) Conductors between generators, transformers, switchboard., and other apparatus used in connection therewith, shall either be exposed to view and supported on incombustible, non-absorptive Insulator,, or they shall be run in metal conduit, tile or other fireproof ducts, or armoured cable shall be used. (e) Conductors in conduit or ducts exposed to moisture shall be lead-sheathed. A pot-head or equivalent device shall be used to protect the conductors from moisture and mechanical injury where they issue from the lead-sheathing. (f) The radii of all bends in conductors shall be sufficiently large to insure that no injury will be done either to the conductors or their Insulation, covering or sheathing. (g) Holes in outer walls through which conduits or ducts pass shall be made water-tight in a permanent and effective manner, and the openings in such conduit or ducts, if underground, shall be made gas-tight if this be required by the Inspection Department. (h) If not exposed to mechanical injury, conductors where passing through walls, floors, timbers or partitions, shall each be bushed with a porcelain tube which shall be continuous throughout its length and which shall project at least h inch beyond the finished surfaces from which it issues. In locations where porcelain bushings would be exposed to mechanical injury all the conductors of a circuit shall be bushed with a single sleeve of iron pipe, and each conductor shall be separately encased in a continuous length of flexible tubing extending the full distance between the insulators next adjacent to the ends of the bushing. The iron sleeve shall be well secured in place and shall extend at least h inch beyond the finished surfaces from which it issues. (i) If conductors approach at any point within 2 inches of other electrical conductors or of metallic piping or other conducting material they shall, at such points, be protected by porcelain tubes, or by flexible tubing firmly fixed in plam. In damp places either porcelain tubes shall be used or there shall be an air-space of not less than 1 inch between the flexible tubing and wet or other conducting surfaces. SECTION 7.—RCLES 701-701 47

SECTION 7—OUTLET BOXES AND CABINETS Rule 701 Outlet Fittings Note: This rule is primarily for field use. (a) Boxes and outlet fittings, and junction or pull boxes not over 150 cubic inches in size, shall be composed of pressed steel not less that No. 14 U. S. sheet metal gauge (0.078 inch I in thickness, or of cast metal having a wall thickness not less than :Si inch. lb) Boxes of over 150 cubic inches in size shall be composed of metal and shall conform to the requirements fur cabinets and cut-out boxes, except that the covers may consist of single flat sheets secured to the box proper by screws or bolts instead of binges. 1 Note: Boxes haring covers of this form are for use only for enclosing joints in wires or to facilitate the drawing in of tares or cables. They are not intended to enclose swikhes, cut-outs or other control devices. (c) Metal covers of outlet boxes shall be of thickness equal to that of the wall of the box, or shall lie lined with firmly attached Insulating material not less than 1/32 inch in thickness. • Covers of porcelain or other approved material may be used if of such form and thickness as to afford the requisite protection and strength. (d) Flush switch and receptacle plates, if of metal, shall be not less than 0.01 inch in thickness.

Rule 702 Cabinets and Cut-out Boxes Note: This rule is primarily for field use. (a) Cabinets and cut-out boxes intended for outdoor use shall be of weatherproof type. (b) Cabinets and cut-out boxes which contain devices or apparatus connected within the cabinet or box to the wires of more than four circuits, including branch circuits, meter loops, sub-feeder circuits, power circuits from lighting panels and similar circuits, but not including the supply circuit or a continuation thereof, shall have back wiring spaces or one or more side wiring spaces, side gutters or wiring compartments, unless the wires leave the cabinet or cut-out box directly opposite their terminal connections. 48 SECTION 7.—RULE 702

(c) The design and construction of cabinets and cut-out boxes shall be such as to secure ample strength and rigidity. (d) The spacing within cabinets and cut-out boxes shall be sufficient to provide ample room for the distribution of conductors and cables placed in them, and for a separation between metal parts of cabinets or cut-out boxesand current- carrying parts of devices and apparatus mounted within them as follows: 1. There shall be an air space of at least 1-16 inch, except at points of support, between the base of the device and the wall of any metal cabinet or cut-out box on which the device is mounted. 2. There shall bean air space of at least 1 inch between any live metal part (including live metal parts of enclosed fuses) and the door, unless the door is lined with an approved Insulating material or is of a thickness of at least that of No. 12 (U. S.) Sheet Metal Gauge (.109 inch) when the air space shall be not less than )j inch.

3. Except as noted above, there shall be an air space of at least M inch between the walls, back, gutter partition, if of metal, or door, of any cabinet or cut-out box and the nearest exposed current-carrying Part of devices mounted within the cabinet where the potentials do not exceed 250 volts. This spacing shall be increased to at least 1 inch where the potentials exceed 250 volts. (e) Cabinets and cut-out boxes shall be deep enough to allow of the closing of the doors when 30 ampere branch circuit panelboard switches are in any position, or when combination cut-out switches are in any position, or when other single-throw switches are opened as far as their construction will permit.

(f) Side wiring spaces, side gutters or side wiring compartments of cabinets shall he rendered tight enclosures by means of covers, barriers or partitions extending from the bases of the devices contained in the cabinet to the door, frame or sides of the cabinet; provided, however, that where the enclosure contains only those conductors or cables which are led from the cabinet at points directly opposite their terminal connections to devices within the cabinet, such covers, barriers or partitions may be omitted. Partially enclosed back wiring spaces shall be provided with covers to complete the enclosure. SFA TION 8.—RULES sot MU My

SECTION 8—PROTECTIVE AND CON 11101. EQUIPMENT Rule 801 General (a) Electrical equipment, except as specifically provided for in these Rules,shall be protected from excessive currents, excessive voltages, excessive speeds and from any condition liable to interfere with its successful operation, by approved protective equipment. Protective equipment may, in certain cases, be omitted if, in the opinion of the Inspection Department, its use is inadvisable or unnecessary. (b) Feeders from a main switchboard or main centre of distribution supplying different buildings of a group, or sections of a single building, shall each be provided with a switch which may be safely used under load to disconnect the feeder which it controls.

Rule 802 Cut-outs--General (a) Cut-outs shall be readily accessible and shall either be enclosed in cabinets mounted vertically, or shall be so protected or located as to be inaccessible to unauthorized persons. (b) Every ungrounded conductor shall be protected by a cut-out at the point where it receives its supply of current. Exceptions to this rule are as follows:— (1) If a cut-out in a larger conductor properly protects the smaller. (2) As permitted for flexible cords of smaller gauge than the circuit conductors. (See clause (e) below). (3) As permitted for conductors to motors in cases where the device which protects the motor while running is shunted or is otherwise inoperative during the starting period. (c) No neutral or grounded conductor of a circuit shall Ire protected by a cut-out which does not simultaneously disconnect the other conductors of the circuit. (d) Cut-outs shall be grouped where practicable. 30 SECTION 21.—RULE 002

(e) The rating of fuses shall not exceed the allowable continuous current-carrying capacity of the conductors which they protect, except as tollows:-- (1) In the paragraph next succeeding, relating to the protection of flexible cord of less than 14 B. & S. Gauge. (2) In rules under "Protection of Motor Circuits."

No branch circuit to which medium base socket. or receptacles, or to which fixture wire or flexible cord of less than No. 14 B. & S. Gauge wire are connected, or arc likely to be connected, shall be protected by fuses of ratings exceeding the following:— For potentials up to 125 volts - 15 amperes.

For potentials between 125 and 250 volts-10 amperes. No branch circuit to which sockets or receptacles of the Mogul type only are connected shall be protected by fuses of ratings exceeding the following:-- For potentials up to 125 volts-40 amperes.

For potentials between 125 and 250 volts-20 amperes. (0 The following tattle, showing the maximum allowable continuous current-carrying capacity of copper wires and cables of 98 per cent. conductivity shall be followed in selecting conductors. SECTION 8.-RULE 103 St

Minimum Allowable Continuant Curreet-earutal 81188thl Conductor A Ana In Rubber Varnished Here Cond lir • 11. & 8. Circular Insulation Cambric In- ore or other Gauge Mlle Amperes eulatIon Approved Amperes Insulation

IS 1,624 3 1 16 2,583 6 10 14 4,107 IS 18 20 11 6.530 20 23 23 10 10,380 25 30 30 16.510 33 40 50 6 26,230 50 60 70 5 33.100 33 65 60 41,740 70 85 90 3 52,630 SO 95 100 2 66,370 90 110 125 1 61,690 100 120 150 0 105,300 123 ISO 200 00 133,100 ISO 180 225 000 167,800 175 210 273 0000 211,600 223 270 323 250,000 250 300 350 300,000 273 330 400 350,000 300 360 450 400,000 323 390 SOO 300,000 400 480 600 600,000 450 340 680 700,000 300 600 760 800,000 350 660 840 900,000 600 720 920 1.000,000 650 780 1,000 1,100,000 690 830 1,080 1,200,000 730 880 1.130 1.300.000 770 920 1.220 1.402,000 810 970 1,290 1.000000 850 1,020 1,360 1,600,000 890 1.070 1,430 1,700,000 930 1,120 1,490 1.800,000 970 1,160 1,550 1.900.000 1,010 1.210 1,610 2.000000 1.050 1,260 1,670

(g) Fuses shall not be placed in the canopies or shellsof fixtures, nor in rosettes. (h) For the protection of conductors having safe current- carrying capacities exceeding the rated capacity of the largest approved size of fuse of the enclosed type, enclosed fuses arranged in multiple may be used, provided that as few fuses as possible are used and the fuses are of equal capacity, and provided the terminals are mounted on a single continuous pair of substantial busbars. Nok: This ruk shall not apply to motor cutout. 52 SECTION 8.—RULE 802

(i) Automatic overload circuit-breakers, of the instantaneous type, if installed without fuses in series with them, shall be set to operate at not more than 30 per cent. above the allowable current-carrying capacity of the conductors which they protect. Automatic overload circuit-breakers of the time-limit tooperateh leeereaett than ellOt ypeorf cent. arveshathebeasellotw current-carrying conductors which they protect. Note: For exceptions to the requirements of the two foregoing paragraphs see "Protection of Motors." (i) An automatic overload circuit-breaker, when installed without other automatic overload protective devices, shall have one pole in each ungrounded conductor, except as provided for generators not electrically driven. (See "Control and Protection of Generators.") (k) Automatic overload circuit-breakers, except as provided for under "Protection of Motors," shall be equipped with with overload trip coils as specified below:—

System Number and Location of Over- Load Protective Devices 3-wire, 3-phase A.C. ungrounded 2 trip coils, one in each of two or with one conductor grounded ungrounded conductor..

3-wire, 3-phase A.C. with 3 trip coils, one in each conductor. grounded neut ral.

4-wire, 3-phase A.C. 3 trip coils, one In each phase.

4-wire, 2-phase A.C. ungrounded 2 trip coils, one In each phase.

3-wire, 2-phase A.C. 2 trip coils, one In each outside conductor. 4-wire,-gdiaseneui:i.Z: with 4 triza collsa one t ln each unground• conductor.

3-wire, 2-phase A.C. 4 trip coils, one in each ungrounded conductor. 3-wire, I-phase A.C. or D.C. 2 trip coils. one in each outside conductor. 2-wire A.C. or D.C. ungrounded I trip coil, In ungrounded con- or with one conductor ground- ductor.

3-wire A.C. or D.C. with grounded 2 trip coil., one in each con- neutral. ductor. Note: This requirement will not prevent the use of one singk-pok automatic overload circuit- breaker in each conductor for the protection of an ungrounded 2-wire circuit. SECTION 8.--RULE 803 53

Rule 803 Switches—General (a) Switches shall be readily accessible. Nok: Rentote-control swathes will be considered as readily accessible if she means of controlling Them be readily accessible. (b) Knife switches shall be mounted with their bases in a vertical plane. Single-throw knife switches shall be so mounted that their blades move in a vertical plane and that gravity will not tend to close them. Double-throw knife switches may be mounted so that the throw will be either vertical or horizontal as preferred, but if the throw be vertical, a positive locking device or suitable stop shall be provided so as to ensure the blades remaining in the open position when so set. (c) Switches shall be so connected that the blades will be dead when the switch is open. (d) Switches used on ungrounded circuits shall operate so as to disconnect all conductors simultaneously. A single-pole switch may be used on a two-wire branch circuit tapped from an ungrounded 3-wire direct- current or single-phase system, provided it is not inserted in that conductor of the branch circuit which is connected to the neutral. (e) Switches used on grounded circuits shall operate so as to disconnect all conductors simultaneously or else there shall be no switch in the grounded conductor. (f) Switches used to control the same outlets from more than one point shall be no wired and connected that one of the branch-circuit conductors shall run direct to the outlets controlled thereby. (g) Knife switches shall be of the quick-break type on all direct-current circuits and on all alternating-current circuits of over 30 amperes capacity and, except on panel- boards and switchboards, accessible only to qualified persons, shall be of the enclosed externally operative type. (h) Switches and cut-outs when used together for the control and protection of any circuits or electrical equipment shall be so connected that the opening of the switches will leave the cutouts dead. Note: The following clauses are primarily for field use. (i) The spacing given in Tables I and 2 below shall be considered standard and as the minimum allowable, except as otherwise provided for in this Rule. 54 SECTION 11.—RULE 603

Table I Spacings between Parte of Opposite Polarity and Break Diet•n- ale within the area bounded by contact parts of the switch mechanism. Note: Them stocks, may be modified foe enclosed roileh alsemblirs 000e kew Men oppromed for are under specified rondilioa,, and which are morkal tloilegy to shoo thee conIiiione.

Spacinga-I oche. VOITAGa AMPS. Oppoeite Break Fuses If•axino Polarity Distance

123 V.DC or AC 30 I M For twitch- With or board. and pan- 1st I Without —A.1155' elboarde only. 60 30 1 t 60 I 1 tn 100 1 1h I 123 V. DC 200 and .300 2 3 With or —A.12SV. or AC 400 and 2 2 ii Without 600 to 3 2 6000 incl.

30 1 1 ii 60 2 2 100 2 2 I 250 V. DC 200 and •3 2 2 With or —A.250V. or AC 400 and 600 2 2 Without 600 to 3 2 6000 incl.

so 1 2 00 2i 2 both 100 2 t 2 250For V. DC 200 and 0. —A. 250V. and 500 V AC 400 and 600 2 lit Without DC, 500V, 100 to 3 2 j A.C. 6000 incl.

With —A.5005'. V 500 V. AC Same as in IV AC.

30 4 1 34 VI 600 V. DC 60 4 3 ii With or or AC 1 1M to 04 4 Without —A.600V. 6000 incl.

• The 300-ampere switchee. with pacing. of the 200-ampere twitches. may be used only on switchboards. Triple-pole switches, with 125-volt mitring between blades, for use on 3.wire aystems having 125 volts between adjacent wires and not over 250 volts between outside wires shall be spaced aa in II of Table I and be marked—A. 125V. Triple-pole twitches with 250volt spacings between blade., for use on 3-wire trite= having 250 volt, between adjacent wires and not over 300 yoga between outride wires, shall be spaced •. in Ill of Table 1. except 30-ampere fulled twitches to be spaced at in IV; they shall be marked—A. 150V and if equipped with fuses, fuse. .hall be of the 600-volt classification. SECTION 5. 141'1-ES 503 504 55

Table 2 Spacing between Parts of Opposite Polarity outside th• area bounded by the contact puts of the switch inechaniem. When Mounted on same Surface When Clear of Surface Not over 125 V. inch inch Not over 250 V. 1)i inch N inch Not over 600 V. 2 inch 1 inch Note: 11 is recommended that switches above 1000 amperes capacity be used not to break currents, but only as disconnecting switches. (j) Barriers placed between the poles of switches at the break jaws, and, therefore, located within the influence of the arc formed by the opening of the switch, shall be of such size and so located as to provide a separation, between contact parts measured in the shortest path through air, over the barrier, equal to that required for switches without barriers, (k) Switches designed (or double-throw and having three or more poles, shall not have front-connected terminals for the hinge contacts of the inner poles unless standard switch spacings between adjacent current-carrying metal parts of opposite polarity are secured, either by increased spacing between poles, or by the use of barriers. Rule 804 Protection of Motor Circuits (a) Conductors to only one motor shall have a current- carrying capacity as follows:— (I) For a motor having a starting-current not exceeding 200 per cent. of its name-plate current-rating--125 per cent of the name-plate current-rating. (2) For a motor having a starting-current exceeding 200 per cent. of its name-plate current-rating-150 per cent. of the name-plate current-rating. (b) To provide for the peak loads which are encountered in certain classes of service, the size of the conductors shall be governed by the magnitude, duration, and frequency of recurrence, of the peak load. Where the peak load is to be maintained for one hour or more, the current-carrying capacity of the conductors shall be sufficient to carry this peak load current continuously, but in any case clause (a) shall be observed in so far as it applies. (c) Conductors carryinf the starting-current of only one motor, of a type having a starting-current exceeding 200 per cent. of its name-plate current-rating, may be protected in accordance with the following table: S6 SECTION 8.—RULES 804-005

Maximum retina of fusee or setting Name-plat•current• of clrcult•breakers In poir coot of rating of motor name-plate current-rollag of motor (where auto-starters are used) 0-30 amperes 250 per cent. Above 30 amperes 200 per cent. (where auto-starters are not used) 0-30 amperes .300 per cent. (d) Conductors carrying the current of a group of alternating. current motors having starting-currents exceeding 200 per cent of their name-plate current-ratings may be protected by a cut-out suitable for the largest motorof the group on the basis of clause (c), and in addition the balance of the motors at their name-plate current-ratings. (e) If the device which protects a motor while running is shunted or is otherwise inoperative during the starting period, sufficient protection for both the motor and its conductors will have been provided if the cut-out next back on the line is arranged to operate at not more than 300 per cent. of the name-plate current-rating of the motor. (f) Alternating-current motors which are required to run in either direction (e.g. elevator and crane motors, etc., where phase-relation is depended upon for safety) shall be protected by automatic overload circuit-breakers or reverse-phase relays designed to operate either in the event of any phase reversal that would reverse the direction of rotation of the motor, or in the event of the motor operating on only one phase. Rule 505 Protection of Motors (a) Each motor shall be protected by a cut-out. (b) The number of overload trip-coils, relays or thermal cut-outs used shall be not less than shown in the following table: Type of Motor Number of Overload Trip-Coils, Raley* or Thermal Cutout.

4-wire. 2-phsse, A.C. 2-1 in each phase in ungrounded conductors. 2.pluse A.C. 2-1 In each outside conductor. J-wire, .3-phase A.C. 2-1 in each of two ungrounded conductors. A.C. or D.C. ungrounded 1 In either conductor. A.C. or D.C. {rounded 1 In the ungrounded conductor. 3-phase A.C. 3-1 in each of three ungrounded conductors. SECTION 8.—RULE SOS 37

(c) Motors may be grouped under the protection of a single set of fuses provided that the rated capacity of each fuse does not exceed 15 amperes and the total wattage of the circuit does not exceed 1,200 watts or provided each motor is protected by thermal cut-outs. The number and size of the motors grouped with thethermal cut-outprotect ion needbe limited only by the maximum size of the (uses with which the thermal cut-out can be safely used, and each thermal cut-out shall be marked to indicate the size of this fuse. (d) Fuses shall not be required in addition to circuit-breakers on main switchboards; where electrical equipment is under competent supervision; where next back on the line there are fuses rated, or a circuit-breaker is set, at not over 300 per cent. of the motor name-plate current-rating; or for circuits having a maximum capacity greater than that (or which enclosed fuses are designed. (e) If an alternating-current motor-starter, when in the running position, opens all of the ungrounded conductors of the circuit automatically under overload and is properly equipped with overload trip coils, it will be accepted in lieu of a circuit-breaker. (f) If the overload-release device of a direct-current motor- starter is inoperative during the process of starting the motor, a separate cut-out shall be provided. (g) Each motor having a continuous rating of over 2 ILI'. used for constant-load duty, shall be protected, under running conditions, in accordance with the following table:— stastmum Allowable Rollo" or Protective Device Used IbettInt In Percents". ol Name- Plats Current.RatIns of Motor Fuse or Thermal cut-out (rating) 125 per cent. Circuit-Breaker or Relay (setting) Time-limit type 125 per cent. Instantaneous type 160 per cent. Where nof uses or thermal cut-outs of the required capacity exist, those of the next higher standard rating may be used. If a circuit-breaker is used, it shall have a continuous current-carrying capacity of at least 125 per cent. of the name-plate current-rating of the motor. (h) Each motor shall be provided with proper starting equipment bearing the maker's name, its rating in horsepower, volts and amperes, if for alternating current, and the number of phases. 3$ SECTION 8.—RULE $05

Induction motors, of ratings up to and including 2 H. P., may be started with a single-throw switch. Except as provided in clause (i) below, larger induction motors of ratings up to and including 5 II. P. shall be started with double-throw switches, (unless some equivalent device be used) with their starting and running positions plainly marked, and so constructed that they cannot be left in the starting position. Induction motors of ratings larger than S H. P. shall, except as provided in clause (i) below be started with an auto-transformer starter or equivalent device. (i) Induction motors rated at not more than ni 11.P., if furnished with air or oil motor-starting switches of the free-handle type or remote-control contactors, and provided with overload inverse-time-limit protection which will limit the running protection to a value of not more than 125 per cent. of the name-plate current-rating of the motor, need not be provided with compensators. (j) Each motor with its starting device shall be controlled by an Indicating switch so arranged that the opening of the switch will disconnect all ungrounded motor leads. An automatic overload circuit-breaker may serve also as a switch. A single-pole switch may be used to control a 2-wire motor of not over 34 H.P. operating at a potential not exceeding 300 volts. (k) The switch and starting device shall both be visible from the motor. (I) The switch required by clause (i) may be omitted if the motor-starter disconnect all ungrounded conductors of the circuit. Exception may be made if auto-transformer starters are used; in this case a switch, visible from the auto-transformer, shall be provided on the supply side of each auto-transformer starter or group of such starters. (m) The motor switch required by clause (i) shall have a continuous current-carrying capacity of at least 125 per cent. of the name-plate current-rating of the motor. It may be a disconnecting switch if it is not intended to be operated under load and is so located or locked that it cannot readily be operated by unauthorized persons. (n) An automatic low-voltage-release device shall be provided for all alternating-current motors with a rating over S H. P. and on all direct-current motors with a rating of 1 H. P. and over. SECTION R. S ROS-A06 30

(o) Adjustable-speed motors, if controlleil by means of field regulation, shall be so equipped and connected that they cannot be started under weakened field.

Rule 806 Control and Protection of Generators (a) Each generator shall be provided with an indicating switch by means of which the generator, together with all protective devices and controlling apparatus, may be entirely disconnected from the mains which it supplies. (Id) Direct-, and alternating-current constant-potential generators, other than exciters for alternating-current machines, shall be protected from excessive current by cut-outs; provided, however, that where the type of apparatus used and the nature of the system operated make protective devices inadvisable or unnecessary their omission may be permitted by the Inspection Department. (c) If a generator, not electrically driven, supply a 2-wire grounded system, the protective device shall simultaneously disconnect the generator from both conductors of the circuit. (d) 3-wire direct-current systems supplied by 2-wire generators operated in conjunction with balancer setstoobtain neutrals, shall be equipped with protective devices which will disconnect the 3-wire systems in the case of excessive un- balancing of voltages. (e) 3-wire direct-current generators, whether compound or shunt wound, shall be equipped with protective devices, one in each armature lead and so connected as to be actu- ated by the entire current from the armature. Such protective device shall consist either of a double-pole, double-coil overload circuit-breaker, or of a 4-pole circuit-breaker connected in the main and equalizer leads and tripped by two overload devices, one in each armature lead. Such protective devices shall be so inter- locked that no one pole can be opened without simultaneously disconnecting both leads of the armature from the system. (1) Where an alternating-current generator and a transformer are intended to operate as a unit for stepping up or stepping down the voltage, and both are located in the same building, the protective device may be connected to either the primary or the secondary of the transformer. 60 SECTION 9.—RCLES 901-902

SECTION 9—GROUNDING Rule 901 What to Ground (a) All electrical equipment specified below under "Con- ductors;" "Equipment" and "Exposed Non-current- carrying Metal Parts" shall he permanently and effectually grounded. Note: For radio work see "Radio installations." Rule 902 Conductors (a) One conductor of all alternating-current systems, and of services taken therefrom, where the maximumdifference of potential between the conductors to be grounded and any other point on the circuit does not exceed 150 volts, as followS:-- Conductor to be System Grounded Single-phase 2-Wire The identified conductor, if there be one, otherwise either conductor. Single-phase 3-Wire The neutral conduct- or. If neutral is used in the The neutral conduct- lighting or. If only phase one phase That conductor of is used for If no neutral the lighting phase 2- and 3- lighting. is used in the which will establish on phase lighting the system the lowest phase maximum voltage to ground. That conductor of the system which will Otherwise establish on the system the lowest maximum voltage to ground Note:—Grounding is recommended where the difference of potentia is between 150 and 300 volts; if grounding be carried out, the conductor to be grounded shall be chosen as required above for voltages below 150. (b) Neutrals of 3-wire direct-current systems. (c) Negatives of 2-wire direct-current systems at potentials not exceeding .300 volts, if exposed to leakage or induction from high potential conductors. SECTION 9.—RULES 902 ODI 61 t Note: In the case of 2-wins direct-current systems with potentials between wires exceeding 300 volts, grounding is not permitted unless a neutral point can be established slots that the difference of potential between the neutral and any faker point on the system does not exceed 300 volts, in whuk sic such point may he grounded. (d) One (either) conductor of the secondary circuits of current and potential transformers of less than 750 volts unless isolated, run in grounded metal conduit or other suitable duct, or identified and guarded as required for conductor, of the highest voltage to which they are exposed through transformer windings or otherwise. Rule 903 Equipment (a) The screw shells of sockets if one conductor of the circuit be grounded. (b) The "ground" terminal of the following equipment: I. Lightning arresters. 2. Protectors for Communication Systems. Rule 904 Exposed Non-Current-Carrying Metal Parts (a) Exposed non-current-carrying metal parts of t h e following:— 1. Electrical equipment operating at potentials exceeding 150 volts. 2. Electrical equipment operating at any potential, where hazardous conditions exist. Note: Hazardous conditions exist in basements, etc., where moisture may be resent; in bathrooms and other places where grounded objects such as water or gas pipes are nearby. Special attention is drawn to the fact that this requirement includes the grounding of non-current-carrying metal parts (if any) of socket s 9, switches, plugs and receP- tacks, installed in basements, bathrooms, lavatories, etc., or in damp locations where danger from shock would likely be incurred from handling such fittings should they become defective. 3. Outlet-, switch-, and receptacle-boxes on walls or ceilings covered with metal sheeting or with plaster or finish on metal lathing. 4. Permanently located electric ranges and other cooking or heating appliances—for all voltages. 5. Instruments, meters and relays operated from current or potential transformers; other instruments, meters 62 SECTION v.—RULES 904-v06

and relays operated at a potential of 750 volts or more, also instruments, meters and relays operated at potentials between 150 and 750 volts, unless isolated by elevation or protected by suitable Insulating barriers or guards, or so located as to be inaccessible to other than authorized persons. (b) Metal conduit, metal raceways, metal sheathing and metal armouring of cable and also outlet and junction boxes on non-metallic underfloor raceway systems. Note: This requirement nerd not be observed in the rase of isolated sections of metal conduit, metal raceways, metal- sheathed or metal armoured cable of less than 15 feet in length if the voltage between any tw•o wires does not exceed 300 Nits, if they are either not within reach from, or are guarded from, other grounded objects, including the ground, and if they are insulated from ground. (c) Gas-piping If used as a means of grounding fixtures or if within 2 inches of grounded exposed noncurrent-carrying metal parts of electrical equipment. (d) Frames of motors and generators used to control sounding apparatus and keyboards of electrically operated organs, if such frames are not effectually Insulated both from ground and from each other.

Rule 905 ilow to Ground (a) Grounding of the circuit conductors and other electrical equipment listed under the heading "What to Ground," shall be carried out as specified below.

Rule 906 General (a) Grounding shall be so arranged that under normal operating conditions no injurious amount of current will flow in any grounding-conductor. (b) The path to round provided for a circuit shall, in general. have ampere capacity sufficient to insure the continuity and continued effectiveness of the path under conditions of excess current caused by accidental grounding of any normally ungrounded conductor of the circuit. (c) Grounding on 2-wire and 3-wire direct.current systems shall be made at supply stations only. (d) No grounding-conductor and no artificial ground used for grounding a power and lighting system shall be made use of for the grounding of a communication system. SECTION 9.—RULES 907-900 6.1

Rule 907 Connections to Grounding Conductor fa) The grounded conductor of an interior wiring installation connected to an alternating-current system shall have but one grounding connection within a building. (b) The conductor, or conductors, used for grounding the exposed non-current-carrying metal parts of electrical equipment may he connected to the circuit grounding- conductor, if there be one. This permission shall not apply under the following conditions:— (1) Where a service is supplied from a transformer or bank of transformers that is intended to serve less than four installations. (2) Where the voltage between any two conductors of the service exceeds 600 volts. (c) Where transformers supply a common set of mains the grounded points shall be so interconnected that no portion of the secondary will be left without ground protection when any cut-out has opened the secondary circuit. (di The point of attachment of the grounding-conductor to electrical equipment shall be readily accessible, if practicable, and shall be as near as practicable to the point where the conductors in the equipment receive their supply. Rule 908 Grounding-Conductors (a) Except as provided below, or unless local conditions neces- sitate the use of other metal, the pounding-conductor shall be of copper and shall be continuous, without joints or splices other than thejoints as permitted under "Con- nections to Grounding Conductor,' clause (b)• (b) Interior water-piping systems or parts thereof, except sprinkler systems, heating systems and the like, may be used as part of the grounding-conductor provided that the connection with the metallic water piping system is kept continuous and permanent by bonding all parts which are liable to become physically disoonnected—e.g., at meters and service unions—by means of a shunt consisting of two clamps and a conductor of the size herein specified for copper grounding-conductors. (c) That portion of an interior water-piping system used as part of the grounding-conductor shall, in all cases, be as short as practicable, and wherever possible the copper grounding-conductor shall be connected to the metallic water-piping system on the street side of meters, cocks and unions. 64 SECTION 9.—RULE 909 ~ . (dl Gas-piping may serve as a grounding conductor for fixtures attached thereto provided that the gas and water piping are bonded together by a conductor connected to the water-piping at its point of entrance to the building and to the gas-piping at points on both aides of the gas meter. (e) Exposed non-current-carrying metal parts of electrical equipment shall be bonded together if they are not already in good electrical connection. Gas-pipes within 2 inches of such parts shall be bonded thereto. Where the electrical path between the ground electrode and electrical equipment required to be grounded, involves electrical contact between adjacent pieces of metal, all non-conductive substances such as protective enamel coating, rust, scale, paint, grease, etc., shall be completely removed from threads and other contact surfaces. (g) The size of copper conductor used for grounding the exposed non-current-carrying metal parts of electrical equipment shall be not less than that given in the following table:— capacity of nearest cutout protecting conductor. In Sim of Grounding equipment Conductor 0 to 100 amperes No. 10 B. & S. Gauge 101 to 200 amperes No. 6 B. & S. Gauge 201 to 500 amperes No. 4 11. & S. Gauge Over 500 amperes No. 2 11. & S. Gauge Except that:— 1. The grounding-conductor for the exposed non-current- carrying metal parts of portable equipment protected by fuses rated at not more than 15 amperes may be No. 18 B. & S. Gauge or larger. 1. The grounding-conductor, if any, for exposed non- current-carrying metal parts of instruments, meters and relays, and of current and potential transformers, may be No. 12 B. & S. Gauge or larger. 3. The grounding-conductor for metal conduit (other than service conduit) metal raceways, metal sheathing and metal armour of cables carrying conductors protected by cut-outs of over 500 amperes capacity may be No. 4 B. & S. Gauge or larger. 4. The grounding-conductor for service conduit shall be not less than No. 8 B. & S. Gauge. (h) The grounding-conductor for either a direct or an alternating-current system, or for a service conductor, shall have an ampere capacity not less than 34 that of the conductor to which it is connected, except that in no case SECTION 9.—RULE 908 6S

shall the grounding-conductor be smaller than No. 8 II. & S. Gauge, and in the case of alternating-current systems need not be larger than No. 0 B. & S. Gauge. The sizes of grounding-conductors required under this rub• for various sues of service conductors are given below: Minimum She Minimum Sire of Sit* of Grounded of Service W•ter Pipe to .8101 Service-conductor Grounding. Grounding-condo:- conductor toe me). beconnected No. 000 or smaller No. 8 if in. internal thant. 200,000 to 250,000 C.M. No. 6 il in. internal diant. 300,000 to 400,000 C.M. No. 4 in. internal (limn. 450,000 to 500,000 C.M. No. 3 in. internal diam. 550,000 to 600,000 C.M. No. 2 1 in. internal diam. 650,000 to 700,000 C.M. No. 1 1 in. internal diam. larger than 700,000 C.M. No. 1 1 in. internal diam. A grounding-conductor of No. 10 B. & S. Gauge may be used for grounding a service conductor supplying an installation in which concealed knob-and-tube wiring is employed it the service conductor is not larger than No.10. If the service circuit grounding-conductor be used also as the grounding-conductor for exposed non-current-carrying metal parts, Its size shall be increased to that required for the grounding-conductor for such parts if this be the larger. (i) The grounding-conductor for secondary circuits of current and potential transformers shall be not smaller than the conductor of the secondary circuit. (j) The grounding-conductor for lightning arresters shall have a current-carrying capacity not less than that of No. 6 B. & S. Gauge copper wire, and shall be run as nearly as possible in a straight line from the arrester to the ground electrode. (k) Grounding conductors for the protection of communication systems shall be of copper of not less than No. 18 B. & S. Gauge and shall be Insulated with rubber not less than 1/32 inch thick. Such grounding conductors shall be run in as straight a line as possible and shall, if connected to a gas-pipe, be connected on the street side of the meter. In every case the ground connection shall be made at a point as close to the ground electrode as possible. (I) The Insulation and installation of the grounding-conductor shall conform to all requirements of these rules applying to conductors operating at the voltage of the circuit with which it is used. (m) All grounding-conductors shall be protected from mechan- 4.7 ical Injury. .1 66 SECTION O.—RULES 906-910

The protection for a lightning arrester grounding-conductor shall be composed of non-magnetic material unless the grounding-conductor is electrically connected to both ends of the protective covering. (n) Terminal and intermediate points of the grounding- conductor where electrical connection is made shall, where- ever practicable, he in plain sight and readily accessible. (o) No manually or automat ica,ly operated disconnecting device shall be placed in a grounding-conductor or its connections. Rule 909 Connection to Ground Electrode (a) The grounding-conductor shall be attached to the ground electrode in one or other of the following ways: — I. By means of approved clamps firmly bolted to the ground electrode. 2. fly means I a brass plug tightly screwed into a pipe fitting. 3. By means of a brass plug tightly screwed into the wall of a pipe if the wall is of sufficient thickness. 4. By other approved means. Rule 910 Ground Electrodes (a) Grounding, except as provided in clause (m) below for elevator machinery, shall wherever possible be effected by direct connection to a metallic water-piping system used for public supply. At supply stations, if two or more metallic water piping systems are available between which no appreciable difference of potential normally exists, all such systems shall be bonded together and used as a common ground electrode for all purposes. (b) If grounding to a metallic water-piping system, used for public supply, be not possible, connection shall be made either to a metallic water piping system used for private supply, or to metallic well-casings, or piping connected thereto, if available. (c) If neither of the above methods is practicable connection shall be made to artificial grounds. fd) If none of the preceding methods is practicable, connection shall be made to grounded rails or grounded conductors of electric railway circuits, if available. (e) Gas-pipes and gas mains shall not be used as ground electrodes except at supply stations. (See clause (a) above). (f) The ground resistance shall not exceed 3 ohms for a metallic water-piping system used for public supply, nor 25 ohms for other means of grounding. SECTION 9.—RULE 010 67

(g) Artificial grounds shall be embedded, or shall extend, below permanent moisture level, and shall be placed, or driven, below basement floors wherever practicable. If no basement exists care shall be taken that the artificial ground is installed or rod is driven outside the area of re- cently disturbed soil. (h) Pipes and rods shall extend vertically into the ground 4 feet below permanent moisture level or maximum frost penetration, except that in basements a minimum length of 4 feet in the ground shall be permissible. (i) Each ground electrode shall have not less than 2 square feet of exterior surface below the frost line in contact with the soil or other material. (j) Ground pipes of iron or steel shall be not less than !„i inch internal diameter, shall be galvanized inside and outside and shall be of only one piece when of less than standard commercial length. Ground rods shall be not less than h inch in diameter, and shall be galvanized if of iron or steel. (k) Where an artificial ground is used for circuits or for exposed non-current•carrying metal parts of electrical equipment, it shall not be used for the grounding of a lightning arrester but a separate artificial ground located at least 20 feet from such ground shall be provided for the arrester. (I) Ground electrodes—with the exception of metallic water-piping systems—ground connections and grounding-conductors, used by one electric utility (including utilities supplying communication service) shall not be used by any other electric utility. (m) Rotating electrical machinery for passenger and freight elevators shall be deemed to be grounded if mounted on metal beams which form part of the structural metal frame of a building. RECOMMENDATIONS (a) Municipal and other authorities operating and controlling underground metallic seater-piping systems are urged to permit the grounding of electric circuits and electrical equipment by means of their systems where grounding is performed in accordance with these Rules, since such grounding offers the most efficient protection to life and properly and ts not injurious to the piping systems. (b) It is strongly recommended that all artificial grounds be tested at the time of installation and periodically (say every 5 years) thereafter. Also that all ground connections be inspected at the time of installation and periodically thereafter. Proper record+ of these tests and inspections should be kept. 68 SECTION 20.—RULES 1001-2002

SECTION 20 — INSTALLATION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Rule 2001 General (a) Adequate clear working space with secure footing shall be provided about all electrical equipment which requires adjustment or examination during operation or while danger of shock is present. (b) When any electrical equipment is rebuilt or rewound, with any change in its rating or characteristics, it shall be provided with a name-plate giving the name of the person or firm by whom such change was made, together with the new rating and characteristics. Rule 2002 Rotating Electrical Machinery (a) Rotating electrical machinery shall, in general, be located in dry places. Note: Exception to this rule may be made in the case of electrical machines especially designed or suitably protected for operation in damp places. (b) Generators shall not be placed in any hazardous location. (c) If wood be depended upon to insulate frames of rotating electrical machinery from ground it shall be filled with moisture repellant. (d) A motor mounted on a floor or support of wood shall be provided with a suitable metal tray between the motor frame and such floor or support. The tray shall extend on all sides at least as far as the extreme projections of the motor. (e) In places where combustible dust is thrown into suspension in the air in sufficient quantity to produce explosive mixtures, such as in flour-mills, grain-elevators, etc., or where it is impracticable to prevent dust or flying material collecting in dangerous quantities on or in motors, such motors shall be either of the totally enclosed type, or pipe ventilated type, or shall be placed in separate dust-tight rooms or incombustible housings. Such rooms or housings shall be effectively ventilated from a source of clean air. (f) Motors operating at a potential exceeding 2,500 volts to ground shall be inaccessible to unauthorized persons. (g) Each generator shall be provided with a name-plate showing the maker's name; revolutions per minute; normal volts and amperes corresponding to the rating; rating in kilo- watts if direct-current; and, if alternating-current, rating in kilovolt amperes; frequency in cycles per second, and number of phases. SECTION 20.—RULES 2002-2004 69

(h) Each motor shall be provided with a name-plate showing the maker's name; normal full load speed in revolutions per minute, normal volts and amperes corresponding to the rating; rating in horsepower, and the period of time during which it ran operate at rated full load. The time period given shall be 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 or 120 minutes or continuous. Rule 2003 Transformers (a) Oil-filled transformers shall be located as near as practicable to the point at which the primary wires enter the building and shall be contained in a vault. (See "Transformer Vaults"). (b) Oil-filled transformers shall not be installed on any roof or over or near to any window, door or other opening into a building. If attached to a wall, both the wall and the means of support shall be of fireproof construction and the transformers shall be separated from the wall by at least 6 inches. (c) No dry-core type of transformer, excepting instrument transformers operating at a potential exceeding 600 volts, shall be placed within any building other than a central station or sub-station without special permission. (d) Transformers of the dry-core type shall he so mounted that there will be an air space of at least X inch between the transformer casing and adjacent surfaces. If any adjacent surface be composed of combustible material the air space shall be increased to at least one foot, unless such surface be adequately protected by the interposition of incombustible non-absorptive insulating material. Note: This rule shall not be construed to apply to bell- ringing and other signalling or instrument transformers which operate at a primary voltage not exceeding 250 rolls. Rule 2004 Transformer Vaults (a) Vaults shall be of waterproof construction and shall consist of concrete not less than 6 inches in thickness or of brick or stone not less than 8 inches in thickness. If the total transformer capacity so enclosed is not over 100 kilovolt amperes, the above thickness may be reduces! to 4 inches by special permission. Note: It ss recommended that outside walls of the building, if of fireproof construction, constitute one or more of the walls of the enclosure or vault. (b) Vaults shall be thoroughly ventilated by a chimney or flue, leading out of doors, which will prevent the development of room temperatures in excess of those at which the trans- 70 SECTION 10 RILES 1004 NM

formers installed therein may be safely operated. Limiting temperatures shall be determined in accordance with, and in the manner prescribed by, the Standards of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, and temperatures under full load shall not exceed the values given in these Standards. All ventilating openings not connected to chimneys or flues shall be provided with automatic or manually controlled dampers. Inlet for fresh air shall be provided by a flue or iron pipe leading from the outside air and entering the compartment at a point not less than 3 feet above the floor level. In no case shall this inlet be less in area than the equivalent of a 6 inch pipe. Note: It is recommended that damper controls be arranged to be operated from a point outside the vault. (c) Suitable means of draining the vault shall be provided in order that any accumulation of oil or water may be con- veniently carried off. Floor and drain shall have a slope of not less than 4 inch per foot. From vaults containing transformers having a total capacity of 100 kilovolt amperes or less, the drain may be omitted if the enclosure is so constructed as to retain all the oil, in the event of leakage from the transformer, within the vault. (d) Unless access is from outside the building only, the door- way to the vault shall be thoroughly closed by means of a tight-fitting approved fire door. A door sill not less than 4 inches in height shall be provided. In all cases the sill shall be of sufficient height to confine within the vault the oil from all the transformers installed therein. (e) The vault shall be provided with an adequate lighting system controlled by a switch suitably located outside of, and near to the entrance to the vault . (f) The door of the vault shall be provided with a substantial lock, so that only authorized persons will have access to the vault. (g) No material or equipment of any kind, electrical or otherwise, shall be installed or kept in transformer vaults other than that essential to the transformer installation or to its proper operation and safety. Rule 2005 Switchboards (a) Panels of switchboards shall be of incombustible Insulating material and shall be substantially supported on iron or steel frame-work. (b) Switchboards shall be installed only in dry,nonhazardoua locations. ..# SECTION 20.—RULES 2003-2006 TI

(c) Switchboards shall not be built up to the ceiling, a space of 3 feet being left, if possible, between the ceiling and the board. If this distance cannot be obtained, the ceiling shall be protected against fire from the switchboard. Behind switchboards there shall be at least 3 feet between equipment on the back of the switchboard and the wall. This space may be enclosed with a suitable netting or grating, but if so, provision shall be made for ready ingress and egress at each end. For potentials exceeding 600 volts this space shall be enclosed. (d) Bus-bars if rigidly mounted may be bare. (e) Conductors of not less than No. 14 B. & S. Gauge copper wire shall be used for wiring to ground detectors, volt- meters, pilot lights, and potential transformers. Such wiring shall be protected by fuses rated at not more than 15 amperes. (f) Switchboards shall be so located or guarded as to be inaccessible to unauthorized persons. (g) For potentials between 150 volts to ground and 600 volts between conductors, suitable insulating floors, mats, or platforms, providing good footing,shall be provided and shall be so placed that operators cannot readily touch current- carrying parts unless standing on such floors, mats or platforms. (h) For potentials above 600 volts, all live parts of switchboards shall be either remote from access, or protected by suitable covers even if insulating floors, mats, or platforms are provided. (i) Adequate illumination for reading instruments and for operation shall be provided both for the front and for the space, if any, behind switchboards. (j) Switches shall tie labelled to indicate the destination or purpose of each circuit controlled thereby. (k) Bus bars shall have an ampere rating of not more than 800 amperes per square inch of cross sectional area. Rule 2006 Storage-Batteries (a) Storage-batteries shall be placed in a separate room or enclosure inaccessible to other than authorized persons. (b) Storage-battery rooms or enclosures shall be thoroughly ventilated. (c) Each storage-battery cell—except small cells of insulating material set in sand-trays, on shelves, or otherwise separated from the floor—shall be mounted on incombustible, non-absorptive insulators of such material as glass or thoroughly vitrified and glazed porcelain. 72 SECTION 20.—RULES 2006-2ORS

(d) Conductors in battery rooms, if of such material, or so located, u to be liable to corrosion, shall be protected by suitable acid-proof coverings or coatings. Rule 2007 Lightning Arresters (a) A lightning-arrester shall be connected to each ungrounded conductor of every outside overhead line at every generat- ing or transforming station. (b) Lightning-arresters located in readily accessible places, shall be remote from combustible material and as near as practicable to the point where the conductors enter the station. (c) Lightning-arresters where installed inside a building shall be well isolated from other equipment and, if of the oil- filled type, shall be placed in a fireproof room or enclosure. (d) Choke-coils and other attachments inherent to lightning protection equipment shall have an insulation from the ground and from other conductors at least equal to the insulation required at other points of the installation protected. (e) Sharp bends, coils and kinks in the conductors between the arresters and the outdoor lines shall be avoided as far as possible. Rule 2008 Resistance Devices (a) Rheostats, resistance boxes and similar equipment, if installed in dusty or linty places, or where exposed to flyings of combustible material shall be so constructed as to confine and quickly extinguish any arc or flame caused by the burning out of the resistive conductor and shall he equipped with dustproof face plates. For locations other than those above specified, these devices may be of any approved type. (b) If conductors be grouped they shall not be supported by, or located in dangerous proximity to, combustible material. Conductors having slow-burning covering may be grouped, provided that the maximum difference of potential between any two conductors in a group cannot exceed 75 volts. (c) Resistance devices shall be so installed that danger of communicating fire to adjacent combustible material will be reduced to a minimum. (d) Where protective resistances are necessary in connection with automatic rheostats, incandescent lamps may be used, provided they do not carry or control the main current nor constitute the regulating resistance of the device. SECTION 20.—RULES 2006-2010 73

(e) Incandescent lamps may be used as resistances but shall be so arranged that they cannot have impressed upon them a voltage greater than that for which the device is intended. Such resistance devices shall be marked in a permanent manner to indicate the wattage and voltage of the lamps which are intended to be used therewith. (1) Incandescent lamps may be used for the purpose of resistances in series with other devices, by special permission, if mounted in porcelain receptacles upon incombustible supports and if so arranged that they cannot have impressed upon them a voltage greater than that for which they are rated. Rule 2009 Heating Appliances (a) Each portable heating appliance rated at 250 watts or over shall be equipped with heater cord, Type (II). (b) Heating appliances may be grouped on branch circuits used for no other purpose and protected by a fuse of not more than 15 amperes rating. (c) Each heating appliance, the maximum rating of which exceeds 15 amperes, shall be supplied from a branch circuit used solely for each such heater. The branch circuit shall be controlled by an Indicating switch which may be either on the circuit or on the heater itself. An attachment plug and receptacle may serve in lieu of a switch if the rating of the appliance does not exceed 30 amperes. (d) Where electric heating appliances such as smoothing irons, glue pots, soldering irons, etc., or groups of such appliances are used in manufacturing and industrial establishments, each device or group of devices shall be provided with an indicating switch and red pilot.light. (e) Stationary heating appliances shall be so installed that danger of communicating fire to adjacent combustible material will be reduced to a minimum. (f) If a consumer's service supply one electric range only, the conductors run from such service shall be not less in size than those specified under "Service Conductors a n d Conduit." Rule 2010 Fixtures (a) Conductors used for wiring fixtures shall be not less than No. 18 B. & S. Gauge, and rubber insulation shall be not less than 1/32 inch thick. If the conductors are liable to be subjected to temperatures exceeding 50 degrees C. (122 degrees F.) a slow-burning or 74 SECTION 20.—RULE 2010

they heat-resisting covering shall be used instead of rubber Insulation. (b) Conductors of •different systems shall not be contained in, or attached to, a fixture. (c) Non-rigid fixtures shall be wired with flexible conductors. (d) No joint or tap shall be located within an arm or stem of a fixture. (e) Fixtures attached to a conduit system or other grounded support shall be both mechanically and electrically connected thereto. (0 Canopies and outlet boxes or plates shall, taken together, provide ample space for the proper making and protection of joints, and canopies shall be readily removable for purpose of inspection. (g) Where outlet boxes are not used and electric fixtures are supported directly on walls or ceilings of metal or metal lath, such fixtures shall be effectually Insulated therefrom, (h) In the case of ungrounded metal supports (outlet boxes excepted) fixtures shall be effectively insulated therefrom. (i) If gas and electric outlets be combined at grounded outlet boxes, the gas-pipes and outlet boxes shall be bonded together by a gas nipple or by other approved means. (j) Fixtures shall be so wired that screw shells of sockets will be connected to the identified conductor of the circuit. Note: The following classes are primarily for field 111e. (k) Fixtures shall be composed of metal or wood, or such other material as may have been submitted for examination and approved. Materials other than metal shall be reinforced by metal or otherwise the fixtures shall be so constructed as to secure the requisite mechanical strength. (I) In all fixtures, not made entirely of metal, wireways shall be lined with metal unless approved armoured conductors, with suitable fittings, be used. This requirement shall not apply to wireways in glass, marble or similar incombustible, non-absorptive insulating materials. (m) All methods of fastening arms, sockets, bodies, supports, and receptacles by threading, soldering, brazing or otherwise, shall be such as to secure,in every case,ample strength and reliability, and to prevent turning. Screw joints shall have not less than S threads engaging. Tubing used in making threaded arms and stems shall be composed of metal having a thickness not less than .05 inch. It shall not be kinked, flattened or cracked. SECTION 20.—RULES 2010-1011 7%

(n) All burrs and fins in wireways shall be removed and all sharp edges rounded, where practicable, so that wires may be drawn in and withdrawn without injury. Fittings having smooth, rounded edges, shall be placed at entrances to casings of fixture stems. (o) Fixtures exposed to moisture, whether located indoors or outdoors, shall be so constructed that water cannot enter or accumulate in the wireways, lamp-holders or other electrical parts. Rule 2411 Receptacles, Rosettes and Sockets Note: It is strongly recommended that at least one omen. lone receptacle be Installed on each wall of each living room, dining room and parlour of a private dwelling house, or an apartment suite; also that in all other rooms of such occu- pancies al least one such receptacle be installed. (a) Receptacles (for so-called "convenience outlets" rated at not more than 10 amperes capacity) shall not be of the screw-base type, but shall be of the interchangeable type. (b) Receptacles and rosettes with exposed terminals shall not be used except where permitted in metal fittings, metal troughs and the like. (c) Receptacles intended for attachment plugs shall not be placed in ironing-board cabinets or other like enclosures. (d) Floor receptacles shall be of the waterproof floor type unless, as an many cases in residences, danger from mechanical injury and the presence of water is negligible. (e) Fuses shall not be used in rosettes. (f) No medium-base lamp socket rated at less than 660 watts, 250 volts, shall be used. (g) Key sockets shall not be installed over, or in dangerous proximity to, readily combustible material, nor where flyings of combustible material are present. Under the above conditions no socket shall be less than 73,i feet above the floor unless it is individually controlled by a switch, or is otherwise so located or guarded as to prevent the lamp from being "backed out" by hand.

Rule 2012 Gas-Filled Incandescent Lamps (a) Gas-filled incandescent lamps rated at more than 250 watts shall be used only in Mogul sockets. Those of more than 1,500 watts rating shall not be used in Mogul sockets. (b) Gas-filled incandescent lamps shall not be located in show windows nor where liable to contact with flammable 76 SECTION 20.—RULES 2012-1014

material unless installed in approved fixtures equipped with shades or guards or suitably designed to operate at a safe temperature. (c) Fixtures used •indoors shall be wired with conductors having approved heat-resisting insulation. Fixtures used out-of-doors or in damp places shall be wired with rubber- covered conductors. Rule 2013 Arc Lamps (a) Arc lamps shall be equipped only with such resistances or regulators as are enclosed in incombustible cases, such resistances or regulators being treated as sources of heat. An incandescent lamp shall not be used as a resistance or regulator. (b) Arc lamps shall be equipped with globes and spark arresters. The globe shall be guarded by a wire netting having a mesh not exceeding 1% inches. The globe, netting and spark arrester need not be used if the lamp is of the enclosed-arc type. (c) Outdoor arc lamps attached to a building and supplied from the interior installation shall be suspended at least 8 feet above the ground level. Indoor arc lamps shall be hung out of reach or shall be suitably protected. (d) Leads to arc lamps shall have a current-carrying capacity approximately 50 per cent. in excess of the normal current of the lamp. If the leads are larger than No. 14 13. & S. Gauge and the lamp suspension provides for raising and lowering, the leads shall be composed of stranded conductors. (e) A cut-out shall be provided for each lamp or series of lamps. Rule 2014 Mercury-Vapour Lamm (a) Mercury-vapour lamps shall be equipped only with such resistances or regulators as are enclosed in incombustible cases, such resistances or regulators being treated as sources of heat. Where these resistances or regulators are subject to flying' of lint or combustible material, all openings in their casings shall be covered by fine wire gauze. (b) A cut-out shall be provided for each mercury-vapour lamp or series of lamps except where not more than five lamps are contained in a single frame and lighted by a single operation. If lamps be grouped not more than 4,000 watts shall be dependent upon one cut-out. (c) Fixtures carrying mercury-vapour lamps shall be wired with conductors not smaller than No. 12 El. & S. Gauge. SEC ION 3a—RULES 3001-3003 77

SECTION 30--ELECTRIC CRANES AND HOISTS Rule 3111 Conductors la) Conductors, other than bare collector wires, shall be either of the rubber-covered (R) or of the slow-burning (till) type. Rubber-covered conductors shall not be smaller than No. 12 B. & S. Gauge. Rule 3002 Collector Wires (a) Collector wires shall be secured at the ends by means of strain insulators, and shall be so mounted on insulators that the extreme limit of displacement of the wire will not bring the latter less than inches from any adjacent surface. (b) Main collector wires carried along runways shall be rigidly and securely attached to insulating supports, placed, if practicable, at intervals not exceeding 20 feet. When run horizontally, such wires shall be separated not less than 6 inches; when run otherwise, not less than 8 inches. Where necessary, intervals between insulating supports may be increased up to 40 feet, in which case the separation between wires shall be increased proportionately. (c) Bridge collector wires shall be kept at least 23. inches apart and, where the span exceeds 80 feet, insulating saddles shall be placed at intervals not exceeding SO feet. (d) Collector wires shall be not smaller in size than specified in the following table for various spans. Distance In foot between also of was rogulsod rigid support. B. a S. Gouao 0 to 30 6 3I to 60 4 over 60 Rule 3003 2 Control and Protection of Circuits (a) The main collector wires shall be protected by an auto• matic overload protective device and controlled by a switch, both these devices being located so as to be readily accessible from the floor. If cranes be operated from cabs, these devices shall be located in the cab so as to be readily accessible to the crane operator. (b) Where there is more than one motor on a single crane, each motor with its leads shall be separately protected by an automatic overload protective device; provided, however, that where two motors operate a single hoist, carriage, truck or bridge, and are controlled as a unit by one con- troller, the pair of motors with their leads may be protected by a single automatic overload protective device, which shall be located in the cab, if there be one. 71 SECTION 31.—RILE 3101

SECTION 31—PASSENGER AND FREIGHT ELEVATORS Rule 3101 General (a) The conductors between motors and control panel may be carried in conduit or separately supported on Insulators or may be cabled together and taped or corded overall and finished with approved compound so as to form a rigid self-supporting cable. This cable shall not be more than (approximately) 3 feet long and shall not be subjected to a temperature in excess of SO degrees C, (122 degrees F.). (b) lighting and control cables on the car shall be in conduit. The conduit need not be permanently and effectually grounded. (c) Conductors in elevator shafts, except the travelling portion of the lighting and control cables for the car, shall be run in metal conduit or armoured cable may be used. Split tees and elbows may be used on conduit work, unless the conduit contains feeders. (d) Conductors for elevator lighting cables shall not be smaller than No. 14 B. & S. Gauge and for control cables not smaller than No. 16 D. & S. Gauge. (e) Signal system wiring shall be run in conduit unless energy therefor is supplied by primary batteries or hell-ringing transformers. (1) Shifting-cable shall either be permanently and effectually pounded, or else two strain Insulators shall be inserted in it. (g) Rotating electrical machines mounted on metal beams which form part of the structural metal frame of a building shall be deemed to be permanently and effectually grounded. (h) In garages, hatch limit-switches and other spark-emitting devices shall be located at least 4 feet above the lowest floor level. SECTION !Z.—RULES 3201-3202 79

SECTION 32—HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS Rule 3211 Where Excessive Moisture or Water is Present (a) Open-wiring, rigi.I metal conduit or lead-sheathed armoured cable shall be employed. Drip-loops shall be provided on conductors wherever moisture could run along the conductor and enter any fittirg or bus'iing, unless such fitting or bushing is effectually sealed. (b) Electrical equipment shall be of waterproof design, or enclosed in suitable waterproof covers or cabinets, and all joints in conduit shall be made water-tight. (c) Only sockets of the weatherproof keyless type shall be used. N%bere not attached to fixtures, they shall be hung by separate stranded, rubber-covered conductors, not smaller , than No. 14 13. & S. Gauge. The pendant conductors 1 shall be soldered directly to the branch circuit conductors and supported independently of them. Pendant conductors over 3 feet long, shall be twisted 4. together. (d) Circuits shall, where practicable, be no arranged that current may be entirely cut off from a point outside the 1' wet area. (e) Split knobs (so-called) shall not be used. (f) Screws of non-corrosive metal shall be used for securing electrical equipment in place. (g) Woodwork used in the construction of guard-strips, cabinets, boxirg for conductors, etc., shall be well coated with moisture-proof paint.

Rule 3202 Where Corrosive Liquids or Vapours are Present (a) Electrical equipment shall either be made of materials capable of resisting corrosive action or shall be effectively protectes1 optima such action by suitable inpregnation or r coating, or at shall be installed in vapour-tight enclosures of non-corrosive material. (b) Where open-wiring is used, conductors shall be separated at least 1 inches from adjacent surfaces. Note: Petticoat insulators are recommended is treference to those of any other form. SO SECTION 32.-RULE 3/03

Rule 3203 Where Highly Flammable or Exploolve Materials are Present

(a) Rigid metal conduit only shall be used.

(b) Electrical equipment shall either be so constructed as to be gas-tight in itself or it shall be placed in gas-tight compartments. If ventilation be required it shall be obtained from a source of fresh air by means of suitable inlet and outlet

(d) Sockets shall be the keyless type and shall not be of either porcelain or metal.

(e) Portable equipment shall not be used unless the points at which electrical contacts are made and broken are outside the danger zone or are enclosed in gas-tight compartments. SECTION 33.—RULES 3301-3302 at

SECTION 33—GARAGES Note: A garage shall be deemed to be a building or portion of a building in which one or more self-propelled vehicles carrying volatile, flammable liquid for feel or power are kept for use, sale, storage, rental, repair, exhibition or demon- stration purpose; and all that portion of o building which is on or below the floor or floors on which such vehnks are kept and which is not separated therefrom by tight, an pierced fire- mills or fire-resisting floors. Rule 3301 Wiring—General (at If the floor area be sufficient to permit the storage of more than two vehicles, wiring shall be in metal conduit, or surface raceway or armoured cable shall be used. (b) Cut-outs, switches, attachment plug receptacles, outlet and junction boxes, and fixed lamp-holding devices shall be located at least 4 feet above the floor, except in a showroom separated by a partition from the garage proper. (c) Type S cord shall be used for pendant lamps. (d) Flexible cords shall have one conductor identified and receptacles and other devices used with such cord shall he of the polarized type and properly connected. Lamp sockets shall be connected as required under "Fist urea." Rule 3302 Portables (a) Portable cords and cables shall be Type S. (b) In all portable cords and cables there shall be inserted • connector of the pin type, of such design that the two portions will readily separate, if the cord be pulled, without imposing undue strain on the cord. The connector shall be located not more than one foot from the supply end of the cord or cable. Such detachable connector shall be so inserted in the cord and the height of the receptacle shall be such, that the female end of the connector, when disconnected, will be clear of the floor by at least 4 feet. (c) Receptacles, connectors and cables for battery-charging shall be of at least SO amperes capacity. If plugs be suspended from overhead wiring they shall hang at least 6 inches above the floor. 112 SECTION 33.—RULE 3303

Rule 3303 Generators and Motors

(a) Generators and motors which do not actually form part of the vehicle equipment shall be of the totally-enclosed type or shall be so located that unenclosed sparking or arcing parts are at least 2 feet above the floor. Generators and motors, unless of the totally-enclosed type, which are located more than 2 feet but not more than 4 feet above the floor, shall be equipped with wire screens of not leas than No. 14 mesh, placed over openings at the commutator end. SECTION 34.—RULE .1401 al

SECTION 34—MOTION-PICTURE STUDIOS Note: A motion-picture studio, exchange, factory or laboratory shall be deemed to be that building or portion of a building in which motion picture films are manufactured, exposed, developed, printed, re-wound, repaired, stored, etc.

Rule 3401 General (a) Wiring shall be in metal conduit, or surface raceway, or armoured cable shall be used (b) Lights on walls shall be installed in receptacles enclosed in outlet boxes provided with covers to which open-end guards are rivetted. (c) Pendant lamps shall be suspended by means of reinforced cords, armoured cord, or armoured cable, and shall be protected by lamp guards. (d) In all portable cords or cables there shall be inserted a connector of the pin type of such design that the two portions will readily separate, if the cord be pulled, without imposing undue strain on the cord. The connector shall be located not more than one foot from the supply end of the cord or cable. Such detachable connector shall be so inserted in the cord, and the height of the receptacles shall be such, that the female end of the connector, when disconnected, will be clear of the floor by at least one foot. (e) At patching tables only composition or metal-sheathed porcelain keyless sockets equipped with suitable lamp guards shall be employed. (f) Only rigid lighting fixtures provided with vapour-proof globes shall be installed or used in a film storage vault. I.amps in such fixtures shall be controlled by a double- pole switch located outside the vault. (g) Rotating electrical machinery shall either be of the enclosed type or shall be equipped with wire screens of not less than No. 14 mesh. (h) Rheostats shall be of the totally enclosed type, externally operable. $4 SECTION 35.—RULES 3501-3502

SECTION 35—MOTION-PICTURE PROJECTORS AND EQUIPMENT

Rule 3501 General (a) Projectors of the so-called professional type such as are commonly used in theatres and motion-picture houses, and projectors of the non-professional or miniature type if adapted for nitro-cellulose or other flammable films, shall be located in fireproof booths or enclosures and shall be used only when in charge of a qualified operator. Note: The film used in professional projectors is IN inches wide and has on each edge 5.4 perforations per inch. (b) Projectors of the non-professional or miniature type, if adapted only for approved slow-burning (cellulose acetate or equivalent) film, may be operated without a booth.

Rule 3502 Installations of the Professional Type (a) Conductors not smaller than No. 10 11. & S. Gauge shall be employed to supply the projector outlet. (b) Motor-driven projectors shall only be used when in charge of a qualified operator. (c) The projector booth shall be constructed of fireproof material; it shall be large enough to permit the operator to walk freely on either side, or at the back, of the projector, and shall be properly lighted. (d) Openings in the booth shall be equipped with doors or shutters of fire-resisting material consistent with that of the booth. Such door or shutter must entirely close its opening and must be held in the closed position by spring hinges or equivalent devices. (e) Ventilation shall be provided by means of a fresh-air inlet pipe with an adjustable automatic control damper. Such pipe shall have a cross-sectional area of not less than 78 square inches. A vent-pipe, of approximately the same cross-sectional area, leading to the outside of the building or to a separate incombustible flue, shall also be provided. The vent-pipe shall be kept at least one inch from combustible material or separated therefrom by approved incombustible, heat-insulating material not less than inch in thickness. • SECTION 3S.—RULE 3502 R5

(f) Draft in the vent-pipe shall be maintained by an exhaust fan having a capacity of at least SO cubic feet per minute for each 250 cubic feet, or fraction thereof, of space in the booth. (g) The fan motor shall be so installed that fumes passing through the flue cannot come in contact with it. (h) The supply for the fan motor shall be taken either from a source separate from that furnishing other electric service within the building or from a point on the supply side of the service switch used for other purposes of supply from the same source, and shall be provided with its own service box, and shall not be controlled from within the booth,. (i) Re-winding of films shall be performed in the booth if practicable; otherwise, in a separate fireproof room adjacent to the booth and directly connected therewith. Reels on which are films under examination or in process of re-winding shall be enclosed in magazines or approved metal boxes similar to those of the projector and not more than 2 feet of film shall be exposed at any time. Extra films shall be kept in individual metal boxes having tight-fitting covers. (j) Rotating electrical machinery, commutators or other spark emitting devices, installed in the projection booth, shall be of the totally enclosed type. 86 SECTION 36.—RULE 1601

SECTION 36—ELECTRICALLY OPERATED ORGANS Note: The following rules apply only to those electrical circuits and parts of electrically operated organs which are employed for the control of the sounding apparatus and keyboards. Rule 3601 General (a) The source of energy shall be either a self-excited generator or a primary battery and the operating potential shall not exceed IS volts. (b) Unless the generator and motor frames can be permanently and effectually grounded to a metallic water- piping system they shall be insulated both from each other and from ground. • (c) All conductors except common-return conductors and those inside the organ proper, the organ sections, and the organ console, shall be cabled. (d) The separate conductors of the cable shall be not smaller than No. 26 B. & S. Gauge and shall have either rubber, cotton or silk insulation. The cotton or silk may be saturated with paraffin if desired. (e) The separate conductors shall be covered with one or more braided outer coverings. A tape may be substituted for an inner braid. (1) The separate conductors, if not required by clause (c) to be cabled, shall be bunched. The outside covering of a cable not run in conduit shall either be flameproof or the cable shall be covered with a closely wound fireproof tape. (g) The common-return conductor shall be not smaller than No. 14 B. & S. Gauge. It shall be of either the rubber- covered (R) or slow-burning (SB) type and shall be not contained in the cable. It may be taped to the cable or placed under an additional covering enclosing both cable and return conductor. (h) All wiring and devices within the organ or any of its parts shall be neatly disposed and securely fastened. Note: It is not found to be either necessary or feasible in organ structures to require the use of incombustible, isms-absorptive insulating material for the support or enclosure of current- carrying parts, but metal conduit may be used if desired. Circuits shall be so subdivided and protected, near to the source of current, by enclosed fuses of not over 30 amperes capacity, that every conductor will be protected by one or other of such fuses. SECTION 37.—RULE 3701

SECTION 37—RADIO INSTALLATIONS Classification of Radio Stations For the purpose of these rules radio stations are da"stled follows: (a) Reienting Stations. (6) Thansmtiting Stations. 1. Low-Power. Transmitting stations to which the pmter supplied is less than 200 watts.

2. Medium-Power. Transmitting stations to whi,h the power supplied is between 2(M) and 5,000 watts.

3. High-Power. Transmitting stations to which the power supplied is greakr than 5,0(W) watts.

In this classification power supplied means the total power input to the transmitter when in operation, whatever the source and whether the power is obtained direct from the power mains, or through a motor-generator, or from batteries Of a combination of these sources. In the case of motor. generators or transformers the power is to be measured on the low-tension side.

Rule 3701 General (a) All electrical equipment pertaining to, or used in con- unction with, radio installations, shall conform to the ules and Regulations contained elsewhere in this Code in so far as they apply and also to the following special Rules. (b) Nothing in these Rules shall be construed as relieving any person from the necessity of procuring a license from the Radio Branch of the Department of Marine and Fisheries, Ottawa, or from complying with any of its Rules and Regulations. (c) Antenna supports shall be of such size as to carry the vertical load and where necessary shall be guyed or braced so as to withstand the transverse and longitudinal loads to which they may be subjected. (d) Antenna supports erected on roofs shall be of rigid construction and where necessary shall be arranged to dis- tribute the load over the roof. Such supports shall be erected so that they are not dependent in any way on the antenna for stability. SECTION 37.—RULES 3701-3702

(e) Metal masts, towers, or other structures used as antenna supports on a building shall be grounded with approved copper lightning-rod conductor, unless the mast or tower be mounted on a steel-frame building and electrically connected to the steel framing. (f) Non-metallic antenna supports on a building, which ruoittng10, nplorcrete,a g .tlexyc.t1;,e copper lightning-rod conductor run along the entire length of the support and carried down the outer wall of the building and shall be permanently and effectually grounded. (g) Antenna, counterpoises and lead-in conductors outside of buildings shall not cross over any street or lane, nor be erected at any point where they would cross over or under electric light or power circuits of more than 600 volts. (h) Splices and joints in the antenna and counterpoise span shall be soldered unless made with splicing devices. (i) Antenna, counterpoise and lead-in conductors shall be of copper, cadmium-copper, bronze, copper-clad steel or other approved non-corroding metal.

Rule 3702 Receiving Stations (a) Where lighting and power circuits are used as receiving antenna, the device used to connect such circuits to radio receiving sets shall be approved for this purpose. (b) Antenna wires shall have a tensile strength at least equal to No. 14 B. & S. Gauge hard-drawn copper wire. If stranded conductor be used individual wires shall be not smaller than No. 22 B. & S. Gauge. (c) Lead-in conductors shall be not smaller than No. 14 B. & S. Gauge if of copper nor smaller than No. 17 B. & S. Gauge if of bronze or copper-clad steel. (d) Antenna, counterpoises and lead-in conductors where placed so as to cross over or under communication circuits, or power or lighting circuits of less than 600 volts, shall he so located as to prevent accidental contact with such circuits by sagging or swinging, and the minimum clearance shall be 4 feet. SECTION 37—RULE 3702 AV

(e) The section of lead-in conductor from the antenna to the first building attachment shall conform to the requirements for antenna similarly located.

(I) The lead-in conductors from the first building attachment to the building entrance shall he no supported that they cannot conic nearer than 2 feet to the electric lighting or power wires, nor nearer than 3 feet to any lightning-conduct- or or to the grounding-conductor of an outside antenna support.

(g) Lead-in conductors shall enter the building through rigid, incombustible, non-absorptive Insulating bushings which shall provide not less than 5 inches creepage and air-gap distance to any extraneous body.

(h) Each lead-in conductor shall be provided with a lightning. arrester which will operate at a potential of 500 volts or less, properly connected, and located as near as practicable to the point where the wire enters the building. The an-ester shall not be placed in the immediate vicinity of flammable materials or gases.

(i) If an antenna grounding switch is employed it shall, in its closed position, form a shunt around the lightning-arrester. Such a switch shall not be used as a substitute for the lightning-arrester.

(j) If fuses are used as an additional protection for receiving sets, they shall have a rating of not more than 3 amperes, and not less than 1,000-volt spacing between terminals, and they shall not be placed in the circuit from the antenna through the protective device to ground. lk) The grounding-conductor from the protective device may be uninsulated and shall be of copper not smaller than No. 14 II. & S. Gauge wire. It shall be run in as straight a line as possible from the protective device to a ground electrode. (See "Grounding"). The grounding-conductor may he carried inside or outside the building and may be used as the operating ground.

(I) Conductors inside buildings shall be securely fastened in a workmanlike manner and shall not come nearer than 6 inches to any electric lighting or power conductor not in conduit unless separated therefrom by some continuous and firmly fixed non-conductor, such as porcelain tubes or approved flexible tubing, making a permanent separation. 90 SECTION V.—RULES 1703-3703

This non-conductor shall be in addition to any regular Insulating covering on the conductor.

(m) Storage-battery leads shall have rubber Insulation and the circuit shall be protected by fuses of suitable rating located as near to the battery as possible.

(n) The battery-charger shall be installed at or near the storage battery and connected to the power supply by means of a cord and plug. The leads from the charger to the storage battery shall be No. 14 Li. & S. Gauge, or larger. Note: It is recommended, for convenience and for the protection of the receiver, that a double-pole, double-throw knife switch be used to connect the battery to the charger or to the receiver and that fuses of suitable rating be connected in the leads from the battery to this switch. (o) The "B"-Battery-eliminator shall be located as near as possible to the receiver and terminals and shall be Insulated. Leads shall be approved, rubber-covered fixture cord or its equivalent.

Rule 3703 Transmitting Stations (a) High-Power transmitting stations, unless located in a building specially set apart for the purpose, shall be subjected to a special ruling of the Inspection Depart- ment.

(b) Antenna, counterpoises and lead-in conductors, where placed so as to cross over or under communication circuits and power or lighting circuits of less than 600 volts, if run at an angle greater than 45 degrees to such circuits, shall be so located as to prevent accidental contact therewith by sagging or swinging, and the minimum clearances shall he as follows: Low-Power Antenna, etc 4 feet Medium-Power Antenna, etc 10 feet

(c) Antenna, counterpoises and lead-in conductors if run at an angle less than 45 degrees to communication circuits and power or lighting circuits shall not be placed nearer than 50 feet in the case of Medium-Power spark sets and 25 feet in the case of Medium-Power continuous-wave sets, to the said electric-lighting or other conductors. SECTION 37.—RULF. 3;03 9

(d) All ungrounded metal parts of buildings such as gutters. flashing, coping, or metal roofs, which are located less than 50 feet from the antenna of a Medium- or High-Power station, shall, when in contact with combustible material, be permanently and effectually grounded. (e) Antenna, counterpoises and lead-in conductors shall be strongly and durably constructed and installed. The tensile strength of the antenna wires shall be at least equal to that of hard-drawn copper wire of size No. 14 B. & S. Gauge for Low-Power stations, and of size No. 10 B. & S. Gauge for Medium-Power stations. If stranded conductor is used, individual wires shall be not smaller than No. 22 B. & S. Gauge and their aggregate tensile strength shall be at least equal to that of hard-drawn copper wire of size No. 14 B. & S. Gauge for Low-Power stations and of size No. 10 B. & S. Gauge for Medium-Power stations.

(f) Antenna and counterpMses shall be Insulated by means of insulators of incombustible, non-absorptive, material which in the case of Medium-Power stations shall l ro- vide not less than 10 inches creepage and air-gap distance. (g) The Insulators and means of attaching the antenna to the supports shall be of such strength as to withstand a greater load than that which will break the conductor itself. (h) Antenna, counterpoises and lead-in conductors shall be so located or guarded that they cannot be accidentally touched. (i) The lead-in conductor shall be of approved metal, preferably copper, and its current-carrying capacity shall be not less than the combined capacity of all the antenna wires.

(j) Lead-in conductors where attached to buildings shall be securely mounted on insulators of incombustible, non-absorptive material providing, in the case of Low- and Medium-Power stations, not less than 5 inches creepage and air-gap distance to any extraneous body. (k) Lead-in conductors shall enter the building through rigid, incombustible, non-absorptive insulating bushings which shall provide, in the case of Low-Power and Medium-Power stations, not less than S inches creepage and air-gap distance to any extraneous body. (I) Lead-in conductors inside a building shall not be run parallel for more than 2 feet (maximum total of all parallels) 91 SECTION 37.—RULE 3703

to electric-lighting, power or communication wires not in metal conduit, nor to any other ungrounded metal work if located at a distance less than 25 feet from such other wires or such ungrounded metal. This rule shall not apply if the lead-in conductor is shielded by means of a grounded cylindrical metal cage surrounding the lead-in conductor inside the building, but in no case shall the lead-in conductors come nearer than 12 inches to such other conductors or metal whether such conductors or metal be in the same building or not. Should the breaking-distance of the switch, referred to in clause (m) below, be greater than 6 inches, then the above minimum spacing shall be increased to not less than twice the breaking-distance.

(m) A double-throw knife-switch having, in the case of Low- Power and Medium-Power stations, a break distance of not less than 4 inches and a blade not less than 34 inch by ti inch in cross-section, shall be used to join the lead-in conductors from the antenna and counterpoise systems to the grounding-conductor. This switch shall be of the single-pole type in stations not using a counterpoise, and of the double-pole type where a counterpoise is used. The switch may be located inside or outside the building. The base of the switch shall be of incombustible, non-absorptive insulating material other than slate. (n) The antenna and counterpoise systems shall both be permanently and effectually grounded at all times when the station is not in actual operation. The grounding- conductor, which may be either bare or insulated, shall be of approved metal not subject to corrosion, preferably copper, and of current-carrying capacity at least equal to that of the lead-in conductor, but in no case less than that of No. 14 B. & S. Gauge copper wire; it shall be protected against mechanical injury and shall be run in as direct a line as possible to a ground electrode, preferably a water-pipe. If the grounding-conductor serve as a common ground connection for both the antenna and counterpoise, its current-carrying capacity shall be at least equal to that of the combined lead-in conductors from the antenna and counterpoise systems. A ground-clamp shall be used wherever the grounding- conductor is connected to a water-pipe. Permissible grounds other than water-pipes are specified under "Grounding." SECTION 37.—RULE 3703 93

If current be obtained from a power or lighting Installation, a separate branch circuit shall be installed and shall be run in metal conduit or metal raceway or else armoured cable shall be used.

In order to protect the supply system from surges or "kickbacks" there shall be installed in the supply line, as near as possible to each radio transformer, spark-gap, motor-generator set or other like apparatus, one of the following surge or "kickback" protective devices, which are arranged in order of preference.

I. Two condensers (each of not less than 34 micro- farad capacity, capable of withstanding a 600-volt test) in series across the line, the midpoint between condensers being grounded. Across each of these condensers shall be connected a shunting fixed spark- gap capable of no more than 1/32 inch separation.

2. A non-inductively-wound resistor connected across the line with midpoint grounded.

3. Two vacuum-tube-type protectors in series across the line with midpoint grounded.

4. An electrolytic lightning-arrester of the aluminum-cell or other similar type. Note: It is recommended that all power and lightingtircuits,not in conduit, inside the building be protected against induced high-frequency voltages by means of an arrangement of condensers as in clause (01 above.

(q) The various grounds referred to above may, if desired, be one and the same, except that grounds for surge or "kickback" protective devices shall be separate from all other grounds, shall be Insulated and otherwise in com- pliance with rules under "Grounding," and shall include a fuse of not more than 6 amperes capacity located as near as possible to the said protective device's. The grounding- conductor of surge and "kick-back" protective devices shall not be run parallel to the operating grounding-conductor if within 30 feet thereof.

(r) Ground connections shall not be made to gas-pipes. 94 SECTION 38.—RULE 3801

SECTION 38—SIGNS AND OUTLINE LIGHTING Rule 3801 General (a) The potential between any conductor and ground shall not exceed ISO volts. (b) Conductors of the rubber-covered (R) type shall be used. (c) Conductors shall be soldered to terminals of receptacles and exposed parts of conductors and terminals shall be treated to prevent corrosion. (d) Sign leads, if run as open-wiring, may Ire cabled, and where passing through walls and partitions of the sign structure, shall be protected by incombustible, non. absorptive bushings. (e) Cut-outs, flashers, non-weatherproof transformers and other similar devices placed on or within the body or structure of a sign, or on the exterior of a building, shall be installed in an enclosure which is practically weatherproof. Each compartntent of such enclosure shall have one or more holes each of not less than ji inch in diameter, as a means of drainage. (f) Wiring shall be subdivided into branch circuits which will be properly protected by fuses of not more than 15 amperes rating, and such fuses shall not protect any other circuit. (g) Signs and outline lighting shall be so located that any one working thereon will not be liable to come in contact with overhead conductors. Note: The following clauses are primarily for field use. (h) Metal used in the construction of sign boxes, cabinets or outline troughs shall be not less than No. 28 U. S. sheet metal gauge (.0156 inch). It shall be galvanised, treated with at least three coats of anti-corrosive paint, or otherwise suitably protected from corrosion. (i) With the exception of wood employed for the external decoration of signs and kept at least 2 inches distant from the nearest socket or receptacle, signs shall be constructed entirely of metal or other approved incombustible material. (j ) The design shall be such as to afford ample strength and rigidity to render the box or trough practically weather- roof, to enclose all terminals and wiring other than t he lads, and to provide drainage for each compartment by means of one or more holes, each not less than 3i inch in diameter. SECTION 31.—RULES .1801-3101 Va

(k) A separate, completely enclosed, accessible approved box or cabinet shall be provided to contain cutouts, flashers, non-weatherproof transformers or other similar devices placed on or within the body or structure of a sign, or on the exterior of a building. (I) Raceways shall not be employed for outline lighting. Rule 3802 Outline Lighting (a) Wiring shall be open, lead-sheathed armoured cable, rigid metal conduit, or be in metal troughs. (b) If wired in metal conduit or armoured cable, each lamp receptacle shall be installed in its own individual outlet box. If metal troughs are used, the lamp receptacles, together with the wiring, shall be installed therein. (c) Sheet iron or steel used for troughs shall be of not less than 28 U.S. Sheet Metal Gauge (.016 inch). Having regard to their general construction and the conditions to which they are liable to be subjected in use, troughs shall be of ample strength and rigidity and shall be treated to prevent oxidation. (d) If open-wiring be employed, a minimum distance of I inch shall be maintained between the conductors and adjacent surfaces. Where flexible tubing is required, it shall be kept at least „li inch from adjacent surfaces and the ends shall be sealed and painted with moisture repellant. (e) Receptacles shall be of such a type and so installed that they cannot turn and that their terminals will he at least 3j inch from adjacent conducting material and from the terminals of adjacent receptacles. Where open-wiring is employed this separation shall be at least I inch. (f) For open-wiring in those parts of circuits where conductors are connected to receptacles which hold the conductors at least 1 inch from adjacent surfaces and which are placed not over 1 foot apart, such receptacles shall be considered as affording the necessary support and spacing for the conductors. (g) Where receptacles are spaced more than I foot apart, the conductors shall be supported on incombustible, non- absorptive Insulators at intervals not exceeding 1 foot. (h) In open-wiring a separation of 2jj inches shall be main. tained between conductors except where separation is provided by receptacles. (i) Sockets and receptacles shall be keyless and shall be of porcelain or other approved Insulating material. (j) Miniature sockets and receptacles shall not be used unless special permission is obtained. 96 SECTION 39. -RULES 3901- 3902

SECTION 39--THEATRE INSTALLATIONS Rule 3901 General Note See Table 4—A ppendix "A" —"Appropriate Sizes of Conduits for Conductors. ' (a) Live parts of either permanent or temporary wiring and equipment shall not be exposed. (b) Electrical equipment situated in any pot of a theatre to which the public is admitted, shall be accessible only to authorized persons. (c) Wiring, except as otherwise pruvidedf or temporary work, or where the use of flexible cord is permitted, shall be in metal conduit, or raceways, or armoured cable shall be used. Raceways shall not be used on the stage side of t h e . proscenium wall. (d) Electrical equipment carried by travelling companies shall not be used, until a permit has been obtained from the Inspection Department, for the initial performance of any "Stand." A permit issued prior to inspection may be cancelled if inspection reveals unsatisfactory conditions. Note: This rule applies also to circuses and other travelling shows not necessarily held within a regular theatre. Rule 3902 Emergency lights (a) Circuits for emergency lights shall be used only for the supply of current to such lights. (b) The supply for emergency lights shall be taken either from a source separate from that furnishing other electric service in the building, or from a point on the supply side of the service switch used for other purposes of supply from the same source, and shall be provided with its own service box. (c) All emergency lighting circuits shall be controlled and protected by a single separate panel board located in the foyer or lobby or other approved location in the front of the theatre and protected by one set of main fuses only. (d) Where the main source of supply is an isolated plant located in the building, a standby or auxiliary service of capacity sufficient to supply all emergency lights shall be obtained either from some outside source, or from a storage battery of adequate capacity installed upon the premises. (e) In auditoriums, not less than 10 watts per 100 square feet of the seating accommodation shall be used for the emergency lights. SECTION 39.—RULES 3903-3904 97

Rule 3903 Switchboards (a) Switchboards shall be of the dead-front type and shall be protected above with a suitable metal guard or hood extending the full length of the board and completely covering the space between the wall and the board to protect the latter from falling objects. b) Two extra service boxes shalr be provided, suitably located, one at each end of the stage, in order to furnish proper and convenient means of supplying current to extra equipment. These boxes shall be connected to the main service, or to some entirely separate source of supply, in a permanent manner; they shall also, whether made for 2- or 3-wire circuits, have a capacity of not less than 200 amperes each and shall be equipped with fuses and quick-break switches or the equivalent. Note: This rule applies only to regular theatres where the stage is equipped for theatrical performances and not to mooing-picture theatres not regularly used by theatrical companies. - lc) Dimmers shall be no connected as to be dead when their respective circuit switches are open.

Rule 3904 Footlights, Borders, Proscenium Sidelights, Strips and Bunches (a) These lights, if wired in metal conduit or arrnoured cable, shall have each lamp receptacle installed in its own individual outlet box. If not so wired, all the lamp receptacles, together with the wiring, shall be installed in an iron or steel trough. Sheet iron or steel used in connection with these lights, having regard to the general construction, shall be of ample strength and rigidity and the metal shall be treated to prevent oxidation. Metal work for footlights, borders and proscenium sidelights shall be not less than No. 20 U.S. Sheet Metal Gauge (.0375 inch), and for bunches and portable strips, shall be not not less than No. 24 U.S. Sheet Metal Gauge (.025 inch). Where these devices are equipped with Mogul sockets they shall be constructed with double walls provided with adequate ventilation between the walls. (b) At jeast 3' inch separation shall he provided between receptacle terminals and the metal of the trough, and the conductors shall be soldered to the terminals of the receptacles. 98 SECTION 39.—RULES 3901-3906

(c) For pendant devices having any lamp or group of lamps of more than 100 watts capacity each, wire guards of not more than h inch mesh shall be provided to prevent danger from falling glass. (d) Conductors for wiring borders shall be of slow•burning (SB) type. (e) Borders shall be so suspended as to be electrically and mechanically safe. If wire rope is used, each length shall be insulated by at least one strain Insulator at the point of attachment to the border. (1) Borders and strips shall be so constructed that the flanges of the reflectors or other suitable guards will protect the lamps from mechanical injury and from accidental contact with scenery or other combustible material. (g) Cables (or borders shall not be fed from side walls, but either from points on the grid-iron or from other approved overhead points. Rule 3905 Stage and Gallery Pockets (a) Stage and gallery pockets shall be controlled from the switchboard. (b) Conductors supplying arc pockets shall be not smaller than No. 6 B. & S. (.,auge and for incandescent pockets not smaller than No. 12 B. & S. Gauge, and shall be of ample size to supply all receptacles therein at full rating. (c) Arc pockets shall have a rated capacity of not less than 35 amperes and incandescent pockets of not less than 15 amperes. (d) Plugs for arc and incandescent pockets shall not be interchangeable. (e) Where wiring to pockets is in rigid metal conduit the conduit shall end at a point approximately one foot away from the pocket, and the wiring shall be continued in flexible metal conduit in the form of a loop at least two feet long, thus leaving sufficient slack to permit raising or lowering of the box. Where the rigid metal conduit is embedded in concrete its end shall emerge at this point in order to leave the flexible metal conduit free for the purpose intended.

Rule 3906 Fixtures on Scenery (a) Fixtures shall be of the internally wired type, shall be firmly secured in place and their stems shall be carried SECTION 30.—RULES 3906-3911

through to the back of the scenery with a suitable bushing on the end of the stem. Nate: For further rules see "Fixtures." Rule 3907 String or Festooned Lights (a) Joints in wiring shall be staggered where practicable. (b) Lamps enclosed in devices of combustible material, such as paper lanterns or shades, shall be equipped with lamp guards. Rule 3908 Dressing Rooms (a) One or more convenience outlets, controlled from the switchboard, shall be installed in each dressing•room. (b) All lights shall be provided with locked wire guards. (c) For pendant lights reinforced cord, armoured cable or armoured flexible cord shall be used. Rule 3909 Portable Equipment (a) Portable equipment for stage effects shall be of a type specially approved for the purpose. (b) A qualified operator shall be employed for each arc lamp, or for each two lamps if so placed that one operator can properly watch and care for both. (c) Flexible conductors from receptacles to arc lampe,bunches, and other portable equipment, shall be stage cable or Type S cord, except for the purpose of feeding miscellaneous portable devices under conditions where conductors are not liable to severe mechanical injury, in which case reinforced cord may be used, provided that it is protected by a fuse rated at not more than 15 amperes. Rule 3910 Curtain Motors (a) Curtain motors shall be of the enclosed type. Rule 3911 Stage Flues (a) Where stage flue dampers are released by an electrical device, the circuit operating the latter shall normally be closed, and shall be controlled by at least two single-pole switches enclosed in iron boxes having self-closing doors without locks or latches, one switch being placed at the electrician's station and the other where designated by the Inspection Department. The device shall be designed for the full voltage of the circuit to which it is connected, no resistance being inserted; it shall be located in the loft above the scenery and shall be enclosed in a suitable iron box having a tight self-closing door. 100 SECTION 40 1411.6 4001

SECTION 40—SMALL ISOLATED PLANTS This section shall apply particularly to small isolated plants which generally empoy as their prime movers stationary internal combustion engines with necessary fillings, connected to an electric generator either with or without an auxiliary storage battery with its control devices, and operating at a potential of less than 50 volts.

Attention shall be given to the relatively low voltage at which these prl sots operate, thus requiring a greater current for equilukni power and making necessary a greater current. carrying rapacity for conductors, fittings, devices, and appliances, as compared with those of the standard 600- volt classification used on comni ,rcial circuits. These rules are additional to or amendatory of the rules governing ordinary tow -potential installations.

Rule 4001

General

(a) Lamp sockets shall be of the 660 watt, 250 volt, classification and, for the purposes of this Section, shall be rated at not more than Wi amperes.

(b) No conductor shall be of less current-carrying capacity than No. 12 B. & S. Gauge copper wire.

In determining the size of conductors required, lamp sockets shall be rated at not less than 40 watts each.

(d) Fuses protecting branch circuits supplying incandescent lamps shall be of not more than 10 amperes rating.

(e) No current-consuming device rated at over 100 watts shall be connected to a branch circuit supply ing incandescent lamps. Such devices shall be supplied from branch circuits used for no other purpose, equipped with receptacles rated at not less than 20 amperes and protected by fuses rated at not more than 20 amperes.

(f) Batteries shall be located in rooms or spaces having natural means of ventilat ion. SEC1'1(N SO. lit'LE 3001 tot

SECTION 50 -HIGH POTENTIAL INSTAI I %HON% Rule 5001 General (a) Wiring, except as permitted in clauses (h) and (e) below, shall be multiple-conductor lead-sheathed cable riling armoured or installed in metal conduit or duct. (b) Metal conduit work may be employed in permanently dry locations, without lead-sheathing on the conductors. by special permission only. (c) Open-wiring may be employed in central stations, sub- stations, generator and motor rooms and transformer vaults only.

Conductors shall be supported at intervals not ram-ding 4% feet and, except at apparatus and devices, shall be spaced according to the following table:

Minimum Meteors Mlntmum Misers Volts& between Centres of from Adjacent Conductors Surface. 601-2500 6 inches 2 inches 2501.5000 9 inches 3 inches

(d) Where a cable issues from its lead sheath, the Insulation of the several conductors shall be thoroughly protected from moisture and mechanical injury by a pothead or equivalent device.

(e) In dry locations, where splices or tape are required between lengths of lead-sheathed cable, the lead sheath need not be continuous over such splices cr tape. The ends of the sheaths shall be belled out and bonded together around the splice by No. 6 13. & S. Gauge copper wire and ground clamps. Splices shall be thoroughly insulated.

(f) Lead-sheathing, metal armour, metal conduit, and fit• tings shall be thoroughly bonded together for purposes of grounding.

(g) Electrical equipment shall not be accessible to unauthorized persons. 102 SECT I( IN — 111:1-ES 5002-5001

Rule 5002 Static Condensers (a) Static condensers of the type made up of small units, each of which contains less than 3 gallons of oil, may be installed in power houses or factory buildings, if combustibles are kept well away from them. In rooms containing combustible dust or flying material, condensers shall be enclosed.

(b) The installation of condensers which have all units in single tanks filled with oil shall be carried out in accordance with the Rules governing oil-filled transformers (see "Trans- formers"). (c) For transformers used with static condensers, the requirements under "Transformers" shall be followed; provided, however, that by special permission, oil-filled transformers, intended for and used only with static condenser installations and not subject to lightning dis- turbances, may be installed in rooms of incombustible construction which do not contain sufficient combustible material to create a fire hazard.

Such transformers shall be of sufficient capacity to allow for ordinary rises in voltage; they shall be surrounded by concrete curbs not less than 6 inches high forming a basin of sufficient capacity to retain all the oil contained in the transformers and shall be controlled and protected either by an automatic overload circuit-breaker or by a switch and fuse. The protective device shall be arranged to operate at a current corresponding to not more than 150 per cent. of the rated capacity of the condenser.

Rule 5003 Vacuum-tube Lighting Systems (a) The tube shall be so installed as to be free from mechanical injury and not in dangerous proximity to flammable material.

(b) Coils and regulating apparatus shall be mounted on a base of incombustible, non.absorptive insulating material and enclosed in a well-ventilated, metal cabinet having walls not less than 1/10 inch in thickness, the ventilation being such as to prevent the emission of flame or sparks. ■ECT ION 60.-RULES 6001-6007 103

SECTION 60--ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Rule 6001 General (a) The following requirements shall apply to all electric column leaf ion systems except those carried on by radio.

Rule 6002 Outside Conductor* (a) Outside conductors shall cabs, be run in underground ducts or supported on poles. They shall not be run over, or attached to, roofs except by special permission. (b) Underground conductors shall not be placed in any duct, handhole or manhole containing electric lighting or power conductors. Where a handhole or a manhole is divided into sections by means of partitions of brick, concrete or tile, each compartment shall be considered as a separate handhole or manhole.

(c) Overhead conductors shall not be attached to a crossarm carrying electric lighting or power conductors nor shall they, when on the exterior walls of buildings, be brought closer than 4 inches to electric lighting or power conductors unless one system is in conduit or is permanently separated from other systems by a continuous, firmly- fixed non-conductor additional to the Insulation on the conductors. (d) Metal sheaths of aerial cables which are liable to contact with electric lighting or power conductors, shall either be interrupted close to the entrance to a building by an Insulated joint or equivalent device, or shall be permanently and effectually grounded.

(e) On any pole carrying conductors of both communication and electric lighting of power systems, the distance between the two inside pins on any crossarm shall be not less than 24 inches. Wherever practicable, the conductors of the communication system shall be supported on the lower crossarms. (f) Aerial cables of the metal-sheathed type shall have paper or other suitable insulation. If the metal sheath is omitted, and the conductors are bunched, each con- toe RUCTION AO -1111,I.VI 4sN nt101

ductor shall 1w Manfated with rttlilter not less than 1(.12 inch (hit k, aml the whole altall be coveted with n sitlwtont la! braid.

(g) Conductors (tom the litat ont.loot nttrirror I lo IIIP Icn- tector and conductor* Allitehed Io Ind IdIttO shall have rubber Insulation not then /1) lin 1r int, it ...I es, h wire, and in addition, the constituting, 011ie, Mint Woolly or bunched, shall be uoveit..1 wills o stiltstoot tat Nal,' When not run in conduit Ruth ditti tort shall he 0.114taird from woodwork and atippotted on gloss or porcelain Insulators,

(h) Conductor's shill toilet blilltlIttils either Outlook In. combustible non *teen 1■11 i a 1111110111114 1111411191• tor Ilmotgh rigid motel conduit, to ornIttlits‘ 011140 011411 I. wool. If-bushings or (Imhoff he osed Ow.* shall slope upward from the outside, tie II this cannot be 'tom, dill' loop, shall be formal in the contslucittre, littonoliately outside the point of entrance. tkmiltlit shall he 04I11Ittity.1 with a weather-proof Novice Kiting, Mote Ilion ono runductur may enter through one 1,11.111141 ill 0111111111, (i) The preceding dour. (g) a ni lit) dial; not apply whew the conductors cutter a hIllitli114 III the hum of a nitric unit as is described in t (flout whole the Vt1111. atiret ciucuit is run imulergiotiuni ant the lin nit within the Work is so placed as to ire her fr0111 chowe of actitleitial contact with electric light tit pollen whoa of owl NI Mt,

Rule MO In Itulldlna* llonfrol ) Conduction Jail h.., supp41e,1 that then c anion approach nearer Thai, J niche. to all doe listiling orroner conductor tittle« eitbvt, tube system in conduit, or the twu systems air protmlbtolltv rpm Alr.1 he ,1 con• tinuous amt ttu..1 wouctottattclor adhchmrsi lo the Insulation on thr cvaulucturo, Nate: ne row eJ huoletion u e v spnViAl at rlli ta, r it plead on de ti.mmur Jv frervoi all Josteroks ivisatt of norm& PVROtat4 hfid03 JP tubing ties wandered la M stritolw (b) Conductors, buoalird totettret ii, girt tical run, shall have • fire-resisting r.VtAtiorrit st .irent to ine‘ent the carrying of SECTION 60.—RULES 6003—M1004 103

fire from floor to floor. This requirement shall not apply if the conductors are encased in incombustible tubing, or are located in a fireproof shaft having fire-stops at each floor.

(c) Communication conductors may be run in the same shaft with electric lighting and powec conductors, if the two systems are separated from each other by at least 2 inches or if either or both systems be separately encased in incombustible tubing; but the same tubing shall contain the conductors of only one system.

Rule 6004

In Buildings--Where outside wiring of a communi- tion system consists of aerial conductors. (a) A protector shall be placed within the building as near as practicable to the point where the conductors enter the building. The protector shall be mounted on an incombustible, non-absorptive Insulating base, and shall consist of a lightning arrester between each line wire and ground, and a fuse in each line wire, the fuses protecting the arrester. The protector terminals shall be plainly marked to indicate "line," "instrument" and "ground.'

(b) The plotector shall not be placed in the immediate vicinity of flammable or explosive materials. (c) Where the entire street circuit is run underground, no protector need be provided unless the circuit is liable to accidental contact with electric lighting or power conductors. Ins SECTION 70.—RULE 7001

SECTION 70—MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION Rule 7001 General (a) All operating electrical equipment shall be kept in safe and proper working condition. Defective equipment shall be put in good order or permanently disconnected. (b) Infrequently used ilectrical equipment maintained for future service shall be thoroughly inspected before use to determine its fitness for service. Electrical equipment maintained for emergency service shall be periodically inspected and tested as may be necessary to determine its fitness for service. (c) Adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent a n y electrical equipment from being accidentally or inadvertently electrically charged when work is being done thereon. Note: For carrying out this rule, warning notices, or locks on switches, sentries, or equally effective means may be employed. (d) No repairs or alterations shall be carried out on any live equipment except where complete disconnection of the equipment is not practicable. In places where explosive or highly flammable materials or gases are present repair or alteration shall not be made on any live equipment. (e) Where potentials exceeding 600 volts are employed, a permanent warning notice shall be placed in a conspicuous place forbidding any one to work on any live equipment unless protected by approved Insulated or insulating appliances, such as rubber gloves, tongs, boots, mats, etc. Such appliances shall always be main tained in proper condition for use. (f) Passageways around such machinery and equipment as generators, transformers and switchboards shall be kept clear of any obstruction and so arranged as to give authorized persons ready access to all parts requiring attention. (g) Adequate illumination shall be provided. (h) Flammable material shall not be stored or placed in dangerous proximity to electrical equipment. (i) Employers having engineers, caretakers or other persons regularly on duty in charge of electrical installations shall place in conspicuous positions display cards of "Rules for Resuscitation from Electric Shock' (See Appendix "C" —"Instructions for Resuscitation"). It shall be the duty of such employers to cause proper instruction to be given in methods of resuscitation in accordance with these Rules. APPENDIX "A" 101

APPENDIX "A" APPROPRI AIL 1317.111 OP CONDUIT FOR CONDUCTORS Note: Ste clause (o) "Metal Conduit Work" and "Theatre Installations" The following Sables apply only to compkk conduit systems and not to short sections of conduit used for the protection of portions (11 open wiring which would otherwise be exposed to mechanical injury. TABLE I—TWO•WIRR AND THRILL-WIRI SYSISAIS Number of Conductors In Ono Conduit Stud Conductor 1 2 ) 4 1 3 6 7 I • M nimum Slut of Condit In nebos

14 B. B S. G. 11 10

4 3

0 00 000 0000 200000 C.M. 215000 250000 300000 350000 400000 450000 501000 550000 600000 650000 700000 750000 500000 1150000 900000 950000 1000000 1100000 1200000 1250000 1)00000 1400000 1500000 1600000 1700030 1730003 1803000 1900000 2003000 108 APPENDIX "A"

TABLE 2—NUMBER of UNSTRANDED CONDUCTORS WITH SINGLE RAID TO BE DRAWN IN.

No. of Sis• of Sloe of Conti uc ton Conduit 4 14 B. & S. Gauge Inch B. & S. Cause Inch 7 14 B. & S. Gauge Inch 4 to B. & S. Gauge Inch S B. & S. Gauge Inch

TABLE 3—THREE-CONDUCTOR CONVERTIBLE SYSTEM

No. and Siso of Conductors Slue of Conduit Electrical Trade Sloe tr 14 B. & S. Gauge and one 10 B. & S In 12 ••• 2 Game 10 • 6 •' II .• 4 0 • 2 3 1 4 .." 0 3 •• 00 2 OM 11 1 .• 0000 2 .• 0 250000 C M. 2 " 00 350000 400000 530000 3 " 250000 C.M. 600000 3 " 300000 800000 3 600000 1000000 334 " 500000 1250000 4 " 600000 1500000 4 " 700000 1750000 " 800000 2000000

TABLE 4—STAGE POCKET AND BORDER CIRCUITS, AND ELSEWHERE BY SPECIAL PERMISSION. Minimum Number of Conductors In Conduit Sheaf Conductor Inch Inch Inch inch Inch Inch 1 I Id 119 234 3 14 11 19 26 43 61 93 It 21 34 50 77 10 12 16 27 38 60 8 13 22 31 49 14 22 Not,: For von), a combisolioos not inclosted • Ow Oboes lotics. consult As Majmoctiew Dolowtonent. For such troops os somasinalions. A is rscoosotrosint Simi Ma conalssit Iss of such Ms. IOW Ms Can of au eras-euaia.al loot of air wool Peulseett.4 mil poi tse was Ikon 40 per at of IA. Odour crospiediosof see d A. conaluit• .83833C883333tS;i1U3342C" . .... . . . ...... . .. If a

3.3.; ; :::: . : g; • : •.• •0 •. • " : : : : : : ::: : : 5 :.: •:: n:: 3: : c: : cc: : : .. .. .. ... .. :. : i.:. ..• : ..: ,:. :. .i :. 3:. ::::. : : ::. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . :: :::: 5..: ..: .: .: : .: : 3: : c: :• : c: 3: : : : I 01 = 7 • • • • • • • " ::::: : : ::::::::: " .• .• .• ...• • ".. • ..• • ." ..• :• : :::. ri...:. „: „„: ..: ,: „: : : 3: : c: : c: ;;;: :

: 55: ZZ..:)....ai Go■ •0: 0: 00: : 3: : 33: C: : : : • .4.• • • • • • • :::: • iva: :7a:• ...... • ■•• ■01.. :• . ":• :• ; :::::::::::::: ;:• : : : "St: i: ...D ft: &mop: : a: : •3: : ra: VS: : :::::::: • • • • • • • • ::::: • • • • • ::::::: 6: 6: : .i 4.. i : . . ::::::: 3. .. LI. : : ,,..; i• .... • • • .... . St: t: 5-: .: 6....: : : : «: : : 3: : : : 3'. .. .. .. .. I Silt: t--.: • • • • • • I g 5.• 55: 57 _.: : ..:. ,,,,,:. : : • : 5: ri: 5. __„: „: „„: : : „: 4.: : rz. 1 : :::::::: " . . " . - . :::::::: • l': • -Z. i• •• : .-. .- • .•. ...... . . . '‘' a••••,a• a• -a .. .• ... •• • o• o .• . t ...... • • • • • " • ...... t t: g: : •..•..:. . •• .:. . ...... .. v: t••••••• ....:..:..:..• • c: z I ..F:i.uiv, Niterbiltt"bb:,91.1.7.,701.'Pacq," `bird"' i tinuou. Curtent-canyinS Capacities of "Conductors" Clay0 in Under -Col-olitil—Cene011." For 220 volts multiply the distance in feet by two, for the mole iv percentage drop. ;.;

001 It.. XICIFIllddV • II APPENDIX "C"

APPENDIX "C" INSTRUCTIONS FOR RESUSCITATION Note: See clause (0 under "Mainknance and Operation" Follow These Instructions Even if Victim Appears Dead I.—Free the Victim from the Circuit Immediately. I. Quickly release the victim from the current, being very careful to avoid receiving a shock. Use any dry non-conductor (rubber gloves, clothing, wood, rope, etc.) to move either the victim or the conductor. Beware of using metal or any moist material. If both of the victim's hands are grasping live conductors endeavor to free them one at a time. If necessary shut off current. Begin at once to get the subject to breathe (resuscitation) for a moment of delay is serious. Use "Prone Pressure Method" for four (4) hours if necessary, or until a doctor has advised that rigor mortis has set in.

Observe the Following Precautions (a) The victim's loose clothing, if dry, may be used to pull him away; do not touch the soles or heels of his shoes while he remains in contact—the nails are dangerous. If this is impossible use rubber gloves, a dry coat, a dry rope, a dry stick or board, or any other dry non-conductor to move either the victim or the conductor, so as to break the electrical contact. (b) If the bare skin of the victim must be touched by your hands, be sure to cover them with rubber gloves, macintosh, rubber sheeting or dry cloth; or stand on a dry board or on some other dry insulating surface. If possible, use only one hand. 7 f the man receives a shock while on a pole, first see that his belt is secure around the pole, if possible above cross arm so victim will not fall, then break the current. Pass a hand-line under his arms, preferably through his body belt, securely knot it, and pass the end of the line over the first cross arm above the victim. If you are alone, pas, the line once around this cross arm. If you are not alone, drop the line to those at the base of the pole. As soon as the rope is taut, free the victim's safety belt and spurs and descend the pole, guiding the victim. 2. Open the nearest switch, if that is the quickest way to break the circuit. 3. If necessary to cut a live wire, use an axe or a hatchet with a dry wooden handle, turning your face away to protect it from electrical flash. APPENDIX ''C" tIt

II.—Attend Instantly to Victim's Breathing

(1) As soon as the victim is clear of the live conductor, quickly feel with your finger in his mouth and throat and remove any foreign body (tobacco, false teeth, etc.) If the mouth is tight shut, pay no attention to the above-mentioned instructions until later, but immediately begin resuscitation. The patient will breathe through his nose and after resuscitation has been carried on a short time, the jaws will probably relax, and any foreign substance in the mouth can then be removed. Do not stop to loosen the patient's clothing; every moment of delay is UMW

(2) Lay the patient on his belly, one arm extended directly overhead, the other arm bent at elbow and with the face resting on hand or forearm so that the nose and mouth are free for breathing. (See Fig. 1.)

(3) Kneel, straddling the patient's hips, with the knees just below the patient's hip bones or opening of pants pockets. Place the palms of the hands on the small of the back with fingers resting on the ribs, the little finger just touching the lowest rib, the thumb alongside of the fingers, the tips of the fingers just out of eight. (See Fig. 1.)

(4) With arms held straight, swing forward slowly so that the weight of your body is gradually brought to bear upon the subject (see Fig. 2.). This operation, which should take from two to three seconds, must not be violent—internal organs may be injured. The lower part of the chest and also the abdomen are thus compressed, and air is forced out of the lungs, the diaphragm is kept in natural motion, other organs are massaged and the circulation of the blood accelerated.

(5) Now innnediakly swing backward so as to completely remove the pressure, thus returning to the position shorn in Fig. 3. Through their elasticity, the chest walls expand, and the pressure being removed the diaphragm descends, and the lungs are thus supplied with fresh air.

(6) After two seconds swing forward again. Thus repeat deliberately twelve to fifteen times a minute the double movement of compression and release—a complete respiration in four or five seconds. If a watch or a clock is not visible, follow the natural rate of your own deep breathing. The proper rate may be determined by counting--swinging forward with each ex- piration and backward with each inspiration. 112 APPENDIX "C"

7 Lt.

APPENDIX -C" us

(7) As soon as this artificial respiration has been started and while it is being continued an assistant should loosen any tight clothing about the patient's neck, chest or waist. (KEEP TFIF. PATIENT WARM). Place ammonia near the nose, determining safe distance by first trying how near it may be held to your own. Do not give any liquids whatever by mouth until the patient is fully conscious. (8) Continue artificial respiration without interruption (if necessary for four hours) until natural breathing is restored. Cases are on record of success after three and one-half hours of effort. The ordinary tests for death are not conclusive in cases of electric shock and doctors must be no advised by YOU, if necessary. (9) When the patient revives, he should be kept prone (lying down)—and not allowed to get up or be raised under any consideration unless on the advice of a doctor. If the dcctor has not arrived by the time the patient has revived, he should be given some stimulant, such as one teaspoonful of aromatic spirits of ammonia in a small glass of water, or a drink of hot ginger, tea or coffee. The patient should then have any other injuries attended to and be kept warm, being placed in the most comfortable position. (l0) Resuscitation should be carried on at the nearest possible point to where the patient received his injuries. Ile should not be moved from this point until he is breathing normally of his own volition, and then moved only in a lying position. Should it be necessary, due to extreme weather conditions, etc., to move the patient before he is breathing normally, he should be kept in a prone position and placed upon a hard surface (door or shutter) or on the floor of a conveyance, resuscitation being carried on during the time that he is being moved. (II) A brief return of spontaneous respiration is not a certain indication for terminating the treatment. Not infrequently, the patient, after a temporary recovery of respiration, stops breathing again. The patient must be watched, and if normal breathing stops, artificial respiration should be resumed at once. III—Send for a Doctor If other persons are present when an accident occurs, send one of them for a doctor without a moment's delay. If alone with the patient, do not neglect the immediate and continued re• suscitation of the patient for at least one hour before calling a doctor to assist in further resuscitation efforts. 116 CANADIAN ELECTRICAL CODE.

Rule & Clause Page Adjustable-speed motors See Protettion of Motors 803 (0) 39 Mr-cooled transformers See Transformers, Dry-core type 2003 (c) (d) 69 Alterations See Maintenance & Operation 7001 (d) 106 Antennae See Radio Installations 87 Appendices A—Appropriate alms of Conduit for Conductors 107 R—WIring Table for two percent drop in Potential 109 C—Instructions for Resuscitation 110 Appliances. Heating See Heating Appliances 2009 73 Appropriate sires of Conductors for Conduit See Appendix A 107 Approval, of Plans & S Scotian. 203 19 of ElectricalEquipment 205 20 by Inspection meat 203 19 Arc Lamps 2013 76 Conductors 76 Current-carrying capacity of 76 Stranding of 1 76 Cut-outs for 76 Globes for 76 Height above ground 76 Resistance. or regulators for 76 Stark smarm for i 76 Operator for See Theatre Installations 3909 (h) 99 Armoured Cable Work 504 32 ArmourW Conductors of different systems not to be contained within one (1)) 32 In cinders (11) 33 Mechankal & Electrical continuity of (c) 32 Securing to fittings idi 32 Bettis. Minimumra dio of e 33 Boxes.Box Amearibility of outlet and other 33 Cabinets.ts Accemibility of 33 Conductors Marker required (a) 32 Of one circuit to be In same armouring l 32 Protection by bushings 32 Type to use (a)ifi) 32 Lead sheathing Mechanical and electrical continuity of.. (e) 32 For fire-proof buildinp (0 33 Bas also Services 403 (e) 26 Theatre Installations 3904 (a) 97 Use of Metal Conduit or Armoured Cable 312 fa) 40 Attics See Mechanical Protection of Coodoctors 601(a) 43 Attics Unfinished See Nos-metallic Sheathed Cable Work 507 (J) 17 Authority for Rules & Permission for Deviation therefrom 201 19 Auto-transformer, See Derived 3-wire Interior Systems 513 (5) Balancers See Control & Protection of Generators 906 (d) 39 Basement., bathrooms etc 39 Fittings & Fixture., in basements etc 39 Provision &aloft electric shock 39 Insulating material, Where to use F 39 INDEX—PART I 117

Rule & Clause ' age Batteries Portable Cords & Cable. for See Ganges 122 Batteries See Electrically Operated Organs 3601 (s) se Storage Batteries ..1 Battery, Chargers, Eliminator., Lead. See Radio Installations 3703 m) 00 90 Battery Rooms Sore Small Isolated Plants. 4001 I) 100 Bell-ringing transformer. See Trinitarian 2003 d) 69 Bends See Mechanical Protection of Conductor 603 (I) 46 Booths See Motion Picture Projectors & Equipment 126 Bonding of lead-sheathing etc. See Nigh Potential Installations 5001 (f) 101 Borden See Theatre Installations 133 Ban. Cut-out. See Cabinets and Cut-out boar 117 Ban Junction See Underfloor Raceways 136 Boxes Junction, Outlet and Pull-in See Outlet Fittings. 117 Boxes. Outlet See Armoured Cable Work 301 (0 33 Concealed Knot...nil-Tube Work 502 (0 20 Metal Conduit Work 503 00 31 Non-metallic Sheathed Cable Work.507 36 tlets 308 38 Signs and Outline Lighting 3802 (b) 95 Underfloor Raceways 306 p) 35 Ban, Rreeptacle See Armoured Cable Work.... 304 ) 33 Concealed Knob-and-Tube Work.302 ) 29 Metal Conduit Work $03 10 31 Non-meta ilk Sheathed Cable Work307 36 Underfloor Raceways 306 (k) 35 Boxes, Extra Service See Service Bons 3903 01) 97 Boxes, Service See Service Boxes 131 Boma, Switch See Armoured Cable Work 501 (6) 33 Concealed Knob-and-Tube Work 302 0) 29 Metal Conduit Work 303 (b) 31 Non-Metallic Sheathed Cable Went-507 36 Boxes, Weatherproof See Sign. and Outline Lighting 38101 (k) 93 Boeing, Wooden SeeMechanical Protection of Come 6031a) 45 Wooden Boxing 3201 (8) 79 Branch Circuits See Cut-outs 802 (; 30 Heating Appliances 2000 0 73 Switches 803 ( 53 Branch Connections See Neutral Conductor 6113 (b 44 Building., Groups of See Control and Protective Equipment 1101 (b) 49 Building. See Use of Metal Conduit or Armoured Cable 312 (a) 40 Wiring on Exteriors of Buildings 310 39 Bunches See Theatre Installations 135 Bus Bars See Switchboards 134 Bushings Sr PleMble Cord 603 (e) 44 Mechanical Protection of Conductors 4303M 46 Metal Conduit Work 303 (1) 31 Cabinets and Cut-out Boxes 702 47 Clearances required within id 48 Depth of 48 Enclosure of wiring spaces 48 Mechanical strength of 48 Weatherproof 47 Wiring spaces required 47 Cabinets Sre Armoured Cable Work 33 Cabinets and Cut-out boxes 41 Cat-outs 602 (a) 49 118 CANADIAN IILECTRI CAL CODE

Rule and Clause Page

Set Metal Conduit Work 503 (h) 31 Where Excessive hiloistunr or Vapour is preeent 3101 (b) (g) 79 Cabinet.. Weatherproof See Signs and Outline Light- ing 3801 (k) 95 Cable, Armoured. Lead-sheathed See 'here Exces- sive Moisture or Vapour is p0-sent 3201 (a) 79 Cable, Armoured See Armoured Cable Work .... 116 Cable See Non-metallic Sheathed Coble Work 127 Cables See Cutouts 802 (0 50 Cables. Lighting and Control See Pamenger and Freight Elevators 3101 bl 78 Cables for borders See Theatre Installations 3904 (a) 98 Cables. and Portable Cords Ste Garages Ill Canopies See Fixtures 2010 (f) 74 Choke coils See Lightning Arrester. 2007 (c) 72 Circuit-breakers See Cut-outs 119 Protection of Motor Circuits WM (c) 55 Protection of Motor 56 Circuits. Eleatic.' Protection of Sr. Signs and Out- line Lighting 3801(1) 94 Circuits, Identinotion of switchboard See Switch- boards 2005 (k) 71 Circuit.. Lighting and Power See Radio I nstallation 3702 (a) sa Circuits Se Electrically Operated Organs 3601 ii) 86 Clittmes. Permit, I or See Theatre Installations ...... 3901 (d) 96 Cleats See Supporting of Conductors 604 (e) 45 Collector Wires Fee Electric Crane. and Hoists...... 120 Compensators See Protection of Moton ...... - 805 (1) 58 Concealed knob-and-tube work 502 28 Hoses. Outlet, witch and receptacle (1) 29 Conductor. Fishing of (11) 29 Mechanical protection of, behind plastering (,t 29 Separation of (cS 29 Support 19 To run singly 19 Type to use ib 29 Conduit or &moored cable work. Changing to. • • • r 29 Fittings. Installation a J) 29 Flexible tubing. Use of—, at outlets s) 29 Condemers Static See Static Condensers 5002 101 Conduit See Metal Conduit Work 125-126 Conduit. Service See Services 132 Conduit, Underground See Mechanical Protection of Conductor 603(g) 46 Conductor 000 41 Current-Carrying capacity, Minimum ..... 42 insulating of unused ends 42 Joints splices and taps (d) 42 Lugs for 42 Material 42 Slow-burning covering 42 Strain on terminal.. 42 Sam also Armoured Cable Work 116 Concealed Knob-and.Tube Wotk..,... 118 Metal Conduit Work . . 125-126 Non-Metallic Sheathed Cable Wotk....807 (b) 36 Open-Wiring 301 28 Protection of Motor Circuits...... 55 Radio Installations 3703 (1) 89 Small Isolated Plants 4601(b) 100 119 INDEX—PART I

Rule Pe Clause Pate 33 Surface Raceway Work 34 Underfloor Raceways Conductors. Appropriate gees of Conduit for 107 See Appendix A 3909 (c) 99 Conductors Flexible See Theatre installations 91 Conductors. Lead-in See Lead-In Conductors 27 Conductors, Overhead See Services 406 (e) Signe and Outline Lighting 3501 (1) 124 Conductors. Protection "mind corrosion See Storage 72 Batteries (4) 44 Conductors to be identified Sr' Neutral Conductors •601 (c) 3602 9.1 Conductor', Spacing of, Sr' Signe and Outline Llghting 26 Conductors, Underground See Services 406(b) 27 Cond uctors,is, nyoult See (f 44 Connectors, Pull-off See Flexible Cord 602 (e) 122 Connectors See Garages Considerations affecting Approval 210 21 Contractor, Name required See Services 402 (b) TS Control and Protection of Generators 006 59 Balancers for three-wlre D.C. magma blectricsi Protection ol 59 Cut-outs for electrical protection (1,41) lc) 59 Direct-cunent Denton. Three-wire Electrical ion of (e) 59 Generator and Transformer 0944111115 55 • Unit E ctric protection of 59 Swi hesle 59 Control and Protective Equipment for Services VI 24 Cord, Portable See Heating Appliances 2009 (a) 73 Cord See Ptscetbk Cord 122 Cords and Cabin. Portable See Garages 122 Cant:wive Liquids and Vapours Sr' VVbere Corrosive Liquids or Vapours are present 197 Counterpoises See Radio Installations 129 Cranes See Electric Cranes and Hoists 120 Current-carrying capacity See Conductors 601 91d) 42 Flexible Cord ..602 44 Neutral Conductors 603 ta 44 Current-consuming devices See Small Isolated Plants-4001 e) 100 Curtain Motors See Theatre Installations 3910 ) 99 Cutouts 602 40 Branch Circuits. Rating of fuses for (e) 50 Cabinets. Vertical mounting of (a) 40 Cables. Current-carrying capacity of (0 50-31 Circuit Breakers Number of Poles required 32 Setting of 52 Trip coils for k) 52 Conductors Current crying capacity a) 50-51 Grounded. Electriml Protection of (e) 49 Rating of fuses for 51 Neutral. Electric') protectbn of 1 49 Ungrounded. ElectrW protection of 49 Enclosure In Cabinets 40 Grouping of 3, 49 Fuses 51 In multiple Rating of 30 Where not to place 31 Grouping. of cut-outs. 1 49 120 CANADIAN ELECTRICAL CODE

Rule and Clause Page Sae also Control and Protection of Generators 806 Fi (c) 39 Services 401 24 Cut-out, and switches need together See Switches 803 h 33 Cut-outs for Arc Lamps See Arc Lamps 2013 (e) 76 Cutout. for Mercury Vapour Lamps See Mercury Vapour Lamp. 2014 (b) 76 Cutout bones See Cabinets and Cut-out boxes 117 Dampers See Theatre Installations 3911 (a) 99 Dampplace. See Mechanical Protection of Conductors 603 (I) 46 Defective Equipment See Maintenance and ()Petition 7001 (a) 106 Definition. of Special Terms. Section 1 13 Definitions (Special) Of Garages Section 33 31 Of Motion Picture Studios. Section 34 23 Of Private Residence 507 36 Derived 3-wire Interior System. for Auto-trannicentewl used as balancing cods 313 41 Auto-trandormers. How to use (a) Deviation from Rules 10 (b) 22 Devices. Current.consuming See Small Isolated Plant, MI (e) 100 Electrically Operated Organs 3601 (h) g6 Dimmers See Theatre Installations 3903 (c) 97 Disconnecting Switches See Protection of Motors 805 (m) DI Services 406 (d) 27 Deeming Rooms See Theatre Installations 3908 99 Dry-core transformers See Tronaformers 213133 (c) (d) 69 Duct.. Underground See Mechanical Protection of Conductor. 609 (g) 46 Electric Communication System, General 6001 103 Scope of the rules (al 103 Outside Conductor, 6002 103 Aerial Cables Insulation 103 Interruption of metal sheaths. (d 103 Conductors Entering buildings h) (I) 104 Insulation 104 Over and attached to rook 1 103 Overhead a (c( (e) 103 Underground • (b) 103 On Buildings 6003 104 Conductors 104 On buildings where the outside wiring of the Com .(a) (b) (o) municatIon System consists of serial conductors 6004 103 Protectors General requirements for (a) (b) (c) 105 Electric Cranes and Hoists 3001 77 Collector wires Installation of (a) (5) let 77 Saes for various spans (d) 77 Conductors Minimum Mae of 77 Types to use 77 Electrical Equipment See Control and Protei.tive Equipment 801 (a) 49 High Potentisl Installations S001 (g) 101 Maintenance and Operation 7001 106 Radio Installations 3701 (a) $7 Where Corr.eive Liquids or Vapours are present 3202 (a) 79 INDEX—PART I 111

Rule and Clause Pate Electrical Equipment See Where Excessive Alonture Or 9'apnur it present 117 Where highly Flammable or Explonive Material. are present 3203 (b) NO Electrical E.quipment. Accemibility of See Theatre 1901 (b) u6 Installations 10 Electrical Equipment. Approval ,I 200 Electrical Equipment, M'orking space around See In• nallation of Electrical Machinery 2001 (a) Mt Electric Ranges Fee Heating Appliances 2009 (I) 73 Electric Signs Fee Use of Metal Conduit or Atan.ured Cable ill (a) 40 Electrode., Ground 910 66 Elevator Shaft.. See Mechanical Protection of Con- dUctors 603 (b) 45 Elevators See Passenger and Freight Elevators Ill Elevators, Grain See Rotating El.:triad Machinery. 2002 (e) 68 Emergency light. See Th Installations 135 Enclrwores See Booths 117 Enclosure. Weatherproof See Signs an Outline Light- i g 3001 (e) 94 Ends of conductors. inward See Conducton 601 lb) 42 Equipment See Garage. 1301 (o) RI Equipment, Defective See Defective Equipment 7001 (a) 106 Equipment. Electrical See Electrical Equipment 131 Equipment and Workmanshi 205 20 Explosive Material, Fee Where Highly Flammable or Exp.E.altvme.clItuattals are nprent _ 137 1 parts to be grounded 904 61 Electrically Operated Organs 3601 06 Potteries. Type permitted (a) 86 Circuits, Electrical protection at (I) 86 Conductor.. General requirements e) to (a) 86 Devices. Instalbtion of It 86 Generator. and Motors • (b) 86 Potential. Maximum permitted 86 Wirings Installation of Is 86 Feeder.. Control of See Control and Protective Equip- ment El (b) 49 Fees. Permits and 202 19 Festooned Light. See Theatre Installation. 3907 99 Film. See Motion Picture Projectors and Equipment 3502 (I) 05 Fire Escapes See Use of Metal Conduit or Armoured Cable... 312 (a) 40 Fire Gongs See Um of Metal Conduit or Armoured Cable 512 (a) 40 Fixtures on Scenery See Theatre Installations 3906 98 Fire-proof Buildings See Armoured Cable Work SO4 (I) 33 Fitting. See Basements and Bathroom. etc 909 (a) 34 Under Boor Raceways 06 02 35 Nonmetallic Sheathed Cable Work 507 (n) 37 Concealed Knob-and-Tube Work 902 (I) 29 Surface Raaray Work 905 (e) 33 Fittings. Bonding of. for grounding Ste Sian Potential Installation. i(101 10 101 Fittings. Mogul See Outlets SOS (C) 3A Fittings. Service See Services 403 (d) 25 Fittings, Strain on See Flexible Cord 602 (b) 44 Return 2010 74 Bonding. Combined gas and electric outlets (1) 74 122 CANADIAN ELECTRICAL. CODE Rule & Cial, Pate Canopies.Conductors Removability for of .. ((Iia to d) 74 InsulationConnection to grounded supports (e) 74 From groundedungrounded metal metal supporta 74 Sockets. Connection of screw shells of (I) 74 Space for ointS (I) 74 Sao alms Motion Picture Studios 3401 (f) 83 Basements and Bathrooms etc 309 (a) 39 Flammable Materials See Where Highly flammable Of FlammableExplosive Materials. Materials Storing are present of See Maintenance and 137 FlexibleOperation Conductor. See Theatre Installations 3909 (h)(c) 10699 FlexibleBun.). Cord . 602(-) 4244 Connector. Pull-off I 1 44 Current-earning capacity. Misname 44 Fittings. Strain al b$ 44 StrainTypes onfor... Certain mat b 4442 Use of 44 Flexible Tubing See Concealed Knob-and-Tube Work 02 (g) 29 Floor Receptacles SeeSigns Receptacles. and Outline LishlingRosettes and 3302 (d) 93 Flues.Sockets Stage See Theatre Installations 20113911 (d) 9973 FlushFlour MillsSwitch See Plates Rotating See OutletElectrical Fitting. Machinery... .. 2002701 (d)(e) 6847 Footlights See Theatre Installations 133 Freight Elevator. See Farman and Freight Elevators 128 Fun. See Cut-outsProtection of Motors 129119 Protection of Motor Circuits 804 (el 53 Radio Installations 3702 ) 89 Small Isolated Plants . 4001 d) 00 100 Fuses. Forbidden In rosettes See Receptacles. Rosettes Galleryand Pockets Sockets See Theatre Installations 39032011 (I) 9873 Garages• Wiring—General 81 Equipment.Connections. Locating Polarisation of al 81 Lamle. Trim ol cord for Wiring Types permitted alat PortablesConnectors 81 Cords and Cables if3 (C) 31 Plugs. locating of suspended 81 GeneratorsReceptacles and Motors if) 8281 General requirements (a) 82 Gugffiled/Ma also.incandescent Definition lamps of See Section 33 2012 7381 Conductors in natures (or... 76 LocatinSocketsg for of F ? 73 GeneratorsGeneral Rules See Section Control and2 Protection of Generators 806 (f) 1939 INDEX—PART I 123

- Rule & Clause One 06 Generators See Electrically Operated Orient 3401 Cu) (b) 82 Generator. and Motors See Garage. 3303 (a) Generators. Installation of See Rotating Electrical Machinery 131 Groin Elevators See Rotating Electrical Machleery-2002 (e) 60 53 Grounded circuit. See Switches scu CO Grounded Conductor. See Cut-outs 801 (c) 49 Grounding Section 9 60 Conductor, to be grounded 902 60 Connection to Ground. how to effect 909 66 Connection to groundIng-conductor 907 61 Equipment to be grounded 903 61 Exposed non-current-carrying metal part. to be grounded 904 61 General regulations re How to Ground. 906 62 Ground Electrodes 910 66 Grounding-conducton 904 63 How to Ground 903-910 62-67 What to Ground .901-904 60-61 Sots also High Potential Installations 3001 101 Passenger and Freight Elevators 70 Radio Inmallations .112113 ) 91 Underftoor Raceways 306 (h) 35 Grounding Conductor Radio Installations3702 (k) 89 Grounding Switch See Radio Installations 3702 (I) 09 Grouping of Conductor See Mechanical Protection of Conductor. 45 Grouping See Cut-outs 68325 ig 49 Group. of Motors See Protection of Motor Circults 804 (d) 56 Groups of Building. See Control and Protective Equipment 801 (b) 49 Guarding live parts See Live Palil 125 Guard Strips See Mechanical Protection of Conductor 603 (a) 43 Where Woefaive Montano, Vapour la present 32e1 (2) 79 Hazardous Locations 3201 to 3203 79-in Heating appliances 2009 Branch circuits for (c) 73 Consumer'n service conductors for ranges Minimum We 73 Control witch for.. 73 Grouping and electrical protection of (d) 73 !mutilation of 73 Plug and receptacle In lieu of control switch. 73 Portable cord for 9 73 High Potential Installations General Requirement. 3001 101 Electrical Equipment Accessibility of (a) 101 Grounding. Bonding of lead-sheathing and Ottlngofor I) 101 Lead-sheathing °minion of, over )0fililt•••• • • • • el 101 Potheads. Where required d) 101 Wiring, Methods permitted ) (b) CC) 101 Static Condensers 102 Installation of cii 0) 102 Transformer,m for 102 Vacuum-tube Lighting System. 5003 102 Installation of (a) (b) 102 High Potential Services 406 27 Hoots See Electric Cranes and Hoist. 120 Identification of switchboard circuits See Switchboards 2005 (hi 71 124 CANADIAN ELECTRICAL CODE

Rule & Clause Page Identifying marker See Neutral Conductor. 603 (c) 44 Illumination, Provision of See Maintenance and Operation 7001 (a) 106 Incandement Lamps See Lamps, Incandescent 124 Incandescent lamps. gas-filled See Gas-Pilled Incandescent Limps 124 Incandescent Lamps. Use of with 226161627Ct devices Sr. Resistance Devices 2006 (d) (e) (f) 72-73 Inflammable See Where Highly Flammable or Explos- ive Materials an torment 137 Infrequentlr used equipment. See Maintenance and 106 Inserts See Underfloor Raceways 506 (a) (h) 35 Inspection See Maintenance and operation...... 7001 lb) 106 Inspection Deportment. Approval by 203 19 Ruling of See Radio Installation. 3703 (a) 90 Inspection Permits and Current Permits 209 21 Installation of Electrical Machinery 2001 6A Electrical Equipment Rebuilt or rewound. Nameplate for il, OR6 Working space around OR Installation of Services 26 Instructions for Resuscitation See Appendix C 110 Instrument transformers Sr. TrandOnner• 2003 (d) 69 Insulation Resistance 511 40 Ohm. required a) (h) 40 Insulators See Supporting 0( Conductors (a) (d) 44 Insulators. Petticoat See Where Corrosive Liquids or Vapour. are present 3202 (b) 79 Interference of Other Work 207 20 Isolated Plants, Small See Small Isolated Plants 113 Joints See Conductors 601 (b) (d) 42 Junction Boxes See Outlet Fittings 127 unction Boxes See Underfloor Raceways 136 y Sockets See Receptacles. Rosettes and Sockets 130 Knife Switches for grounding-conductor. See Radio Installation. 3703 (m) 92 Knobs See Supporting of Conductors 133 Knob., Sp/it. See Where Excessive Manure or Vapour is present 3201 leci 79 Lamps See Garages 81 Motion Picture Studios 126 Lampe, Arc See Arc Lamps 2013 76 Theatre Installations 3909 (b) 99 Lamps, gas-filled incandescent See Gas-Filled Incandes- cent lamps 122 Lamm Incandescent See Where Highly Flammable or Explosive Materials are present 3203 (c) AO Use of with resistance device. See Resistance Device. 2009 (A) (e) (1) 73 Lead-In Conductors See Radio Installations 3701 (a) (hi 88 Lends See Sign. and Outline Lighting 3301 (d) 94 Lead-sheathed Armoured Cable See Where Excessive Moisture or Vapour is present 3201 (.1 79 Lead-Sheathing See Armoured Cable Work 116 High Potential Installations 3001 (e) 101 Mechanical Protection of Conductors 605 (e) 46 License required See Radio Installations 3701 (b) $7 Lighting sod Power Installations. Current from See 3702 (a) MS Radio Installations 3703 (o) 93 INDEX—PART 1 126

Rule & Clonv Page 71 Lighting of Switchboard. See Switchboard. Li 102 Lighting Systems, Vacuum Tube See Static Condensers2Ws3003‘ (j) 20071a to e) 71 Lightning Amgen! 96 Uve Parts See Theatre Installations 03901 1( )61 14 Live Part., Guarding of See Services 11 Location of Sendai It luipment 402 16 Low Potential See Servkra 401 (d) Low-voltage release device. See Protection of Motor. $O% (n) ( 2 Lugs Se Conductors 601 (c) 106 Maintenance and Operation 7001 Electrical Equipment 106 to Operating 1116 Defective • 106 Infrequently used 11'6 For P:mergency Service Safety Precautions c (d) 106 Alteration. and repaint 1 1116 106 Inspection and Testing b) 166 Obstructions Illumination Provision of ,,,, .. .. 106 Flammable Material Storing of 166 Resuscitation from .hock Display of Rule. for 116 Marker identifying See Neutral Conductors d03 (c) 44 St Mats. In lieu of Outlet Boxes See Outlets 306 (d) IS Mechanical Protection of Conductor 603 Attic. l'nfinished. Open wire' in Bushings. Use of . , (h)I. Conductors Bend. not to Injure (f) 46 Between Generators. transformers. 'switch boards, etc 46 41 Grouping oi In conduit or ducts expowd to molgtore dec 46 Isolation from other conducting material 46 Conduits and ducts, Underground 46 Sealing of . . Sealing of wall openings for 46 Damp places. Insulation of conductors In 46 Elevator .hafts.Conductors in 46 Flameproof Covering . • 43 Guard strips 43 Iron pipe sleeves (b) 43-46 Lead sheathing. Where required ... e 46 Potlwads. Where required 46 Running Board. 45 Switchboards. Grouping of conductors 43 Wooden boxing 45 76 Mercury Vapour Lamps 30)4 Conductors In futures for. Sin of . 76 Cutouts for ki) 76 Residences or regulators for. a) 76 Metal conduit See Theatre Installations .3906 (a) 97 Use of Metal Conduit or Armoured Cable ..317 (a) 40 Where Encewlve Moisture or Vapour is present...... 137 Where Highly Flammable or Explosive Materials are present 3203 (0) SO Metal Conduit, Appropriate sloes of, for conductor* See Appendix it 107 31 Metal Conduit Work . Rd Boxes. Accemibility of outlet and other (h) 31 126 CANADIAN ELECTRICAL CODE

Rule & Clause Page Bushings. Use of (f) 31 Cabinet.. Accessibility of (h) 31 Conductors. Mechanical protection of 31 Dwingra into conduit iie) 31 ConduI t Mechanical and electrical continuity of 31 Installationst of lee 31 Elbows and bends in—not to Injure conductors (b) 31 Record to the weather e) 31 In cinders 31 Maximum number of bends In / 31 Minimum aim of a) 31 Removal of enamel from a 31 Removal of fins and burrs from 31 Metal parts, exposed non-current carrying, to be grow 61 Meters See Service' .403 26 Mills. Flour See Rotating Electrical Machinery 2002 (e) 68 Mogul Fittings See Outlets 808 (c) 36 Mogul Sockets See Outlets SON (b) 36 Motion Picture Projectors and Equipment General requirement. 3301 114 Booths, Conditions requiring 64 Qualified fied operator required 64 Installation. of the Profemional Type WO 2 64 Booths Construction and Ventilation fe to It) 114 Conductors Minimum aim (a) 64 Film., Rewinding of (1) 05 Qualified oppeerator required 04 Rotating electrical machinery g')) 05 Motion Picture Studio. Section 34. 113 Definition of 3401 03 General requirements 3401 83 Fixtures In film storage vaulti 83 Type permitted iflf 83 Lamp. Control of f/ 83 In film storage vaults 0 63 Installation of, on walls 83 Pendant / (e) 83 Sockets. Type permitted at patching tables t 83 }Neonate. Type permitted 83 Rotating electrical machine. 83 Wiring. Method to be employed 63 Motion Picture Stadion. Definition of, See Section 34 01 Motors See Electrically Operated Organs 3601 (a) (6) $6 t'se of Metal Conduit or Armoured Cable.312 (a) 40 Motors, Curtain See Theatre Installations 3910 (a) 99 Motors, Generators and See Garages 3303 (a) 82 Motor.. Installatba of See Rotating Electrical Machinery 131 Motor Starters See Protection of Motors 603(Cl 56 Moulding. Wood—See Surface Raceway Work 303 a) 13 Multiple-channel raceways See Surface Raceway Work 303 ) 34 Underfloor Raceways 34 Nameplate. For rebuilt or rewound electrical See Installation of Electrical Machinery • 2001 (a) 68 Neutral Conductors 603 44 Branch connections to (b) 43 127 INDEX—PART I

Rule k Clause Page 43 Conducton requiring Identifying marker 45 Current-carrying capacity. Minimum 43 now to be run 43 Service Box. Neutral conductoe from 45 Which conductor to be identified SI Soo also Switches (d) 36 Non-Metallic sheathed cubic work 307 Boon 37 Depth of 37 Fastening required 37 Types required Cable 37 Bending of 37 Continuity of Fastening to boxes 37 38 Fishing of Limitation of use 36 Loop system required 37 Mechanical protection of . 37 Not to be buried 37 37 Support of Where exposed to mechanical injury 37 Conductors. Number In one sheath 36 Fittinn. Types requires 37 Open.wiring. Conditions for UN,. sa Potential. Maximum sa Private residence. Definition of 16 Roof ewes. Cable inaccessible 37 Straps, To fit Cable 37 Unfinished attics, Cable In 37 Object of Rules and Regulations II (hi-filled transformers See Static Condensers 102 Trandormen 23 (a) (b) 69 Open•Bottom Raceways See Underfloor Raceways 136 Open-Wiring 301 28 Conductors Buildings of Mill Construction. In (e) 28 Corrosive action. Tylm.s of to resift ..... 28 Damp places Types of for 28 Dead-ending of 28 Dry place.. Type.Type.for of Spacing for c 28 Supports for. Soaring of 28 Sub-bases. Use of 81) 28 See alwx—Noo-metaWc Sheathed Cable Work 403507 38 Services 25 Where Corrosive Liquids or Vapour' are present 3202 70 Where Excessive Moisture or Vapour is present 3201 79 Operator for Arc Lapp?: See Theatre Installation. for 3302 and 84 Organs See Electrically Operated Organs Ill Ottawa. License required See Radio Installations 3701 (b) 67 Outlet Boxes See Boxes, Outlet It/ Outlet Fittings 47 Signs and Outline Lighting 31101 (b) 93 Outlet Fitting' 701 47 Boxes Junction, Outlet and Pull-In Metal covers for 47 Over 150 cubic Inches In size 47 Thkknew of metal for 47 Flush Switch Plates. Thickness of d) 47 I II CANADIAN ELECTRICAL CODE

Rule & Clause Page Receptacle Plates. Thickness of (d) 47 Outlets SOS 3$ Boren Depth of (e) 38 Where required (d) 38 Conductors Minimum sine for Mogul fittings 3$ Mn).. In lieu of outlet bone :11 38 Mogul sockets. Maximum number of I 3$ Maximum number of 39 Tops. Maximum Mee for Mogul fittings• c) 30 Sas also—Small Isolated Plants 4001 (c) 100 Outlets. Control from more than une point. See Switches 33 Outline Lighting See Signs and Outline Lighting 94 Overhauling Existing Installations 206 20 Overhead Conductors See Conductors. Overhead 119 Overload release devices See Protection of Motors SOS (I) 57 Owners. Duties of 304 10 Pawnee, and Freight Elevator 3101 78 Conductor,. From motor to control panel • 79 On elevator shafts a 71 For lighting cables 70 Signalling a 70 Lighting and control cables of 70 Rotating Electrical Machines. Grounding of 70 Shifting Cable. Grounding or insulating of 1 70 Pendants See Theatre Installation. (C) 90 Permits and Fen 202 19 Permits. For travelling comminies, shows and circuses See Theatre Installations 3901 (d) 96 Petticoat Insulators See Where Corrosive Liquids or Vapours presentsent 3321020(h )) 79 Plans Se Wiring on Esteriors of Buildings 40 Plans and Specifications 203 19 Plates. Flush-switch and receptacle. See Outlet Fitting 701 (d) 47 Plugging Devices 203 (d) 20 Plugs See Garages 33011M 81 Theatre Installations 3903 90 Pockets. Stain and Gallery See Theatre Installations 3905 93 Polarisation of Connections See Garages 3101 (d) II Portable Cord See Heating Appliances 2009 (a) 21 Portable Cords and Cables See Gannon 122 Portable Equipment See Theatre Installations...—. 3909 90 Where Highly Flammable Of Es. plosive Mater:ids are ponent 3203 (d) 80 Potential. Wiring Table for two percent drop in See APPendix 13 109 Potential Coils See Services 27 Potheada. See High Potential Installations 19001% 101 Services 406 (h) 27 Precautions See Safety Precautions 131 Primary Wires See Services 406 (e) 27 Private Residence. Definition of 507 36 Proscenium Side Lights See ?bemire Installation* 133 Protection from Surges See Radio Installations...... 3703 (p 93 Protection (of electrical equipment) 204 20 Protection of Motor Circuits 004 33 Circuit breakers. Setting of, for conductor (c) 55 • INDEX--PART I 170

Rule & Clause Page Conductors. Electrical protection of (c) (el 33-56 Supplying a group of motors. Electrical pro tection of di 36 To one motor, Currentrrying-cs capacity of la (b) 33 Fuse.. Rating of, for Conductors c 33 Reversible Motors Electrical protection of (I) 36 Protection of Motors 803 36 Adjustable-speed motors 116 Spred control by geld negatives (0) 39 CIrcult-breskers Motor-Starter. In lieu of (e) 37 Setting of, for motors over two horsepower t) 37 Use of, as switches 38 Where fuses are not required with. Id) 57 Compensators. Where not required . ) 58 Cut-outs required i!) (f) 56-57 Direct-current motors. When cut-outs required for 0 57 Disconnecting switches. Use of m) 58 Fuses Addition to circuit breakers When not required (d) 57 Rating of, for motors over two horsepower.— (g) 37 Low.voltare release devices Conditions requiring 58 Motor-starters. In lieu of circuit breakers ir:? 57 Overload release device. When cut-out is needed In addition II) 57 Relays. Number required (b) 36 Starting Equipment Requirements for 00 57 Location of 1110 58 Switches Control (I) SR Single-pole, for 2 wire motors 38 Location of 58 Omission of control switch 0) DI Current-carrying capacity of (ts) 58 Thermal Cut.outs for Grouped Motors 1Ca). 37 Number required 56 Trip-Coils. Number required 36 Protective and Control Equipment 801 49 Buildings. Groups of Control of Feeders for (b) 49 Electrical Equipment Protection required 49 Feeders. Control Switch for (41 49 Pull-in Bones See Outlet Fittings 127 Qualified Operators required See Motion Mime 3301 1114 Projectors and Equipment 3502 84 Theatre Installations 3409 (b) 99 Raceways See Signs and Outline Lighting 3801 (I) 95 Raceways See Surface Raceway Work 134 Under600r Raceways 136 Radio Installations General requirements 5701 87 Antennae 87-88: Counterpoises El ctrical Equipment Conformity with other4(c ) to I) e Rules of Code (a) 87 130 CANADIAN ELECTRICAL CODE

Rule & Clause Page Lead-in conductors (g) (h) 88 Limner.. Required from,Ottawa". b) 87 Receiving Station. 3702 PP Antennae (d) (1) 87-88 Battery Chargers it 90 Battery Eliminators 0 90 Battery lead. /im) 90 Circuits Lighting and Power, L'w of a) 85 Conductors Inside buildings, Installation of I) 89 Counterpoises clearance from other win% d) (19 Fuses. for receiving sets. ) 89 Grounding Conductor (k) P9 Switch for Antennae . 89 Lead-in Conductors to g) It-89 Transmitting Station. I'l703 90 Antennae (b) to (h) and (n) 90-92 Countermines (b) (t (e) (f) (h) (n) 90-92 Grounding (d) In) (9) 91-93 Lead-In Conductors ..(b) (c) (e) and 00 to I) 90-91 Lighting and Power Installations, current from(o) 93 Surges, Protection from (p) 93 Switches. Knife For Grounding-conductor (m) 91 Special Ruling 01 Inspection Department required. (a) 90 Urtgrounded metal parts of buildings. Grounding of (d) 91 Receptacle Boxes See Boxes, Receptacle...... 117 Receptacle Plates See Outlet Fittings rot (d) 47 Receptacles Sec Garages 122 Signs and Outline Lighting 3802 95 Small Isolated Plants 4001 (e) 100 Theatre Installation...... 3904 (b) 97 Receptacles, Rosettes and Sockets 2011 73 Floor Receptacles id) 75 Receptacles, Type etc • to d) 73 Rosettes, Fuses forbidden In e) 73 Sockets Key. When not to Install 75 Locating of 73 Rating of 73 Regulators for Arc Lamps &-e Arc Lampe 13 (a) 76 for Mercury Vapour Lamm See Mercury Vapour Lamp... 2014 (a) 76 Relays See Protection of Motors 803 0.) 36 Repairs See Maintenance and Operation... 1001 (d) 106 Residence, Private See Non-metallic Sheathed Cable Work 507 (c) 36 Resistance Device. 20011 72 Installation of r) 72 Conductors for b) 71 I d I Use of. with d) (e) (I) 72-73 Resistance, Insulation See Insulation Resistance 40 Resistance. for Arc Lamp. See Arc Lamp 2013 (a) 76 For Mercury Vapour Lamps See Mercury Vapour lamps 2014 (a) 76 Resuscitation. Display of rules for See Maintenance and Operation ...... 7001 (I) 106 Instructions for See Appendix C 110 Reversible Motors See Protection of Motor Chrults 1304 (f) 56 Rheostats See Motion Picture Studio. 3401 (h) 83 Roof Spaces See Non.metallic Sheathed Cable Work 507 (i) 35 11P INDEX—PART 1

( Rule a Clause POP Ronetles Set Receptacles. Amite. and Sockets LW Rotating Electrical Machinery 2002 SO Electrical Machinery. Rotating Locating of I.) (b) 64 Insulation of frames from ground 64 Elevator,, Grain, Motors In re ag Flour Mills. Motor. in to 611 Generators Locating of (b) 611 Nameplates for 611 Insulation of frames from ground r. M Grain Elevators. Motors In 60 Insulation, rotating electrical machinery from ground all Mills. Hour, Motors In 4 sa Motors Above 2500 volts, Amenability of u Exported to combustible dust e GI Insulation of frame. from ground c es Metal trays under es Nameplates for ea Nameplate.. For Rotating electrical machinery WM/ Trays, Metal. Under motors ila 'Wood Use of, to insulate frame. from ground 64 Roe also IC? kfotion Picture Studios ..Slot • al Motion Picture Projector. and Equipment 3302 ) 113 Passenger and Freight Elevators 3101 t ) 111 Ruling of Inspection Department See Radio Innen- rations 3703 (a) 00 Running-boards See Mechanical ProtecUon of Con- ductors 603 (a) 43 Safety Precautions See Maintenance and Operation 7001 (e) (d) 106 Scope and General Arrangement of Ruin and Regulations 11 Service Bows See Neutral Conductors 603 (b) 44 Services 1 12 Service boxes, Extra. required in Theatres. See Theatre installations ...3901 (b) 07 Service Conductors See Sell/Kee 131 Service Conductor, and Conduit 403 10 Service Conductors for ranges See Heating Appliances 2000 (f) 73 Servlors 403 (a) 23 Service Fittings See Benign, 401 (0) 15 Services Section 4 14 Armoured Cable 403 23 For Service Conductors above ground 403 (e) 26 Conductors. Service Current carrying capacity, Minimum.. 403 (a) 15 Open-wiring, type for. 40.3 (b) 23 Overhead Special perminion for use of inding.in device. 406 (c) 27 To be Inaccessible 406 (C) 27 Pothead. for 406 (b) 27 Primary wire. m 406 (e) 27 Protection. Mechanical and Electrical—where lead sheathing end. 406 27 Service boa to meter 403 26 TypeTr to use 406 27 Underground, from • pole line 406 tb 26 Ungrounded. Automatic electrical protection 4406 (1) 27 tor • 132 CANADIAN ELECTRICAL CODE

Rule 6 Clause Page 3A'Iring method High Potential 406 M 27 Lou Potent ial 36 Conduit. Service Draining of 106 (b) 36 For service conductors above mound 403 e) 26 Minimum size of 4411 c) 23 To contain conductors of one service only 403 cl 25 Cut-outs. Arr....able to comumer. 401 b) 24 Designation of, if more than one 404 a) 26 Fitting Service Locution of 403 I.! 25 Weatherproof type required 25 From different sources 401 c) 21 From electric railway system. 404 e) 26 Grouping of 404 ) 26 Live parts Guarding of 401 (d) 21 Meters Accessibility 2 7 Connection of 401 Ri 24 LocatingLoca 415 (laci) (b 26-177 Potential coils. Connection of Protection Electrical 465 27 Mechanical 405 ) 27 ., Overhead Services. Number to anyone budding 404 ) 26 - Protective device. Connection of 401 (b) 24 Service Bones Accessibility 403 25 Contractor's acme to be on 402 25 Labelling M 401 24 Locating 402 25 Omission of main box 401 24 Required 401 24 Sealing or locking and opening of 401 24 Use of more than one boa 401 (f) 24 Sub-division of two-, and three-phase 401 00 24 Switches. Service a Connection of 401 24 Disconnecting witches, use of with 406 27 On primaryprima wires to be operable by consumer 406 e 27 Aso also—Use of Metal Conduit or Armoured Cable 512 40 Service, Standby, for Emergency Lights See Theatre L ntat6onns 3902 (d) 96 Service SwItchn See Services 132 Shifting See Passenger snd Freight Elevators 3101 (f) 78 Shock, Instruction. for Resuscitation from See A pendia C 110 Shows, Permits for See Theatre Installations...... 3901 (d) 96 Signalling Conductors See Passenger and Freight Elevators 3101 (e) 78 Signs and Outline Lighting General requirements 3801 94 Cabinets or boon, Weatherproof 95 Circuits, Electrical protection of ?1)') 94 Conductor., Type permitted b) (4) 94 94 Enclosures. Weatherproof ) Leads. Cabling and bushing of ) 94 Outline Lighting, Clearance overhead Con- d uctors (g) 94 INDEX-PART I 133

Rule & Clause Page Potential. Maximum permitted ...... 00 94 Raceways Use of, forbidden (1) 95 Signs Construction of to (j) 94 Channee from overhead conductors...... 94 Wiring, Sub-division of circuits . 94 Outline Lighting 93 Conductors. Spacing 04..... ...... di (I) (a) (h) 94 Flexible tubing . d 94 Outlet boxes,t he of 94 Receptacles eil) 94 Type and Installation of 94 Sockets. Types to use 94 Troughs Metal, Use of ...... • c) 94 Wiring, Types to me 11a4 95 Sleeves, Iron pipe See Mechanical Protection of Conductors 605 00 (h) 45-46 Slow•burning covering See Conductor 601 (e) 4/ Small Isolated Plants 4001 100 Battery rooms, Ventilation of 0) 1 00 Conducto.rs Minimum size 100 Devices. Current-consuming. Maximum rating.... e 100 Fumes Maximum rating CO Ito Outlets, Maximum number. e 100 Receptacles. Minimum rating ...... a 100 1 00 Sockets See Motion Picture Studios...... al ibiei) 83 Signs and Outline Lighting 3803 0 U) 93 Connection of wrest shells of Fixtures 2010 ) 74 For gas•filled incandement lamps. Gas 2013 co Filled Incandescent lamps 73 Keylem Where Highly Flammable or Explosive Materials are present ..... .3203 00 SO Keyless and Weatherproof Where Escesidve Moisture or Vapour Is present...... 3201 (e) 79 Mogul Outlets...... -305 (5) HI Rating of Small Isolated Plants .4001 (a) (b) 100 Solid Knobs See Supporting of Conductors.... -606 (e) (d) 43 Special Installations and Equipment ...... 108 21 Special Ruling of Inspection Department See Radio sp,difimmutittiionsee. 3703 (a) 90 Wiring nii 'uter i.. of BuUdings• • :60405101 (4) 40 Specifications, Plans and 203 19 Splice. See Conductors 42 Split Knobs 302 28 Supporting of Conductor... (b) 45 Standby Service. See Service. Standby...... 132 Stage and Gallery Pockets See Theatre Installations- .3905 98 Stage Flues See Theatre Installations. 3911 99 Starting Equipment See Protection of Motors...... 129 Rorie Batteries 2006 71 Conducturs, Protection against corrosion •315 73 Locating of 71 Mounting of 71 Ventilation of room. for ;.1 71 Straps See Nonmetallic sheathed Cable Work 0/ (h) 37 String or Festooned Lights See Theatre Installationa 3907 99 Strips See Theatre Installations 3904 (f) 98 Sub-blues See Open-Wiring 301 (g) 28 Si••••••••••• ' .....I ...y5t1. tors 604 44 1 Imitator. (a) (d) 44-43 IN. 134 CANADIAN ELECTRICAL CODE

Rule & Clause Page Knob. and cleats. Screws to be used for (c) 43 Solid knob. for 43 Knobs. Limitation of use c)) Id) 45 Tie Wires. Insulation on bc) 43 Surface Raceway Work 03 33 Backing. Securing of (d) 33 Circuit., Maximum fusing of 33 Conductors Of one circuit to be in one raceway (1) 33 No joint within raceway h) 33 In one raceway. Maximum die and number of g) 33 Type to uuse 33 Enamel, Removal of J 3 Fittings, Securing of ee 33 Locations, Prohibited c 33 Multiple-channel raceways Communication Systems in 34 Type 34 Potential. Mazirnum ilf) 33 Raceways. Electrical continuity of 33 Mechanical protection of .13 Passing through walla Ili 33 Wood moulding. Prohibited 33 Surges, Protection from See Radio Installations 43 (p) 93 Switchboards 2005 70 BUS, bars Ampere rating of (k) 71 Hee of bare (d) 71 Circuits. Identification of 1 71 Clearance from ceiling 71 Construction of 70 Installation of 70 Instrument wiring Minimum sloe of a 71 Lighting of 71 Locating and guarding 71 Shock. Precaution against I (h) 71 Space behind 71 &a ago—Mechanical Protection of Conductors... c CO 43 Theatre Installations 135 Switch Boxes See Bonn Switch 117 Switches $03 53 Accessibility fit) 53 Branch Circuits. Twomire, do le-pole switches foe (d) 53 Cut-outs and switches when used together. How to connect 53 Double-throw switch s. Design of 53 Enclosed ...Itches. Externally operative type.— 53 Grounded circuit. Switch.. on 53 Knife Switches Barriers for 35 Break distances for 53-53 How to connect c 53 Mounting of b 53 Quick-break. Where required. 51 Spacing for 53-55 Neutral conductor Single-pole switch not to be used for (d) Outlets Controlled from more than one point. 53 Connectors for (f) 53 INDEX—PART I 133

Rule & Clause Page Us also--Control and Protection of Generator@ 806 (a) 59 Protection of Motors 129 Where Eacessive Moisture or Vapour Is present 3201 (d) 79 Switches, Control See Heating Appliances 73 Switches. Disconnecting See Disconnecting Switches 2009 (C) 120 Switches. Knife, for grounding Conductor See Radio Installations 3703 (m) 92 Switches. Service See Services 133 Tables Conductor@ Allowable continuous current-carrying capacity of 1102 0 30-51 Flexible Cord, Types for certain uses 42-42 Insulation ft-Metzner—ohms 6051211 al 40 No. and location of overload protective devices 83:23 (lio 32 Separation of, in n-wiri 301 (c) 2/1 Support of, In vertical conduit 32 Electric Cranes and Hoists Slated collector whys for various spans 3002 (d) 77 Groundi ng Conductor to be grounded 902 (a) 60 Minimum size of service grounding-conductor. and of water pipe to whkh grounding con- dortor may be connected 908 (h 64-65 &se of Grounding-conductor 64 Knobs. Dimensions of 9°8302 (C$ JO Protection of Motors Number of overload trip-coils, relays or thermal cutouts . 905 (b) 56 Rating or setting of cutout for 805 (g) 37 Switches Spacings a break distances for, Tables (I) 53-53 Tube', Dimensions of 6 (2) r02 III 30 Wiring for two per cent drop In potential See App. B 109 Tape See Conductors 601 b (d) 42 Terminals. Strain on See Conductors 601(d ) 42 Testing See Insulation Resiatance 40 Maintenance and Operationm, 70011 (h) 106 Theatre Installations 96 Curtain Motors 3910 (a) 99 Dressing Rooms 3908 (a) (b) (c) 99 Emergency Lights 3902 96 Circuits for 96 Control and protection a ICI 96 Standby Service 96 Supply for 96 Wattage pet unit area 96 MUM on Scenery 3906 (a) 98-99 Footlights, Border.. Proscenium Side-lights and Bunches 3906 97 Borders Cables for 98 Construction 98 Suspension of e 98 Conductors for 98 Construction 97 Pendants. Wire guards for a 98 Receptacles, Clearance of terminals for 11:1)01 97 Strips. Construction of 98 General requirements te Electrical Equipment. AccessibUlt, 96 parts. Not to be exposed g3 96 136 CANADIAN ELECTRICAL CODE Rule k Clause Page Travelling companies. Shows and Circuses Wiring.Permits Methods for permitted A09 ) 96 PortableFlexible Equipment Conductors ... L 99 Operator required for Arc lamps...... ) 99 StageTypes and Gallery permitted Pockets a) 9899 Pockets. General requirements for (a) (17) (c) and (e) 99 HogePlugs. Hues Non-interchansesbility of (d) 911 Dampen 3911 (a) 99 Spin" or Festooned Lights 3907 (a) (b) 99 Switchboards 3903 97 Type of, and overhead protection for 97 Service boxes. Extra, required 97 Dimmers, Connecting of ll:} 97 Thermal Cutouts See Protection of Motors 129 TieTransformers Winn See Supporting of Conductor 6042003 (c) 6949 Dry-core type. Locating of (e) (d) 69 Bell-ringingcertain and Instrument. Riles mot to apply to$11(e) 69 type. Locating of 69 Us also—Control and Protection of Generators.. ro.(11.8 59 Static Condemn. 5002 102 Tnwnsformer % auks .2001 69 ConstructionConfining oil Inof lcdni 6970 Drainingisolation of (by Flredoor) d) 70 LightingLocking of of a)f) 70 i VentilationTo be used forof no other purpose g)) 6970 Travellingstallationa Companies, Permits for See Theatre In- (d) 96 Trip-coils See Cut-outs 502 (ki 32 Troughs See SienaProtection and Outline of )loton Lighting 11033802 (b ( ) (c) 9336 Tubing, Flexible See Flnible Tubing 5038026 (d) 93 Usdadoor Raceway 34 AlignmentBoxes, Junction. of Outlet and Receptacle. Pro-(4) 34 Conductors.vision for mounding of (k) 33 Limitation of fusing for (i) 35 NoMaximum Joints numberwithin mewl,of q)o) 36 OfType one for circuit open-bottom to be in one foreseen raceway . r) 33 Type 70 usrn e ,,, i n 36 il 36 Continuity.Connection toMechanical digribution and centre electrical or wall outlets 33 ermines.Corrosion .Avoidance Protection offrom. 3433 DrainageDead-ends. Termination of rieri 3433 Fittings. Special, when required I) 33 Inserts and Outlets. Installation of ) GM 33 • INDEX—PART I 137

Rule & Clause Page Installation. Method of 34 Joints. Waterproofing or (b) 34 Junction boxes. Grounding of. PeovonfiI f. 33 Proper used •• is? 36 Spacing a t 36 Metal. Minimum thickness of u) 36 Multiple-channel raceway. Communication systems in (m) 33 Type 3(a) 3 Open-bottom raceway.. Limitations of use gl (c) 34 Method of Installation 34 Outlets. Installation of Marna and 81 (h) 33 Potential. Maximum Q) 33 U Cannot of atructund authorities required for (b) 34 Limitations of (a) 34 Underground Conductors See Conductors. Underground 119 Underground Conduit and ducts See Mechanical Pro- tect Ion of Conductors 603 46 Ungrounded Conductors See Cutout. 302 t) 49 Ungrounded metal pads of buildings, Grounding of See Radio Installations 3703 (d) 91 Unused ends, !mutating of See Conductor, 601 (b) 42 Use of Metal Conduit or Armoured Cable 312 (a) 40 Variable-speed motors See Protection of Motors 303 (0) 39 Vaults See Transformer Vault, 136 Voltage See High Potential and Low Potential 123 & 123 Wattage per unit area See Emergency Lights. 3902 (e) 96 Where Corrosive Liquids or Vapours are Prevent 3202 79 Electrical Equipment Construction of 79 Imulators, Petticoat. Um of F 79 Oren-whing. Separation of conductors 79 Where Excessive Moisture or Vapour is Present 201 79 Armoured Cable. Lead sheathed 79 Cabinet. (b) (I) 79 Conductors. Drip-loops on (a) 79 For sockets 79 Electrical Equipment a ) 79 Screws (or . (b 79 Guard Strip. CO 79 Metal conduit. Useof 79 Watertight loin,. M 79 Open-wiring, Use of (9) 79 Sockets Keyless and Weatherproof 79 Split Knobs. Um prohibited 79 Switches.s Locating d) 79 Wooden boxing, For conductors g) 79 Where Highly Flammable or Explosive Materials are present 3203 30 Electrical Equipment Construction of $0 Incandescent lamp. 30 Metal Conduit Used ill/ 30 Portable Equipment Conditions for use of (e) 30 138 CANADIAN ELECTRICAL, CODE

Rule & Clause Page Sockets. Keykse. Types not to use (d) 80 Wires. See Cohducton, and also Cables 118-119 Wiring See Eloctrically Operated Organ. 3601 (h) 86 Garages 3301 (b) 81 Signs and Outline Lighting 3801 0 94 Wiring. Instrument See Switchboards 2003 k) 71 Wiring. Methods permitted See Theatre Installations 3901 c) 96 Services 401(d) 406 (a) 26-27 High Potential Metal- &lions p(21.1 (.) (b) (c) I 01 Motion Picture Studio. 34U1 (a) 8.1 Wiring on E-tenor of Buildinp 310 39 Conductors On or near to buildings. Installation of (a) 39 Mechanical protection of, near awnings or other movable objects (a) 39 Run over buildings re 40 Support of, exposed to the weather 19 Plans required tt 40 Specifications required d 40 Wiring. Open. See Open-wiring I17 Wiring Table for two per cent drop In potential See Appendix B 109 Wiring, Types to use See Sign. and Outline Lighting 3801 (a) 9 i Wooden-boxing See Mechanical Protection of Con- 60.5 (s) 45 Where Excessive Moisture or Vapour Is present— 3201 (g) 79 Wood. for pluming 205 (c) 20 Wood-Moulding See Surface Raceway Work 301 (a) 33 Working space See Installation of Electrical Machinery 2001 (a) 68 Workmanglip. Good 205 (0) 20 CANADIAN ENGINEERING STANDARDS ASSOCIATION Ito

SUSTAINING MEMBERS

1927•

Algoma Steel Corporation. Ltd. Lymght Dominion Sheet Metal Babcock-Wile. & Goldie-McCulloch Corpn. Ltd. Ltd. McClary Manufacturing Co. Baines & David. Ltd. McFarlane-Douala. Co. Ltd. Bell Telephone Company of Canada Manitoba Rolling Mill Co. Ltd. Maritime Telegraph & Telephone John Bertram & Sons Company Ltd. Co. Ltd. British Columbia Cement Co. Ltd. Massey Harris Co. Ltd. Burlington Steel Co. Limited Metal Shingle & Siding Co. Ltd. Canada Cement Company. Ltd. Metallic Roofing Co. of Canada Ltd. Canada Wire & Cable Co. Ltd. Montreal Light, Heat & Power Co. Canadian Acme Screw & Gear Ltd. Robert Mitchell Co. Limited Canadian B. idge Co.. Limited Montreal Locomotive Works. Ltd. Canadian Car & Foundry Co. Ltd. Northern Bolt Screw & Wire Co. Ltd. Canadian Drawn Steel Co. Limited Northern Electric Co. Ltd. Canadian General Electric Co. Ltd. Ottawa Electric & Ottawa Can Companies. Canadian Inspection & Tenting Co. Ltd. Page lieney Tubes, Ltd. Canadian Laco Lamps Limited Peckover's Limited Canadian National Railways Pedlar People Ltd. Canadian Pacific Railway Company Eugene F. Phillips Electrical Works Canadian Steel & Wire Co. Ltd. Ltd. Pratt & Whitney Co. of Canada Ltd. Canadian Tube & Steel Products Co. Ltd. Price Bros. & Co. Ltd. Canadian Westinghouse Company Roofers Supply Co. Ltd. Ltd. St. Mary's Cement Co. Ltd. B. J. Coghlin & Co. Ltd. Samuel & Benjamin. Ltd. Dominion Alloy Steel Corp., Ltd. Sangamo Electric Co. of Canada. Ltd. Dominion Bridge Company, Ltd. Shawinigan Water & Power Co. Dominion Foundries & Steel. Ltd. Sheet Metal Products Co. of Canada, Ferranti Electric Limited Ltd. Foundation Co. of Canada Ltd. Sok: Company, Limited From. Steel & Wire Company. Ltd. Steel Company of Canada. Ltd. Galt An Metal Co. Ltd. Stowell Screw Co. Limited. Hamilton Bridge Works Co. Ltd. B. & S. H. Thompson & Co. Limited Robt. W. Hunt & Co. Ltd. Valiance, Brown & Co. Limited. Imperial Oil Limited Wheeler & Bain, Limited A. C. Leslie & Co. Ltd. Willn-Overland Limited E. Leonard & Sons Limited Wood, Alexander & James, Limited.

Mu at Sept. 24th, 1927.