Arguments for and Against Killing: an Analytical Study
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NOW Is Time to Address Dementia
The Human Right To A Death With Dignity Special Edition FEN responds in hour of crises VOL 19 • NO 2 SPRING 2020 NOW is time to address dementia Final Exit Network has created surrounding the explosion in a new Advance Directive designed Alzheimer’s and other forms of to prevent dying people from being dementia, because no state that offers force fed against their wishes – Medical Aid in Dying accommodates even if suffering from dementia. patients who are not “of sound mind” What’s more, FEN will go to court when it is time to receive assistance. in an effort to set a legal precedent Now there is a second, more ensuring that VSED (Voluntarily pressing crisis: COVID-19. The Stopping Eating and Drinking) is specter of a ventilator is now reality always available to those who sign for many of us who were already the Supplemental Advance Directive concerned about how we would die. for Dementia Care. FEN is stepping up in this time This document, and the drive to of dual crises, and this edition of the make it legally binding, has been magazine is keenly focused on on our agenda for some time. We what we all need to know. recognized the growing crisis – Brian Ruder, FEN President Life (and death) in the time of COVID-19 By Lowrey Brown words apply equally well when applied to laws FEN Client Services Director and social customs that would rob so many of The title is hardly original wordplay at the right to shape how their life stories end. -
The Court Upholds a State Law Prohibiting Physician-Assisted Suicide
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 88 Article 3 Issue 3 Spring Spring 1998 The ourC t Upholds A State Law Prohibiting Physician-Assisted Suicide Brett einbF erg Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Brett einbeF rg, The ourC t Upholds A State Law Prohibiting Physician-Assisted Suicide, 88 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 847 (Spring 1998) This Supreme Court Review is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. 0091-4169/98/8803-0847 THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINALLAW & CRIMINOLOGY Vol. 88, No. 3 Copyrght © 1998 by Northwestern University, School of Law Printed in U.S.A. THE COURT UPHOLDS A STATE LAW PROHIBITING PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE Vacco v. Quill, 117 S. Ct. 2293 (1997) I. INTRODUCTION In Vacco v. Quill,' the United States Supreme Court ad- dressed whether a terminally ill person has a constitutionally protected right to commit suicide with the assistance of a physi- cian.2 The Court held that state laws prohibiting physician- assisted suicide are constitutionally permissible since they do not violate the Equal Protection Clause.3 In making its decision, the Court determined that the right to die with assistance is not a fundamental right.4 The Court -
Evolutionary Psychological Pers
AN EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON FILICIDE AND FILICIDE-SUICIDE by Viviana A. Weekes A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Charles E. Schmidt College of Science in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, Florida August 2011 Copyright by Viviana A. Weekes 2011 ii AN EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON FILICIDE AND FILICIDE-SUICIDE by Viviana A. Weekes This dissertation was prepared under the direction of the candidate's dissertation advisor, Dr. David Bjorklund, Department of Psychology, and has been approved by the members of her supervisory committee. It was submitted to the faculty of the Charles E. Schmidt College of Science and was accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree ofDoctor ofPhilosophy. EE: Charles White, Ph.D. Gary W. Perr Dean, The Charles E. Sch (It College of Science 7/7//1 JSr 7'7:L...- ~ . Barry T. Rosson, Ph.D. Date Dean, Graduate College iii1Il ABSTRACT Author: Viviana A. Weekes Title: An Evolutionary Psychological Perspective on Filicide and Filicide-Suicide Institution: Florida Atlantic University Dissertation Advisor: Dr. David Bjorklund Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Year: 2011 This dissertation focuses on using one tangible component of filicide, the method or weapon used by a parent to kill a child, as a means by which to understand parental psychology. An evolutionary psychological perspective (e.g., Buss, 2004; Bjorklund & Pellegrini, 2002; Daly & Wilson, 1988; Tooby & Cosmides, 1992) can provide insight into our understanding of filicide. Questions that have not been asked by previous researchers may come to the fore by using an evolutionary perspective as a guide for investigating filicide and its surrounding circumstances and contexts. -
The Right to Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia
THE RIGHT TO ASSISTED SUICIDE AND EUTHANASIA NEIL M. GORSUCH* I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................ 600 I. THE COURTS ............................................................. 606 A. The Washington Due Process Litigation............ 606 1. The Trial Court ...................... 606 2. The Ninth Circuit Panel Decision ............. 608 3. The En Banc Court ...................................... 609 B. The New York Equal ProtectionLitigation ........ 611 1. The Trial Court ........................................... 611 2. The Second Circuit ..................................... 612 C. The Supreme Court............................................. 613 1. The Majority Opinion ................................. 614 2. The Concurrences ....................................... 616 D. The Consequences ofGlucksberg and Quill .... 619 III. ARGUMENTS FROM HISTORY ................................... 620 A. Which History?................................................... 620 B. The Ancients ....................................................... 623 C. Early Christian Thinkers .................................... 627 D. English Common Law ......................................... 630 E. ColonialAmerican Experience........................... 631 F. The Modern Consensus: Suicide ........................ 633 G. The Modern Consensus: Assisting Suicide and Euthanasia.......................................................... 636 IV. ARGUMENTS FROM FAIRNESS .................................. 641 A . Causation........................................................... -
When the Victim Is a Woman
Chapter Four 113 When the Victim is a Woman he demographics of armed violence are and suffering, especially given that violence T often described in general terms. Men— against women seldom occurs as an isolated especially young men—are determined incident. It is often the culmination of escalating to be most likely to kill and be killed. Women, it aggressions that in some cases lead to fatal out- is often said, are affected in different ways: as comes. Moreover, when a woman is killed, there victims, survivors, and often as single heads of are also frequently indirect casualties; perpetra- households. Yet on closer inspection these crude tors sometimes commit suicide while also taking WHEN THE VICTIM IS A WOMAN generalizations are found wanting. This chapter the lives of others, including children, witnesses, unpacks global patterns of armed violence directed and bystanders. Many women who endure abusive against women. It focuses on ‘femicide’—the and violent relationships also commit suicide in killing of a woman—as well as sexual violence order to end their misery. The sharp increase in committed against women during and following reported suicide and self-immolation among Afghan 1 armed conflict. women is attributed to severe forms of psycho- logical, physical, and sexual violence, including 2 Men generally represent a disproportionately forced marriage (MOWA, 2008, pp. 12–13). high percentage of the victims of homicide, while 3 women constitute approximately 10 per cent of The violent killing of any individual is a tragedy 4 homicide victims in Mexico, 23 per cent in the with traumatic knock-on effects; it generates far- United States, and 29 per cent in Australia (INEGI, reaching repercussions that reflect the victim’s 5 2009; FBI, 2010; ABS, 2009). -
Responding to Murder Suicide and Suicide Clusters
Responding to murder suicide and suicide clusters Guidance document April 2011 Final Version - 18 April 2011GD 1 Contents 1. Foreword 2. Executive Summary 3. Background: rationale membership 4. Prevention – key elements 5. Murder Suicide & Suicide Clusters – some definitions 6. Suicide Mortality 7. Research evidence 8. Learning from our own and others’ experience 9. Guidance for the management of suicide and suicide clusters at local HSE level. 10. Implementing the Plan 11. Role of the media 12. Appendices Appendix 1 – National Working Group Terms of Reference and Membership Appendix 2 - Media guidelines for reporting suicide Appendix 3 – Websites and information resources. Final Version - 18 April 2011GD 2 1. Foreword Suicide remains a significant public health issue in Ireland. However in the last few years in Ireland the relatively rare events of murder suicide and suicide clusters have become more prevalent. When such events occur they have often attracted high profile media coverage. There is therefore a need for a consistent and coordinated health and social care response. This guidance document is designed to be an accessible resource for local service managers when responding to such tragic events as murder-suicide and suicide clusters. Murder suicides occur when one person, or persons, kill others and then take their own lives. Suicide clusters emerge when a number of apparent suicides, which may appear to be unrelated, occur in a particular area over a particular time period and have common or similar method. These are sometimes referred to as ‘copycat’ suicides. Whilst the HSE has a significant and often lead role to play there are many other organisations, both statutory and voluntary, which can make an important contribution. -
Mass Murder in the 21St Century
Mass Murder in the 21st Century: From Assumptions to Truths Meredith L. Ille 3 Acknowledgements For my dear Mother, Mary Lou Ille, my best friend and staunchest supporter. There are not enough words to express my gratitude and love. For my thesis committee members: Chairperson Dr. Shawna Cleary, for inspiring this thesis and seeing it through to the end; Dr. Elizabeth Maier, for taking the time and having such patience; And Dr. Burle Steelman, for his willingness to help and going above and beyond the call of duty. 4 Table of Contents Abstract 5 Introduction 6 Literature Review 9 Hypotheses 39 Methods 40 Results 43 Discussion 50 Conclusions 57 References 59 5 Abstract Mass murder is the killing of four or more people in one incident. There is a national lack of awareness of the most predominant type of mass murder. This thesis hypothesized that the majority of mass murders in the United States are mass murder familicides. It is further hypothesized that most mass murder familicides are committed by Caucasian men in their 30s and 40s. Data from two sources were used: the USA Today Behind the Bloodshed database, and the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report Supplementary Homicide Report (SHR) for the years 2006- 2016. It was also necessary to use supplemental data from media accounts where data was missing or in doubt. Mass murder familicides were tallied from both databases. They were then categorized to determine if mass murder familicide was the most common form of mass murder, testing hypothesis one. Ages and race of offenders were then tallied to determine support for hypothesis two, that most offenders were Caucasian and in their 30s and 40s. -
ING DEATH: Medical Aid-In-Dying and the Morality of Suicide
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY AUTHOR(IZ)ING DEATH: Medical Aid-in-Dying and the Morality of Suicide ANITA HANNIG Brandeis University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4733-0392 On October 27, 2015, the Massachusetts Joint Committee on Public Health held a hearing at the State House in Boston to discuss a new bill that would enable terminally ill patients to end their life by ingesting a lethal medication prescribed by their physician. At the hearing, opponents of the proposed bill invited testi- monies by those who had lost someone to suicide or who had been active in sui- cide-prevention organizations. That is why Pauline Mars, an elderly resident from North Grafton, got up to speak. Some forty-two years ago, her husband had shot himself in the head in their bedroom, leaving behind Mars and their four children. “On that Sunday afternoon, our lives were shattered and changed forever. I was the widow of suicide. My children were the children of suicide,” she testified. “Suicide does not eliminate suffering; it causes unbearable, unending pain.” Two hours later, Mary Hoge, an elder law attorney from Medfield, warned legislators: “If you pass this law, you will redefine a tragedy and call it a medical procedure. You will call death just another choice. We all know suicide has been considered a sad conse- quence of depression, loneliness, fear, and desperation. Suicide of any kind is a result of a mind in turmoil, an act of a person who feels unloved and abandoned. Can we legislate love and accompaniment instead?” CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Vol. 34, Issue 1, pp. -
Protecting Patients' Autonomy: Supporting the “Right to Die”
Sound Decisions: An Undergraduate Bioethics Journal Volume 1 Issue 1 Article 2 2015-5 Protecting Patients’ Autonomy: Supporting the “Right to Die” Nick Lyon Follow this and additional works at: https://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/sounddecisions Part of the Bioethics and Medical Ethics Commons Recommended Citation Lyon, Nick (2015) "Protecting Patients’ Autonomy: Supporting the “Right to Die”," Sound Decisions: An Undergraduate Bioethics Journal: Vol. 1 : Iss. 1 , Article 2. Available at: https://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/sounddecisions/vol1/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Publications at Sound Ideas. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sound Decisions: An Undergraduate Bioethics Journal by an authorized editor of Sound Ideas. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Lyon: Protecting Patients’ Autonomy Protecting Patients’ Autonomy: Supporting the “Right to Die” By Nicholas Lyon As medical techniques have increased in complexity, death can be delayed more and more, and the debate over euthanasia has become increasingly important. Patients with chronic ailments such as AIDS or cancer can now receive treatments that allow them to survive for far longer than what was possible even only a few decades ago. Through the use of modern genetic analysis tools, companies like 23andMe have allowed people of all ages to know what diseases and infirmities they are prone to long before the onset of symptoms. Despite these advancements however, society’s definition of “survive” remains purely having the body’s mechanical processes continue, and fails to incorporate the patient’s suffering and quality of life into the discussion. Due to the intrinsically subjective nature of such complaints from a patient, the critical factor to be considered in the ethics of requests to die will be how the patient views their suffering and quality of life, not the observations of third parties. -
Circumstances Preceding Homicide-Suicides Involving Child Victims: a Qualitative Analysis
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE HHS Public Access provided by CDC Stacks Author manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author J Interpers Manuscript Author Violence. Author Manuscript Author manuscript; available in PMC 2019 February 01. Published in final edited form as: J Interpers Violence. 2018 February ; 33(3): 379–401. doi:10.1177/0886260515605124. Circumstances Preceding Homicide-Suicides Involving Child Victims: A Qualitative Analysis Kristin M. Holland, Ph.D., M.P.H.1, Sabrina V. Brown, Dr.P.H.2, Jeffrey E. Hall, Ph.D., M.S.P.H., C.P.H.1, and Joseph E. Logan, Ph.D.1 1Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 2University of Kentucky, Department of Epidemiology, Lexington, KY Abstract Homicide-suicide incidents involving child victims can have a detrimental impact on survivors of the violence, family members and friends of the decedents, and other community members, but the rare occurrence of these acts makes using quantitative data to examine their associated antecedents challenging. Therefore, using qualitative data from the 2003–2011 National Violent Death Reporting System, we examined 175 cases of homicide-suicide involving child victims in an effort to better understand the complex situational factors of these events. Our findings indicate that 98% of homicide-suicides with child victims are perpetrated by adults (mostly parents) and propelled by the perpetrators’ intimate partner problems, mental health problems, and criminal/legal problems. These events are often premeditated, and plans for the violence are sometimes disclosed prior to its occurrence. -
Suicide in Asia: Opportunities and Challenges
Epidemiologic Reviews Vol. 34, 2012 ª The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxr025 All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected]. Advance Access publication: December 7, 2011 Suicide in Asia: Opportunities and Challenges Ying-Yeh Chen, Kevin Chien-Chang Wu, Saman Yousuf, and Paul S. F. Yip* * Correspondence to Dr. Paul S. F. Yip, Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China (e-mail: [email protected]). Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/epirev/article/34/1/129/498617 by guest on 29 September 2021 Accepted for publication September 8, 2011. Asian countries account for approximately 60% of the world’s suicides, but there is a great mismatch in the region between the scale of the problem and the resources available to tackle it. Despite certain commonalities, the continent itself is culturally, economically, and socially diverse. This paper reviews current epidemiologic patterns of suicide, including suicide trends, sociodemographic factors, urban/rural living, suicide methods, sociocultural religious influences, and risk and protective factors in Asia, as well as their implications. The observed epidemiologic distributions of suicides reflect complex interplays among the traditional value/culture system, rapid economic transitions under market globalization, availability/desirability of suicide methods, and sociocultural permission/ prohibitions regarding suicides. In general, compared with Western countries, Asian countries still have a higher average suicide rate, lower male-to-female suicide gender ratio, and higher elderly-to-general-population suicide ratios. The role of mental illness in suicide is not as important as that in Western countries. -
Algorithm Characterization of Suicide: Introducing an Informative Categorization System
Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2016 September; 10(3):e4544. doi: 10.17795/ijpbs-4544. Published online 2016 August 15. Commentaries Algorithm Characterization of Suicide: Introducing an Informative Categorization System Mohsen Rezaeian,1,* and Mehran Zarghami2,3 1Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Occupational Environmental Research Center, Rafsanjan Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, IR Iran 2Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Sari, IR Iran 3Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Sari, IR Iran *Corresponding author: Mohsen Rezaeian, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Occupational Environmental Research Center, Rafsanjan Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-3434331315, E-mail: [email protected] Received 2014 October 31; Revised 2015 April 11; Accepted 2015 October 29. 1. Introduction of integration of individual into the society’. Altruistic sui- cide in which the ‘individual is highly integrated into the The world health organization (WHO) has estimated society’. Anomic suicide, which results from ‘lack of regu- that each year nearly one million people die from suicide. lation of the individual by the society’ and finally,Fatalistic Moreover, up to twenty million people carry out suicide at- Suicide, in which ‘an individual’s attitudes and values are tempts annually. The WHO also reported that all through highly regulated by the society’ (3). the world and within the last 45 years, suicide rates have Durkheim’s theory was based on a careful geographi- increased by 60%, mostly among young people (1). cal observation of suicide rates over a long time period (4) When we are dealing with a rising phenomenon like and is used to predict associations between suicide rates suicide, which is a very complicated act and can emerge and social indicators (5).