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Las Migraciones Ítalo—Rioplatenses Memoria Cultural, Literatura Y Territorialidades ADRIANA CRISTINA CROLLA (Directora)

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Las Migraciones Ítalo—Rioplatenses Memoria Cultural, Literatura Y Territorialidades ADRIANA CRISTINA CROLLA (Directora) Las migraciones ítalo—rioplatenses Memoria cultural, literatura y territorialidades ADRIANA CRISTINA CROLLA (directora) La Red Interuniversitaria (PPUA V°) de la cual esta publicación es resultado, abordó las migraciones ítalo—rioplatenses a partir de una idea de territorialidad y direccionalidad ampliada y dual: desde y hacia la península itálica con la región del Río de la Plata y con la zona cultural y geohistórica que esta misma conforma. La red entre tres universidades (dos de la región y una italiana) aunó esfuerzos conjuntos y articuló recorridos ya en curso. En el conjunto, y desde los «bordes» de la Historia, la Literatura, la Sociología, el Arte, los discursos de la Memoria y la documentación archivístico—bibliográca, el contenido del libro demuestra la vigencia de relaciones que desde la localidad, proponen diálogos intelectuales sobre una problemática que no subyace anquilosada sino que vibra y demanda su «multiversa» indagación. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL LITORAL · Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (Argentina) UNIVERSITÁ CA FOSCARI · Dipartimento di Studi Linguistici e Culturali Comparati (Venecia, Italia) UNIVERSIDAD DE LA REPÚBLICA · Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación (Uruguay) UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN DE LA NACIÓN (Argentina) DEL LITORAL Las migraciones ítalo–rioplatenses Memoria cultural, literatura y territorialidades 1 REFERATO EXTERNO Prof. Silvana Serafin · Università degli Studi di Udine, Italia Prof. Susana Romano Sued · Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina Prof. Juan A. Roche Cárcel · Universidad de Alicante, España Prof. Nuncia Maria S. de Constantino · Pontificia Universidad Católica de Río Grande do Sul, Brasil Este libro se edita con subsidio del Ministerio de Educación de la Nación Argentina a la Red Interuniversitaria PPUA 2012 (V 14-15-166). UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL LITORAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL LITORAL · Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (Argentina) UNIVERSITÁ CA FOSCARI · Dipartimento di Studi Linguistici e Culturali Comparati (Venecia, Italia) UNIVERSIDAD DE LA REPÚBLICA · Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación (Uruguay) MINISTERIO DE EducaciÓN DE LA NaciÓN (Argentina) El diseño de tapa: Dante Migrante, es una creación ad hoc del historiador e ilustrador Marcelo Mottola (http://marcelomottola.blogspot.com.ar/). El arquitecto italiano Mario Palanti (Milán,1885-1979) proyectó los faros del Palacio Barolo (Buenos Aires) y del Palacio Salvo (Montevideo) para generar un arco de luz que saludara la entrada de los inmigrantes al Río de la Plata. Coordinación editorial: Ivana Tosti Diseño de interior y tapa: Secretaria de edición: Ariela Borgogno Las migraciones italo-rioplatenses. Memoria cultural, literatura y territorialidades / Susanna Regazzoni et ál.; © Adriana Cristina Crolla, 2013. dirigido por Adriana Cristina Crolla 1a ed. - Santa Fe: Ediciones UNL, 2013. E-Book. © ISBN 978-987-657-899-8 Secretaría de Extensión, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 1. Literatura. 2. Estudios Culturales. 3. Santa Fe, Argentina, 2013. Sociedades. I. Regazzoni, Susanna II. Crolla, Adriana, dir. 9 de julio 3563, cp. 3000 CDD 306 [email protected] www.unl.edu.ar/editorial Las migraciones ítalo–rioplatenses Memoria cultural, literatura y territorialidades ADRIANA CRISTINA crolla (directora) Índice Prólogo / ADRIANA CRISTINA CROLLA • 7 1. TERRITORIOS MIGRANTES Momentos y significaciones de las migraciones ítalo–rioplatenses ADRIANA CRISTINA CROLLA • 15 Los curas seculares italianos y sus dificultades de inserción en Argentina y Brasil. La mirada de la Santa Sede, 1870-1940 DANTE TUrcatti • 73 Debates ideológicos en la comunidad ítalo–uruguaya durante la entreguerra. Usos del pasado y proselitismo político JUAN ANDRÉS BRESCIANO • 91 Entre la Federación y el Estado Oriental. La arquitectura de Carlo Zucchi en el Río de la Plata (1827- 1842) FERNANDO Aliata • 109 Cinquanta anni di immigrazione italiana nel Rio Grande do Sul Un nuovo sguardo sui «gringos» della pampa brasiliana LUIS FERNANDO BENEDUZI • 133 Construcción de la identidad regional del gaúcho y la inmigración italiana en el sur del Brasil MARIA MEDIANEIRA PADOIN • 155 2. MIGRACIONES DEL IMAGINARIO El relato de un encuentro: El mar que nos trajo de Griselda Gambaro SUSANNA REGAZZONI • 169 Relaciones estéticas y políticas entre el Futurismo Italiano y la vanguardia rioplatense de la década del 20 ARIELA BORGOGNO • 185 Trazando patrias: imaginarios migratorios en La crisálida de Nisa Forti MARGHErita CANNAVacciUOLO • 211 Los espacios de la migración en el universo femenino ANNA MALVESTIO • 227 3. TERRITORIOS BIBLIOGRÁFICOS Las migraciones ítalo–rioplatenses. Estudio bibliográfico LUDOVICA PALADINI • 247 Migraciones ítalo–argentinas. Aportes para un archivo bibliográfico ARIELA BORGOGNO • 255 La inmigración italiana al Uruguay en la producción bibliográfica local. Un relevamiento comentado de los aportes recientes (1990-2012) JUAN ANDRÉS BRESCIANO • 275 Referato externo • 305 Prólogo ADRIANA CRISTINA Crolla Las migraciones ítalo–rioplatenses: memoria cultural, interdisciplinariedad y territorialidades El siglo XXI es testigo de una incesante profundización del proceso de mun- dialización, el cual ha constituido una tendencia subyacente a la difusión de la modernidad pero que asume nuevas facetas desde la segunda posguerra y se transforma desde los finales de la guerra fría. Diversos factores explican este fenómeno: la aceleración del conocimiento científico, el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías, la rapidez sin precedentes de los flujos económicos y financieros y las transformaciones de la política internacional. Desarrollos que impactan profundamente en la dinámica social, cultural y en los modos de decisión y de gobierno en los diversos espacios nacionales y regionales. La mundialización/globalización abre perspectivas totalmente nuevas e impone nuevos desafíos a la cooperación internacional, suscita encuentros inéditos entre individuos y sociedades, acelera la conciencia de los problemas globales comunes, impulsa la investigación científica e intelectual y enfatiza en ese sentido los factores del conocimiento, la innovación y la creatividad como impulsores del desarrollo. Pero junto a estos efectos positivos es evidente la emergencia de nuevos problemas que debemos comprender y anticipar. Desde la perspectiva de la teoría cultural, se impone entender la globali- zación dentro de una dinámica de confluencia, encuentro y diversidad; y no en términos excluyentes. Pensar la transnacionalización cultural no es posible sino a partir de lo local. Esta dialéctica propia del mundo globalizado, obliga al desa- 7 rrollo de nuevos ángulos interpretativos para analizar las disimilitudes y los con- flictos propios del contacto cultural y el modo en que los contextos locales de interpretación se modifican en el encuentro con lo global. El término glocalismo acuñado por el sociólogo Ronald Robertson en los ’90 nos parece paradigmático y operativo para explicar las nuevas empresas que en las universidades entrelazan dos pulsiones aparentemente antagónicas hacia el localismo y lo trasnacional. Los desplazamientos culturales, económicos e históricos del presente exi- gen la interrogación de la naturaleza misma de la relación entre el individuo y su sociedad, las tensiones centro y periferia, los problemas productivos y de con- sumo local y, en la esfera de las representaciones, el modo en que el fenómeno migrante impacta en la mutación permanente de lenguas, historias e identida- des. (Chambers, 1994) Desde un punto de vista glocal, las problemáticas actuales de movilidades entre culturas, lenguas y comunidades demandan una revisión constante del pasado y de los modos en que se mantienen vivos, en el presente, los lazos de interacción que las constituyeron en elementos sustanciales de procesos migra- torios y de contacto. En un contexto global, el desafío es re-localizar tradiciones culturales destradicionalizadas; recuperar de ellas lo residual, en términos de Raymond Williams (1980), el elemento aún activo en el proceso cultural. Buscar por tanto, modos de interpretación que permitan ver la manera cómo lo local pervive frente a lo global, analizar las memorias, las huellas del pasado, no como una experiencia temporal ya cerrada sino resignificada desde el pre- sente. Re-trazar las huellas, construidas desde la localidad, pero en interacción, viva, poliédrica y operante con el presente y el afuera, a fin de detectar el factor de su dinamismo y hacer visible la diversidad que nos cohabita. En este contexto nuevo y paradójico, la misión de la Universidad resulta más actual que nunca. Sus esferas de competencia: la educación, la construc- ción y difusión del conocimiento, la acción social y la vinculación con el medio, son el centro mismo de la mundialización. Por lo tanto la Universidad está en condiciones particularmente ventajosas para construir herramientas idóneas y flexibles para su abordaje, potencializando la creación de ámbitos de estudios interdisciplinarios y las redes entre espacios geográficos que pueden estar dis- tantes entre sí pero que al compartir una misma matriz cultural e intelectual, alimentada por lazos históricos como los cincelados por las migraciones, deben provocar el interés y acciones conjuntas de abordaje. 8 Entendemos entonces que desde esta nueva dinámica, las universidades, situadas en un espacio múltiple y atravesadas por fuerzas en interacción entre lo local, lo nacional y lo global, pueden cumplir un rol particularmente significa- tivo, actuando como agentes cosmopolitas del cambio
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