Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Phase Ii
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UGANDA INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYING PROJECT PHASE II REPORT ON THE FIFTH NATIONAL INSECTICIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MALARIA VECTORS TO PUBLIC HEALTH INSECTICIDES IN UGANDA SEPTEMBER 19 - OCTOBER 08, 2016 October 2016 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by the Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) Project – Phase II, Abt Associates. Recommended Citation: Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) Project Phase II Report on the Fifth National Insecticide Susceptibility Studies, October 2016, Abt Associates Inc. Contract/Project No.: AID-617-C-12-00004 Submitted to: Joel Kisubi, Contracting Officer Representative, United States Agency for International Development, Kampala, Uganda Cover Photos: Mr. James Kaweesa, MOH/VCD, explaining to, Dr. Jimmy Opigo, PM/NMCP, the malaria vector rearing technique in a field insectary in Wakiso District Dr. David F. Hoel, CDC entomologist, discussing the progress of the susceptibility study with the team members in Wakiso District Abt Associates 4550 Montgomery Avenue, Suite 800 North Bethesda, Maryland 20814 Tel: 301.347.5000. Fax: 301.913.9061 www.abtassociates.com Abt Associates Uganda IRS Project P.O. Box 37443 /. Plot 86 Luthuli Avenue Kampala, Uganda. Tel: 256 (0).414.251.300 Abt Associates Uganda IRS Project, Tororo Plot 20, Masaba Road, Senior Quarters, Tororo, Uganda. Tel: 256 (0). 391.177.264 DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Table of Contents Acronyms .............................................................................................................................................. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................. v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................. 3 1.0 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................... 4 1.1 IRS Project Background ...................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Background to National Insecticide Susceptibility Studies ................................................. 4 1.3 Study Aim ........................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Study Objectives ................................................................................................................. 6 1.5 Participation in the Study .................................................................................................... 7 2.0 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Mosquito Collections .......................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Insecticide Resistance Intensity Tests ................................................................................. 8 2.3 Insecticide Resistance Mechanism Tests............................................................................. 8 2.4 WHO Tube Bioassays ......................................................................................................... 9 2.5 Interpretation of Study Results ............................................................................................ 9 2.5.1 Determining Insecticide Resistance Intensities Using the CDC Bottle Bioassay ................................................................................................................. 9 2.5.2 Determining Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms .................................................. 9 2.5.3 Interpretation of the Insecticide Resistance Status Results According to WHO ..................................................................................................................... 9 3.0 RESULTS ...................................................................................................................................... 10 3.1 Results of Insecticide Resistance Intensity Bioassays ....................................................... 10 3.2 Results of Determining Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms ............................................ 12 3.3 Results of Insecticide Susceptibility Studies Using the WHO Tube Bioassays in Four Districts in Uganda, September and October, 2016 .......................................................... 13 4.0 DISCUSSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 15 5.0 CHALLENGES ............................................................................................................................ 15 6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................. 16 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 17 ANNEXES ........................................................................................................................................... 19 Annex 1: National Susceptibility Study Team in Four Sentinel Sites in Uganda, September- October 2016 ..................................................................................................................... 19 Annex 2: Identifying An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus using the Key ........................................ 20 Annex 3: Data capture tools (Forms) used in the study ................................................................ 21 ii List of Tables Table 1: Percentage survival of An. gambiae s.l. exposed to different concentrations of 3 pyrethoid insecticides after the 30-min diagnostic time using the CDC bottle bioassay, in sentinel districts, September and October, 2016 ................................................................................................... 10 Table 2: Percentage survival of An. funestus exposed to different concentrations of alphacypermethrin, deltamethrin and permethrin, after the 30-minute diagnostic time using the CDC bottle bioassay, in Katakwi and Kitgum Districts, September and October, 2016 ............................. 11 Table 3: Percentage mortality of Anopheles gambiae s.l. after exposure to diagnostic dose of alphacypermethrin alone and alphacypermethrin + PBO, deltamethrin alone and deltamethrin + PBO, permethrin alone and permethrin + PBO, in four districts in Uganda, September to October, 2016 ................................................................................................................................................................ 12 Table 4: Percentage of 24-hour mortality of Anopheles gambiae s.l. after exposure to discriminating dosages of various insecticides in four sites in Uganda, September to October, 2016 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 13 List of Figures Figure 1: Map of Uganda showing the study districts ............................................................................... 5 Figure 2: Uganda IRS Project Phase II target districts map....................................................................... 6 Figure 3: Percentage survival of An. gambiae s.l. exposed to different concentrations of alphacypermethrin, deltamethrin and permethrin, using the CDC bottle bioassay, in four sentinel districts, September and October, 2016 ................................................................................................... 11 Figure 4: Percentage survival of An. funestus exposed to different concentrations of alphacypermethrin, deltamethrin and permethrin using the CDC bottle bioassay, in four sentinel districts, September and October, 2016 .................................................................................................................. 12 Figure 5: Map of Uganda showing insecticide susceptibility status of An. gambiae s.l. using WHO tube assay, September to October, 2016 ..................................................................................................... 14 iii Acronyms CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDFU Communication for Development Foundation Uganda COR Contracting Officer’s Representative DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane DFID Department for International Development (UK) IRS Indoor Residual Spraying LLIN Long-Lasting Insecticide-treated Net MOH Ministry of Health MOP Malaria Operational Plan NMCP National Malaria Control Program PBO Piperonyl butoxide PMI President’s Malaria Initiative USAID United States Agency for International Development VCO Vector Control Officer WHO World Health Organization iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Uganda IRS Phase II project, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI), and the Department for International Development, United Kingdom (DFID) would like to extend its appreciation to the various District Health Offices for releasing their Vector Control Officers (VCOs)