http://ww w.memo.f r/en/dossi er.aspx?I Horatius Cocles D=1127

Savior of Rome

A Story First Told by the Greek 2nd Cen B.C.

Retold again by Jason Yuan An Exposition

● Ancus Marcius, 4th got along with the Etruscan Lucuma ● allows himself to be succeeded by Etruscan Rule, beginning the Tarquin Dynasty under Lucuma, aka Lucius Tarquinius Priscus ● 510 B.C.-Tarquin Dynasty ends with reign of Tarquinius Superbus ● Tarquinius was kicked out of office and from Rome for his tyranny The Fall of Tarquinius

http://sapiosapiencis.blo gspot.com/2013/04/rom a-la-ciudad-celestial- parte-cuarta.html Superbus seeks for Revenge

● king superbus went to , a nearby Etruscan town, to ask the king there to help him get back to power ● Lars Porsenna agreed, and raised an army to crush Rome The Struggle ● Porsenna’s army marched to a bridge spanning the Tiber River, the only way into Rome ● Rome knew that once the bridge is lost, Rome is doomed ● only a small number of men led by Horatius guarded the bridge ● all the men but 2 men and Horatius fled ● Horatius and the men fought Porsenna’s army, eventually only Horatius himself was holding off the army ● while he held off the army, the Romans broke the bridge down and prevented the army from crossing the river to get to Rome ● Horatius swam across the river once the bridge went down ● He lost one eye to defend the bridge, so he was later known as Horatius Cocles; Cocles means “one-eyed” ● the river god let him live and get safely to shore according to tradition Horatius’ Gallant Stand

http://thedeathofcarth age.com/654/women- of-the-roman-republic- cloelia-2/ Mucius Scaevola

● the king didn’t give up; he prepared to lay siege to Rome ● a young man named Gaius Mucius wanted to kill king Porsenna and end the threat ● authorized by Roman Senate, he crossed the Tiber River hiding a sword under his clothes ● he approached two men dressed in fancy clothes, one of them was the king and the other is his scribe ● he thought the scribe was the king, so he drew his sword and killed him Mucius Burning Himself

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Mucia_(gens The Etruscans Give Up

● the king held Mucius in trial, he threatened to torture him ● Mucius defied the king by holding his hand in fire for a long time to show that he doesn’t fear torture ● he taunted that 300 Romans are ready to kill Porsenna ● Porsenna was frightened by his courage and defiance, so he made peace with Rome ● Mucius burnt his right hand so badly that it was useless, he could then only use his left hand making him “left-handed” ● for this reason, he is called Mucius Scaevola; scaevola means “left- handed” Quick Quiz:

1. Why did Horatius came to be called Horatius Cocles?

2. Why did King Porsenna decide to attack Rome?

3. Why did Gaius Mucius came to be known as Mucius Scaevola?