Social Monitoring Report

Semestral Report Project Number: 47048-002 March 2020

PRC: Hubei Enshi Upstream Environment Rehabilitation Project

Prepared by Yiji Construction Consultants Co., Ltd. for the Asian Development Bank.

This social monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

External Monitoring Report on Ethnic Minority Development Plan

#7 Semiannual Report for July-December 2019 February 2020

People’s Republic of : Hubei Enshi Qing River Upstream Environment Rehabilitation Project

Prepared by Shanghai Yiji Construction Consultants Co., Ltd. for the Asian Development Bank

Report Director:

Wu Zongfa School of Economics and Management TongjiUniversity

Report Co-compiler:

Wu Zongfa, Zhang Yingli, Chen Wei, Daoming, Gong Jing

E-mail:

[email protected]

CONTENT

1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 1

2 ETHNIC MINORITIES IN PROJECT AREAS ...... 1

2.1 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION ...... 1 2.2 SOCIAL-ECONOMIC PROFILES ...... 1 2.2.1 INCOME STRUCTURE AND EXPENDITURE PATTERNS FOR EM HOUSEHOLDS ...... 2 2.2.2 EDUCATION ...... 4 2.2.3 OCCUPATION ...... 4

3 MONITORING OF ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT

PROGRAMS ...... 1

3.1 IMPLEMENTATION OF MONITORING ON EMDP ...... 1 3.2 INTERNAL MONITORING SYSTEM ...... 2 3.3 MONITORING OF THE PROJECT IMPACT ...... 2 3.4 MONITORING RESULTS ...... 4 3.5 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION ...... 5 TABLE 3-1 MONITORING RESULTS OF EMDP ...... 6 Appendix 1：Poverty alleviation ...... 13

1 Project Description

Hubei Enshi Qing River Upstream Environment Rehabilitation Project (HEQRUERP) includes 4 components which comprise engineering works as well as non-structural measures: (i) improved pollution control at Enshi and Lichuan Cities; (ii) enhanced flood management; (iii) improved capacity of wastewater management; and (iv) strengthened project management capacity. The project covers Enshi and Lichuan Cities of Hubei Province. The sub-project implementation units are shown in Table 1-1. Project component locations and main impacts are shown in Table 1-2.

Table 1-1 Cities and Components

City Implementation Unit Enshi Enshi Urban Construction and Investment Co. Ltd.

Lichuan Lichuan Liangli Urban Construction & Development Co. Ltd.

External Resettlement Monitoring Agency had promoted the Ethnic Minority Development Program, and built the network to monitor the Ethnic Minority Development Program, and provided the data collection forms to the implementing agencies and required them to fill in and submit regularly. External Resettlement Monitoring Agency interviewed the affected families of ethnic minorities regularly in the project area, or interviewed or held forums with the executives, the street offices and the village committees to indirectly know the implementation of Ethnic Minority Development Programs, and knew the situation of work, income, participation in public hearings and skills training of the affected minority families through reading documents, sampling surveys, and etc.

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Table 1-2 Project Component Locations and Main Impacts

Project Component Description Location Major Project Impacts 671.4 mu of land will be permanently occupied in the project, including 662.18 mu of collective land and 9.22 mu state-owned land, and 654 HHs with 2653 (i) Improved pollution control at Enshi persons will be affected; 546.2 mu of land will be temporarily occupied, and 72 City; (ii) enhanced flood management; HHs with 296 persons will be affected. Total 4255.52 m2 of rural housing will be Enshi Subproject (iii) improved capacity of wastewater demolished, affecting 19 HHs with 80 persons. The affected households include management; (iv) strengthened project 19 vulnerable groups and 73 people. The project will affect 11 villages in Enshi management capacity City, including Gaoqiaoba Village, Songshuping Village, Toudaoshui Village, Shuyuan Village, Tanjiaba Village, Xiaolongtan Village, Jinziba Village, Sanhe Village, Gengjiaping Village, Xiangjia Village and Longfeng Village. 607.395 mu of land will be permanently occupied by the project, including 497.8 mu of collective land, 109.6 mu of state-owned land. 454 mu of land will be (i) Improved pollution control at temporarily occupied. 661 HHs with 2797 persons will be only affected by land Lichuan City; (ii) enhanced flood acquisition; 50 HHs with 175 persons will be only affected by temporary land management; (iii) improved capacity Lichuan Subproject Lichuan City acquisition. 11 HHs with 30 persons will be only affected by house demolition, of wastewater management; (iv) and 1541 m2 of rural dwelling houses will be demolished. The project will affect strengthened project management 4 Township level administrations in Lichuan city, including Dongcheng Street, capacity Duting Street, Yuanbao Town and Liangwu Town, and directly impact 21 villages (urban communities) and 83 village groups.

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2 Ethnic Minorities in Project Areas

2.1 Population distribution Enshi Prefecture is a Tujia and Miao (ETMAP). In 2015, the ETMAP had an ethnically diverse population of 4.04 million; 45% Han, 47.5% Tujia and 5.01% Miao ethnic groups. The share of ethnic minority population was 40.67% of which the majority were Tujia (38.3%), Dong (1.33%) and Miao (0.71%) in Enshi City. While ethnic minority population accounted for 59.2% of the total, of which the majority were Tujia (52.43%) and Miao (6.07%) in Lichuan city. Tujia, Miao and the other EMs in Enshi Prefecture and the two project cities reside scattered and mixed with Han people. These EMs and Han families intermarry and stay harmoniously. In 2015, about 60% population averaged minorities in the project sub-districts and towns. The majority were Tujia, Miao and Dong.

Table 2-1 Minority Population in Project Areas (2015)

Farming Subdistrict/ Total area Total %of %of %of City Land Town (km2) Population Tujia Miao Dong (Mu) Liujiaoting 83 8850 43862 45 - - Wuyangba 116.21 21300 117033 50 2 - Enshi Xiaoduchuan 37 2550 43152 50 - 3 Longfeng 286.47 45450 70013 60 3 3 Duting 34.5 6600 69989 65 2 - Dongcheng 30.6 18750 34382 65 2 - Lichuan Liangwu 420 77550 71028 70 3 - Yuanbao 55.49 37050 35751 80 4 -

2.2 Social-economic profiles

All of the policies to support the livelihoods and development are not different between among Han people and minority groups. Furthermore, minority groups, regardless largest population like Tujia or small population like Dong, are enjoying equal policies. The EMs can get some favorable policies, .g. their senior high school graduates could get 10 scores additional to the examination results for the enrollment to university or colleges. The Tujia, with a total population of over 8 million, is the 7th largest ethnic minority in China. They live in Wuling Mountains, stradding the common border of , Hubei, and Provinces and Municipality. 25.14% of Tujia people are living in Hubei Province and the almost are concentrated in Enshi Prefecture. Most Tujia people in Enshi and Lichuan use the

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Hubei dialect of Chinese, only a few people especially the elderly living in the remote areas can speak Tujia language. Their residential locations are mixed with Han and other ethnic minority groups. Intermarriage is common. The live primarily in southern China, in the provinces of Guizhou, Hunan, , , and Hubei. About 42.1% Miao people are distributed in Guizhou. Hubei has a small proportion of Miao population accounting for about 1.88% of total population. However, they are concented in Jianfeng and Laifeng Counties in Enshi prefecture rather than in the project areas of Enshi and Lichuan Cities. There are no purely and concentrated residence communities or villages and sub-villages by Maio minority in the project areas. The Dong lives mostly in eastern Guizhou, western Hunan and Northern Guangxi in China. There were 9984 people and 222 people living in Enshi and Lichuan respectively.

2.2.1 Income Structure and Expenditure Patterns for EM Households

Based on PPTA field surveys of 256 HHs (126 EM and 130 Han) in 2017, the income level and main sources of household income within EM households were similar to Han households. Income from employee salary, business, pension, property rental and casual labour ranked as the top five income sources of the surveyed minority households, accounting for over 80% of the total household income. 26 minority households rely largely on pensions (13.13% of the total EM HHs income) and 37 households depend mainly on casual labour or vendor earnings (12.72% of total EM HHs income). Government subsidy had contribution (6.38%) to household income. There was no significant difference of the income level between EM and non-EM households. The project area is mainly urban or peri-urban where economic opportunities are better. As shown in the table 2-2, poor minority households made up of 3.17% of total surveyed minority households, that was a slightly lower than that of non-minority households (3.85%). Near poor households shared the similar percentage between EM (17.46%) and non-EM (16.15%). Income groups with middle and better levels comprised the majority both among EM households and non-EM households. But the share of rich income level group within EM households was a bit lower than of non-EM households (6.15% against 7.14%).

Table 2-2 Income Sources Between EM and Non-EM HHs (2017)

EM HHs % of Total EM Non-EM HHs % of Total Non Income Sources (N=126) HHs Income (N=130) EM HHs Income Salary 75 25.14 75 23.28 Business 28 18.78 27 19.02 Investment 5 8.16 4 9.36 House rental and saving 75 15.69 55 14.93 Pension 26 13.13 29 13.25

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Casual labour, street vendor 37 12.72 36 13.74 income Government Subsidy 23 6.38 21 6.42 Total 100 100

Table 2-3 Income Level Between EM and Non-EM HHs (2017)

Income Level (average per EM HHs Non-EM HHs % of Total Non capita annual disposal Income % of Total EM HHs (N=126) (N=130) EM HHs ) Poor (<=5040)* 5 3.17% 6 3.85% Near Poor (5041-8400)** 20 17.46% 21 16.15% Middle (8401-19000) 53 40.48% 55 41.54% Better (19001-45000) 38 31.75% 41 32.31% Rich (>45000) 10 7.14% 7 6.15%

* Official Urban poverty line in Enshi Prefecture was CNY 5040 per capita annual disposal income in 2016 defined by Enshi Prefecture Civil Affairs. ** People whose per capita annual disposal income was between CNY 5040-8400 were the defined by Enshi Prefecture Civil Affairs. Similar to Han households, the cost of food, education, fuel and social maintenance is consisted of the majority of household expenditure (52.38% of total expending). Water use fee only accounted for 2.05% within surveyed households.

Table 2-4 Expenditure Patterns Between EM and Non-EM HHs (2017)

% of Non-EM EM HHs % of EM HHs Non-EM HHs Income Sources HHs (N=126) Expending (N=130) Expending Food 124 18.21 129 17.85 Education 60 14.73 67 13.5 Gas fuel and present 50 10.64 48 11.61 Household facilities 16 8.80 18 7.84 House Rental 13 6.23 32 6.39 Taxes 102 5.8 110 5.91 Tobacco and alcohol 4 5.12 4 6.67 Medicine and medical services 74 5.06 70 4.93 Clothing 79 4.81 81 4.25 Support for parents or other 99 4.56 113 4.66 relatives Transportation 12 4.32 16 3.54 Recreation 32 4.1 32 4.02 Communication 113 2.46 127 2.42 Water 123 2.05 125 2.03

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Electricity 119 1.15 126 1.05 Total 100 100

2.2.2 Education

Based on PPTA surveys in 2017, the average education level of EM population is equal with that of non-EM residents. The EM and non-EM shared the similar percentage of no schooling and primary school education. There were slight differences occurred in secondary school and high school education levels. Specifically, 37.3% of EM respondents were in the secondary school category, higher than nonEM respondents (25.38% secondary school education); 42.06% of EM respondents were in the high school category, lower than nonEM respondents (49.23% high school education). Whereas, the percentage of EM respondents with college education (4.76%), were lower than non-EM respondents (8.46%). Very few respondents obtained more than college education. The poverty and social analysis showed that no major differences exist between sexes regarding education in the project area.

Table 2-5 Education Level by EM and Non-EM (2017)

EM Non-EM Education Level No. of % of No. of % of respondents respondents respondents respondents No schooling 2 1.59% 4 3.08% Primary school (1-6 years) 16 12.70% 17 13.08% Secondary school (7-9 years) 47 37.30% 33 25.38% High school (10-12 years) 53 42.06% 64 49.23% College 6 4.76% 11 8.46% Incomplete university, 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Undergraduate 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Graduated or above 2 1.59% 1 0.77% Total 126 100 130 100

2.2.3 Occupation

The PPTA surveys revealed that there were no significant differences between EM and non- EM respondents regarding types of occupation. EM and non-EM respondents shared the similar percentage in most of occupations, except in SOE employee, private enterprises employee and house worker. The percentages (2.38% and 13.49% respectively) of EM respondents working in SOE and private enterprise were significantly lower than that (7.69% and 23.85 respectively) of non-EM respondents; the percentage (26.19%) of EM respondents responsible for house work was significantly higher than that (16.15%) of non-EM respondents. The specific percentage with each occupation has been detailed in Table 2-6.

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Table 2-6 Occupation by EM and Non-EM (2017)

EM Non-EM Occupation No. of % of No. of % of respondents respondents respondents respondents State owned enterprise employee 3 2.38% 10 7.69% Private enterprise employee 17 13.49% 31 23.85% Government employee 11 8.73% 7 5.38% Own business 8 6.35% 15 11.54% Casual labor 14 11.11% 10 7.69% Street vendor 4 3.17% 2 1.54% Paid child care in the house 3 2.38% 1 0.77% Responsible for house work 33 26.19% 21 16.15% Retired, pensioner 15 11.90% 12 9.23% Student 1 0.79% 0 0.00% Unemployed 9 7.14% 12 9.23% Disabled 3 2.38% 5 3.85% Other 5 3.97% 4 3.08% Total 126 100 130 100

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3 Monitoring of Ethnic Minority Development Programs

3.1 Implementation of monitoring on EMDP

Shanghai Yiji Construction Consultant Co., Ltd. is an independent external monitor for EMDP of this Project. By December, 2019, the seventh monitoring report had been completed.

(1) Work Plan and Arrangement for Monitoring

The monitoring on EMDP is conducted semi-annually during the project implementation and annually after the completion of this project (twice in total). In December 2019, the external monitor team conducted monitoring on EMDP of this project, and the main tasks included: a) Investigation of the social inclusiveness of the project, such as whether water fees are acceptable to ethnic minorities, especially the poor and women, and whether their land and house are affected by this project; b) Understanding the economic benefits of the project for local residents, especially ethnic minorities, such as the amount of local materials and resources purchased by IA, and the employment opportunities for ethnic minorities, etc.; c) Understanding the income and living standards of ethnic minorities; d) Investigation of minority groups’ participation in community environmental protection work; e) Investigation of whether the minority nationalities are aware of the impact of the project, whether the project office and the implementing agencies have held consultations or information release, whether the complaint mechanism is established, whether the construction brings negative impact on the lives of the minority nationalities, and whether the construction unit has taken mitigation measures, etc.

(2) Work Procedures

1) Prepare the work outline and work plan (program) 2) Design sampling method 3) Interview and follow-up investigation 4) Analyze information and data 5) Prepare monitoring and evaluation report

(3) Methods

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1) Sampling. Sampling scheme and questionnaires were designed. The monitor conducted house-by-house detailed investigation to AHs and different affected groups with utilization of random sampling method and the questionnaires prepared in advance. 2) Meeting. Interviews to LAR implementation agencies, relevant units, street offices, affected village committees and AHs were conducted for a better understanding of the progress of EMDP. 3) Consulting documents. Consulting and verifying documents and materials (files, agreements and statistical statements) in relation to EMDP. 4) Interviewing key informants, such as director of land acquisition and house demolition office, related official of undertaking unit, village head, and head of affected family, women, and senior citizens, to understand the work, income, participation in public hearings and skills training of affected ethnic minority families. See Appendix 2. 5) Data collection. Making data collection forms and requiring IAs to fill in and submit data regularly. The Ethnic Minority Development Program monitoring refers to the Table 3-1.

3.2 Internal Monitoring System

The PMO of Enshi state had established an internal monitoring network for the development of ethnic minorities, including Enshi city project office and Lichuan city project office, and carried out the training of the national minority action plan for the construction units. At the same time, the Ethnic and Religious Committee of Enshi city and Lichuan city were also in charge of the minority affairs, and the civil servants had also participated in the minority affairs of this project.

3.3 Monitoring of the Project Impact

Through interviewing with the affected households, the implementing agencies, and the PMO officers, and reading the monitoring data regularly provided by implementing agencies, the project impact on ethnic minorities is summarized as follows.

(1) Enshi City

a) The project construction did not bring a significant impact on the residence and travel of the affected groups (including ethnic minorities, women and the poor).

b) The project implementation brought negative effects on the minority groups in safety, health, travel, sound, and others. For example, some irrigation canals and highway were damaged during the construction process, and the blast working carried out during

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construction could cause noise pollution to nearby residents or cause damage to houses or equipment. By 31st December, 2019, the implementing agencies had taken measures to solve these problems. The damaged highway had been repaired in time; the compensation standard and procedure had been formulated by the implementing agency for the potential damage caused by blast working; the safety signs had been posted in the striking position for travel safety; the worksite clinic with some permanent medical staffs was set up; a special watering cart was equipped to reduce dust; many times of safety training had been carried out too. c) During construction, the local building materials and resources were purchased to create job opportunities for the local residents, especially the minority nationalities. The IAs provided skills training for local migrant workers to promote their employment. d) In the long run, the project construction had improved the local ecological environment, which was also an important reason for residents to support the project construction. For example, a pilot construction area of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control was built in Xinjie Village of Tunbao Township,and this action helped to realize long-term ecological and environmental protection in Qing River region.

(2) Lichuan City a) The affected households were basically satisfied with the compensation, and supported the project construction. Then measures should be taken to restore the income of affected households (including ethnic minority families) in time. b) The project implementation brought negative effects on the minority groups in safety, health, travel, sound, and others. For example, some irrigation canals were damaged during the construction process. By 31st December, 2019, the implementing agencies had taken measures to solve these problems. The irrigation canal had been restored, and some implementing agencies had adopted enclosure construction to reduce dust emission. On the other hand, the project construction had also improved the local ecological environment in the long run. c) During construction, the local building materials and resources were purchased to create job opportunities for the local residents, especially the minority nationalities. The IAs provided skills training for local migrant workers to promote their employment.

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3.4 Monitoring Results

By interviewing the representatives of ethnic minorities, village cadres, officers of PMO, and holding the forums with the implementing agencies and the affected households (including ethnic minority families), and reading the internal files and statistical data of the PMO, Liujiaoting Office and Shuangjing Village Committee, and collecting and processing the surveys from all construction units, External Resettlement Monitoring Agency had completed the monitoring task of Ethnic Minority Development Programs. The monitoring results of the Ethnic Minority Development Program refer to the Table 3-1. The main monitoring results of this time are summarized as follows:

(1) Job opportunity created

By 31st December, 2019, the implementing agencies of all projects (including internal supporting projects) had employed local peasants of 14322 person-month during construction, of which the minorities and the women accounted for 57.81% and 45% respectively; the implementing agencies of all projects (including internal supporting projects) had purchased 121743 tons of sand, 423892 tons of stone, 48321 tons of cement, 6986 saplings, 38000 tons of steel, 5163 tons of gravel and 38000 tons of other building materials produced by local enterprises in total, and paid 3.618 million yuan of rent, which promoted the employment of minorities.; by 31st December, 2019, the income growth of residents contributed by tourism development was not obvious..

(2) Skills training provided to local people

By 31st December, 2019, a total of 428 person-time participated in the knowledge training of ecotourism, in which 241 ethnic minorities participated accounting 56.31%. The implementing agencies had held 285 construction related trainings with 5363 persons, and the proportion of woman participants to all participants was 45.81%, and the proportion of ethnic minorities to all participants was 55.15%.

(3) Training on environmental awareness and education

By 31st December, 2019, CESFMTs had been built up. By 31st December, 2019, the flood warning, evacuation, and emergency response procedures were posted; the land acquisition and resettlement manual had been handed out to 4255 affected persons, of which 2354 minorities accounting for 55.32% and 2016 woman persons accounting for 47.38%; the status and progress of project construction had been publicized to ethnic minorities; the grievance redress mechanism had been established in the project area and no complaints happened.

(4) Capacity building

By 31st December, 2019, a total of 428 person-time participated in the knowledge training of ecotourism, in which 241 ethnic minorities participated accounting 56.31%. The executing agencies

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had held 285 construction-related skills training for local migrant workers, in which a total of 5363 persons participated, and the proportion of woman participants to all participants was 45.81%, and the proportion of ethnic minorities to all participants was 55.15%.

3.5 Conclusions and Suggestion

(1)Conclusions

a) The whole project had been under construction. During the construction process, the implementing agencies optimized the project design and communicated with the affected households to reduce or avoid the negative effects on the minority families in safety, health and etc. After the training provided by the external monitor unit, the construction units' awareness of the Ethnic Minority Development Program had been enhanced.

b) Although the project construction brought a negative impact on the local environment in the short term, it would contribute to the sustainable improvement of the local ecological environment in the long run.

c) The implementing agencies purchased some local building materials and created some jobs opportunities for minorities.

d) The income growth of residents contributed by the tourism development was not obvious.

e) CESFMTs had been built up.

(2)Suggestions

a) Each construction unit and project office should provide more skills training and more employment opportunities for the affected persons, restore the income of the affected persons as soon as possible, and ensure that the living standard will not decline. The ADB office can introduce the entrepreneurship support policies of the central and local governments to the affected persons and encourage them to start their own businesses locally.

b) Because the income growth of residents contributed by tourism development was not obvious, the income restoration of some affected groups, especially of ethnic minorities groups, women and low-income people, should be tracked, and measures should be taken to solve the problems the affected groups faced in the recovery of income.

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Table 3-1 Monitoring Results of EMDP

Proposed Action Target Group(s) Participating Timing Sources of Monitoring Indicators Monitoring Results Progress during the Agencies Funds /Source reporting period A. ENHANCEMENT MEASURES OF PROJECT BENEFITS 1. Socially Inclusive Design Features: Minority residents EA and IA No extra 1. Number of minority 1-3. The public hearing meeting 1.1 Providing minority residents particularly the poor funds representatives for water tariff has not been affordable water/wastewater tariff, and women needed attending the public held. especially poor minority people. hearing meeting for 4. (1) By 31st December, 2019, 1.2 Minimizing the impact of land water tariff increase. a total of 5796.52 m2 of house acquisition and house demolition to 2. No. of poor minority were demolished. 1-3.The public hearing minority people. residents attending the A total of 3559 persons from meeting for water tariff public hearing meetings 995 households were affected has not been held. for water tariff increase. by 909 mu of the land 4(1)No additional house 3. Degree of satisfaction acquisition. demolition. 909 mu of of the public with water There were 3559 persons land was acquired, tariff increase. affected by land acquisition and which affected 995 4. No. of minority house demolish, of which 1708 households with 3559 house and persons persons were women and 2064 persons. affected by land persons were ethnic minorities, acquisition or house and the women and the ethnic demolition. minorities accounted for 47.01% and 57.94% respectively. 2. Project Economic Benefits: Poor minorities, EA and IAs; 2015–2022 Project 1. Number of jobs 1.(1)By 31st December, the 1.(1) The implementing  Priority on using local materials and minority women, Contractors; budget plus provided to minority implementing agencies of all agencies of all projects resources, using local products and project affected Ethnic Minority government people - male and projects (including internal (including internal services (e.g., house, food, drink and minority people Bureau funds female, and the poor. supporting projects) had supporting projects) had other necessities. 2. Average purchase of employed local peasants of employed local peasants  Providing 40% of total jobs generated local products and other 14322 person-month during of 937 person-month at the construction and operation stages resources. construction, of which the low- during construction, of available to minority residents, 3. Amount of income income groups, the minorities which the minorities and especially poor and women. brought from tourism and the women accounted for the women accounted  Tourism promotion with minority’s development. 10.14%, 57.81% and 45% for 55.9% and 47.28% natural and cultural resources. respectively. respectively. 2. (1) By 31st December, 2019, 2.(1) The implementing the implementing agencies of all agencies of all projects

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Proposed Action Target Group(s) Participating Timing Sources of Monitoring Indicators Monitoring Results Progress during the Agencies Funds /Source reporting period projects (including internal (including internal supporting projects) had supporting projects) had purchased 121743 tons of sand, purchased 38199 tons 423892 tons of stone, 48321 tons of sand, 90964 tons of of cement, 6986 tons of steel, stone, 9964 tons of 38000 tons of other building cement, 2739 tons of materials, 5163 tons of gravel, steel, 50 saplings, and 6010 saplings, and paid 3.618 5163 tons of gravel million yuan of rent, which produced by local promoted the employment of enterprises in total, and minorities and locals. paid 1.645 million yuan 3. By 31st December, 2019, the of rent, which promoted income growth of local residents the employment of contributed by tourism minorities. development was not obvious. 3. The income growth of local residents contributed by tourism development was not obvious. 3. Capacity Development for Minority people, EA and IAs; 2015-2022 EMDP 1. No. of training 1.(1) The implementing Minority People: priorities give to the Ethnic Minority budget with sessions held 1. (1) By 31st December, 2019, agencies had held 86  Strengthening skill and training of poor and women Bureau; government 2. No. of EM people the implementing agencies had construction-related minority residents on ecotourism EM. Tourism Bureau funds trained. held 285 construction-related skills training for local development 3. No. of jobs skills training for local migrant migrant workers, in  Promoting non-farm employment and generated. workers, in which a total of 5364 which a total of 980 improve livelihoods persons participated, and the persons participated, proportion of woman and the proportion of participants to all participants woman participants to was 45.81%. all participants was 2. By 31st December, 2019, a 45%, and the proportion total of 428 person-time of ethnic minorities to participated in the knowledge all participants was training of ecotourism, of which 57.98%. 241 were ethnic minorities, and 2. 125 person-times the ethnic minorities accounted participated in the for 56.31%. knowledge training of ecotourism, of which 71

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Proposed Action Target Group(s) Participating Timing Sources of Monitoring Indicators Monitoring Results Progress during the Agencies Funds /Source reporting period were ethnic minorities, and the ethnic minorities accounted for 56.8%. 4. Encouraging Minority People Construction EA and 2015-2022 EMDP 1. No. of minority 1. By 30th June, 2019, 8 1. 8 CESFMTs had been Participation in Community based workers contractors budget people participated in CESFMTs had been established. established. There were Environmental Protection Activities: community There were 4 teams in Enshi and 4 teams in Enshi and  Establishing 8 community environment activities. Lichuan each, and there were 3 Lichuan each, and there environment supervision and flood 2. No. of minority persons in each group, women were 3 persons in each management teams. There is at least one members in CESFMT. accounting for 50%. Flood group, women minority member in the 3 members of control training had been carried accounting for 50%. each team. out, and the specific information Flood control training  Development of methods of of relevant training had not yet had been carried out, publicizing status of water quality using been collected and summarized. and the specific language and formats that the minority 2. By 30th June, 2019, the information of relevant public can understand, especially using communities in the area of the training had not yet been appropriate ways for minority women; project were equipped with collected and  Development of community funded garbage cans. summarized. garbage collection and disposal 3. By 31st December, 2019, the 2. The communities in systems, flood warning, evacuation, and the area of the project  Development and publication of emergency response procedures were equipped with flood warning, evacuation, and were posted. garbage cans. emergency response procedures for the 3. The flood warning, community. evacuation, and  The proportion of minority people to emergency response all participants in the development of procedures were posted. the community participation manual, and flood warning and response plan is not less than 40%. B. MITIGATION MEASURES OF PROJECT IMPACT AND SOCIAL RISKS 1. Consultation and Participation Minority people and EA/IA 2014–2022 EMDP 1. Number of such 1. By 31st December, 2019, the 1. The project office and  Informing and consulting with the affected households budget consultation held and project office and implementing implementing agencies minority population on project impacts degree of public agencies held 91 information held 26 information and benefits (at least 40% participants participation disclosure and consultation disclosure and to be women and poor. desegregated by gender, meetings about compensation consultation meetings  Status and progress of civil works poor. standard, increasing green about compensation including possible construction related space, and disclosure of standard, increasing interruptions and disturbances. construction progress, in which green space, and

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Proposed Action Target Group(s) Participating Timing Sources of Monitoring Indicators Monitoring Results Progress during the Agencies Funds /Source reporting period a total of 11965 persons disclosure of • Affected minority households would participated, and the proportion construction progress, in be fully consulted with preferences of of woman participants to all which a total of 4726 livelihood recovery and displacement participants was 49.5%, and the persons participated, sites. proportion of ethnic minorities and the proportion of to all participants was 56.07%. woman participants to 2. By 31st December, 2019, the all participants was land acquisition and 48.97%, and the resettlement manual had been proportion of ethnic handed out to 4255 affected minorities to all persons, of which 2354 persons participants was were ethnic minorities and 2016 53.96%. persons were women, and the 2. The land acquisition women and the ethnic minorities and resettlement manual accounted for 47.38% and had been handed out to 55.32% respectively. 1316 affected persons, 3. By 31st December, 2019, the of which 710 persons affected minority households were ethnic minorities had been consulted with and 618 persons were preferences of livelihood women, and the women recovery and displacement sites. and the ethnic minorities accounted for 46.96% and 53.95% respectively. 3. The affected minority households had been consulted with preferences of livelihood recovery and displacement sites. 2. Establishing a Grievance Redress Affected minority EA, IAs 2015-2022 EMDP 1. Number of 1. By 31st December, 2019, the The grievance redress Mechanism people budget complaints received and grievance redress mechanism mechanism had been  Establishing a grievance redress disposition (relevant had been established, and no established, and no mechanism in the project area, handling records). complaints happened. complaints happened. appeals from minority people, and keeping appeal and remedy records.

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Proposed Action Target Group(s) Participating Timing Sources of Monitoring Indicators Monitoring Results Progress during the Agencies Funds /Source reporting period 3. Minimization of Disturbances All affected people EA, Ias and 2015–2022 Project 1. Number of 1. By 31st December, 2019, no 1. No complaints During Construction contractors budget and complaints received and complaints happened. happened.  Avoidance of water sources EMDP resolved. 2. By 31st December, 2019, a 2. No damage. contamination. budget 2. Number of damaged 0.5-kilometre highway was 3. No damage of  Avoidance of construction work at public facilities repaired damaged and repaired in time. minority’s holy sites or night nearby residential areas. timely. 3. No damage of minority’s holy stuff like tree, water or  Avoidance of damage of minority’s sites or stuff like tree, water or mountain. holy sites or stuff like tree, water or mountain. 4. Some implementing mountain. 4. By 31st December, 2019, a agencies had adopted  Minimization of dusts caused by special watering cart was enclosure construction construction. equipped to reduce dust in the to reduce dust emission.  Site cleaning up on work completion area of Dashaba WWTP. Some 1000 meters of irrigation  Reconstruction of irrigation, drainage implementing agencies had canals were restored, systems and approach roads destroyed adopted enclosure construction and 150 meters of trees by construction. to reduce dust emission. 36000 were planted. meters of irrigation canals were restored, and 7587 meters of trees were planted. 5. Provision of Affordable Water Minority people, EA and IAs; 2016-onwards Government 1. Number of minority 1-2. The public hearing meeting 1-2. The public hearing Tariff Poor and near poor Ethnic Minority Finance representatives for water tariff had not been meeting for water tariff  Ensuring 40% representatives to be minority households Bureau. involving in public held. had not been held. minority people, attending water tariff hearings held. 3. The government had issued 3. Enshi Prefecture public hearing meetings. 2. Number of poor and poverty alleviation policy. Human and Social  The poor people are entitled public near-poor 4. In Guandong Community Affairs Bureau and other assistance program, namely giving representatives affected by Lichuan WWTP, a departments regularly exemption partly from water tariff involving in public total of 55 households with 164 publish “recruitment increase. hearings. people had overcome poverty information for precise  The public assistance program is 3. Poor and near-poor from 2014 to now. In poverty alleviation ", expanded to near-poor households. people’s concerns, Shuangjing village of Liangwu and they also screen and problems and Town, a total of 50 HHs had recommend jobs for disposition (relevant overcome poverty, and the those who have records). remaining 40 households were employment aspirations 4. No. of poor and near expected to lift themselves out and employability, and poor families covered of poverty in 2019. actively help them by public assistance contact employers to program. help poor families achieve employment

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Proposed Action Target Group(s) Participating Timing Sources of Monitoring Indicators Monitoring Results Progress during the Agencies Funds /Source reporting period and poverty alleviation. Enshi City has issued such documents as "the plan of fighting against poverty in 2019" and "achieving the goal of "Two Needs and Three Guarantees"("two needs" means not worrying about food and clothing, and "three guarantees" means compulsory education, basic medical treatment and housing security). Specific measures include solving the problem of safe drinking water for rural residents in the city, rebuilding dangerous houses, strengthening infrastructure construction such as electric power, communication (4G, optical fiber broadband), and promoting collective economic development and so on. 4. Enshi Prefecture will achieve poverty alleviation in 150 villages and 200,000 people in 2019, and all eight counties and municipalities will get rid of poverty. 11

Proposed Action Target Group(s) Participating Timing Sources of Monitoring Indicators Monitoring Results Progress during the Agencies Funds /Source reporting period C. Monitoring and Evaluation  Semi-annual monitoring and EA and IAs 2016-2022 EMDP 1. Semi-annual EMDP By December, 2019, the 7th evaluation of project impacts and budget progress monitoring and external monitoring report on benefits on minority people and evaluation report EMDP had been completed. reporting to ADB

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Appendix 1：Poverty alleviation

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Appendix 2： Interviews between external monitoring agency and key information providers (July, 2019 )

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