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Tesis Doctoral See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261179569 Phd Demandasaurus darwini Thesis · December 2012 CITATIONS READS 0 925 1 author: Fidel Torcida Fernández-Baldor Museo de Dinosaurios, Salas de los Infantes, Burgos 78 PUBLICATIONS 659 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Mining and Palaeontology. View project All content following this page was uploaded by Fidel Torcida Fernández-Baldor on 30 October 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. SISTEMÁTICA, FILOGENIA Y ANÁLISIS PALEOBIOGEOGRÁFICO DE DEMANDASAURUS DARWINI (SAUROPODA, REBBACHISAURIDAE) DEL BARREMIENSE SUPERIOR-APTIENSE DE BURGOS (ESPAÑA). Por: Fidel Torcida Fernández-Baldor Enero 2012 Tesis Doctoral dirigida por: José Ignacio Canudo Sanagustín DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA. UNIVERSIDAD DE ZARAGOZA. Memoria presentada por D. Fidel Torcida Fernández-Baldor para optar al grado de Doctor en Ciencias (Geológicas) por la Universidad de Zaragoza, bajo la dirección del doctor: JOSÉ IGNACIO CANUDO SANAGUSTÍN, profesor titular del Área de Paleontología del Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Zaragoza Incluso el viaje más largo comienza con el primer paso. (Proverbio chino, original de Lao Tsé). La ciencia es todo aquello sobre lo cual siempre cabe discusión. ( José Ortega y Gasset). A mis padres, Fidel y Mª Josefa, que me mostraron siempre su apoyo incondicional, y cuya entrega a sus hijos fue la razón de su vida familiar. En ellos intento reflejarme para ser una persona mejor, un buen padre, un buen compañero. El tiempo pasa inexorable, pero su amor permanece como un compañero insustituible en cada acontecimiento de mi vida. AGRADECIMIENTOS En el esfuerzo personal de todos estos años para sacar adelante este proyecto de investigación, no me he sentido nunca solo. Desde los primeros trabajos de excavación hasta el último momento en que hay que coser todos los hilos sueltos y dar forma definitiva a la tesis doctoral, siempre he tenido la enorme suerte de contar con amigos que han sido mi soporte para dar el siguiente paso. Son muchas las personas a quienes agradecer ayudas y ánimos recibidos, y eso conlleva el riesgo de dejarme a algu- na en el tintero; si es así, que sepan que cuentan con mi reconocimiento más sincero. La primera excavación del yacimiento Tenadas de los Vallejos II se realizó en 2002 con el apoyo del Ayuntamiento de Salas de los Infantes, que ha mostrado todos estos años su interés en la pre- paración y consolidación de los fósiles recuperados, facilitando estas intervenciones en el Taller de Restauración del Museo de Dinosaurios de Salas de los Infantes. Las campañas de excavación de los años 2003 y 2004 fueron financiadas por la Dirección Gene- ral de Patrimonio de la Junta de Castilla y León (exptes. 331 / 03 – BU y 251 / 04 – BU). La Diputación de Burgos financió en agosto de2009 una estancia de investigación científica del autor y de otros integrantes del Colectivo Arqueológico-Paleontológico de Salas (C.A.S.), que permitió la visita de varios museos e instituciones científicas de Argentina, donde se trabajó con fó- siles de dinosaurios saurópodos. Asimismo la Diputación burgalesa financió un viaje de intercambio científico al C.A.S. en el verano de 2011, que permitió el estudio de fósiles de rebaquisáuridos en el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de París (Francia.) El Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de España financió el proyecto 10-CAP2-2002 DRCYC de “Excavación y estudio de un dinosaurio rebaquisáurido en El Chocón (Neuquén, Argentina)”, que se desarrolló durante el invierno de 2010-2011. Desde el descubrimiento en 1998 del yacimiento Tenadas de los Vallejos II el apoyo y entusias- mo del C.A.S. han acompañado este largo recorrido. Los escasos recursos económicos y materiales se han superado con un trabajo de equipo que aunó inteligencia y eficacia, y con muchas horas de planificación y trabajo de campo. Un equipo que lleva trabajando años en los yacimientos paleonto- lógicos burgaleses y que ha ocupado muchas horas de su vida en esta pasión por descubrir y conocer: Pedro Huerta, Alberto Bengoechea, Víctor Urién, Gustavo Pérez, Diego Montero, Rubén Contreras, Jochen Welle... En la Universidad de Zaragoza, el área de Paleontología ha sido un aliado fiel de mis trabajos y me ha ayudado a resolver dificultades, a conseguir bibliografía, a darme ánimos: Penélope, Moreno, Gasca, Luis Miguel, Ina, Raquel, etc. Especialmente gratificante fue el tiempo en que estuve realizan- do el máster de investigación allí, con un magnífico grupo de investigadores y amigos. Un agradecimiento especial a José Ignacio Canudo, mi director de tesis, pero también amigo que ha sido mi mejor cómplice en esta investigación; él ha entendido desde el primer momento mis objeti- vos y mis necesidades, y me proporcionó una planificación y un método de trabajo que mostraron su mejor cara de investigador riguroso y su implicación con la construcción de un equipo investigador pujante. Sin Iñaki nada de esto habría sido finalmente posible. La preparación del material de Demandasaurus ha pasado por varias manos durante su estancia en el Museo de Dinosaurios de Salas de los Infantes: Manuel, Luis Ángel, Jesús y Rubén, sucesiva- mente. El trabajo fue arduo por las características del sedimento que englobaba los fósiles, pero el resultado ha llegado a ser espectacular en algunas piezas. Los dibujos han sido realizados por el autor, y algunos proceden de modificaciones en originales de Diego Montero y Pedro Huerta. Otras figuras han sido tomadas de las publicaciones científicas originales cuya cita consta en el texto. La ayuda de Pedro para realizar el capítulo de Geología de la tesis ha sido fundamental y por ello la valoro en alto grado, tanto por su saber como por su ofreci- miento digno de un buen amigo.5,5&!/(5+/5).,5.,/#ĉ(5'5"ĉ5/(5'()5 #."5 '-8 Las fotografías han sido realizadas gracias al talento de Zarela Herrera (Servicio de Fotografía Paleontológica de la Universidad de Zaragoza), de Carmelo García (como siempre, implicado de forma altruista con el Museo salense), Rubén Contreras, el C.A.S. y el autor. Algunas de estas fotos han sido financiadas por la Fundación para el Estudio de los Dinosaurios de Castilla y León, que continúa desarrollando la labor de divulgación de la pale)ntología en su vertiente de recurso patrimo- nial para contribuir al desarrollo del territorio. La maquetación la ha realizado Miguel Moreno Azanza, que ha hecho un trabajo magnífico, como es norma en él. La visita a diversos museos paleontológicos fue posible por la buena acogida y el interés de: Dr. R. Allain (Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de París), Juan Canale y Juje Haluza (Museo Ernesto Bachmann de Villa el Chocón, Argentina), Jorge Calvo (Centro Paleontológico de Lago Barrea- les, Argentina), Alejandro Kramarz (Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Buenos Aires, Argentina), Rodolfo Coria (Museo Paleontológico Carmen Funes, Plaza Huincul, Argentina), Alberto Garrido (Museo Olsacher de Zapala, Argentina). El viaje realizado en 2009 a los museos argentinos fue coordinado por Leonardo Salgado, un magnífico amigo. He tenido oportunidad de intercambiar opiniones y recibir comentarios sobre rebaquisáuridos y Demandasaurus en particular, que han servido de gran ayuda, por parte de Jeff Wilson (Universidad de Michigan, EE.UU), Paul Upchurch y Phil Mannion (University Collage London, Gran Bretaña) y José Luis Carballido (Conicet, Argentina), que además me proporcionó valiosas fotografías de fósiles de taxones de rebaquisáuridos. De los coautores de varios trabajos previos sobre Demandasaurus he aprendido sobre dinosaurios saurópodos y sobre métodos de trabajo de investigación paleontológica (además de poder disfrutar de su buen humor): Leo, Xavier, Iñaki. A todos los participantes en las campañas de excavaciones de 2002 a 2004, la mayoría estudian- tes y graduados universitarios que participaron de forma altruista en ellas, y en especial a los que soportaron las duras condiciones de la última campaña. Con nosotros también estuvieron en 2002 Xabier Murelaga y Nathalie Bardet, enseñándonos algunos trucos muy útiles en una excavación pa- leontológica. Otras muchas personas ayudaron a que salieran adelante las excavaciones, empezando por Nico, alcalde entonces de La Revilla y que nos facilitó mucho el trabajo y la estancia en la campa- ña de 2002; amigos de Salas de los Infantes nos echaron una mano en tareas complicadas o trabajando codo con codo con nosotros. Un recuerdo especial para Ignacio Martínez Mendizábal (Equipo de Investigación de Atapuer- ca) que me engañó, convenciéndome para hacer la tesis en una imborrable charla en el Pub Pucho de Salas. Y a todos los que me han animado a seguir adelante y se han interesado por mis avances, desde Sergio Urién y Silvia Mielgo del Museo de Salas, José Luis Barco (Paleoymas), Jesús Del Val ( Junta de Castilla y León), Zoa Escudero (Fundación Patrimonio Histórico de Castilla y León, mis amigos del C.A.S. y de Aragosaurus, compañeros de trabajo del I.E.S. Comercio (Logroño), y amigos de Salas. Estos años de trabajo exigente han supuesto un esfuerzo familiar que ha cargado en sus hombros mi mujer Mª Luz, cuya paciencia y comprensión ha sido un regalo y un apoyo insustituible. Para ella y para nuestros hijos, Manuel y Nicolás mi agradecimiento por estar siempre a mi lado y ser mi refugio en los momentos más difíciles AGRADECIMIENTOS 7 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 15 1.1 OBJETIVOS 18 1.2 ANTECEDENTES 19 1.2.1 Panorama actual de los saurópodos (restos directos) en la Península Ibérica. 19 1.2.2 Los rebaquisáuridos en el mundo. 28 1.2.3 Restos directos de dinosaurios en Salas de los Infantes (Burgos) 34 1.2.4 Historia de las investigaciones en la comarca de Salas de los Infantes 43 1.2.5 Historia de las actuaciones paleontológicas en el yacimiento deTenadas de los Vallejos II, y de las investigaciones sobre Demandasaurus.
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