Apricot germplasm in Central Asia
Manshuk Zhexembekova, Kazakhstan Central Asia is a center of diversity for many important fruit and nut tree species, including Prunus armeniaca L. (Vavilov 1931, 1951) In addition to P. armeniaca (purple apricot or Black apricot, in Central Asia is naturally present Prunus dasycarpa Ehrh. Fruit quality
A wealth of apricot germplasm that expresses novel and valuable characteristics such a as fruit with:
- High soluble solide content - Edible kernels, - Glabrous skin; - Different color and flavour Pedoclimatic adaptation
Central Asia apricot germplasm shown:
- Late blossom - Late ripening, - Drought tolerance, - Cold tolerance - Salt tolerance, - Self compatibility. Climate across Central Asia
The average montly air temperature across Central Asia varies from 24°C to 27.7°C in July to -0,3°C to 3,5°C in January
The maximum air temperature can reach is 48°C with low temperature to -40°C, in some location.
Precipitation is also variable to 87mm/year to 366mm/year in the valleys (in this area apricot require irrigation) to over 1.000mm in areas with higher elevation. Northen limit is 45°N
45° N
Zaurov et al. 2013 Soil across Central Asia
Usually soil pH changes according to altitude:
- In valley region, typical pH is 8.1-8.2
- At 1.100 m, typical pH 7.8 and 8.0
- Above 1.600 m typical pH 7.6 and 8.0
Usually apricot cultivation occurs in soil without salinity problem, with organic matter between 1 and 4%. Main Varieties Zaurov et al. 2013 Most of this cultivar are used for driyng
Zaurov et al. 2013 Turdieva 2015 Top 20 apricot producing countries and Central Asia countries
Zaurov et al. 2013 Sale (export ad import) of dried Apricots in Kazakhstan (Ministry of agriculture of KZ)
2015 (tons) 2016 (tons) 2017 (tons)
EXPORT IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT DRIED APRICOT 4.653 25.501 781 23.122 809 10.513 Apricots in Uzbekistan (Ministry of agriculture of UZ, 2017 )
PRODUCTION YIELD ACREAGE EXPORT IMPORT
580365 15 44169 37049 396925 Apricot production in Kazakhstan (ministry of agriculture of KZ)
2015 2016 2017
Cultivated surface (Ha) 3371 3359 3282
Production (tons) 17.600 18.629 17.107
Yield (tons/Ha) 6 6.6 6.9 Apricots varieties, maturity and productivity in Almaty oblast
Variety Early Mid Late Average yield, t Trees spacing /ha
Thynami + Early blash + 6x3m Redcheek + Kolkhos + 20-25 550 trees per ha Vinoslivii + Ananas + Shalah + Favorit + Iskra + Thank you for attention