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Francisco De Ulloa Importante Personaje FRANCISCO DE ULLOA, IMPORTANTE PERSONAJE EN LA HISTORIA DE CALIFORNIA. Por: S. Oscar Mendoza S. La Paz, California Sur, México Febrero de 2018 Página 1 de 38 S. Oscar Mendoza S.-“Francisco de Ulloa, importante personaje…” ☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼ Barcos españoles en La Mar del Sur ☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼ Página 2 de 38 S. Oscar Mendoza S.-“Francisco de Ulloa, importante personaje…” FRANCISCO DE ULLOA, IMPORTANTE PERSONAJE EN LA HISTORIA DE CALIFORNIA. Por: S. Oscar Mendoza S. Conoce más de la California Original, visita: www.californax.com Página 3 de 38 S. Oscar Mendoza S.-“Francisco de Ulloa, importante personaje…” ☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼ 1570-ABRAHAM ORTELIUS ☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼ Página 4 de 38 S. Oscar Mendoza S.-“Francisco de Ulloa, importante personaje…” FUENTES CONSULTADAS PARA ESTE RELATO: >La Bahía de Santa Cruz, Cortés en California 1535-1536; Carlos Lazcano Sahagún. >De la cueva pintada a la modernidad: Historia de Baja California; Antonio Ponce Aguilar. >Exploraciones de Cortés en Mar del Sur y el descubrimiento de California; motecuhzoma.de/California.html; Xavier López Medellín. >www.elvigia.net/el-valle/2014/10/12/surgimiento- california; Carlos Lazcano Sahagún. > Los antiguos californios, los yumas y la gente de razón; Antonio Ponce Aguilar. > www.icarito.cl/2009/12/404-3095-9-3-descubriendo- nuevos-territorios . >Reconocimiento de la Isla de California; Ma. Montserrat León Guerrero. >Francisco de Ulloa, olvidado navegante y explorador español; Valeria Ardante. >Exploradores de Cortés a la costa americana; laamericaespanyola.wordpress.com. >Descubrimiento de California; eccecristianus.wordpress.com. >Hernán Cortés, descubridor de Baja California; Carlos Lazcano Sahagún. Página 5 de 38 S. Oscar Mendoza S.-“Francisco de Ulloa, importante personaje…” >Francisco de Ulloa, primer explorador del Golfo de California y la costa occidental de Baja California 1539- 1540; Antonio Ponce Aguilar. >https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodocus_Hondius . >Sitio de Barry Lawrence Ruderman, Antique Maps Inc. (aquí pueden ser adquiridos antiguos mapas de América: https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/category/Am erica/America ) > Dr. John R. Hébert, Chief, Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. >Internet: Geographicus, Rare Antique Maps. >Internet: Paulus Swaen old Map FUENTE DE LOS MAPAS: https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/category/America/America https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/49689 https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/52789/America_sive_India_ Nova_ad_magnae_Gerardi_Mercatoris_avi_universalis/Mercator.htm l https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/41820/America_Sive_Novus _Orbis_Respectu_Europaeorum_Inferior_Globi_Terrestris/De%20Br y.html https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/50384/Maris_Pacifici_quod_ vulgo_Mar_del_Zud/Ortelius.html https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/45733/America/Hondius.htm l https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/45143/Americae_Nova_Des criptio_1652/van%20den%20Keere-Visscher.html https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/42364/Americae_sive_India e_Occidentalis_Tabula_Generalis/De%20Laet.html https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/37391/Carte_de_LAmerique _Corrigee_et_augmentee_dessus_toutes_les_aultres_cy/Bertius- Tavernier.html https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/48585/America_noviter_deli neata_scarce_large_version/Merian.html Página 6 de 38 S. Oscar Mendoza S.-“Francisco de Ulloa, importante personaje…” https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/45586/Americae_Nova_Tab ula/Blaeu.html http://www.elvigia.net/el-valle/2014/10/12/surgimiento-california- 173696.html Página 7 de 38 S. Oscar Mendoza S.-“Francisco de Ulloa, importante personaje…” BREVÍSIMA INTRODUCCIÓN El conocer la historia, entre otros importantes acervos, del lugar donde nuestra vida se lleva a cabo, es materia fundamental para desarrollar el adecuado sentido de identidad y pertenencia con ella. Cuando esos sentimientos están ausentes en el individuo, es como el sentir de aquel huérfano que no conoció ni padre ni madre y deambula por la vida sin el respaldo de su ascendencia, es como el animal del monte que solo vive en él pero que es solo eso, parte de él pero que por su misma irracionalidad le impide deducir la esencia de lo que lo rodea. Lo que aquí se presenta es una mínima parte, un destello apenas, de la historia temprana de California, seguramente muchos no saben hoy quien fue Francisco de Ulloa, algunos nunca lo sabrán porque simplemente son temas fuera de su interés, no se trata de futbol o de los desvalorados e insulsos programas de las televisoras nacionales, otros se interesarán y, estoy seguro, se sorprenderán de lo que en este relato encontrarán, sobre todo en lo relativo al nombre de California y cómo es que éste surge a raíz de las exploraciones de Cortés al sur peninsular. Tal vez se preguntarán como es que los encargados locales de la cultura no se preocupan en la difusión de esos importantes hechos ocurridos hace ya casi 500 años, ahora en el 2018, 483 para ser más exactos, y que conocerlos empujarían al habitador local a formar ese indispensable sentido de identidad y pertenencia para la defensa de lo nuestro, bueno, yo diría que eso, me refiero a lo de la poca difusión, tal vez ocurra porque simple y sencillamente desconocen los hechos y la historia, tal vez piensen que no es materia de su Página 8 de 38 S. Oscar Mendoza S.-“Francisco de Ulloa, importante personaje…” competencia, no obstante, para los dirigentes de hoy y para los del mañana siempre habrá la oportunidad de la reivindicación y empiecen, aunque tardíamente en su derrotero de vida a interiorizarse en esos temas. En fin, algunos nos preocupamos e intentamos que esos importantes aconteceres históricos no continúen sumergidos en las brumas y la oscuridad del tiempo transcurrido entre el ahora y cuando estos se protagonizaron. S. Oscar Mendoza S. Febrero de 2018 Página 9 de 38 S. Oscar Mendoza S.-“Francisco de Ulloa, importante personaje…” Francisco de Ulloa, como muchos otros valiosos personajes de la historia, es poco conocido en el concierto histórico de la América cortesiana o de los primeros tiempos de la conquista española. A Ulloa se le da por desaparecido en una de sus expediciones al actual golfo de California y la costa occidental de la península Californiana (1539-1540); no obstante, otras fuentes lo ubican en tiempos posteriores en España y en América del Sur, aquí explorando, en 1553, las costas continentales chilenas hasta el estrecho de Magallanes a donde llega en 1554, desmintiendo el hecho de su desaparición y muerte al ocurrir un supuesto naufragio de su nave “La Trinidad” cerca de la actual isla de cedros en el pacífico Californiano. A Ulloa se le reconoce como lugar de nacimiento la población de Mérida en España, sin embargo no existe la seguridad de la fecha en la cual tuvo lugar. Al parecer, en 1528 viaja con Hernán Cortés a América ya que, según esto, los unía una buena amistad de tal suerte que Cortés luego depositará en él una gran confianza. A partir de entonces Ulloa se convertiría en uno de los más distinguidos capitanes de las naves cortesianas. Algunas fuentes indican que, cuando Ulloa se une a Cortés, no sabía gran cosa sobre las artes de la navegación las que luego dominaría con gran destreza. Tal vez Cortés ya presentaba para ese entonces cierta obsesión por adentrarse aún más en La Mar del Sur ya que, en 1523 Gonzalo Sandoval uno de los capitanes de Cortés que fue enviado por éste con la encomienda de llegar al mar para hacer cabeza de playa y emprender Página 10 de 38 S. Oscar Mendoza S.-“Francisco de Ulloa, importante personaje…” nuevas exploraciones en el océano Pacífico (La Mar del Sur), llega a la costa chica en el hoy estado Mexicano de Guerrero muy cerca de donde se localiza ahora el puerto de Acapulco. Continuando con su cometido de exploración y conquista siguió hacia el norte fundando en la costa el puerto de Navidad. Tiempo antes, el 25 de julio de 1523, Sandoval funda la villa del Colima originalmente Villa de Emi cerca de Caxitlan capital del reino de Colliman. Durante sus exploraciones por la costa de La Mar del Sur, en el sitio de Navidad, Sandoval tuvo la primera noticia de una “ gran isla poblada por sólo mujeres y sin que existiera varón alguno ”; esta noticia, con una gran dosis de posibilidad de que fuera así, al menos de que la tierra, la futura California, existiera. El detonante o la iniciadora de la leyenda, al menos en el sentido del nombre de California, fue la novela “Las sergas de Esplandián”, en esos entonces dicha novela circulaba en manos de los soldados españoles y, más adelante, al explorar Cortés la nueva tierra y por algunas similitudes geográficas descritas en la novela es que el nombre lo acoplan al nuevo territorio. Cuando el capitán Gonzalo de Sandoval retorna a México entera a Cortés de sus conquistas y los decires sobre la gran isla . Cortés como todo conquistador ansioso de tomar nuevas tierras y sus riquezas para la corona y para su fortuna propia, toma nota del hecho informado por Sandoval dándole gran importancia de tal suerte que, en su 4ta. Carta de relación Cortés informa al emperador Carlos V (rey Carlos I de España) sobre la noticia de la misteriosa isla: “… que se afirma mucho de haber una isla Página 11 de 38 S. Oscar Mendoza S.-“Francisco de Ulloa, importante personaje…” poblada por mujeres, sin varón ninguno, y que en ciertos tiempos van de tierra firme hombres que con ellas han acceso….y si paren mujeres las conservan; y si paren hombres, los echan de su compañía, y que esta isla está a diez jornadas de la provincia de Colima;
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