DOCSLIB.ORG

13 28 959 Usd 41,007,532

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

OPERATIONAL UPDATE Mali September 2017 Mali continues to face a volatile Local populations face important Despite significant challenges, the security situation amid growing protection risks amid limited implementation of the Peace and threats of terrorism, criminality access to public services, Reconciliation Accord advances and intercommunity tensions in documentation, shelter, water, slowly in order to re-establish the northern and central regions. education and food security. peace and security in the region. KEY INDICATORS FUNDING (AS OF 30 SEPTEMBER 2017) 13 USD 41,007,532 Young refugees will receive DAFI tertiary education grant requested for Mali offered by the German Government in 2017-2018 Funded 7 % 28 3,068,942 New protection monitors to be deployed in relation with mixed migration flows in Mali 959 Birth certificates distributed to Mauritanian refugees in the Unfunded 93 % Kayes region since beginning of the year 37,938,590 POPULATION OF CONCERN IDP returnees 498 170 Malian refugees* 142 386 Returnees 60 373 IDPs 55 880 Refugees in Mali (mixed origin) 17 400 Asylum seekers (mixed origin) 482 Returned refugees visit UNHCR’s sub-office in Gao upon Figures as at August 31, 2017. return in Mali, in order to receive assistance for their most * Source: UNHCR. All other figures sourced from the Government of Mali. urgent needs. Photo ©: UNHCR Mali/A. Yacouba 2017 www.unhcr.org 1 OPERATIONAL UPDATE > MALI / September 2017 Update on Achievements Operational Context ■ The security situation in Mali remains volatile with threats of terrorism, criminality and intercommunity violence in the north and central regions impacting the protection environment for civilians and limiting humanitarian access. Violation of human rights continue to be recorded with local populations facing limited access to public services, documentation, water, education and food security. ■ The implementation of the Agreement for peace and reconciliation in Mali is slowly continuing to progress. On the 23rd September, the CMA and the Plateforme declared the ceasefire and stated their commitment to the implementation of the Agreement for Peace. On 19th September, the Governor of the region of Kidal Mohamed Ag Ichrach returned to Kidal to take up his position permanently after years of absence, generating optimism for the return of stability through the presence of National Authorities and security forces. The Governor stated his priorities would now be education, health and supplying healthy drinking water. On 5 September, the UN Security Council, at the request of the Malian authorities, adopted resolution 2,374 establishing a targeted sanctions regime on Mali. The resolution imposes a travel ban and assets freeze on individuals and entities engaged in actions or policies that threaten the peace, security, or stability of Mali. The 2015 Agreement for Peace and Reconciliation in Mali included in its article 54 language inviting the Security Council to adopt measures against those undermining the implementation of the Agreement and the pursuit of its objectives but so far the Council had not followed through on this threat of sanctions. ■ On 9th September, President Keita inaugurated the new HQ for the planned G5 Sahel force in Sevare, Mali. The force will be commanded by the Malian General Didier Dacko and should be 5,000 strong. It is meant to address the impact of terrorism and transnational organized crime, including through the conduct of cross-border joint military counter- terrorist operations. Regional HQs are also planned in N’Beiketial, Mauritania for the north eastern sector, Niamey, Niger for the central sector and Wour, Chad for the south west sector. ■ The need to uphold humanitarian principles remains of utmost importance to counter the shrinking of humanitarian space necessary to conduct life-saving activities. Incorporating protection mainstreaming principles and promoting a meaningful access, safety and dignity for humanitarian aid remains key to humanitarian actors. www.unhcr.org 2 OPERATIONAL UPDATE > MALI / September 2017 Achievements PROTECTION Protection Cluster ■ The humanitarian needs overview (HNO) process has continued in the country in September. The narrative part of the overview has been drafted by cluster members with contribution of the regions. Over 950.000 persons are considered as in need of protection by the cluster in Mali. The main identified protection needs relate to human rights, sexual and gender based violence, child protection and fight against landmines. ■ The protection cluster monthly meeting took place in Bamako on 6 September. The analysis of protection incidents in the north of Mali showed a decrease of 33 in comparison with last month. The need to secure protection monitors was highlighted, as cases of threats against them were reported, preventing them from visiting some villages. Advocacy notes for a safer access to the Koro circle and Kidal region were also requested. ■ On 20 September, an extraordinary meeting of the strategic consultative group of the protection cluster was held on the protection situation in the Mopti region, and in particular in the circles of Koro and the commune of Dialloubé. An advocacy note was drafted during the meeting to reinforce the protection environment in those areas. ■ On 29 September took place the civil-military coordination meeting in Gao. The deterioration security situation on the road axis in the regions of Gao, Kidal and Ménaka was on the agenda. In particular, the increase of rape reports against women while travelling on those roads was discussed. In response to this worrying trend, the protection cluster proposed a prevention strategy that was presented to participants to the meeting. ■ On 8 September, the protection cluster in Timbuktu were informed of local tensions in the community in Gargando. Members of the cluster requested the intervention of actors involved in social cohesion activities in the region to solve the issue. Achievements and Impact ■ Mixed migration: New partnership agreements have been signed between UNHCR and the NGOs ADES, AMSS, Stop Sahel and TSF for mixed migration activities in the regions of Bamako, Gao, Mopti and Timbuktu that are being implemented in the frame of the Central Mediterranean situation. 28 protection monitors are to be deployed in Bamako and the regions of Gao, Mopti and Timbuktu in locations likely to receive mixed migration flows. Contacts have been engaged with authorities and relevant stakeholders in order to get a better picture of mixed migration issues in Mali. In the www.unhcr.org 3 OPERATIONAL UPDATE > MALI / September 2017 Gao and Timbuktu regions, meetings were held with authorities, IOM and local associations in order to discuss possible cooperation on this issue. In September, mixed migration flows have been regularly reported by various stakeholders, some of them linked with protection incidents. In the Timbuktu region, where local association warned on the increased flow of migrant in transit in the region, consultations of all actors are ongoing to enable the préfet to set a response mechanism to mixed migration related issues and assess needs. UNHCR and IOM have been requested to conduct sensitization sessions on protection issues. ■ Social counselling: 9 urban refugees received guidance or were referred to partners by UNHCR. The main issues raised by refugees was the need for support to travel documents, support to income generating activities, education grants and health expenses. ■ SGBV: With the aim of reducing the risk of SGBV and improving the quality of response in Gao, Kayes, Mopti and Timbuktu regions, 66 sensitization sessions were carried out on the risks and consequences of SGBV, early marriage and the importance of girls’ education reaching at least 1,527 men and women from refugee returnee and local communities. ■ Social Cohesion: In the regions of Gao, Kidal, Menaka, Mopti and Timbuktu through the partners AMSS and Stop Sahel, 33 sensitization sessions on social cohesion reached 1,094 men and women from refugee returnee and local communities. ■ Documentation: In Kayes region, 314 birth certificates have been distributed to Mauritanian refugees through Stop Sahel. In total, since the beginning of the year, 959 birth certificates have been distributed out of the planned 2,659 for 2017. ■ Protection Monitoring: 60 protection incidents were collected and documented through UNHCR’s partner AMSS, during this month, mostly in the regions of Gao, Kidal, Mopti and Timbuktu. Most of the reported incidents relate to extortion, injuries and deaths. Since the beginning of the year, 666 protection incidents have been collected and documented (temporary figure, as of 30 September 2017). ■ Voluntary repatriation: o On 14 September the Tripartite Commission Mali-Niger-UNHCR on the voluntary return of Malian refugees in Niger took place in Bamako. The progress on the implementation of the work plan adopted at the 8th meeting of the Commission on 24 February 2017 in Niamey was assessed. o An information meeting was organized on 29 September with the 24 Centralafrican refugees who had expressed their will to return home, in order to inform them on the actual security situation in their area of origin and allow them to decide on an informed basis whether to go back, given the deteriorating security situation in the country. Following the meeting all 24 refugees confirmed their will to repatriate. The return process of those refugees has been initiated. www.unhcr.org 4 OPERATIONAL UPDATE > MALI / September
Recommended publications
  • Mali 2018 International Religious Freedom Report

    Mali 2018 International Religious Freedom Report

    MALI 2018 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary The constitution prohibits religious discrimination and grants individuals freedom of religion in conformity with the law. The law criminalizes abuses against religious freedom. On January 31, the government adopted a new national Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) strategy that included interfaith efforts and promotion of religious tolerance. The Ministry of Religious Affairs and Worship was responsible for administering the national CVE strategy, in addition to promoting religious tolerance and coordinating national religious activities such as pilgrimages and religious holidays for followers of all religions. Terrorist groups used violence and launched attacks against civilians, security forces, peacekeepers, and others they reportedly perceived as not adhering to their interpretation of Islam. In the center of the country, affiliates of Jamaat Nasr al- Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM) attacked multiple towns in Mopti Region, threatening Christian, Muslim, and traditional religious communities, reportedly for heresy. Muslim religious leaders condemned extremist interpretations of sharia, and non- Muslim religious leaders condemned religious extremism. Some Christian missionaries expressed concern about the increased influence in remote areas of organizations they characterized as violent and extremist. Religious leaders, including Muslims and Catholics, jointly called for peace among all faiths at a celebration marking Eid al-Fitr in June hosted by President Ibrahim Boubacar Keita. In January Muslim, Protestant, and Catholic religious leaders called for peace and solidary among faiths at a conference organized by the youth of the Protestant community. The president of the High Islamic Council of Mali (HCI) and other notable religious leaders announced the necessity for all religious leaders to work toward national unity and social cohesion.
  • Mapping Ethnic Violence in Mali From

    Mapping Ethnic Violence in Mali From

    RISIS IN THE ENTER MAPPING ETHNIC VIOLENCE C C IN MALI FROM 2012 TO 2018 BACKGROUND RESULTS This project’s purpose is to analyze where ethnic violence is taking place in Mali since The population maps showed a higher density of people and set- the Tuareg insurgency in January 2012. Chaos from the insurgency created a power tlement in the South, with minimal activity in the North; this is vacuum in the North, facilitating growing control by Islamic militants (“Africa: Mali — consistent with relevant research and presents the divide be- The World Factbook” 2019). While a French-led operation reclaimed the North in tween the two, fueled by imbalances in government resources. 2013, Islamic militant groups have gained control of rural areas in the Center (“Africa: The age of this data (2013) is a potential source of error. The spatial Mali — The World Factbook” 2019). These groups exploited and encouraged ethnic analysis shows that ethnic violence is concentrated in the center of rivalries in Central Mali, stirring up intercommunal violence. Mali’s central and north- Mali, particularly Mopti and along that area of the Burkina Faso border. Conflict ern regions have faced lacking government resources and management, creating events near the border in Burkina Faso were not recorded, but could have aided in grievances between ethnic groups that rely on clashing livelihoods. Two of the key the analysis. There are two clear changes demonstrated by mapping kernel density of ethnic groups forming militias and using violence are the Dogon and Fulani. The vio- individual incidents from the beginning of the Malian crisis (2012-2015) and those lence between these groups is exacerbated by some of the Islamic militant groups from more recent years (2016-2018).
  • Under the Gun Resource Conflicts and Embattled Traditional Authorities in Central Mali

    Under the Gun Resource Conflicts and Embattled Traditional Authorities in Central Mali

    Under the gun Resource conflicts and embattled traditional authorities in Central Mali CRU Report Anca-Elena Ursu Under the gun Resource conflicts and embattled traditional authorities in Central Mali Anca-Elena Ursu CRU Report July 2018 July 2018 © Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’. Cover photo: © Anca-Elena Ursu, April, 2018 Unauthorized use of any materials violates copyright, trademark and / or other laws. Should a user download material from the website or any other source related to the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’, or the Clingendael Institute, for personal or non-commercial use, the user must retain all copyright, trademark or other similar notices contained in the original material or on any copies of this material. Material on the website of the Clingendael Institute may be reproduced or publicly displayed, distributed or used for any public and non-commercial purposes, but only by mentioning the Clingendael Institute as its source. Permission is required to use the logo of the Clingendael Institute. This can be obtained by contacting the Communication desk of the Clingendael Institute ([email protected]). The following web link activities are prohibited by the Clingendael Institute and may present trademark and copyright infringement issues: links that involve unauthorized use of our logo, framing, inline links, or metatags, as well as hyperlinks or a form of link disguising the URL. About the author Anca-Elena Ursu is a research assistant with Clingendael’s Conflict Research Unit. A legal professional by training, she works at the intersection of traditional justice and local governance in the Sahel. The Clingendael Institute P.O.
  • Assessing Cropland Abandonment in Mopti Region with Satellite Imagery

    Assessing Cropland Abandonment in Mopti Region with Satellite Imagery

    December 2019 MALI Assessing cropland abandonment in Mopti region with satellite imagery Since 2018, Mopti region has been marred by an escalation in violence. In the eastern part of the region, intercommunal tensions have Key points increasingly taken on the character of a conflict between armed groups, • Insecurity peaks in 2019 including ethnically based militias and self-defence groups. Rising levels heavily affected agricultural of violence have threatened food security, with a loss of livelihoods for activities in the eastern part displaced populations, difficulties in cultivating fields and accessing of Mopti region markets for those who have remained in their villages. • In total, 25% of villages in Given the vast area of Mopti region, the consequences of the conflict on the region are affected by a decrease in cropland areas the landscape are difficult to consistently monitor. Moreover, the access in 2019, compared to pre- to many communes has been heavily restricted due to the present conflict years (2016, 2017) circumstances. Consequently, little to no field data could be collected in 2019 for some parts of the region. Satellite imagery helped to assess the • The most affected areas are Koro, Bankass and impact of violent events on agricultural land in the region. Bandiagara cercles, as well as the commune of Mondoro In October 2019, the Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping unit (VAM) of the World Food Programme conducted a geospatial analysis, measuring the • Evidence visible from space degree of change in cultivated areas between 2019 and years prior to translate into situations of the degradation of the security situation, covering Mopti region.
  • Redeployment of the State in Central Mali What Role for the Communities in the Return of State Services in the Mopti and Segou Regions?

    Redeployment of the State in Central Mali What Role for the Communities in the Return of State Services in the Mopti and Segou Regions?

    This project is funded by the European Union Redeployment of the State in Central Mali What role for the communities in the return of state services in the Mopti and Segou regions? Alerted to the emergence of a new conflict in the This permanent mechanism for dialogue seeks to centre of Mali, the Government of Mali developed facilitate a series of negotiations to ensure that the Integrated Security Plan for the Central Re- the return of the state services meets the priority gions (Plan de Sécurisation Intégrée des Régions needs identified by the communities and it does du Centre, PSIRC) in 2017, with its aim to pacify not expose them to reprisals. and stabilize the region by restoring the state’s presence in the area. It is within this context that In addition to roadmaps drawn up jointly by par- in 2018 the Malian government called upon the ties for each of the seven target administrative Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD) to help districts in the Mopti and Ségou regions, these secure the support of local communities. Since 180 leaders, split into district-based dialogue then, HD, with its mandate as a neutral interme- frameworks, are contributing to the return of pu- diary, has been facilitating an ongoing dialogue blic services and to improved collaboration between 180 community leaders, identified to between local communities and state authorities. represent the interests of their communities to A sampling of their achievements, in part due to the public authorities and state representatives HD support, are presented here. involved in the redeployment of public services.
  • Humanitarian Situation Report No. 8

    Humanitarian Situation Report No. 8

    Mali Humanitarian Situation Report No. 8 © UNICEF/C99R1729/Dicko Situation in Numbers 3,500,000 children in need of humanitarian © UNICEF/318A7554/Dicko assistance (OCHA Mali HNO revised Reporting Period: 01 to 31 August 2020 August 2020) Highlights 6,800,000 people in need of humanitarian • A military coup d'etat on August 18, 2020 resulted in the removal of the assistance President and the Government as well as the introduction of political (OCHA Mali HNO revised August 2020) and financial sanctions by the regional organization ECOWAS. • 96,629 (including 23,720 in August) cases of severe malnutrition were treated and 892,846 under 5 five children screened during the seasonal malaria prevention integrated mass campaign. 287,496 • 3,803 children affected by humanitarian crises, in particular due to conflict, were reached with community based psychosocial support in Internally displaced people (National Directorate of Social Development - DNDS. Bamako district, Gao, Kidal, Ménaka, Mopti and Timbuktu regions. Matrix for Monitoring Displacement (DTM),30 July 2020) • UNICEF provided 15,218 Households (91,308 people) with short term emergency water treatment and hygiene kits as well as sustainable water supply services as of August 31, 2020 in Mopti, Gao, Kidal, Timbuktu and Taoudenit regions. • Outbreak of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV2) in the UNICEF Appeal 2020 northern region of Mali with 2 confirmed cases in Menaka region US$ 51,85 million UNICEF’s Response and Funding Status Funds Received $ 16,6 M (33%) Funding gap $ 31,3 M (60 %) Carry-forward, *Funding available includes carry-over and funds received in the current year.
  • MALI Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation As a Means of Empowering Local Government in the Region of Mopti

    MALI Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation As a Means of Empowering Local Government in the Region of Mopti

    ABDOUL K. COULIBALY MAMADOU Y. KEÏTA ROKIA DIARRA KONARÉ AHMED AG ABOUBACRINE MALI Participatory monitoring and evaluation as a means of empowering local government in the region of Mopti Couv CARE.qxd 6/02/08 17:18 Page 2 SNV CARE.qxd 6/02/08 14:20 Page 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 SNV CARE.qxd 6/02/08 14:20 Page 2 FOREWORD According to a Bambara adage, 'He who knows all will not die'.Today, is an evident desire, in many countries of the West African region which have launched decentralisation reforms since the 1990s, to try out new approaches and new methods of cooperation to build local monitoring and evalua- tion (M&E) capacity ! 1. By sharing with the readers some of the experiences and lessons learned from these new M&E approches, this publication aims to make a modest contribution to the know- ledge available on the subject. This publication is for all actors in development, working in the field of decentralisation and local governance, especially practitioners and policymakers working on issues connected with capacity building in the area of monitoring, evaluation and democratic control of local governance structures. The case study presented in this document has been prepared in the context of an exercise that aimed to document, analyse and learn from experiences with different approaches/methods and instruments for building the capacities of different actors in decentralisation and local governance, and in particular, the capacities of local government to monitor and evaluate the outcomes of these complex reform processes. This learning exercise started in Mali.
  • August 2019.Pdf

    August 2019.Pdf

    Mali /Dicko Humanitarian 3I8A7855 3I8A7855 Situation Report UNICEF/ UN UNICEF/ © SITUATION IN NUMBERS Highlights 31 August 2019 • Due to unprecedented humanitarian emergency in the Sahel Region, the level 3,900,000 People in need 2 (L2) emergency for Mali has been activated on August,1, 2019. (Humanitarian Reponses Plan revised - HRP; July 2019) • The number of internal displaced people (IDP) is still on the rise. As of August 2,180,000 Children (<18) in need of 8th, 2019, 168,515 1 people are internally displaced in Mali due to humanitarian assistance intercommunity and armed conflicts, mainly in the central region. (Mali HRP revised July 2019) • Heavy rains and floods have affected nearly 78,000 people, mainly in the 168,515 Internally displaced people regions of Timbuktu, Gao, Segou, Koulikoro, Mopti and Sikasso. (Commission of Movement of Populations Report, 08 August • From January to August, 84,061 children with severe acute malnutrition were 2019) treated whom 23,770 were admitted during the reporting period. 87,627 Internally displaced children • As of August 2019, UNICEF provided short term emergency distribution of (Commission of Population Movements (CMP) Report, 08 household water treatment and hygiene kits as well as sustainable water August 2019) supply services to 179,014 people in the regions of Mopti and Gao. 920 schools closed as of August 2019 • During the reporting period, UNICEF provided 25,341 children affected by (Education Cluster dashboard – August 2019) conflict with psychosocial support and other child protection
  • The Humburi Songhay of Mali Humburi Songhay Are One of Several Songhay People Groups Living in West Africa

    The Humburi Songhay of Mali Humburi Songhay Are One of Several Songhay People Groups Living in West Africa

    Profile Year: 2016 People and Language Detail Profile Language Name: Humburi Senni Songhay ISO Language Code: hmb The Humburi Songhay of Mali Humburi Songhay are one of several Songhay people groups living in West Africa. They speak Humburi Senni, which is sometimes called Central Songhay. The Songhay people emerged from a group who established small settlements around Gao on the banks of the Niger River in the 7th and 8th centuries. The early Songhay were skilled canoeists, fishermen, and hunters, who became skilled in horse and camel riding and took control of trade routes across the Sahara. A powerful Songhay Empire was established in 1464 and lasted until Moroccans conquered them in 1591. Modern day Humburi Songhay primarily live in and around the town of Hombori (within Mali). Most have rectangular mud-brick homes with straw roofs (thatch). Within villages, many houses have corrugated tin roofs. Traditionally, homes were circular and had thatch roofs. Humburi girl by Travellerspoint.com Most people make their living through farming and growing fruit, often in family gardens, and sometimes in larger cultivated fields. Primary Religion: The Songhay are almost entirely Muslim, but their traditional religion Islam strongly influences their daily lives. Their traditional beliefs include ____________________________________________________________ appeasing spirits, magic, witchcraft, sorcery, and ancestor worship. Their Disciples (Matt 28:19): None only hope for deliverance from a life of fear is the truth found in ____________________________________________________________ Scripture, which they need in their own heart language. These people Churches: have very few Christian resources available in any Songhay language, None and most have never heard a clear presentation of the Gospel of Christ.
  • UNICEF Mali Humanitarian Situation Report

    UNICEF Mali Humanitarian Situation Report

    Mali Humanitarian Situation Report ©UN3I8A7554/Dicko UNICEF/ SITUATION IN NUMBERS Highlights 1 30 June 2019 As of 30 June 2019, 147,861 people are internally displaced in Mali due to intercommunity and armed violence, mainly in the central regions. From January to June, several deadly armed attacks occurred in many villages in Mopti Region, 3,200,000 People in need causing hundreds of causalities and wounded and leading to massive internal displacement of over (Humanitarian Needs Overview 2019) 50,643 populations of whom 52% are below the age of 18 years1 In May, 876,805 children under 5 were vaccinated against measles in the northern and Mopti regions. 1,600,000 Children (<18) in need of From January to June, 60,291 children aged 6 to 59 months were treated for severe acute humanitarian assistance malnutrition in the 1,379 health facilities that provide treatment across the country. (UNICEF HAC 2019) As of June 2019, UNICEF had short-term emergency distribution of water and sanitation kits and sustainable water services to 94,530 people of whom (69,330 for temporary access and 25,200 for 76,888 Internally displaced children sustainable access in the regions). (Commission of Population Movements (CMP)Report, 30 From January to June 2019, UNICEF with its implementing partners provided to 65,573 children June 2019) (29,854 girls – 35,719 boys) community psychosocial supports in the regions of Mopti, Tombouctou, Kidal, Gao and the district of Bamako. 147,861 Internally displaced people As of June 2109, UNICEF enabled 42,638 children to access formal schools as well as informal learning (CMP Report, 30 June 2019) centers2.
  • Mali Livestock for Growth (L4g) Monthly Report No

    Mali Livestock for Growth (L4g) Monthly Report No

    MALI LIVESTOCK FOR GROWTH (L4G) MONTHLY REPORT NO. 52 MALI LIVESTOCK FOR GROWTH (L4G) MONTHLY REPORT NO. 52 Date: February 2019 Contract Number: AID-688-C-14-00004 Submitted to: USAID | Mali Prepared by: AECOM International Development DISCLAIMER: The authors’ views expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Monthly Report No. 52 | Mali Livestock for Growth (L4G) i TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................................................................. 2 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................................ 3 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 COMPONENT 1: INCREASED livestock PRODUCTIVITY.................................................................................. 4 SUB IR 1.1. ENHANCED TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, DISSEMINATION, AND MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................................................ 4 SUB-IR 1.2 INCREASE ACCESS TO QUALITY INPUTS AND SERVICES ......................................... 6 SUB-IR 1.3 IMPROVED PASTURELAND AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT.............. 7 SUB-IR 1.4 IMPROVED COMMUNITY LITERACY, NUMERACY AND
  • Reversing Central Mali's Descent Into Communal Violence

    Reversing Central Mali's Descent Into Communal Violence

    Reversing Central Mali’s Descent into Communal Violence Africa Report N°293 | 9 November 2020 Translation from French Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 235 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. A Spiral of Violence .......................................................................................................... 3 III. A Space in Crisis: Roots and Recent Developments ........................................................ 5 A. A Difficult Cohabitation ............................................................................................. 5 B. The Pastoral Crisis ..................................................................................................... 6 C. The Land Rush ........................................................................................................... 7 D. The Governance Crisis ............................................................................................... 8 IV. An Increasingly Militarised and Communal Conflict ...................................................... 10 A. Jihadists: From Unifying Rhetoric to Communal Violence ...................................... 10 B. The Dana Ambassagou Self-defence