CHICAGO MANUSCRIPT FORMAT
Bishkek, 2015 CHICAGO MANUSCRIPT FORMAT Contents
I. GENERAL ESSAY FORMAT 06 II. PUNCTUATION 07 Quotes Author’s Name in Text
Quote from Source Quotes within Quotes
Sources Already Cited Later Reference
Footnotes or Endnotes
III. PREPARING THE BIBLIOGRAPHY 09 Alphabetizing the List Indenting and Line Spacing
IV. FORMATTING SOURCES 10 Books 10 A book with one author A book published in a second or subsequent edition A book by two or three A book by four or more authors authors
An edited book A book with no author given
A book or work by an Indirect citations - citations association or institution from a secondary source
A book with one author A book published in a second or subsequent edition
Works by the same first authors, Works by the same author, published in the same year published in the same year
Citing more than one author at Electronic books one point in the text Book chapters 15 A chapter in a book A chapter in an edited book
Journal articles 16 Print version Accessed from a database in the same format as the original (PDF)
Accessed from a website Accessed from a website in in the same format as the a format different from the original (PDF) print version (HTML) – may not give page numbers, or page range.
Accessed from a site which Articles by the same author provides an electronic- only version of a journal
CHICAGO MANUSCRIPT FORMAT Newspaper articles 19 Author known Unsigned articles
Newspaper article accessed from a database - format not identical to original
Statutes or Laws 20 Public laws Statutes at Large
Conference papers 21 Published paper Unpublished paper
Encyclopedia and Dictionaries 22
Theses or Dissertations 22 Print version Accessed electronically
Web Documents 23 Websites Website Documents
Forum or conference posting E-mails
Example Notes and Bibliography 25
PAGE 5 I. GENERAL ESSAY FORMAT
Length: Will be fixed by a Course Organizer Language: Russian or English Paper: A4 size, Portrait form Font: Times New Roman Font Size: 12 Margins: All 1 inch (2.54cm) Line Spacing: 1.5 Footnotes Font Size: 10 Page Numbering: All pages should be numbered in the following style: “Page X of Y” where X represents the current page number, and Y the total number of pages. Such numbering should appear either at the very top or very bottom of each page.
CHICAGO MANUSCRIPT FORMAT II. PUNCTUATION QUOTES QUOTES WITHIN QUOTES References in text are numbered in the If in reading you find that the author of a order they appear in the text. The citation book or article, for example, has quoted the is indicated by a superscript Arabic numeral: work of someone such as another author, as often happens, and you would like to use AUTHOR’S NAME IN TEXT that quote, but the Library does not have Example: the primary source from which it was taken, This point has already been argued by then you can quote it, but put it in two sets Moulthrop1 of quotation marks: “‘ ’” . The two sets of QUOTE FROM SOURCE quotation marks: double quotation marks followed by single quotation marks (or vice If you quote directly from a passage in an versa), indicates you are quoting a quote. article or a book, etc., then the part quoted In footing this, you should give the primary should be put in quotation marks: “”, and reference for the quote, and then say that acknowledged in a footnote; you should it was quoted by whoever in the relevant also indent the quote. journal or book. Example: Example: “The Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against R. Williams, The Long Revolution (1975), Defamation, the Human Rights Campaign quoted in D. Spencer, Man Made Language (HRC), the National Gay and Lesbian Task (1985), 45 Force (NGLTF), and Parents, Families and In the bibliography list you should mention Friends of Lesbians and Gays, along with both books separately. an assortment of religious, ethnic, feminist and civil rights groups, have all pursued hate crimes legislation.”2
PAGE 7 SOURCES ALREADY CITED LATER REFERENCE USING ‘IBID’ USING ‘INFRA’ This is an abbreviation of ‘ibidem’ which Anticipatory references to a work that means ‘in the same place’, and directs the will eventually be cited in full use “infra” reader to back to the immediately preceding (meaning “below” or “within”). footnote. If it is exactly the same reference, Example: including an identical page or pinpoint 4. K. Ishiyama, “Japanese Estate Taxes” reference, then a simple ‘ibid’ is all that is (1996), Japan Law Review 14-93, at 52. See necessary in the next footnote. If it is the also Matthews, infra footnote 6. same reference but with a different page 5. C.L. Gold, “Transfer Taxes,” in Donnelly number, write ‘ibid’ followed by the new and Donnelly, supra footnote 1, 224-309, at pinpoint reference. For example: 300. Example: 6. Donald Matthews, “Estate Law and the 12. Michael Brogan and David Spencer, Internet,” The Globe and Mail, January 14, Surviving Law School (2004) 240. 1996. 13. Ibid. 14. Ibid 243. (where 243 indicates the page number) FOOTNOTES OR USING ‘SUPRA’ ENDNOTES Use this when you have already listed a full reference earlier in your footnotes, but Footnotes appear at the bottom of the page where other footnotes have intervened so where the noted source is cited. Endnotes you can’t use ‘ibid’. You can use ‘supra appear at the end of the paper in the order n’ (where n refers to a previous footnote that the citations appeared. Both endnotes number) and a different page number: and footnotes are numbered to correspond to the citation number, followed by a period Example: and one space. 16. Bryan Garner, The Elements of Legal Style (2nd Ed, 2002) 40. 17. Michael Brogan and David Spencer, Surviving Law School (2004) 240. 18. Garner, supra n 16, 42. (where 16 indicates the number of the footnote listed earlier and 42 indicates the page number)
CHICAGO MANUSCRIPT FORMAT III. PREPARING THE BIBLIOGRAPHY
Typically, the notes in Chicago- style papers are followed by a bibliography, an alphabetically ALPHABETIZING THE LIST arranged list of all the works Alphabetize the bibliography by the last names of the cited or consulted. Center the authors (or editors); when a work has no author or title Bibliography about one editor, alphabetize it by the first word of the title other inch from the top of the page. than A, An, or The. Number bibliography pages consecutively with the rest of If your list includes two or more works by the same the paper. author, use three hyphens instead of the author’s name in all entries after the first. You may arrange the All sources should be cited in the entries alphabetically by title or by date; be consistent following order: throughout the bibliography. 1. Primary sources (statues, treaties, and etc.); 2. Books; 3. Articles and Newspapers; 4. Web sources, CD’s, and etc. INDENTING AND LINE SPACING Begin each entry at the left margin, and indent any additional lines one-half inch (or five spaces). Single-space each entry and double-space between entries (unless your instructor prefers double-spacing throughout).
PAGE 9 IV. FORMATTING SOURCES BOOKS A BOOK WITH A BOOK PUBLISHED ONE AUTHOR IN A SECOND OR ELEMENTS OF THE CITATION: FIRST REFERENCE SUBSEQUENT EDITION Author Name Surname, Title of Book - in italics (Place of publication: Name of ELEMENTS OF THE CITATION: FIRST REFERENCE Publisher, Year of publication), page number. Author Name Surname, Title of Book - in SUBSEQUENT REFERENCE italics, number ed. (Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication), page Author Surname, Title of Book - in italics number. and shortened if more than 4 words, page number. SUBSEQUENT REFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY Author Surname, Title of Book - in italics and shortened if more than 4 words, page number. Author Surname, Author Name. Title of Book - in italics. Place of publication: Name BIBLIOGRAPHY of Publisher, Year of publication. Author Surname, Author Name. Title of Book Example: - in italics. Number ed. Place of publication: First reference Name of Publisher, Year of publication. 1. Joseph Migga Kizza, Computer Network Example: Security and Cyberethics (Jefferson, N.C.: First reference McFarland, 2002), 35. 3. Alan Fenna, Australian Public Policy, 2nd ed., Subsequent reference (Frenchs Forest, N.S.W. : Pearson Education 5. Kizza, Computer Network Security, 39. Australia, 2004), 42. Bibliography Subsequent reference Kizza, Joseph Migga. Computer Network 5. Fenna, Australian Public Policy, 47. Security and Cyberethics. Jefferson, N.C.: Bibliography McFarland, 2002. Fenna, Alan. Australian Public Policy. 2nd ed. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Education Australia, 2004.
CHICAGO MANUSCRIPT FORMAT A BOOK BY TWO OR A BOOK BY FOUR THREE AUTHORS OR MORE AUTHORS ELEMENTS OF THE CITATION: FIRST REFERENCE ELEMENTS OF THE CITATION: FIRST REFERENCE Author Name Surname and Author Name Author Name Surname et al. , Title of Book Surname, Title of Book - in italics (Place - in italics, number ed. (Place of publication: of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of Name of publisher, Year of publication), publication), page number. page number. SUBSEQUENT REFERENCE SUBSEQUENT REFERENCE Author Surname and Author Surname, Title Author Surname et al. , Title of Book - in of Book - in italics and shortened if more italics and shortened if more than 4 words, than 4 words, page number. page number. BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY Author Surname, Author Name and Author Author Surname, Author Name, Author Name Surname. Title of Book - in italics. Name Surname, Author Name Surname Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year and Author Name Surname. Title of Book - of publication. in italics. Number ed. Place of publication: Example: Name of Publisher, Year of publication. First reference Example: 7. Ken Coates and Carin Holroyd, Japan and First reference the Internet Revolution (New York: Palgrave 11. David Besanko et al. Economics of Macmillan, 2003), 15. Strategy, 3rd ed. (New York: J. Wiley, 2003), Subsequent reference 23. 9. Coates and Holroyd, Japan and the Subsequent reference Internet, 19. 13. Besanko et al. , Economics of Strategy, Bibliography 37 Coates, Ken and Carin Holroyd. Japan and Bibliography the Internet Revolution. New York: Palgrave, Besanko, David, David Dranove, Mark 2003. Shanley, and Scott Schaefer. Economics of Strategy. 3rd ed. New York: J. Wiley, 2003. Note: All authors’ names are reproduced in full
PAGE 11 ONE VOLUME OF AN EDITED BOOK A MULTI-VOLUME ELEMENTS OF THE CITATION: FIRST REFERENCE Editor Name Surname, ed. , Title of Book - in italics (Place of WORK publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication), page number. Example: SUBSEQUENT REFERENCE First reference 9. J. William Pfeiffer, ed. , Editor surname, Title of Book - in italics and shortened if more Theories and Models in Applied than 4 words, page number. Behavioural Science, vol. 4, BIBLIOGRAPHY Organizational (San Diego: Pfeiffer, 1991), 34. Editor Surname, Editor Name, ed. Title of Book - in italics. Place Subsequent reference of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication. 11. Pfeiffer, Theories and Example: Models: Organizational, 42. First reference Bibliography 1. Margit Misangyi Watts, ed. , Technology: Taking the Distance Pfeiffer, J. William. Theories and out of Learning (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003), 73. Models in Applied Behavioural Subsequent reference Science. Vol. 4, Organizational. 4. Watts, Technology, 96. San Diego: Pfeiffer, 1991. Bibliography Watts, Margit Misangyi, ed. Technology: Taking the Distance out of Learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003. A BOOK WITH NO AUTHOR GIVEN ELEMENTS OF THE CITATION: FIRST REFERENCE Title of Book - in italics, number ed. (Place Example: of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of First reference publication), page number. 16. Style Manual for Authors, Editors and Printers, 5th ed. (Canberra: Australian SUBSEQUENT REFERENCE Government Publishing Service, 1996), sec. Title of Book - in italics and shortened, page 9.57. number. Subsequent reference 20. Style Manual, sec. 9.59. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bibliography Title of Book - in italics. Number ed. Place of Style Manual for Authors, Editors and publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication. Printers, 5th ed. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1996.
CHICAGO MANUSCRIPT FORMAT A BOOK OR WORK INDIRECT CITATIONS BY AN ASSOCIATION - CITATIONS FROM A OR INSTITUTION SECONDARY SOURCE
ELEMENTS OF THE CITATION: FIRST REFERENCE These occur when you choose to cite the work of an author using a reference/citation made Name of Organisation, Title of Book - in by another author i.e. you do not examine italics, number ed. (Place of publication: the original work. Details of both the original Name of Publisher, Year of publication), and secondary source must be listed. page number. Example: SUBSEQUENT REFERENCE Secondary sources cited in your notes Name of Organisation - shortened if 1. Sheila Allen, “Some Theoretical Problems in appropriate, Title of Book - in italics and the Study of Youth, “Sociological Review 16, shortened, page number. no. 3 (1968): 1, quoted in Johanna Wyn and Rob White, Rethinking Youth (St Leonards, BIBLIOGRAPHY N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 1997), 8. Name of Organisation. Title of Book - in Bibliography italics. Number ed. Place of publication: Allen, Sheila. “Some Theoretical Problems in Name of Publisher, Year of publication. the Study of Youth.” Sociological Review 16, no. 3 (1968): 1. Quoted in Johanna Wyn and Example: Rob White. Rethinking Youth. St Leonards First reference N.S.W. : Allen & Unwin, 1997, 8. 21. National Gallery of Australia, The Eye of the Storm: Eight Contemporary Indigenous Artists, 2nd ed. (Canberra: National Gallery of Australia, 1997),15. WORKS BY THE SAME FIRST Subsequent reference 27. National Gallery of Australia, The Eye of AUTHORS, PUBLISHED IN the Storm, 19. Bibliography THE SAME YEAR National Gallery of Australia. The Eye of the Storm: Eight Contemporary Indigenous Single author entries come first in the bibliography Artists, 2nd ed. Canberra: National Gallery Example: of Australia, 1997. Robbins, Stephen. P. Organizational Behaviour. 11th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall, 2004. Robbins, Stephen P. and David A. DeCenzo. Fundamentals of Management: Essential Concepts and Applications. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall, 2004.
PAGE 13 WORKS BY THE SAME FIRST WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHORS, PUBLISHED IN AUTHOR, PUBLISHED IN THE THE SAME YEAR SAME YEAR Single author entries come first in the In your bibliography, order these works bibliography alphabetically according to the title of the Example: work. Ignore any initial “The”, “A” or “An” Robbins, Stephen. P. Organizational in the title. A dash replaces the repeated Behaviour. 11th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J. author name : Prentice Hall, 2004. Example: Robbins, Stephen P. and David A. DeCenzo. Blainey, Geoffrey. Black Kettle and Full Fundamentals of Management: Essential Moon: Daily Life in a Vanished Australia. Concepts and Applications. 5th ed. Upper Camberwell, Victoria: Penguin/Viking, 2003. Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall, 2004. ----. The Rush the Never Ended: A History of Australian Mining. 5th ed. Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Press, 2003. CITING MORE THAN ONE AUTHOR AT ONE POINT IN ELECTRONIC BOOKS ELEMENTS OF THE CITATION: FIRST REFERENCE THE TEXT Author Name Surname and Author Name Several citations can be included in a single Surname, Title of Book - in italics (Place footnote, separated by a semi-colon. of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication), URL (date of access). Example: Multiple references cited in your notes SUBSEQUENT REFERENCE 1. Zygmunt Bauman, Globalization and Author Surname and Author Surname, Title Culture (Oxford: Polity Press, 1999), 6; of Book - in italics and shortened if more John Tomlinson Globalization: The Human than 4 words. Consequences (London: Routledge, 1999), 11. BIBLIOGRAPHY Multiple references cited in your Author Surname, Author Name and Author bibliography (Create separate entries). Name Surname. Title of Book - in italics. Bauman, Zygmunt. Globalization and Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year Culture. Oxford: Polity Press, 1999. of publication. URL (date of access) Tomlinson, John. Globalization: The Human Consequences. London: Routledge, 1999.
CHICAGO MANUSCRIPT FORMAT Example: First reference 1. Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, The Founders’ Constitution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987),
PAGE 15 A CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK ELEMENTS OF THE CITATION: FIRST REFERENCE Example: Author of chapter - Name Surname, “Title First reference of Chapter,” in Title of Book - in italics, ed. 3. Barry M. Maid, “No Magic Answer,” in Editor Name Surname, page number (Place Technology: Taking the Distance out of of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of Learning, ed. Margit Mesangyi Watts, 21 publication). (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003). SUBSEQUENT REFERENCE Note: The page reference is inserted before Author of chapter Surname, “Title of the publishing details. Chapter - shortened,” page number. Subsequent reference BIBLIOGRAPHY 6. Maid, “No Magic Answer,” 24. Bibliography Author of chapter Surname, Name. “Title of Maid, Barry M. “No Magic Answer.” In Chapter.” In Title of Book - in italics, edited by Technology: Taking the Distance out of Editor Name Surname. Place of publication: Learning, edited by Margit Mesangyi Watts. Name of Publisher, Year of publication. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003. JOURNAL ARTICLES PRINT VERSION ELEMENTS OF THE CITATION: FIRST REFERENCE Author Name Surname and Author Name BIBLIOGRAPHY Surname, “Title of Article - in double Author Surname, Name and Author Name quotation marks,” Title of Journal - in italics Surname. “Title of Article - in double volume number, no. issue number (Year of quotation marks.” Title of Journal - in italics publication): page number. Volume number, no. issue number (Year of SUBSEQUENT REFERENCE publication): page range of article Author surname, “Shortened title,” page number.
CHICAGO MANUSCRIPT FORMAT Example: First reference ACCESSED FROM A WEBSITE 1. Mihir Parikh and Sameer Verma, “Utilizing Internet Technologies to Support Learning: IN THE SAME FORMAT AS THE An Empirical Analysis,” International Journal of Information Management 22, no. 1 ORIGINAL (PDF) (2002): 31. Example: Subsequent reference First reference 5. Parikh and Verma, “Utilizing Internet 9. Tim Sprod, “Philosophy, Young People and Technologies,” 43. Well-being,” Youth Studies Australia 18, no. Bibliography 2 (1999): 13;
PAGE 17 and Consequences”;
CHICAGO MANUSCRIPT FORMAT NEWSPAPER ARTICLES AUTHOR KNOWN UNSIGNED ARTICLES ELEMENTS OF THE CITATION: FIRST REFERENCE Unsigned articles can be cited directly in the text, (in brackets), or cited briefly in a Author Name Surname, “Title of Article, note. They are not normally included in the “Newspaper name - in italics (City of bibliography. publication), Month day, Year of publication, edition number. Example: 5. Courier Mail (Brisbane), December 3, BIBLIOGRAPHY 2004. Author Surname, Name. “Title of Article.” Newspaper name - in italics (City of publication), Month day, Year of publication, NEWSPAPER ARTICLE edition number. Example: ACCESSED FROM A First reference 1. Stephen Cauchi, “World’s Green Markers DATABASE - FORMAT NOT on the Brink,” Age (Melbourne), October 16, 2004, first edition. IDENTICAL TO ORIGINAL Subsequent reference 4. Cauchi, “World’s Green Markers”. Include the URL of the main entrance of the database service, as well as edition and Note: Because there may be several editions section details. of the paper on one day, with items moved or eliminated, page numbers are best omitted. Example: Adding the name of the newspaper section, 6. Henry Gee, “A Breed Apart,” Age and the edition, may be useful. (Melbourne), October 29, 2004, first edition, A3.
PAGE 19 Statutes are published in several different sources, and STATUTES the particular source must be specified. Statutes may be included in the bibliography, OR LAWS but they are often cited only in notes. Be consistent.
PUBLIC LAWS Statutes are first published separately, being referred to as slip laws or public laws. Example: First Reference. Include page reference(s) if appropriate. 35. Border Smog Reduction Act of 1998, Public Law 286, 105th Cong., 1st sess., (27 October 1998), 3. Bibliography Border Smog Reduction Act of 1998. Public Law 286. 105th Cong., 1st sess., 27 October 1998. STATUTES AT LARGE After individual publication, laws are collected in bound volumes entitled United States Statutes at Large. Example: First Reference. Include specific page reference(s) if appropriate. 48. Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, U.S. Statutes at Large 102 (1989): 4194, 4227. Bibliography Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988. U.S. Statutes at Large 102 (1989): 4181-4545.
CHICAGO MANUSCRIPT FORMAT CONFERENCE PAPERS
in the 21st Century: Proceedings of PUBLISHED PAPER the International Society for Ecological Economics Conference, Canberra, 4 July ELEMENTS OF THE CITATION: FIRST REFERENCE 2000. Canberra: Australian Heritage Author Name Surname, “Title of Paper,” Commission, 2001. in Conference Proceedings name - in italics (Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year of publication), page number. UNPUBLISHED PAPER SUBSEQUENT REFERENCE Example: Author Surname, “Title of Paper - 6. Anna Byas, “Family Law: Old Shadows shortened,” page number. and New Directions” (paper presented to BIBLIOGRAPHY the 8th Australian Institute of Family Studies Conference, Melbourne, February 12-14, Author Surname, Name. “Title of Paper.” 2003). In Conference Proceedings name - in italics. Bibliography Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year Byas, Anna. “Family Law: Old Shadows and of publication. New Directions.” Paper presented to the Example: 8th Australian Institute of Family Studies First reference Conference, Melbourne, February 12-14, 1. Mick Common, “The Role of Economics 2003. in Natural Heritage Decision Making,” in Heritage Economics: Challenges for Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the International Society for Ecological Economics Conference, Canberra, 4 July 2000 (Canberra: Australian Heritage Commission, 2001), 22. Subsequent reference 4. Common, “Role of Economics,” 25. Bibliography Common, Mick. “The Role of Economics in Natural Heritage Decision Making.” In Heritage Economics: Challenges for Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development
PAGE 21 References to well-known encyclopedia and dictionaries ENCYCLOPEDIA AND are normally cited in notes, and not in the bibliography. • Omit the details of publication, DICTIONARIES but specify the edition, if it is not the first. Example in footnote: • References to an 1. Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th ed. , s.v. “Salvation.” alphabetically arranged work Other reference works may be listed with their publication do not cite the volume or details page number. Instead they Example in footnote: cite the item, preceded by s.v. 1. International encyclopedia of business and management, (Latin = “under the word”). 2nd ed., ed. Malcolm Warner (London: Thomson Learning, 2002), s.v. “Educational Marketing.” THESES OR DISSERTATIONS PRINT VERSION ELEMENTS OF THE CITATION: FIRST REFERENCE Example: Author Name Surname, “Title of Thesis” First reference (Award/type of thesis, Name of academic 1. Maritza Ivonne Byrne, “Self-talk and Test institution under whose auspices study was Anxiety” (PhD thesis, Monash University, taken, Year of preparation), page number. Melbourne, 1996), 7. SUBSEQUENT REFERENCE Subsequent reference Author Surname, “Title of Thesis - 5. Byrne, “Self-talk,” 10. shortened,” page number. Bibliography Byrne, Maritza Ivonne “Self-talk and Test BIBLIOGRAPHY Anxiety.” PhD thesis, Monash University, Author Surname, Name. “Title of Thesis.” Melbourne, 1996. Award/type of thesis, Name of academic institution, Year of preparation.
CHICAGO MANUSCRIPT FORMAT ACCESSED ELECTRONICALLY Example: First reference Bibliography 1. Timothy Robert Kurz, “A Psychology of Kurz, Timothy Robert. “A Psychology of Environmentally Sustainable Behaviour” (PhD Environmentally Sustainable Behaviour.” thesis, Murdoch University, Perth, 2003), PhD thesis, Murdoch University, Perth, 2003. 9;
PRINT VERSION ELEMENTS OF THE CITATION: FIRST REFERENCE Notes: The access date is included if the Agency author of content, “Title of Page,” site is likely to have substantive updates, or Owner of the site;
PAGE 23 WEBSITE DOCUMENTS ELEMENTS OF THE CITATION: FIRST REFERENCE Author Name Surname, “Title of Document / page,” Owner of site;
CHICAGO MANUSCRIPT FORMAT EXAMPLE FOOTNOTES NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
THIS IS WHAT YOUR FOOTNOTES SHOULD LOOK LIKE (positioned at the bottom of the page) 1. Lawrence D. Longley and Neal R. Peirce, The Electoral College Primer 2000 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999). 2. Office of Federal Register, “A Procedural Guide to the Electoral College,” Electoral College Homepage;
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