THE MARIAN LIBRARY International Marian Research Institute Newsletter Issue Number 59 Autumn, 2012

ARCHBISHOP FULTON SHEEN —“Venerable Servant of ”

n June 28, 2012, Benedict XVI promoted winning an Emmy Award in 1953, the only time an theO decree recognizing the “heroic virtue” of Arch- Emmy award was given to a religious program in bishop Fulton J. Sheen, which is a significant step prime-time television. He wrote ninety-six books, on the road to being a of the . with Peace of Soul (1949), and Life is Worth Living At this stage, Archbishop Sheen’s title is “Vener- (1953) as the most popular. Among the notable able Servant of God.” The cause for canonization converts to Catholicism whom he influenced were was first opened in New York by Cardinal John Heywood Broun, Louis Budenz, Clare Boothe Luce. O’Connor. In 2002, Bishop David R. Jenky, CSC, of The televangelist Robert Schuler of the Crystal Peoria, Illinois, the birthplace and home diocese of Cathedral had a bronze stature of Bishop Sheen Bishop Sheen, began the official diocesan inquiry. included among his great American preachers. Examination of testimony from acquaintances and Bishop Sheen’s programs, always concluding with his writings produced 10,000 pages that were then “Good-bye now, and God loves you,” attracted summarized in two volumes called Positio stating people of all faiths. the reasons that Fulton Sheen should be recognized by the Church as a saint. These volumes were The Marian Library of studied by theologians, bishops, and scholars from the University of Day- the Congregation for the Causes of the . The ton was happy to honor process continues, and the reported miraculous him as the first recipient healing of a stillborn baby through the Venerable of the Marian Library Bishop Sheen’s intercession is now being studied. Medal. On June 10, 1953, Fr. Lawrence Mon- Fulton Sheen (1895-1979) was among the most well- heim, S.M., at the time known churchmen of the twentieth century. He director of the Marian was born in El Paso, Illinois; he attended St. Mary’s Library, presented the School, Spalding Institute, Peoria, Illinois (at the award to him in New time staffed by the Brothers of Mary), St. Viator’s York City for his book College and Seminary in Bourbannais, Illinois, Fr. Lawrence Monheim, S.M., pre- The World’s First Love, St. Paul Seminary in St. Paul, Minnesota, Catholic senting the Marian Library Medal a work which revealed University of America and the Catholic University to Sheen in 1953 the bishop’s love of and of Louvain in . He was ordained to the devotion to the Blessed Mother, as well as his posi- priesthood in St. Mary’s Cathedral for the diocese tive approach to religious questions. of Peoria, in 1919. Shortly thereafter, he became a teacher of philosophy at Catholic University in “Everyone,” he wrote, Washington, DC. In 1950, he became the national “wants something to live director of the Society for the Propagation of the for; everyone is seeking Faith (which he described as “the greatest philan- God through the pursuit of thropic and charitable organization in the world”), life, knowledge, and love.” then Auxiliary Bishop of New York, and finally Similarly, when speaking Archbishop of Rochester (1966-1969). He died in about Our Blessed Mother, New York in 1979. he began by saying “Ev- eryone carries within his An extraordinary communicator, he began in 1932 heart a blueprint of the one the “Catholic Hour” radio programs (broadcast on he loves.” Mary is “what Sunday afternoon and continuing for twenty-two God wanted us all to be.... years). From 1951 to 1957, he hosted the highly she speaks of herself as acclaimed television series “Life is Worth Living,” the ‘eternal blueprint in the Mind of God,’ the one whom God loved before she was a creature.” “Everyone carries within The first part ofThe World’s First Love is devoted to the two pivotal doctrines of the Immaculate Con- his heart a ception and the Assumption. The opening chapter speaks of God’s love for Mary: “Everyone is in love blueprint of with an ideal love. That ideal love is . . . the same ideal that God had in his heart from all eternity the one he – the Lady whom he called ‘Mother.’” The Assump- tion corresponds to the two fundamental human loves.” desires – love and life. God’s love for Mary lifted her; it exerted a gravitational pull. The Assump- tion affirms the beauty of all life, including the life that continues after death. The second part of The World’s First Love deals with humanity’s love of quently concluded his Marian programs reciting Mary: “The Woman the World Loves.” The seven the poem “Lovely Lady Dressed in Blue.” recorded words of Mary are related to the “Seven Laws of Love.” The final chapter, “The of His autobiography Treasure in Clay is an honest the World,” describes how the peoples of the world account acknowledging his successes along with – including the ancient civilizations, Muslims, the his weaknesses. He speaks of sufferings coming Chinese – have sought the Eternal Feminine, most from others and also of tensions between members clearly exemplified in the Virgin Mary. of the Church. Although, he said, the media would love a chapter on the Church people with whom he When his television competitors asked him who his had difficulties, “better,” he said, “to leave judge- writers were, he replied “Matthew, Mark, Luke, ment to God.” and John.” Along with Scripture, his “intellectual larder” included classical philosophy and litera- With this broad spirit, he recalled some of his ture, poetry, while he always searched for some experiences from his high-school years at Spald- opening to the human heart. At the bishop’s death, ing Institute, Peoria. He recalled that in his senior the Jesuit periodical America stated that the secret year he was the class valedictorian, “although the of his power was the joining of “an educated and Brothers were never very well pleased with me as thinking head with a generous and feeling heart, ” a valedictorian.” He also remembered how he lost calling him “the greatest evangelizer in the history the trigonometry award because he did not listen to of the Catholic Church in the United States.” the instructions to the very end:

His life gives witness to many practices which A trigonometry medal was given at the end of were part of the Catholic life. On his blackboard on the year for the highest mark in that subject. television he began by writing JMJ (, Mary, Ralph Buechel and I were tied, each with 100 Joseph), a practice he he learned from a Sister percent for the year. To work off the tie, three in grade school. The “daily three ’s” he problems in trigonometry were given to us in remembered from the Brothers of Mary in high a special examination. The third problem I school. At his , he resolved to spend one recalled from the trigonometry book; as soon as hour every day in before the Blessed Sacra- the Brother started reading it, I worked it out ment, and to celebrate Mass every Saturday in from memory. When the papers were examined, honor of the Blessed Mother. He made over thirty I received 66 and 2/3 percent; Ralph received pilgrimages to and ten to Fatima. He fre- 100 percent and the medal. I said to the Brother afterward: I think that third problem of mine was right because I remember it from the manual.”

“Oh,” he said, “yes, it was right according to the book, but you were not listening to me; so I changed the angle of the flagpole and that is the reason you lost the medal.”

Nevertheless, he had graciously stated that the Brothers of Mary were “excellent teachers, given TIME Magazine cover, to discipline, yet much beloved.” n April 14, 1952

2 HOLY CARDS: An Enduring and Endearing Catholic Tradition

atholics are familiar with holyC cards: small, religious images on paper that have long been distributed to children in , during catechisms and given as remembrances of bap- countless other aspects. The Marian tisms, First Communions, Library houses tens of thousands of or bereavements. They are holy cards with collections that repre- often carried privately in the sent a comprehensive range of Marian pocket or wallet, or slipped topics, artistic styles, techniques (in- into the pages of a Bible or cluding delicate paper lace and cards prayerbook; serving as simple handpainted with exquisite detail), and personal reminders of a as well as historical, rare, and unique significant religious event or cards, in addition to current printings. devotion. A well-represented era in the Library’s The earliest known holy cards collections is the late 19th century, were handmade in European monasteries using particularly cards of French origin. Parisian pub- xylography, a woodcut printing technique. These lishers like Bouasse Lebel, Charles Letaille, and early images were often printed onto parch- others began printing holy cards on paper “lace.” ment (a material made from animal skin), dating This quite popular and exquisite feature, surpris- back to the 15th century. With the invention of ingly, was not originally intended to create a pat- the printing press as well as the spread of paper tern of lacelike designs, yet was a happy accident production in Europe around 1500, cards began of the embossing process. The accidental lace was to be produced more abundantly. As production quickly adopted as a technique and is quite repre- broadened outside of the monastic communities, sentative of holy cards of this provenance. religious cards were now supplied by engrav- ers and print-sellers, particularly in , The card to the right, published by Bouasse Lebel Belgium, , and . By the middle of the circa 1880, shows the Child Jesus sleeping soundly 19th century was the center of religious in Mary’s arms. The lace image printing, with many publishing houses design encourages a sense concentrated around the Rue Saint-Sulpice. of movement and depth while depicting a rich and Today, holy cards endure as Catholic sacramen- distinctive scene. Looking tals, but they have evolved to merit additional closely at the lace design, dimensions of both collectability and historical one may notice familiar significance. Marian motifs such as the lilies in the upper left corner, symbolizing HOLY CARDS IN THE MARIAN LIBRARY purity and heavenly bliss (sometimes called Mary’s The Virgin Mary has long been a popular subject symbol). The trees, seen of holy cards. One can find a range of Marian towards the bottom of the devotions, symbols, and art depicted on religious card, are a symbol of faith. cards. In the Marian Library, one can find cards with images relating to Marian apparitions, the Jillian Slater life of Mary, Mary in doctrine, Marian titles, and Marian Library Archivist n

3 introduced American readers to such European THE CUNNEEN Catholic thinkers as Emmanuel Mounier and Teil- hard de Chardin, and provided a forum for authors COLLECTION such as Edward Schillebeeckx, Raimundo Panik- kar, and Thomas Berry on contemporary religious T he Marian Library recent- issues such as feminism, environmentalism, and ly acquired the papers of interfaith dialogue.) The collection contains manu- the late Marian scholar and scripts, course materials, articles, correspondence, author Sally Cunneen, who journals, and research materials, including Mrs. died October 30, 2009. Mrs. Cunneen’s original research for In Search of Mary Cunneen was the author of as well as material on Catholic and Marian topics. a number of books includ- This collection is avail- ing In Search of Mary: The able for research at the Woman and the Symbol and Mother Church: What Marian Library. Her hus- the Experience of Women is Teaching Her. With band, Joseph E. Cunneen, her husband Joseph, she founded the ecumenical a noted film critic, died quarterly Cross Currents in 1950, and they both in 2012. n edited the journal until they retired in 1998. (Cross Sally and Joseph Cunneen, 1992 Currents, an international ecumenical quarterly, (CNS/University of Dayton)

Marian Update

DOCUMENT OF APPARITIONS certain prophetic character (cf. I Thess. 5:19-21) and can be a valuable aid for better understanding On December 14, 2011, the Congregation of the and living the Gospel at a certain times; conse- Doctrine of the Faith issued a document, originally quently it should not be treated lightly. It is a help formulated in 1978 and sent in Latin as a confidential which is proffered, but its use is not obligatory. In document to the bishops of the world, concerning the any event, it must be a matter of nourishing faith, norms for verifying apparitions This document had hope and love, which are for everyone the perma- received the approval of Paul VI in 1978, but it was nent path of salvation.” never officially published nor translated. In 2012, the document was made public and translated into The 1978 document provided criteria, positive several languages. and negative, to help bishops in determining the veracity of apparitions. Among the positive criteria In the prefatory remarks to the document, Cardinal were a message free from doctrinal errors, and Levada, prefect of the Congregation of the Doctrine the positive personal qualities of the seer, such as of the Faith, noted that the recent document from the an exemplary life, practice of the faith, and psy- Synod of Bishops, “The Word of God in the Church,” chological stability; negative criteria include the had referred to apparitions within the whole frame- absence of any supernatural sign confirming the work of the economy of salvation. The definitive revelation, and indications of a search for notori- and final word of revelation has been given in Jesus ety, profit or gain. If the initial examination results Christ, and no new public revelation is awaited. The in a favorable conclusion, the bishop could, with a role of private revelation is “not to complete Christ’s prudent provisional judgment, permit public wor- definitive revelation but to help [us] live more fully ship. After a sufficient period, and if the signs of a by it in a certain period of history ... A private revela- supernatural occurrence continue, the bishop could tion can introduce new emphases, give rise to new issue a judgment that there is evidence of a super- forms of piety or deepen older ones. It can have a natural occurrence and it is worthy of belief.

4 COLLECTION OF MASSES OF THE necessary updates so that it conforms to the text of the Roman Missal, Third Edition.” BLESSED VIRGIN MARY Both the Catholic Book Publishing Company and The newsletter from the NCCB’s Committee on Di- Liturgical Press, who published the Collection vine Worship notes that “a complete revision of the previously, will also publish this reprint. The text translations found in the Collection of Masses of the should be ready for purchase by September, 2012 Blessed Virgin Mary is not currently foreseen, so the Congregation for Divine Worship gave permis- sion to reprint Volume I of the Collection with the

FR. STEFANO DE FIORES, S.M.M., FR. ROGER CHAREST, S.M.M., 1933-2012 1917-2012

Fr. Stefano De Fiores, a devoted scholar who con- Fr. Roger Charest died on February 28, 2012. He tributed much to post-conciliar , died in professed first vows in the Company of Mary sev- Rome, April 21, 2012. A member of the Missionar- enty-five years ago (1937) and was ordained in the ies of the Company of Mary (Montfort Mission- priesthood seventy years ago (1942). He founded aries), his early works dealt with the spiritual Queen of All Hearts (Bayside, New York), a Marian “itinerary” of St. Louis Grignon and Montfortian journal, which he edited from 1951 until its final spirituality. He taught at the and the issue in 2006. Throughout his life, he promoted St. Gregorianum in Rome. He collaborated with other ’s classic True Devotion to the scholars producing “handbooks” particularly help- Blessed Virgin, and he was most devoted to the ful to students: the handbook of spirituality (1979), , working to support its foundation and of Mariology (1985-2009). More recently he and growth in the United States. He was a charter published a three volume Maria: Nuovissimo member (that is, instrumental in the founding) of Dizionario (2006-2008). He was one of the founders Mariological Society of America in 1949 and regu- of the Italian Interdisciplinary Mariological Asso- larly attended and contributed to its meetings. ciation, which publishes Theotokos. His last work was Educare alla vita buona del Vangelo con Maria (“To Teach the Good Life of the Gospel in Company with Mary”). FR. PATRICK GAFFNEY, S.M.M., 1928-2012 He was the recipient of the Marian Library Medal (1983) and the Premio Laurentin – Pro Ancilla Fr. J. Patrick Gaffney died on July 1, 2012, at Domini (1990). In the judgment of Fr. René Lauren- the age of eighty-four. He was a member of the tin, he possessed “a theological and pastoral intel- Mariological Society of America and professor and ligence” which allowed him to artfully explain the chairman of the Department at St. Louis contribution that Vatican II had accomplished by University for many years. He too was an ardent reinterpreting classical Mariology in existentialist promoter of True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin terms.” Mary, most recently writing an introduction for a new edition. A recent achievement of Fr. Gaffney and his sister, Sr. Rosemary Gaffney, D.W., was the The death of these three devoted followers of St. translation into English of the abundant hymn texts Louis Grignion de Montfort recalls a line from True which St. Louis Grignon de Montfort had composed Devotion to the Blessed Virgin where Mary speaks of for parish missions. her servants: “They are happy in their death, that I may conduct them to the joys of eternity; for never has any one of my good servants been lost who imitated my virtues during life.”

5 FATIMA

On June 11, 2012, the Congregation for Divine Wor- ship granted the title of Minor Basilica to the new church at the sanctuary of Fatima. Located on the gigantic esplanade directly opposite the Church of the Our Lady of the of Fatima, the new basilica was consecrated for worship in 2007.

Outside the basilica is tall cross (34 meters high); at its foot is an ailing Pope John Paul II, reverently inclined forward. The sanctuary of the basilica develops motifs from the Apocalypse. At the center Interior of the Basilica of the Most Holy Trinity of sanctuary is a large sculpture of the crucified Included also are St. Francis, St. Clare, Padre Pio, Christ, extended outwards from an image of the Mother Teresa of Calcutta and many others. Lamb with the scroll (Apoc. 5). On both sides of the crucified Christ are the representatives of the The basilica’s dedication to the Holy Trinity was Heavenly Jerusalem: on the right side, the Virgin inspired by John Paul II’s writings and his dedica- Mary directs the gaze of Jacinta and Francisca tion, in 2000, of Christianity’s third millennium to toward the cross, and on the left, John the Baptist the Trinity. At his last visit to Fatima in 2004, John points to the cross. The inclusion of Sts. Vladi- Paul blessed the first stone of the basilica in which mir and Olga, the first Christian rulers of Russia, is included a stone from the tomb of St. Peter. In recalls the relation between Fatima and Russia. addition, the pope brought the bullet which struck him in the assassination attempt on May 13, 1981, which is now the crown of the Virgin Mary of Fatima.

Now the world’s fourth largest Catholic Church, the basilica seats 9,000 people, in an entirely open space without any visible pillars of support. Fatima: Basilica of the Most Holy Trinity

LOURDES MARIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA On June 8-9, 2012, the Lourdes Medical Bureau sponsored a program entitled “Lourdes, Health and The next meeting of the Mariological Society of Science: What Does ‘To Be Healed’ Mean Today?” America will be held at The Athenaeum, Mt. St. Forty doctors internationally known for their inter- Mary’s Seminary, Cincinnati, OH, May 21-24, 2012. est in the topic studied this topic together with in The theme for the meeting: “Mary and the New the presence of Archbishop Zygmunt Zimowski Evangelization” (www.mariologicalsociety.com). and Dr. Luc Montagnier (recipient of the Nobel Prize for Medicine). RECENT AND RECOMMENDED: International Medical Committee of Lourdes certi- fied that two new cures occurred, that is, cures n Martini, Carlo Maria, SJ. The Gospel Way of which cannot be explained by medical science. Re- Mary: a Journey of Trust and Surrender. cipients of the cures were Sister Luigina Traverso and Damnila Castelli. The bishop of the diocese Frederick MD: Word among Us Press, 2011. in which the cured individuals lived is to decide n Montague, George T. Mary’s Life in the Spirit: whether the cures are . Meditations on a Holy Duet. Frederick MD: Word Among Us Press, 2011. n Phalen, John. Living the Rosary: Finding Your Life in the Mysteries. Ave Maria Press, 2011. n Mother of the Redeemer – Anniversary Edition, with commentary and reflections questions by Sister M. Jean Frisk. Pauline Books and Media, 2012.

6 Friends of the Marian Library/International Marian Research Institute Contributions in 2011

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