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Athérosclérose Aviaire Et Contribution Á Son Étude Chez Les Falconiformes

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Athérosclérose Aviaire Et Contribution Á Son Étude Chez Les Falconiformes VETAGRO SUP CAMPUS VETERINAIRE DE LYON Année 2012 - Thèse n° ATHÉROSCLÉROSE AVIAIRE ET CONTRIBUTION Á SON ÉTUDE CHEZ LES FALCONIFORMES THESE Présentée à l’UNIVERSITE CLAUDE-BERNARD - LYON I (Médecine - Pharmacie) et soutenue publiquement le 09 novembre 2012 pour obtenir le grade de Docteur Vétérinaire par Alice BRUNET Née le 04 mai 1987 à Rochefort 2 ENSEIGNANTS DU CAMPUS VETERINAIRE Liste des enseignants du Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon Mise à jour du 11/10/2012 Civilité Nom Prénom Unités pédagogiques Grade M. ALOGNINOUWA Théodore Unité pédagogique Pathologie du bétail Professeur M. ALVES-DE-OLIVEIRA Laurent Unité pédagogique Gestion des élevages Maître de conférences Mme ARCANGIOLI Marie-Anne Unité pédagogique Pathologie du bétail Maître de conférences M. ARTOIS Marc Unité pédagogique Santé Publique et Vétérinaire Professeur M. BARTHELEMY Anthony Unité pédagogique Anatomie Chirurgie (ACSAI) Maître de conférences Contractuel Mme BECKER Claire Unité pédagogique Pathologie du bétail Maître de conférences M. BELLI Patrick Unité pédagogique Pathologie morphologique et clinique des animaux de compagnie Maître de conférences Contractuel Mme BELLUCO Sara Unité pédagogique Pathologie morphologique et clinique des animaux de compagnie Maître de conférences Mme BENAMOU-SMITH Agnès Unité pédagogique Equine Maître de conférences M. BENOIT Etienne Unité pédagogique Biologie fonctionnelle Professeur M. BERNY Philippe Unité pédagogique Biologie fonctionnelle Professeur Mme BONNET-GARIN Jeanne-Marie Unité pédagogique Biologie fonctionnelle Professeur Mme BOULOCHER Caroline Unité pédagogique Anatomie Chirurgie (ACSAI) Maître de conférences M. BOURDOISEAU Gilles Unité pédagogique Santé Publique et Vétérinaire Professeur M. BOURGOIN Gilles Unité pédagogique Santé Publique et Vétérinaire Maître de conférences M. BRUYERE Pierre Unité pédagogique Biotechnologies et pathologie de la reproduction Maître de conférences Contractuel M. BUFF Samuel Unité pédagogique Biotechnologies et pathologie de la reproduction Maître de conférences M. BURONFOSSE Thierry Unité pédagogique Biologie fonctionnelle Maître de conférences M. CACHON Thibaut Unité pédagogique Anatomie Chirurgie (ACSAI) Maître de conférences Contractuel M. CADORE Jean-Luc Unité pédagogique Pathologie médicale des animaux de compagnie Professeur Mme CALLAIT-CARDINAL Marie-Pierre Unité pédagogique Santé Publique et Vétérinaire Maître de conférences M. CAROZZO Claude Unité pédagogique Anatomie Chirurgie (ACSAI) Maître de conférences M. CHABANNE Luc Unité pédagogique Pathologie médicale des animaux de compagnie Professeur Mme CHALVET-MONFRAY Karine Unité pédagogique Biologie fonctionnelle Maître de conférences M. COMMUN Loic Unité pédagogique Gestion des élevages Maître de conférences Mme DE BOYER DES ROCHES Alice Unité pédagogique Gestion des élevages Maître de conférences Stagiaire Mme DELIGNETTE-MULLER Marie-Laure Unité pédagogique Biologie fonctionnelle Professeur M. DEMONT Pierre Unité pédagogique Santé Publique et Vétérinaire Professeur Mme DESJARDINS PESSON Isabelle Unité pédagogique Equine Maître de conférences Contractuel Mme DJELOUADJI Zorée Unité pédagogique Santé Publique et Vétérinaire Maître de conférences Mme ESCRIOU Catherine Unité pédagogique Pathologie médicale des animaux de compagnie Maître de conférences M. FAU Didier Unité pédagogique Anatomie Chirurgie (ACSAI) Professeur Mme FOURNEL Corinne Unité pédagogique Pathologie morphologique et clinique des animaux de compagnie Professeur M. FRANCK Michel Unité pédagogique Gestion des élevages Professeur M. FREYBURGER Ludovic Unité pédagogique Santé Publique et Vétérinaire Maître de conférences M. FRIKHA Mohamed-Ridha Unité pédagogique Pathologie du bétail Maître de conférences M. GENEVOIS Jean-Pierre Unité pédagogique Anatomie Chirurgie (ACSAI) Professeur Mme GILOT-FROMONT Emmanuelle Unité pédagogique Biologie fonctionnelle Professeur M. GONTHIER Alain Unité pédagogique Santé Publique et Vétérinaire Maître de conférences Mme GRAIN Françoise Unité pédagogique Gestion des élevages Professeur M. GRANCHER Denis Unité pédagogique Gestion des élevages Maître de conférences Mme GREZEL Delphine Unité pédagogique Santé Publique et Vétérinaire Maître de conférences M. GUERIN Pierre Unité pédagogique Biotechnologies et pathologie de la reproduction Professeur Mme GUERIN-FAUBLEE Véronique Unité pédagogique Santé Publique et Vétérinaire Maître de conférences Mme HUGONNARD Marine Unité pédagogique Pathologie médicale des animaux de compagnie Maître de conférences M. JUNOT Stéphane Unité pédagogique Anatomie Chirurgie (ACSAI) Maître de conférences M. KECK Gérard Unité pédagogique Biologie fonctionnelle Professeur M. KODJO Angeli Unité pédagogique Santé Publique et Vétérinaire Professeur Mme LAABERKI Maria-Halima Unité pédagogique Santé Publique et Vétérinaire Maître de conférences Stagiaire M. LACHERETZ Antoine Unité pédagogique Santé Publique et Vétérinaire Professeur Mme LAMBERT Véronique Unité pédagogique Gestion des élevages Maître de conférences Mme LE GRAND Dominique Unité pédagogique Pathologie du bétail Maître de conférences Mme LEBLOND Agnès Unité pédagogique Santé Publique et Vétérinaire Professeur 3 Liste des enseignants du Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon Mise à jour du 11/10/2012 Civilité Nom Prénom Unités pédagogiques Grade Mme LEFRANC-POHL Anne-Cécile Unité pédagogique Equine Maître de conférences M. LEPAGE Olivier Unité pédagogique Equine Professeur Mme LOUZIER Vanessa Unité pédagogique Biologie fonctionnelle Maître de conférences M. MARCHAL Thierry Unité pédagogique Pathologie morphologique et clinique des animaux de compagnie Professeur Mme MIALET Sylvie Unité pédagogique Santé Publique et Vétérinaire Inspecteur en santé publique vétérinaire (ISPV) Mme MICHAUD Audrey Unité pédagogique Gestion des élevages Maître de conférences Stagiaire M. MOUNIER Luc Unité pédagogique Gestion des élevages Maître de conférences M. PEPIN Michel Unité pédagogique Santé Publique et Vétérinaire Professeur M. PIN Didier Unité pédagogique Pathologie morphologique et clinique des animaux de compagnie Maître de conférences Mme PONCE Frédérique Unité pédagogique Pathologie médicale des animaux de compagnie Maître de conférences Mme PORTIER Karine Unité pédagogique Anatomie Chirurgie (ACSAI) Maître de conférences Mme POUZOT-NEVORET Céline Unité pédagogique Anatomie Chirurgie (ACSAI) Maître de conférences Stagiaire Mme PROUILLAC Caroline Unité pédagogique Biologie fonctionnelle Maître de conférences Mme REMY Denise Unité pédagogique Anatomie Chirurgie (ACSAI) Professeur M. ROGER Thierry Unité pédagogique Anatomie Chirurgie (ACSAI) Professeur M. SABATIER Philippe Unité pédagogique Biologie fonctionnelle Professeur M. SAWAYA Serge Unité pédagogique Anatomie Chirurgie (ACSAI) Maître de conférences Mme SEGARD Emilie Unité pédagogique Anatomie Chirurgie (ACSAI) Maître de conférences Contractuel Mme SERGENTET Delphine Unité pédagogique Santé Publique et Vétérinaire Maître de conférences Mme SONET Juliette Unité pédagogique Anatomie Chirurgie (ACSAI) Maître de conférences Contractuel M. THIEBAULT Jean-Jacques Unité pédagogique Biologie fonctionnelle Maître de conférences M. VIGUIER Eric Unité pédagogique Anatomie Chirurgie (ACSAI) Professeur Mme VIRIEUX-WATRELOT Dorothée Unité pédagogique Pathologie morphologique et clinique des animaux de compagnie Maître de conférences Contractuel M. ZENNER Lionel Unité pédagogique Santé Publique et Vétérinaire Professeur 4 REMERCIEMENTS A Monsieur le Professeur Philippe MOULIN, De la Faculté de Médecine de Lyon, Qui m’a fait l’honneur d’accepter la présidence de ce jury de thèse, Hommages respectueux. A Madame le Professeur Caroline BOULOCHER, Du campus vétérinaire de VetAgro Sup, Qui a accepté d’encadrer mon travail et a encouragé et soutenu la réalisation de cette thèse. Pour sa disponibilité et ses conseils précieux. Avec toute ma gratitude et mes sincères remerciements. A Monsieur le Professeur Thierry ROGER, Du campus vétérinaire de VetAgro Sup, Qui m’a fait l’honneur d’accepter de participer à ce jury de thèse. Sincères remerciements. A Monsieur le Docteur Vétérinaire Romain POTIER, Responsable Vétérinaire du Zooparc de Beauval, Qui m’a proposé ce sujet de thèse. Pour son aide et sa disponibilité tout au long de ce travail. Toute ma reconnaissance. 5 6 Table des matières Table des matières 7 Liste des abréviations 10 Table des illustrations 11 Index des annexes 12 Introduction 13 PARTIE I : Athérosclérose chez les oiseaux : Etude bibliographique 15 I. Contribution des modèles animaux à la compréhension de l’athérosclérose 15 II. L’athérosclérose chez les oiseaux en captivité 16 III. Physiopathologie de l’athérosclérose 17 1. Rappels d’anatomie : structure des artères 18 2. Considérations préalables : Métabolisme des lipoprotéines et du 19 cholestérol, modèles mammifères a Transport des lipides dans le sang 19 b Le métabolisme des lipoprotéines : Modèle général décrit chez les 20 mammifères c Métabolisme du cholestérol 21 3. Formation de la plaque, modèle général 22 a Pénétration et accumulation des lipoprotéines dans l’intima des 22 artères b Recrutement des cellules inflammatoires 23 c Rôle protecteur des HDL 24 d Formation du centre athéromateux et de la chape fibreuse 24 4. Evolution de la plaque 25 a Formation d’anévrismes 26 b Thrombose 26 c Ulcères et hémorragies 28 d Calcification 28 e Régression de la plaque 28 5. Conséquences sur l’ensemble de l’organisme 28 IV. Les lésions d’athérosclérose chez les oiseaux 29 1. Localisation des lésions 30 2. Les différents stades lésionnels histologiques 30 3. Illustration des
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