Risk Assessment Report

MANUFACTURING OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS

(Category: 5(f) “B”)

FOR

THE PROPOSED EXPANSION PROJECT (BY ENHANCEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURING CAPACITY OF EXISTING PRODUCTS & ADDITION OF NEW PRODUCTS)

M/s. Jalaram Chemicals Pvt.Ltd.

Located At:

Plot No.3114, GIDC, Sarigam, Tal. Umbergaon, Dist. Valsad. Gujarat-396155 (INDIA).

Prepared by,

EIA CONSULTANT ORGANIZATION UNISTAR ENVIRONMENT AND RESEARCH LABS PVT. LTD.VAPI – GUJARAT

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals Pvt. Ltd.

INDEX

1.INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………………...... 01 2.HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT………………………………………………………………………… 03 2.1 PROBABLE HAZARDS & CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS………………………………………………………………. 03 2.2 METHODOLOGY OF MCA ANALYSIS……………………………………………………………………………………… 04 2.3 PROBABLE HAZARDS DUE TO RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE……………………………………. 04 2.3.1 Toxic and fire hazard………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 04 2.3.2 Fire Hazards……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 04 2.4 HAZARD SCENARIOS SELECTED FOR CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS……………………………………………. 05 2.5. SOURCE & MODELS FOR CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS……………………………………………………………. 05 2.5.1 Consequences Analysis …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11 2.5.1.1 Chlorine…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 2.5.1.2 Hydrogen Chloride …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 2.5.1.3 Hydrogen Peroxide …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 2.5.1.4 Isopropyl Alcohol …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 2.5.1.5 Xylene ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21 2.5.1.6 Benzene……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27 2.5.1.7 Sulphuric Acid……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32 3.Chemical Safety Plan…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 34 3.1 Aluminium Chloride……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 34 3.2 Benzene………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 35 3.3 Chlorine ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 43 3.4 Hydrogen Chloride …………………………………………………...... 50 3.5 Hydrogen Peroxide ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 59 3.6 Hydroquinon ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 66 3.7 IPA (ISO Propyl Alcohol) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 67 3.8 Phenol ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 73 3.9 Sodium Hydroxide …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 81 3.10 Sulphuric Acid ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 87 3.11 Xylene ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 93 3.12 Do’s & Don’t’s For Safety Management……………………………………………………………………………… 101 4. DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 102 4.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 103 4.2 MAJOR ON–SITE EMERGENCY……………………………………………………………………………………… 103 4.3 TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS……………………………………………... 103 4.4 FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED DURING EVACUATION REQUIRED DUE TO CHEMICAL HAZARDS 103 SPILLAGE………………………………….. 4.5 ON SITE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN………………………………………………………………………… 103 4.5.1 Fire – Emergency Control Management…………………………………………………………………………. 103 4.5.2 Emergency Control Procedure for Hazardous Chemicals………………………………………………… 105 4.5.3 Control Room…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 105 4.5.4 Emergency Contact List……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 105 4.5.5 Assembling Point……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 107 4.5.6 Warning Signal……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 107 4.5.7 Emergency Ending…….…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 107 4.5.8 Emergency Control Committee (ECC)…………………………………………………………………………… 107 4.5.9 Responsibilities of Persons Involved)…………………………………………………………………………….. 108 4.6 OFF – SITE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN………………………………………………………………………. 111

i RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals Pvt. Ltd.

LIST OF TABLE

Table 1.1: Following raw materials have been used in industry to manufacture the products………… 02 Table 1.2: Hazardous Raw materials identified as per MSIHC Rule 1989…………………………………………… 02 Table 1.3: Consequences Analysis………………………………………………………………………………………………… 02 Table 2.1: Result of Consequences Analysis for Thermal Radiation from Pool Fire……………………… 07 Table 2.2: Result of Consequences Analysis for Area of Toxic Vapor Dispersion……………………………… 08 Table 2.3: Result of Consequences Analysis for Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud…………………………. 08 Table 2.4: List of chmecals wise Antidotes & Emergency Action ………………………………… 97 Table 4.1: List of Safety & Emergency Facilities……………………………………………………………………………. 104 Table 4.2: Location of fire hydrant point with hose box…………………………………………………………………… 104 Table 4.3: List of Fire Extinguisher...... 104 Table 4.4: Emergency Responsibilities Personals………………………………………………………………………. 106 Table 4.5: Details of Inspection Schedule……………………………………………………………………………………… 110

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 2.1: Conceptual Activities: Hazard Study and Risk Analysis...... 03 Figure 2.2: Evaluation of the Effects and Consequences of Major Accidents in Industrial Plants...... 06

LIST OF ANNEXURE

Annexure RA-I: Emergency Response Guide (ERG) This annexure is available in soft copy only in CD. Annexure RA-II: MSDS of Chemicals of Proposed Project Enclosed in the CD

ii RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

1. Introduction

M/s. Jalaram Chemicals is an existing Company, which was established in the year of 2000 for manufacturing of Synthetic Organic Chemicals on an industrial plot located at plot no. 3114, GIDC, Sarigam, Tal. Umbergaon, Dist.‐Valsad, Gujarat‐396155. The company has proposed an expansion for capacity enhancement & addition of new products. At present the total manufacturing capacity of unit is 140 MT/M; after proposed project the capacity of unit will be 230 MT/M. It has been noticed that 12 chemicals out of 17 chemicals of proposed project are hazardous in nature as per MSIHC rules 1989. As per petroleum rules 2002, Benzene and IPA require lincecing for Non‐bulk storage from circle/sub circule office as these chemical are falling in flammability Class – A and storage will be more than 300 kg. Xylene and Phenol are exemted from licencing under petroleum rule 2002 because the storage quantity will be lesthan 2.5 ton (for Class‐B) and 45 ton (for Class‐C) respectively. The lincencing for storage of chlorine cylinder under gas cylinder rule 2004 is exempted because maximum storage will be lestan 5 toners. These hazardous materials will be received in liquid storage tank by road truck and stored in designated areas of raw materials storage. All safety measures will be provided at design level with all required safety system for the specific chemicals to prevent the associated hazards & risks. Based on the data furnished and the study of the installation, certain hazards have been identified and their consequences are modelled mathematically using ALOHA software. Mapping of various scenario are with hazardous distances and safe distances are drawn on site plan for easy understanding of the consequences of the accident/ incident. The study indicates that possible hazards associated with the plant are confined either to the storage area or plant premises. Various hazardous scenarios have been identified for Risk Assessment and the consequences are modeled. The details of present RA study have been described in the subsequent sections of this chapter under respective headings. As the project is of the organic chemical manufacturing industry, the scope of the work has been determined with following consideration of probable hazards & associated risk: • 12 Materials of concern are those included in schedules of MSIHC rules as hazardous substance, • All raw materials are to be stored in HDPE TANK, Drum, Bags Carboys in RM storage area, Considering the above facts of proposed project the scope of present study has been determined as described below. The primary scope of the present study is limited to: • Identification of major areas of hazards related with storage area only; • Identification of failure cases in the storage area, • Consequence analysis of probable risks of the identified failure cases, • The study of consequence analysis for handling & storage activities of bulk hazardous chemicals of the proposed project.

Risk assessment including prediction of the worst‐case scenario and maximum credible accident scenarios has been carried out. The worst‐case scenario has been taken into account the maximum inventory of storage at site at any point of time. The risk contours has been plotted. Based on the same, proposed safeguard measures including On‐Site/Off‐Site Emergency Plan has been provided. The processing operations & detailed plant operation hazards of chemicals & operation are not covered under the scope of the present RA study.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

Table 1.1: Following raw materials have been used in industry to manufacture the products. Sr. Name of Raw Material Storage State of Means of Mode of Place of Source No. Cap. In raw Storage Transport storage MT material 1 Para Nitro Aniline (PNA) 5.00 Solid Bag Truck Ambient Local 2 Chlorine 2.00 Gas Tonner Truck Ambient Local 3 Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) 10.00 Liquid HDPE Tank Tanker Ambient Local 4 Hydro quinone 5.00 Flakes Bag Truck Ambient Local 5 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 2.00 Liquid Carboys Truck Ambient Local 6 Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) 2.00 Liquid Drum Truck Ambient Local 7 Catechol 5.00 Flakes Bag Truck Ambient Local 8 Tertiary Butyl Alcohol (TBA) 3.00 Liquid Drum Truck Ambient Local 9 Xylene 2.00 Liquid Drum Truck Ambient Local 10 Benzene 2.00 Liquid Drum Truck Ambient Local 11 Aluminum chloride (AlCl3 ) 2.00 Powder Bag Truck Ambient Local 12 Castor Oil 2.00 Liquid Drum Truck Ambient Local 13 Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4) 0.50 Liquid Carboys Truck Ambient Local 14 Caustic flaks (NaOH) 0.50 Flakes Bag Truck Ambient Local 15 Vac. Salt 0.50 Powder Bag Truck Ambient Local 16 Tertiary Butanol 5.00 Liquid Drum Truck Ambient Local 17 Phenol 2.00 Solid Bag Truck Ambient Local

Table 1.2: Hazardous Raw materials identified as per MSIHC Rules 1989 Sr. Name of Chemicals Physical Storage Threshold MSIHC Applicability No. state Cap. In MT Storage Limit as per MSIHC Rule 1. Chlorine Gas 2.00 10 Tone Sh-I,Part-II,119 2. Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) Liquid 10.00 - Sh-I,Part-II,313 3. Hydro quinone Flakes 5.00 - Sh-I,Part-II,319 4. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) Liquid 2.00 - Sh-I,Part-II,318 5. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) Liquid 2.00 - Sh-I,Part-II,334 6. Tertiary Butyl Alcohol (TBA) Liquid 3.00 - Sh-I,Part-II,596 7. Xylene Liquid 2.00 - Sh-I,Part-I,b(iv) 8. Benzene Liquid 2.00 - Sh-I,Part-II,56 9. Aluminum chloride (AlCl3 ) Powder 2.00 - Sh-I,Part-II,22 10. Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4) Liquid 0.50 - Sh.I,part‐II,591 11. Caustic flaks (NaOH) Flakes 0.50 - Sh. I,part‐II,571 12. Phenol Solid 2.00 - Sh.I,part‐II,481

Table 1.3: Consequences Analysis Sr. Quantity MSIHC Rules Hazard Raw Materials No MT/ Month applicability Corrosive, toxic, fire 1. Chlorine 2 Sh-I,Part-II,119 Toxic 2. Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) 10 Sh-I,Part-II,313 Toxic, Corrosive

3. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 2 Sh-I,Part-II,318 Corrosive 4. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) 2 Sh-I,Part-II,334 Flammable, Irritant 5. Xylene 2 Sh-I,Part-I,b(iv) Flammable 6. Benzene 2 Sh-I,Part-II,56 Flammable Liquid

7. Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4) 0.50 Sh.I,part‐II,591 Corrosive 2

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

2. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT

2.1 PROBABLE HAZARDS &RA METHODOLOGY OF CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS Risk involves the occurrence or potential occurrence of some accident consisting of an event or sequence of events. The most dangerous hazards in industries associated either or all of storage, handling, transportation and production facilities are undoubtedly those associated with the loss of containment of volatile products and their subsequent dispersion & ignition. These hazards can have minor to serious consequences based on the quantity & quality of materials released in to the atmosphere/air. Hence, to determine the probable loss due to the hazards, necessary & suitable analysis are required to be done for determination of severity of consequences resulted from the hazards. Such analysis is known as Consequences analysis. Consequence analysis provides quantitative information on the risk and potential hazards that could be caused by dispersion, fire and blasts. With this information, it is possible to improve the original design, incorporate mitigation measures, or devise hazard and management strategies to keep the risk at acceptable levels.

Following Figure portrays conceptual framework of any quantitative risk analysis.

Figure 2.1: Conceptual Activities: Hazard Study and Risk Analysis

The descriptions of the subtasks of various phases involved in risk analysis are detailed below: MCA stands for Maximum Credible Accident or in other words, an accident with maximum damage distance, which is believed to be probable. MCA analysis does not include quantification of the probability of occurrence of an accident. In practice the selection of accident scenarios for MCA analysis is carried out on the basis of engineering judgment and expertise in the field of risk analysis especially in accident analysis. A disastrous situation is the outcome of fire, explosion or toxic hazards in addition to other natural causes that eventually lead to loss of life, property and ecological imbalances. MCA analysis encompasses defined techniques to identify the hazards and compute the consequent effects in terms of damage distances due to heat radiation, toxic releases, vapour cloud explosion etc. A list of probable or potential accidents of the major units in the complex arising due to use, storage and handling of the hazardous materials are examined to establish their credibility. Depending upon the effective hazardous attributes and their impact on the event, the maximum effect on the surrounding environment and the respective damage caused can be assessed.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

2.2 METHODOLOGY OF CONSEQUENCES ANALYSIS The Consequences analysis involves ordering and ranking of various sections in terms of potential vulnerability. The input requirements for Consequences analysis are:  Detailed design parameters for storage & Transfer  Physical & chemical properties of all the chemicals  Weather Condition  Location of site, plant layout&plant condition The following steps are involved in Consequences analysis:  Identification of potential hazardous process units, storage sections and representative failure cases from the vessels and pipelines  Visualization of chemical release scenarios  Consequence Analysis for computation of damage distances for the release cases through mathematical modelling. 2.3 PROBABLE HAZARDS DUE TO RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE As it has been described above, major hazards are associated with storage area & unloading area. The cause of hazards is thus determined to be leak from storage area, storage vessel/containers through hole or connected pipeline for transfer to the plant. Hence, for further evaluation of hazards, identification of probable hazards from leakage has been studied from cause effect network diagram. With reference to the properties and storage conditions, two primary types of incidents can occur in the storage & unloading area. These incidents are identified to be fire or toxic vapour dispersion or both. In case of fire, the raised temperature of the storage vessels can also under go BLEVE and will thus result in fireball & pool fire. In all case of bulk storage & unloading activities of 4 hazardous chemicals, toxic vapour dispersion has been found necessary to explore for further study. Also it has been felt necessary to assess the risk of fire scenarios for 4 flammable hazardous chemicals as identified earlier. The detail explanation of the two probable hazards with their further classification has been described in subsequent paragraphs. 2.3.1 Toxic and fire hazard Dispersion is a term used to include moving and spreading. A dispersing vapour cloud will generally move in a downwind direction and spread (diffuse) in a crosswind and vertical direction. (Crosswind is the direction perpendicular to the wind.) A cloud of gas that is denser or heavier than air (called a heavy gas) can also spread upwind to a small extent. The dispersion can be in form of toxic vapours clouds or flammable cloud depending on the nature of risk of the dispersed cloud. The toxic vapour cloud is the type of a vapour cloud in which the concentration of the chemicals may be harmful to human health or other living being. The toxic effects of such cloud depend on the concentration of chemical vapour in it and its toxicity. The flammable area is the part of a vapour cloud where the concentration is in the flammable range, between the Lower and Upper Explosive Limits (LEL and UEL). These limits are percentages that represent the concentration of the fuel (that is, the chemical vapour) in the air. If the chemical vapour comes into contact with an ignition source (such as a spark), it will burn only if its fuel-air concentration is between the LEL and the UEL, because that portion of the cloud is already pre-mixed to the right mixture of fuel and air for burning to occur. 2.3.2 Fire Hazards A fire is a complex chain reaction where a fuel combines with oxygen to generate heat, smoke, and light. Most chemical fires will be triggered by one of the following ignition sources: sparks, static electricity, heat, or flames from another fire. There are several properties that measure how readily and how easily a chemical will catch on fire. Herein after three of these properties: volatility, flash point, and flammability limits are discussed as necessary.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

 Volatility is a measure of how easily a chemical evaporates. A flammable liquid must begin to evaporate—forming a vapour above the liquid—before it can burn. The more volatile a chemical, the faster it evaporates and the quicker a flammable vapour cloud is formed.  The flash point is the lowest temperature where a flammable liquid will evaporate enough to catch on fire if an ignition source is present. The lower the flash point, the easier it is for a fire to start.  Flammability limits, also known as the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) and the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL), are the boundaries of the flammable area of a vapour cloud. These limits are percentages that represent the concentration of the fuel/ chemical vapour in the air. If the chemical vapour comes into contact with an ignition source, it will burn only if its fuel-air concentration is between the LEL and the UEL. While ALOHA cannot model all the complex processes that happen in a fire (like the generation and distribution of by products), it can predict the area where the heat radiated by the fire called thermal radiation could be harmful. Thermal radiation is the primary hazard associated with fires. However, it is also important to consider the hazards associated with any secondary fires and explosions that may occur. In present study risk assessment modelling has been done for fire hazards for 4 flammable chemicals only.

2.4 HAZARD SCENARIOS SELECTED FOR CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS The typical diagram showing probable hazards along their sequence of occurrence & probable effects is already shown in above figure. As it has identified, only fire and hazardous vapour cloud dispersion and toxic dispersion are anticipated from the proposed project, consequences analysis has been done for fire & dispersion. 2.5 Source & Models for Consequence Analysis Based on the judgement for most probable hazardous toxic dispersion model has been considered for three chemicals (Diethyl sulphate, Hydrochloric acid, Bromine). The probability of flammable & explosive hazardous has been found very rare and hence are not considered, The details of consequences analysis are described in the below paragraphs.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

Figure 2.2: Evaluation of the Effects and Consequences of Major Accidents in Industrial Plants

Source: Joaquim Casal; Elsevier  Levels of Concern (LOCs) for Consequences Analysis In modelling of consequences of a hazard, a Level of Concern (LOC) is a threshold value of a hazard (toxicity, flammability, thermal radiation, or overpressure); the LOC is usually the value above which a threat to people or property may exist.  Thermal Radiation Levels A Thermal Radiation (radiation intensity as kW/m2) Level of Concern (LOC) is a threshold level of thermal radiation, usually the level above which a hazard may exist. While modelling a fire scenario, the threshold values (measured in kilowatts per square meter and denoted as kW/m2) are considered to create the threat zones are as below. The thermal radiation effects that people experience depend upon the length of time they are exposed to a specific thermal radiation level. Longer exposure durations, even at a lower thermal radiation level, can produce serious physiological effects. However for plotting the hazards contour three level of

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

thermal radiation have been selected, which are 10 kW/m2 indicating lethality within 60 seconds, 5 kW/m2 indicating 2nd degree burn within 60 seconds and 2 kW/m2 indicating pain within 60 seconds. After preparing the threat zone probable effects of other potential thermal radiation level have also been studied and tabulated.  Toxic Vapour  IDLHs The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) defines an immediately dangerous to life or health condition as a situation "that poses a threat of exposure to airborne contaminants when that exposure is likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from such an environment."

 TWA8Hr The permissible exposure limit (PEL or OSHA PEL) is a legal limit in the United States for exposure of an employee to a chemical substance or physical agent. Permissible exposure limits are established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).A PEL is usually given as a time-weighted average (TWA), although some are short-term exposure limits (STEL) or ceiling limits. For chemicals, the chemical regulation is usually expressed in parts per million (ppm), or sometimes in milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3). TWA is the average exposure over a specified period of time, usually a nominal eight hours. This means that, for limited periods, a worker may be exposed to concentrations higher than the PEL, so long as the average concentration over eight hours remains lower. A TWA limit is one that addresses the average exposure over 8 Hr. period of maximum exposure during a day of works. Table 2.1: Result of Consequences Analysis for Thermal Radiation from Pool Fire

Sr. Chemical Thermal radiation from Pool Fire (kW/m2), Distance in Meter No. 37.5 25.0 19.0 12.5 10.0 5.0 4.5 2.0 1.6 Worst Case Scenarios: For Total Quantity Stored 1 Chlorine (2KL) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (10KL) 3 Hydrogen peroxide NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (H2O2) (2KL) 4 Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) <10 <10 <10 13 15 20 22 31 34 (2KL) 5 Xylene (2KL) <10 <10 12 17 19 29 30 46 52 6 Benzene (2KL) <10 10 13 17 20 29 31 48 53 7 Sulphuric Acid (500Liter) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA MCA Scenarios: For Unit Storage Quantity (Quantity of single Drum,Carboys/HDPE Tank) 1 Chlorine (2KL) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (10KL) 3 Hydrogen peroxide NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (H2O2) (2KL) 4 Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) <10 <10 <10 10 12 16 17 24 26 (2KL) 5 Xylene (2KL) <10 <10 <10 13 15 23 24 36 41 6 Benzene (2KL) <10 <10 <10 12 14 22 24 36 41

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

Sr. Chemical Thermal radiation from Pool Fire (kW/m2), Distance in Meter No. 37.5 25.0 19.0 12.5 10.0 5.0 4.5 2.0 1.6 7 Sulphuric Acid (500Liter) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA (Note: NA- Not Applicable) Table 2.2: Result of Consequences Analysis for Area of Toxic Vapour Dispersion

Sr. Chemical Toxic Dispersion Distance in Meter

No. IDLH TWA8Hr TLV ERPG1/ ERPG 2/ ERPG AEGL AEGL 3/AEGL Worst Case Scenarios: For Total Quantity Stored 1 Chlorine (2KL) 907 3.0 4.2 3.0 1.7 631 2 Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) 1.3 6.3 4.0 5.2 2.0 700 (10KL) 3 Hydrogen peroxide (H O ) 2 2 <10 NA 73 19 <10 <10 (2KL) 4 Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) <10 14 <10 NA NA NA (2KL) 5 Xylene (2KL) <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 6 Benzene (2KL) 11 531 248 56 30 <10 7 Sulphuric Acid (500Liter) <10 58 134 40 13 <10 MCA Scenarios: For Unit Storage Quantity (Quantity of single Drum,Carboys/HDPE Tank) 1 Chlorine (2KL) 165 563 811 563 314 115 2 Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) 231 1.3 776 1.0 374 129 (10KL) 3 Hydrogen peroxide (H O ) 2 2 <10 NA 61 16 <10 <10 (2KL) 4 Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) <10 11 <10 NA NA NA (2KL) 5 Xylene (2KL) <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 6 Benzene (2KL) <10 415 195 44 23 <10 7 Sulphuric Acid (500Liter) <10 45 103 31 <10 <10 (Note: NA- Values not available for the chemicals.) Table 2.3: Result of Consequences Analysis for Flammable Area of Vapour Cloud Sr. Chemical Flammable Vapour Cloud Dispersion, (kW/m2), No. Distance in Meter 10% LEL 60% LEL LEL UEL Worst Case Scenarios: For Total Quantity Stored 1 Chlorine (2KL) NA NA NA NA 2 Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) (10KL) NA NA NA NA

3 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (2KL) NA NA NA NA 4 Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (2KL) <10 <10 <10 <10 5 Xylene (2KL) <10 <10 <10 <10 6 Benzene (2KL) <10 <10 <10 <10 7 Sulphuric Acid (500Liter) NA NA NA NA MCA Scenarios: For Unit Storage Quantity (Quantity of single Drum,Carboys/HDPE Tank) 1 Chlorine (2KL) NA NA NA NA 2 Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) (10KL) NA NA NA NA

3 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (2KL) NA NA NA NA 4 Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (2KL) <10 <10 <10 <10 5 Xylene (2KL) <10 <10 <10 <10 8

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

Sr. Chemical Flammable Vapour Cloud Dispersion, (kW/m2), No. Distance in Meter 10% LEL 60% LEL LEL UEL 6 Benzene (2KL) <10 <10 <10 <10 7 Sulphuric Acid (500Liter) NA NA NA NA

2.5.1 Consequences Analysis  COMMON INPUTS: SITE DATA: ATMOSPHERIC DATA:  Location: SARIGAM, INDIA  ATMOSPHERIC DATA: (MANUAL INPUT OF  Building Air Exchanges Per Hour: 0.51 DATA) (unsheltered single storied)  Wind: 2.1 meters/second from NW at 3  Time: October 5, 2017 1627 hours ST (using meters computer's clock)  Ground Roughness: urban or forest Cloud Cover: 5 tenths  Air Temperature: 26.9° C  Stability Class: B  No Inversion Height  Relative Humidity: 50%

2.5.1.1 Chlorine CHEMICAL DATA:  CHEMICAL DATA:  Chemical Name: CHLORINE  CAS Number: 7782-50-5  Molecular Weight: 70.91 g/mol  AEGL-1 (60 min): 0.5 ppm AEGL-2 (60 min): 2 ppm AEGL-3 (60 min): 20 ppm  IDLH: 10 ppm  Ambient Boiling Point: -34.1° C  Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: greater than 1 atm Ambient Saturation Concentration: 1,000,000 ppm or 100.0% SOURCE STRENGTH: WORST CASE Scenarios: SOURCE STRENGTH: MCA Scenarios:  Leak from short pipe or valve in horizontal  Leak from short pipe or valve in horizontal cylindrical tank cylindrical tank  Non-flammable chemical is escaping from  Non-flammable chemical is escaping from tank tank  Tank Diameter: 0.760 meters  Tank Diameter: 0.760 meters  Tank Length: 2.1 meters  Tank Length: 2.1 meters  Tank Volume: 953 liters  Tank Volume: 953 liters  Tank contains liquid  Tank contains liquid  Internal Temperature: 26.9° C  Internal Temperature: 26.9° C  Chemical Mass in Tank: 1 tons  Chemical Mass in Tank: 1 tons  Tank is 69% full  Tank is 68% full  Circular Opening Diameter: 1 centimeters  Circular Opening Diameter: 0.2 centimeters  Opening is 0 meters from tank bottom  Opening is 0 meters from tank bottom  Release Duration: 19 minutes  Release Duration: ALOHA limited the  Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 52.9 duration to 1 hour kilograms/min (averaged over a minute or  Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 2.14 more) kilograms/min (averaged over a minute or  Total Amount Released: 907 kilograms more)  Note: The chemical escaped as a mixture of  Total Amount Released: 128 kilograms 9

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

gas and aerosol (two phase flow).  Note: The chemical escaped as a mixture of gas and aerosol (two phase flow).

THREAT ZONE CONTOUR FOR OUTCOME OF CONSEQUENCES ANALYSIS: Hydrogen chloride Chlorin Wrost Case (1 Ton): Toxic Vapour Dispersion:

THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Heavy Gas Red : 907 meters --- (10 ppm = IDLH) Orange: 3.0 kilometers --- (1 ppm) Yellow: 4.2 kilometers --- (0.5 ppm) THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Heavy Gas Red : 3.0 kilometers --- (1 ppm = ERPG-1) Orange: 1.7 kilometers --- (3 ppm = ERPG-2) Yellow: 631 meters --- (20 ppm = ERPG-3)

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

Chlorine MCA (1 Ton): Toxic Vapour Dispersion:

THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Heavy Gas Red : 165 meters --- (10 ppm = IDLH) Orange: 563 meters --- (1 ppm) Yellow: 811 meters --- (0.5 ppm) THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Heavy Gas Red : 563 meters --- (1 ppm = ERPG-1) Orange: 314 meters --- (3 ppm = ERPG-2) Yellow: 115 meters --- (20 ppm = ERPG-3)

2.5.1.2 Hydrogen Chloride  CHEMICAL DATA:  Warning: HYDROGEN CHLORIDE can react with water and/or water vapor. This can affect the evaporation rate and downwind dispersion. ALOHA cannot  Accurately predict the air hazard if this substance comes in contact with water.  Chemical Name: HYDROGEN CHLORIDE  CAS Number: 7647-1-0  Molecular Weight: 36.46 g/mol  AEGL-1 (60 min): 1.8 ppm AEGL-2 (60 min): 22 ppm AEGL-3 (60 min): 100 ppm  IDLH: 50 ppm  Ambient Boiling Point: -85.0° C 11

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

 Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: greater than 1 atm  Ambient Saturation Concentration: 1,000,000 ppm or 100.0% SOURCE STRENGTH: WORST CASE Scenarios: SOURCE STRENGTH: MCA Scenarios:  Leak from hole in horizontal cylindrical  Leak from hole in horizontal cylindrical tank tank  Non-flammable chemical is escaping from  Non-flammable chemical is escaping from tank tank  Tank Diameter: 3.03 meters  Tank Diameter: 3.03 meters  Tank Length: 1.39 meters  Tank Length: 1.39 meters  Tank Volume: 10,023 liters  Tank Volume: 10,023 liters  Tank contains liquid  Tank contains liquid  Internal Temperature: 26.9° C  Internal Temperature: 26.9° C  Circular Opening Diameter: 1 centimeters  Chemical Mass in Tank: 5 tons  Opening is 0 meters from tank bottom  Tank is 51% full  Release Duration: 21 minutes  Circular Opening Diameter: 0.2  Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 246 centimeters kilograms/m (averaged over a minute or  Opening is 0 meters from tank bottom more)  Release Duration: ALOHA limited the  Total Amount Released: 4,536 kilograms duration to 1 hour  Note: The chemical escaped as a mixture  Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 10 of gas and aerosol (two phase flow). kilograms/min(averaged over a minute or more)  Total Amount Released: 595 kilograms  Note: The chemical escaped as a mixture of gas and aerosol (two phase flow).

Hydrogen Chloride Worst Case (5000 Lit): Toxic Vapour Dispersion:

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Heavy Gas Red : 1.3 kilometers --- (50 ppm = IDLH) Orange: 6.3 kilometers --- (2 ppm) Yellow: 4.0 kilometers --- (5 ppm) THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Heavy Gas Red : 5.2 kilometers --- (3 ppm = ERPG-1) Orange: 2.0 kilometers --- (20 ppm = ERPG-2) Yellow: 700 meters --- (150 ppm = ERPG-3) Hydrogen Chloride MCA (5000 Lit): Toxic Vapour Dispersion:

THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Heavy Gas Red : 231 meters --- (50 ppm = IDLH) Orange: 1.3 kilometers --- (2 ppm) Yellow: 776 meters --- (5 ppm) THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Heavy Gas Red : 1.0 kilometers --- (3 ppm = ERPG-1) Orange: 374 meters --- (20 ppm = ERPG-2) Yellow: 129 meters --- (150 ppm = ERPG-3)

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

2.5.1.3 Hydrogen peroxide

 Chemical Name: HYDROGEN PEROXIDE  CAS Number: 7722-84-1  Molecular Weight: 34.01 g/mol  ERPG-1: 10 ppm ERPG-2: 50 ppm ERPG-3: 100 ppm  IDLH: 75 ppm  Ambient Boiling Point: 149.9° C  Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.0029 atm Ambient Saturation Concentration: 2,951 ppm or 0.30% SOURCE STRENGTH: WORST CASE Scenarios: SOURCE STRENGTH: MCA Scenarios:  Evaporating Puddle  Evaporating Puddle  Puddle Area: 70 square meters  Puddle Area: 40 square meters  Puddle Volume: 2000 liters  Puddle Volume: 200 liters  Ground Type: Concrete  Ground Type: Concrete  Ground Temperature: 26.9° C  Ground Temperature: 26.9° C  Initial Puddle Temperature: Ground  Initial Puddle Temperature: Ground temperature temperature  Release Duration: ALOHA limited the  Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration duration to 1 hour to 1 hour  Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 121  Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 86.3 grams/min grams/min(averaged over a minute or more)  (averaged over a minute or more)  Total Amount Released: 4.54 kilograms  Total Amount Released: 6.65 kilograms

Hydrogen Peroxide Worst Case (2000 Lit): Toxic Vapour Dispersion:

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Gaussian Red : less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (75 ppm = IDLH) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Yellow: 73 meters --- (1 ppm)

Hydrogen Peroxide MCA (200 Lit): Toxic Vapour Dispersion:

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

2.5.1.4 Isopropyl Alcohol CHEMICAL DATA:  Chemical Name: ISOPROPANOL  CAS Number: 67-63-0  Molecular Weight: 60.10 g/mol  PAC-1: 400 ppm PAC-2: 2000 ppm PAC-3: 12000 ppm  IDLH: 2000 ppm LEL: 20000 ppm UEL: 127000 ppm  Ambient Boiling Point: 82.0° C  Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.064 atm Ambient Saturation Concentration: 64,736 ppm or 6.47% SOURCE STRENGTH: WORST CASE Scenarios: SOURCE STRENGTH: MCA Scenarios:  SOURCE STRENGTH:  Burning Puddle / Pool Fire  Burning Puddle / Pool Fire  Puddle Area: 40 square meters  Puddle Area: 70 square meters  Puddle Volume: 200 liters  Puddle Volume: 2000 liters  Initial Puddle Temperature: Air temperature  Initial Puddle Temperature: Air temperature  Flame Length: 9 meters  Flame Length: 11 meters  Burn Duration: 2 minutes  Burn Duration: 10 minutes  Burn Rate: 89.3 kilograms/min  Burn Rate: 156 kilograms/min  Total Amount Burned: 156 kilograms  Total Amount Burned: 1,560 kilograms SOURCE STRENGTH: WORST CASE Scenarios: SOURCE STRENGTH: MCA Scenarios:  Evaporating Puddle (Note: chemical is  Evaporating Puddle (Note: chemical is flammable) flammable)  Puddle Area: 70 square meters  Puddle Area: 40 square meters  Puddle Volume: 2000 liters  Puddle Volume: 200 liters  Ground Type: Concrete  Ground Type: Concrete  Ground Temperature: 26.9° C  Ground Temperature: 26.9° C  Initial Puddle Temperature: Air temperature  Initial Puddle Temperature: Air temperature  Release Duration: ALOHA limited the  Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour duration to 1 hour  Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 3.19  Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 1.88 kilograms/min(averaged over a minute or kilograms/min (averaged over a minute or more) more)  Total Amount Released: 190 kilograms  Total Amount Released: 111 kilograms

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

Isopropyl Alcohol Worst Case (2000 Lit): Burning Puddle / Pool Fire:

THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire Red : 13 meters --- (12.5 kW/ (sq m)) Orange: 15 meters --- (10.0 kW/ (sq m)) Yellow: 20 meters --- (5.0 kW/ (sq m))

THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire Red : 22 meters --- (4.5 kW/ (sq m)) Orange: 31 meters --- (2.0 kW/ (sq m)) Yellow: 34 meters --- (1.6 kW/ (sq m))

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

Isopropyl Alcohol MCA (200 Lit): Burning Puddle / Pool Fire:

THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire Red : 17 meters --- (4.5 kW/ (sq m)) Orange: 24 meters --- (2.0 kW/ (sq m)) Yellow: 26 meters --- (1.6 kW/ (sq m))

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

Isopropyl Alcohol Worst Case (2000 Lit): Toxic Vapour Dispersion:

THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Gaussian Red : less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (2000 ppm = IDLH) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Orange: 14 meters --- (200 ppm) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Yellow: less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (400 ppm) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Isopropyl Alcohol MCA (200 Lit): Toxic Vapour Dispersion:

THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Gaussian Red : less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (2000 ppm = IDLH) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Orange: 11 meters --- (200 ppm) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Yellow: less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (400 ppm) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.

Isopropanol Worst Case (2000 Lit) & MCA (200 Lit): Flammable Area of Vapour Cloud: Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

2.5.1.5 Xylene CHEMICAL DATA:  Chemical Name: XYLENE  CAS Number: 108-38-3  Molecular Weight: 106.17 g/mol  PAC-1: 150 ppm PAC-2: 200 ppm  PAC-3: 1000 ppm  IDLH: 900 ppm LEL: 11000 ppm  UEL: 64000 ppm  Ambient Boiling Point: 138.9° C  Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.012 atm  Ambient Saturation Concentration: 12,383 ppm or 1.24% SOURCE STRENGTH: WORST CASE Scenarios: SOURCE STRENGTH: MCA Scenarios:  Burning Puddle / Pool Fire  Burning Puddle / Pool Fire  Puddle Area: 70 square meters  Puddle Area: 40 square meters  Puddle Volume: 2000 liters Puddle Volume: 200 liters  Initial Puddle Temperature: Air temperature  Initial Puddle Temperature: Air  Flame Length: 18 meters temperature  Burn Duration: 5 minutes  Flame Length: 15 meters  Burn Rate: 321 kilograms/min  Burn Duration: 56 seconds  Total Amount Burned: 1,717 kilograms  Burn Rate: 3.06 kilograms/sec  Total Amount Burned: 172 kilograms SOURCE STRENGTH: WORST CASE Scenarios: SOURCE STRENGTH: MCA Scenarios:  Evaporating Puddle (Note: chemical is  Evaporating Puddle (Note: chemical is flammable) flammable)  Puddle Area: 70 square meters  Puddle Area: 40 square meters  Puddle Volume: 2000 liters Puddle Volume: 200 liters  Ground Type: Concrete  Ground Type: Concrete  Ground Temperature: 26.9° C  Ground Temperature: 26.9° C  Initial Puddle Temperature: Air temperature  Initial Puddle Temperature: Air  Release Duration: ALOHA limited the temperature duration to 1 hour  Release Duration: ALOHA limited the  Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 984 duration to 1 hour grams/min (averaged over a minute or more)  Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 581  Total Amount Released: 58.5 kilograms grams/min (averaged over a minute or more)  Total Amount Released: 34.6 kilograms

Xylene Worst Case (2000 Lit): Burning Puddle / Pool Fire:

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire Red : less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (37.5 kW/(sq m)) Orange: less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (25.0 kW/(sq m)) Yellow: 12 meters --- (19.0 kW/ (sq m)) THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire Red : 17 meters --- (12.5 kW/ (sq m)) Orange: 19 meters --- (10.0 kW/ (sq m)) Yellow: 29 meters --- (5.0 kW/(sq m)) THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire Red : 30 meters --- (4.5 kW/ (sq m)) Orange: 46 meters --- (2.0 kW/ (sq m)) Yellow: 52 meters --- (1.6 kW/ (sq m))

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

Xylene MCA (200 Lit): Burning Puddle / Pool Fire:

THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire Red : less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (37.5 kW/ (sq m)) Orange: less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (25.0 kW/ (sq m)) Yellow: less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (19.0 kW/ (sq m)) THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire Red : 13 meters --- (12.5 kW/ (sq m)) Orange: 15 meters --- (10.0 kW/ (sq m)) Yellow: 23 meters --- (5.0 kW/ (sq m)) THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire Red : 24 meters --- (4.5 kW/ (sq m)) Orange: 36 meters --- (2.0 kW/ (sq m)) Yellow: 41 meters --- (1.6 kW/ (sq m)) Xylene Worst Case (2000 Lit): Toxic Vapour Dispersion: & Xyelene MCA (200 Lit): Toxic Vapour Dispersion:

Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.

Xylene Worst Case (2000 Lit): Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud & MCA (200 Lit): Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud

Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

2.5.1.6 Benzene Chemical Name: BENZENE  CAS Number: 71-43-2  Molecular Weight: 78.11 g/mol  AEGL-1 (60 min): 52 ppm AEGL-2 (60 min): 800 ppm AEGL-3 (60 min): 4000 ppm  IDLH: 500 ppm LEL: 12000 ppm UEL: 80000 ppm  Carcinogenic risk - see CAMEO Chemicals  Ambient Boiling Point: 80.0° C  Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.14 atm Ambient Saturation Concentration: 136,735 ppm or 13.7% SOURCE STRENGTH: WORST CASE Scenarios: SOURCE STRENGTH: MCA Scenarios:  Burning Puddle / Pool Fire  Burning Puddle / Pool Fire  Puddle Area: 70 square meters  Puddle Area: 40 square meters  Puddle Volume: 2000 liters Puddle Volume: 200 liters  Initial Puddle Temperature: Air temperature  Initial Puddle Temperature: Air  Flame Length: 19 meters temperature  Burn Duration: 5 minutes  Flame Length: 16 meters  Burn Rate: 347 kilograms/min  Burn Duration: 53 seconds  Total Amount Burned: 1,742 kilograms  Burn Rate: 3.3 kilograms/sec  Total Amount Burned: 174 kilograms SOURCE STRENGTH: WORST CASE Scenarios: SOURCE STRENGTH: MCS Scenarios:  Evaporating Puddle (Note: chemical is  Evaporating Puddle (Note: chemical is flammable) flammable)  Puddle Area: 70 square meters  Puddle Area: 40 square meters  Puddle Volume: 2000 liters Puddle Volume: 200 liters  Ground Type: Concrete  Ground Type: Concrete  Ground Temperature: 26.9° C  Ground Temperature: 26.9° C  Initial Puddle Temperature: Air temperature  Initial Puddle Temperature: Air  Release Duration: ALOHA limited the temperature duration to 1 hour  Release Duration: 38 minutes  Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 8.21  Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 4.97 kilograms/min(averaged over a minute or kilograms/min(averaged over a minute or more) more)  Total Amount Released: 469 kilograms  Total Amount Released: 174 kilograms

Benzene Worst Case (2000 Lit): Burning Puddle / Pool Fire:

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire Red : less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (37.5 kW/(sq m)) Orange: 10 meters --- (25.0 kW/ (sq m)) Yellow: 13 meters --- (19.0 kW/ (sq m)) THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire Red : 17 meters --- (12.5 kW/ (sq m)) Orange: 20 meters --- (10.0 kW/ (sq m)) Yellow: 29 meters --- (5.0 kW/ (sq m)) THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire Red : 31 meters --- (4.5 kW/ (sq m)) Orange: 48 meters --- (2.0 kW/ (sq m)) Yellow: 53 meters --- (1.6 kW/ (sq m)) 24

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

Benzene MCA (200 Lit): Burning Puddle / Pool Fire:

THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire Red : less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (37.5 kW/ (sq m)) Orange: less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (25.0 kW/ (sq m)) Yellow: less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (19.0 kW/ (sq m)) THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire Red : 12 meters --- (12.5 kW/ (sq m)) Orange: 14 meters --- (10.0 kW/ (sq m)) Yellow: 22 meters --- (5.0 kW/ (sq m)) THREAT ZONE: Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire Red : 24 meters --- (4.5 kW/ (sq m)) Orange: 36 meters --- (2.0 kW/ (sq m)) Yellow: 41 meters --- (1.6 kW/ (sq m))

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

Benzene Worst Case (2000 Lit): Toxic Vapour Dispersion:

THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Gaussian Red : 11 meters --- (500 ppm = IDLH) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Orange: 531 meters --- (0.5 ppm) Yellow: 248 meters --- (2.5 ppm)

THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Gaussian Red : 56 meters --- (50 ppm = ERPG-1) Orange: 30 meters --- (150 ppm = ERPG-2) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Yellow: less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (1000 ppm = ERPG-3) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

Benzene MCA (200 Lit): Toxic Vapour Dispersion:

THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Gaussian Red : less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (500 ppm = IDLH) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Orange: 415 meters --- (0.5 ppm) Yellow: 195 meters --- (2.5 ppm) THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Gaussian Red : 44 meters --- (50 ppm = ERPG-1) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Orange: 23 meters --- (150 ppm = ERPG-2) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Yellow: less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (1000 ppm = ERPG-3) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.

Benzene Worst Case (2000 Lit): Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud & MCA (200 Lit): Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud: Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

2.5.1.7 Sulphuric Acid CHEMICAL DATA:  Chemical Name: OLEUM  Solution Strength: 4% (by weight)  Ambient Boiling Point: 218.9° C  Partial Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 4.01e-004 atm  Ambient Saturation Concentration: 403 ppm or 0.040%  Hazardous Component: SULFUR TRIOXIDE  CAS Number: 7446-11-9  Molecular Weight: 80.06 g/mol  AEGL-1 (60 min): 0.2 mg/(cu m)  AEGL-2 (60 min): 8.7 mg/(cu m) AEGL-3 (60 min): 160 mg/(cu m) SOURCE STRENGTH: WORST CASE Scenarios: SOURCE STRENGTH: MCA Scenarios:  Evaporating Puddle  Evaporating Puddle  Puddle Area: 70 square meters  Puddle Area: 40 square meters  Puddle Volume: 500 liters Puddle Volume: 200 liters  Ground Type: Concrete  Ground Type: Concrete  Ground Temperature: 26.9° C  Ground Temperature: 26.9° C  Initial Puddle Temperature: Ground  Initial Puddle Temperature: Ground temperature temperature  Release Duration: ALOHA limited the  Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour duration to 1 hour  Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 27.5  Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 16.4 grams/min(averaged over a minute or more) grams/min (averaged over a minute or  Total Amount Hazardous Component more) Released: 1.58 kilograms  Total Amount Hazardous Component Released: 946 grams

Sulphuric Acid Worst Case (500 Lit): Toxic Vapour Dispersion:

THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Gaussian Red : less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (15 mg/ (cu m)) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Orange: 58 meters -- (1 mg/ (cu m)) Yellow: 134 meters -- (0.2 mg/ (cu m)) THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Gaussian Red : 40 meters --- (2 mg/ (cu m) = ERPG-1)

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Orange: 13 meters --- (10 mg/ (cu m) = ERPG-2) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Yellow: less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) --- (120 mg/ (cu m) = ERPG-3) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Sulphuric Acid MCA (200 Lit): Toxic Vapour Dispersion:

THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Gaussian Red : less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) -- (15 mg/ (cu m)) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Orange: 45 meters -- (1 mg/ (cu m)) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Yellow: 103 meters -- (0.2 mg/ (cu m)) THREAT ZONE: Model Run: Gaussian Red : 31 meters -- (2 mg/ (cu m) = ERPG-1) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Orange: less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) -- (10 mg/ (cu m) = ERPG-2) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. Yellow: less than 10 meters (10.9 yards) -- (120 mg/ (cu m) = ERPG-3) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

3. CHEMICAL SAFETY PLAN

3.1 Aluminium Chloride: A. General Details  Synonyms: ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE, ALUMINIUM TRICHLORIDE, ALUMINUM CHLORIDE, TRICHLOROALUMINUM

 Molecular Formula: AlCl3  Molecular Weight: 133.4

B. NFPA Classification Health: 3 can cause serious or permanent injury. Flammability: 0 Will not burn under typical fire conditions. Instability: 2 Readily undergoes violent chemical changes at elevated temperatures and pressures. C. Hazardous Property A white to gray powder with a pungent odor. Corrosive to tissue and toxic by ingestion. D. Storage Condition  Always keep container closed, dry. Store in a noncombustible, nonsprinklered building away from all combustible material. Isolate from strong acids. E. Exposure Limits:  IDLH:  TLV:  OSHA Standard: F. Health Effects

G. Laboratory Test  Acute Exposure/ Male Sprague-Dawley rats (three per treatment group) were administered 0, 2, 10, 20, or 40 mg aluminum per kilogram ip per day for 3 days as aluminum chloride in saline. Animals were killed 24 hr later. Aluminum was found to inhibit hepatic drug metabolism in a dose-dependent fashion. The lowest dose (2 mg or 75 umol/kg) had no effect on the parameters measured, whereas the highest dose (40 mg or 1.5 mmol/kg) caused a 52% decrease in cytochrome p450, a 71% decrease in p-nitrophenetole O-deethylase activity, and a 77% decrease in ethylmorphine N- demethylase activity. Hepatic glutathione levels were unaffected by aluminum, whereas metallothionein was induced in both liver and kidney. The distribution of endogenous metals normally associated with metallothionein was altered by aluminum administration. At the highest dose of aluminium (40 mg/kg), zinc levels were increased in liver cytosol (154%), while copper levels were unchanged in liver, but decreased in kidney (70%). Aluminum was present in the liver and kidney. Of the aluminum in the liver, less than 5% was in the cytosol, bound to a metallothionein-like protein. H. Treatment Overview

I. EMERGENCY ACTION GUIDELINES:  Fire Fighting Procedure: o When material is not involved in fire, do not use water on material itself. SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with large quantities of water, while knocking down vapors with water fog. If insufficient water supply: knock down vapors only. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not get water inside containers. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.  Protective Equipment & Clothing: o All personnel in the area should wear safety clothing, including fully closed goggles, rubber or plastic-coated gloves, rubber shoes, and coveralls of acid-resistant material. An acid-vapor canister mask should be carried in case of emergency. In certain applications, it may be advisable to wear this equipment on a routine basis. o Wear impervious protective clothing and gloves to prevent skin contact. Wear splash proof chemical safety goggles and approved respirator. o Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. o Wear goggles, self-contained breathing apparatus and rubber clothing o Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. o Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. o Protective clothing and a high standard of training in the necessary precautionary measures are essential for the handling of the materials.

 Cleanup Method: o Environmental considerations: Land spill: Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). o Environmental considerations: Water spill: Remove trapped material with suction hoses.

 Disposal Method: o Aluminium compounds are treated under anhydrous conditions to prevent violent reactions, recover solvent, and form Al compounds suitable for landfill by reaction with anhydrous hydrolysis agent, eg calcium hydroxide. o SRP: The most favourable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. o Cover any spills with sufficient amounts of sodium bicarbonate. Remove the mixture into a container such as a fiber drum, plastic bag or carton box for easy disposal in an incinerator, and dispose by burning in a furnace.

 ERPG GUIDE.: Please refer Emergency Response Guide No. 137 enclosed in Annexure-RA-I.

3.2 Benzene: A. General Details  Synonyms: Benzol, Benzol 90, Benzole, Phene, Phenyl Hydride, Polystream, Pyrobenzol, Pyrobenzole, Coal Naphtha, Cyclohexatriene.  Molecular Formula: C6-H6  Molecular Weight: 78.11

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

B. NFPA Classification Health: 1 (Slight) Materials that, on exposure, would cause significant irritation, but only minor residual injury, including those requiring the use of an approved air-purifying respirator. These materials are only slightly hazardous to health and only breathing protection are needed. Flammability: 3 (Serious) This degree includes Class IB and IC flammable liquids and materials that can be easily ignited under almost all normal temperature conditions. Water may be ineffective in controlling or extinguishing fires in such materials. Instability: 0 (Minimal) This degree includes materials that are normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and that do not react with water. Normal fire fighting procedures may be used. C. Hazardous Property  FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious) o HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Easily ignited by heat, sparks, flames o CAUTION: Very low flash point; use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient o Do not use straight streams D. Storage Condition  Keep in well closed containers in a cool place & away from fire.  PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties) that bears appropriate label. An inventory should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired Facilities for dispensing should be contiguous to storage area. E. Exposure Limits:  IDLH:  TLV: 8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 ppm; 15 min Short Term  OSHA Standard: o Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-2 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 10 ppm. o Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-2 Acceptable Ceiling Concentration: 25 ppm. F. Health Effects 0.1.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE  0.1.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) INHALATION . 1) Most individuals can begin to smell benzene in air at 1.5 to 4.7 parts per million (ppm) and detect the odor of benzene in water at 2 ppm. Brief exposure (5 to 10 minutes) to very high benzene air concentrations (10,000 to 20,000 ppm) can result in death. . 2) Lower levels (700 to 3,000 ppm) can cause drowsiness, dizziness, tachycardia, headaches, tremors, confusion and unconsciousness. Exposure to high air concentrations (3,000 ppm or higher) may cause acute poisoning, characterized by the narcotic action of benzene on the CNS. . 3) The anesthetic action of benzene is similar to that of other anesthetic gases, consisting of a preliminary stage of excitation followed by depression and, if exposure is continued, seizures, paralysis, ventricular arrhythmias and death due to respiratory failure. o B) CHRONIC exposure may cause aplastic anemia and leukemia. . 1) Chronic inhalation effects of small amounts of benzene may cause blood dyscrasias including thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and aplastic anemia. Headache, dizziness, irritability, nervousness, fatigue, anorexia and epistaxis may also occur.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

. 2) The US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), IARC and the US EPA have all classified benzene as a human carcinogen. Long-term exposure to relatively high air levels of benzene can cause acute myeloid leukemia (AML). o C) INGESTION - . 1) Benzene taste in water begins at 0.5 to 4.5 ppm. Ingestion of 9 to 12 g of benzene has caused vomiting, tachycardia, staggering gait, somnolence, loss of consciousness and delirium, followed by chemical pneumonitis and collapse, with initial stimulation followed by abrupt CNS depression. . 2) At moderate concentrations, pallor, dizziness and excitation, followed by flushing, dyspnea, chest constriction, headache and weakness may occur. . 3) Clinical signs from ingestion of higher concentrations may include euphoria and excitation, followed by fatigue, coma and death. o D) DERMAL - Locally, benzene has a strong irritating effect, producing erythema, burning and, in more severe cases, edema and blistering.  0.1.1.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE o A) CHRONIC TOXICITY is usually due to occupational exposure from chronic inhalation. . 1) Chronic exposure has resulted in aplastic anemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, erythroleukemia, and death. Chronic poisoning may occur in employees of gasoline filling stations and bulk gasoline loading facilities because of the high concentration of benzene in gasoline. . 2) In chronic poisoning the onset is slow with vague symptoms: fatigue, headache, dizziness, nausea and loss of appetite, loss of weight and weakness are common early complaints. Pallor, nosebleeds, bleeding gums, menorrhagia, petechiae and purpura may develop later. There is great individual variation in the signs and symptoms of chronic benzene poisoning. 0.1.4 HEENT  0.1.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Reversible epithelial cell injury of the eyes may occur after splash contact. 0.1.5 CARDIOVASCULAR  0.1.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Cardiac arrhythmias are possible. 0.1.6 RESPIRATORY  0.1.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Inhalation may result in bronchial irritation, cough, hoarseness, pulmonary edema and pneumonia. 0.1.7 NEUROLOGIC  0.1.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Euphoria, headache, giddiness, vertigo, ataxia, narcosis and muscular incoordination are possible. Confusion, seizures and coma may occur after exposure to high concentrations. Fatigue, headache, anorexia, dizziness, neuropathies and abnormal EEG may be noted after chronic exposure. Transverse myelitis may occur. 0.1.8 GASTROINTESTINAL  0.1.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) A burning sensation of the oral mucous membranes, esophagus and stomach may occur after ingestion, as well as nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. 0.1.9 HEPATIC  0.1.9.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Hepatic toxicity may occur. 0.1.10 GENITOURINARY  0.1.10.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and other kidney disease have been reported. 0.1.13 HEMATOLOGIC  0.1.13.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Chronic exposure can result in delayed hematopoietic changes, including many types of leukemia, aplastic anemia and myeloid metaplasia. 33

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

0.1.14 DERMATOLOGIC  0.1.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Erythema, blistering and dermatitis may occur. 0.1.16 ENDOCRINE  0.1.16.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Diabetes has been linked to benzene exposure. 0.1.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS  A) Benzene has been found in umbilical cord blood. Benzene exposure has been linked to menstrual changes, spontaneous abortion and stillbirth. 0.1.21 CARCINOGENICITY  0.1.21.1 IARC CATEGORY o A) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS71-43-2 (IARC, 2004): . 1) IARC Classification . a) Listed as: Benzene . b) Carcinogen Rating: 1 . 1) The agent (mixture) is carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are carcinogenic to humans. This category is used when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Exceptionally, an agent (mixture) may be placed in this category when evidence of carcinogenicity in humans is less than sufficient but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong evidence in exposed humans that the agent (mixture) acts through a relevant mechanism of carcinogenicity.  0.1.21.2 HUMAN OVERVIEW o A) Hematologic neoplasms (such as leukemia) have been associated with benzene exposure. 0.1.22 GENOTOXICITY  A) Micronuclei and DNA damage have been found in human lymphocyteas and in mice. Chromosomal abnormalities have been found in people exposed to benzene. In contrast to results in humans, such chromosomal aberrations have been transient in laboratory animals. Mutational studies have produced negative results.

G. Laboratory Test  Monitoring benzene in expired air and urine phenol levels may be useful for observing workers exposed to benzene.  Obtain baseline CBC. H. Treatment Overview 0.1.2 ORAL EXPOSURE  A) EMESIS: Ipecac-induced emesis is not recommended because of the potential for CNS depression and seizures.  B) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.  C) GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg and left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first. o 1) CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.  D) SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine IV; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg, repeat every 10 to 15 min as needed. CHILD: 0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg, repeat every 5 min as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg; CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg). o 1) Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children > 5 years).

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

o 2) Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, hypoxia.  E) Monitor EKG for cardiac arrhythmias; avoid epinephrine due to possible myocardial sensitization. 0.1.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE  A) INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids.  B) Toxic effects are produced by vapor inhalation. Monitor for respiratory depression. If cough or dyspnea develops evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, and pneumonia. 0.1.4 EYE EXPOSURE  A) DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persists, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. 0.1.5 DERMAL EXPOSURE  A) OVERVIEW o 1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists.

I. EMERGENCY ACTION GUIDELINES:  Fire Fighting Procedure: o Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors. Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. o If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.  Protective Equipment & Clothing: o Protective clothing consisting of coveralls or other full body clothing should be worn and changed at least twice weekly. o Where there is a possibility of benzene contact to eyes or skin, safety showers, eye-wash fountains, and cleansing facilities shall be installed and maintained. o Where high vapor concn are unavoidable, forced air masks should be used. Lifeline attended by ... Person outside contaminated enclosure is mandatory. If skin contact is unavoidable, neoprene gloves must be worn. o Hydrocarbon vapor canister, supplied air or a hose mask; hydrocarbon insoluble rubber or plastic gloves; chemical goggles or face splash shield; hydrocarbon-insoluble apron such as neoprene. o PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Dispensers of liq detergent Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. In animal laboratory, personnel should wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn however; gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. Gowns of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. o Performance data: For butyl rubber, natural rubber, neoprene, neoprene, neoprene/natural rubber, nitrile rubber, polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene, polyurethane, and polyvinyl chloride give breakthrough times less (usually significantly less) than one hour reported by (normally) two or more testers. Vendor

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

Recommendations: C or D ratings from three or more (apparently independent) vendors. o Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. o Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. o Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. o Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities should provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from anybody areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] o Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration. Respirator Class (es): Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full face piece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. Any supplied-air respirator that has a full face piece and is operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure- demand or other positive pressure mode. o Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Escape from suddenly occurring respiratory hazards: Respirator Class (es): Any air-purifying, full-face piece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.  Cleanup Method: o For spills on water, contain with booms or barriers, use surface acting agents to thicken spilled materials. Remove trapped materials with suction hoses. o Small spills of benzene can be taken up by sorption on carbon or synthetic sorbent resins. Flush area with water. For large quantities, if response is rapid, benzene can be skimmed off the surface. Straw may be used to mop slicks. o PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms. Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal. The plastic bag should be sealed immediately. The sealed bag should be labelled properly. Waste liquids should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface is not contaminated. The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. Broken glassware should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. o Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors, protect personnel, and dilute spills to form nonflammable mixtures. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal. o Environmental considerations - Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. o Environmental considerations - Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use surface active agent (e.g., detergent, soaps, alcohols), if approved by EPA. Inject "universal" gelling agent to solidify encircled spill and increase effectiveness of booms. If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Remove trapped material with suction 36

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. o Environmental considerations - Land spill: Dig a pit, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. Apply appropriate foam to diminish vapor and fire hazard.

 Disposal Method: o Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number F005, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. o Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U019, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. o Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D018, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. o Biodegradation, incineration: Benzene is biodegradable. Diluted aqueous soln, therefore, are drained into sewage treatment plants and decomposed there by anaerobic bacteria. Solvent mixtures and sludges of higher concn are burnt in special waste incinerators if a recovery process is uneconomical. o This flammable liquid burns with a very smoky flame. Dilution with alcohol or acetone is suggested to minimize smoke. Recommendable methods: Use as boiler fuel, incineration. Not recommendable: Landfill, discharge to sewer. o Incinerate or dispose of via a licensed solvent recycling or disposal company. o PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. Summary of avail methods & recommendations /given/ must be treated as guide only. o PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Total destruction ... by incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type is probably the gas-fired type, in which first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air: fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some are designed to accept aqueous & organic-solvent solutions; otherwise it is necessary to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities are to be destroyed in laboratory. o PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. LIQUID WASTE: Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ensures complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. o PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Small quantities of some carcinogens can be destroyed using chem reactions but no general rules can be given. As a general technique treatment with sodium dichromate in strong sulfuric acid can be used. The time necessary for destruction is seldom known but 1-2 days is generally considered sufficient when freshly prepd reagent is used. Carcinogens that are easily oxidizable can be destroyed with milder oxidative agents, such as sat soln of potassium permanganate in acetone, which appears to be a suitable agent for destruction of hydrazines or of

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

compounds containing isolated carbon-carbon double bonds. Concn or 50% aqueous sodium hypochlorite can also be used as an oxidizing agent. o PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Carcinogens that are alkylating, arylating or acylating agents per se can be destroyed by reaction with appropriate nucleophiles, such as water, hydroxyl ions, ammonia, thiols & thiosulfate. The reactivity of various alkylating agents varies greatly & is also influenced by sol of agent in the reaction medium. To facilitate the complete reaction, it is suggested that the agents be dissolved in ethanol or similar solvents. No method should be applied until it has been thoroughly tested for its effectiveness & safety on material to be inactivated. For example, in case of destruction of alkylating agents, it is possible to detect residual compounds by reaction with 4(4-nitrobenzyl)-pyridine. o Chemical Treatability of Benzene; Concentration Process: Biological Treatment; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Full Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Industrial Wastewater; Results of Study: 90-100% reduction; (treated by aerated lagoon). o Chemical Treatability of Benzene; Concentration Process: Biological Treatment; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Full Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Industrial Wastewater; Results of Study: 95-100% reduction; (completely mixed activated sludge process). o Chemical Treatability of Benzene; Concentration Process: Biological Treatment; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Respirometer Study; Type of Wastewater Used: Domestic Wastewater; Results of Study: 1.44-1.45 g of oxygen utilized/g of substrate added after 72 hr of oxidation. o Chemical Treatability of Benzene; Concentration Process: Biological Treatment; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Respirometer Study; Type of Wastewater Used: Domestic Wastewater; Results of Study: Oxygen uptake of 34 ppm oxygen/hr for 50 ppm chemical and 37 ppm oxygen/hr for 500 ppm chemical. o Chemical Treatability of Benzene; Concentration Process: Biological Treatment; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Full Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Industrial Wastewater; Results of Study: 95-100% reduction; (Activated sludge process). o Chemical Treatability of Benzene; Concentration Process: Stripping; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Literature Review; Type of Wastewater Used: Unknown; Results of Study: Air and steam strippable. o Chemical Treatability of Benzene; Concentration Process: Stripping; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Continuous Flow, Pilot Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Synthetic Wastewater; Results of Study: 95-99% reduction by steam stripping; (estimated cost of $3.35/1000 gal based on 0.03 MGD). o Chemical Treatability of Benzene; Concentration Process: Solvent Extraction; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Literature Review; Type of Wastewater Used: Unknown; Results of Study: Extractable with suitable solvent. o Chemical Treatability of Benzene; Concentration Process: Solvent Extraction; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Laboratory Scale, Continuous Flow; Type of Wastewater Used: Industrial Wastewater; Results of Study: 290 ppm @ 3 gal/hr, 97% reduction; (Extraction of wastewater from styrene manufacture using isobutylane (S/W= 0.107), RDC extractor used). o Chemical Treatability of Benzene; Concentration Process: Solvent Extraction; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Laboratory Scale, Continuous Flow; Type of Wastewater Used: Industrial Wastewater; Results of Study: 71 ppm @ 4.6 gal/hr, 96% reduction; (extraction of ethylene quench wastewater using isobutylene (S/W= 0.101) RDC extractor used). o Chemical Treatability of Benzene; Concentration Process: Solvent Extraction; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Laboratory Scale, Continuous Flow; Type of Wastewater Used: Industrial Waste; Results of Study: 81 ppm @ 4.6 gal/hr, 97% reduction; (extraction of ethylene quench wastewater using isobutane (S/W= 0.097) RDC extractor used).

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

o Chemical Treatability of Benzene; Concentration Process: Activated Carbon; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Pilot Scale, Continuous Flow; Type of Wastewater Used: Hazardous Material Spill Results of Study: 90% removal (to 0.1 ppb effluent conc) achieved in 8.5 min contact time; (Spilled material treated using EPA's mobile treatment trailer). o Chemical Treatability of Benzene; Concentration Process: Activated Carbon; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Isotherm Test; Type of Wastewater Used: Pure Compound; Results of Study: 0.7 mg/g carbon capacity. o Chemical Treatability of Benzene; Concentration Process: Activated Carbon; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Isotherm Test; Type of Wastewater Used: Pure Compound; Results of Study: Isotherm kinetics were as follows: Carbon: K= 26.8, l/n= 1.305; Filtrasorb: K= 18.5 l/n= 1.158; carbon dose (mg/l) required to reduce 1 mg/l to 0.1 mg/l; Daro-678 Filtrasorb-705. o Chemical Treatability of Benzene; Concentration Process: Activated Carbon; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Isotherm Test; Type of Wastewater Used: Pure Compound; Results of Study: 95% reduction, 21 ppm final concn, 0.080 g/g carbon capacity; (Carbon dose with 5 g/l Westvaco Nuchar). o Chemical Treatability of Benzene; Concentration Process: Activated Carbon; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Literature Review; Type of Wastewater Used: Industrial Wastewater; Results of Study: Effluent concn of 30 ppm TOC achieved; 98% removal; (at contact time of 55 min 0.15 MGD flow; pretreatment including pH adjustment). o Chemical Treatability of Benzene; Concentration Process: Activated Carbon; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Isotherm Test; Type of Wastewater Used: Pure Compound; Results of Study: Effluent Character (ppm): 500, 95% removal; 250, 91% removal; 50, 60% removal; (24 hr contact time, carbon dose was 10 times chemical concn). o Chemical Treatability of Benzene; Concentration Process: Activated Carbon; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Literature Review; Type of Wastewater Used: Unknown; Results of Study: 95% removal at 0.5% carbon dose. o A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 deg C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 deg C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 deg C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. o Full-scale activated carbon column treatment: Influent concn: 28,000 ug/l; Effluent concn: 1) < 10 ug/l with +99% removal, 2) 73 ug/l with 48-80% removal.  ERPG GUIDE.: Please refer Emergency Response Guide No. 130 enclosed in Annexure-RA-I.

3.3 Chlorine: A. General Details  Synonyms: Bertholite /warfare Gas/ ,Chloor (Dutch) , Chlor (German) , Chlore (French) , Chlorinated Water , Chlorine Mol , Cloro (Italian & Spanish) , Dichlorine ,Molecular Chlorine.

 Molecular Formula: Cl2  Molecular Weight: 70.905

B. NFPA Classification Health: 4 (Extreme) Materials that, on very short exposure, could cause death or major residual injury, including those that are too dangerous to be approached without specialized protective equipment. A few whiffs of the vapor or gas can cause death, or contact with the vapor or liquid may be fatal, if it penetrates the fire fighter's normal protective gear. The normal full protective clothing and breathing apparatus available 39

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

to the typical fire fighter will not provide adequate protection against inhalation or skin contact with these materials. Flammability: 0 (Minimal) This degree includes any material that will not burn under typical fire conditions. Instability: 0 (Minimal) This degree includes materials that are normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and that do not react with water. Normal fire fighting procedures may be used. Special: Oxidizer The material is an oxidizer. J. Hazardous Property  GASES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE - OXIDIZING • TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin • Water only; no dry chemical, CO2 or Halon® K. Storage Condition  Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from combustible, organic, or easily oxidizable materials. Isolate from acetylene, ammonia, hydrogen, hydrocarbons, ether, turpentine, and finely divided metals. Outside or detached storage is preferred.  Only auxiliary valves & gauges designed solely for chlorine gas use should be used. Stainless steel equipment should not be used. Every precaution should be taken to avoid drawing liquids back into chlorine containers as their contents are being exhausted. To avoid this ... The valve should be closed immediately after container ... Emptied. Chlorine leaks may be detected by passing a rag dampened with aqueous ammonia over the suspected valve or fitting. White fumes indicate escaping chlorine gas.  Permanent storage of chlorine is generally not recommended. However, at chlorine producing plants and barge shipping terminals, chlorine storage is an obvious necessity. Moderate amt may be handled in high strength tanks as a liquefied gas under pressure. The max amt that is considered safe under these conditions is about 450 tons. For larger quantities, low temp storage at atmosphere pressure is preferred in the interest of safety as well as economy. Chlorine gas evaporating from the low temp storage tank is reliquefied by a small refrigeration unit and recycled to storage. A standby absorber unit, usually a caustic soda soln tank, is also available to absorb evaporated chlorine in case of refrigeration unit failure. In small quantities, chlorine is stored and transported as a liquefied gas under pressure in 45.4, 68, and 909 kg steel cylinders equipped with fusible plug relief devices.

C. Exposure Limits:  IDLH: 10 ppm  TLV: 8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 1 ppm.  OSHA Standard: Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 Ceiling value: 1 ppm (3 mg/cu m). D. Health Effects 0.1.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE  0.1.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) USES: Chlorine is a greenish-yellow, noncombustible gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. It is used in industrial bleaching operations, sewage treatment, swimming pool chlorination tablets, and chemical warfare. It can be generated when bleach is mixed with other cleaning products. o B) TOXICOLOGY: The primary effects are due to local tissue injury rather than due to systemic absorption. Cellular injury is believed to result from the oxidation of functional groups in cell components, from reactions with tissue water to form hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid, and from the generation of free oxygen radicals. Although the idea that chlorine causes direct tissue damage by generating free oxygen radicals was once accepted, this idea is now controversial. o C) EPIDEMIOLOGY: Chlorine gas is one of the most common single, irritant, inhalation exposures, occupationally and environmentally. In a recent study of 323 cases of

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

inhalation exposures reported to poison control centers, the largest single exposure (21%) was caused by mixing bleach with other products. o D) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) MILD TO MODERATE POISONING: Cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, burning sensation in the throat and substernal area, nausea or vomiting, ocular and nasal irritation, choking, muscle weakness, dizziness, abdominal discomfort, and headache. . 2) SEVERE POISONING: Upper airway edema, laryngospasm, severe pulmonary edema, pneumonia, persistent hypoxemia, respiratory failure, acute lung injury, and metabolic acidosis. . 3) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Patients with asthma, reactive airways, or COPD may develop respiratory irritation at lower concentrations.  0.1.1.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE o A) Chronic exposure to chlorine gas may cause dyspnea, palpitations, chest pain, reactive upper airways dysfunction syndrome, dental enamel erosion, and an increased prevalence of viral syndromes. Chronic exposure to 15 ppm produced coughing, hemoptysis, chest pain and sore throat. Chronic exposure to chlorine gas is one of the most frequent causes of occupational asthma. 0.1.3 VITAL SIGNS  0.1.3.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Tachycardia and tachypnea are common. Severe exposure may cause cardiovascular collapse and respiratory arrest. 0.1.4 HEENT  0.1.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Green hair, dental enamel erosion, conjunctivitis, lacrimation, nasal and throat irritation may occur. Anosmia is reported. 0.1.5 CARDIOVASCULAR  0.1.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Tachycardia and initial hypertension followed by hypotension may occur. Cardiovascular collapse may ensue following severe exposure. 0.1.6 RESPIRATORY  0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) A feeling of burning and suffocation, coughing, choking, laryngeal edema, bronchospasm, and hypoxia may occur. In high concentrations, syncope and almost immediate death may occur. Acute lung injury is common after severe exposure. . 2) Multiple exposures produced flu-like symptoms and high risk of developing reactive airway dysfunction syndrome. . 3) Persistent pulmonary dysfunction has been reported in some individuals following severe inhalational exposure. 0.1.7 NEUROLOGIC  0.1.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Headache may develop. Agitation and anxiety may develop in patients with significant respiratory compromise. 0.1.8 GASTROINTESTINAL  0.1.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Vomiting may occur following initial exposure. 0.1.11 ACID-BASE  0.1.11.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE 41

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

o A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Following severe exposure, metabolic acidosis secondary to hypoxemia may be noted. 0.2.14 DERMATOLOGIC  0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Dermal exposure may cause erythema, pain, irritation, and cutaneous burns. 0.1.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS  A) Chlorine (as hypochlorite) is teratogenic in experimental animals. Evaluations of sperm morphology in murine experiments demonstrated the presence of mutations. 0.1.21 CARCINOGENICITY  0.2.21.1 IARC CATEGORY o A) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7782-50-5 (IARC, 2004): . 1) Not Listed  0.1.21.2 HUMAN OVERVIEW o A) Lymphoma has been observed in relation to water treatment with chlorine. Associations with increased renal, bladder and gastric cancers have also been found but firm conclusions cannot be drawn because of mixed exposures with caustic acids.  0.1.21.3 ANIMAL OVERVIEW o A) Chlorine gas was not carcinogenic in mice and rats exposed to varying concentrations. Chlorine administered in drinking water produced lymphomas and/or leukemia in rats, but was not carcinogenic in a third study. 0.1.22 GENOTOXICITY  A) Haloacetonitriles have produced DNA strand breaks in cultured human cells. Mutations have been detected in S typhimurium and chromosome aberrations have been detected in human lymphocytes. E. Laboratory Test  Obtain a chest radiograph and monitor pulse oximetry in patients with respiratory distress.  Obtain arterial blood gases in patients with severe respiratory distress.

F. Treatment Overview 0.1.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE  A) MANAGEMENT OF MILD TOXICITY o 1) Provide supplemental oxygen to maintain PaO2 of 60 mmHg or greater. Bronchodilators (inhaled albuterol or other beta-agonists, and anticholinergics) have been used frequently for the management of respiratory symptoms. Lidocaine (1% solution) added to nebulized albuterol results in both analgesic and cough suppressant actions. Nebulized sodium bicarbonate (3.75%) has been used in case series and is suggested by some experts. Perform an ophthalmologic exam (including visual acuity and slit lamp) in any patient with persistent eye irritation.  B) MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE TOXICITY o 1) Aggressive use of inhaled beta agonists, lidocaine, and nebulized sodium bicarbonate for bronchospasm. Corticosteroids may also be useful for severe bronchospasm. Early intubation for laryngospasm or severe respiratory distress. Treat respiratory failure with positive-pressure ventilation. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) (8 to 10 mmHg) and inverse ratio ventilation may be beneficial in acute lung injury.  C) DECONTAMINATION o 1) PREHOSPITAL: Remove the individual from the toxic environment. Administer humidified oxygen if respiratory irritation develops. Remove contaminated clothing. o 2) HOSPITAL: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of normal saline. Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed skin with water.  D) AIRWAY MANAGEMENT o 1) Perform endotracheal intubation if indicated (e.g., persistent hypoxemia, severe bronchospasm, stridor, severe respiratory distress, or laryngeal edema).

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

 E) ANTIDOTE o 1) There is no specific antidote.  F) ENHANCED ELIMINATION o 1) There is no role for this procedure.  G) PATIENT DISPOSITION o 1) HOME CRITERIA: Patients who are asymptomatic and those who have mild, transient irritation (eye, skin, or respiratory) may be observed at home. o 2) OBSERVATION CRITERIA: Patients with more than transient eye or pulmonary irritation should be sent to a health care facility for treatment and observation. o 3) ADMISSION CRITERIA: Patients with persistent respiratory symptoms after 4 to 6 hours should be admitted. Patients with severe respiratory distress or upper airway injury should be admitted to an intensive care unit. o 4) CONSULT CRITERIA: Consult critical care personnel if patient exhibits severe and protracted respiratory distress. Consult an ophthalmologist for patients with ocular burns. Consult a medical toxicologist or poison center for patients with persistent symptoms.  H) PITFALLS o 1) Distinguishing toxic air levels from permissible air levels may be difficult until irritative symptoms are present. History of chlorine exposure may be difficult to obtain in some settings (e.g., swimming pools, mixing of cleaning products).  I) TOXICOKINETICS o 1) Chlorine is a greenish-yellow, noncombustible gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The intermediate water solubility of chlorine accounts for its effect on the upper airway and the lower respiratory tract. In addition, the density of the gas is greater than that of air, causing it to remain near ground level and increasing exposure time. the odor threshold for chlorine is approximately 0.3 to 0.5 parts per million (ppm).  J) DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS o 1) This should include diseases or exposures that produce acute respiratory distress (e.g., inhalation of acid or alkaline mists, asthma, COPD). 0.1.4 EYE EXPOSURE  A) MANAGEMENT OF MILD TOXICITY o 1) Perform an ophthalmologic exam (including visual acuity and slit lamp) in any patient with persistent eye irritation.  B) DECONTAMINATION o 1) PREHOSPITAL: Irrigate exposed eyes with normal saline. o 2) HOSPITAL: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of normal saline. In cases of suspected ocular injury, determine initial pH using a reagent strip. Continue irrigation with 0.9% saline until the pH returns to 7 to 8. 0.1.5 DERMAL EXPOSURE  A) OVERVIEW o 1) DECONTAMINATION . a) PREHOSPITAL: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed skin with water. . b) HOSPITAL: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed skin with water. G. EMERGENCY ACTION GUIDELINES:  Fire Fighting Procedure: o Use water spray to keep fire exposed containers cool. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire. o If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

o Respiratory protection for chlorine /during/ fire fighting: self contained breathing apparatus with a full face piece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. o Not flammable. May cause fire on contact with combustibles. Poisonous gases are produced in fires. Stop flow of gas if possible. Cool exposed containers and protect men effecting shutoff with water. Wear goggles, self-contained breathing apparatus, and rubber over clothing (including gloves).  Protective Equipment & Clothing: o Handlers must wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, shoes, and socks. ... In case of a spill or leak, handlers must wear chemical-resistant gloves (such as nitrile or butyl) and a full-face canisterstyle (gas mask) respirator with a canister approved for chlorine (MSHA/NIOSH approval number prefix TC-14G) OR a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) (MSHA/NIOSH approval number prefix TC-13F). Since there is always the possibility of a spill or leak, gloves and a respirator of a type specified above must be available and are required for anyone entering into an affected area in the event of a leak or spill. o Saranex, Butyl Rubber/Neoprene, Viton, Neoprene, Butyl Rubber, and Viton/Neoprene are among the recommended protective materials. o Employees should be provided with & required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (8 inch minimum), & other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent skin contact with liq chlorine, & to prevent skin from becoming frozen from contact with vessels containing liquid chlorine. o Respiratory protective equipment of a type approved by MSHA (Mine Safety and Health Admin) and NIOSH for chlorine (Cl2) service should always be readily available in places where this substance is used and so located as to be easily reached in case of need. o Wear chemical goggles. o There is some data for chlorine (usually immersion tests) suggesting that breakthrough times through Saranex greater than one hour are not likely. o Respirator Recommendations: Up to 5 ppm: (Assigned Protection Factor = 10) Any chemical cartridge respirator with cartridge(s) providing protection against the compound of concern. Substance reported to cause eye irritation or damage; may require eye protection./(Assigned Protection Factor = 10) Any supplied-air respirator. Substance reported to cause eye irritation or damage; may require eye protection. o Respirator Recommendations: Up to 10 ppm: (Assigned Protection Factor = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode. Substance reported to cause eye irritation or damage; may require eye protection./(Assigned Protection Factor = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with cartridge(s) providing protection against the compound of concern. Substance reported to cause eye irritation or damage; may require eye protection./(Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and cartridge(s) providing protection against the compound of concern./(Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any air-purifying, full- facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted canister providing protection against the compound of concern./(Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece./(Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece. o Respirator Recommendations: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: (Assigned Protection Factor = 10,000) Any self- contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure- demand or other positive-pressure mode./(Assigned Protection Factor = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive- pressure breathing apparatus. o Respirator Recommendations: Escape: (Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any air- purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

canister providing protection against the compound of concern/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus. o Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact with the liquid that could result in burns or tissue damage from frostbite. o Quick drench facilities and/or eyewash fountains should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is any possibility of exposure to liquids that are extremely cold or rapidly evaporating.

 Cleanup Method: o If the gas is leaked, stop the flow of gas if it can be done safely. If the source of the leak is a cylinder and the leak cannot be stopped in place, remove leaking cylinder to a safe place in open air, and, repair the leak or allow the cylinder to empty. If the leak can be stopped in place, bubble chlorine through a sodium sulfide and excess sodium bicarbonate solution including a trap line. For liquid spills, ventilate area and wash down spill with water. o Neutralizing agents: calcium carbonate, hydroxide, or oxide, adventitious crustacean shells, sodium hydroxide or carbonate, limestone, or dolomite. Reducing agents: calcium sulfite hemihydrate, lignite filtrate, or cellulose sulfite liquor from wood pulping. Sorbents: activated carbon, polyurethane, polyolefin and Dowex 1. Sodium thiosulfate should be used for dechlorination. o Construct barriers to contain spill or divert to impermeable surfaces. Immobilize spill with recommended materials. Remove material with dredges, pumps or vacuum equipment. Absorb small amounts of spill with sawdust, sand, or synthetic sorbents, shovel into containers with covers. o Water treatment: ... A pilot plant water treatment system composed of sand and diatomaceous earth filtration ozonation and activated carbon filtration was evaluated. Activated carbon filtration did not completely eliminate chlorine under any conditions tested; the post-activated carbon filtration chlorine concentrations were relatively insensitive to large variations in incoming chlorine levels and water flow rates. Activated carbon filtration also reduced the total dissolved organic carbon concentrations by 65% and reduced various halogenated methane derivatives by 97- 100%. Ultra violet irradiation eliminated up to 99% of the total chlorine in municipal water; Ultra violet dechlorination was sensitive to flow rate. ... Water temperatures ranging from 7.5-20.6 deg C did not affect the efficiency of dechlorination by activated carbon filtration or ultra violet irradiation. sodium sulfite at a 3:1 molar ratio to chlorine completely eliminated chlorine from municipal water while a sulfur trioxide: chlorine ratio of 6:1 was required to completely dechlorinate water which had been partially dechlorinated by activated carbon filtration. o Environmental considerations- Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Neutralize with dilute caustic soda (NaOH) or soda ash (Na2CO3). o Environmental considerations- Water spill: Add dilute caustic soda (NaOH). If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. o Environmental considerations- Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Vapor knock down water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

 Disposal Method: o SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. o Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and the permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge. o Dispose the contents of a leaking cylinder to a safe out-of-doors area or a hood with forced ventilation. Attach an appropriate control valve provided with a trap or check valve and a long piece of flexible hose connected to the valve outlet. Discharge the gas at a moderate rate into an adequate amount of about 15% aqueous sodium hydroxide or other alkali in a suitable container. When all the gas has been discharged, close the cylinder valve, and transport the resulting salt solution to the plant treating unit for neutralization and disposal. The cylinder should be tagged as defective and returned to the supplier according to their directions.

 ERPG GUIDE.: Please refer Emergency Response Guide No. 124 enclosed in Annexure-RA-I.

3.4 Hydrogen Chloride: A. General Details  Synonyms: Chlorohydric Acid , Hydrochloric Acid ,Hydrochloride ,Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) , Muriatic Acid  Molecular Formula: Cl-H  Molecular Weight: 36.46

B. NFPA Classification Health: 3 (Serious) Can cause serious or permanent injury. Flammability: 2 (Moderate) Will not burn under typical fire conditions. Instability: 0 (Minimal) Normally stable but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.

C. Hazardous Property  SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible) o Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin

D. Storage Condition  Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from oxidizing materials, organic materials, and alkalies. /Hydrogen chloride, anhydrous; hydrogen chloride, refrigerated liquid/  Store in a dry place no lower in tersperature than 50 deg F or higher than 120 deg F. /Emulso Germicidal Bowl Cleaner Disinfectant/  The acid should not be stored in the vicinity of flammable or oxidizing substances, eg nitric acid or chlorates, or near metals and metal hydrides that may be attacked by the acid Electrical equipment should be flameproof and protected against corrosive action./Hydrochloric acid/  No part of a cylinder should be subjected to a temp above 52 deg C. /Anhydrous hydrogen chloride/

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

 Storage areas should be well ventilated and have a cement floor and shelter from direct sunlight and heat should be provided. /Hydrochloric acid/

E. Exposure Limits:  IDLH: 50 ppm  TLV: Ceiling Limit: 2 ppm.  OSHA Standard: Permissible Exposure Limit: Ceiling value: 5 ppm (7 mg/cu m). F. Health Effects 0.1.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE  0.1.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) USES: Anhydrous hydrogen chloride is used in the production of pharmaceutical hydrochlorides and chlorine, rubber, as a gaseous flux for babbiting operations. It is also used in the leather tanning, electroplating, and food processing industries. Hydrogen chloride in aqueous solution (hydrochloric acid) has many commercial and industrial uses. o B) TOXICOLOGY: Acids cause coagulation necrosis. Hydrogen ions desiccate epithelial cells, causing edema, erythema, tissue sloughing and necrosis, with formation of ulcers and eschars. o C) EPIDEMIOLOGY: Exposure is rare. Hydrogen chloride is typically available for industrial purposes. o D) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Hydrogen chloride exposure is unusual; limited data regarding specific human toxicity following hydrogen chloride exposure is available. The following effects could be expected to occur, based on exposure data of other acids. . 2) MILD TO MODERATE ORAL TOXICITY: Patients with mild ingestions may only develop irritation or grade I (superficial hyperemia and edema) burns of the oropharynx, esophagus or stomach; acute or chronic complications are unlikely. Patients with moderate toxicity may develop grade II burns (superficial blisters, erosions and ulcerations) are at risk for subsequent stricture formation, particularly gastric outlet and esophageal. Some patients (particularly young children) may develop upper airway edema. . 3) SEVERE ORAL TOXICITY: May develop deep burns and necrosis of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Complications often include perforation (esophageal, gastric, rarely duodenal), fistula formation (tracheoesophageal, aortoesophageal), and gastrointestinal bleeding. Upper airway edema is common and often life threatening. Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea and, rarely, fever may develop. Other rare complications include metabolic acidosis, hemolysis, renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, elevated liver enzymes, and cardiovascular collapse. Stricture formation (primarily gastric outlet and esophageal, less often oral) is likely to develop long term. Esophageal carcinoma is another long term complication. . a) PREDICTIVE: The grade of mucosal injury at endoscopy is the strongest predictive factor for the occurrence of systemic and GI complications and mortality. Initial signs and symptoms may not reliably predict the extent of GI burns. . 4) INHALATION EXPOSURE: Mild exposure may cause dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, cough and bronchospasm. Severe inhalation may cause upper airway edema and burns, hypoxia, stridor, pneumonitis, tracheobronchitis, and rarely acute lung injury or persistent pulmonary function abnormalities. The current NIOSH IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE OR HEALTH (IDLH) air concentration for hydrogen chloride is 50 ppm. No significant effects have been seen with chronic exposure to low levels of gaseous hydrogen chloride. . 5) OCULAR EXPOSURE: Ocular exposure can produce severe conjunctival irritation and chemosis, corneal epithelial defects, limbal ischemia, permanent vision loss and in severe cases perforation. 47

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

. 6) DERMAL EXPOSURE: A minor exposure can cause irritation and partial thickness burns. More prolonged or a high concentration exposure can cause full thickness burns. Complications may include cellulitis, sepsis, contractures, osteomyelitis and systemic toxicity.  0.1.1.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE o A) Chronic or prolonged exposure may be associated with changes in pulmonary function, chronic bronchitis, dermatitis, erosion of dental enamel, conjunctivitis, and overt upper respiratory tract abnormalities. No significant effects have been seen from chronic exposure to low levels of gaseous hydrogen chloride. Symptoms may be delayed 1 or 2 days. . 1) Chronic exposure to the anhydrous form is unlikely because of its highly affinity for water. . 2) Because of its highly irritating and excellent warning properties, acute poisoning from hydrogen chloride occurs only rarely in controlled industrial environments except in accidental exposures. Poisoning can occur from inhalation, dermal, or oral exposure; it is a strong irritant of the eyes and skin. When heated to decomposition, hydrogen chloride emits toxic fumes of chloride. . 3) True systemic poisoning is highly unlikely because both hydronium ions and chloride ions are normal constituents of the body. However, the importance of hydrogen chloride as a strong poison should not be underestimated; the anhydrous gas can be fatal by the inhalation or dermal routes. Significant oral exposure is not likely because of its physical form. o B) Chronic or prolonged exposure may be associated with changes in pulmonary function, chronic bronchitis, dermatitis, erosion of dental enamel, conjunctivitis, and overt upper respiratory tract abnormalities. No significant effects have been seen from chronic exposure to low levels of gaseous hydrogen chloride. Symptoms may be delayed 1 or 2 days. 0.1.3 VITAL SIGNS  0.1.3.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Shock, rapid breathing and pulse, circulatory collapse and other changes to pulse, blood pressure, and respiration may occur. 0.1.4 HEENT  0.1.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Dental discoloration or erosion, bleeding gums, corneal necrosis, conjunctivitis, eye and nasal irritation, nasal ulceration, nose bleeds, throat irritation and ulceration have been observed. 0.1.5 CARDIOVASCULAR  0.1.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Circulatory collapse and ischemic lesions may occur. 0.1.6 RESPIRATORY  0.1.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Changes in breathing pattern, irritation, changes in pulmonary function, corrosion and edema of the respiratory tract, chronic bronchitis and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema have been observed. 0.1.8 GASTROINTESTINAL  0.1.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Gastritis, burns, gastric hemorrhage, dilation, edema, necrosis, and strictures may occur. 0.1.9 HEPATIC  0.1.9.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Ischemia and hepatotoxicity may be observed. 0.1.10 GENITOURINARY  0.1.10.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Nephritis and renal failure may occur. 0.1.11 ACID-BASE  0.1.11.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis may occur. 0.1.12 FLUID-ELECTROLYTE 48

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

 0.1.12.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE o A) Chlorosis may occur with prolonged or chronic exposure. 0.1.13 HEMATOLOGIC  0.1.13.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Coagulopathy has been reported following an acute ingestion of hydrochloric acid.  0.1.13.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE o A) A diminished hemoglobin content developed in exposed animals. 0.1.14 DERMATOLOGIC  0.1.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Burns, ulceration, scarring, blanching, and irritation may occur.  0.1.14.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE o A) Dermatitis may occur with prolonged or chronic exposure. 0.1.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS  A) Fetotoxicity, developmental abnormalities, and possible resistance to hydrogen chloride by inhalation during pregnancy have been noted.  B) At the time of this review, no data were available on the possible effects of hydrogen chloride exposure during lactation.  C) No information about possible male reproductive effects was found in available references at the time of this review. 0.1.21 CARCINOGENICITY  0.1.21.1 IARC CATEGORY o A) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7647-01-0 (IARC, 2004): . 1) IARC Classification . a) Listed as: Hydrochloric acid . b) Carcinogen Rating: 3 . 1) The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category.  0.1.21.2 HUMAN OVERVIEW o A) There has been a lack of conclusive data regarding the carcinogenicity of this agent; however, carcinogenic effects may occur when this agent is in combination with other substances. 0.1.22 GENOTOXICITY  A) DNA repair, genotoxicity, sex chromosome loss and chromosome aberrations have been observed.

L. Laboratory Test  Obtain a complete blood count and electrolytes in all patients with significant burns after acid ingestion.  In patients with signs and symptoms suggesting severe burns, perforation, or bleeding (or adults with deliberate, high volume or high concentration ingestions), obtain renal function tests, liver enzymes, serial CBC, INR, PT, PTT, fibrinogen, fibrin degradation products, type and crossmatch for blood, and monitor urine output and urinalysis. Serum lactate and base deficit may also be useful in these patients.  Monitor pulse oximetry or arterial blood gases in patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of upper airway edema or burns.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

 Obtain an upright chest x-ray in patients with signs and symptoms suggesting severe burns, perforation, or bleeding (or adults with deliberate, high volume or high concentration ingestions) to evaluate for pneumomediastinum or free air under the diaphragm. The absence of these findings does NOT rule out the possibility of necrosis or perforation of the esophagus or stomach. Obtain a chest radiograph in patients with pulmonary signs or symptoms.  Several weeks after ingestion, barium contrast radiographs of the upper GI tract are useful in patients who sustained grade 2 or 3 burns, to evaluate for strictures.  Because of its reactivity, acrylyl chloride would not be expected to exist in the free form in biological fluids. G. Treatment Overview 0.1.2 ORAL EXPOSURE  A) There is very little information available regarding the treatment of hydrogen chloride-induced injury; the following data is derived from experience with other acids.  B) MILD TO MODERATE ORAL TOXICITY o 1) Within the first 12 hours of exposure, if burns are absent or grade I severity, patient may be discharged when able to tolerate liquids and soft foods by mouth. If mild grade II burns, admit for intravenous fluids, slowly advance diet as tolerated. Perform barium swallow or repeat endoscopy several weeks after ingestion (sooner if difficulty swallowing) to evaluate for stricture formation.  C) SEVERE ORAL TOXICITY o 1) Resuscitate with 0.9% saline; blood products may be necessary. Early airway management in patients with upper airway edema or respiratory distress. Early (within 12 hours) gastrointestinal endoscopy to evaluate for burns. Early bronchoscopy in patients with respiratory distress or upper airway edema. Early surgical consultation for patients with severe grade II or grade III burns, large deliberate ingestions, or signs, symptoms or laboratory findings concerning for tissue necrosis or perforation.  D) DILUTION o 1) Dilute with 4 to 8 ounces of water may be useful if it can be performed shortly after ingestion in patients who are able to swallow, with no vomiting or respiratory distress; then the patient should be NPO until assessed for the need for endoscopy. Neutralization, activated charcoal, ipecac and gastric lavage are all contraindicated.  E) AIRWAY MANAGEMENT o 1) Aggressive airway management in patients with deliberate ingestions or any indication of upper airway injury. Severe edema may make intubation difficult; be prepared for surgical airway management (cricothyroidotomy) in patients with severe upper airway edema.  F) ENDOSCOPY o 1) Should be performed as soon as possible (preferably within 12 hours, not more than 24 hours) in any patient with acid ingestion. The grade of mucosal injury at endoscopy is the strongest predictive factor for the occurrence of systemic and GI complications and mortality. The absence of visible oral burns does NOT reliably exclude the presence of esophageal burns.  G) BRONCHOSPASM o 1) Treat with oxygen, inhaled beta agonists and consider systemic corticosteroids  H) CORTICOSTEROIDS o 1) The use of corticosteroids to prevent stricture formation is controversial. Corticosteroids should not be used in patients with grade I or grade III injury, as there is no evidence that it is effective. Evidence for grade II burns is conflicting, and the risk of perforation and infection is increased with steroid use, so routine use is not recommended.  I) STRICTURE o 1) A barium swallow or repeat endoscopy should be performed several weeks after ingestion in any patient with grade II or III burns or with difficulty swallowing to evaluate for stricture formation. Recurrent dilation may be required. Some authors advocate early stent placement in these patients to prevent stricture formation.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

 J) SURGICAL MANAGEMENT o 1) Immediate surgical consultation should be obtained on any patient with grade III or severe grade II burns on endoscopy, significant abdominal pain, metabolic acidosis, hypotension, coagulopathy, or a history of large ingestion. Early laparotomy can identify tissue necrosis and impending or unrecognized perforation, early resection and repair in these patients is associated with improved outcome.  K) PATIENT DISPOSITION o 1) OBSERVATION CRITERIA: Patients with an acid ingestion should be sent to a health care facility for evaluation. Patients with an endoscopic evaluation that demonstrates no burns or only minor grade I burns and who can tolerate oral intake can be discharged to home. o 2) ADMISSION CRITERIA: Symptomatic patients, and those with endoscopically demonstrated grade II or higher burns should be admitted. Patients with respiratory distress, grade III burns, or extensive grade II burns, acidosis, hemodynamic instability, gastrointestinal bleeding, or large ingestions should be admitted to an intensive care setting.  L) PITFALLS o 1) The absence of oral burns does NOT reliably exclude the possibility of significant esophageal burns. o 2) Patients may have severe tissue necrosis and impending perforation requiring early surgical intervention without having severe hypotension, rigid abdomen, or radiographic evidence of intraperitoneal air. o 3) Patients with any evidence of upper airway involvement require early airway management before airway edema progresses. o 4) The extent of eye injury (degree of corneal opacification and perilimbal whitening) may not be apparent for 48 to 72 hours after the burn. All patients with acidic eye injury should be evaluated by an ophthalmologist.  M) DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS o 1) Alkaline corrosive ingestion, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, or perforated viscus. 0.1.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE  A) INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids.  B) ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gas or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.  C) HYPOTENSION: Infuse 10 to 20 mL/kg isotonic fluid. If hypotension persists, administer dopamine (5 to 20 mcg/kg/min) or norepinephrine (ADULT: begin infusion at 0.5 to 1 mcg/min; CHILD: begin infusion at 0.1 mcg/kg/min); titrate to desired response.  D) If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.  E) Respiratory tract irritation, if severe, can progress to pulmonary edema which may be delayed in onset up to 24 to 72 hours after exposure in some cases.  F) ISOPROTERENOL/AMINOPHYLLINE o 1) In rabbits, treatment with isoproterenol and aminophylline significantly reduced the increased pulmonary artery pressure, vascular permeability, and fluid-flux associated with hydrochloric acid injury. 0.1.4 EYE EXPOSURE  A) DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. 0.1.5 DERMAL EXPOSURE  A) OVERVIEW o 1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

o 2) Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines. o 3) HYPOTENSION: Infuse 10 to 20 mL/kg isotonic fluid. If hypotension persists, administer dopamine (5 to 20 mcg/kg/min) or norepinephrine (ADULT: begin infusion at 0.5 to 1 mcg/min; CHILD: begin infusion at 0.1 mcg/kg/min); titrate to desired response. o 4) Treatment should include recommendations listed in the INHALATION EXPOSURE section when appropriate.

H. EMERGENCY ACTION GUIDELINES:  Fire Fighting Procedure: o Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire. /Hydrogen chloride, anhydrous; hydrogen chloride, refrigerated liquid/ o If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty). Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. o Noncombustible, but contact with metals may produce highly flammable hydrogen gas. o If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty). Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

 Protective Equipment & Clothing: o Workers should wear acid resistant protective clothing, incl hoods, eye & face protection, acid resistant hand & arm protection, & foot & leg protection Workers should wear resp protective equipment of self contained or canister type depending on concn. o For entry into a situation where the spilled material and its characteristics are unknown a totally encapsulated chemical suit should be worn. o SRP: When working with strong solutions of acids or bases or other caustic or corrosive materials, always wear a full face mask. When working with caustic or corrosive gases or vapors, a full face mask will not protect the eyes or prevent inhaling the material. A full face respirator is required. o Vendor recommendations concerning the protective qualities of materials are as follow: neoprene, nitrile, chlorinated polyethylene, and polyvinyl alcohol received A (highest) or B (good) ratings from three or more venders, Natural rubber and nitrile/polyvinyl chloride received A (highest) or B (good) ratings from less than three vendors, B (good) and C (fair) ratings, with B's predominating, from several vendors, Neoprene/styrene-butadiene rubber and polyurethane received B (good) and C (fair) ratings, with C's predominating, from several vendors, C (fair) or D (poor) ratings from less than three vendors. o Breakthrough times of chlorinated polyethylene are greater than one hour reported by (normally) two or more testers. There are some data suggesting breakthrough times of polycarbonate to be approximately an hour or more. o Breakthrough times of natural rubber, neoprene, nitrile, and polyvinyl chloride are greater than one hour reported by (normally) two or more testers. Breakthrough times of natural rubber and neoprene are greater than one hour reported by (normally) two or more testers. There are some data suggesting the breakthrough times of nitrile, polyvinyl chloride, Viton, and Saranex to be approximately an hour or more. o Workshops in which hydrochloric acid is frequently handled should be equipped with emergency showers and eyewash equipment, etc. o Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. o Compressed gases may create low temperatures when they expand rapidly. Leaks and uses that allow rapid expansion may cause a frostbite hazard. Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent the skin from becoming frozen. 52

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

o Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact with the liquid that could result in burns or tissue damage from frostbite. o Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. o Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities should provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate o Quick drench facilities and/or eyewash fountains should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is any possibility of exposure to liquids that are extremely cold or rapidly evaporating. o Respirator Recommendations: Up to 50 ppm: (Assigned Protection Factor = 10) Any chemical cartridge respirator with cartridge(s) providing protection against the compound of concern. Substance reported to cause eye irritation or damage; may require eye protection./(Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted canister providing protection against the compound of concern./(Assigned Protection Factor = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with cartridge(s) providing protection against the compound of concern. Substance reported to cause eye irritation or damage; may require eye protection./(Assigned Protection Factor = 10) Any supplied-air respirator. Substance reported to cause eye irritation or damage; may require eye protection./(Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. o Respirator Recommendations: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: (Assigned Protection Factor = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive- pressure mode./(Assigned Protection Factor = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus. o Respirator Recommendations: Escape: (Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted acid gas canister/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus. o Avoid contact by leakage or otherwise with all common metal. PVA not recommended for gloves; eye protectors and rubberized clothing should be worn in spill area. Respiratory equipment may be necessary and should not be constructed of materials susceptible to rapid corrosion by acid. o Personal Protection: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. Hydrogen chloride, anhydrous; Hydrogen chloride, refrigerated liquid. o Personal Protection: Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. o Compatible protective equipment construction materials include: Natural rubber, neoprene, nitrile rubber, nitrile rubber/polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride. Hydrochloric acid; Hydrogen chloride, anhydrous; Hydrogen chloride, refrigerated liquid.

 Cleanup Method: o If hydrogen chloride gas is leaked 1. Ventilate area of leak to disperse gas. 2. Stop flow of gas. If source of leak is a cylinder and the leak cannot be stopped in place, remove the leaking cylinder to a safe place in the open air, and repair the leak or allow the cylinder to empty. If soln of hydrogen chloride is spilled 1. Collect or confine spilled material in the

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

most convenient and safe manner. 2. If possible, reclaim the spilled material. If this is not possible; 3. Dilute and/or neutralize and dispose of in a secured sanitary landfill. o Spills in Water: Sodium bicarbonate is recommended as an in situ neutralizing agent. o During scrubbing (an air pollution control method), water is used for removing hydrochloric acid. o Environmental considerations -- land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethan or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment. o The following absorbent materials have been tested and recommended for vapor suppression and/or containment of 26% and 35% hydrochloric acid solutions: a mixture of (75%) anionic polyacrylamide (R1779) and (25%) nonionic polyacrylamide (Versicol W25), individually use the anionic polyacrylamide or nonionic polyacrylamide, and Cellosize WP3H (hydroxyethyl cellulose). o Approach release from upwind. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use water fog or spray to knock down and absorb vapors. Releases may require isolation or evacuation. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

 Disposal Method: o SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. o Pesticide disposal: Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous. Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal Law. If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency, or the Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. Container disposal:- Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or incineration, or, if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning. If burned, stay out of smoke. o This pesticide is toxic to fish and aquatic organisms. Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries oceans or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and the permitting authorith has been notified in writing prior to discharge. Does not discharge effluent containing this product to sewer systems without previously notifying the local sewage treatment plant authonty For guidance contact your State Water Board or Regional Office of the EPA. o Neutralization: Neutralize with limestone (CaCO3), soda ash (Na2CO3) or slaked lime (Ca(OH)2). Flushing to sewer with high dilution depends on allowable neutral salt concn in effluent water. Consider use of waste acid to neutralize alkaline wastes.

 ERPG GUIDE.: Please refer Emergency Response Guide No. 125 & 157 enclosed in Annexure-RA-I.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

 Protective Distance Map:

Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances Small Spills Large Spills (From a small package or small (From a large package or

leak from a large package) many small packages) ID NAME OF Then PROTECT Then PROTECT No. MATERIAL First ISOLATE persons First ISOLATE persons in all Downwind in all Downwind Directions during Directions during Day Night Day Night

Hydrogen 30 m 0.1 km 0.3 km 60 m 0.3 km 1.3 km 1050 chloride, 100 ft 0.1 mi 0.2 mi 200 ft 0.2 mi 0.8 mi anhydrous Hydrogen chloride, 30 m 0.1 km 0.3 km 300 m 2.0 km 7.6 km 2186 refrigerated 100 ft 0.1 mi 0.2 mi 1000 ft 1.3 mi 4.7 mi liquid

3.5 Hydrogen Peroxide: A. General Details  Synonyms: Albone, Albone Ds, Hioxyl, Hydrogen Dioxide, Hydrogen Dioxide Solution, Hydrogen Peroxide Solution, Hydroperoxide, Inhibine, Perhydrol, Peroxaan, Peroxan, Peroxide, Superoxol, Wasserstoffperoxid

 Molecular Formula: H2-O2  Molecular Weight: 34.01

B. NFPA Classification

C. Hazardous property  OXIDIZERS o These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire o Following product recovery, flush area with water

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

D. Storage Condition  Store in original closed container. Be sure that container vent is working Do not add any other product to containers. When empty, rinse thoroughly with clean water.  Storage tanks should be constructed of high-purity aluminium alloy. Undesirable contamininants must not become imbedded in the aluminium surface, and extreme care should be taken to ensure proper welding techniques. Hydrogen peroxide should be stored only in original containers or in containers of compatible materials which have been properly designed and thoroughly passivated.  Storage: in small packages, soln of h2o2 are always kept in tight, light-resistant bottles & preferably not above 35 deg C. High concn of h2o2 are best preserved in plastic (polyethylene) containers, equipped with a pressure release valve in the stopper, to minimize explosion due to decomposition.  Storage Temperature: Ambient; Venting: Safety relief or pressure-vacuum.  Once removed from the original container, the hydrogen peroxide must not be returned to it. Storage containers should be properly vented and kept away from direct heat and sun and combustible materials.

E. Health Effects  IDLH: 75 PPM  TLV: 8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 1 ppm  OSHA STANDARD: Permissible Exposure Limit: 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 1 ppm (1.4 mg/cu m).

F. HEALTH Effects 0.1.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE  0.1.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) USES: Hydrogen peroxide is a colorless, odorless liquid at room temperature, with a bitter taste. It is found in many household products at low concentrations (3% to 5%) for medicinal applications as skin disinfectant and antiseptic, and as a clothes and hair bleach. In industry, hydrogen peroxide in higher concentrations (10% to 35%) is used as bleach for textiles and paper, as a component of rocket fuels, and for producing foam rubber and organic chemicals (up to 70% concentration). o B) PHARMACOLOGY: Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidizing agent. The strength of the oxidizing reaction is determined by the concentration. o C) TOXICOLOGY: The primary effect is tissue injury due to oxidation of proteins. Hydrogen peroxide can be toxic if ingested, inhaled, or contacts the skin or eyes. Occasionally, the release of oxygen may cause distension, gastric or intestinal perforation, as well as venous or arterial gas embolization. One mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide produces 10 mL of oxygen at standard temperature and pressure, while 60 mL of 35% of hydrogen peroxide solution has the potential to produce 6.1 L of oxygen. o D) EPIDEMIOLOGY: Ingestions are relatively common, but serious toxicity is rare with ingestion of household products. o E) WITH THERAPEUTIC USE . 1) Hydrogen peroxide may cause burning when applied to wounds as a disinfectant. o F) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY: The severity of injury depends on the concentration and amount of the ingested hydrogen peroxide. Ingestion of dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide may result in vomiting, mild gastrointestinal (GI) irritation, gastric distension, and, on rare occasions, gastrointestinal erosions or gas embolism. Inhalation and ocular exposure of household strength hydrogen peroxide (3%) can cause respiratory irritation and mild ocular irritation, respectively. . 2) SEVERE TOXICITY: Severe toxicity generally only occurs with ingestion of higher (greater than 10%) concentration products. Ingestions may cause caustic injuries to the gastrointestinal tract, ranging from gastric erosion to

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

perforation. Systemic gas embolization can involve any organ, resulting in seizure, cerebral infarction, cerebral edema, spinal cord infarction, acute myocardial infarction, hypotension, cardiac arrest, and death. Eye exposure to high concentrations can cause corneal ulceration and perforation. 0.1.3 VITAL SIGNS  0.1.3.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Hypotension and apnea have been reported with severe poisonings. 0.1.4 HEENT  0.1.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH THERAPEUTIC USE . 1) Dental whitening (bleaching) agents may cause demineralization of tooth enamel if solutions with high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide are used. There is a lack of strong evidence to support risk of oral cancer through tumor- promoting activity, even for those already at risk (smokers and alcohol drinkers). . 2) Ocular exposure to industrial strength hydrogen peroxide solutions (greater than 10%) may result in ulceration or perforation of the cornea. o B) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Eye exposure to 3% hydrogen peroxide (household strength) may result in immediate pain and irritation; however, severe eye injury is rare. . 2) Ocular exposure to industrial strength hydrogen peroxide solutions (greater than 10%) may result in ulceration or perforation of the cornea. 0.1.5 CARDIOVASCULAR  0.1.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH THERAPEUTIC USE . 1) Systemic embolization has occurred when used for irrigation of surgical wounds resulting in ECG changes and, rarely, cardiac arrest and death. Risk increases when used under high pressure, in closed tissue spaces and a highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution is applied. o B) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Ingestion of 35% hydrogen peroxide has resulted in oxygen embolization in the portal venous system and heart, causing ischemic ECG changes indicative of myocardial ischemia and death. . 2) There are rare reports of air embolism with ingestion of 3% hydrogen peroxide. 0.1.6 RESPIRATORY  0.1.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Inhalation of vapors from concentrated (greater than 10%) solutions may result in severe pulmonary irritation. Acute lung injury and respiratory arrest have also been reported following massive exposures. 0.1.7 NEUROLOGIC  0.1.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Cerebral edema, cerebral gas embolism, cerebral infarction, and seizures have been reported following ingestion of concentrated (35%) solutions. Paraplegia and death have been reported as a result of embolic cerebrovascular injury. 0.1.8 GASTROINTESTINAL  0.1.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Serious GI complications have resulted from the ingestion of concentrated solutions and enemas with dilute peroxide solutions.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

. 2) DILUTE: Exposure to dilute (3%) solutions may result in spontaneous vomiting, mild irritation to mucosal tissue, burns in the mouth, throat, esophagus, and stomach, hemorrhagic gastritis, colitis, enteritis, and tenesmus. Gastric ulcer has been reported in a young child exposed to a small amount of hydrogen peroxide 3%. . 3) Gastric distention and rupture of the colon secondary to liberation of oxygen may occur but is rare, especially following unintentional ingestion of household solutions. . 4) CONCENTRATED: Exposure to concentrated (greater than 10%) solutions may cause extreme irritation and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to hemorrhagic gastritis, burns in the mouth, throat, esophagus, and stomach, ulcerating colitis, intestinal gangrene, gas embolization, and death. 0.1.14 DERMATOLOGIC  0.1.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Dermal exposure to dilute (3%) solutions generally results in a bleaching of the affected area in association with a tingling sensation and lasts 2 to 3 hours, if washed promptly after contact. . 2) Dermal exposure to concentrated solutions has resulted in burns and gangrene. 0.1.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS  A) At the time of this review, no reproductive studies were found for hydrogen peroxide in humans. Hydrogen peroxide was not embryotoxic or teratogenic in a single study in rats and mice (when tested in hair dyes). It was weakly embryotoxic and teratogenic to chick embryos exposed in an air chamber. The implications of the latter study for human occupational exposure are unclear. 0.1.21 CARCINOGENICITY  0.1.21.1 IARC CATEGORY o A) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7722-84-1 (IARC, 2004): . 1) IARC Classification . a) Listed as: Hydrogen peroxide . b) Carcinogen Rating: 3 . 1) The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category.  0.1.21.2 HUMAN OVERVIEW o A) A study of hairdressers found an increased incidence of leukemias, but this conclusion was based on a fairly small number, has not been independently confirmed, and the increased prevalence of leukemia could not be attributed to hydrogen peroxide because of chronic exposures to multiple substances with carcinogenic potential. o B) There is lack of strong evidence to support that hydrogen peroxide containing tooth whitening products have a tumor-promotion risk.  0.1.21.3 ANIMAL OVERVIEW o A) Hydrogen peroxide 30% and 90% were found to induce gastrointestinal tumors and were given a rating of Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria in mouse studies. 0.2.23 OTHER  0.1.23.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE 58

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

o A) WITH THERAPEUTIC USE . 1) Sepsis, colitis, and death may develop as complication resulting from use of H2O2 enema. . 2) Following ingestion or instillation into a body cavity, gas may develop within the body cavity and may progress to gas embolism. o B) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Following ingestion or instillation into a body cavity, gas may develop within the body cavity and may result in gas embolism.

G. Laboratory Test  No routine laboratory tests are needed when a small amount of 3% hydrogen peroxide is ingested.  After a high-volume or high-concentration ingestion, patients should be evaluated for caustic injury and for oxygen embolism.  Patients with any symptoms of oral or gastrointestinal tract injury should undergo endoscopy.  Any patient with symptoms of cerebral oxygen embolism should have a head CT.  Echocardiography or chest CT with contrast may demonstrate oxygen in the right ventricle.  Abdominal and upright chest radiograph may reveal radiolucent gas in the gastrointestinal tract, right ventricle, mediastinum, or the portal venous system.  An ECG and continuous cardiac monitoring may reveal signs of gas embolization. Desaturation on pulse oximetry, hemodynamic instability, and neurologic deficit may be indicative of gas embolus, and at that time an arterial blood gas would be indicated.

H. Treatment Overview 0.1.1 ORAL EXPOSURE  A) MANAGEMENT OF MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY o 1) Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Water can be administered to dilute the solution in the case of ingestion. Gastric distention may be relieved by insertion of a nasogastric tube and suction. A careful examination should be done to detect any gas formation. Ocular exposure to 3% solution usually requires only thorough irrigation.  B) MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE TOXICITY o 1) Upper airway injury may require intubation. Patients may require resuscitation for burns. Endoscopy should be performed to assess gastrointestinal tract injury if the patient is symptomatic or if higher concentration ingestion is suspected. Obtain surgical consult for patients with evidence of gastrointestinal tract perforation. If the patient has significant symptoms of oxygen embolism (such as CNS effects), place the patient in Trendelenburg position and consider treatment with hyperbaric oxygen. Treat seizures with IV benzodiazepines or barbiturates. Ocular exposure to high concentrations warrants slit lamp examination and ophthalmologic consultation.  C) DECONTAMINATION o 1) PREHOSPITAL: Do not induce vomiting or administer activated charcoal. Irrigate any dermal or ocular exposures with large volumes of water. o 2) HOSPITAL: Because hydrogen peroxide causes tissue injury rather than systemic toxicity, there is no role for activated charcoal. Insertion of a nasogastric tube to remove gastric contents and to decompress the stomach may be attempted following large ingestions.  D) AIRWAY MANAGEMENT o 1) Endotracheal intubation should be considered early for patients who have symptoms of upper airway obstruction.  E) ANTIDOTE o 1) None.  F) ENHANCED ELIMINATION o 1) Hemoperfusion, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis are not effective and not recommended.  G) PATIENT DISPOSITION

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

o 1) OBSERVATION CRITERIA: Most patients who have inadvertently ingested 3% hydrogen peroxide can be observed safely at home if not symptomatic. o 2) ADMISSION CRITERIA: Patients who may have ingested a large amount of lower concentration solution, or any amount of high concentration solution, or who are symptomatic should be evaluated with endoscopy and treated for significant gastrointestinal burns. Patients with evidence of oxygen emboli should be admitted to an intensive care setting. o 3) CONSULT CRITERIA: Consult a Poison Center for assistance in managing patients with severe toxicity or in whom the diagnosis is unclear. Obtain surgical consult as needed for patients with evidence of gastrointestinal tract perforation.  H) PITFALLS o 1) Failure to recognize that oxygen embolism may cause symptoms in many organ systems.  I) PHARMACOKINETICS o 1) Hydrogen peroxide is absorbed rapidly by the gastrointestinal tract.  J) DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS o 1) Caustic injury may occur from ingestion of acid or alkaline products. 0.1.2 INHALATION EXPOSURE  A) Monitor for respiratory tract irritation and hypoxia after severe inhalation exposure. 0.1.3 EYE EXPOSURE  A) DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility.  B) Ocular exposure to HOUSEHOLD STRENGTH (3%) solutions usually requires little more than thorough irrigation, since serious complications are rare. However, ocular exposure to INDUSTRIAL STRENGTH (greater than 10%) solutions not only requires thorough irrigation, but given the possibility of corneal ulceration or perforation, evaluation in a healthcare facility is recommended. 0.1.4 DERMAL EXPOSURE  A) OVERVIEW o 1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists.

I. EMERGENCY ACTION GUIDELINES:  Fire Fighting Procedure: o Fires caused by the compound are best controlled by large amounts of water. Chemical extinguishers should be used as they hasten decomposition of the peroxide. Fire fighters should wear goggles and self contained breathing apparatus. o Water for fires resulting from spillage. o If material involved in fire: use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. o Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius. o In case of fire, water should be applied by the sprinkler system or by hose from a safe distance, preferably with a fog nozzle. Foam may be necessary instead if the peroxide is diluted in a low density flammable solvent. Portable extinguishers should not be used except for very small fires. Peroxides threatened by fire should be wetted from a safe distance for cooling.

 Protective Equipment & Clothing: o Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. o Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

o Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. o Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] o Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 10 ppm. Respirator Class (es): Any supplied-air respirator. May require eye protection. o Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 25 ppm. Respirator Class (es): Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode. May require eye protection. o Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 50 ppm. Respirator Class (es): Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece. o Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 75 ppm. Respirator Class (es): Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure- demand or other positive-pressure mode. o Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concn or IDLH conditions: Respirator Class (es): Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece and operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self- contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. o Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Escape from suddenly occurring respiratory hazards: Respirator Class (es): Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted canister providing protection against the compound of concern. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus. o Protective garments, both outer and inner, made of a woven polyester fabric or of modacrylic or polyvinylidene fabrics; impermeable apron made of polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene film; neoprene gloves and boots; goggles. o Persons handling peroxides should use safety glasses with side shields, goggles or face shield for eye protection. Emergency eyewash facilities should be provided. Gloves, aprons and other protective clothing as necessary should be used to prevent skin contact. Clothing and equipment that generate static electricity should be avoided. Smoking should be prohibited.  Cleanup Method: o Dilute and drain into the sewer with abundant water.  Disposal Method: o SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. o Wear butyl rubber gloves, eye protection, and laboratory coat. A body shield should be available. In the fume hood, prepare, a dilute solution (5%) of peroxide by cautiously adding to a large volume of water. Gradually, with stirring, add to a 50% excess of aqueous sodium metabisulfite in a round bottom flask equipped with a thermometer. An increase in temperature indicates that the reaction is taking place. Acidify the

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

reaction if it does not proceed spontaneously. Neutralize the reaction mixture and wash down the drain with at least 50 times its volume of water. o Dilute and drain with abundant water. Recommended method: Discharge to sewer. Recommendable method: Discharge to sewer. Not recommendable methods: Evaporation & oxidation. Peer-review: Extreme caution - potentially explosive. Strong oxidizing agent. Handle in new glass or polished clean aluminum. Avoid inhalation. Highly unstable material. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

 ERPG GUIDE: Please refer Emergency Response Guide No. 140 & 143 enclosed in Annexure- RA-I. 3.6 Hydroquinon: A. General Details  Synonyms: BENZENE, P-DIHYDROXY-, 1,4-BENZENEDIOL, BENZOHYDROQUINONE, BENZOQUINOL, 1,4-BENZOQUINOL, DIHYDROQUINONE, DIHYDROXYBENZENE, 1,4-DIHYDROXYBENZENE, ELDOPAQUE, ELDOQUIN, HYDROQUINOL, HYDROQUINOLE, HYDROQUINONE, 4-HYDROXYPHENOL, P-BENZENEDIOL, P-DIHYDROQUINONE, P-DIHYDROXYBENZENE, P-DIOXOBENZENE, P- DIOXYBENZENE, P-HYDROQUINONE, P-HYDROXYPHENOL, P-PHENYLENEDIOL, P-QUINOL, PARA- DIHYDROXYBENZENE, PARA-DIOXYBENZENE, PARA-HYDROQUINONE, PHIAQUIN, PYROGENTISIC ACID, QUINNONE, QUINOL.

 Molecular Formula: C6H6O2  Molecular Weight: 110.11

B. NFPA Classification Health: Can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury. Flammability: 0 Will not burn under typical fire conditions. Instability: 2 Normally stable, even under fire conditions.

C. Hazardous Property  Light colored crystals or solutions. May irritate the skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Mildly toxic by ingestion or skin absorption. D. Storage Condition  Keep in cool, dry, area, away from Strong Oxidisers. Keep the containers tightly closed and protect from light. E. Exposure Limits:  IDLH: 50 mg/m3  TLV: 2 mg/m3  OSHA Standard: F. Health Effects  This material is very toxic; the probable oral lethal dose for humans is 50-500 mg/kg, or between 1 teaspoon and 1 ounce for a 150 lb. person. It is irritating but not corrosive. Fatal human doses have ranged from 5-12 grams, but 300-500 mg have been ingested daily for 3-5 months without ill effects. Death is apparently initiated by respiratory failure or anoxia. G. Laboratory Test

H. Treatment Overview

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

I. EMERGENCY ACTION GUIDELINES:  Fire Fighting Procedure: o Wear self-contained (positive pressure if available) breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. o For small fires use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or foam. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk. This compound is a slight fire or explosion hazard.  Protective Equipment & Clothing: o Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. o Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. o Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. o Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. o Change: Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premise. o Provide: Eyewash fountains should be provided (when concentration is >7%) in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.  Cleanup Method:

 Disposal Method: o Seal all the waste in vapour tight plastic bags for eventual disposal  ERPG GUIDE.: Please refer Emergency Response Guide No. 137 enclosed in Annexure-RA-I.

3.7 IPA (ISO PROPYL ALCOHOL): A. General Details  Synonyms: Avantine, Dimethylcarbinol, i-Propyl alcohol, Imsol A, IPA, Isohol, Isopropyl Alcohol, Lutosol, n-Propan-2-ol, Petrohol, PRO, Propan-2-ol, sec-Propyl Alcohol, Secondary Propyl Alcohol  Molecular Formula: C3-H8-O  Molecular Weight: 60.10

C. Hazardous Property  FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious) o HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Easily ignited by heat, sparks, flames o CAUTION: Very low flash point; use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient 63

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

o Do not use straight streams

D. Storage Condition  Storage Temperature – Ambient in isolated storage of flammable liquids

E. Exposure Limits  IDLH:2000 ppm  TLV: 8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 200 ppm; Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 400 ppm  OSHA Standard: o Permissible Exposure Limit: 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 400 ppm (980 mg/cu m). o Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 400 ppm (980 mg/cu m); STEL 500 ppm (1225 mg/cu m) is still enforced in some states

F. Health Effects 0.1.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE  0.1.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) USES: Primarily used as a topical antiseptic. Typical household preparations contain 70% isopropanol. Also used as a solvent in many household, cosmetic, and topical pharmaceutical products. Isopropanol baths are occasionally used in some cultural practices to relieve fevers. o B) TOXICOLOGY: CNS depressant and gastrointestinal (GI) irritant; acetone (metabolite) likely contributes to CNS depression. o C) EPIDEMIOLOGY: The most common toxic alcohol exposure reported to poison centers in the United States. Cases occur in the thousands, but toxicity is rarely severe. o D) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY: May include CNS depression, dysarthria, ataxia, nystagmus, similar to ethanol intoxication, nausea/vomiting, flushing, headache, tachycardia, mild hyperglycemia, ketonuria, and ketonemia WITHOUT metabolic acidosis. . 2) SEVERE TOXICITY: May include hemorrhagic gastritis, hypotension, respiratory depression, and coma. Death is rare and likely secondary to respiratory depression and aspiration. . 3) EYE EXPOSURE: Splash or vapor exposure causes irritation. . 4) DERMAL EXPOSURE: Repeated dermal application can cause systemic toxicity (primarily CNS depression), especially in infants and young children, because of more extensive dermal absorption and greater surface area-to-volume ratios. . 5) PARENTERAL EXPOSURE: CNS and respiratory depression are possible; hemolysis has developed in 1 patient. 0.1.2 VITAL SIGNS  0.1.2.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Ingestion, dermal absorption, or inhalation commonly cause tachycardia. Hypothermia, bradycardia, and hypotension may occur with severe poisoning. 0.1.3 HEENT  0.1.3.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Eye discomfort without significant injury occurs with brief vapor or splash exposure (70% solution). o B) Temporary changes in the corneal epithelium may develop after prolonged vapor exposure. Moderate irritation has been produced in animal eye tests. 64

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

0.1.4 CARDIOVASCULAR  0.1.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Tachycardia is common. Hypotension and bradycardia may occur in severe poisonings. 0.1.5 RESPIRATORY  0.1.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Respiratory depression and failure can occur in cases of severe poisoning from inhalation, ingestion, or parenteral exposure. Tracheobronchitis may occur. 0.1.6 NEUROLOGIC  0.1.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) CNS depression is common, ranging from disorientation and lethargy to coma. Dysarthria, ataxia, and nystagmus may develop. Diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes are common. Seizures and increased CSF protein levels are rare effects. 0.1.7 GASTROINTESTINAL  0.1.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Vomiting and gastritis may occur. Hemorrhagic gastritis and associated anemia may be present. 0.1.8 GENITOURINARY  0.1.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Acute renal tubular necrosis has been reported in patients with hypotension or rhabdomyolysis. Myoglobinuria has been reported. 0.1.9 ACID-BASE  0.1.9.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Ketosis and ketonuria are common. Significant metabolic acidosis is rare. 0.1.10 HEMATOLOGIC  0.1.10.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Hemolysis may occur after exposure. 0.1.11 DERMATOLOGIC  0.1.11.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Dermal irritation and burns may develop from chronic use or prolonged contact. Systemic absorption may occur following dermal application, particularly in infants. 0.1.12 MUSCULOSKELETAL  0.1.12.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Rhabdomyolysis may occur following exposure. 0.1.13 ENDOCRINE  0.1.13.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Mild hyperglycemia is often reported in adults. Children may be at greater risk for developing hypoglycemia. 0.1.14 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS  A) At the time of this review, no reproductive studies were found for isopropanol in humans. 0.1.15 CARCINOGENICITY  0.1.15.1 IARC CATEGORY o A) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS67-63-0 (IARC, 2004): . 1) IARC Classification . a) Listed as: Isopropanol . b) Carcinogen Rating: 3 . 1) The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is 65

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category. . 2) IARC Classification . a) Listed as: Isopropanol manufacture (strong-acid process) . b) Carcinogen Rating: 1 . 1) The agent (mixture) is carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are carcinogenic to humans. This category is used when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Exceptionally, an agent (mixture) may be placed in this category when evidence of carcinogenicity in humans is less than sufficient but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong evidence in exposed humans that the agent (mixture) acts through a relevant mechanism of carcinogenicity.  0.1.15.2 HUMAN OVERVIEW o A) Isopropanol is not regarded as a human carcinogen at the present time. o B) Some studies reported an increased incidence of paranasal, laryngeal, and pharynx cancers, but this was felt to be related to other chemicals used in the manufacture of isopropanol using the strong acid method.  0.1.15.3 ANIMAL OVERVIEW o A) Isopropyl alcohol has not been carcinogenic in experimental animals. A slight increase in interstitial testicular cell adenomas following inhalation exposure has been seen. 0.1.16 GENOTOXICITY  A) Isopropanol has not been genotoxic in a variety of short-term tests.

G. Laboratory Test  Monitor vital signs and mental status.  Obtain a metabolic panel, serum isopropyl alcohol and acetone concentrations. Ketonemia and ketonuria may present within 1 to 3 hours of ingestion, but acidosis is NOT expected. Isopropanol elevates measured serum osmolality.  Monitor for evidence of hemorrhagic gastritis (hemoccult stools, gastroccult emesis, hematocrit)

H. Treatment Overview 0.1.1 ORAL EXPOSURE  A) MANAGEMENT OF MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY o 1) Supportive care. There is no indication for activated charcoal or other GI decontamination.  B) MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE TOXICITY o 1) Critically ill patients will need emergent management of airway, breathing, and circulation. CNS depression may require intubation, and alcohol-induced vasodilation and vomiting may lead to hypotension requiring fluid resuscitation, and rarely vasopressors.  C) DECONTAMINATION o 1) PREHOSPITAL: Do not administer prehospital ipecac or activated charcoal, because of limited utility and the risk of aspiration if CNS depression develops. Irrigate exposed 66

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

eyes with water. Wash exposed skin with soap and water and remove contaminated clothing. o 2) HOSPITAL: Activated charcoal and gastric lavage are not indicated. Consider simple nasogastric tube aspiration for large, recent ingestions if the airway is protected.  D) AIRWAY MANAGEMENT o 1) May be necessary after large ingestions if the patient's mental status is so depressed they cannot protect their airway.  E) ANTIDOTE o 1) No specific antidote is available.  F) ENHANCED ELIMINATION o 1) Hemodialysis could be considered in extreme cases; however, most patients should improve with supportive care. Dialysis should be considered when levels are extremely high (eg, greater than 500 to 600 mg/dL) or if hypotension does not respond to fluids and vasopressors.  G) PATIENT DISPOSITION o 1) HOME CRITERIA: Asymptomatic children (other than mild drowsiness) with an acute inadvertent ingestion may be monitored at home. Children younger than 6 years old who have ingested 30 mL or greater are more likely to become symptomatic and should be referred for evaluation and treatment. o 2) OBSERVATION CRITERIA: Patients with deliberate ingestions or any patient who manifests symptoms should be sent to a health care facility for observation until symptoms resolve. o 3) ADMISSION CRITERIA: Patients with significant persistent CNS toxicity (somnolence, intoxication, coma), hypotension or severe hemorrhagic gastritis should be admitted to an intensive care setting. o 4) CONSULT CRITERIA: Consult the poison center or medical toxicologist for assistance in managing patients with severe toxicity (eg, coma) or in whom the diagnosis is not clear.  H) PITFALLS o 1) Missing an ingestion of another toxic alcohol (eg, ethylene glycol, methanol) or other possible etiologies for a patient's symptoms. In cases of hemorrhagic gastritis, it is imperative the patient's hemoglobin is stable.  I) PHARMACOKINETICS o 1) Isopropanol is well absorbed by the body and quickly distributes into body fluids (volume of distribution 0.6 L/kg). It is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase to acetone (half-life of 2.5 to 3 hours).  J) DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS o 1) CNS DEPRESSION: Other toxic alcohols, benzodiazepines, opiates/opiods, antipsychotic medications o 2) KETOSIS: Ethanol (alcoholic ketoacidosis), diabetic ketoacidosis, starvation ketosis o 3) GASTRITIS: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, heavy metals 0.1.2 INHALATION EXPOSURE  A) Supportive care. 0.1.3 EYE EXPOSURE  A) Irrigate with water or normal saline, slit lamp examination if irritation persists. 0.1.4 DERMAL EXPOSURE  A) OVERVIEW

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

o 1) Wash exposed skin with soap and water and remove contaminated clothing. Supportive care

I. EMERGENCY ACTION GUIDELINES:  Fire Fighting Procedure: o Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. o Solid streams of water may be ineffective. o Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. o Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

 Protective Equipment & Clothing: o Wear safety glasses, rubber gloves, a face shield, coveralls ... . o The following materials are acceptable: neoprene, PVC, paracril/PVC, chlorinated polyethylene, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitrile, vitron. Unacceptable: PVA. Conditionally acceptable: polyurethane. Note: This ... is ... a guide only. The user is advised to contact the protective clothing manufacturer regarding the specific applicability & limitations of a material under proposed conditions of use. o Wear appropriate chemical protective ... boots and goggles. o Breakthrough times greater than one hour reported by (normally) two or more testers for neoprene and nitrile rubber. Some data (usually from immersion tests) suggesting breakthrough times greater than one hour are not likely for natural rubber. No data for butyl rubber, neoprene/styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber/polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polyvrethane, polyvinyl alcohol, and viton. Some data suggesting breakthrough times of approximated an hour or more for polyvinyl chloride. o Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. o Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. o Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 2000 ppm. Respirator Class(es): Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode. Eye protection needed. Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s). Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin- style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s). Eye protection needed. Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece. o Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concn or IDLH conditions: Respirator Class(es): Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. o Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Escape from suddenly occurring respiratory hazards: Respirator Class(es): Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

 Cleanup Method: o If isopropyl alcohol is spilled or leaked ... 1. Remove all ignition sources. 2. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3. For small quantities absorb on paper towels. o Evaporate in a safe place (such as a fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork. o Burn paper in suitable location away from combustible materials. o Large quantities can be collected & atomized in suitable combustion chamber.

 ERPG GUIDE.: Please refer Emergency Response Guide No. 129 enclosed in Annexure-RA-I.

3.8 PHENOL: A. General Details  Synonyms: Benzenol, carbolic acid, hydroxybenzene, izal, monohydroxybenzene, monophenol, oxybenzene, phenic acid, phenyl alcohol, phenyl hydrate, phenyl hydroxide, phenylic acid, phenylic alcohol

 Molecular Formula: C6-H6-O  Molecular Weight: 94.11

Flammability: 2 (Moderate) This degree includes materials that must be moderately heated before ignition will occur and includes Class II and IIIA combustible liquids and solids and semi-solids that readily give off ignitable vapors. Water spray may be used to extinguish fires in these materials because the materials can be cooled below their flash points.

Instability: 0 (Minimal) This degree includes materials that are normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and that do not react with water. Normal fire fighting procedures may be used. C. Hazardous property  SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible) o TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

D. Storage Condition  Phenol should be stored in closed containers in an area which is adequate to ensure that airborne phenol concentrations do not exceed 20 mg/cu m. Conditions shall be controlled to prevent overheating and the buildup of pressure in phenol containers. Storage tanks must be electrically grounded and bonded to transfer lines. Transfer and storage systems shall be designed and operated to prevent blockage by condensed phenol. Open flames are prohibited when drums of phenol are heated to melt the contents. The internal pressure will be vented by placing the drums with the bung up and the bung loosened. The bungs shall be tightened prior to moving or handling drums. Drums, carboys, or other containers of phenol shall be closed while being handled or moved. Transfer from such containers shall be done carefully to avoid splashes, spills, or other possible circumstances by which an employee may come in contact with phenol. Bulk storage facilities shall be designed and constructed to contain any leaks or spills.  Keep well closed and protected from light.  Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from oxidizers and acute fire hazards.  Storage tanks should be equipped with heating coils which pass upward through the entire vessel Tanks may be constructed by either welding or riveting Underground tanks are not recommended.  Phenolic resins, PVC, neoprene, saran, and polyethylene are generally unsuitable storage container materials for phenol.

E. Health Effects  IDLH: 250 PPM  TLV: 8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA) 5 ppm, skin  OSHA STANDARD: Permissible Exposure Limit: 8-hr Time-Weighted Avg: 5 ppm (19 mg/cu m). Skin Designation.

F. HEALTH Effects 0.1.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE  0.1.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Concentrated phenol is extremely corrosive and may cause oral, esophageal, and gastric burns following ingestion. Ocular or dermal contact may result in severe burns; skin absorption can cause systemic symptoms and death. Parenterally administered phenol caused respiratory distress, cardiovascular collapse, shock, ventricular tachycardia, and coma in an adult. o B) Systemic manifestations of toxicity may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspnea, tachypnea, pallor, profuse sweating, hypotension, dysrhythmias, acute lung injury, methemoglobinemia, hemolytic anemia, elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis, agitation, lethargy, seizures, and coma. Liver, lung, central nervous system and renal injury may also occur. o C) Phenol (carbolic acid) toxicity occurs most frequently following acute ingestion or chronic dermal application; however, systemic toxicity can also result from inhalation of vapor. Ingestion of as little as 1 gram may cause death. o D) Signs and symptoms of chronic inhalation exposure may include headache, cough, weakness, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, nervousness, weight loss, paresthesia, ochronosis, and albuminuria.  0.1.1.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE o A) Chronic exposures have been reported to cause death from liver and kidney injuries. It may also affect the pancreas and heart muscle. o B) Other signs and symptoms of chronic exposures include: headache, vertigo, fainting, cough, fatigue, muscle aches and pain, lack of appetite, difficulty swallowing, excess salivation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, nervousness, weight loss, pallor, partial paralysis, ochronosis, albuminuria, and dark urine.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

o C) Phenol is not considered a serious respiratory hazard in the workplace because of its low volatility. o D) Skin the primary route of entry (for vapor, liquid, and solid forms of phenol). Skin absorption can occur even at low vapor concentration and without significant discomfort. Prolonged contact with the skin may cause dermatitis. 0.1.3 VITAL SIGNS  0.1.3.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Hypotension, hypothermia, tachypnea, and tachycardia may develop with severe toxicity. 0.1.4 HEENT  0.1.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Direct contact irritates eyes, nose and throat. Ingestion of a solution greater than 5% may result in oral burns. The affected area generally turns white and is without pain but may become necrotic several days (ie, coagulation necrosis). Eye exposure may result in severe burns. Partial or complete loss of vision may occur. 0.1.5 CARDIOVASCULAR  0.2.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Hypotension and tachycardia are commonly reported. Dysrhythmias have developed in patients following ingestion, while undergoing chemical face-peels with phenol, and after phenol injection. Cardiovascular collapse has occurred following injection of phenol. 0.1.6 RESPIRATORY  0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Tachypnea is commonly reported; acute lung injury and bronchospasm may also occur. Stridor has been reported from exposure to high concentrations of phenol. Respiratory arrest occurred 30 minutes post ingestion of 26.7 grams of phenol in one case. o B) Phenol is not considered a serious respiratory hazard in the workplace because of its low volatility. However, systemic absorption can damage lungs and lead to cardiorespiratory collapse. 0.1.7 NEUROLOGIC  0.1.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Initial CNS excitation, including seizures, is commonly followed by CNS depression ranging from lethargy to coma and death. 0.1.8 GASTROINTESTINAL  0.1.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Phenol is extremely corrosive and may cause oral and esophageal burns and abdominal pain following ingestion. . 1) Contamination of chlorinated water supplies with phenol may lead to the production of chlorinated phenols and subsequent gastrointestinal disorders. 0.1.9 HEPATIC  0.1.9.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Exposure may result in hepatic injury, which may result in death.  0.1.9.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE o A) Chronic exposures have been reported to cause death from liver damage. 0.1.10 GENITOURINARY  0.1.10.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Renal toxicity associated with oliguria or anuria may occur. Exposure has resulted in acute tubular necrosis. 0.1.11 ACID-BASE  0.1.11.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Metabolic acidosis may occur following ingestion. 0.1.13 HEMATOLOGIC  0.1.13.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

o A) Methemoglobinemia may occur following exposure to some phenols, most notably dinitrophenol or hydroquinone. Deep venous thrombosis was reported following intravenous injection of phenol. Hemolysis, thrombocytopenia and mild coagulopathy are reported. 0.1.14 DERMATOLOGIC  0.1.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Phenol is corrosive to the skin, but because of anesthetic qualities, it will numb rather than causing a burning pain on contact. Skin becomes red and swollen, then white and opaque (ie, coagulation necrosis). Deep burns result that may become gangrenous. o B) Poisoning is usually through skin absorption; lethal quantities can be absorbed. o C) Dermal contact with phenolic compounds may result in irritation, dermatitis, abnormal pigmentation, and burns. Dermatitis and depigmentation appear to be the most common adverse effects. Diaphoresis may develop with systemic toxicity.  0.1.14.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE o A) Dermatitis and leukoderma resulting from workplace contact with phenol or phenol containing products has been reported. 0.1.15 MUSCULOSKELETAL  0.2.15.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE o A) Chronic systemic absorption has caused blue or brown discoloration of the tendons over the knuckles of the hands. 0.1.16 ENDOCRINE  0.2.16.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) In experimental animal studies, resorcinol (ie, meta-hydroxyphenol) has been shown to be goitrogenic and to have antithyroid activity. 0.1.19 IMMUNOLOGIC  0.2.19.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Phenol has been shown to be potentially immunotoxic in experimental animal studies. 0.1.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS  A) A 27-year-old woman at 30 weeks of pregnancy unintentionally ingested 50 g of resorcinol, and developed unconsciousness, drowsiness, tonic-clonic seizures, hypothermia, and respiratory failure. Approximately 24 hours after delivery, the newborn was pronounced dead. Following supportive therapy, the mother was discharged home on day 15.  B) Fetotoxicity and skeletal abnormalities have been reported in animal experiments. 0.1.21 CARCINOGENICITY  0.1.21.1 IARC CATEGORY o A) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS108-95-2 (IARC, 2004): . 1) IARC Classification . a) Listed as: Phenol . b) Carcinogen Rating: 3 . 1) The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category.  0.1.21.2 HUMAN OVERVIEW o A) Although one study found a high risk of lung cancer among woodworkers exposed to phenol, subsequent studies have not demonstrated an increased risk of cancer. There is, however, a report of squamous cell cancer in situ related to creosote exposure.  0.1.21.3 ANIMAL OVERVIEW 72

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

o A) Phenol was not considered carcinogenic to rats or mice after oral exposure in drinking water. It was a promoter of skin cancer in mice. 0.1.22 GENOTOXICITY  A) Phenol has caused DNA damage, mutations, chromosomal aberrations, unscheduled DNA synthesis, DNA inhibition and micronuclei in experimental animals and cultured cells. 0.1.23 OTHER  0.1.23.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Facial peels with phenol have resulted in toxic shock syndrome.

G. Laboratory Test  Obtain CBC, electrolytes, urinalysis, and baseline renal and liver measurements. Monitor acid- base balance closely. Obtain an ECG, consider continuous cardiac monitoring. Obtain chest radiograph in cases of inhalation exposure or respiratory symptoms.

H. Treatment Overview 0.1.2 ORAL EXPOSURE  A) DILUTION - May enhance absorption of phenol, and should be avoided.  B) EMESIS: Ipecac-induced emesis is not recommended because of the potential for CNS depression and seizures.  C) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL - May limit systemic toxicity if administered soon after ingestion, but may interfere with endoscopic evaluation of gastrointestinal burns.  D) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.  E) SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine IV; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg, repeat every 10 to 15 min as needed. CHILD: 0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg, repeat every 5 min as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg; CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg). o 1) Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children > 5 years). o 2) Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, hypoxia.  F) MONITOR ECG, and kidney and liver function tests.  G) VENTRICULAR DYSRHYTHMIAS/SUMMARY: Institute continuous cardiac monitoring, obtain an ECG, and administer oxygen. Evaluate for hypoxia, acidosis, and electrolyte disorders. Lidocaine and amiodarone are generally first line agents for stable monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, particularly in patients with underlying impaired cardiac function. Amiodarone should be used with caution if a substance that prolongs the QT interval and/or causes torsades de pointes is involved in the overdose. Unstable rhythms require immediate cardioversion.  H) METHEMOGLOBINEMIA: Administer 1 to 2 mg/kg of 1% methylene blue slowly IV in symptomatic patients. Additional doses may be required.  I) HYPOTENSION: Infuse 10 to 20 mL/kg isotonic fluid. If hypotension persists, administer dopamine (5 to 20 mcg/kg/min) or norepinephrine (ADULT: begin infusion at 0.5 to 1 mcg/min; CHILD: begin infusion at 0.1 mcg/kg/min); titrate to desired response. 0.1.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE  A) INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids.  B) ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gas or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed. 0.1.4 EYE EXPOSURE

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

 A) DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. 0.1.5 DERMAL EXPOSURE A. A) OVERVIEW o 1) Remove phenol with undiluted polyethylene glycol 300 to 400 or isopropyl alcohol prior to washing, if readily available. Wash exposed areas twice or for at least 10 minutes with large quantities of SOAPY water. Water alone may be harmful. A physician may need to examine the exposed area if irritation or pain persist after the area is washed.

I. EMERGENCY ACTION GUIDELINES:  Fire Fighting Procedure: o If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run off-water out of sewers and water sources. o If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water as flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. o To fight fire, use alcohol foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical.

 Protective Equipment & Clothing: o When working with phenol, workers should be provided with and required to use protective clothing, gloves, face shields, splash -proof safty goggles and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin or eye contact with solid or liquid phenol or liquids containing phenol. o Cloropel, PVC (excellent resistance) or butyl rubber (good resistance) are recommended chemical suit materials for protection against phenol. o Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. o Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. o Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possbility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. o Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] o Respirator Recommendations: Up to 50 ppm: (Assigned protection factor = 10) Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a dust and mist filter/(Assigned protection factor = 10) Any supplied-air respirator. o Respirator Recommendations: Up to 125 ppm: (Assigned protection factor = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode/(Assigned protection factor = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a dust and mist filter. o Respirator Recommendations: Up to 250 ppm: (Assigned protection factor = 50) Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a high-efficiency particulate filter/(Assigned protection factor = 50) 74

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back- mounted organic vapor canister having a high-efficiency particulate filter/(Assigned protection factor = 50) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a high-efficiency particulate filter/(Assigned protection factor = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece/(Assigned protection factor = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece. o Respirator Recommendations: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: (Assigned protection factor = 10,000) Any self- contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure- demand or other positive-pressure mode/(Assigned protection factor = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive- pressure breathing apparatus. o Respirator Recommendations: Escape: (Assigned protection factor = 50) Any air- purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister having a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any appropriate escape- type, self-contained breathing apparatus.

 Cleanup Method: o Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal. Approach release from upwind. o Phenolic cmpd in wastewater are oxidized with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by Fe+3- Fe+2. When the wt ratio of PhOH:H2O2 is 1:3 and iron 5-100 ppm, more than 95% of the phenols are removed in 30 min from a 500 ppm phenol soln at pH 5-6 and 25-50 deg C. o Spills must be disposed of immediately by properly protected personnel; no other person should remain in the area. Flush with flooding quantities of water, then use caustic soda soln for neutralization. o Remove all ignition sources and evacuate the area. Ventliate the area. Cover spilled solid phenol with dry lime or soda ash. Contain molten phenol with sand or earth and allow solidification. Absorb a phenol solution in earth or sand. Remove to a safe place to hold it for disposal. Prevent molten phenol or a solution of phenol from entering sewers, water courses, or soil. Ensure personal protection.

 Disposal Method: o Incineration is the recommended method of disposal. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner or scrubber. o Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U188, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. o Waste liquor containing 50,000 ppm was adjusted to give effluent containing 1 ppm then treated with activated sludge to give final effluent containing 0.07 ppm, 10% of which was recycled to conditioning tank. o Chemical Treatability of Phenol; Concentration Process: Reverse Osmosis; Chemical Classification: Phenol; Scale of Study: Batch Flow; Type of Wastewater Used: Pure; Results of Study: -5.7% reduction w/CA membrane; 76.5% reduction w/C-PE1 membrane. o Chemical Treatability of Phenol; Concentration Process: Reverse Osmosis; Chemical Classification: Phenol; Scale of Study: Pilot scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Synthetic; Results of Study: In excess of 90% separation at pH 8-10 with optimum at pH 9 at flux rate of about 70 gpd/sq ft. Results indicate that hyperfiltration (reverse osmosis) produced higher reduction and flux rates than ultrafiltration. Increasing pressure

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

improves rejection with little effect on flux rate. Concentration had little effect on either rejection or flux rate. o Chemical Treatability of Phenol; Concentration Process: Biological Treatment; Chemical Classification: Phenol; Scale of Study: Pilot scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Ultrafiltration; Results of Study: Its maximum rejection was 75% at pH 10; rejection increased as pH increased. Ionic state of solute rather than membrane material controlled rejection rate. Increased temp resulted in increased flux rate but rejection rate was only slightly affected. Solute rejection was not affected by length of operation. o Chemical Treatability of Phenol; Concentration Process: Activated carbon; Chemical Classification: Phenol; Scale of Study: Batch Flow, Laboratory Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Pure; Results of Study: 100% reduction; 6% desorbed from carbon by elutriation with solvent. o Chemical Treatability of Phenol; Concentration Process: Activated Carbon; Chemical Classification: Phenol; Scale of Study: Isotherm test; Type of Wastewater Used: Pure; Results of Study: For pH= 3.0 Carbon capacity= 85 mg/g K= 12, 1/n= 0.38, r= 0.92; pt for pH= 7.0 Carbon capacity= 80 mg/g, K= 13, 1/n= 0.77, r= 0.91, For pH= 9.0 carbon capacity= 70 mg/g, K= 22, 1/n= 0.49, r= 0.94. o Chemical Treatability of Phenol; Concentration Process: Activated Carbon; Chemical Classification: Phenol; Scale of Study: Continuous flow, Pilot Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Hazardous material; Results of Study: 100% reduction with 8.5 min contact time. o A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 deg C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 deg C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. o The use of a microdispersion of air in water for in situ treatment of hazardous organic wastes was described. An air microdispersion consisting of 60 to 65% air bubbles, 25 to 50 microns in diameter, in water, referred to as colloidal gas aphrons, was tested for stability and its ability to biodegrade phenol. Seventy to 82% of the air incorporated into a colloidal gas aphrons using a nonionic detergent immediately adhered to a saturated coarse sand after sparging with a fork like probe. Thirty days later, 70 to 80% of initially retained colloidal gas aphrons were still retained in the saturated sand matrix as an air dispersion or as coalesced aphrons. In a biodegradation test, a combination of colloidal gas aphrons and Pseudomonas putida plus microbial nutrients injected into a saturated anaerobic sand matrix containing 300 mg/l phenol solution caused degradation of 60% of the phenol within 24 hr. A 33% colloidal gas aphrons blended with 0.3 g sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate when pumped into 310 g of sand saturated with 300 mg/l phenol caused 100% degradation of phenol after about 24 hr. In a phenol degradation/trough test, a 61% colloidal gas aphrons was injected into a soil bed containing 300 mg/l phenol at a flow rate of 250 ml/min with a slow plow of 75 sec per plow pass. Twenty passes were made at a 10 cm depth. The colloidal gas aphrons effectively treated 6.7 l of water causing a reduction in phenol concentration of 292 to 230 mg/l. Colloidal gas aphrons offers a unique way to introduce oxygen or ozone for treating dissolved, and possibly suspended, organic wastes in saturated impoundment sediments. o The most important method, equally applied by refineries and petrochemical plants, is the biodegradation of phenol (activated sludge basins, aeration ponds, trickling filters). With this a 65-99% degradation of phenol is attained. A further decrease (80-90%) of the phenol content is obtained by treatment with ozone or activated charcoal.

 ERPG GUIDE: Please refer Emergency Response Guide No.153 enclosed in Annexure-RA-I.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

3.9 Sodium Hydroxide: A. General Details  Synonyms: Caustic Soda, Soda Lye,Soda, caustic , Soda, hydrate ,Sodium Hydrate.  Molecular Formula: H-Na-O  Molecular Weight: 40.00

B. NFPA Classification Health: 3 (Serious) Materials that, on short exposure, could cause serious temporary or residual injury, including those requiring protection from all bodily contact. Fire fighters may enter the area only if they are protected from all contact with the material. Full protective clothing, including self-contained breathing apparatus, coat, pants, gloves, boots, and bands around legs, arms, and waist, should be provided. No skin surface should be exposed.

Flammability: 0 (Minimal) This degree includes any material that will not burn under typical fire conditions.

Instability: 1 (Slight) This degree includes materials that are normally stable, but that may become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures and materials that will react with water with some release of energy, but not violently. Fires involving these materials should be approached with caution.

C. Hazardous Property  SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible) o TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.

D. Storage Condition  Containers should be stored in rooms with trapped floor drains towards which floors should be slanted. Where floor drains are not provided, curbs or drained gutter, covered with Grill, should be constructed @ door openings.  Volumetric sodium hydroxide soln used in laboratory must be protected from air to avoid formation of carbonate.  Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from organic and oxidizing materials, acids, metal powders. Immediately remove and properly dispose of any spilled material.

E. Exposure Limits  IDLH: 10 mg/cu m  TLV: Ceiling Limit: 2 mg/cu m.  OSHA Standard: o Permissible Exposure Limit: 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 2 mg/cu m. o Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL Ceiling limit 2 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states.

F. Health Effects 0.1.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE  0.1.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) USES: Used as drain openers, household cleaners (oven, bathroom), hair relaxers, dishwasher soap, and in automobile air bags. In industry used as cleaners, in cement, and as chemical precursors. 77

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

o B) TOXICOLOGY: Alkaline corrosives cause liquefaction necrosis. They saponify the fats in the cell membrane, destroying the cell and allowing deep penetration into mucosal tissue. In gastrointestinal tissue an initial inflammatory phase may be followed by tissue necrosis (sometimes resulting in perforation), then granulation and finally stricture formation. o C) EPIDEMIOLOGY: Exposure is common. Serious effects are rare in the developed world (generally only seen in adults with deliberate ingestion), largely because mostly low concentration corrosives are present in products available in the home. Serious effects are more common in developing countries. o D) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) MILD TO MODERATE ORAL TOXICITY: Patients with mild ingestions may only develop irritation or grade I (superficial hyperemia and edema) burns of the oropharynx, esophagus or stomach; acute or chronic complications are unlikely. Patients with moderate toxicity may develop grade II burns (superficial blisters, erosions and ulcerations) are at risk for subsequent stricture formation, particularly esophageal. Some patients (particularly young children) may develop upper airway edema. . a) Alkaline corrosive ingestion may produce burns to the oropharynx, upper airway, esophagus and occasionally stomach. Spontaneous vomiting may occur. The absence of visible oral burns does NOT reliably exclude the presence of esophageal burns. The presence of stridor, vomiting, drooling, and abdominal pain are associated with serious esophageal injury in most cases. . b) PREDICTIVE: The grade of mucosal injury at endoscopy is the strongest predictive factor for the occurrence of systemic and GI complications and mortality. . 2) SEVERE ORAL TOXICITY: May develop deep burns and necrosis of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Complications often include perforation (esophageal, gastric, rarely duodenal), fistula formation (tracheoesophageal, aortoesophageal), and gastrointestinal bleeding. Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea and, rarely, fever may develop. Stricture formation (esophageal, less often oral or gastric) is likely to develop long term. Esophageal carcinoma is another long term complication. Upper airway edema is common and often life threatening. Severe toxicity is generally limited to deliberate ingestions in adults in the US, because alkaline products available in the home are generally of low concentration. . 3) INHALATION EXPOSURE: Mild exposure may cause cough and bronchospasm. Severe inhalation may cause upper airway edema and burns, stridor, and rarely acute lung injury. . 4) OCULAR EXPOSURE: Ocular exposure can produce severe conjunctival irritation and chemosis, corneal epithelial defects, limbal ischemia, permanent visual loss and in severe cases perforation. . 5) DERMAL EXPOSURE: Mild exposure causes irritation and partial thickness burns. Prolonged exposure or high concentration products can cause full thickness burns. 0.1.3 VITAL SIGNS  0.1.3.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Hypotension and tachycardia are not common acutely, but may develop in patients with severe gastrointestinal bleeding or extensive gastrointestinal necrosis after corrosive ingestion. 0.1.4 HEENT  0.2.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

. 1) Ingestion may result in burns to the lips, tongue, oral mucosa, and upper airway. . 2) Alkaline eye exposures produce distortion of cellular membranes, loss of corneal, conjunctival and lens epithelium and loss of endothelium of the cornea and blood vessels. 0.1.5 CARDIOVASCULAR  0.1.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Hypotension and tachycardia are uncommon but may occur with severe GI bleeding or necrosis after ingestion. 0.1.6 RESPIRATORY  0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Stridor, dyspnea, upper airway injury, and pulmonary edema, especially following inhalation of vaporized caustics, may occur. 0.1.8 GASTROINTESTINAL  0.1.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Burns of the esophagus and less commonly the stomach may occur after caustic ingestion; the absence of oral mucosal injury does NOT reliably exclude esophageal burns. Patients with stridor, drooling or vomiting are more likely to have esophageal burns. . 2) In general, burns of the esophagus are likely to be worse among patients following an intentional ingestion as compared to an accidental exposure. . 3) In severe cases gastrointestinal bleeding or perforated viscus with mediastinitis or peritonitis may develop. Delayed sequelae of burns include strictures, obstruction, fistula formation and esophageal carcinoma. . 4) Some studies have found outcomes for patients ingesting alkali to be more favorable than those ingesting acids with regard to mucosal injury, hospital stay, admittance to the ICU, systemic complications and mortality. However, there was no difference with regard to the development of strictures. Based on late sequelae outcomes, alkali and acid can both damage the esophagus and stomach with an equal degree of severity. 0.1.11 ACID-BASE  0.1.11.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Metabolic acidosis may develop in patients with severe burns or shock. 0.1.14 DERMATOLOGIC  0.1.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE . 1) Severe skin irritation and/or burns may occur.

G. Laboratory Test  Obtain a complete blood count in symptomatic patients following an alkaline corrosive ingestion.  In patients with signs and symptoms suggesting severe burns, perforation, or bleeding (or adults with deliberate, high volume or high concentration ingestions), obtain renal function tests, serum electrolytes, INR, PTT, type and crossmatch for blood, and monitor urine output. Serum lactate and base deficit may also be useful in these patients.  Monitor pulse oximetry or arterial blood gases in patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of upper airway edema or burns.  Obtain an upright chest x-ray in patients with signs and symptoms suggesting severe burns, perforation, or bleeding (or adults with deliberate, high volume or high concentration ingestions) to evaluate for pneumomediastinum or free air under the diaphragm. The absence of these

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

findings DOES NOT rule out the possibility of necrosis or perforation of the esophagus or stomach. Obtain a chest radiograph in patients with pulmonary signs or symptoms.  Several weeks after ingestion, barium contrast radiographs of the upper GI tract are useful in patients who sustained grade II or III burns, to evaluate for strictures.

H. Treatment Overview 0.1.2 ORAL EXPOSURE  A) MANAGEMENT OF MILD TO MODERATE ORAL TOXICITY o 1) Perform early (within 12 hours) endoscopy in patients with stridor, drooling, vomiting, significant oral burns, difficulty swallowing or abdominal pain, and in all patients with deliberate ingestion. If burns are absent or grade I severity, patient may be discharged when able to tolerate liquids and soft foods by mouth. If mild grade II burns, admit for intravenous fluids, slowly advance diet as tolerated. Perform barium swallow or repeat endoscopy several weeks after ingestion (sooner if difficulty swallowing) to evaluate for stricture formation.  B) SEVERE ORAL TOXICITY o 1) Resuscitate with 0.9% saline; blood products may be necessary. Early airway management in patients with upper airway edema or respiratory distress. Early (within 12 hours) gastrointestinal endoscopy to evaluate for burns. Early bronchoscopy in patients with respiratory distress or upper airway edema. Early surgical consultation for patients with severe grade II or grade III burns, large deliberate ingestions, or signs, symptoms or laboratory findings concerning for tissue necrosis or perforation.  C) DILUTION o 1) Dilute with 4 to 8 ounces of water may be useful if it can be performed shortly after ingestion in patients who are able to swallow, with no vomiting or respiratory distress; then the patient should be NPO until assessed for the need for endoscopy. Neutralization, activated charcoal, ipecac and gastric lavage are all contraindicated.  D) AIRWAY MANAGEMENT o 1) Aggressive airway management in patients with deliberate ingestions or any indication of upper airway injury.  E) ENDOSCOPY o 1) Should be performed as soon as possible (preferably within 12 hours, not more than 24 hours) in any patient with deliberate ingestion, adults with any signs or symptoms attributable to inadvertent ingestion, and in children with stridor, vomiting, or drooling after inadvertent ingestion. Endoscopy should also be considered in children with dysphagia or refusal to swallow, significant oral burns, or abdominal pain after unintentional ingestion. Children and adults who are asymptomatic after inadvertent ingestion do not require endoscopy. The grade of mucosal injury at endoscopy is the strongest predictive factor for the occurrence of systemic and GI complications and mortality. The absence of visible oral burns does NOT reliably exclude the presence of esophageal burns.  F) CORTICOSTEROIDS o 1) The use of corticosteroids to prevent stricture formation is controversial. Corticosteroids should not be used in patients with grade I or grade III injury, as there is no evidence that it is effective. Evidence for grade II burns is conflicting, and the risk of perforation and infection is increased with steroid use.  G) STRICTURE o 1) A barium swallow or repeat endoscopy should be performed several weeks after ingestion in any patient with grade II or III burns or with difficulty swallowing to evaluate for stricture formation. Recurrent dilation may be required. Some authors advocate early stent placement in these patients to prevent stricture formation.  H) SURGICAL MANAGEMENT o 1) Immediate surgical consultation should be obtained on any patient with grade III or severe grade II burns on endoscopy, significant abdominal pain, metabolic acidosis,

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

hypotension, coagulopathy, or a history of large ingestion. Early laparotomy can identify tissue necrosis and impending or unrecognized perforation, early resection and repair in these patients is associated with improved outcome.  I) PATIENT DISPOSITION o 1) OBSERVATION CRITERIA: Patients with alkaline corrosive ingestion should be sent to a health care facility for evaluation. Patients who remain asymptomatic over 4 to 6 hours of observation, and those with endoscopic evaluation that demonstrates no burns or only minor grade I burns and who can tolerate oral intake can be discharged home. o 2) ADMISSION CRITERIA: Symptomatic patients, and those with endoscopically demonstrated grade II or higher burns should be admitted. Patients with respiratory distress, grade III burns, acidosis, hemodynamic instability, gastrointestinal bleeding, or large ingestions should be admitted to an intensive care setting.  J) PITFALLS o 1) The absence of oral burns does NOT reliably exclude the possibility of significant esophageal burns. o 2) Patients may have severe tissue necrosis and impending perforation requiring early surgical intervention without having severe hypotension, rigid abdomen, or radiographic evidence of intraperitoneal air. o 3) Patients with any evidence of upper airway involvement require early airway management before airway edema progresses. o 4) The extent of eye injury (degree of corneal opacification and perilimbal whitening) may not be apparent for 48 to 72 hours after the burn. All patients with corrosive eye injury should be evaluated by an ophthalmologist.  K) DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS o 1) Acid ingestion, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, or perforated viscus. 0.1.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE  A) DECONTAMINATION o 1) Administer oxygen as necessary. Monitor for respiratory distress.  B) AIRWAY MANAGEMENT o 1) Manage airway aggressively in patients with significant respiratory distress, stridor or any evidence of upper airway edema. Monitor for hypoxia or respiratory distress.  C) BRONCHOSPASM o 1) Treat with oxygen, inhaled beta agonists and consider systemic corticosteroids. 0.1.4 EYE EXPOSURE  A) DECONTAMINATION o 1) Exposed eyes should be irrigated with copious amounts of 0.9% saline for at least 30 minutes, until pH is neutral and the cul de sacs are free of particulate material. o 2) An eye examination should always be performed, including slit lamp examination. Ophthalmologic consultation should be obtained. Antibiotics and mydriatics may be indicated. 0.1.5 DERMAL EXPOSURE  A) OVERVIEW o 1) DECONTAMINATION . a) Remove contaminated clothes and any particulate matter adherent to skin. Irrigate exposed skin with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes or longer, depending on concentration, amount and duration of exposure to the chemical. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persist.

I. EMERGENCY ACTION GUIDELINES:  Fire Fighting Procedure: o Use only flooding quantities of water as spray. DO NOT use halogenated extinguishing agents. Use carbon dioxide or suitable dry chemical extinguisher. o Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

 Protective Equipment & Clothing: o Hazards from spills and leaks should be minimized by an adequate supply of water for washing-down Adequate ventilation should be provided in areas where caustic soda mist or dust is present For the protection of the eyes, safety goggles should be worn, as well as face shields, if complete face protection is necessary. Eyewash fountains and safety showers must be available at any location where eye and/or skin contact can occur. Protection against mist or dust of this compound can be provided by filter or dust-type respiratory protective equipment Safety shoes are recommended. o Respirator selection: 100 mg/cu m: a) High-efficiency particulate respirator with a full facepiece, b) Supplied air respirator with a full facepiece, helmet, or hood. , c) Self- contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. 200 mg/cu m: a) Powered air- purifying respirator with a high-efficiency filter with a full facepiece, or b) Type C SA with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, helmet, or hood operated in continuous- flow mode. . Escape: a) Dust and mist respirator, except single-use respirators with full facepiece, or b) Self- contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. o Sodium hydroxide: Chemical protective clothing composed of natural rubber, neoprene, nitrile, or styrene/butadiene (SBR)-coated fabric is highly recommended, having break through times greater than one hour. Butyl rubber, neoprene and SBR, polyethylene, chlorinated polyurethane, or polyvinyl alcohol may be used but data suggests break through times of approximately an hour or more. o Sodium hydroxide, 30-70%: Chemical protective clothing composed of natural rubber, neoprene, nitrile, or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is highly recommended, having break through times greater than one hour. Butyl rubber, nitrile/PVC, polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene, or styrene/butadiene coated approximately an hour or more. Some data for polyvinyl alcohol (usually from immersion tests) suggest break through times greater than one hour are not likely. o Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. o Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. o Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. o Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] o Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 10 mg/cu m. Respirator Class(es): Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode. Eye protection needed. Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a dust and mist filter. Eye protection needed. Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece. o Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concn or IDLH conditions: Respirator Class(es): Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. o Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Escape from suddenly occurring respiratory hazards: Respirator Class(es): Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

a high-efficiency particulate filter. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.

 Cleanup Method: o On/in soil (solid): Construct barriers to convert or divert to impervious surface. Promptly shovel into steel containers. o Soil, Liquid: Absorb small amounts of spill with sand, vermiculite or other inert absorbant material; Shovel into steel containers. May also remove material with vacuum equipment. o Land spill of sodium hydroxide: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash of cement powder. Neutralize with vinegar or other dilute acid; Water spill: Neutralize with dilute acid or removable strong acid; Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. o Land spill of sodium hydroxide: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water; Water spill: Neutralize with dilute acid to remove strong acid. o Perlite and Cellosive WP3H (hydroxyethyl cellulose) have been tested and recommended for vapor suppression and/or containment of 50% sodium hydroxide solutions. o Keep water away from release. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Prompt cleanup and removal are necessary. Shovel into suitable dry container. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

 Disposal Method: o SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. o Following neutralization either at the spill site or at a waste management facility, the resultant sludge can be disposed of in a secure landfill. o Put into large vessel containing water. Neutralize with HCL /hydrochloric acid/. Discharge into the sewer with sufficient water. Recommendable methods: Neutralization & discharge to sewer. Peer review: Dilute greatly (< pH 9) before discharge. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

 ERPG GUIDE: Please refer Emergency Response Guide No. 154 enclosed in Annexure-RA-I.

3.10 SULFURIC ACID: A. General Details  Synonyms: Acid mist, Batteriesaure, Battery acid, BOV, Contact acid, Dihydrogen sulfate, Dipping acid, Electrolyte acid, Hydrogen sulfate, Hydroot, Matting acid, Nordhausen acid, Oil of Vitriol, Spirit of vitriol, Sulphuric acid, Vitriol brown oil

 Molecular Formula: H2-O4-S  Molecular Weight: 98.079

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

breathing apparatus, coat, pants, gloves, boots, and bands around legs, arms, and waist, should be provided. No skin surface should be exposed. Flammability: 0 (Minimal) This degree includes any material that will not burn under typical fire conditions. Instability: 2 (Moderate) Materials that can undergo violent chemical changes at elevated temperatures and pressures. This also includes materials that may react violently with water or that may form potentially explosive mixtures with water. In advanced or massive fires involving these materials, fire fighting should be done from a safe distance or from a protected location. Special: Water Reactive Unusual reactivity with water; do not use water in either fire fighting or spill control response.

C. Hazardous Property  SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible/Water-Sensitive o TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns, or death

D. Storage Condition  Storage tanks should be protected by breather vents of sufficient size for air to escape during filling.  Tanks should be fitted with overflow pipes leading to an adjacent container and located within bunds that will retain the total contents of the tank in the event of leakage or spillage; the bund should drain into an acid-resistant concrete sump.  Keep tightly closed  Smoking, open lights, flames, and spark-producing tools shall not be permitted near sulfuric acid carboys, drums, tank cars, or metal storage tanks because of the possible production of explosive mixtures of hydrogen during storage.  Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from combustibles, and other reactive materials. Separate from carbides, chlorates, fulminates, nitrates, picrates, and powdered metals.

E. Exposure Limits  IDLH: 15 mg/cu m  TLV: 8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.2 mg/cu m (thoracic fraction).  OSHA Standard: Permissible Exposure Limit: 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 1 mg/cu m.

F. Health Effects 0.1.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE  0.1.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Sulfuric acid is corrosive to the skin, eyes, nose, mucous membranes, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract, or any tissue with which it comes in contact. Milder exposures (generally to concentrations less than 10%) may only cause irritation of the tissues. o B) INHALATION - Respiratory effects of acute exposure include irritation of the nose and throat, coughing, sneezing, reflex bronchospasm, dyspnea, and pulmonary edema. Death may occur from sudden circulatory collapse, glottic edema and airway compromise, or from acute lung injury. o C) INGESTION - Ingestion may cause severe gastrointestinal burns. Burns are typically more severe in the stomach and proximal small intestine than they are in the esophagus. Delayed

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

gastrointestinal effects may include perforation, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, fistula formation, or delayed stricture. o D) DERMAL EXPOSURE - Severe dermal burns can occur with necrosis and scarring. These may be fatal if a large enough area of the body surface is affected. o E) EYE EXPOSURE - The eye is especially sensitive to corrosive injury. Irritation, lacrimation and conjunctivitis can develop even with low concentrations of sulfuric acid. Splash contact with high concentrations causes corneal burns, visual loss and occasionally perforation of the globe.  0.1.1.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE o A) Chronic exposure may be associated with changes in pulmonary function, chronic bronchitis, conjunctivitis, emphysema, frequent respiratory infections, gastritis, erosion of dental enamel, and possibly upper respiratory cancer. 0.1.2 VITAL SIGNS  0.1.2.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) As with any severe burn, exposure to strong mineral acids may produce circulatory collapse preceded by the development of cold, clammy skin, and a rapid, shallow pulse. Exposure to sulfuric acid mist or aerosolized liquid stimulates protective airway reflexes that result in tachypnea with shallow respirations. 0.1.3 HEENT  0.1.3.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Sulfuric acid dissolves readily in water making the eyes, especially sensitive to its corrosive effects. Sulfuric acid vapor or mist is a strong irritant and can cause lacrimation and conjunctivitis. Splash contact may cause corneal burns, visual loss and rarely perforation of the globe.  0.1.3.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE o A) Discoloration or erosion of teeth, rhinorrhea and frequent respiratory infections can occur from prolonged or chronic exposure to sulfuric acid. 0.1.4 CARDIOVASCULAR  0.1.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Sudden circulatory collapse can occur after gastric perforation or if large areas of the skin are denuded by partial to full thickness burns. Pain, hemorrhage, tissue necrosis, gastric perforation and peritonitis may also contribute to the development of shock. 0.1.5 RESPIRATORY  0.1.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Sulfuric acid mist is a severe irritant of the upper respiratory tract. Inhalation of sulfuric acid mist causes bronchoconstriction and a reflex increase in respiratory rate with diminution of depth of inspiration. This results in increased pulmonary air flow resistance. Tracheobronchial edema or acute lung injury can occur.  0.1.5.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE o A) Chronic exposure may be associated with chronic bronchitis, frequent respiratory infections, and emphysema. 0.1.6 GASTROINTESTINAL  0.1.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Ingestion of sulfuric acid may cause immediate epigastric pain, nausea, hypersalivation and vomiting of mucoid or "coffee ground" hemorrhagic material. Occasionally vomiting of fresh blood has been seen. Ingestion of concentrated sulfuric acid may produce esophageal corrosion, necrosis and perforation of the esophagus or stomach especially at the pylorus.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

Occasionally injury to the small bowel has been reported. Delayed complications may include strictures and fistula formation.  0.1.6.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE o A) Chronic exposure has been associated with digestive disturbances. 0.1.7 GENITOURINARY  0.1.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Patients who remain hypotensive for prolonged periods of time may develop oliguria and acute renal failure. 0.1.8 ACID-BASE  0.1.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Metabolic acidosis may develop following ingestion. 0.1.9 HEMATOLOGIC  0.1.9.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Leukocytosis is a common manifestation of the stress response after exposure to strong mineral acids. 0.1.10 DERMATOLOGIC  0.1.10.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Sulfuric acid is corrosive to the skin and dermal exposure to concentrated solutions causes varying degrees of burn. Exposure to dilute concentrations of sulfuric acid may only cause dermatitis. 0.1.11 IMMUNOLOGIC  0.1.11.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE o A) Immunological alterations have been reported. 0.1.12 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS  A) Sulfuric acid was teratogenic in one animal study. 0.1.13 CARCINOGENICITY  0.1.13.1 IARC CATEGORY o A) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7664-93-9 (IARC, 2004): . 1) Not Listed  0.1.14.2 HUMAN OVERVIEW o A) Several epidemiologic studies of workers chronically exposed to sulfuric acid mists have suggested an increased risk for respiratory and nasopharyngeal cancers. 0.1.15 GENOTOXICITY  One study found an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations in workers exposed to sulfuric acid and sulfur dioxide.

G. Laboratory Test  Monitor vital signs, urine output, CBC, electrolytes and renal function after significant ingestion, inhalation or dermal exposure.  Obtain an upright chest radiograph in patients with possible perforation after acid ingestion.  Monitor pulse oximetry and/or arterial blood gases, chest radiographs and pulmonary function tests in patients with respiratory symptoms after exposure

H. Treatment Overview 0.1.1 ORAL EXPOSURE  A) MUCOSAL DECONTAMINATION: If no respiratory compromise is present, dilute immediately with water or milk; no more than 8 ounces in adults and 4 ounces in children.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

 B) GASTRIC DECONTAMINATION: Ipecac contraindicated. Consider insertion of a small, flexible nasogastric or orogastric tube to suction gastric contents after recent large ingestions; the risk of further mucosal injury must be weighed against potential benefits.  C) ENDOSCOPY: Perform within 24 hours to evaluate for burns in adults with deliberate ingestion or any signs or symptoms attributable to ingestion, and in children with stridor, vomiting, or drooling. Consider endoscopy in children with dysphagia, refusal to swallow, significant oral burns, or abdominal pain. If burns are found, follow 10 to 20 days later with barium swallow or esophagram.  D) PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT: Corticosteroids are controversial. Consider use in second degree burns within 48 hours of ingestion in patients without gastrointestinal bleeding or evidence of perforation. Antibiotics are indicated for suspected perforation or infection and in patients receiving corticosteroids.  E) SURGICAL OPTIONS: Initially, if severe esophageal burns are found a string may be placed in the stomach to facilitate later dilation. Insertion of a specialized nasogastric tube after confirmation of a circumferential burn may prevent strictures. Dilation is indicated after 2 to 4 weeks if strictures are confirmed; if unsuccessful, either colonic intraposition or gastric tube placement may be performed. Consider early laparotomy in patients with severe esophageal and/or gastric burns. 0.1.2 INHALATION EXPOSURE  A) INHALATION: Administer oxygen. If respiratory symptoms develop obtain chest x-ray, monitor pulse oximetry and/or blood gases. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta agonists. If acute lung injury develops, consider PEEP. Evaluate for esophageal, dermal and eye burns as indicated. 0.1.3 EYE EXPOSURE  A) MEDICAL FACILITY: Irrigate with sterile 0.9% saline for at least an hour or until the cul-de-sacs are free of particulate matter and returned to neutrality (confirm with pH paper).  B) EYE ASSESSMENT: The extent of eye injury (degree of corneal opacification and perilimbal whitening) may not be apparent for 48 to 72 hours after the burn. 0.1.4 DERMAL EXPOSURE  A) OVERVIEW o 1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry; wash exposed area with copious amounts of water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. o 2) Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

I. EMERGENCY ACTION GUIDELINES:  Fire Fighting Procedure: o Extinguish fire using agents suitable for nearby fires. Use water spray only to keep fire- exposed containers cool. o No water. In case of fire in the surroundings: powder, foam, carbon dioxide. o In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water but NO direct contact with water.  Protective Equipment & Clothing: o SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most 87

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker. o Chem goggles, face screens, gloves, neoprene or PVC boots and acid-resistant trousers, the legs of which should fall over the boots and not be tucked into them. o Breakthrough times of sulfuric acid through neoprene or polyvinyl chloride are greater than one hour reported by (normally) two or more testers. o There is some data suggesting that the breakthrough times of sulfuric acid (< 30%, 30- 70%, and >70%) through polyethylene, Saranex, chlorinated polyethylene, neoprene, nitrile, polyvinyl chloride, viton, or styrene-butadiene are approximately an hour/more. o Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. o Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. o Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possbility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. o Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. (Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.) o Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. o Respirator Recommendations: Up to 15 mg/cu m

 Cleanup Method: o SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal. o Consult an expert! Evacuate danger area! Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. o On Land: For small spills, cover the contaminated area with sodium bicarbonate or a mixture of soda ash/slaked lime (50/50) and mix. Shovel the neutralized residues into containers for disposal. If neutralizing agent is not available, cover the area with sand or earth to absorb the liquid and shovel into containers for disposal. o In Water: Sodium bicarbonate is recommended as an in situ neutralizing agent to avoid overdosing, resulting in too great a pH increase as well as the lower heat of reaction. Other treating agents that may be considered for neutralization are: calcined dolomite (where overrun of alkali; can be tolerated), calcium oxide (where overrun of alkali can 88

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

be tolerated), and calcium hydroxide (where gypsum forms and slows neutralization), and sodium carbonate (where Ca and Mg content are to be kept low). o Spills of hazardous chemicals (such as inorganic sulfur acids, oleums of strength 35 to 65%, liquid sulfur trioxide, or chlorosulfonic acid) can be treated with high molecular weight polyacrylamide, polymethyl methacrylate or a blend of polyacrylamides. Each forms a polymer skin over the liquid surface, suppressing the fume & allowing access to the spill so that cleanup can be done in a controlled manner. Polyacrylamide variant DP 1916 is best treatment for chlorosulfonic acid & oleum 20. Polycarbonate granules used in a layer approx 80 mm thick topped off with Sorboil (an absorbent clay) is best treatment for diked spills of oleums of all strengths & liq sulfur trioxide. The acid beneath the skin is best recovered by pumping. Unconfined spills of sulfur trioxide & oleums of all strengths can be treated with excess anhydrous sodium sulfate which forms a concrete-like residue that can be sprayed with water within 1 hour, dissolving it slowly. Expanded perlite, if contained in degradable bags, will effectively absorb & contain sulfur acids. Fumes of oleum 65% arising from spillage of 80 to 750 kg can be killed within 4 to 13 min. Asphalt or concrete is slightly affected. o Keep water away from release. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

 Disposal Method: o SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. o Sulfuric acid may be placed in sealed containers or absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material It may also be diluted and neutralized. o Add slowly to soln of soda ash and slaked lime with stirring (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

 ERPG GUIDE.: Please refer Emergency Response Guide No. 137 & 157 enclosed in Annexure-RA- I.

3.11 Xylene: A. General Details  Synonyms: Benzene, Dimethyl- , Dimethylbenzene , Methyltoluene , Xylenes, Xylol , Methyltoluene.

 Molecular Formula: C8-H10  Molecular Weight: 106.17

B. NFPA Classification Health: 2 (Moderate) Materials that, on intense or continued (but not chronic) exposure, could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury, including those requiring the use of respiratory protective equipment that has an independent air supply. These materials are hazardous to health, but areas may be entered freely if personnel are provided with full-face mask self-contained breathing apparatus that provides complete eye protection. 89

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

Flammability: 3 (Serious) This degree includes Class IB and IC flammable liquids and materials that can be easily ignited under almost all normal temperature conditions. Water may be ineffective in controlling or extinguishing fires in such materials. Instability: 0 (Minimal) This degree includes materials that are normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and that do not react with water. Normal fire fighting procedures may be used. C. Hazardous Property  FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious) o HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Easily ignited by heat, sparks, flames o CAUTION: Very low flash point; use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient o Do not use straight streams

D. Storage Condition  Xylene should be stored in cool, well-ventilated places, away from areas of acute fire hazard, open flames & strongly oxidizing materials. All containers should be clearly labelled & kept tightly closed.  Protect containers against physical damage. Outdoor or detached storage is preferable. Indoor storage should be in a standard flammable liquid storage room. E. Exposure Limits:  IDLH: 900 ppm  TLV: 8 Hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 100 ppm  OSHA Standard: o Permissible Exposure Limit: 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 100 ppm (435 mg/cu m). o Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 100 ppm (435 mg/cu m); STEL 150 ppm (655 mg/cu m) is still enforced in some states. F. Health Effects 0.1.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE  0.1.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Xylene is irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Acute overexposure to xylene has caused renal impairment, evidence of liver function disturbances, temporary confusion, transient memory loss, pulmonary congestion and edema, and focal alveolar hemorrhage. o B) Chronic exposure to xylene may cause defatting dermatitis, reversible eye damage, dyspnea, confusion, dizziness, apprehension, memory loss, headache, tremors, weakness, anorexia, nausea, ringing in the ears, irritability, thirst, mild changes in liver function, renal impairment, and anemia. Xylene contaminated with benzene has been associated with blood dyscrasias. o C) INHALATION - Inhalation may cause reversible hepatic and renal toxicity. High vapor concentrations can cause CNS excitation followed by narcosis, olfactory changes, respiratory tract irritation, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Severe exposure may result in death due to respiratory arrest and/or ventricular dysrhythmias. o D) INGESTION - Xylene ingestion can cause ventricular fibrillation, reversible hepatic and renal toxicity, CNS depression, a burning sensation in the oropharynx and stomach, and vomiting. Pulmonary aspiration can cause pneumonitis and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. o E) DERMAL (LIQUID) - Defatting of the skin with irritation, dryness, erythema, and cracking commonly occur. Blistering may occur, particularly if exposure to concentrated xylene is prolonged and the exposed area of skin is occluded. o F) OCULAR - Brief exposure to high vapor concentrations can cause a sensation of irritation. Vacuolar keratopathy has occurred in a few workers with prolonged exposure to high vapor concentrations. Splash accidents have produced transient,

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

superficial injury in most cases. Older literature reports conjunctivitis and occasionally corneal burns following eye contact with liquid xylene. 0.1.3 VITAL SIGNS0.2.5 CARDIOVASCULAR  0.2.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) ACUTE INHALATION - Information concerning cardiac effects in humans with xylene exposure is limited. Dogs exposed to other hydrocarbon solvents followed by epinephrine challenge have developed dysrhythmias and fatal ventricular fibrillation. o B) High vapor concentrations cause vasodilation with facial flushing/redness and a feeling of warmth. Severe acute poisoning resulted in an isolated case of cardiomyopathy. o C) CHRONIC INHALATION - Two cases of endocarditis in patients with chronic exposure have been reported; contributing effects of hypoxia and/or benzene contamination were possible. 0.1.6 RESPIRATORY  0.1.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) ACUTE EXPOSURE - Xylene vapors are highly irritating. Concentrated vapors of aromatic hydrocarbons, in general, can cause breathing difficulties, laryngeal and bronchial irritation, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, respiratory arrest, and asphyxiation. Pulmonary aspiration or intravenous injection of xylene can cause pneumonitis, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, and respiratory failure. o B) CHRONIC EXPOSURE - Chronic bronchitis occurs more frequently in workers exposed to solvents such as xylene. 0.1.7 NEUROLOGIC  0.1.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) ACUTE INHALATION - Low concentrations (100 to 690 ppm) produce subtle effects on short-term memory and reaction time, mild dizziness, drowsiness, headache, giddiness, and lightheadedness. Tolerance develops after several days of repeated exposure. Higher levels (greater than 3000 ppm) cause central nervous system (CNS) depression with confusion and coma. o B) CHRONIC INHALATION - Chronic workplace exposure may cause CNS excitation followed by depression. Paresthesias, tremors, apprehension, impaired memory, irritability, dizziness, weakness, fatigue, insomnia, and tinnitus can occur. 0.1.8 GASTROINTESTINAL  0.1.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Severe gastrointestinal distress occurs after ingestion. Inhalation exposure to airborne concentrations of 60 to 350 ppm has been associated with anorexia, a sweet taste in the mouth, nausea, and vomiting. Chronic vapor inhalation may cause anorexia and nausea. 0.1.9 HEPATIC  0.2.9.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Hepatotoxicity has been reported after ingestion, deliberate inhalational abuse and workplace exposure, but studies of exposed workers found no difference in serum liver enzymes as compared with controls. Transient serum transaminase elevation was reported in 2 cases after a massive acute exposure. Hypoxia may have contributed to these effects. o B) Xylene may alter pathways involved in chemical metabolism/biotransformation, based on limited data in humans and more substantial experimental animal data. Combined exposure to xylene and ethanol may result in additive effects on some biochemical pathways. 0.1.10 GENITOURINARY  0.1.10.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Albuminuria, microhematuria, pyuria, coffee-brown urine, and reversible renal failure have been reported. o B) Nephrotoxicity has been produced in rats exposed to xylene vapors. 0.1.11 ACID-BASE 91

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

 0.1.11.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Inhalation exposure resulted in renal tubular acidosis, high anion gap metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, hypobicarbonatemia, and hypophosphatemia in one reported case. 0.1.13 HEMATOLOGIC  0.2.13.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Thrombocytopenia, anemia, and aplastic anemia may occur if xylene is contaminated with benzene. 0.1.14 DERMATOLOGIC  0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Brief hand immersion results in erythema and a burning/prickling sensation (onset within a few minutes; duration 30 to 60 minutes) followed by some scaling the next day. Prolonged skin contact causes defatting dermatitis with dry skin, blistering, or eczema. Blistering is more likely to occur with prolonged exposure to concentrated liquid xylene under an occlusive covering. 0.1.16 ENDOCRINE  0.2.16.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Menstrual disorders have been reported in women exposed to xylene in addition to toluene, benzene, white spirit, or other chemicals. 0.1.18 PSYCHIATRIC  0.1.18.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Exposure to xylene may interfere with reaction time, perceptual speed, and short- term memory. 0.1.19 IMMUNOLOGIC  0.1.19.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o A) Prolonged exposure may reduce immunologic resistance. Some studies have failed to show immunosuppression. 0.1.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS  A) There are few well-conducted studies of the reproductive effects of xylene exposure in humans. Very limited data suggest that toxicosis, miscarriage, hemorrhage during childbirth, and infertility may occur. There is evidence in experimental animals that xylene is embryotoxic, fetotoxic, and possibly teratogenic, usually at doses which cause maternal toxicity.  B) Human studies concerning the reproductive effects of xylene have limitations, in that exposures are usually to more than one solvent (benzene, toluene and other compounds are common), exposure data are often lacking and endpoints are not sufficiently specific. 0.1.21 CARCINOGENICITY  0.1.21.1 IARC CATEGORY o A) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS1330-20-7 (IARC, 2004): . 1) IARC Classification . a) Listed as: Xylenes . b) Carcinogen Rating: 3 . 1) The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category.  0.1.21.2 HUMAN OVERVIEW o A) There is inadequate information concerning carcinogenic effects of xylene in humans. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has been potentially associated with exposure to solvents, including xylene. However, xylene is not regarded as a human carcinogen. 92

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o B) The EPA classifies xylenes as Group D (not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity), based on no human data and inadequate animal data (HSDB, 2002). 0.1.22 GENOTOXICITY  A) A National Toxicology Program review concluded that xylenes, in general, are not mutagenic and do not produce genotoxic effects. One study reported a weak mutagenic response in the Drosophila sex-linked recessive lethal test with a commercial xylene mixture.  B) Studies reviewed in the IRIS database (199 o 5) also failed to demonstrate genotoxic/mutagenic effects. No increased frequency of sister chromatid exchanges or chromosomal aberrations was identified in xylene exposed workers or in human lymphocytes exposed to xylene in vitro.  C) CASE-CONTROL STUDY - No increased sister chromatid exchanges were identified in the peripheral lymphocytes of 46 workers exposed to mean xylene concentrations of 47.3 mg/m( o 3) or 55.9 mg/m( o 3) measured weekly over 1 year.

G. Laboratory Test  Xylene can be measured in breath or blood directly or as the primary metabolite methylhippuric acid in urine.  Chest x-ray and arterial blood gases are indicated in symptomatic patients. Pulse oximetry can be used to assess adequacy of oxygenation.  In symptomatic patients obtain CBC, serum electrolytes, and urinalysis. Monitor renal and liver function tests.

H. Treatment Overview 0.1.2 ORAL EXPOSURE  A) EMESIS - Emesis is NOT indicated following ingestion of small amounts due to the possibility of CNS depression and pulmonary aspiration.  B) GASTRIC LAVAGE is generally NOT indicated as it is likely to increase the risk of aspiration.  C) Activated charcoal may induce vomiting and increase pulmonary aspiration risk, and is generally NOT indicated. It should be limited to rare situations when there is a toxic coingestant.  D) MONITOR FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE STATUS. Correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances.  E) MONITOR PATIENT for RESPIRATORY DISTRESS. Monitoring for at least 6 hours has been recommended for possible aspiration pneumonitis (Weiss, 1994). o 1) If symptomatic, obtain chest x-ray; if severe, monitor arterial blood gases. or pulse oximetry. Treat bronchospasm, hypoxia and pneumonia, if they occur. Supplemental oxygen, PEEP, or CPAP may be necessary. o 2) If CNS depression occurs, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, or ARDS develop, endotracheal intubation, assisted ventilation, and supplemental oxygen may be required.  F) MONITOR ECG and VITAL SIGNS REGULARLY. Avoid the use of epinephrine and other sympathomimetic amines when possible. Arrhythmias may be induced. 0.1.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE  A) INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids.  B) MONITOR FLUID and ELECTROLYTE STATUS. Correct hypokalemia and acidosis with potassium and bicarbonate. CAUTION: Hypocalcemia may ensue following fluid and electrolyte replenishment.  C) MONITOR PATIENT for RESPIRATORY DISTRESS. The development of pulmonary edema from extreme vapor inhalation may be delayed up to 72 hours. If symptomatic, obtain chest x-ray; if severe, monitor arterial blood gases or pulse oximetry. Supplemental oxygen, PEEP, OR CPAP may be necessary. Do not administer excessive fluids.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

 D) MONITOR ECG and VITAL SIGNS REGULARLY. Avoid epinephrine and other sympathomimetics whenever possible.  E) VENTRICULAR DYSRHYTHMIAS/SUMMARY: Institute continuous cardiac monitoring, obtain an ECG, and administer oxygen. Evaluate for hypoxia, acidosis, and electrolyte disorders. Lidocaine and amiodarone are generally first line agents for stable monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, particularly in patients with underlying impaired cardiac function. Amiodarone should be used with caution if a substance that prolongs the QT interval and/or causes torsades de pointes is involved in the overdose. Unstable rhythms require immediate cardioversion.  F) CHRONIC EXPOSURE: Evaluate renal and liver function.  G) Ensure airway patency and adequacy of ventilation and oxygenation. 0.1.4 EYE EXPOSURE  A) DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. 0.1.5 DERMAL EXPOSURE  A) OVERVIEW o 1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. o 2) Barrier creams, protective gloves, and topical steroids may be required to prevent and treat dermatitis. o 3) Treat systemic effects as described in the INHALATION section.

I. EMERGENCY ACTION GUIDELINES:  Fire Fighting Procedure: o If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. o Foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Water may be ineffective. Cool exposed containers with water.  Protective Equipment & Clothing: o Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (eight-inch minimum) ... to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact with liquid or solid xylene. Clothing contaminated with xylene should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of xylene from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered ... the person performing the operation should be informed of xylene's hazardous properties. o Breakthrough times /for natural rubber, neoprene, and polyvinyl chloride/ less (usually significantly less) than one hr reported by (normally) two or more testers. Breakthrough times /for polyvinyl alcohol/ greater than one hr reported by (normally) two or more testers. Some data suggesting breakthrough times /for nitrile rubber/ or approx an hour or more. o Personnel Protection: Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. o Respirator Recommendations: Up to 900 ppm

Assigned Protection Respirator Recommendation Factor (APF) Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s). Substance APF = 10 reported to cause eye irritation or damage; may require eye protection. 94

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s). Substance APF = 25 reported to cause eye irritation or damage; may require eye protection. Any supplied-air respirator. Substance reported to cause eye irritation or damage; APF = 10 may require eye protection. APF = 50 Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece.

 Respirator Recommendations: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions:

Assigned Protection Respirator Recommendation Factor (APF) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a APF = 10,000 pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure- APF = 10,000 demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self- contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus.

 Respirator Recommendations: Escape conditions:

Assigned Protection Factor Respirator Recommendation (APF) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back- APF = 50 mounted organic vapor canister/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.

 Cleanup Method: o 1. Remove all ignition sources. 2. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in safe place (such as fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear hood ductwork. Burn paper in suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be reclaimed or collected & atomized in suitable combustion chamber. Xylene should not be allowed to enter confined space, such as sewer. o For spills on land, absorb remaining xylene with sand or vermiculite and put in metal containers for disposal. Activated carbon may be used on undissolved portion. o For spills on water, contain and apply a universal gelling agent to solidify trapped mass then remove it. o Soil: construct barriers to contain spill or divert to impermeable holding area. Remove material with pumps or vacuum equipment. Absorb residual liquid with natural or synthetic sorbents, shovel into containers with covers. o Water: contain with booms, weirs, or natural barriers. Use (oil) skimming equipment or suction hoses to remove slick, followed by application of sorbents. o Air: use water spray to control flammable vapor. Control runoff for later treatment and/or disposal. o /Small quantities:/ Shut off all possible sources of ignition. Wear face shield, goggles, laboratory coat, and nitrile rubber gloves. Cover spill with a 1:1:1 mixture by weight of sodium carbonate or calcium carbonate, clay cat litter (bentonite) and sand, then shovel into bucket and transport to fume hood for atmospheric evaporation. Ventilate site of spillage well to evaporate remaining liquid and dispel vapor.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

o Environmental considerations - air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment. o Environmental considerations - water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use surface active agent (eg, detergent, soaps, alcohols), if approved by EPA. Inject "universal" gelling agent to solidify encircled spill and increase effectiveness of booms. If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. o Environmental considerations - land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. Apply "universal" gelling agent to immobilize spill. Apply appropriate foam to diminish vapor and fire hazard.  Disposal Method: o Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U239 and F003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. o Xylene is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. o Chemical Treatability of Xylene; Concentration Process: Biological traetment; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Full scale, continuous flow; Type of Wastewater Used: Industrial; Results of Study: Influent concn of 20-200 ppb decreased to 1.0-15.0 ppb effluent concn in survey of two municipal wastewater treatment plants. o A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 deg C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 deg C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 deg C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. o The permeability of xylene in fire clay has been observed to sharply increase over a 4- day period after 24 days of normal behavior. This has been attributed to slow shrinkage of the clay which was responsible for the breakthrough. This type of breakthrough in clay would be a problem unless such materials are co-disposed with materials with higher dielectric constants. o Recommendable methods: Incineration, use as a boiler fuel, & evaporation.  ERPG GUIDE.: Please refer Emergency Response Guide No. 130 enclosed in Annexure-RA-I.

3.12 DO’S & DON’TS FOR SAFETY MANAGEMENT Do’s  Always remember the three 'A's of acid handling - Always Add Acid to water or base slowly.  Do remember the following : o Acid handling requires the use of latex gloves. o Solvent and chemicals in miscellaneous category require the use of polythene gloves o Check the gloves for any pin-holes prior to use. o Wash your hands before eating, even if gloves were used while handling the chemical.  Always treat any liquid in chemical area as acid because few acids like HF may look and feel like water.  All spills and leakage should be cleaned up immediately.  Safety equipment such as fire extinguishers, Eye wash basin and safety showers shall be kept clean and readily accessible.  Required safety equipment like plastic sleeves, aprons, rubbers, boots, safety glasses, fume hoods, fume shields etc. shall be used even while handling small quantities or hazardous chemicals. 96

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 Demarcate separate areas for storing acids, base, solvents, wet chemicals, dry chemicals etc.  Working alone shall be avoided when handling dangerous chemicals.  Before draining any chemical in the central drain, ensure the compatibility of the chemical with the material of which the drain is made of and other chemicals normally flowing through that drain.  Always rinse empty bottles of chemicals before disposing them of in the well-designated areas. Don’ts  Do not mix acids with solvents or flammables. A violent reaction may occur pour solvents down the sink.  Do not drain.  Do not dip your hand into a chemical even when wearing gloves.  Do not inter-change the caps/lid. Put the same cap/lid back on the making sure that it is tight.  Do not store chemicals near heat source.  Do not store chemical containers (empty or full) at a height more than three feet above floor level.  Do not store acids and solvents together.  Do not wait to see whether the chemical you spill over you gives burn or not. Rinse the affected areas for 15-20 minutes and then report to a doctor. Also alert others so that they can help you in rinsing the chemical off you and in cleaning up the spill.  Do not take hazardous chemicals if you are under the influence of Alcohol/drug etc. or are feeling sleepy.  Don't come in direct contact with hazardous chemicals while in use/working.

Table 2.4: List of chmecals wise Antidotes & Emergency Action

Sr. Name of Chemicals Antidotes/Emergency Action No. 1. Chlorine Antidotes: Oxygen Inhalation: Remove the victim to fresh air area, support respiration, give oxygen, if necessary. Skin: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician should examine the area if irritation or pain persists. Eyes: Flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 mins. Seek medical aid immediately. Ingestion: Seek medical assistance. 2. Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air; keep him warm and quiet and get medical attention immediately; start artificial respiration if breathing stops. Skin: Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. Immediately flush with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Eyes: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persists, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. Ingestion: Have person drink water or milk; do not induce vomiting.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

3. Hydro quinone Inhalation: Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid. Skin: Get medical aid. Immediately flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately. Do not allow victim to rub or keep eyes closed. Ingestion: If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately. 4. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) Fire Extinguishing Media: Water. Do not use dry chemical powder or foam. Special Procedure: Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Inhalation: Contact should be avoided, but immediate flushing with water will prevent any reaction in case of accidental contact. Skin: Remove the contaminated clothes and shoes, flush the affected area with plenty of water. Eyes: Irrigate with plenty of water for 15 minutes. Ingestion: If the victim is conscious have him drink milk or water. Seek medical aid. 5. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) Inhalation: Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Skin: Get medical aid if irritation develops or persists. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water. Eyes: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Ingestion: If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately. Induce vomiting by giving one teaspoon of syrup of Ipecac.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

6. Tertiary Butyl Alcohol (TBA) Inhalation: Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid. Do not use mouthto- mouth respiration. Skin: Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical aid if irritation develops or persists. Wash clothing before reuse. Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid. Do not allow victim to rub or keep eyes closed. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Get medical aid immediately. 7. Xylene Eye Contact: Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention. Skin Contact: In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention. Serious Skin Contact: Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate medical attention. Inhalation: If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention if symptoms appear. Serious Inhalation: Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Seek medical attention. Ingestion: Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get medical attention if symptoms appear.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT M/s. Jalaram Chemicals.

8. Benzene Eye Contact: Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Cold water may be used. WARM water MUST be used. Get medical attention immediately. Skin Contact: In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention. Serious Skin Contact: Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate medical attention. Inhalation: If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention if symptoms appear. Serious Inhalation: Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Seek medical attention. Ingestion: Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If large quantities of this material are swallowed, call a physician immediately. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. 9. Aluminum chloride (AlCl3 ) Inhalation: Remove the victims from the exposed area to fresh air area. Keep him quiet. Skin: Wash the affected area immediately with plenty of water and soap. Eyes: Irrigate with plenty of water for 15 mins. Seek medical aid immediately. Ingestion: If victim is conscious have him drink water or milk. Do not induce vomiting. 10. Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4) Inhalation: Observe victim for delayed pulmonary reaction. Move him to fresh air. Give artificial respiration. Skin: Remove clothes and shoes. Do not use oil or ointment. Flush affected area with plenty of water. Eyes: Wash with plenty of water for 15 mins. Ingestion: Give plenty of water to drink, do not induce vomiting. Seek medical aid.

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11. Caustic flaks (NaOH) Inhalation: Remove the victim from exposure. Support respiration, give oxygen, if necessary. Skin: Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Discard contaminated clothing in a manner which limits further exposure. Eyes: Get medical aid. Do not allow victim to rub or keep eyes closed. Extensive irrigation is required (at least 30 minutes). Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Get medical aid immediately. 12. Phenol Inhalation: If the victim shows any ill effects, move him to fresh air area, keep him quiet and warm. If breathing stops, give artificial respiration. Skin: Remove the contaminated clothing under water shower. Wash the affected area with plenty of flowing water and soap for 15 mins. Eyes: Immediately flush with plenty of water. Seek medical aid. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Give milk, egg white or large amounts of water.

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4. DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

4.1 INTRODUCTION A disaster is a catastrophic situation in which suddenly, people are plunged into helplessness and suffering and, as a result, need protection, clothing, shelter, medical and social care and other necessities of life. Disasters can be divided into two main groups: (a) Man Made Disasters Malafide intentions such as sabotage, riots, industrial unrest, air attack etc. resulting into industrial accidents, factory fires, explosions and escape of toxic gases or chemical substances, river pollution, other structural collapses, air, sea, rail and road transport accidents, aircraft crashes, collisions of vehicles carrying inflammable liquids, oil spills at sea etc. will required State/National level resources to combat it. (b) Natural Calamities Disasters resulting from natural phenomena like earthquakes, volcanic eruption, storm, surges, cyclones, tropical storms, floods, landslides, forest fires and massive insect infestation. Also in this group, violent draught which will cause a creeping disaster leading to famine, disease and death must be included. These types of disasters are not under the purview of this plan. Any kind of disaster can result in emergency situation in plant area. Depending on the type & place of the emergency, it can be classified in two categories: (a) On Site Emergency Emergency due to conditions (uncontrolled reaction, small fire, small gas leak, spill, failure of power, water, air, steam, cooling media, scrubbing media etc.) and which can be locally handled by plant personnel alone (without outside help) is not considered as major emergency. Line of actions to tackle such emergencies should be as per the onsite plan. (b) Off Site Emergency A major emergency occurring at work is one that may affect several departments within and / or may cause serious injuries, loss of life, extensive damage to property or serious disruption outside the works. It will require the use of outside resources to handle it effectively. Usually the result of a malfunction or the normal operating procedures, it may also be precipitated by the intervention of an outside agency or natural calamity such as a severe storm, flooding, crashed aircraft or deliberate acts of person or sabotage.

4.2 MAJOR ON–SITE EMERGENCY The identification of maximum onsite credible accidents due to Toxic and flammable material may arise from: (1) A slow intermittent release through a leaking relief valve. (2) A fire or mechanical damage is threatened on installation containing toxic and flammable material, over pressurization or plant failure. (3) Due to spillage of toxic chemicals. (4) A major accident may occur due to sudden release of large quantity of toxic and flammable substances, as it would form large toxic cloud or vapor cloud. Although the probability of such an event occurring is extremely low.

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4.3 TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS The rapid growth of industries in India has boosted the transportation of hazardous chemical by road. This has in turn given birth to transportation emergency. When the carriers of the hazardous substances gets involved in accident it leads to disastrous consequences, maybe due to fire, explosion or toxic spillage resulting in damage of property, environment pollution and sometimes even loss of human life on both the sides of the transportation route. For handling and minimizing such emergency following survey is undertaken.  The routes of transportation by road for hazardous chemicals are identified and restricted, so that the least populated area is affected during emergency.  Population survey on both sides of the proposed transportation routes up to 500mm is undertaken so that the approximate number of people likely to be affected can be identified beforehand. Accordingly necessary evacuation and medical preparedness can be planned during the time of emergency. 4.4 FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED DURING EVACUATION REQUIRED DUE TO CHEMICAL HAZARDS SPILLAGE (i) The Dangerous Goods  Degree of health hazard  Amount involved.  Containment /control of release.  Rate of vapor movement. (ii) The Population Threatened  Location  Number of people  Time to evacuate or protect in place  Ability to control evacuation or protection in place  Building types and availability  Special institutions or populations e.g. nursing homes, hospitals, etc. (iii) Weather conditions  Effect on vapor and cloud movement  Potential for change  Effect on evacuation or protection in-place. 4.5 ON SITE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN This emergency management plan specially deals with “On-site emergency” i.e. with respect to accidents that may take place in the industry and their effects are confined to the factory premises, involving only the people working in the factory. 4.5.1 Fire – Emergency Control Management  Any person who notices fire will immediately inform through phone or massager to: - Main gate - Concerned supervisor/shift in charge - HOD (Security and firefighting)  Concerned supervisor will switch off electricity near the place of fire.  Use suitable firefighting equipment placed at various locations. Fire extinguishers will be provided in all area; information of the fire extinguishers will be shown on plant layout drawing and provided to all department & concern personal. Following are the details of the fire extinguishers provided with in premises.  Use fire hydrant provided in the plant properly as per suitability under guidance & supervision of site in charge. Following are the details of the fire hydrant points with Hose Box provided within premises. 103

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 Main gate will send ambulance to the accident site and inform Chief Medical Officer.  Security and firefighting personnel will rush to the site along with necessary equipment and cordon off the area. They will not allow unauthorized persons to enter in the area of fire.  Security and firefighting personnel and other personnel will start using suitable firefighting equipment to extinguish fire.  HOD Utility will ensure smooth supply of water.  HOD will arrange to remove any stored material that is likely to come in contact with fire and may catch fire.  HOD will arrange to dispose burnt material as waste as per waste disposal of that department and take appropriate action for mitigation of environmental impacts.

Table 4.1: List of Safety &Emergency Facilities Sr.no. Particular of Equipment Requirement

1 DCP powder (50% of fire extinguishers ) 05

2 CO2 Cartridges ( 50% of fire extinguishers ) 02 3 Sand scoops 04 4 Safety helmets 09 5 First aid box with anti-snake serum& Antidotes 01 6 Rubber hand gloves 10 7 Explosive meter 01 8 Pressure type self-contained breathing apparatus with spare cylinder (30 01 minutes) 9 Safety Shower 01 10 Safety Goggles 10 11 Mention if any other -

Table 4.2: Location of fire hydrant point with hose box Sr. Area / Plant Nos. Of Hydrant point with hose box No. 1 Plant Areas 03 2 R.M. Storage and Tank area 01 3 Utility area 01 4 Administrative Building 01 5 Laboratory Area 01

Table 4.3: List of Fire Extinguisher Sr. No. Area Type of Extinguisher Nos Capacity 1 Laboratory DCP 1 10 Kgs 2 R.M. Storage &Tank Area DCP 3 10 Kgs 3 Finish Goods Area DCP 1 10 Kgs 4 Office DCP 1 10 Kgs 5 Security Office DCP 1 10 Kgs 6 Spare DCP 04 10 Kgs

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4.5.2 Emergency Control Procedure for Hazardous Chemicals  In case of any major incident in chemical storage &/or transfer/handling system, immediately inform through phone or messenger to:  Main gate  Production officer  Security in-charge & Fire fighter  Main gate will inform ambulance to send at the accident site and inform to Medical Officer.  Security and firefighting personnel will rush to the site along with necessary equipment and cordon off the area. They will not allow unauthorized persons too near to the accident site.  The emergency management team will follow the methods established in line with the guidelines of “Chemical Emergency Response Guide” as prepared separately for all chemicals.  If any person is injured or affected in incident, provide first aid or shift him to dispensary, if required.  If there is fire following leak/spill, follow procedure for mitigation of fire.  If there is spillage of hazardous chemical following fire &/or dispersion, fire fighter arrange to collect the material, clean the area and dispose it accordingly after treatment as per the methods established in line with the guidelines of “Chemical Emergency Response Guide” as prepared separately for all chemicals.  Production officer will arrange to transfer spilled material and take appropriate action for mitigation of environmental Impacts as per the waste disposal plan and regulatory guidelines. 4.5.3 Control Room The security office, at main gate, will be the control room that is manned 24 hours. The control room will be headed by Manager- Security, assisted by maintenance in-charge and Safety Officer. The following facilities are available in the control room:  Layout of the plant  Emergency Contact List  Maximum number of people working at a time and assembly points  Population around the plant  Internal and external telephones with telephone directory  Public address system  Torch lights  List of dispensaries and registered medical practitioners around the plant  Area map of surrounding villages  Nominal roll of employees  Note pads and pencils to record message received and instruction to be passed through runners  The methods established in line with the guidelines of “Chemical Emergency Response Guide”  “Chemical Emergency Response Guide”  A copy of Emergency Plan  List of emergency control committee, emergency crew, medical staff, transportation staff, and security and firefighting staff  First aid box, jiggery, and peppermint  Sitting arrangement 4.5.4 Emergency Contact List During emergency, any person facing incident or any person aware of incident or any person seeking information for emergency contact details will use the following list.

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Table 4.4: Emergency responsibilities personals: S. Name / Designation Contact Nos. No. 1 Mr. Dhruvin.D.Patel Direct Line 9825145597 (Director) Intercom - Home - Mobile 9825145597 2 Mr. Dineshbhai Patel Direct Line - (Directore Production) Intercom - Home - Mobile 9825145597 3 Mr. Dineshbhai Patel Direct Line - (UNIT HEAD) Intercom - Home - Mobile 9825145597 4 Mr. Madhukant V Suvagia Direct Line - (Incharge-Maintanance) Intercom - Home - Mobile 9898936576 5 Mr. Samir Patel Direct Line (EHS-Officer cum safety) Intercom Home Mobile 9898936576 6 Mr. Madhukant Suvagia Direct Line - (Manager – Production) Intercom - Home - Mobile 9898936576 7 Mr. Sameer Patel Direct Line - (EXECUTIVE- Adm./P&A/HR) Intercom - Home - Mobile 9898936576 8 Mr. Madhukant V Suvagia Direct Line - (Head Laboratory) Intercom - Home - Mobile 9898936576 9 Mr.Madhukant V Suvagia Direct Line (In-charge, Godown) Intercom Home Mobile 9898936576 10 Local Crisis Control Room, GIDCSarigam 0260- 278139 11 Fire Services, 0260-2780222 Common Fire Service Contact, Hot Dial 101 12 Police Stations/control room: 0260 - 2780933 Sarigam 0260 - 2562333/2561255 Umergaon 0260 – 2784033 Bhilad 0260-2254100/2254999 Daman 0260- 2642130/2642002 Silvassa 02632-242900/253333 Valsad Police Control Room, Hot Dial 100 13 Collector Office 02632 - 243417/253613 Mamlatdar, Umergam 0260 – 2562089 106

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S. Name / Designation Contact Nos. No. Mamlatdar, Disaster, Valsad 02632-243238/244274/244279 14 GPCB–VAPI 2432089/2426207 15 GSPC Local Emergency Contact 0260-6452000 16 Primary Health Centre, Sarigam 0260-2562445 17 Haria Hospital, Vapi 0260-2400053/2430206 18 CHC And Government RefferalHospital, Bhilad 0260-2374329, 2375519 19 Ambulance & Emergency, Hot Dial 108 20 Blood Bank 0260 - 2430654,2400053 Nukem Blood Bank (Haria) 0260- 2434600,2434601 Lions Blood Bank

4.5.5 Assembling Point During emergency, one emergency assembling point is provided near main gate area. Main gate will be the assembly points depending upon the wind direction and location of the person with respect to incident area. The person will move opposite to wind direction (facing direction from which wind is blowing) and away from the source of chemical leakage. When possible and space is available, person will move into left & right direction of the wind direction and finally will reach to the assembly point. Wind direction may be known by seeing direction of windsocks located at different points in the company and direction of stack smoke.

Name of five neighbor industries: 1. Koel Colours Pvt. Ltd. 2. Heni Drugs Pvt. Ltd. 3. Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited 4. Valient Organics Limited 5. Kalptaru Organics Private Limited 4.5.6 Warning Signal In case of emergency, people will be informed by raising siren. Manager Security/Manager P&A are authorized to raise siren. Siren will be blown intermittently for 5 minutes and will be treated as declaration of major emergency. Siren will be located at turbine house of power block.

4.5.7 Emergency Ending The emergency will be declared ended when the source of gas emission has been effectively isolated and gas clouds dispersed. This will be done by on – site incident controller. Siren will be blown intermittently for 2 minutes to declare emergency end.

4.5.8 Emergency Control Committee (ECC) The emergency control committee will be comprising of the following members.  Managing Director/Units Head - Main Controller  Units Head – On-site Incident Controller(Leader)  Plant In-Charge – Dy. On-site Incident (Jn. Leader)  Manager (EHS)- On-Site Instructor  Maintenance Incharge  Firefighter  In-charge (RM Storage)  Safety Officer  Medical Associate 107

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4.5.9 Responsibilities of Persons Involved A. Works Main Controller Either or Both of Managing Director & Unit Head will be works main controller. He/they will take care of on – site emergency plan. As soon as he/they is/are informed of emergency, he / they will:  Assume responsibilities for overall main control.  Ensure that members mentioned called in.  Maintain a speculative continuous review of possible development and assess these to determine most probable cause of events.  Arrange to maintain chronological record of emergency.  Issue authorized statements to news media and inform head office.  Inform outside emergency services including fire, police, hospitals, District Magistrate. B. On-Site Incident Controller & Dy. On-Site Incident Controller Either of General Manager or Manager Production will the on –site incident controller. When General Manager is assigned duty of On-site Incident Controller the Manager Production will be acting as Dy. On-site Incident controller to as per direction of General Manager. In other case, when General Manager is not available, Dy. On-Site Incident controller will act as On-site Incident Controller. As soon as he/they is/are informed of emergency he/they will proceed to the site. On arrival he/they will:  Assess the scale of emergency and decide if a major emergency exists or likely to exist and declare it  Direct all operation for controlling and stopping chemical leakage with the following priorities: - Secure safety of personnel - Minimum damage to plant and machinery  Direct rescue operation  Ensure that affected area is searched for causalities  Ensure that all non-essential workers in affected area leave the place (direct them to go to the assembly point as per wind direction)  Report developments to works main controller  Keep record to preserve evidences to facilitate any subsequent enquiry C. Communication and Advisory Team This team will consist of manager/head of various departments of the company. D. Emergency Security Controller He will be the senior most security person located at main gate office. He will take care of security of the plant and also guide outside government agencies. E. Medical Officer Medical officer will be a doctor / trained compounder at occupational health center / dispensary of plant / first aid center. F. Worker  Workers /employee of A/B/C shift having duty in following area/department will not leave their place of work without instruction by On-site Incident Controller &/or Dy. On-site Incident Controller &/or HOD of respective area/department: - Boiler operation - Tank Farm Area - Water supply - Electrical Dept. - Logistic/transportation

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 Persons of any department instructed specifically not to leave the plant by shift in-charge/ shift supervisor  Shift workers will see that leakage in any tank is contained and eliminated under guidance of their supervisor/shift in-charge  Shift workers are strictly subjected to follow the manual of Chemicals while working in the area having hazardous chemicals. All workers will work with hazardous chemicals only under guidance /supervision of their supervisor / shift in-charge  Shift workers (Water Supply) will ensure water supply to colony and plant. In no case water supply to the colony will be cut off.  Shift workers (Electrical) will ensure power to water supply, colony, and plant. In no case power is to be switched off. They will also ensure cut-off of power in the area where power supply required to be stopped.  Boiler attendants and operators will ensure that their plants are stopped in orderly manner without any damage.  In-charge of transportation will ensure that their vehicles are parked in proper area to avoid blockage on road and all vehicles are in ready condition for evacuation operations in case of evacuation is required.  Other shift workers specifically instructed not to leave the plant, will perform the following function: - Act as extra first aiders to deal with casualties - Transport equipment, if any, to the incident - Remove vehicles away from the risk areas - Act as runners in case of communication difficulties - Any other work directed by senior person present at that location  All other workers, except those mentioned above, will leave their work place after stopping their plant properly to avoid damage.  After completing the above-mentioned/assigned works, all workers will leave their place immediately. G. Communication System Following communication system will be followed:  Control room and place of incidence: Telephone/Mobile/Messenger/Internal Network/Internet  Between two control teams: Telephone/Messenger/Walky-talky/Mobile/Internal Network  For general communication is all area: Mike/Speaker equipped with microphone further, public address system is provided at control room. H. Safety Appliances All safety appliances as required to combat the emergency as suggested in “Chemical Safety measures/MSDS” will be made available in plant. All plant area will have suitable safety equipment like; fire extinguisher, self-contained breather, mask, goggles, safety suit, hydrant etc. as required. I. Check – Up Schedule For handling of hazardous materials, standard procedures shall be followed. Further, regular check- up shall be done to ensure safety. Guidelines for such check-up are given below:

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Table 4.5: Details of Inspection Schedule Particular Frequency Responsibility Leakage in Hazardous Chemicals Tanks Daily Manager (Production)

Temperature, Pressure & Groundings Daily Manager (Production) Storage & handling of materials as per Daily Manager (Production & EHS) standard procedure Pump, Motors & Valves for operation Weekly Manager (Maintenance) Availability & Conditions and use of Weekly Manager (EHS&/or HR) Safety appliances First aid box, peppermint, antidotes, Weekly Manager (Production&/or HR) vaccines and medicines Fitting and fixtures Monthly Manager (Maintenance) Recalibration of pressure gauge & flow Monthly HOD (Instrumentation) meters Siren Daily HOD (Electrical) Mock drill for Chemical leakage & Fire Half yearly Manager (Production) Medical check – up Half yearly Manager (HR/P&A) Testing of hoist, ropes, and sling Yearly Manager (Maintenance) Pipeline and fitting replacement Once in 4 yrs. Manager (Maintenance)

J. Training To educate employees, their families, and inhabitants in surrounding villages regarding precautions to be adopted and information system in case of hazardous chemical leak and also to train a group of employees in methods and procedures to prevent and/or to contain such leak is highly essential and is provided as under:  Training and holding regular mock drills in dealing with hazardous chemical leak to employees working in hazardous chemical handling area, production plant & other areas.  Training and holding mock drill in dealing with hazardous chemical leak and familiarization with terrain to fire and security staff.  General safety instructions to protect individual from effects of chemicals are also propagated through safety exhibitions. Further, these instructions are displayed and distributed in English, Hindi, and Gujarati. K. Medical Facility The company shall have occupational health center/ dispensary for medical treatment. A full time/contracted MBBS, MD doctor shall be in charge of the center. Further, many hospitals are located nearby area / villages. To provide first aid to the affected person first aid box will be provided in the company. First aid box will be regularly checked. L. Mutual Aid While necessary facilities shall be made available and shall be updated from time to time, sometimes, it may be necessary to seek external assistance; it may be from the neighboring factories or from the State Government as the case may be. Upon inception of operation of the company following company of GIDC sarigam will be contacted to establish the mutual facilities for emergency management.  Aarti drugs Ltd.  Macleod’s pharmaceuticals Ltd.

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M. Mock Drill In spite of detailed training, it may be necessary to try out whether, the Onsite Emergency Plan work out and will there be any difficulties in execution of such plan. In order to evaluate the plan and see whether the plan meets the objectives of the Onsite Emergency Plan, occasional mock drills are contemplated. Before undertaking the drill, it would be very much necessary to give adequate training to all staff members and also information about possible mock drill. After few pre-informed mock drills, few UN-informed mock drills would be taken. All this is to familiarize the employees with the concept and procedures and to see their response. These scheduled and unscheduled mock drills would be conducted during shift change, public holidays, in night shift etc. To improve preparedness once in 6 months and performance is evaluated. 4.6 OFF – SITE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN The off-site emergency plan prepared herein will deal with those incidents, identified in the on-site plan, which have the potential to affect adversely the persons or the environment outside the boundary of the premises. Whenever such an emergency occurs, there is a great need to control and isolate the danger, and to minimize the adverse effect to the greatest extent possible. This plan has been drawn up with a view to mobilize resources and integrate with State Contingency Plan for an effective system of command and control in combating the emergency. The off-site plan is the tool for co-ordination of existing services and their readiness, as far as possible, for the hazards and problems, which may arise in an incident. The information for the off-site emergency plan such as site Data, Toxic Cloud Dispersion distances, Role of Factory Management, External Support Services, Transportation Emergencies etc. is furnished. Thus in brief the two main purposes of the off-site emergency plan are:  To provide the local/district authorities, Police, Fire Brigade, Doctors, surrounding industries and public, the basic information of risk assessment and to appraise them of the consequences and the protection/prevention measures and control plans and to seek their help to communicate with the public in case of a major emergency.  To assist the State Authorities (GSDMA, Collectors etc.) for preparing the off-site emergency (Contingent) plan for the district or particular area and to organize rehearsal from time to and initiate corrective actions based on the lessons learnt. A. Central Control Room (CCR) The central control room is the place under the control of chairman of local crisis plan (LCP) committee, where the operations to handle the emergency are directed and co-ordinated. It is the Centre of Resources Mobilisation, Information & Media Communication. B. Fire & Rescue Wing The control of fire is normally the role of the fire commandant, till the controller of team of local disaster management authority come on site. He may also have a similar role for other type of incident like explosions, toxic release and collapse of structure where rescue work is to be carried out in scientific and systematic way. He has to ensure mobilization of all the fire services, and other requirements to achieve the target. He will liaise with other coordinator and feed the information regarding incident to the scene of fire or to the site. PHASE 1: During Normal Circumstances Fire & Rescue Wing Should Carry Out and Get Prepared During Normal Period 1. Identify hazard potential areas. 2. Knowledge of approach roads & escape routes. 3. Provision adequate water supply and knowledge of other sources of water supply. 4. Arrangement of adequate type of firefighting equipment. 5. Provision of well-trained manpower. 6. Arrangement for pulling out manpower and resources from various units, without loss of time. 111

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7. Provisions of required quantity of fire extinguishing chemicals & their easy procurements, also with mutual aid system. 8. Proper & efficient communication system, preferably wireless, on single channel. 9. Adequacy of specialized rescue team, with specific equipment. 10. Maintaining the standard firefighting equipment and store in working condition to meet call at any time. 11. Operational uniformity- fire response plan. 12. Knowledge of chemicals and their properties and types of fire extinguishing media to be sued. 13. To arrange the training for fire crews and rescue team for evacuating purpose. 14. Incident involving chemical emergency/ toxic gas release, situation shall be handled by wearing self- contained breathing apparatus, along with protective clothing. 15. Fire commander shall keep ready a special jacket, to wear during emergency for identification. Proper co-ordination is required with police for the quick movement of fire fighting vehicles. 16. To know about the arrangement to keep open railway level crossing for quick movement of fire fighting vehicles I required with railway authority. PHASE 2: During Emergency 1. For identification of fire-commander shall wear a special jackets or identification. 2. Immediately after receiving the message from Local Control Room (LCR), the Fire Commandant shall activate/mobilize the crew to order from nearby Fire Station & rush to the site under intimation to LCR. 3. The fire commandant, before ordering, will ensure the type of fire-extinguishing media required and approximate quality on getting information about the scene of fire or the units. 4. At the site of incident, the Fife Commandant will thoroughly observe and inspect and survey the site for the use of fire media, and will start functioning accordingly, till the emergency is controlled in all respect, with constant touch with LCR, giving the details and adopted controlling procedures. 5. Fire commandant will act as Incident controller at site. All the agencies shall report to him at site. 6. Further, in case of more help required, he will report to LCR accordingly with specific and clear instructions for such help. 7. For the suspect trapped personnel, in case of toxic gas leakage and major fire, rescue operation will be carried out as instructed by LCR on the advice of experts using necessary respiratory protection system. PHASE 3: After Emergency 1. Incident controller will give the details about the incident to LCR also, for further actions, if required. 2. After “ALL OK SIREN” the necessary precautionary measures will be put in practice. 3. Work of removal of debris, removal of trapped persons or removal of dead bodies or other work as per scenarios & instructions will be carried out. 4. Incident Controller will assess the total damage and will give clear report about the scene to the chairman of LCG. 5. Incident controller will assess the adequacy of the work carried out and lacuna in the actions and find out the improvement to be required. C. Warning, Evacuation & Traffic Control Wing Role: Formal duties of the Police Authority during emergency include protecting life and property and controlling traffic movement. Further, police have to control and evacuate unnecessary public, to cordon off area of incident and ensure free movement of vehicles involved in relief operations.

Functions: 1. Control and regulations of traffic within the area of incident. 112

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2. Assist the fire-fighting wing by cordoning off the affected area and help the fire-fighting wing by supplementing fire-fighting personnel to the extent possible. 3. Assist the medical & evacuation personnel to work without any hindrance and help the medical department in evacuating casualties. 4. Prevent unauthorized entry into the affected area. 5. To control general law & order situation. During Normal Circumstances: 1. To develop control point and communication system. 2. To plan clear chain of command and control for controlling traffic at accident site. 3. To decide assembly point, shelter points etc. keeping in view the wind direction. 4. To arrange necessary equipment for warning the population. 5. To prepare procedure to regular traffic and diversion of traffic on approach road to accident prone industrial pockets. 6. To keep co-operation with all emergency services and Control Room. 7. To arrange training for police staff. 8. To gain knowledge of risk hazards and identify accident-prone areas. 9. To decide strategy to pull out resources. 10. To issue passes to persons expected on duty, transport services and others. 11. To communicate about transfer of officer, charge in address with telephone number to the LCG for updating the information. 12. To decide procedure to maintain records. 13. To lay down the scheme of wireless network for smooth flow of information to various agencies for containing the emergency. During Emergency: 1. On getting information about the emergency, from incident place or from the chairman of LCG and DySP, start functioning of control room at the incident place. 2. Arrangement should be made to maintain law and order in strict manner at the incident place and nearby. 3. Arrangement to control unwanted traffic and to divert unwanted traffic via safe route. 4. To post senior police officers near the mishap site. 5. Immediate and continuous announcement to make awareness about emergency among surrounding population. 6. Cordon the area so that area will not be crowded or blocked by unwanted people. 7. To keep the road clear and to see smooth flow of traffic. 8. To work in consultation with CCR and report the details of real position of each place. 9. To keep and carry out evacuation and remove trapped persons. Moreover, to ensure protection of property in evacuated areas. 10. To divert the person to first air post, casualty receptions center and base hospital according to the situation. 11. To ensure that there is no interruption in the performance of tasks allotted to other emergency services. 12. Communicate the surrounding public instructing them to leave the area and move to the shelters and other safe place as decided, in case of release of toxic gas, the clear instruction should be communicated by wireless set/walkie-talkie through mobile vehicles, who should also wear the protective equipment like self -breathing apparatus.

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After Emergency: 1. The evacuated areas (industrial and residential) should be securely protected till the rehabilitation is completed. 2. The place of incident should be preserved from evidence and theft point of view. 3. After getting clearance from LCR, traffic should be resorted in the control way. The report of activities carried out during and after the emergency should be submitted to the Chairman of LCG. D. Actions For Emergencies Involving Road Tankers Carrying Hazardous Chemicals In recent years, India has witnessed rapid growth in transportation of hazardous chemicals by road. Major road accidents have clearly demonstrated that hazardous chemical carries, when involved in accidents, can cause disastrous consequences like fire, explosion & spillage resulting in loss of life and property besides environmental pollution. Such accidents demand immediate availability of essential information to take appropriate counter measures. The products of chemical industry vary enormously in their types, property and degree of hazard, ranging from explosives to plaster board. These are transported as solids, liquids in a wide range of temperatures and pressures. Realizing the dangers, the new Motor vehicles Act 1988 has been introduced in India by imposing permit conditions for vehicles carrying hazardous substances. Under this new act, every motor vehicle carrying hazardous substances should comply with certain regulations.

(i) Role of Transport Crew 1. Motor vehicle carrying hazardous substance should have the emergency information panel which provides details in the event of emergency. It indicates the correct technical name of the substance being transported; it’s UN – Number, Hazchem Code and UN Hazard class label. The panel also provides for contact telephone number in an emergency, as also specialist advice. 2. The driver of the vehicles should possess related Tremcard from the respective suppliers and to be kept on the vehicles. 3. To maintain the vehicles, accessories, protective clothing and other equipment in good conditions 4. In case of mishap, the driver should be reported, immediately, to the nearest police station. 5. At the time of mishap, the helper/ cleaner/ driver who-so-ever remain present should handover ‘Tremcard’ or written information about the contained chemicals to the emergency services. (ii) Role of CCR On the receipt of an incident/mishap report, the Central Control Room will ensure that the emergency services have been summoned through Fire Officer of the company, till the fire controller of LCG comes at site and will obtain the specialist advice & inform the expert to remain on telephone, if any assistance is needed. A manufacturer’s/ trader’s/ supplier’s specialist advice should normally be sought if deemed necessary after the situation has been assessed by the Emergency Services. This procedure may, however, be varied according to the situation and advice by experts. (iii) Methodology Policy based on the knowledge of immediate danger area does the action for initial cordoning. (iv) Evacuation 1. Determination the extent of evacuation required in consultation with the emergency commander. 2. Residents should be advised to travel slowly and cautiously and not to burden themselves with unnecessary baggage. 3. Ensure that buses/trucks/vehicles are properly lined up at various picks up points. Responsible officer should be posted at these points to supervise loading and dispatch of buses/vehicles.

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4. Ensure that drivers of buses/vehicles/trucks are given clear instruction about route and their destination. 5. Make proper security arrangement to look after houses and property in their absence, in other words, chances of theft etc. should be minimized during the period when the residents are away. 6. Get in touch with Div. Manager (Railway) & / or Local State Transport Manager to arrange the evacuation by railway or bus if required. 7. Ensure that battery/diesel operated floodlights are ready to be made functional in case there should be need for the same. 8. Decide in consultation with emergency commander for return of residents. Register should be maintained giving evacuation and other details with time. If evacuation is required, it is carried out as guided in the “Chemical Emergency Response Guidelines” table of isolation and protective action distances. Before Evacuation the following factors are also to be considered. The Dangerous Goods  Degree of health hazard  Amount involved  Containment /control of release  Rate of vapor movement The Population Threatened  Location  Number of people  Time to evacuate or protect in place  Ability to control evacuation or protection in place  Building types and availability  Special institutions or populations e.g. nursing homes, hospitals, etc. Weather conditions  Effect on vapor and cloud movement  Potential for change  Effect on evacuation or protection in-place.

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Annexure RA‐I: Emergency Response Guide (ERG) Note: This annexure is available in soft copy only in CD. ERG GUIDE

ERG2012 GUIDE 137 SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE POTENTIAL HAZARDS HEALTH · CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. · Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. · Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. · Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. · Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION · EXCEPT FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (UN1715), THAT IS FLAMMABLE, some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. · May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). · Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. · Flammable/toxic gases may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.). · Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. · Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. · Substance may be transported in a molten form. PUBLIC SAFETY · CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not

available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. · As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. · Keep unauthorized personnel away. · Stay upwind. · Keep out of low areas. · Ventilate enclosed areas.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). · Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. · Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

EVACUATION Spill · Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for highlighted materials. For non-highlighted materials, increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown under "PUBLIC SAFETY". Fire · If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all ERG GUIDE directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. EMERGENCY RESPONSE Fire · When material is not involved in fire, do not use water on material itself. Small Fire · Dry chemical or CO2. · Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Large Fire · Flood fire area with large quantities of water, while knocking down vapors with water fog. If insufficient water supply: knock down vapors only. Fire involving Tanks or Car/Trailer Loads · Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. · Do not get water inside containers. · Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. · ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. SPILL OR LEAK · Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. · Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. · Stop leak if you can do it without risk. · Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container. · Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Small Spill · Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. · Use clean non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. · Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

FIRST AID · Move victim to fresh air. · Call 108 or emergency medical service. · Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. · Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. · Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. · Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. · In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. · For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. · Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance. · Keep victim warm and quiet. · Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. · Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. ERG GUIDE

ERG2012 GUIDE 130 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar / Water-Immiscible / Noxious) POTENTIAL HAZARDS FIRE OR EXPLOSION · HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. · Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. · Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. · Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). · Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. · Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. · Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. · Containers may explode when heated. · Many liquids are lighter than water.

HEALTH · May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. · Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. · Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. · Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. · Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. PUBLIC SAFETY · CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. · As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. · Keep unauthorized personnel away. · Stay upwind. · Keep out of low areas. · Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). · Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. Small Fire · Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. Large Fire · Water spray, fog or regular foam. · Do not use straight streams. · Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fire involving Tanks or Car/Trailer Loads · Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. · Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. · Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. · ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. · For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. SPILL OR LEAK · ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). · All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. · Do not touch or walk through spilled material. · Stop leak if you can do it without risk. · Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. · A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. · Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. · Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. Large Spill · Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. · Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

FIRST AID · Move victim to fresh air. · Call 108 or emergency medical service. · Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. · Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. · Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. · In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. · Wash skin with soap and water. · In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. · Keep victim warm and quiet. · Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. · Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

ERG GUIDE

GUIDE 124 GASES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE - OXIDIZING POTENTIAL HAZARDS HEALTH · TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin. · Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. · Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. · Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION · Substance does not burn but will support combustion. · Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. · These are strong oxidizers and will react vigorously or explosively with many materials including fuels. · May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). · Some will react violently with air, moist air and/or water. · Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through pressure relief devices. · Containers may explode when heated. · Ruptured cylinders may rocket. PUBLIC SAFETY · CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. · As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. · Keep unauthorized personnel away. · Stay upwind. · Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). · Keep out of low areas. · Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

EVACUATION Spill · See Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances. Fire · If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. EMERGENCY RESPONSE Fire Small Fire ERG GUIDE

CAUTION: These materials do not burn but will support combustion. Some will react violently with water. · Contain fire and let burn. If fire must be fought, water spray or fog is recommended. · Water only; no dry chemical, CO2 or Halon®. · Do not get water inside containers. · Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. · Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists. Fire involving Tanks · Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. · Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. · Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. · Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. · ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. · For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. SPILL OR LEAK · Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. · Do not touch or walk through spilled material. · Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. · Stop leak if you can do it without risk. · Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. · Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. · If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. · Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. · Isolate area until gas has dispersed. · Ventilate the area.

FIRST AID · Move victim to fresh air. · Call 108 or emergency medical service. · Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. · Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. · Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. · Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed. · Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. · In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. · Keep victim warm and quiet. · Keep victim under observation. · Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. · Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

ERG GUIDE

ERG2012 GUIDE 125 GASES - CORROSIVE POTENTIAL HAZARDS HEALTH · TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. · Vapors are extremely irritating and corrosive. · Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. · Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. · Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION · Some may burn but none ignite readily. · Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. · Some of these materials may react violently with water. · Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through pressure relief devices. · Containers may explode when heated. · Ruptured cylinders may rocket. PUBLIC SAFETY · CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. · As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. · Keep unauthorized personnel away. · Stay upwind.

· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). · Keep out of low areas. · Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

Small Fire · Dry chemical or CO2. Large Fire · Water spray, fog or regular foam. · Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. · Do not get water inside containers. · Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists. Fire involving Tanks · Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. · Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. · Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. · Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. · ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. SPILL OR LEAK · Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. · Do not touch or walk through spilled material. · Stop leak if you can do it without risk. · If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. · Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. · Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. · Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. · Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

FIRST AID · Move victim to fresh air. · Call 108 or emergency medical service. · Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. · Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. · Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. · Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. · In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. · In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. · In case of contact with Hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous (UN1052), flush skin and eyes with water for 5 minutes; then, for skin exposures rub on a calcium/gel combination; for eyes flush with a water/calcium solution for 15 minutes. · Keep victim warm and quiet. · Keep victim under observation. · Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. · Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

ERG GUIDE

ERG2012 GUIDE 157 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive) POTENTIAL HAZARDS HEALTH · TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. · Reaction with water or moist air may release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. · Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. · Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. · Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION · Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. · For UN1796, UN1826, and UN2031 at high concentrations and for UN2032, these may act as oxidizers, also consult GUIDE 140. · Vapors may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars etc.). · Substance may react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. · Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. · Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. PUBLIC SAFETY · CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. · Keep unauthorized personnel away. · Stay upwind. · Keep out of low areas. · Ventilate enclosed areas.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE Fire · Note: Some foam will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases. Small Fire · CO2 (except for Cyanides), dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam. Large Fire · Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. · Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. · Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams. · Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Fire involving Tanks or Car/Trailer Loads · Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. · Do not get water inside containers. · Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. · Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. · ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. SPILL OR LEAK · ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). · All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. · Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. · Stop leak if you can do it without risk. · A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. · Do not get water inside containers. · Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. · Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Small Spill · Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. · Use clean non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

FIRST AID · Move victim to fresh air. · Call 108 or emergency medical service. · Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. · Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. · Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. · Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. · In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. · In case of contact with Hydrofluoric acid (UN1790), flush skin and eyes with water for 5 minutes; then, for skin exposures rub on a calcium/gel combination; for eyes flush with a water/calcium solution if available, otherwise continue with water for 15 minutes. ERG GUIDE

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. · Keep victim warm and quiet. · Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. · Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

GUIDE 140 OXIDIZERS POTENTIAL HAZARDS FIRE OR EXPLOSION · These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. · Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. · May explode from heat or contamination. · Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). · May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). · Containers may explode when heated. · Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

HEALTH · Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. · Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. · Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. PUBLIC SAFETY · CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. · As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. · Keep unauthorized personnel away. · Stay upwind. · Keep out of low areas. · Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

EVACUATION Large Spill · Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet). Fire · If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. EMERGENCY RESPONSE ERG GUIDE

Fire Small Fire · Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control. Large Fire · Flood fire area with water from a distance. · Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. · Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fire involving Tanks or Car/Trailer Loads · Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. · Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. · ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. · For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. SPILL OR LEAK · Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. · Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. · Stop leak if you can do it without risk. · Do not get water inside containers. Small Dry Spill · With clean shovel place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. Small Liquid Spill · Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal. Large Spill · Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. · Following product recovery, flush area with water.

FIRST AID · Move victim to fresh air. · Call 108 or emergency medical service. · Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. · Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. · Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. · Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry. · In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. · Keep victim warm and quiet. · Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

ERG GUIDE

ERG2012 GUIDE 143 OXIDIZERS (Unstable) POTENTIAL HAZARDS FIRE OR EXPLOSION · May explode from friction, heat or contamination. · These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. · May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). · Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). · Containers may explode when heated. · Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

HEALTH · TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. · Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. · Toxic fumes or dust may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.). · Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. PUBLIC SAFETY · CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. · As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. · Keep unauthorized personnel away. · Stay upwind. · Keep out of low areas.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

· Flood fire area with water from a distance. · Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. · Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. · Do not get water inside containers: a violent reaction may occur. Fire involving Tanks or Car/Trailer Loads · Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. · Dike fire-control water for later disposal. · ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. · For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. SPILL OR LEAK · Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. · Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. · Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. · Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Small Spill · Flush area with flooding quantities of water. Large Spill · DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.

FIRST AID · Move victim to fresh air. · Call 108 or emergency medical service. · Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. · Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. · Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. · Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry. · In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. · Keep victim warm and quiet. · Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

ERG2012 GUIDE 129 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar / Water-Miscible / Noxious) POTENTIAL HAZARDS FIRE OR EXPLOSION · HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. · Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. · Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.

· Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). · Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. · Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a ERG GUIDE fire. · Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. · Containers may explode when heated. · Many liquids are lighter than water.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). · Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

EVACUATION Large Spill · Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). Fire · If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. EMERGENCY RESPONSE Fire CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. Small Fire · Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. · Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane or nitroethane. Large Fire · Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. · Do not use straight streams. · Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fire involving Tanks or Car/Trailer Loads · Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. · Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. · Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. · ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. ERG GUIDE

· For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. SPILL OR LEAK · ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). · All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. · Do not touch or walk through spilled material. · Stop leak if you can do it without risk. · Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. · A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. · Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. · Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. Large Spill · Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. · Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

ERG2012 GUIDE 153 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible) POTENTIAL HAZARDS HEALTH · TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. · Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. · Avoid any skin contact. · Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.

· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. · Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION · Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. ERG GUIDE

· When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. · Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. · Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. · Containers may explode when heated. · Runoff may pollute waterways. · Substance may be transported in a molten form. PUBLIC SAFETY · CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. · As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. · Keep unauthorized personnel away. · Stay upwind. · Keep out of low areas. · Ventilate enclosed areas.

SPILL OR LEAK · ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). · Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. · Stop leak if you can do it without risk. · Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. · Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. · Do not get water inside containers.

FIRST AID · Move victim to fresh air. · Call 108 or emergency medical service. · Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. · Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. · Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. · Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. · In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. · For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. · Keep victim warm and quiet. · Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. · Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible) POTENTIAL HAZARDS HEALTH · TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. · Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. · Avoid any skin contact. · Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. · Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. · Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

FIRE OR EXPLOSION · Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. · Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). · Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. · Containers may explode when heated. · For UN3171, if Lithium ion batteries are involved, also consult GUIDE 147. PUBLIC SAFETY ERG GUIDE

· CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. · As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. · Keep unauthorized personnel away. · Stay upwind. · Keep out of low areas. · Ventilate enclosed areas.

EVACUATION Spill · See Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for highlighted materials. For non- highlighted materials, increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown under "PUBLIC SAFETY". Fire · If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. EMERGENCY RESPONSE Fire Small Fire · Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. Large Fire · Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. · Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. · Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Fire involving Tanks or Car/Trailer Loads · Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. · Do not get water inside containers. · Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. · Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. · ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. SPILL OR LEAK · ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). · Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. · Stop leak if you can do it without risk. · Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. · Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. · Do not get water inside containers. ERG GUIDE

FIRST AID · Move victim to fresh air. · Call 108 or emergency medical service. · Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. · Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. · Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. · Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. · In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. · For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. · Keep victim warm and quiet. · Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. · Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

Annexure RA‐II: MSDS of Chemicals of proposed project. Note: This annexure is available in soft copy only in CD.

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS 22 Aluminium chloride 1. CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : Aluminium chloride Chemical Classification:Reactive Trade Name : Synonyms: Anhydrous Aluminium chloride, Aluminum trichloride Formula : AlCl3 CAS No: 7446-70-0 UN No: 1726 Regulated Identification Shipping Name : Aluminium chloride, Anhydrous Hazchem Code : 4W Codes / Label :Class 8, Reactive Hazardous Waste ID No : 17 HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S. No. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S. No. 1 Aluminium chloride 7446-70-0 3 2 4 2. PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL DATA Boiling 180 Physical State: SolidAppearance: White when pure; Pt. °C: (Sublimes) ordinarily gray or yellow to greenish. Melting 192.6Vapour Pressure 1 mm Hg at Odour: Hydrogen chloride Pt °C: @ 35°C mmHg: 100.0 °C odour. Vapour Solubility in Reacts Others: Soluble in alcohol Density(Air =1): water at 30°C (explodes) and ether. g/100ml: Specific Gravity (Water =1 ): 2.44 at 25°C(solid) pH : 3. FIRE / EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability : No LEL: Flash Point °C in OC: TDG Flammability: UEL: Flash Point °C in CC: Autoignition Temperature °C : Explosion sensitivity to impact: Stable Explosion sensitivity to static Electricity: Stable Hazardous Combustion Products : Reacts violently with water, liberating hydrogen chloride gas and heat. Hazardous Polymerization : Will not occur. Combustible Liquid: No Explosive Material: No Corrosive Material Yes Flammable Material: No Oxidiser : No Others: Pyrophoric Material: No Organic Peroxide : No 4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability : Stable Incompatibility with : With nitrobenzenes or nitrobenzene+phenol other material Reactivity : Highly exothermic reaction with water or stream. Highly exothermic polymerisation with alkenes. Aluminium chloride Page 1 of 3 Hazardous : Highly exothermic reaction with water or stream produces toxic vapour of Reaction Products HCL 5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of entry: Inhalation, skin, eyes and ingestion Effects of Exposure / Symptoms: Inhalation: Causes irritation. Skin & eyes: Contact in the presence of moisture causes thermal and acid burns. Emergency Treatment : Inhalation: Remove the victims from the exposed area to fresh air area.Kepp him quiet. Skin: Wash the affected area immediately with plenty of water and soap. Eyes: Irrigate with plenty of water for 15 mins.Seek medical aid immediately. Ingestion: If victim is conscious have him drink water or milk.Do not induce vomiting. LD50 (oral-rat) mg/kg: 3300 mg/kg STEL: LC50 (rat) mg/kg: Odour Threshold: 1.5 ppm (8.1 mg/m3) Permissible TLV (ACGIH) : 10 mg/m3 Exposure Limit: NFPA Hazard Health Flammability Reactivity Special Signals 03 2W 6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective : Provide face shield or fully closed goggles,rubber or plastic gloves,shoes Equipment and acid vapour canister mask in emergency. Use these equipments while on the routine job. Handling : Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated place free from heat,moisture,source of ignition and strong alkaline material. Storage : Do not store in direct sunlight. Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Keep away from water. Keep away from organic halogens. Corrosives area. Loosen closure cautiously before opening. Precautions : Avoid contact with solid or dust 7. EMERGENCY / FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE: Fire Extinguishing Media : Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Special Procedure : Do not use water. Violent reaction may result. Extinguish fire using agent suitable, for surrounding fire. Stop flow of liquid before extinguishing fire. Unusual Hazards : EXPOSURE: First Aid Measures: Inhalation: Remove the victims from the exposed area to fresh air area.Kepp him quiet. Skin: Wash the affected area immediately with plenty of water and soap. Eyes: Irrigate with plenty of water for 15 mins.Seek medical aid immediately. Ingestion: If victim is conscious have him drink water or milk.Do not induce vomiting. Antidotes / Dosages: SPILLS : Steps To Be Taken : Sweep and collect without making dust. Wash the surface with water and soap. Waste Disposal Method: Seal all waste in vapour tight plastic bags for eventual disposal. Aluminium chloride Page 2 of 3 8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION / REFERENCES Combines with water with explosive violence and with the liberation of much heat. Keep the material tightly closed and protected from moisture. 9. MANUFACTURERS / SUPPLIERS DATA NAME OF FIRM : Contact person MAILING ADDRESS : in Emergency : TELEPHONE / TELEX NOS : Local Bodies involved : TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS : Standard Packing : OTHERS : Trem Card Details / Ref : 10. DISCLAIMER Information contained in this material data sheet is believed to be reliable but no representation, guarantee or warranties of any kind are made as to its accuracy, suitability for a particular application or results to be obtained from them. It is up to the manufacturer/ seller to ensure that the information contained in the material safety data sheet is relevant to the product manufactured / handled or sold by him as the case may be. The Government makes no warranties expressed or implied in the respect of the adequacy of this document for any particular purpose. End of document Total No. of Pages: 3

Aluminium chloride Page 3 of 3 He a lt h 2 3 Fire 3 2 0 Re a c t iv it y 0 Pe rs o n a l Pro t e c t io n H Material Safety Data Sheet Benzene MSDS

Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification

Product Name: Benzene Contact Information: Catalog Codes: SLB1564, SLB3055, SLB2881 Sciencelab.com, Inc. 14025 Smith Rd. CAS#: 71-43-2 Houston, Texas 77396 RTECS: CY1400000 US Sales: 1-800-901-7247 International Sales: 1-281-441-4400 TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Benzene Order Online: ScienceLab.com CI#: Not available. CHEMTREC (24HR Emergency Telephone), call: Synonym: Benzol; Benzine 1-800-424-9300 Chemical Name: Benzene International CHEMTREC, call: 1-703-527-3887 Chemical Formula: C6-H6 For non-emergency assistance, call: 1-281-441-4400

Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients

Composition:

Name CAS # % by Weight Benzene 71-43-2 100

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Benzene: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 930 mg/kg [Rat]. 4700 mg/kg [Mouse]. DERMAL (LD50): Acute: >9400 mg/kg [Rabbit]. VAPOR (LC50): Acute: 10000 ppm 7 hours [Rat].

Section 3: Hazards Identification

Potential Acute Health Effects: Very hazardous in case of eye contact (irritant), of inhalation. Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of ingestion. Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching. Potential Chronic Health Effects: CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified A1 (Confirmed for human.) by ACGIH, 1 (Proven for human.) by IARC. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Classified POSSIBLE for human. Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Classified Reproductive system/toxin/female [POSSIBLE]. The substance is toxic to blood, bone marrow, central nervous system (CNS). The substance may be toxic to liver, Urinary System. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage.

Section 4: First Aid Measures

p. 1 Eye Contact: Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Cold water may be used. WARM water MUST be used. Get medical attention immediately. Skin Contact: In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention. Serious Skin Contact: Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate medical attention. Inhalation: If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention if symptoms appear. Serious Inhalation: Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Seek medical attention. Ingestion: Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If large quantities of this material are swallowed, call a physician immediately. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Serious Ingestion: Not available.

Section 5: Fire and Explosion Data

Flammability of the Product: Flammable. Auto-Ignition Temperature: 497.78°C (928°F) Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: -11.1°C (12°F). (Setaflash) Flammable Limits: LOWER: 1.2% UPPER: 7.8% Products of Combustion: These products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2). Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Highly flammable in presence of open flames and sparks, of heat. Slightly flammable to flammable in presence of oxidizing materials. Non-flammable in presence of shocks. Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Risks of explosion of the product in presence of static discharge: Not available. Explosive in presence of oxidizing materials, of acids. Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: Flammable liquid, soluble or dispersed in water. SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder. LARGE FIRE: Use alcohol foam, water spray or fog. Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: Extremely flammable liquid and vapor. Vapor may cause flash fire. Reacts on contact with iodine heptafluoride gas. Dioxygenyl tetrafluoroborate is as very powferful oxidant. The addition of a small particle to small samples of benzene, at ambient temperature, causes ignition. Contact with sodium peroxide with benzene causes ignition. Benzene ignites in contact with powdered chromic anhydride. Virgorous or incandescent reaction with hydrogen + Raney nickel (above 210 C) and bromine trifluoride. Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards: Benzene vapors + chlorine and light causes explosion. Reacts explosively with bromine pentafluoride, chlorine, chlorine trifluoride, diborane, nitric acid, nitryl perchlorate, liquid oxygen, ozone, silver perchlorate. Benzene + pentafluoride and methoxide (from arsenic pentafluoride and potassium methoxide) in trichlorotrifluoroethane causes explosion. Interaction

p. 2 of nitryl perchlorate with benzene gave a slight explosion and flash. The solution of permanganic acid ( or its explosive anhydride, dimaganese heptoxide) produced by interaction of permanganates and sulfuric acid will explode on contact with benzene. Peroxodisulfuric acid is a very powferful oxidant. Uncontrolled contact with benzene may cause explosion. Mixtures of peroxomonsulfuric acid with benzene explodes.

Section 6: Accidental Release Measures

Small Spill: Absorb with an inert material and put the spilled material in an appropriate waste disposal. Large Spill: Flammable liquid. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Stop leak if without risk. Absorb with DRY earth, sand or other non-combustible material. Do not touch spilled material. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.

Section 7: Handling and Storage

Precautions: Keep locked up.. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, acids. Storage: Store in a segregated and approved area. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Keep container tightly closed and sealed until ready for use. Avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame).

Section 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Engineering Controls: Provide exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to keep the airborne concentrations of vapors below their respective threshold limit value. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are proximal to the work-station location. Personal Protection: Splash goggles. Lab coat. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves. Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill: Splash goggles. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used to avoid inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling this product. Exposure Limits: TWA: 0.5 STEL: 2.5 (ppm) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] TWA: 1.6 STEL: 8 (mg/m3) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] TWA: 0.1 STEL: 1 from NIOSH TWA: 1 STEL: 5 (ppm) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] TWA: 10 (ppm) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] TWA: 3 (ppm) [United Kingdom (UK)] TWA: 1.6 (mg/m3) [United Kingdom (UK)] TWA: 1 (ppm) [Canada] TWA: 3.2 (mg/m3) [Canada] TWA: 0.5 (ppm) [Canada]Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.

Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical state and appearance: Liquid. Odor: Aromatic. Gasoline-like, rather pleasant. (Strong.) Taste: Not available. Molecular Weight: 78.11 g/mole

p. 3 Color: Clear Colorless. Colorless to light yellow. pH (1% soln/water): Not available. Boiling Point: 80.1 (176.2°F) Melting Point: 5.5°C (41.9°F) Critical Temperature: 288.9°C (552°F) Specific Gravity: 0.8787 @ 15 C (Water = 1) Vapor Pressure: 10 kPa (@ 20°C) Vapor Density: 2.8 (Air = 1) Volatility: Not available. Odor Threshold: 4.68 ppm Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: The product is more soluble in oil; log(oil/water) = 2.1 Ionicity (in Water): Not available. Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water, diethyl ether, acetone. Solubility: Miscible in alcohol, chloroform, carbon disulfide oils, carbon tetrachloride, glacial acetic acid, diethyl ether, acetone. Very slightly soluble in cold water.

Section 10: Stability and Reactivity Data

Stability: The product is stable. Instability Temperature: Not available. Conditions of Instability: Heat, ignition sources, incompatibles. Incompatibility with various substances: Highly reactive with oxidizing agents, acids. Corrosivity: Non-corrosive in presence of glass. Special Remarks on Reactivity: Benzene vapors + chlorine and light causes explosion. Reacts explosively with bromine pentafluoride, chlorine, chlorine trifluoride, diborane, nitric acid, nitryl perchlorate, liquid oxygen, ozone, silver perchlorate. Benzene + pentafluoride and methoxide (from arsenic pentafluoride and potassium methoxide) in trichlorotrifluoroethane causes explosion. Interaction of nitryl perchlorate with benzene gave a slight explosion and flash. The solution of permanganic acid ( or its explosive anhydride, dimaganese heptoxide) produced by interaction of permanganates and sulfuric acid will explode on contact with benzene. Peroxodisulfuric acid is a very powferful oxidant. Uncontrolled contact with benzene may cause explosion. Mixtures of peroxomonsulfuric acid with benzene explodes. Special Remarks on Corrosivity: Not available. Polymerization: Will not occur.

Section 11: Toxicological Information

p. 4 CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified A1 (Confirmed for human.) by ACGIH, 1 (Proven for human.) by IARC. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Classified POSSIBLE for human. Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Classified Reproductive system/toxin/female [POSSIBLE]. Causes damage to the following organs: blood, bone marrow, central nervous system (CNS). May cause damage to the following organs: liver, Urinary System. Other Toxic Effects on Humans: Very hazardous in case of inhalation. Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of ingestion. Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals: Not available. Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: May cause adverse reproductive effects (female fertility, Embryotoxic and/or foetotoxic in animal) and birth defects. May affect genetic material (mutagenic). May cause cancer (tumorigenic, leukemia)) Human: passes the placental barrier, detected in maternal milk. Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans: Acute Potential Health Effects: Skin: Causes skin irritation. It can be absorbed through intact skin and affect the liver, blood, metabolism,and urinary system. Eyes: Causes eye irritation. Inhalation: Causes respiratory tract and mucous membrane irritation. Can be absorbed through the lungs. May affect behavior/Central and Peripheral nervous systems (somnolence, muscle weakness, general anesthetic, and other symptoms similar to ingestion), gastrointestinal tract (nausea), blood metabolism, urinary system. Ingestion: May be harmful if swallowed. May cause gastrointestinal tract irritation including vomiting. May affect behavior/Central and Peripheral nervous systems (convulsions, seizures, tremor, irritability, initial CNS stimulation followed by depression, loss of coordination, dizziness, headache, weakness, pallor, flushing), respiration (breathlessness and chest constriction), cardiovascular system, (shallow/rapid pulse), and blood.

Section 12: Ecological Information

Ecotoxicity: Not available. BOD5 and COD: Not available. Products of Biodegradation: Possibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may arise. Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The products of degradation are less toxic than the product itself. Special Remarks on the Products of Biodegradation: Not available.

Section 13: Disposal Considerations

Waste Disposal: Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations.

Section 14: Transport Information

DOT Classification: CLASS 3: Flammable liquid. Identification: : Benzene UNNA: 1114 PG: II Special Provisions for Transport: Not available.

Section 15: Other Regulatory Information

Federal and State Regulations: California prop. 65: This product contains the following ingredients for which the State of California has found to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm, which would require a warning under the statute: Benzene California prop. 65 (no significant risk level): Benzene: 0.007 mg/day (value) California prop. 65: This product contains the following ingredients

p. 5 for which the State of California has found to cause cancer which would require a warning under the statute: Benzene Connecticut carcinogen reporting list.: Benzene Connecticut hazardous material survey.: Benzene Illinois toxic substances disclosure to employee act: Benzene Illinois chemical safety act: Benzene New York release reporting list: Benzene Rhode Island RTK hazardous substances: Benzene Pennsylvania RTK: Benzene Minnesota: Benzene Michigan critical material: Benzene Massachusetts RTK: Benzene Massachusetts spill list: Benzene New Jersey: Benzene New Jersey spill list: Benzene Louisiana spill reporting: Benzene California Director's list of Hazardous Substances: Benzene TSCA 8(b) inventory: Benzene SARA 313 toxic chemical notification and release reporting: Benzene CERCLA: Hazardous substances.: Benzene: 10 lbs. (4.536 kg) Other Regulations: OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). EINECS: This product is on the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. Other Classifications: WHMIS (Canada): CLASS B-2: Flammable liquid with a flash point lower than 37.8°C (100°F). CLASS D-2A: Material causing other toxic effects (VERY TOXIC). DSCL (EEC): R11- Highly flammable. R22- Harmful if swallowed. R38- Irritating to skin. R41- Risk of serious damage to eyes. R45- May cause cancer. R62- Possible risk of impaired fertility. S2- Keep out of the reach of children. S26- In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S39- Wear eye/face protection. S46- If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. S53- Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. HMIS (U.S.A.): Health Hazard: 2 Fire Hazard: 3 Reactivity: 0 Personal Protection: h National Fire Protection Association (U.S.A.): Health: 2 Flammability: 3 Reactivity: 0 Specific hazard: Protective Equipment: Gloves. Lab coat. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wear appropriate respirator when ventilation is inadequate. Splash goggles.

Section 16: Other Information

References: Not available. Other Special Considerations: Not available. Created: 10/10/2005 08:35 PM Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM

The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to us. However, we make no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information, and we assume no liability resulting from its use. Users should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the information for their particular purposes. In no event shall ScienceLab.com be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party or for lost profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages, howsoever arising, even if ScienceLab.com has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

p. 6 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS 571 Sodium hydroxide 1. CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : Sodium hydroxide Chemical Classification:Explosive, Reactive, Trade Name : Oxidizing, Corrosive Synonyms: Caustic soda, Soda lye, Lye, Sodium hydrate Formula : NaOH CAS No: 1310-73-2 UN No: 1823 / 1824 Regulated Identification Shipping Name : Sodium hydroxide, Solid / Solution Hazchem Code : 2W / 2R Codes / Label :Class 8, Explosive, Reactive, Hazardous Waste ID No : 16 Oxidizing, Corrosive HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S. No. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S. No. 1 Sodium hydroxide 1310-73-2 3 2 4 2. PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL DATA Boiling 1388Physical State: SolidAppearance: Colourless to white, Pt. °C: solid (flakes, beads, granular form) Melting 323Vapour Pressure 1 mm Hg at 739 Odour: Odourless Pt °C: @ 35°C mmHg: °C Vapour Solubility in 1.1 kg/L Others: Soluble in alcohol, Density(Air =1): water at 30°C methanol and glycerol g/100ml: Specific Gravity (Water =1 ): 2.13 at 25 °C pH : 13-14 (soln.) 3. FIRE / EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability : No LEL: Flash Point °C in OC: TDG Flammability: UEL: Flash Point °C in CC: Autoignition Temperature °C : Explosion sensitivity to impact: Stable Explosion sensitivity to static Electricity: Stable Hazardous Combustion Products : Emits toxic fumes of Na2O Hazardous Polymerization : Will not occur. Combustible Liquid: No Explosive Material: No Corrosive Material Yes Flammable Material: No Oxidiser : No Others: Pyrophoric Material: No Organic Peroxide : No 4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability : Stable Incompatibility with : Water, acids, flammable liquids, organic halides, metals, Al, Sn, Zn, other material nitromethane and nitro compounds

Sodium hydroxide Page 1 of 3 Reactivity : Vigorous reaction with organic halides, metals, nitro compounds. Hazardous : Reaction Products 5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of entry: Inhalation, Ingestion., Skin & Eyes Effects of Exposure / Symptoms: Inhalation: Causes small burns to upper respiratory tract and lungs, mild nose irritation. Ingestion: Causes severe damage to mucous membrane. Severe scaring or perforation may occur. Eyes: Severe damage. Skin: Causes severe burns. Emergency Treatment : Inhalation: Remove the victim from exposure. Support respiration, give oxygen, if necessary. Skin: Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Discard contaminated clothing in a manner which limits further exposure. Eyes: Get medical aid. Do not allow victim to rub or keep eyes closed. Extensive irrigation is required (at least 30 minutes). Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Get medical aid immediately. LD50 (oral-rat) mg/kg: STEL: LC50 (rat) mg/kg: Odour Threshold: Permissible 2 mg/m3TLV (ACGIH) : 2 mg/m3 Exposure Limit: NFPA Hazard Health Flammability Reactivity Special Signals 30 0 6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective : Avoid contact with solid or liquid. Provide side covered safety goggles, Equipment face shield, dust-type respirator, rubber shoes and rubber hand gloves. Handling : Wash thoroughly after handling. Do not allow water to get into the container because of violent reaction. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Use with adequate ventilation. Discard contaminated shoes. Storage : Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Corrosives area. Store protected from moisture. Precautions : 7. EMERGENCY / FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE: Fire Extinguishing Media : Special Procedure : Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards : Toxic gases are produced. EXPOSURE: First Aid Measures: Inhalation: Remove the victim from exposure. Support respiration, give oxygen, if necessary. Skin: Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Discard contaminated clothing in a manner which limits further exposure.

Sodium hydroxide Page 2 of 3 Eyes: Get medical aid. Do not allow victim to rub or keep eyes closed. Extensive irrigation is required (at least 30 minutes). Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Get medical aid immediately. Antidotes / Dosages: SPILLS : Steps To Be Taken : Sweep and collect without making dust. Wash the surface with plenty of water and soap. Waste Disposal Method: Seal all waste in vapour-tight plastic bags for eventual disposal. 8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION / REFERENCES Vigorous reaction with 1,2,4,5 - Tetrachlorobenzene has caused many industrial explosions and forms extremely toxic 2,3,7,8 - Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin. Under proper conditions of temperature, pressure and state of division, it can react or ignite violently with acetic acid, acetaldehyde, acetic anhydride, acrolein, acrylonitrile, allyl alcohol, allyl chloride. 9. MANUFACTURERS / SUPPLIERS DATA NAME OF FIRM : Contact person MAILING ADDRESS : in Emergency : TELEPHONE / TELEX NOS : Local Bodies involved : TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS : Standard Packing : OTHERS : Trem Card Details / Ref : 10. DISCLAIMER Information contained in this material data sheet is believed to be reliable but no representation, guarantee or warranties of any kind are made as to its accuracy, suitability for a particular application or results to be obtained from them. It is up to the manufacturer/ seller to ensure that the information contained in the material safety data sheet is relevant to the product manufactured / handled or sold by him as the case may be. The Government makes no warranties expressed or implied in the respect of the adequacy of this document for any particular purpose. End of document Total No. of Pages: 3

Sodium hydroxide Page 3 of 3 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS 119 Chlorine 1. CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : Chlorine Chemical Classification:Toxic Trade Name : Synonyms: Chlorgas, CLX, Bertholite Formula : CL2 CAS No: 7782-50-5 UN No: 1017 Regulated Identification Shipping Name : Chlorine Hazchem Code : 2XE Codes / Label :Class 2.3, Toxic Hazardous Waste ID No : 17 HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S. No. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S. No. 1 Chlorine 7782-50-5 3 2 4 2. PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL DATA Boiling -34.04Physical State: GasAppearance: Greenish yellow Pt. °C: Melting -105.5Vapour Pressure 5.83X10+3 mm Odour: Pungent suffocating Pt °C: @ 35°C mmHg: Hg @ 25 deg C odour. Vapour 2.5Solubility in 0.57 g/100 ml Others: Soluble in alkalies, Density(Air =1): water at 30°C water @ 30 deg chlorides and g/100ml: C alcohols. Specific Gravity (Water =1 ): 1.4085 @ 20 deg C (at 5216 pH : mmHg) 3. FIRE / EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability : No LEL: Flash Point °C in OC: TDG Flammability: UEL: Flash Point °C in CC: Autoignition Temperature °C : Explosion sensitivity to impact: Stable Explosion sensitivity to static Electricity: Stable Hazardous Combustion Products : When heated, it emits highly toxic fumes. Hazardous Polymerization : Will not occur. Combustible Liquid: No Explosive Material: No Corrosive Material Yes Flammable Material: No Oxidiser : Yes Others: Pyrophoric Material: No Organic Peroxide : No 4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability : Stable at normal temperatures and pressures. Incompatibility with : Combustible substances, finely divided metals other material Reactivity : Violent reaction with alcohols, explosive reaction with metals; potentially dangerous reaction with sulfides, trialkyl boranes. At normal temperatures dry chlorine does not attack steel, copper, bronze etc. Chlorine Page 1 of 3 Moist chlorine is corrosive. Hazardous : Toxic products are generated when combustibles burn in Chlorine. Reaction Products 5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of entry: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eyes Effects of Exposure / Symptoms: Inhalation: Feeling of burning and suffocation, coughing, choking, laryngeal edema hypoxia and, in high concentrations, syncope and almost immediate death may follow. Pulmonary edema is common after severe exposure. Skin: Dermal exposure may cause erythema, pain, irritation, and cutaneous burns. Eyes: Green hair, dental enamel erosion, inflammation of the eye, and nasal and throat irritation may occur. Anosmia is reported. Ingestion: Vomiting may occur following initial exposure. Others: Death may result from suffocation. Emergency Treatment : Inhalation: Remove the victim to fresh air area, support respiration, give oxygen, if necessary. Skin: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician should examine the area if irritation or pain persists. Eyes: Flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 mins. Seek medical aid immediately. Ingestion: Seek medical assistance. LD50 (oral-rat) mg/kg: STEL: 1 ppm LC50 (rat) mg/kg: 260-344 ppm/1 hr Odour Threshold: 0.0020 mg/l (water), 0.31 ppm (air) Permissible 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) TLV (ACGIH) : 0.5 ppm Exposure Limit: NFPA Hazard Health Flammability Reactivity Special Signals 40 0O 6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective : Provide PVC gloves, gumboots, rubber overcoat, head mask, self- Equipment contained breathing apparatus. Handling : Keep locked up and out of the reach of children (if sold to general public). Keep container in a well ventilated place. Containers of this material may be hazardous when emptied. Storage : Store in a cool, dry, relatively isolated, well ventilated place. Store in steel pressure cylinders in a cool, dry area outdoors or in well-ventilated, detached or segregated areas of noncombustible construction. Keep out of direct sunlight and away from heat and ignition sources. Cylinder temperatures should never exceed 51°C. Isolate from incompatible materials. Store cylinders upright on a level floor secured in position and protected from physical damage. Use corrosion resistant lighting and ventilation systems in the storage area. Keep cylinder valve cover on. Label empty cylinders. Store full cylinders separately from empty cylinders. Avoid storing cylinders for more than six months. Comply with applicable regulations for the storage and handling of compressed gases. Precautions : Avoid contact with liquid or vapours. 7. EMERGENCY / FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE: Fire Extinguishing Media : Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, fog or foam. Special Procedure : Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or

Chlorine Page 2 of 3 flame. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus. Shut off gas supply. If not possible, let the fire burn. Unusual Hazards : Container may explode in heat of fire. Poisonous gases are produced in fire. EXPOSURE: First Aid Measures: Inhalation: Remove the victim to fresh air area, support respiration, give oxygen, if necessary. Skin: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician should examine the area if irritation or pain persists. Eyes: Flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 mins. Seek medical aid immediately. Ingestion: Seek medical assistance. Antidotes / Dosages: Oxygen SPILLS : Steps To Be Taken : Shut off leaks if without risk. Allow the gas to burn under control. Neutralize with dilute caustic soda (NaOH) or soda ash (Na2CO3). Waste Disposal Method: Refer 'Additional Information' 8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION / REFERENCES Spillage control: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Do not apply water to point of leak in tank car or container. Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment. Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Neutralize with dilute caustic soda (NaOH) or soda ash (Na2CO3). Water spill: Add dilute caustic soda (NaOH). If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. Incase of large gas escapes, the presence of cloud can be marked with ammonia with which it will turn into a mist. Run away from the gas clouds in a direction perpendicular to the wind direction. Avoid liquid chlorine from leaking and body contact. Persons with pulmonary diseases should avoid the exposure. Bring the leaking portion of the cylinder to the uppermost position, so that only the gas escapes and not the liquid. 9. MANUFACTURERS / SUPPLIERS DATA NAME OF FIRM : Contact person MAILING ADDRESS : in Emergency : TELEPHONE / TELEX NOS : Local Bodies involved : TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS : Standard Packing : OTHERS : Trem Card Details / Ref : 10. DISCLAIMER Information contained in this material data sheet is believed to be reliable but no representation, guarantee or warranties of any kind are made as to its accuracy, suitability for a particular application or results to be obtained from them. It is up to the manufacturer/ seller to ensure that the information contained in the material safety data sheet is relevant to the product manufactured / handled or sold by him as the case may be. The Government makes no warranties expressed or implied in the respect of the adequacy of this document for any particular purpose. End of document Total No. of Pages: 3

Chlorine Page 3 of 3 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS 313 Hydrochloric acid (gas) 1. CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : Hydrochloric acid (gas) Chemical Classification:Toxic, Corrosive Trade Name : Synonyms: Anhydrous hydrogen chloride, Anhydrous hydrochloric acid Formula : HCl CAS No: 7647-01-0 UN No: 1050 Regulated Identification Shipping Name : Hydrochloric acid, Gas Hazchem Code : 2RE Codes / Label :Class 2.3, Toxic, Corrosive Hazardous Waste ID No : HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S. No. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S. No. 1 Hydrochloric acid (gas) 7647-01-0 3 2 4 2. PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL DATA Boiling -85.06Physical State: GasAppearance: A colourless gas. Pt. °C: Melting -114.9Vapour Pressure 31701.2 mmHg Odour: Pungent odour. Pt °C: @ 35°C mmHg: (21.1 deg C) Vapour 1.64 g/lSolubility in 82.3 g/100 mL Others: Density(Air =1): water at 30°C at 0 deg C g/100ml: Specific Gravity (Water =1 ): 1.18 g/cm 3 pH : 3. FIRE / EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability : LEL: Flash Point °C in OC: 11 TDG Flammability: UEL: Flash Point °C in CC: Autoignition Temperature °C : Explosion sensitivity to impact: Explosion sensitivity to static Electricity: Hazardous Combustion Products : At high temperatures, it decomposes into hydrogen and chlorine Hazardous Polymerization : Combustible Liquid: Explosive Material: Corrosive Material Yes Flammable Material: Oxidiser : No Others: Pyrophoric Material: Organic Peroxide : 4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability : Stable - contact with common metals produces hydrogen which may form explosive mixtures with air. Incompatibility with : Hydroxides, amines, alkalis, copper, brass, zinc and many other metals. other material Reactivity : Reacts rapidly and exothermically with bases of all kinds. Reacts exothermically with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to generate

Hydrochloric acid (gas) Page 1 of 3 carbon dioxide. Reacts with sulfides, carbides, borides, phosphides, many metals to generate flammable hydrogen gas. Hazardous : Carbon dioxide, flammable hydrogen gas. Reaction Products 5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of entry: Inhalation, Ingestion, Skin and Eyes Effects of Exposure / Symptoms: Inhalation : Changes in breathing pattern, irritation, changes in pulmonary function, corrosion and edema of the respiratory tract, chronic bronchitis and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema have been observed. Ingestion : Gastritis, burns, gastric hemorrhage, dilation, edema, necrosis, and strictures may occur. Skin : Burns, ulceration, scarring, blanching, and irritation may occur. Eye : Dental discoloration or erosion, bleeding gums, corneal necrosis, inflammation of the eye, eye and nasal irritation, nasal ulceration, nose bleeds, throat irritation and ulceration have been observed. Emergency Treatment : Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air; keep him warm and quiet and get medical attention immediately; start artificial respiration if breathing stops. Skin: Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. Immediately flush with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Eyes: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. Ingestion: Have person drink water or milk; do not induce vomiting. LD50 (oral-rat) mg/kg: STEL: LC50 (rat) mg/kg: Odour Threshold: 7.0 mg/m3 Permissible 5 ppm (7 mg/m3) TLV (ACGIH) : 5 ppm (7 mg/m3) Exposure Limit: NFPA Hazard Health Flammability Reactivity Special Signals 30 1 6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective : Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. Wear positive pressure Equipment self-contained breathing apparatus. Handling : Containers of this material may be hazardous when emptied. Since emptied containers retain product residues (vapor, liquid, and/or solid), all hazard precautions given in the data sheet must be observed. Emergency eyewash fountains and safety showers should be available in the immediate vicinity of potential exposure. Do not puncture or incinerate containers. Storage : Keep away from oxidizing agents, particularly nitric acid and chlorates. Safeguard containers against mechanical injury. Precautions : 7. EMERGENCY / FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE: Fire Extinguishing Media : Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Special Procedure : Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use water spray to knock-

Hydrochloric acid (gas) Page 2 of 3 down vapors. Unusual Hazards : Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Some of these materials may react violently with water. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. EXPOSURE: First Aid Measures: Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air; keep him warm and quiet and get medical attention immediately; start artificial respiration if breathing stops. Skin: Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. Immediately flush with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Eyes: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. Ingestion: Have person drink water or milk; do not induce vomiting. Antidotes / Dosages: SPILLS : Steps To Be Taken : Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Waste Disposal Method: See "Additional information". 8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION / REFERENCES Material may burn but does not ignite readily. Contact with common metals produces hydrogen which may form explosive mixtures with air. Spillage treatment: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Use water spray to knockdown vapors. Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime. Do not use water on material itself. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment. Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. 9. MANUFACTURERS / SUPPLIERS DATA NAME OF FIRM : Contact person MAILING ADDRESS : in Emergency : TELEPHONE / TELEX NOS : Local Bodies involved : TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS : Standard Packing : OTHERS : Trem Card Details / Ref : 10. DISCLAIMER Information contained in this material data sheet is believed to be reliable but no representation, guarantee or warranties of any kind are made as to its accuracy, suitability for a particular application or results to be obtained from them. It is up to the manufacturer/ seller to ensure that the information contained in the material safety data sheet is relevant to the product manufactured / handled or sold by him as the case may be. The Government makes no warranties expressed or implied in the respect of the adequacy of this document for any particular purpose. End of document Total No. of Pages: 3

Hydrochloric acid (gas) Page 3 of 3 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS 318 Hydrogen peroxide 1. CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : Hydrogen peroxide Chemical Classification:Corrosive Trade Name : Synonyms: Peroxide, Albone, Superoxol, Oxydol Formula : H2O2 CAS No: 7722-84-1 UN No: 2015 / 2014 / 2 Regulated Identification Shipping Name : Hydrogen peroxide, stabilized or aqueous Hazchem Code : 2P / 2R Codes / Label :Class 5.1, Corrosive Hazardous Waste ID No : 17 HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S. No. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S. No. 1 Hydrogen peroxide 7722-84-1 3 2 4 2. PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL DATA Boiling 108 -141Physical State: SolidAppearance: Colourless Pt. °C: Melting - 52 to -11Vapour Pressure 2.5 mm Hg at 30Odour: Slightly sharp odour Pt °C: @ 35°C mmHg: Vapour > 1.2Solubility in Miscible Others: Soluble in ether. Density(Air =1): water at 30°C Decomposed by g/100ml: many organic solvents. Specific Gravity (Water =1 ): 1.29 at 20 pH : 3. FIRE / EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability : No LEL: Flash Point °C in OC: TDG Flammability: UEL: Flash Point °C in CC: Autoignition Temperature °C : Explosion sensitivity to impact: Unstable Explosion sensitivity to static Electricity: Hazardous Combustion Products : Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. Hazardous Polymerization : Will not occur. Combustible Liquid: No Explosive Material: No Corrosive Material Yes Flammable Material: No Oxidiser : Yes Others: Pyrophoric Material: No Organic Peroxide : No 4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability : Stable (pure grade), decomposes with dirt / metals. Incompatibility with : Oxidizable material, metals like iron, copper, brass, bronze, chromium, other material zinc, lead, maganese, silver, catalytic metals. Reactivity : Violent reaction with aluminium isopropoxide + heavy metal salts, coal, charcoal, dimethyl phenyl phosphine, hydrogen selenide, lithium tetrahydroaluminate, metals, metal oxides, metal salts. Hydrogen peroxide Page 1 of 3 Hazardous : Reacts with acetaldehyde + desicants, acetic acid, acetic anhydride, to Reaction Products form unstable explosive products. 5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of entry: Inhalation, Ingestion, Skin and Eyes Effects of Exposure / Symptoms: Although solutions and vapours are non - toxic, they are irritating. Vapours cause discomfort of eyes and nose. Moderately concentreated liquid causes whitening of the skin and severe stinging sensation. In most cases the stinging subsidies quickly and the skin gradually returns to normal without any damage. Highly concentrated liquid can cause blistering of skin, if left on for any length of time. Can also cause eye damage. Emergency Treatment : Inhalation: Contact should be avoided, but immediate flushing with water will prevent any reaction in case of accidental contact. Skin: Remove the contaminated clothes and shoes , flush the affected area with plenty of water. Eyes: Irrigate with plenty of water for 15 minutes. Ingestion: If the victim is conscious have him drink milk or water. Seek medical aid. LD50 (oral-rat) mg/kg: STEL: LC50 (rat) mg/kg: Odour Threshold: Permissible 1 ppm (1.5 mg/m3)TLV (ACGIH) : 1 ppm (1.5 mg/m3) Exposure Limit: NFPA Hazard Health Flammability Reactivity Special Signals 20 3O 6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective : Provide protective garments, both outer and inner made up of a woven Equipment ployster fabric or Polyvinylidene fabric, impermeable apron made up of PVC, neoprene hand gloves, boots and safety googles. Handling : Containers of this material may be hazardous when emptied. Since emptied containers retain product residues (vapor, liquid, and/or solid), all hazard precautions given in the data sheet must be observed. Storage : Store in a cool, dry , well ventilated place, away from heat, spark and flame. Containers must be well covered. Precautions : Avoid contact with liquid or vapours. 7. EMERGENCY / FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE: Fire Extinguishing Media : Water. Do not use dry chemical powder or foam. Special Procedure : Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards : Container may explode in a fire. EXPOSURE: First Aid Measures: Inhalation: Contact should be avoided, but immediate flushing with water will prevent any reaction in case of accidental contact. Skin: Remove the contaminated clothes and shoes , flush the affected area with plenty of water. Eyes: Irrigate with plenty of water for 15 minutes. Ingestion: If the victim is conscious have him drink milk or water. Seek medical aid.

Hydrogen peroxide Page 2 of 3 Antidotes / Dosages: SPILLS : Steps To Be Taken : Absorb the spillage on sand or earth. Drench with water. Do not absorb on saw dust or other combustibles. Waste Disposal Method: Dilute with plenty of water and drain into a sewer 8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION / REFERENCES Physical description: Colorless liquid with a slightly sharp odor. [Note: The pure compound is a crystalline solid below 12°F. Often used in an aqueous solution.] A powerful oxidizing and corrosive material. Although many mixtures of H2O2 and organic materials do not explode upon contact , the resultant combination is detonable either upon catching fire or by impact. The detonation velocity of aqueous solutions of H2O2 has been found to be about 6500 m/second for solution of between 96 wt. % and 100 wt. % H2O2. Another source of H2O2 explosions is from sealing the material in strong containers. Under such conditions, even gradual decomposition of H2O2 to H2O2 + ½ O2 can cause large pressures to build up in the containers which may then burst explosively. A solution of H2O2 of 35 wt. % and over can cause blistering of the skin. The eyes are particularly sensitive to this material. It is used as a general purpose food additive. It migrates to food from packaging materials. 9. MANUFACTURERS / SUPPLIERS DATA NAME OF FIRM : Contact person MAILING ADDRESS : in Emergency : TELEPHONE / TELEX NOS : Local Bodies involved : TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS : Standard Packing : OTHERS : Trem Card Details / Ref : 10. DISCLAIMER Information contained in this material data sheet is believed to be reliable but no representation, guarantee or warranties of any kind are made as to its accuracy, suitability for a particular application or results to be obtained from them. It is up to the manufacturer/ seller to ensure that the information contained in the material safety data sheet is relevant to the product manufactured / handled or sold by him as the case may be. The Government makes no warranties expressed or implied in the respect of the adequacy of this document for any particular purpose. End of document Total No. of Pages: 3

Hydrogen peroxide Page 3 of 3 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS 319 Hydroquinone 1. CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : Hydroquinone Chemical Classification:Toxic Trade Name : Synonyms: 1,4-Benzenediol, p - Dihydroxybenzene, Hydroquinol, Quinol Formula : C6H6O2 CAS No: 123-31-9 UN No: 2662 Regulated Identification Shipping Name : Hydroquinone Hazchem Code : 2Z Codes / Label :Class 6, Toxic Hazardous Waste ID No : 13 HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S. No. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S. No. 1 Hydroquinone 123-31-9 3 2 4 2. PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL DATA Boiling 285 °CPhysical State: SolidAppearance: White, light tan / Pt. °C: gray Melting 170 °CVapour Pressure 7 mm Hg at 1314 Odour: Pt °C: @ 35°C mmHg: C Vapour 3.81Solubility in Soluble Others: Very soluble, in Density(Air =1): water at 30°C Alcohol, Ether, g/100ml: Slightly soluble in Benzene. Specific Gravity (Water =1 ): 1.33 at 20 °C Liquid pH : 3. FIRE / EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability : No LEL: 1.6 Flash Point °C in OC: TDG Flammability: UEL: 15.3Flash Point °C in CC: 165 Autoignition Temperature °C : 515 Explosion sensitivity to impact: Stable Explosion sensitivity to static Electricity: Stable Hazardous Combustion Products : Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Hazardous Polymerization : Will not occur. Combustible Liquid: No Explosive Material: No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material: No Oxidiser : No Others: Pyrophoric Material: No Organic Peroxide : No 4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability : Stable Incompatibility with : Strong Oxidisers. other material Reactivity : Reacts with oxidising materials. potentially explosive reaction with O2 at 90°C/100 Bar. Violent reaction with NaOH

Hydroquinone Page 1 of 3 Hazardous : Reaction Products 5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of entry: Inhalation, Ingestion, Skin and Eyes Effects of Exposure / Symptoms: Inhalation:Can cause nausea, dizziness, a sense of suffocation, increased respiration rate, vomiting, pallor, muscular twitching, headache, dyspnoea, cyanosis, delirium and collapse. The urine is green or browinsh green. Eyes: Can cause immediate irritation and may result in ulceration of the cornea. Skin: Causes dermatitis. Emergency Treatment : Inhalation: Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid. Skin: Get medical aid. Immediately flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately. Do not allow victim to rub or keep eyes closed. Ingestion: If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately. LD50 (oral-rat) mg/kg: 320 mg/kg STEL: LC50 (rat) mg/kg: Odour Threshold: Permissible 2 mg/m3TLV (ACGIH) : 2 mg/m3 Exposure Limit: NFPA Hazard Health Flammability Reactivity Special Signals 21 0 6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective : Avoid contact with solid or dust. Provide respiratory protective unit for the Equipment dust, side covered safety goggles or face shield, rubber hand gloves, protective overclothing and shoes. Handling : Wash thoroughly after handling. Use only in a well ventilated area. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Storage : Keep in cool, dry, area, away from Strong Oxidisers. Keep the containers tightly closed and protect from light. Precautions : 7. EMERGENCY / FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE: Fire Extinguishing Media : Dry chemical powder, foam, water & CO2. Special Procedure : Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards : Dust cloud may explode if ignited in an enclosed area. EXPOSURE: First Aid Measures: Inhalation: Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid. Skin: Get medical aid. Immediately flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally

Hydroquinone Page 2 of 3 lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately. Do not allow victim to rub or keep eyes closed. Ingestion: If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately. Antidotes / Dosages: SPILLS : Steps To Be Taken : Sweep and collect without making dust. Wash the area with water and soap. Waste Disposal Method: Seal all the waste in vapour tight plastic bags for eventual disposal 8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION / REFERENCES

9. MANUFACTURERS / SUPPLIERS DATA NAME OF FIRM : Contact person MAILING ADDRESS : in Emergency : TELEPHONE / TELEX NOS : Local Bodies involved : TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS : Standard Packing : OTHERS : Trem Card Details / Ref : 10. DISCLAIMER Information contained in this material data sheet is believed to be reliable but no representation, guarantee or warranties of any kind are made as to its accuracy, suitability for a particular application or results to be obtained from them. It is up to the manufacturer/ seller to ensure that the information contained in the material safety data sheet is relevant to the product manufactured / handled or sold by him as the case may be. The Government makes no warranties expressed or implied in the respect of the adequacy of this document for any particular purpose. End of document Total No. of Pages: 3

Hydroquinone Page 3 of 3 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS 334 Isopropyl alcohol 1. CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : Isopropyl alcohol Chemical Classification:Flammable, Irritant Trade Name : Synonyms: Isopropanol, 2-Propanol, Dimethyl carbinol, Sec-Propyl alcohol Formula : C3H8O CAS No: 67-63-0 UN No: 1219 Regulated Identification Shipping Name : Isopropyl alcohol Hazchem Code : 2YE Codes / Label :Class 3, Flammable, Irritant Hazardous Waste ID No : 5 HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S. No. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S. No. 1 Isopropyl alcohol 67-63-0 3 2 4 2. PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL DATA Boiling 82.5Physical State: LiquidAppearance: Colourless Pt. °C: Melting - 88.5Vapour Pressure 45.4 mm Hg @ Odour: Alcohol odour Pt °C: @ 35°C mmHg: 25 deg C Vapour 2.1Solubility in 1.00X10+6 @ Others: Miscible with Density(Air =1): water at 30°C 25 deg C chloroform, ether, g/100ml: alcohol. Specific Gravity (Water =1 ): 0.78505 @ 20 deg C/4 deg C pH : Neutral 3. FIRE / EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability : Yes LEL: 2Flash Point °C in OC: 18.5 TDG Flammability: 3UEL: 12.7Flash Point °C in CC: 11.6 Autoignition Temperature °C : 455.5 Explosion sensitivity to impact: Stable Explosion sensitivity to static Electricity: Hazardous Combustion Products : Emits acrid smoke and fumes. Hazardous Polymerization : Will not occur. Combustible Liquid: Yes Explosive Material: No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material: Yes Oxidiser : No Others: Pyrophoric Material: No Organic Peroxide : No 4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability : Stable Incompatibility with : Strong oxidisers other material Reactivity : Reacts vigorously with oxidising materials. Reacts with barium perchlorate to form highly expolsive propyl perchlorates. Violent explosive reaction when heated with isopropoxide + crotonaldehyde.

Isopropyl alcohol Page 1 of 3 Hazardous : Reacts with air to form dangerous peroxides and with oxygen to form Reaction Products dangerously unstable perocides. Reacts with barium perchlorate to form highly explosive propyl perchlorate. 5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of entry: Inhalation, Ingestion, Skin and Eyes Effects of Exposure / Symptoms: Vapours cause mild irritation of eyes and upper repiratory tracts. High concentrations may be anesthetic. Liquid irritates eyes and may cause injury. Harmless to skin. If ingested , causes drunkness and vomitting. Emergency Treatment : Inhalation: Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Skin: Get medical aid if irritation develops or persists. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water. Eyes: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Ingestion: If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately. Induce vomiting by giving one teaspoon of syrup of Ipecac. LD50 (oral-rat) mg/kg: 5045 STEL: 500 ppm (1225 mg/m3) LC50 (rat) mg/kg: Odour Threshold: 90 mg/m3 Permissible 400 ppm (980 mg/m3) TLV (ACGIH) : 400 ppm (980 mg/m3) Exposure Limit: NFPA Hazard Health Flammability Reactivity Special Signals 13 0 6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective : Avoid contact with liquid and vapours. Do not eat or drink at work place. Equipment Providr organic vapour cansister or air suplied mask , face shield rubber hand gloves, apron and shoes. Handling : Wash thoroughly after handling. Wash hands before eating. Use only in a well ventilated area. Use spark-proof tools and explosion proof equipment. Empty containers retain product residue, (liquid and/or vapor), and can be dangerous. Do not get on skin or in eyes. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose empty containers to heat, sparks or open flames. Storage : Store in a well ventillated area , free from heat, flame oxidisers. Keep in air tight containers. Precautions : 7. EMERGENCY / FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE: Fire Extinguishing Media : Alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical powder. Special Procedure : Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards : Flashback along vapour trail may occur. EXPOSURE: First Aid Measures: Inhalation: Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Isopropyl alcohol Page 2 of 3 Skin: Get medical aid if irritation develops or persists. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water. Eyes: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Ingestion: If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately. Induce vomiting by giving one teaspoon of syrup of Ipecac. Antidotes / Dosages: SPILLS : Steps To Be Taken : Shut off leaks if without risk. Contain spillage on sand or earth. Wash the surfaces with water and soap. Waste Disposal Method: Seal all waste in vapour tight plastic bags for eventual disposal. 8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION / REFERENCES

Isopropyl alcohol Page 3 of 3 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS 481 Phenol 1. CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : Phenol Chemical Classification:Toxic Trade Name : Synonyms: Carbolic acid, Monohydroxy benzene, Phenic acid, Phenyl hydroxide Formula : C6H6O CAS No: 108-95-2 UN No: 1671 Regulated Identification Shipping Name : Phenol Hazchem Code : 2X Codes / Label :Class 6.1, Toxic Hazardous Waste ID No : 13 HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S. No. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S. No. 1 Phenol 108-95-2 3 2 4 2. PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL DATA Boiling 181.75Physical State: SolidAppearance: Colorless if pure Pt. °C: Melting 40.91Vapour Pressure 0.35 mm Hg @ Odour: Sweet - tarry odour. Pt °C: @ 35°C mmHg: 25 deg C Vapour 3.24Solubility in 8.28X10+4 mg/l Others: Soluble in alcohol, Density(Air =1): water at 30°C @ 25 deg C chloroform, ether, g/100ml: glycerol, carbon disulfide, volatile and fixed oils, and aqueous alkali hydroxides. Specific Gravity (Water =1 ): 1.071 g/cm3 pH : 6 (aq. soln.) 3. FIRE / EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability : Yes LEL: 1.3Flash Point °C in OC: 85 TDG Flammability: UEL: 9.5Flash Point °C in CC: 79 Autoignition Temperature °C : 715 Explosion sensitivity to impact: Stable Explosion sensitivity to static Electricity: May be ignited by electrostatic discharge. Hazardous Combustion Products : Emits toxic fumes. Unburned vapor is toxic yields flammable vapors when heated, which will form explosive mixtures with air. Hazardous Polymerization : Will not occur. Combustible Liquid: Yes Explosive Material: No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material: Yes Oxidiser : No Others: Pyrophoric Material: No Organic Peroxide : No 4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability : Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

Phenol Page 1 of 3 Incompatibility with : Strong oxidisers, butyl-chloral hydrate, camphor, chloral hydrate, other material diuretin, lead acetate, menthol and naphthalene. Reactivity : Violent reaction with aluminium chloride + nitrobenzene (120°C), sodium nitrate + trifluoro acetic acid, butadiene. Can react with oxidising materials. Hazardous : Reaction Products 5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of entry: Eyes, Skin, Inhalation, Ingestion Effects of Exposure / Symptoms: Inhalation: Causes severe irritation of upper respiratory tract with coughing, burns, breathing difficulty, and possible coma. May be fatal if exposed to high concentrations. Skin: Harmful if absorbed through the skin. Direct skin contact results in white, wrinkled discoloration, followed by severe burns. Phenol solutions may be absorbed through the skin rapidly to cause systemic poisoning and possible death. Eye: Contact with liquid or vapor causes severe burns and possible irreversible eye damage. May cause chemical conjunctivitis and corneal damage. Ingestion: Harmful if swallowed. May cause severe and permanent damage to the digestive tract. May cause central nervous system depression, characterized by excitement, followed by headache, dizziness, drowsiness, and nausea. Emergency Treatment : Inhalation: If the victim shows any ill effects, move him to fresh air area, keep him quiet and warm. If breathing stops, give artificial respiration. Skin: Remove the contaminated clothing under water shower. Wash the affected area with plenty of flowing water and soap for 15 mins. Eyes: Immediately flush with plenty of water. Seek medical aid. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Give milk, egg white or large amounts of water. LD50 (oral-rat) mg/kg: 530 mg/kg STEL: 10 ppm(38 mg/m3) LC50 (rat) mg/kg: Odour Threshold: 0.048 ppm Permissible 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), TLV (ACGIH) : 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), skin Exposure Limit: skin NFPA Hazard Health Flammability Reactivity Special Signals 42 0 6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective : Do not eat or drink at work place. Provide fresh air mask for confined Equipment areas, rubber gloves, protective overclothing, rubber shoes and full face shield. Handling : Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Use only in a well ventilated area. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Empty containers retain product residue, (liquid and/or vapor), and can be dangerous. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid contact with heat, sparks and flame. Do not ingest or inhale. Store protected from light. Discard contaminated shoes. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose empty containers to heat, sparks or open flames. Storage : Store in a well ventilated area, away from heat and flame. Outdoor storage is preferred. Precautions : Avoid contact with the material. 7. EMERGENCY / FIRST AID MEASURES

Phenol Page 2 of 3 FIRE: Fire Extinguishing Media : Alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical powder and water spray. Special Procedure : Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Unusual Hazards : Vapours form explosive mixture with air. EXPOSURE: First Aid Measures: Inhalation: If the victim shows any ill effects, move him to fresh air area, keep him quiet and warm. If breathing stops, give artificial respiration. Skin: Remove the contaminated clothing under water shower. Wash the affected area with plenty of flowing water and soap for 15 mins. Eyes: Immediately flush with plenty of water. Seek medical aid. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Give milk, egg white or large amounts of water. Antidotes / Dosages: SPILLS : Steps To Be Taken : Sweep up spilled substance, carefully collect remainder. Wash the surface with soap and water. Absorb spill with inert material, (e.g., dry sand or earth), then place into a chemical waste container. Waste Disposal Method: Seal all waste in vapour tight plastic bags for eventual disposal. 8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION / REFERENCES Physical description: White crystalline mass of hygroscopic, translucent needle-shaped crystals; pink or red when impurities are present; darkens on exposure to light. Absorption of phenolic solution through the skin may be very rapid, can cause death in a few minutes to several hours by exposure of as little as 64 square inches of skin. Lesser exposure may cause damage to kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen, lungs. Causes corrosion of lips, mouth, throat. Ingestion of 15 gms. may be fatal. Potentially explosive reaction with aluminium chloride + nitromethane (110 deg C / 110 Bar), formaldehyde, peroxydisulfuric acid. 9. MANUFACTURERS / SUPPLIERS DATA NAME OF FIRM : Contact person MAILING ADDRESS : in Emergency : TELEPHONE / TELEX NOS : Local Bodies involved : TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS : Standard Packing : OTHERS : Trem Card Details / Ref : 10. DISCLAIMER Information contained in this material data sheet is believed to be reliable but no representation, guarantee or warranties of any kind are made as to its accuracy, suitability for a particular application or results to be obtained from them. It is up to the manufacturer/ seller to ensure that the information contained in the material safety data sheet is relevant to the product manufactured / handled or sold by him as the case may be. The Government makes no warranties expressed or implied in the respect of the adequacy of this document for any particular purpose. End of document Total No. of Pages: 3

Phenol Page 3 of 3 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS 591 Sulphuric acid 1. CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : Sulphuric acid Chemical Classification:Corrosive Trade Name : Synonyms: Oil of vitriol, Battery acid, Chamber acid, Spent sulphuric acid Formula : H2SO4 CAS No: 7664-93-9 UN No: 1830 Regulated Identification Shipping Name : Sulphuric acid Hazchem Code : 2P Codes / Label :Class 8, Corrosive Hazardous Waste ID No : 16 HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S. No. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S. No. 1 Sulphuric acid 7664-93-9 3 2 4 2. PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL DATA Boiling about 290Physical State: LiquidAppearance: Colorless to dark Pt. °C: brown, oily liquid Melting 10.31Vapour Pressure 5.93X10-5 mm Odour: Odourless, choking Pt °C: @ 35°C mmHg: Hg at 25 deg C odour when hot. Vapour 3.4Solubility in Miscible Others: Miscible with alcohol Density(Air =1): water at 30°C g/100ml: Specific Gravity (Water =1 ): 1.8 g/cm3 pH : 1 N sol= 0.3, 0.1 N sol= 1.2, 0.01 N sol= 2.1 3. FIRE / EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability : No LEL: Flash Point °C in OC: TDG Flammability: UEL: Flash Point °C in CC: Autoignition Temperature °C : Explosion sensitivity to impact: Stable Explosion sensitivity to static Electricity: Stable Hazardous Combustion Products : Emits toxic fumes of SOx. Hazardous Polymerization : Will not occur. Combustible Liquid: No Explosive Material: No Corrosive Material Yes Flammable Material: No Oxidiser : Yes Others: Pyrophoric Material: No Organic Peroxide : No 4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability : Stable Incompatibility with : Organic chlorates, carbides, fulminates, picrates, metals other material Reactivity : Powerful acidic oxidiser, ignites or explodes on contact with many materials like acetic acid, acetone cyanohydrin, (acetone + HNO3), Sulphuric acid Page 1 of 3 (acetone + K2CR2O7), acetonitrile, acrolein, acrylonitrile. Hazardous : Reacts with many metals to form flammable hydrogen gas which forms Reaction Products explosive mixtures with air. Reacts with water to produce heat and toxic and corrosive fumes. 5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of entry: Inhalation, Ingestion, Eyes and Skin Effects of Exposure / Symptoms: Inhalation of vapour from hot cone, acid may cause injury to lungs. Swallowing may cause injury or death. Contact with skin or eyes causes severe burns. Very dilute solution. causes dermatitis. Exposure causes bronchitis. Emergency Treatment : Inhalation: Observe victim for delayed pulmonary reaction. Move him to fresh air. Give artificial respiration. Skin: Remove clothes and shoes. Do not use oil or ointment. Flush affected area with plenty of water. Eyes: Wash with plenty of water for 15 mins. Ingestion: Give plenty of water to drink, do not induce vomiting. Seek medical aid. LD50 (oral-rat) mg/kg: 2140 mg/kg STEL: LC50 (rat) mg/kg: 347 ppm/1 hr. Odour Threshold: 1.0 mg/m3 Permissible 1 mg/m3 TLV (ACGIH) : 0.2 mg/m3 Exposure Limit: NFPA Hazard Health Flammability Reactivity Special Signals 30 2W 6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective : Do not eat or drink at work place. Provide safety shower, eye wash Equipment basin, safety goggles /face shield, respirator (self-contained or air-line), rubber shoes, rubber gloves, rubber apron. Handling : Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Do not ingest or inhale. Do not allow contact with water. Use only in a chemical fume hood. Discard contaminated shoes. Keep from contact with moist air and steam. Storage : Do not store near combustible materials. Keep container closed when not in use. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Keep away from water. Corrosives area. Do not store near alkaline substances. Store protected from moisture. Precautions : Avoid contact with the material 7. EMERGENCY / FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE: Fire Extinguishing Media : Dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Do not use water. Special Procedure : Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards : Poisonous gas may be produced. EXPOSURE: First Aid Measures: Inhalation: Observe victim for delayed pulmonary reaction. Move him to fresh air. Give artificial respiration. Skin: Remove clothes and shoes. Do not use oil or ointment. Flush affected area with

Sulphuric acid Page 2 of 3 plenty of water. Eyes: Wash with plenty of water for 15 mins. Ingestion: Give plenty of water to drink, do not induce vomiting. Seek medical aid. Antidotes / Dosages: SPILLS : Steps To Be Taken : Shut off leaks if without risk. Contain leaking liquid on sand or earth. Do not absorb on sawdust or other combustibles. Waste Disposal Method: 8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION / REFERENCES Sensitivities to sulphuric acid mists or vapours vary with individuals. Contact with water creates violent reaction generating much heat and splattering of hot acid. Attacks many metals, liberating hydrogen which is inflammable and forms explosive mixture with air. 9. MANUFACTURERS / SUPPLIERS DATA NAME OF FIRM : Contact person MAILING ADDRESS : in Emergency : TELEPHONE / TELEX NOS : Local Bodies involved : TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS : Standard Packing : OTHERS : Trem Card Details / Ref : 10. DISCLAIMER Information contained in this material data sheet is believed to be reliable but no representation, guarantee or warranties of any kind are made as to its accuracy, suitability for a particular application or results to be obtained from them. It is up to the manufacturer/ seller to ensure that the information contained in the material safety data sheet is relevant to the product manufactured / handled or sold by him as the case may be. The Government makes no warranties expressed or implied in the respect of the adequacy of this document for any particular purpose. End of document Total No. of Pages: 3

Sulphuric acid Page 3 of 3 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS 596 tert-Butyl alcohol 1. CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : tert-Butyl alcohol Chemical Classification:Flammable Trade Name : Synonyms: 2-Methyl-2-propanol, tert-Butanol, Trimethyl carbinol, 2-Methylpropan-2-ol Formula : C4H10O CAS No: 75-65-0 UN No: 1120 Regulated Identification Shipping Name : Hazchem Code : 2Y Codes / Label :Class 3, Flammable Hazardous Waste ID No : HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S. No. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S. No. 1 tert-Butyl alcohol 75-65-0 3 2 4 2. PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL DATA Boiling 82.41Physical State: Liquid / SolidAppearance: A colourless liquid, Pt. °C: which forms rhombic crystals melting @ 25 to 25.5 deg C. Melting 25.7Vapour Pressure 40.7 mm Hg @ Odour: Camphor-like odour Pt °C: @ 35°C mmHg: 25 deg C Vapour 2.55Solubility in 1X10+6 mg/l @ Others: Miscible in esters, Density(Air =1): water at 30°C 25 deg C aromatic and g/100ml: aliphatic hydrocarbons. Specific Gravity (Water =1 ): 0.78581 (20 deg C/4 deg C) pH : 3. FIRE / EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability : LEL: 2.4Flash Point °C in OC: 11 TDG Flammability: UEL: 8 Flash Point °C in CC: Autoignition Temperature °C : 478 Explosion sensitivity to impact: Explosion sensitivity to static Electricity: Hazardous Combustion Products : Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Hazardous Polymerization : Combustible Liquid: Explosive Material: Corrosive Material Flammable Material: Oxidiser : Others: Pyrophoric Material: Organic Peroxide : 4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability : Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and handling conditions.

tert-Butyl alcohol Page 1 of 4 Incompatibility with : Strong oxidizing agents. other material Reactivity : Hazardous : Carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fumes and gases, carbon dioxide. Reaction Products 5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of entry: Inhalation, Ingestion, Skin and Eyes Effects of Exposure / Symptoms: Inhalation : Inhalation of high concentrations may cause central nervous system effects characterized by headache, dizziness, unconsciousness and coma. Causes respiratory tract irritation. May cause liver and kidney damage. May cause lung damage. Aspiration may lead to pulmonary edema. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. May cause blood changes. May cause burning sensation in the chest. Ingestion : May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. May cause liver and kidney damage. May cause central nervous system depression, characterized by excitement, followed by headache, dizziness, drowsiness, and nausea. Advanced stages may cause collapse, unconsciousness, coma and possible death due to respiratory failure. Heavy exposure may cause irritation of the eyes, nose and throat; headache; nausea; fatigue; and dizziness. Skin : Causes skin irritation. May be absorbed through the skin in harmful amounts. Prolonged and/or repeated contact may cause defatting of the skin and dermatitis. May cause cyanosis of the extremities. Eye : Causes eye irritation. May cause chemical conjunctivitis and corneal damage. Emergency Treatment : Inhalation: Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid. Do not use mouth- to-mouth respiration. Skin: Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical aid if irritation develops or persists. Wash clothing before reuse. Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid. Do not allow victim to rub or keep eyes closed. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Get medical aid immediately. LD50 (oral-rat) mg/kg: STEL: LC50 (rat) mg/kg: Odour Threshold: 219 mg/m3 Permissible 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) TLV (ACGIH) : Exposure Limit: NFPA Hazard Health Flammability Reactivity Special Signals 13 0 6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective : Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety Equipment goggles as described by OSHA s eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure. Handling : Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Use only in a well ventilated area. Ground and bond containers when transferring material. Use spark-proof tools and explosion proof equipment. Empty containers retain product residue,

tert-Butyl alcohol Page 2 of 4 (liquid and/or vapor), and can be dangerous. Avoid contact with heat, sparks and flame. Do not get on skin or in eyes. Do not ingest or inhale. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose empty containers to heat, sparks or open flames. Storage : Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Keep away from sources of ignition. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Flammables-area. Precautions : 7. EMERGENCY / FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE: Fire Extinguishing Media : Special Procedure : Unusual Hazards : EXPOSURE: First Aid Measures: Inhalation: Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid. Do not use mouth- to-mouth respiration. Skin: Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical aid if irritation develops or persists. Wash clothing before reuse. Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid. Do not allow victim to rub or keep eyes closed. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Get medical aid immediately. Antidotes / Dosages: SPILLS : Steps To Be Taken : Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways. Clean up spills immediately, using the appropriate protective equipment. Absorb spill using an absorbent, non-combustible material such as earth, sand, or vermiculite. Waste Disposal Method: 8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION / REFERENCES

Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification

Product Name: Xylenes Contact Information: Catalog Codes: SLX1075, SLX1129, SLX1042, SLX1096 Sciencelab.com, Inc. 14025 Smith Rd. CAS#: 1330-20-7 Houston, Texas 77396 RTECS: ZE2100000 US Sales: 1-800-901-7247 International Sales: 1-281-441-4400 TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Xylenes Order Online: ScienceLab.com CI#: Not available. CHEMTREC (24HR Emergency Telephone), call: Synonym: Xylenes; Dimethylbenzene; xylol; 1-800-424-9300 methyltoluene International CHEMTREC, call: 1-703-527-3887 Chemical Name: Xylenes (o-, m-, p- isomers) For non-emergency assistance, call: 1-281-441-4400 Chemical Formula: C6H4(CH3)2

Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients

Composition:

Name CAS # % by Weight Xylenes 1330-20-7 100

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Xylenes: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 4300 mg/kg [Rat]. 2119 mg/kg [Mouse]. DERMAL (LD50): Acute: >1700 mg/kg [Rabbit].

Section 3: Hazards Identification

Potential Acute Health Effects: Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Potential Chronic Health Effects: CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: 3 (Not classifiable for human.) by IARC. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance may be toxic to blood, kidneys, liver, mucous membranes, bone marrow, central nervous system (CNS). Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage.

Section 4: First Aid Measures

Eye Contact:

p. 1 Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention. Skin Contact: In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention. Serious Skin Contact: Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate medical attention. Inhalation: If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention if symptoms appear. Serious Inhalation: Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Seek medical attention. Ingestion: Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get medical attention if symptoms appear. Serious Ingestion: Not available.

Section 5: Fire and Explosion Data

Flammability of the Product: Flammable. Auto-Ignition Temperature: 464°C (867.2°F) Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: 24°C (75.2°F). (Tagliabue.) OPEN CUP: 37.8°C (100°F). Flammable Limits: LOWER: 1% UPPER: 7% Products of Combustion: These products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2). Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Highly flammable in presence of open flames and sparks, of heat. Non-flammable in presence of shocks. Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Slightly explosive in presence of open flames and sparks, of heat. Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: Flammable liquid, soluble or dispersed in water. SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder. LARGE FIRE: Use alcohol foam, water spray or fog. Cool containing vessels with water jet in order to prevent pressure build-up, autoignition or explosion. Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards: Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Containers may explode when heated. May polymerize explosively when heated. An attempt to chlorinate xylene with 1,3-Dichloro-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidindione (dichlorohydrantoin) caused a violent explosion

Section 6: Accidental Release Measures

p. 2 areas; dike if needed. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.

Section 7: Handling and Storage

Precautions: Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Wear suitable protective clothing. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, acids. Storage: Store in a segregated and approved area. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Keep container tightly closed and sealed until ready for use. Avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame).

Section 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Engineering Controls: Provide exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to keep the airborne concentrations of vapors below their respective threshold limit value. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are proximal to the work-station location. Personal Protection: Splash goggles. Lab coat. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves. Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill: Splash goggles. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used to avoid inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling this product. Exposure Limits: TWA: 100 (ppm) [Canada] TWA: 435 (mg/m3) [Canada] TWA: 434 STEL: 651 (mg/m3) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] TWA: 100 STEL: 150 (ppm) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.

Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical state and appearance: Liquid. Odor: Sweetish. Taste: Not available. Molecular Weight: 106.17 g/mole Color: Colorless. Clear pH (1% soln/water): Not available. Boiling Point: 138.5°C (281.3°F) Melting Point: -47.4°C (-53.3°F) Critical Temperature: Not available. Specific Gravity: 0.864 (Water = 1) Vapor Pressure: 0.9 kPa (@ 20°C) Vapor Density: 3.7 (Air = 1) Volatility: Not available. Odor Threshold: 1 ppm

p. 3 Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: The product is more soluble in oil; log(oil/water) = 3.1 Ionicity (in Water): Not available. Dispersion Properties: Not available. Solubility: Insoluble in cold water, hot water. Miscible with absolute alcohol, ether, and many other organic liquids.

Section 10: Stability and Reactivity Data

Stability: The product is stable. Instability Temperature: Not available. Conditions of Instability: Heat, ignition sources, incompatibles Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with oxidizing agents, acids. Corrosivity: Non-corrosive in presence of glass. Special Remarks on Reactivity: Store away from acetic acid, nitric acid, chlorine, bromine, and fluorine. Special Remarks on Corrosivity: Not available. Polymerization: Will not occur.

Section 11: Toxicological Information

Routes of Entry: Absorbed through skin. Dermal contact. Eye contact. Inhalation. Toxicity to Animals: WARNING: THE LC50 VALUES HEREUNDER ARE ESTIMATED ON THE BASIS OF A 4-HOUR EXPOSURE. Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 2119 mg/kg [Mouse]. Acute dermal toxicity (LD50): >1700 mg/kg [Rabbit]. Acute toxicity of the vapor (LC50): 5000 4 hours [Rat]. Chronic Effects on Humans: CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: 3 (Not classifiable for human.) by IARC. May cause damage to the following organs: blood, kidneys, liver, mucous membranes, bone marrow, central nervous system (CNS). Other Toxic Effects on Humans: Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of ingestion, of inhalation. Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals: Lowest Lethal Dose: LDL [Human] - Route: Oral; Dose: 50 mg/kg LCL [Man] - Route: Oral; Dose: 10000 ppm/6H Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: Detected in maternal milk in human. Passes through the placental barrier in animal. Embryotoxic and/or foetotoxic in animal. May cause adverse reproductive effects (male and femael fertility (spontaneous abortion and fetotoxicity)) and birth defects based animal data. Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans: Acute Potential Health Effects: Skin: Causes skin irritation. Can be absorbed through skin. Eyes: Causes eye irritation. Inhalation: Vapor causes respiratory tract and mucous membrane irritation. May affect central nervous system and behavior (General anesthetic/CNS depressant with effects including headache, weakness, memory loss, irritability, dizziness, giddiness, loss of coordination and judgement, respiratory depression/arrest or difficulty breathing, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, shivering, and possible coma and death). May also affects blood, sense organs, liver, and peripheral nerves. Ingestion: May cause gastrointestinal irritation including abdominal pain, vomiting, and nausea. May also affect liver and urinary system/ kidneys. May cause effects similar to those of acute inhalation. Chronic Potential Health Effects: Chronic inhalation may affect the urinary system (kidneys) blood (anemia), bone marrow (hyperplasia of bone marrow) brain/behavior/Central Nervous system. Chronic inhalation may alsocause mucosal bleeding. Chronic ingestion may affect the liver and metabolism (loss of appetite) and may affect urinary system (kidney damage)

p. 4 Section 12: Ecological Information

Section 13: Disposal Considerations

Waste Disposal: Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations.

Section 14: Transport Information

DOT Classification: CLASS 3: Flammable liquid. Identification: : Xylenes UNNA: 1307 PG: III Special Provisions for Transport: Not available.

Section 15: Other Regulatory Information

Federal and State Regulations: Connecticut hazardous material survey.: Xylenes Illinois chemical safety act: Xylenes New York acutely hazardous substances: Xylenes Rhode Island RTK hazardous substances: Xylenes Pennsylvania RTK: Xylenes Minnesota: Xylenes Michigan critical material: Xylenes Massachusetts RTK: Xylenes Massachusetts spill list: Xylenes New Jersey: Xylenes New Jersey spill list: Xylenes Louisiana spill reporting: Xylenes California Director's List of Hazardous Substances: Xylenes TSCA 8(b) inventory: Xylenes SARA 302/304/311/312 hazardous chemicals: Xylenes SARA 313 toxic chemical notification and release reporting: Xylenes CERCLA: Hazardous substances.: Xylenes: 100 lbs. (45.36 kg) Other Regulations: OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). EINECS: This product is on the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. Other Classifications: WHMIS (Canada): CLASS B-2: Flammable liquid with a flash point lower than 37.8°C (100°F). CLASS D-2A: Material causing other toxic effects (VERY TOXIC). DSCL (EEC): R10- Flammable. R21- Harmful in contact with skin. R36/38- Irritating to eyes and skin. S2- Keep out of the reach of children. S36/37- Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S46- If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. HMIS (U.S.A.): Health Hazard: 2 Fire Hazard: 3 Reactivity: 0 Personal Protection: h

p. 5 National Fire Protection Association (U.S.A.): Health: 2 Flammability: 3 Reactivity: 0 Specific hazard: Protective Equipment: Gloves. Lab coat. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wear appropriate respirator when ventilation is inadequate. Splash goggles.

Section 16: Other Information

References: Not available. Other Special Considerations: Not available. Created: 10/11/2005 12:54 PM Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM

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