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SUMMARY CHAPTER 3: 3.4.6 Spatial development concept: Regional

THE MUNICIPAL SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT

Section Component Guidelines / Proposals • Triangular road network Botrivier – – Worcester

3.33.33.3 Vision, Goals and Objectives GGGoalGoal 11:: Promote interinter----municipalmunicipal coco----ordinationordination to support • The north-south link Worcester – Botrivier – sustainable use of natural resources.

Goal 2: Apply the bioregional planning model’s spatial • The east-west corridor – Botrivier – Caledon planning

categories ((SPC’sSPC’sSPC’s)) to promote sustainable developmentdevelopment.... • Industrial nodes Botrivier

Goal 3: Rationalise the role and function of nodes and

sssettlementssettlementsettlements.... • Agricultural and rural New technologies, rail transport, water resources development

Goal 4: Promote spatial restructuring ththroughrough the appropriate 3.4.5 Spatial development concept: Local supply and location of housing.

Goal 5: Support rural development at nodes with • Priority fixed investment nodes Caledon, Grabouw, development

potential. • Human resource development Villiersdorp, Grabouw

Goal 6: Develop guidelines for monitoring of heritage.

• Rural development 4 special management areas (RDA’s)

3.4.3 Spatial Planning Principles NSDP; Planning principles

• Tourism nodes and

3.4.4 Spatial Structuring informants (local and regional) • Tourism routes Shaw’s pass; ; Steam train

• Nodes High human need; High development potential

• Economic development Comparative and competitive advantages

• Linkages Rail and route • Green industries Wind farms

• Edges Mountains and protected areas

• Landmarks Various: dams; heritage; resorts, etc.

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CHAPTER 3 THE MUNICIPAL SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT

3.13.13.1 BACKGROUND (REFER FIGURE 3.1)))

The establishment of a Vision, Goals, Objectives andand PPPrinciples Principles is imperative to provide direction to the planning effort. In order to prioritise objectives and to consider how far they are reconcilable with each other, it is critical to identify what needs to be achieved. The principles, goals and objectives are central to realising the vision and addressing the issues of concern. In essence, they provide the foundation to attain the spatial vision for Theewaterskloof Municipality and for guiding all spatial planning initiatives for the municipal area. FFFIGURE 3.1: PPP ROCESS TO SYNTHESISE ISSUES INTO A SPATIASPATIALL DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTCONCEPT T

3.23.23.2 KEY SPATIAL CHALLENGES / ISSUES The concepts used to explain and which relates to the vision are:

A range of key high level issues and challenges have been identified, the main areas of Principles: “Universal truths” that underpin all action; concern relating to the following: Vision: “Statement of intent” of how the region could and should function optimally;

Goals: “Statements of ambition” – they are essentially general and highly abstract;  What needs to be protected?: Protection of natural and heritage resources including Objectives: “Statements of ambition”, related to the goals, providing more detailed the identification of sensitive landscapes, natural and protected environments, information of protection of water resources, land use management, drainage catchments and what is to be achieved; protection of unique agricultural soils. StStStrategies:Strategies: These are sets of actions or tasks to be undertaken in order to achieve the  Urban restructuring and upgrading: Re-directing growth to growth centres / leader implementation of the objectives. towns and the implementation of a co-ordinated growth and development strategy. Policies: Public policy indicates a framework for moving from point of departure (issues  New development areas: Establishing the need for development within rural identified) towards a common destination settlements to improve access to services and the identification of opportunities for n (i.e. a shared vision); rural growth and development.

3.33.33.3 THE SPATIAL VISION AND OVERARCHING GOALGOALSS AND OBJECTIVOBJECTIVESESESES

The spatial concept for the municipality is founded on the aforementioned principles and is presented as a schematic indication of the broad based vision for spatial development.

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and the images that it creates of the desired spatial development form are not static nor are A VISION: these images without contestation.

 Provides a point of departure for a desired future; The vision statement formulated as a product of a normative approach, distinguished itself from conventional planning, in that it focuses not only on the direction of CHANGE (where we  Reflect the aims of the study, together with the concerns andand opportunities identified in want to go), but also WHY these changes and outcomes are desirable and conversely, what the analysis of the study area; factors may block such changes.

 Provides the basis on which principles, goals, objectives and strategies are formulated; The following goal statements (Goal 1 - 5) are statements of ambition on HHHowHow to achieve the direction of change while the objectives provide an indication of the intended outcomeoutcomessss of  Is informed by principles, goals and spatial guideguidelineslines these ambitions.

The spatial vision is also informed amongst other, by the: THEME NO 1: THE DISTRICT

 Vision statement according to the 3rd Generation IDP GOAL: Promote interinter----municipalmunicipal coco----ordinationordination to support sustainable use of natural reresourcessources and infrastructureinfrastructure.... “““To“To ensure and prespreserveerve the the heritage heritage and and natural natural res resourcesources within within the the region,region, create create OBJECTIVES and develop a safe, healthy, crime free, economical ly stable and viable environmentenvironment for allallall”all””” 1. Manage and protect water resources, catchment areas and dams. 2. Improve under utilised public transport infrastructure. 3. Develop a regional tourism and marketing strategy.  Vision statement according to the LED strategy 4. Implement the proposals of the Area Based Land Reform Plan (ABP) for the municipality.

“A prosperous economy that: Sustains the naturanaturall environmentenvironment and agricultural

character of the area; THEME NO 222:2: BIOREGIONAL PLANNING

Creates opportunities and meets the needs of all residents;

and enables a financially viable Municipality”. GOAL: Apply the bioregional planning model’s spatial planning categories (SPC’s) to promote sustainable development.  Vision statement according to the Theewaterskloof 2030 Green light Vision: OBJECTIVES “““In“In 2030 TWK wiwillll be be a a desirabledesirable placeplace toto live,live, workwork && visit;visit; aa highhigh qualquali ityty sustainablesustainable country environment and a connected and creative community” 1. Formalising land use planning and management to give practical effect to environmental integrity, human well-being and economic efficiency.

The vision for the Spatial Development Framework of the Theewaterskloof Municipality is:

TTToTo direct development towards uuurban urban areas and rural locations with opportunity forfor economic growth and development. The spatial vision is to optimise development opportunities within transport corridors and to exploit tourism and agricultural development within selected locations.

The “formulation” of a shared vision (image) of the desired future for the municipality – a vision that is worth striving for – is not a once-off event. The vision statement

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THEME NO 3: ROLE AND FUNCTION OF TOWNS AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS OBJECTIVES

1. Earmark all heritage precincts (as proposed in Volume 1 of the SDF and amended) as Urban Conservation Areas. GOAL: 2. Adopt the proposed Heritage Guidelines and Policies in order to protect urban and rural heritage resources from Rationalise the role and function of nodes and settlements. inappropriate development.

OBJECTIVES

1. Allocate functions towards the urban nodes consistent with the identified hierarchy of the node. 2. Integrate the LED strategy with the spatial development strategy. 3. Correlate land use requirements with the role and function of urban nodes. 3.43.43.4 OOOVERARCHINGOVERARCHING DEVELOPMEDEVELOPMENTNT CONCEPT

3.4.1 Introduction

The spatial planning concept and development principles contained herein, will provide THEME NO 4: HUMAN SETTLEMENTSETTLEMENTSSSS the context for the overall spatial structure and the broad development principles which are required to ensure appropriate forms of settlement, growth, urban development and GOAL: land utilisation in Theewaterskloof municipal area as a whole. Promote spatial restructuring through the appropriate supply and location of housing.

OBJECTIVES The objectives of the spatial planning concept and the development principlesprinciples are the following: 1. Timeously predict the housing needs (demand).

2. Apply sustainability criteria as a measure of selecting desirable housing locations (supply). 3. Facilitate spatial restructuring (i.e. integration) through the identification of well located land (supply). • To provide spatial definition to the vision and strategic priorities of the 4. Demarcate urban restructuring zones to facilitate inclusionary housing (supply). municipality.

• To identify strategic priority areas for public / private sector investments.

• To establish a spatial framework to assist decision makers in addressing THEME NO 555:5: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT development initiatives, concerns, problems and opportunities based on sound planning principles. GOAL: • To provide strong direction to developers and other private sector initiatives. Support rural development at nodes with development potential. To provide clear strategic policy direction and prioritization of local level priority • local level OBJECTIVES planning areas.

1. Identify the most desirable rural locations for various land use categories to support sustainable development. 2. Identify rural Special Management Areas (RDA’s) that have the potential to grow and to support rural communities. 3.4.2 NSDP Principles 3. Develop outspans according to its resource potential. 4. Identify opportunities for growth in the forestry sector. 5. Support land reform as a catalyst for rural development. The National Spatial Development Perspective (NSDP) requires that public investment must distinguish between fixed investment and social investment. Fixed investment should be directed towards settlements with high potential for sustainable economic

THEME NO 6: HERITAGE growth as well as have significant social needs and attract the bulk of migrants. Those

settlements with low potential economic growth should concentrate on social

GOAL: investment i.e. programs such as human resource development, labour market Develop guidelines for monitoring of heritage. intelligence and social transfers so as to provide people with the necessary resources to successfully move to areas with greater economic potential. Within this context of the

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Provincial Spatial Development Framework, strategic priority areas for economic (iv) Basic services to all residents intervention for the Overberg District were identified and include: Government has a constitutional obligation to provide basic services to all citizens (e.g. (i)(i)(i) Localities with potential to grow water, energy, health and education). This requirement applies irrespective of the aforementioned categorisation. To achieve the overarching objectives of the NSDP, fixed investment should be prioritised within towns which already have some economic success and are more likely (v)(v)(v) Channel development into activity corridors and major growth nodes to grow. The towns of Caledon, Grabouw and Villiersdorp are therefore proposed as priority areas. The benefits of this investment strategy would be to: To overcome the spatial distortions of apartheid, it is proposed that future settlement and economic development opportunities should be channelled into activity corridors • Gear up private sector investment and nodes that are adjacent to or link the main growth centres. The regional movement • Stimulate sustainable economic activities corridor (refer paragraph 2.3.3) along the N2, therefore provides further impetus for • Create long-term employment opportunities priority fixed investment in Grabouw, Botrivier and Caledon as the major nodes along the road and rail based transport corridor. Similarly development within rural areas (ii)(ii)(ii) Focus on people, not places should be directed to rural activity routes and rural development nodes in order to stimulate development in rural areas located 10 – 15 km from towns and where a high In localities where there are high levels of poverty and development potential, concentration rural population resides. investment should include fixed capital investment beyond basic services to exploit the potential of those localities. The towns of Grabouw and Villiersdorp meet these criteria. (vi) Applying NSDP principles to Theewaterskloof

When these principles are applied to all the towns and categorised as indicted in Table (iii) Focus on human resource development 3.1, 3.1 the towns which meets the criteria for fixed investment and located on the transport corridors (Refer Section 2.5) in order of priority are: In towns with low development potential, government spending should focus on providing social transfers, human resource development and labour market intelligence • Grabouw which would enable people to become more likely to provide sustainable employment • Caledon or other economic opportunities. The towns for this category of investment are: • Villiersdorp

• Botrivier Although Botrivier has been categorized as a settlement with low development potential • Genadendal and high human need, its strategic location on both the north-south and east-west • Riviersonderend transport corridors, warrant its categorisation as a potential fixed investment node.

HumHumanan resource Fixed investment Basic services Located on interinter---- development regional transport corridor routes (N2)

Caledon X X X Grabouw X X X X Villiersdorp X X X Botrivier X X X X

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Riviersonderend X X The diversity, health and productivity of natural eco-system and biodiversity, Genadendal X X throughout the rural, urban and agricultural areas should be maintained through Greyton X X TTTABLE 3.1: AAA PPLYING THE NSDP PRINCIPLES TO TOWNS IN TTTINHEEWATERSKLOOF an interlinked web of managed natural areas and ecological corridors so as to ensure the protection of important and sensitive habitats.

3.4.3 General ssspatialspatial ppplanningplanning ppprinciplesprinciples (v)(v)(v) AgriAgriculturalcultural enhancement

The methodology used in the compilation of the overarching spatial planning concept Identify and protect prime and unique agricultural areas from non-soil based land for the area has been informed by a number of spatial planning principles which use activities. should, on an ongoing basis, underpin the municipality’s approach for the integrated spatial management of land use and economic development within its jurisdictional (vi) Strategic locational advantage area. These principles being: The diversification of industrial and agricultural based economic development (i)(i)(i) An overarching spatial development strategy based on a clear hierarchy of nodes must be based on proven locational and comparative resource advantages. Such and settlements development opportunities should be strategically promoted in locations to maximise opportunities for spatial integration and the stimulation of economic Ideally, development should be guided by an overarching, hierarchical, spatial growth and employment opportunities. development pattern of nodes and settlements. The hierarchy of development patterns should be clearly defined and based upon empirically determined growth 3.4.4 Spatial StStructuringructuring informants: District ––– level (refer Plan 3.3.1)1) 1) potential, the principles of comparative advantage and sustainable development theory. To contextualise Theewaterskloof municipality within the region, two District Council areas and the Metro City of were included in the analysis as they are located (ii)(ii)(ii) Containment and directed growth within a 100km radius from Caledon, namely:

The growth of urban nodes and rural / agricultural settlements should be strictly DC2; Cape Winelands contained and strategically directed within well-defined boundaries to ensure DC3; Overberg maximum economic, environmental and social returns at both the local and The spatial development concept (section 3.4.6 and 3.4.7) is informed by the following regional level. structuring elements (fixes) identified and as indicated on Figure 3.2 and Plan 3.3.1111. 3....

(iii) Compaction and densification

Growth should be managed so as to ensure that development pressures are, wherever possible, directed and absorbed within the defined urban areas. Appropriate densification specific to each urban area must be encouraged to limit unwanted sprawl into the rural hinterland.

(iv) Ecological integrity

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Structuring CompComponentonent Description Structuring CompComponentonent Description element element

(i) Nodes • Fixed infrastructure According to the PSDF, settlements which show high economic growth potential and have population thresholds should be investment nodes prioritized as locations for fixed infrastructure investment

(Policy HR 14). The nodes identified are:

DC2: Cape Winelands DC3: Overberg

Ceres De Doorns Grabouw Franschhoek Hermanus

Paarl

Robertson Onrus

Stellenbosch Swellendam

Tulbagh Villiersdorp

Wellington

Wolseley

Worcester

Although it’s identification in the PSDF was done with a view to identify strategic infrastructure investment priorities, the locational significance of these settlements relative to the • Human resource Theewaterskloof municipality and Caledon are that they provide a broad indication of potential economic linkages and development markets for products and services. It also provides an indication of the relative importance of Caledon as the highest order town in the Theewaterskloof municipality.

Towns where human resource development and basic services (population < 5000) should be prioritized according to the PSDF are:

DC2: Cape Winelands DC3: Overberg

Klapmuts Botrivier Genadendal Riviersonderend Napier Elim Note: Population < 5000

The significance of the distribution of these towns, are that they provide an indication of settlements of high human need which requires basic service investment and investment in education, health, entrepreneurial development, life skills, business and technical training (people rather than places). Of the 7 (seven) towns identified in DC3, 3 (three) are located

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Structuring CompComponentonent Description Structuring CompComponentonent Description element element

in Theewaterskloof municipality, emphasising the level of (iv) Landmarks • Features (natural and Landmarks are identified as those features that stand out or poverty that prevails within the municipality. are visible from a distance in the landscape or destinations man-made) that are of particular significance. Many landmark tourism,

(ii) Linkages • National Transport The N2 from Grabouw in the west to Caledon in the east is heritage and landscape features / places exist, but the most regarded as a road and rail transport corridor, providing ideal important landmarks of a provincial, national or even (road and rail) corridor access for the transport of goods and services between the international significance are: (N2) Metro region, the Overberg and the Southern Cape.

• Kogelberg Biosphere reserve (Internationally

The N2-route from Caledon to Riviersonderend, although not recognized protected environment) • National (road) corridor supported by rail, provides an essential linkage to the • Theewaterskloof dam (Provincial resort)

(N2) municipalities of Swellendam, Hessequa and Eastern District • R62 (Provincial significant and popular tourist route to the Southern Cape) areas. • Genadendal and Elim (Provincial and national • Regional Transport link heritage settlements)

Regional transport linkages provide essential connections to • Onrus and Hermanus (Provincial and regional surrounding towns, particularly to nodes identified as Priority popular coastal resort towns) Fixed Investment nodes. High order regional transport roads that contributes towards the accessibility of towns in the Theewaterskloof municipality, are:

- R62 (Ceres – Worcester – Robertson – Swellendam) 3.4.5 Spatial structuring informants: Local ––– level (Refer Plan 3.23.2)))) - (Worcester – Villiersdorp – Botrivier – Hermanus) - R44 (Wellington – Stellenbosch – N2) - R316 (Caledon – Napier – Bredasdorp) The focus of the local or municipal spatial context analysis is mainly on the jurisdiction

of the Theewaterskloof municipality and the nearest towns outside its boundaries. The (iii) Edges Topographic features define edges that exist in the landscape. These natural features consist of mountain ranges and its range of the social and economic linkages is also assessed within a range of ± 50km

associated untransformed (wilderness) areas. from Caledon, Grabouw and Villiersdorp. This analysis provide further detail for the

This mountain range is aligned along the northern boundary of spatial development concept (section 3.6.6), informed by its locally based structuring • Riviersonderend the Theewaterskloof municipality. The mountain range is a elements (fixes) identified as indicated on Figure 3.3 and Plan 3.3.2222. 3.... mountain range physical barrier to the Winelands District Council area. Therefore the only north-south penetration route across the mountains is the R43 via Worcester – Villiersdorp – Botrivier. Structuring Component Description

• Kogelberg, Hottentots element

(i) Nodes According to the PSDF, settlements with high levels of human Holland and These mountain ranges are located along the western and • High levels of human need, irrespective of its growth potential, should be prioritized Franschhoek north western boundary of the municipality. The only eastern need from state funds for the delivery of human resource development mountains and north western penetration route across these mountains is and minimum basic service programs (PSDF; Policy nr. HR 7 – 7). via the N2 between Grabouw and the Metro and R45 via

Franschhoek to Stellenbosch and the N1. • High development Towns with high development potential and with high thresholds • Mountain catchments, potential (population > 5 000) should be prioritised as locations for fixed Provincial nature A number of protected areas co-exist along the above investment (PSDF; HR 14). Fixed infrastructure should be located in urban settlements likely to experience population and economic reserves, Biosphere mentioned physical barriers and they contribute to define the western, north-western and northern edges. growth. These settlements should be given higher priority than reserves those with low human need and low economic potential (i.e. Greyton).

Towns with high development potential are:

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- Caledon 3.4.6 The ssppppatialatial development concept ––– Regional level (Refer Plan 3.3) - Grabouw - Villiersdorp. This section presents a synthesis of trends and spatial informants into an overarching (ii) Linkages On a municipal level, the N2 is the economic “spine” that bisects • National Transport (road conceptual and schematic representation of future development proposals. the municipality. Traffic north and south of the spine converts and rail) corridor – N2 mainly to this route before it flows westwards to the Metro.

(i)(i)(i) Bioregional spatial planning catcategoriesegories • Rail The rail link parallel to the N2 provides additional transport

infrastructure mobility to support mainly the agro-industry and The bioregional spatial planning categories described in Section 5 are derived, tourism sectors. principally, from the Critical Biodiversity Areas and other associated biodiversity • Regional Transport link spatial data emanating from the CAPE Fine-Scale Biodiversity Planning Project for Regional transport links on a municipal (local) level, are the routes the Overberg. that provide a direct access to towns within 50km range (± 30 minutes travel time). As noted in more detail in Sections 10.3 and 10.4 , the protection of these Critical These routes are: Biodiversity Areas and their associated Ecological Support Areas, as well as their R43 (Worcester – Villiersdorp – Botrivier – Coastal nodes) linkages to such areas in the wider region, is very important for the maintenance of R321 (Grabouw – Villiersdorp) ecosystem functioning in these areas, and consequently also for the maintenance of R45 (Villiersdorp – Franschhoek) the ecosystem goods and services in the region upon which human wellbeing is (iii) Districts • Agricultural Districts or regions are defined by its similarity of land use and dependent. topography. The main districts identified at a landscape level are the agricultural regions, consisting mainly of two broad categories, namely: The key areas in the region requiring this protection are depicted in Plan 3.3.

- dry land production west of Botrivier and the R43 (mainly wheat and (ii)(ii)(ii) Triangular road transport network grain) - horti culture and viti culture east of Botrivier and the R43 (orchards The PSDF contains broad-based proposals for regional development corridors, and vineyards) giving strategic directives that have a direct bearing on the spatial development

strategy for the Overberg and Cape Winelands Districts. On a regional level, two (i(i(iv(i vvv)) Edges Edges on a local level represent the line that defines the outer limit of agricultural and urban related development. main transport corridors (road and rail) have been identified, namely the:

(v) Landmarks Refer to provincial, national and international landmarks identified in section 3.6.2. − Breede River Valley Regional Development Corridor: Tulbagh – Ceres –

Worcester – Robertson - Swellendam combined road / rail infrastructure corridor (Cape Winelands District) − Overberg Regional Corridor: Grabouw – Caledon - Bredasdorp combined road / rail infrastructure corridor (Overberg District) (refer FFFigureFigure 3.3.3 333 3.).

The Theewaterskloof Municipal area is located close to the Breede River Valley Regional Development Corridor. The latter has been identified in the PSDF for future growth in order to absorb some of the Province’s population growth. It is proposed that future development of the Theewaterskloof Municipality should be contextualised within a proposed new regional transport corridor in the Overberg.

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A north-south linkage along the R43, linking the N1 and the Breede River Valley Notwithstanding that the section of the east-west transport corridor between Regional Corridor via Worcester with the Proposed Overberg Regional Corridor Caledon and Swellendam excludes rail-based transport; the advantages of this (along the N2) is proposed. transport corridor within the triangular transport context should be optimized. Capturing of traffic as a source for tourism development in the towns of While the abovementioned are road and rail based transport corridors, it is Riviersonderend and Caledon, including the towns of Greyton and Genadendal proposed that two main road based (only) transport corridors are added to a via the N2, would generate economic spin-offs. The location of Grabouw at the conceptual spatial framework. They are: Gateway to the Cape Metropolitan region and into the Overberg, holds significant potential. The economic advantages relates to road-based agricultural and − Caledon – Riviersonderend – Swellendam tourism transport. − Worcester – Villiersdorp – Botrivier – Hermanus (iii) Industrial node The result of these shown in schematic format (refer Plan 3.3) is a transport and

triangular road and partially rail-based transport corridor. The 3 “anchors” of the Notwithstanding Botrivier “anchor” node status within the triangular transport triangular road network within a regional context are the towns of: structure, the town has also been identified in the PSDF as a major industrial node,

serving not only the Theewaterkloof municipality, but also the towns within the − Botrivier Overberg district. − Worcester

− Swellendam (iv) Agricultural and rural development

The significance of the proposed triangular road based transport corridors are that it presents a regional structure which can provide strategic direction Agriculture remains the economic base of the area. The implementation of new for the implementation of growth and development policies. These need to technologies should be supported to increase production such as the introduction be developed further in detail, but the main elements of such a district-level of GM cultivars, bio-fuels and organic food. Ensure that transport and civil growth and development plan should include the proposals relating to a infrastructure in support of agricultural production is planned and developed i.e. north-south coastal link and an east-west rail and road transport corridor. investigate investment in rail freight transport to support the agricultural sector and identify potential new or underutilized water sources that would increase • The northnorth----southsouth coastcoastalal link agricultural production.

The north-south coastal link between the N1 (Worcester) in the north and 3.4.7 Spatial development concept ––– Local level (Refer Plan 3.3.4444))) Hermanus in the south could be promoted as a major tourism route and a direct route to the coastal resort towns of the Overberg via Botrivier. The route should Following from the district level spatial development concept, the local level provides a be optimized to promote tourism in Villiersdorp, the Theewaterskloof dam and conceptual and schematic indication of future development proposals. surrounding areas. Botrivier location as an “anchor” within the triangle, points towards its strategic location at the intersection of north-south and east-west transport routes. The potential therefore exist to optimize mainly transport related development opportunities in this town.

• The easteast----westwest transport corridor

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(i)(i)(i) Bioregional spatial planning categories − Grabouw: Metro; Villiersdorp; Botrivier − Villiersdorp: Worcester; Franschhoek; Grabouw The bioregional spatial planning categories described in Section 5 are derived, − Caledon: Villiersdorp; Botrivier; Hermanus principally, from the Critical Biodiversity Areas and other associated biodiversity spatial data emanating from the CAPE Fine-Scale Biodiversity Planning Project for the (iii) Human resource development Overberg.

Irrespective of its priority fixed investment status, Villiersdorp and Grabouw are also As noted in more detail in Sections 10.3 and 10.4 , the protection of these Critical towns with high human needs. Further investment of basic services and investment in Biodiversity Areas and their associated Ecological Support Areas, as well as their human resource development is therefore also proposed. linkages to such areas in the wider region, is important for the maintenance of

ecosystem functioning in these areas, and consequently also for the maintenance of the ecosystem goods and services upon which human wellbeing is dependent. (iv) Rural development

The key areas in the region requiring this protection are depicted in Plan 3.4. The high intensity agricultural production of areas between Grabouw and Villiersdorp has contributed towards higher rural population densities. To provide the poorer (ii)(ii)(ii) Priority fixed investment nodes section of farm workers and rural residents access to essential services, it is proposed that rural nodes should be identified and the potential for providing basic services in selected locations. Three towns are proposed as priority fixed investment nodes namely:

− Caledon The combination of natural resources and variety of attractions near the mountain − Grabouw range in the east and north warrants a new approach towards accommodating tourist − Villiersdorp related development within the proposed RDA’s (also refer section 6.8.2 6.8.2 and and 8.5 8.5) 8.5 in the rural environment and man made resources (Eikenhof dam and Theewaterskloof Development within these nodes should focus on each town’s rural hinterland (± 25 dam). km radius) and its linkages with other towns (in ± 50km radius). These towns should be developed firstly as service centres for its rural hinterland, providing essential (v)(v)(v) Tourism nnnodenode (Greyton ––– Genadendal) services (i.e. education, health, employment, business services, housing). Secondly the economic growth strategy of these towns should strengthen its comparative economic Greyton and Genadendal have been identified as priority tourism and heritage advantages and strengthening its economic linkages with other towns (within a 50 km destinations. The formulation of an integrated tourism development strategy has many radius) also identified as priority fixed investment nodes. advantages for these towns, and surrounding communities, given their complimentary

attributes. It is proposed that the following major economic intra-nodal linkages (also refer

SSSectionSection 10.4 ) should be strengthened (shown schematic format in Figure 3.23.2) 3.2 to enhance and extract further economic growth. (vi) Tourism routes

The identification and further development of rural tourism routes has many economic advantages. The main new routes are:

− Caledon – Hermanus via Shaw’s Mountain Pass

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THEEWATERSKLOOF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ––– VOLUME II ––– PART B CHAPTER 3: MUNICIPAL SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT

− Riviersonderend route along the river valley via towns of Riviersonderend, Greyton, Genadendal, Helderstroom, Theewaterskloof dam and Villiersdorp. − Steam train route starting in the Cape Town Metro (Sit Lowry’s Pass) via Grabouw, Botrivier and Caledon.

(vii) EconomEconomicic development (Comparative and Competitive advantages)

Economic development of towns should be based on their comparative and competitive advantage identified in Vol I of the Theewaterskloof SDF 2007: ?) (also refer section 10.5). The philosophy of building on existing economic strengths will ensure that towns retain their identity while strengthening its economic base.

Identify and develop projects linked to the comparative and competitive advantages for each town that none of the other towns in the district possess.

Town Comparative advantage Competitive advantage (unique) FIGURE 3.2:3.23.23.2 ::: III NTRA ---NODAL LINKAGES FROM PRIORITY FIXED INVESINVESTMENTTMENT NODES • Caledon Administrative/ services centre Hospital and Casino

• Grabouw Agricultural service centre Agricultural export hub

• Villiersdorp Agricultural service centre Theewaterskloof dam

• Botrivier Rural settlement Gateway location

• Riviersonderend Agricultural service centre N2 Stop-over

• Greyton Property prices Protected Victorian Village

• Genadendal Missionary settlement “Living museum”

TTTABLE 3.23.23.2 COMPETATIVE AND ECONOMIC ADVANTAADVANTAGEGEGEGESS FOR TOWNS

(viii) Green Industries

Support the introduction of green industries and in particular the development of wind farms in selected areas (Refer Section 10.8).

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