PAULUS MOREELSE (1571 – Utrecht - 1638)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

PAULUS MOREELSE (1571 – Utrecht - 1638) PAULUS MOREELSE (1571 – Utrecht - 1638) The Adoration of the Shepherds Signed and dated, lower centre: PMoreelse/1630 (PM in ligature) Inscribed on the back of the old lining canvas: Sophie Charlotte de Saxe On canvas, 35½ x 54⅛ ins. (90 x 137.5 cm) Provenance: Probably commissioned by Floris, Count of Culemborg (who purchased a “Corsnacht” [Christmas Night] from Paulus Moreelse on 25 February 1631 for 360 guilders for his house ‘Hof van Culemborg’ on the Lange Vijverberg, in The Hague) Probably by descent to Princess Sophie Charlotte of Saxe- Hildburghausen (1685-1710) Art market, Berlin, 1929 Private collection, Germany Literature: C. H. de Jonge, Paulus Moreelse: portret – en genreschilder te Utrecht 1571-1638, Assen, 1938. pp. 36, 66, 118, no. 259, fig. 161(illus) E. Domela Nieuwenhuis, Paulus Moreelse (1571-1638), PhD dissertation, Leiden University, 2001, p. 631-632, no. SBH219 Note: We are grateful to Dr. Eric Domela Nieuwenhuis for his assistance in researching this painting and for writing the following entry. VP4594 In this biblical history painting by Paulus Moreelse, the infant Christ lies on a white sheet in a straw-filled crib. Mary, his mother, looks at the viewer, while shepherds, a shepherdess and Joseph are grouped around the new-born. Their emotions—joy and awe—are clear to see. A man in a red cloak on the left points to the child with his right hand. In his left he holds a closed book. This painting—monumental by Moreelse’s standards—was first published by de Jonge in 1938. She did not mention the fact that it is signed and dated; this suggests that she never actually saw the work itself, which had been in the art trade in Berlin ten years earlier. Probably working from a photograph, she dated the painting—absolutely correctly—to 1630. She also suggested that it may be identical to a ‘Corsnacht’ or Christmas Night for which Moreelse was paid three hundred and sixty guilders in March 1631. The receipt in the archives of the Lords and Counts of Culemborg, which was signed by Moreelse, reveals that the artist was commissioned to make the painting by Floris, Count of Culemborg, and that while he was awaiting payment the work was already hanging on the chimneybreast in the countess’s ‘cabinet’ in their house, ‘Hof van Culemborg’, in Lange Vijverberg (now number 12) in The Hague. In 1629 the Count had paid Gerrit van Honthorst three hundred and fifty guilders for a mantel painting of Diana for his own bedchamber. Other receipts show that the Count also bought paintings from Roelandt Saverij and Jan van Ravesteyn. Floris van Pallandt, Count of Culemborg (1577-1639), was one of the most eminent noblemen of his day in the Northern Netherlands. At the time of the tensions between the Remonstrants and Contra-Remonstrants, he expressed his sympathy with Van Oldenbarnevelt’s cause, much to the irritation of Prince Maurits. It was not until Prince Frederik Henrik became stadholder that he was given a greater role in the international politics of the Low Countries. In his Schilderboeck of 1604, Karel van Mander reports that Paulus Moreelse had painted life-size full-length portraits of the Count and Countess. Regrettably, nothing more is known about these undoubtedly very important pictures. Moreelse’s Adoration of the Shepherds presents the Bible story in a manner we also find in slightly earlier paintings by other Utrecht artists like Abraham Bloemaert and Gerrit van Honthorst. One significant difference between these works and Moreelse’s version is the man on the left with the red cloak and the book. The book makes it unlikely that this figure is Joseph. The older man with his hand raised, seated beside the Virgin, should probably be identified as Joseph. The man with the book could be St Luke, the only one of the four evangelists to tell the story of the adoration of the shepherds. The name ‘Sophie Charlotte de Saxe’ was handwritten on the back of the old lining canvas. This probably refers to Princess Sophie von Saxen-Hildburghausen (1685-1710), granddaughter of Count Floris’s heir Prince Georg Friedrich von Waldeck (1620-1692) and sister of Ernst Friedrich von Saxen-Hildburghausen (1681-1724), the last Count of Culemborg. Eric Domela Nieuwenhuis The receipt for the painting, signed and dated by Moreelse in March 1631. 0370 The Archives of the Lords of the Lords and Counts of Culemborg, inv. no. 1892. © Gelders Archief, Arnhem. Paulus Moreelse was born in Utrecht in 1571, the son of Jan Jansz. Moreelse, a cooper from Louvain, and his wife Jannichgen Maertensdr. According to Karel van Mander in his Schilder- boeck of 1604, Paulus was apprenticed to the Delft portrait painter Michiel van Mierevelt. After completing his training, Moreelse travelled to Italy, where he remained for several years, receiving numerous portrait commissions in Rome. Back in the Netherlands, he became the leading portraitist in Utrecht. In 1596, Moreelse joined the Saddlers’ Guild, the organisation to which artists belonged until the painters and sculptors set up their own Guild of St. Luke in 1611. One of the founders of the new guild, Moreelse became its first dean, occupying this post again in 1612, 1615 and 1619. Together with Abraham Bloemaert, he was also a principal teacher at the Utrecht drawing academy, which was established around 1612. The guild’s records indicate that Moreelse enrolled no fewer than twenty-eight pupils, more than any other guild member. A member of the Reformed Church, Moreelse was married to Antonia van Wyntershoven in 1602: of their children, two became painters and one a burgomaster. His career as a portrait painter flourished and he became a wealthy man. In 1605, he bought a large house on the Boterstraat, where he and his wife lived for the rest of their lives: eventually, he owned several other properties, including an orchard outside Utrecht. Moreelse’s many clients included the Duke of Braunschweig, the Count and Countess of Culemborg and the statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt. His fame brought him commissions from all over the country and, in 1616 he painted a large militia piece for the Amsterdam Archers’ Civic Guard. In 1627, the States of Utrecht bought a “shepherd and shepherdess” from him as a gift for Amalia van Solms, the wife of Prince Frederik Hendrik. As well as being a leading light in the Utrecht art world, Moreelse was involved in local politics. From 1618 until his death twenty years later, he had a seat on the city council and held numerous other public offices, including alderman and chief treasurer of the city. He also worked as an architect and a town planner and was an active campaigner for the foundation of the university. Moreelse died on 6 March 1638 and was buried with great pomp in the family grave in the Buurkerk. Although a specialist in portraiture, Moreelse was also active as a history and genre painter and painted pastoral and allegorical subjects. .
Recommended publications
  • Handbook of Dutch Church History
    Herman J. Selderhuis, Handbook of Dutch Church History © 2014, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783525557877 — ISBN E-Book: 9783647557878 Herman J. Selderhuis, Handbook of Dutch Church History © 2014, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783525557877 — ISBN E-Book: 9783647557878 Herman J. Selderhuis, Handbook of Dutch Church History Handbook of Dutch Church History edited by Herman J. Selderhuis Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht © 2014, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783525557877 — ISBN E-Book: 9783647557878 Herman J. Selderhuis, Handbook of Dutch Church History Originally published in Dutch language as “Handboek Nederlandse Kerkgeschiedenis”, edited by Herman J. Selderhuis (© VBK|media B.V. on behalf of Uitgeverij Kok, Utrecht 2010). With 4 figures. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data available online: http://dnb.d-nb.de. ISBN 978-3-647-55787-8 You can find alternative editions of this book and additional material on our website: www.v-r.de Cover: Stichting Goudse Sint-Jan, Gouda, Netherlands © 2015, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen/ Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht LLC, Bristol, CT, U.S.A. www.v-r.de All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission from the publisher. 1SJOUFEJO(FSNBOZ Typesetting by Konrad Triltsch, Ochsenfurt 1SJOUFEBOECPVOECZ)VCFSU$P (ÚUUJOHFO 1SJOUFEPOOPOBHJOHQBQFS © 2014, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783525557877 — ISBN E-Book: 9783647557878 Herman J. Selderhuis, Handbook of Dutch Church History Contents Acknowledgements .
    [Show full text]
  • A Geological History of Groningen's Subsurface
    A geological history of Groningen’s subsurface Erik Meijles, University of Groningen Date June 2015 Editors Jan van Elk & Dirk Doornhof Translated by E.L. Howard General introduction Ground acceleration caused by an induced earthquake is strongly dependent on the composition of local shallow soils. NAM commissioned Deltares to conduct a detailed survey of the shallow subsurface above the Groningen gas field. The survey focuses on Quaternary geology with an emphasis on the upper 50 metres. This report provides an introduction to Groningen’s Quaternary geology as a background to the comprehensive Deltares report, which has culminated in a detailed model of Groningen’s shallow subsurface. This report was written by Dr ir Erik Meijles, Assistant Professor of Physical Geography at the University of Groningen. Wim Dubelaar, Dr Jan Stafleu and Dr Wim Westerhoff of TNO Geological Survey of the Netherlands (TNO- NITG) in Utrecht assisted with editing this report and provided a number of key diagrams. Title A geological history of Groningen’s subsurface Date June 2015 Client NAM Author Erik Meijles, Assistant Professor Edited by Jan van Elk of Physical Geography and Dirk Doornhof Organization University of Groningen Organization NAM Significance for Research theme: earthquake Predicting ground acceleration research Explanation: Ground acceleration caused by an induced earthquake is strongly dependent on the composition of local shallow soils. NAM commissioned Deltares to conduct a detailed survey of the shallow subsurface above the Groningen gas field. This survey focuses on the Quaternary geology of Groningen with an emphasis on the upper 50 metres. Directly This research serves as background to the report entitled ‘Geological schematisation of related the shallow subsurface of Groningen’ written by various Deltares staff members.
    [Show full text]
  • Zwolle, Leeuwarden/Groningen
    richting/direction Zwolle, Leeuwarden/Groningen SteenwijkHeerenveenLeeuwarden AmersfoortAmersfoortAmersfoort CentraalNijkerk SchothorstPutten VathorstErmeloHarderwijkNunspeet't HardeWezepZwolleMeppel _` _` _` _` ` ` ` _` ` AssenGroningen _` _` De informatie op deze vertrekstaat kan zijn gewijzigd. Plan uw reis op ns.nl, in de app of raadpleeg de schermen met actuele vertrekinformatie op dit station. The information on this board may be subject to changes. Check your journey plan on ns.nl or consult the displays with real-time travel information at this station. Vertrektijd/ Treinen rijden op/ Spoor/ Soort trein/ Eindbestemming/ Vertrektijd/ Treinen rijden op/ Spoor/ Soort trein/ Eindbestemming/ Departure Trains run on Platf. Transportation Destination Departure Trains run on Platf. Transportation Destination 12 ma di wo 1 Sprinter Zwolle via Harderwijk 04 ma di wo do vr za zo 2 Intercity Groningen via Zwolle-Assen 6 12 do vr za 2 Sprinter Zwolle via Harderwijk 16 12 ma di wo do vr za zo 2 Sprinter Zwolle via Harderwijk 34 ma di wo do vr 2 Intercity Leeuwarden via Zwolle-Steenwijk-Heerenveen, stopt ook in/also calls 22 ma di wo do vr za zo 2 Intercity Amersfoort Schothorst at Meppel 29 ma di wo do vr za zo 1 Sprinter Amersfoort Vathorst 42 ma di wo do vr za 2 Sprinter Zwolle via Harderwijk 34 ma di wo do vr za zo 2 Intercity Leeuwarden via Zwolle-Steenwijk-Heerenveen, stopt ook in/also calls 49 ma di wo do vr 1 Intercity Amersfoort Schothorst at Meppel 59 ma di wo do vr 1 Sprinter Amersfoort Vathorst 39 ma di wo do vr 5b Sprinter Harderwijk,
    [Show full text]
  • Closer Ties: the Dutch Caribbean and the Aftermath of Empire, 1942-2012
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 6-2017 Closer Ties: The Dutch Caribbean and the Aftermath of Empire, 1942-2012 Chelsea Schields The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1993 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] CLOSER TIES: THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN AND THE AFTERMATH OF EMPIRE, 1942-2012 by CHELSEA SCHIELDS A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2017 © 2017 CHELSEA SCHIELDS All Rights Reserved ii Closer Ties: The Dutch Caribbean and the Aftermath of Empire, 1942-2012 by Chelsea Schields This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in History in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Professor Dagmar Herzog ______________________ _________________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee Professor Helena Rosenblatt ______________________ _________________________________________ Date Executive Officer Professor Mary Roldán Professor Joan Scott Professor Todd Shepard Professor Gary Wilder Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract Closer Ties: The Dutch Caribbean and the Aftermath of Empire, 1942-2012 by Chelsea Schields Advisor: Professor Dagmar Herzog This dissertation examines the unique trajectory of decolonization in the Netherlands and its former Caribbean colonies and argues that sexual and reproductive politics have played a pivotal role in forging a postcolonial commonwealth state.
    [Show full text]
  • C:\Myfiles\Genealogy & Family\Family Books\WW2 Timeline
    A World War II Timeline A Perspective from within The Netherlands Compiled by Jo Kruithof - December 2004 01 12 April 1945 Canadian troops liberate the town of Steenwijk, where I was staying with my family at the time I was six years old then. A World War II Timeline a Perspective from within The Netherlands INTRODUCTION This document is based entirely on information and pictures found on the Internet. It is a brief illustrated timeline of the events of World War 2, as seen from within the Netherlands. When I first came across a basic timeline on the (Dutch) web site http://hetillegaleparool.nl, it occurred to me that, if I ever got around to writing up my life’s story, this would paint a good picture of the background against which I lived my first six years. However, before it would be any use to my descendants, I would either have to translate it, or find an alternative in the English language. Any writings presenting the unique view of the war by Dutch people living in the Netherlands is much more likely to be in Dutch than in English (and a quick scan of the Net supported this notion), so I decided on the translation option. In the process of checking out a few facts, events and names, I came across large amounts of other material, but I have only used those bits and pieces that helped to flesh out my timeline into a record that can be read and understood by those who weren’t there or who haven’t heard the stories from parents or older relatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Discord & Consensus
    c Discor Global Dutch: Studies in Low Countries Culture and History onsensus Series Editor: ulrich tiedau DiscorD & Discord and Consensus in the Low Countries, 1700–2000 explores the themes D & of discord and consensus in the Low Countries in the last three centuries. consensus All countries, regions and institutions are ultimately built on a degree of consensus, on a collective commitment to a concept, belief or value system, 1700–2000 TH IN IN THE LOW COUNTRIES, 1700–2000 which is continuously rephrased and reinvented through a narrative of cohesion, and challenged by expressions of discontent and discord. The E history of the Low Countries is characterised by both a striving for consensus L and eruptions of discord, both internally and from external challenges. This OW volume studies the dynamics of this tension through various genres. Based C th on selected papers from the 10 Biennial Conference of the Association OUNTRI for Low Countries Studies at UCL, this interdisciplinary work traces the themes of discord and consensus along broad cultural, linguistic, political and historical lines. This is an expansive collection written by experts from E a range of disciplines including early-modern and contemporary history, art S, history, film, literature and translation from the Low Countries. U G EDIT E JANE FENOULHET LRICH is Professor of Dutch Studies at UCL. Her research RDI QUIST AND QUIST RDI E interests include women’s writing, literary history and disciplinary history. BY D JAN T I GERDI QUIST E is Lecturer in Dutch and Head of Department at UCL’s E DAU F Department of Dutch.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism and Development in the Senian Context: Does It Help Or Hurt SIDS? the Case of Aruba
    Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, May-June 2018, Vol. 6, No. 3, 100-108 doi: 10.17265/2328-2169/2018.06.002 D DAVID PUBLISHING Tourism and Development in the Senian Context: Does It Help or Hurt SIDS? The Case of Aruba Don Taylor University of Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba Tourism is the lifeblood of many small island independent states and those that are categorized as small non-independent jurisdictions (SNIJs) such as Aruba. The question that this paper proposes to address is whether and how tourism helps or hinders island development. Research has been conducted on the economic effects of tourism in a global context; however, our approach is to look at its effect in one destination, Aruba, and to contextualize this research by situating it among other Caribbean islands. The rationale is that tourism is of more significance to the Caribbean in terms of economic dependence and tourism intensity. Because of the density of tourism in Aruba and its mono-economical development paradigm this makes for an ideal case study.1 Our methodology is based on an ontological review of the relationship between tourism and economic development utilizing a contextualized definition of development that fits within the philosophical position of Amartya Sen. In that context defined not just in terms of GDP growth but the enhanced social welfare of its citizens also in the Senian sense as distance from unfreedom. The concept of unfreedom for purposes of this paper is based on the extent to which there is an inertia to shift paradigms even if the existing paradigm enhances vulnerability, fragility and restricts opportunities to its citizenry.
    [Show full text]
  • Draw Me the Story of Jews in the Netherlands During the Holocaust
    High School Draw Me the Story of ... The Jews in the Netherlands During the Holocaust Montreal Holocaust Museum 5151, chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine Montréal (Québec) H3W 1M6 Canada Phone: 514-345-2605 Fax: 514-344-2651 Email: [email protected] museeholocauste.ca/en ISBN: 978-2-924632-74-1 (PDF); 978-2-924632-73-4 (print) Legal Deposit: Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec, 2014, 2019. Content and Production Sabrina Moisan, Original Concept Cornélia Strickler, Head of Education Laurel Ovenden, Education Agent Robert Jardine, Adaptation of pedagogical tools for Saskatchewan, Social Studies Saskatchewan Mathieu Lapointe Deraiche, Research Johanne Duranceau, Revision of pedagogical materials Graphic Design Fabian Will, Kina Communication Special thanks to the curriculum committee of the MHM and to Annemiek Gringold of the Joods Historisch Museum, Amsterdam. Image and document sources Page 4: Wikimedia commons (Alphathon); page 5: Common Flickr; page 6, 7, 8: MHM; page 9: collection Canada a134390-v6; page 11a: Flickr common archives national des PB. 3117647353_ d05c10d429_o; page 11b: Flickr common 4119257563_0dd2cb7d26_o; page 12a: Flickr common 4120073704_eba04c61fc_o; page 12b: Flickr common 3118474906_57c43c3089_o; page 12c: Wiki- media commons; page 13a: Wikimedia commons; page 13b: Wikimedia commons; page 15:Collection Canada a152440; page 16 a, c, d, e, f: MHM; page 16b: Randall Bytwerk; page 17 a, b, d: MHM; page 17 c: Collection Canada a134377-v6; page 18-25: MHM; page 27: MHM Photographer Pierre St-Jacques; page 28-33: MHM; page 35-44: MHM; page 65 : MHM Photographer Vadim Daniel The contents of this guide may be reproduced and distributed for educational purposes only.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Transportation “Made by OV- Bureau” How Do We Do It ?
    Public Transportation “Made by OV- bureau” How do we do it ? London 2017, June 8th ir. Erwin Stoker Manager PT development Outline Introduction • Public transportation in the Netherlands • Public transportation in Groningen Drenthe • Franchising history Cases 1. Joint development and business cases 2. Buses 3. Bus depots 4. Personnel 5. Concession Management 6. OV-chipcard and national datawarehouse public transportation I won’t bite ! Concession = Franchise Public transportation in the Netherlands PT in the Netherlands National railways (Main network) Operator: - NS Nederlandse Spoorwegen - 100% public company - Negotiated contract 2015-2025 - Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment Tracks: - Prorail - 100% public company - Negotiated contract 2015-2025 - Maintenance and extensions - Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment PT in the Netherlands: Regional PT 14 responsible public bodies - 12 provinces - Rotterdam/The Hague - Amsterdam Modes: - Regional rail - Metro - Tram - Bus Responsible for tracks/road: - Local or regional road administration Wet Personenvervoer 2000 (PT bill 2000) - Privatisation of (former) provincial and city public transport (bus) companies - Obligation for PTA to franchise all public transportation from 2000 - Exclusive right for 1 operator in a certain area or on a certain line PT in the Netherlands: PT franchises (2017) All bus contracts franchised (Except Rotterdam/The Hague and Amsterdam: negotiated contract) Public transportation in Groningen and Drenthe Population Groningen 570.000 (City of Groningen
    [Show full text]
  • A Concise Financial History of Europe
    A Concise Financial History of Europe Financial History A Concise A Concise Financial History of Europe www.robeco.com Cover frontpage: Cover back page: The city hall of Amsterdam from 1655, today’s Royal Palace, Detail of The Money Changer and His Wife, on Dam Square, where the Bank of Amsterdam was located. 1514, Quentin Matsys. A Concise Financial History of Europe Learning from the innovations of the early bankers, traders and fund managers by taking a historical journey through Europe’s main financial centers. Jan Sytze Mosselaar © 2018 Robeco, Rotterdam AMSTERDAM 10 11 12 13 21 23 BRUGGE 7 LONDON 14 19 DUTCH REPUBLIC 15 8 ANTWERP 16 18 20 17 PARIS 22 24 25 9 VENICE GENOA 2 5 PIsa 1 3 FLORENCE 4 SIENA 6 25 DEFINING MOMENts IN EUROPeaN FINANCIAL HIstOry Year City Chapter 1 1202 Publication of Liber Abaci Pisa 1 2 1214 Issuance of first transferable government debt Genoa 1 3 1340 The “Great Crash of 1340” Florence 2 4 1397 Foundation of the Medici Bank Florence 2 5 1408 Opening of Banco di San Giorgio Genoa 1 6 1472 Foundation of the Monte di Paschi di Siena Siena 1 7 1495 First mention of ‘de Beurs’ in Brugge Brugge 3 8 1531 New Exchange opens in Antwerp Antwerp 3 9 1587 Foundation of Banco di Rialto Venice 1 10 1602 First stock market IPO Amsterdam 5 11 1609 First short squeeze and stock market regulation Amsterdam 5 12 1609 Foundation of Bank of Amsterdam Amsterdam 4 13 1688 First book on stock markets published Amsterdam 5 14 1688 Glorious & Financial Revolution London 6 15 1694 Foundation of Bank of England London 6 16 1696 London’s
    [Show full text]
  • Agrarianism in a Boomtown the Proto-Urban Origins of 13Th Century ‘S- Hertogenbosch
    Agrarianism in a boomtown The proto-urban origins of 13th century ‘s- Hertogenbosch J.N van der Weiden Contact: J.N. Van der Weiden Zuiderzeeweg 80F 1095 KX Amsterdam [email protected] 0631343958 Cover image: Profile 63, SHKS. (Cleijne 2013) Agrarianism in a boomtown The proto-urban origins of 13th century ‘s- Hertogenbosch Author: James Nathan van der Weiden 1304704 Tutor: Dr. R. Van Oosten Master Thesis of the Faculty of Archaeology, University of Leiden. Version 2 14 June 2015, Amsterdam 1 2 Contents Chapter 1: Introduction to the research ................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Introduction to the subject ........................................................................................................... 5 1.2. The research ................................................................................................................................. 8 1.3. Data and literature ..................................................................................................................... 10 1.4. Structure ..................................................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 2: The wonder of ‘s-Hertogenbosch ........................................................................................ 12 2.1 The city of ‘s-Hertogenbosch ...................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Wooden houses and barns in the region of
    [Show full text]
  • Smart-Eco Cities in the Netherlands: Trends and City Profiles 2016
    SMART-ECO CITIES IN THE NETHERLANDS: TRENDS AND CITY PROFILES 2016 Frans Sengers (Utrecht University) ISBN: 978-0-9955574-1-3 The report should be referenced as follows: Sengers, F. (2016) Smart-Eco Cities in the Netherlands: Trends and City Profiles 2016. Exeter: University of Exeter (SMART-ECO Project). Copyright © Utrecht University, 2016. This publication may be reproduced and disseminated in whole or in part for educational and non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holders, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. No use of this report may be made for resale or any commercial purpose whatsoever without prior written permission from the authors. A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. Credits Design and layout by Fakhriazam Afsahi. We would like to thank the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment, Platform 31, Digitale Steden Agenda, Vereniging van Nederlandse Gemeenten, Vicrea and NRC Handelsblad for sharing their knowledge. We are also very grateful to Peter Pelzer, Ivette Oomens, Bas Hoppenbrouwer, Silvana Ilgen, Jesse de Block, Friso Boer, Timon de Boer, Abel Bokdam, Joost van Rietbergen, Menno van Ginkel, Joep Wolbers, Erik Verbrugge, Luc Okkerman and Noud Paanakker, for conducting some of the interviews. And we would like to thank Rob Cowley and Rob Raven for their input in compiling this report. The research undertaken to produce this report was supported by funding from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) through research
    [Show full text]