2011 Report on Technical Barriers to Trade

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

2011 Report on Technical Barriers to Trade 2011 Report on Technical Barriers to Trade Ambassador Ronald Kirk Office of the United States Trade Representative ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) is responsible for the preparation of this report. U.S. Trade Representative Ron Kirk gratefully acknowledges in particular the contributions of Deputy U.S. Trade Representatives Demetrios Marantis, Michael Punke, and Miriam Sapiro; USTR General Counsel Timothy Reif; Chief Agricultural Negotiator Isi A. Siddiqui; Chief of Staff Lisa Garcia; Assistant USTR for Public/Media Affairs Carol Guthrie, Senior Policy Advisor Janis Lazda, Special Assistant Stephen Ostrowski, Director of Speechwriting Jeremy Sturchio, and all USTR staff who contributed to the drafting and review of this report. Thanks are extended to partner Executive Branch agencies, including the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Justice, State, Transportation and Treasury, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, the U.S. International Trade Commission, and the Office of Management and Budget. In preparing the report, substantial information was solicited from U.S. embassies around the world and from interested stakeholders. The draft of this report was circulated through the interagency Trade Policy Staff Committee. March 2011 Table of Contents I. Foreword............................................................................................................................................................ 1 II. Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 3 III. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 Genesis of this Report ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Central Focus in 2010 ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Overview of Standards-Related Measures ............................................................................................... 6 IV. Overview of Trade Obligations on Standards-Related Measures .............................................. 9 TBT Agreement .................................................................................................................................................... 9 Operation of the TBT Agreement .............................................................................................................. 12 Standards-Related Provisions in U.S. Free Trade Agreements .................................................... 14 V. U.S. Statutory and Administrative Framework for Implementing Standards-Related Trade Obligations ................................................................................................................................................. 17 VI. Standards ........................................................................................................................................................ 21 VII. Conformity Assessment Procedures ................................................................................................... 25 VIII. U.S. Processes for Identifying Standards-Related Trade Barriers and Determining How to Address Them ................................................................................................................................................... 27 IX. U.S. Engagement on Standards-Related Measures in International, Regional, and Bilateral Fora .......................................................................................................................................................... 31 Overview of U.S. Engagement on Standards-Related Measures .................................................. 31 i TBT Committee ................................................................................................................................................. 32 Specific Trade Concerns ........................................................................................................................... 32 Triennial Reviews of the TBT Agreement ........................................................................................ 32 APEC ...................................................................................................................................................................... 35 2011: The U.S. APEC Year ..................................................................................................................... 35 Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) ............................................................................................................... 35 Regulatory Cooperation Fora ..................................................................................................................... 40 European Union ........................................................................................................................................... 40 Mexico .............................................................................................................................................................. 43 Canada ............................................................................................................................................................. 44 Doha Round Negotiations Regarding Standards-Related Measures .................................... 44 The Emerging Technologies Interagency Policy Committee ................................................... 46 X. Trends in 2010 ............................................................................................................................................. 49 Regulatory Measures on Goods with Cryptographic Capabilities .............................................. 55 Mandatory Biotech Labeling ....................................................................................................................... 55 Recognition of Conformity Assessment Bodies .................................................................................. 40 Distilled Spirits Regulation .......................................................................................................................... 40 Organic Product Standards ......................................................................................................................... 58 Formula Disclosure Requirements .......................................................................................................... 59 Issues Related to Trade in Halal Products ............................................................................................ 59 Problematic Documentation Requirements ........................................................................................ 60 The Rise of “Voluntary” Measures as Trade Barriers ...................................................................... 61 XI. Country Reports ........................................................................................................................................... 57 ii Background on Trade Concerns Contained in the Country Reports ......................................... 57 Argentina ............................................................................................................................................................. 58 Brazil ..................................................................................................................................................................... 59 China ...................................................................................................................................................................... 63 Colombia .............................................................................................................................................................. 69 The European Union ...................................................................................................................................... 69 India ....................................................................................................................................................................... 75 Indonesia ............................................................................................................................................................. 77 Japan ...................................................................................................................................................................... 79 Korea ..................................................................................................................................................................... 80 Malaysia ............................................................................................................................................................... 83 Mexico ................................................................................................................................................................... 84 Russia .................................................................................................................................................................... 86
Recommended publications
  • Executive Branch
    EXECUTIVE BRANCH THE PRESIDENT BARACK H. OBAMA, Senator from Illinois and 44th President of the United States; born in Honolulu, Hawaii, August 4, 1961; received a B.A. in 1983 from Columbia University, New York City; worked as a community organizer in Chicago, IL; studied law at Harvard University, where he became the first African American president of the Harvard Law Review, and received a J.D. in 1991; practiced law in Chicago, IL; lecturer on constitutional law, University of Chicago; member, Illinois State Senate, 1997–2004; elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate in 2004; and served from January 3, 2005, to November 16, 2008, when he resigned from office, having been elected President; family: married to Michelle; two children: Malia and Sasha; elected as President of the United States on November 4, 2008, and took the oath of office on January 20, 2009. EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., 20500 Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB), 17th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., 20500, phone (202) 456–1414, http://www.whitehouse.gov The President of the United States.—Barack H. Obama. Special Assistant to the President and Personal Aide to the President.— Anita Decker Breckenridge. Director of Oval Office Operations.—Brian Mosteller. OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT phone (202) 456–1414 The Vice President.—Joseph R. Biden, Jr. Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff to the Vice President.—Bruce Reed, EEOB, room 276, 456–9000. Deputy Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff to Dr. Jill Biden.—Sheila Nix, EEOB, room 200, 456–7458.
    [Show full text]
  • Acknowledgements
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) is responsible for the preparation of this report. U.S. Trade Representative Ron Kirk gratefully acknowledges in particular the contributions of Deputy U.S. Trade Representatives Demetrios Marantis, Michael Punke, and Miriam Sapiro; USTR General Counsel Timothy Reif; Chief of Staff Lisa Garcia; and Assistant USTR for Public/Media Affairs Carol Guthrie, Senior Policy Advisor Holly Smith, Senior Advisor David Roth, and all USTR staff who contributed to the drafting and review of this report. Thanks are extended to partner Executive Branch agencies, including the Environmental Protection Agency and the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Health and Human Services, Justice, Labor, Transportation, Treasury, and State. Ambassador Kirk would also like to thank Kimberly Ehrman, Carolyn Esko, and Asa Reynolds for their contributions. In preparing the report, substantial information was solicited from U.S. Embassies around the world and from interested stakeholders. The draft of this report was circulated through the interagency Trade Policy Staff Committee. March 2012 LIST OF FREQUENTLY USED ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AD .................................................................................. Antidumping AGOA ............................................................................ African Growth and Opportunity Act APEC .............................................................................. Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation ASEAN .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2011 Trade Policy Agenda 2010 Annual Report
    2011 Trade Policy Agenda and 2010 Annual Report of the President of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program Ambassador Ronald Kirk Office of the United States Trade Representative Foreword The 2011 Trade Policy Agenda and 2010 Annual Report of the President of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program are submitted to the Congress pursuant to Section 163 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2213). Chapter II and Annex II of this document meet the requirements of Sections 122 and 124 of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act with respect to the World Trade Organization. In addition, the report also includes an annex listing trade agreements entered into by the United States since 1984. Trade data for 2010, where listed, are annualized based on January to November data. Services data by country are only available through 2009. The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) is responsible for the preparation of this report. U.S. Trade Representative Ron Kirk gratefully acknowledges in particular the contributions of Deputy U.S. Trade Representatives Demetrios Marantis, Michael Punke, and Miriam Sapiro; USTR General Counsel Timothy Reif; Chief of Staff Lisa Garcia; and Assistant USTR for Public/Media Affairs Carol Guthrie, Senior Policy Advisor Janis Lazda, Special Assistant Stephen Ostrowski, and Director of Speechwriting Jeremy Sturchio. Thanks are extended to partner Executive Branch agencies, including the Environmental Protection Agency and the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Health and Human Services, Justice, Labor, and State. Ambassador Kirk would also like to thank Jessica Bartos, John Hensley, Theodore Kahn, Tal Manor, and Mia Warner for their contributions.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Page and Foreword
    2013 Trade Policy Agenda and 2012 Annual Report of the President of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program Ambassador Ronald Kirk Office of the United States Trade Representative Foreword The 2013 Trade Policy Agenda and 2012 Annual Report of the President of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program are submitted to the Congress pursuant to Section 163 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2213). Chapter II and Annex II of this document meet the requirements of Sections 122 and 124 of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act with respect to the World Trade Organization. In addition, the report also includes an annex listing trade agreements entered into by the United States since 1984. Trade data for 2012, where listed, are annualized based on January to November data. Services data by country are only available through 2011. The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) is responsible for the preparation of this report. U.S. Trade Representative Ron Kirk gratefully acknowledges in particular the contributions of Deputy U.S. Trade Representatives Demetrios Marantis, Michael Punke, and Miriam Sapiro; USTR General Counsel Timothy Reif; Chief of Staff Lisa Garcia; and Assistant USTR for Public/Media Affairs Carol Guthrie, Senior Policy Advisor Holly Smith, Senior Advisor David Roth, and Director of Speechwriting Jeremy Sturchio. Thanks are extended to partner Executive Branch agencies, including the Environmental Protection Agency and the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Health and Human Services, Justice, Labor, State, and Treasury. Ambassador Kirk would also like to thank Diana Friedman, Jeffrey Horowitz, and Jeffrey Schlandt for their contributions.
    [Show full text]
  • Office of the United States Trade Representative
    Executive Office of the President Office of the United States Trade Representative Fiscal Year 2013 Budget ACKNOWLEDGMENT The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) is responsible for the preparation of this report. United States Trade Representative Ronald Kirk gratefully acknowledges in particular the contributions of Deputy U.S. Trade Representatives Demetrios Marantis, Michael Punke, and Miriam Sapiro; Chief Agriculture Negotiator Islam Siddiqui; USTR General Counsel Timothy Reif; Chief of Staff Lisa Garcia; Assistant USTR for Congressional Affairs Luis Jimenez; Assistant USTR for Public and Media Affairs Carol Guthrie; Assistant USTR for Intergovernmental Affairs & Public Engagement Carlos Romero; Assistant USTR for Administration Fred Ames; Assistant USTR for Trade Policy and Economics Douglas Bell; and Director, Budget and Finance Les Shockley. Contributions from all offices and many USTR staff were essential to this process. Thanks are extended also to our partners in the Office of Administration, Executive Office of the President and Office of Management and Budget. February 2012 i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT ......................................................................................................................i TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................... ii FY 2013 BUDGET JUSTIFICATION ............................................................................................... 1 Summary .............................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2012 Trade Policy Agenda 2011 Annual Report
    2012 Trade Policy Agenda and 2011 Annual Report of the President of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program Ambassador Ronald Kirk Office of the United States Trade Representative Foreword The 2012 Trade Policy Agenda and 2011 Annual Report of the President of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program are submitted to the Congress pursuant to Section 163 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2213). Chapter II and Annex II of this document meet the requirements of Sections 122 and 124 of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act with respect to the World Trade Organization. In addition, the report also includes an annex listing trade agreements entered into by the United States since 1984. Trade data for 2011, where listed, are annualized based on January to November data. Services data by country are only available through 2009. The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) is responsible for the preparation of this report. U.S. Trade Representative Ron Kirk gratefully acknowledges in particular the contributions of Deputy U.S. Trade Representatives Demetrios Marantis, Michael Punke, and Miriam Sapiro; USTR General Counsel Timothy Reif; Chief of Staff Lisa Garcia; and Assistant USTR for Public/Media Affairs Carol Guthrie, Senior Policy Advisor Holly Smith, Senior Advisor David Roth, and Director of Speechwriting Jeremy Sturchio. Thanks are extended to partner Executive Branch agencies, including the Environmental Protection Agency and the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Health and Human Services, Justice, Labor, State, and Treasury. Ambassador Kirk would also like to thank Kimberly Ehrman, Carolyn Esko, and Asa Reynolds for their contributions.
    [Show full text]
  • Countries / Economies OECD Paris 2, Rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16 Tel.: 33 (0) 1 45 24 82 00
    Meeting of the OECD Council at Ministerial Level Réunion du Conseil au niveau des ministres 25-26 May 2011 www.oecd.org Countries / Economies OECD Paris 2, rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16 Tel.: 33 (0) 1 45 24 82 00 PRESIDENT / CHAIR ETATS‐UNIS / UNITED STATES Hillary Rodham Clinton Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton is the Secretary of State of the United States, joining the State Department after nearly four decades in public service. She was an assistant professor at the University of Arkansas School of Law, and during her 12 years as First Lady of the State of Arkansas, she was Chairwoman of the Arkansas Education Standards Committee, cofounded the Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families, and served on the boards of the Arkansas Children's Hospital, and the Children's Defense Fund. After Governor Clinton was elected President, First Lady Hillary Clinton led efforts to improve adoption and foster care systems, reduce teen pregnancy, and provide health care to millions of children. Secretary Clinton also helped launch the Vital Voices Democracy Initiative, a non‐governmental organization to train and organize women leaders across the globe. In the Senate, she served on the Armed Services Committee, the Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, the Environment and Public Works Committee, the Budget Committee and the Select Committee on Aging. She was also a Commissioner on the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe and was the only Senate member of the Transformation Advisory Group to the Department of Defense's Joint Forces Command. She is a graduate of Wellesley College and Yale Law School.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan External Trade Organization WTO and Regional Trade Agreements Monthly Report
    October 2009 Japan External Trade Organization WTO and Regional Trade Agreements Monthly Report IN THIS ISSUE United States ........................................ 1 Multilateral .......................................... 25 Free Trade Agreements ..................... 17 Customs ............................................. 22 Due to the general nature of its contents, this newsletter is not and should not be regarded as legal advice. WHITE & CASE LLP |OCTOBER 2009 DOC #1703192 JETRO General Trade Monthly Report Table of Contents Summary of Reports ................................................................................................................................... ii Reports in Detail .......................................................................................................................................... 1 United States ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 Cato Institute Holds Policy Forum on Implications of the Bush/Obama Auto Industry Intervention......................... 1 EU Trade Commissioner Ashton and European Parliament Call for Greater EU-US Regulatory Cooperation ....... 5 United States Highlights ............................................................................................................................................. 8 Senators Introduce Trade Enforcement Priorities Act of 2009; Bill Would Revive “Super 301” Authority ............... 8 USTR Announces New
    [Show full text]
  • Title Page and Foreword
    2012 Trade Policy Agenda and 2011 Annual Report of the President of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program Ambassador Ronald Kirk Office of the United States Trade Representative Foreword The 2012 Trade Policy Agenda and 2011 Annual Report of the President of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program are submitted to the Congress pursuant to Section 163 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2213). Chapter II and Annex II of this document meet the requirements of Sections 122 and 124 of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act with respect to the World Trade Organization. In addition, the report also includes an annex listing trade agreements entered into by the United States since 1984. Trade data for 2011, where listed, are annualized based on January to November data. Services data by country are only available through 2009. The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) is responsible for the preparation of this report. U.S. Trade Representative Ron Kirk gratefully acknowledges in particular the contributions of Deputy U.S. Trade Representatives Demetrios Marantis, Michael Punke, and Miriam Sapiro; USTR General Counsel Timothy Reif; Chief of Staff Lisa Garcia; and Assistant USTR for Public/Media Affairs Carol Guthrie, Senior Policy Advisor Holly Smith, Senior Advisor David Roth, and Director of Speechwriting Jeremy Sturchio. Thanks are extended to partner Executive Branch agencies, including the Environmental Protection Agency and the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Health and Human Services, Justice, Labor, State, and Treasury. Ambassador Kirk would also like to thank Kimberly Ehrman, Carolyn Esko, and Asa Reynolds for their contributions.
    [Show full text]