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Sea Wall (Reculver) Improvement Works

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NRA NATIONAL RIVERS AUTHORITY (Southern Region) NORTHERN- SEA WALL (RECULVER) IMPROVEMENT WORKS ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT DECEMBER 1993 Prepared by Environmental Assessment Services Limited / NATIONAL RIVERS AUTHORITY (Southern* Region.) NORTHERN SEA WALL (RECOLVER j:' IMPROVEMENT WORKS ENVIROroffiffla^STATEMENT" 1 ^ - - • : ^ -* •- ' .. ' ' ' ___ ; Dec em-be ir .19 9 3 * . ’CONTENTS * ; . / V;. ’ Chapter - - - . Page 1. INTRODUCTION AND TERMS OF REFERENCE 4 2. SCOPE OF THIS ASSESSMENT • 4 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE WORKS 5 4. THE PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT 7 5. THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 11 6 . GEOMORPHOLOGY 13 * Historical development * Geological features. * Existing coastal defences * Need for the worksri 7 . : - 1 . ; * Probable impacts' of the proposed works * The behaviour of the coastal lagoons * Lagoon breakout 7. ECOLOGY 17 * Terrestrial Habitat * Saltmarsh and coastal lagoons * Inter-tidal Zone * Ornithological Interests * Probable impacts of the proposed works * Impacts of Marine Dredging on Coastal Ecology ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL INTERESTS 26 * Archaeological Background ■ ' * Historical Background * Probable impacts of the proposed works . * Recommendations for the protection of archaeological- features - Page FISHERIES. - ; 7 ' J • ' 30 * 'Ministry of Agxiculture, FTsherie.s ‘ a*rd Food . CMAFFj;: - T - v 1- ' .i- r- ~ * Kent. &V Essex. 'Seat Fishery 'Committee-- - ' *■ Seasalter. Shellfish (Whitstable). Ltd — -Mollusc* Hatchery - • r ‘r ' ■ * Local Angling* Cj.tibs7Societies - * * . * . Independent Local - Anglers 7 * Probable’ impacts of the-.propd-sed works LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL- 34 * Existing landscape-. * Probable impacts of the proposed works * Countryside Commission SOCIAL AND AMENITY 3 6 * Access & Safety * Tourism * Parish Councils * Sailing * Windsurfing. * Angling . * Equestrian, interests : - ' - * Employment ' ’ * Probable impacts"; of;, the "proposed works ; * SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND AGRICULTURAL INTERESTS 41 * Land Drainage - * Agricultural THE PLANNING CONTEXT 4 3 * Kent County Council * Canterbury City Council * Thanet District Council AIR QUALITY, WATER QUALITY AND CLIMATE 4 5 * Air Quality - - . * Water Quality . * . * Climate Change .... NOISE AND VIBRATION ' - • 47 * Ambient sound level, measurements - ' "L * Comments .on the results' J" -■ —; - * Noise generated by completed coastal works * Noise generated during construction *' * . il ’ \ * - Predicted noise- levels at measurements locations * Vibration " ~ -• - v ^ Chapter Page 16. OTHER CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS 53 Traffic - .. Beach Access and* Safety Water Quality 17 SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS' 54. * Comparison of Effects by Impact Matrix NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY (Separate document) APPENDICES Appendix A. Figures Appendix B. Photographs Appendix C. List of Consultees Appendix D. Copies of consultees written comments Appendix E. Copy of Thanet Coast SSSI citation Appendix F. A Research Report - The Thanet^ Trust for Archaeology: Notes on the Archaeological Sites in the Inter- tidal Zone between Minnis Bay and Reculver, 1992 Appendix G. References NATIONAL RIVERS AUTHORITY (Southern Region) NORTHERN SEA WALL {RECULVER) IMPROVEMENT WORKS ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT December 1993 1. INTRODUCTION AND TERMS OF REFERENCE 1.1 This Environmental Statement reports on the assessment of the probable effects of the proposed Northern Sea Wall (Reculver) Improvement Works on the environment of the North Kent coastline between Reculver and Minnis Bay. See Fig. 1. Sea defence and land drainage are the responsibility of the National Rivers Authority (NRA.) on this frontage. The assessment has addressed the impacts on the relevant aspects of the environment as set out in Chapter 2 below and this Statement includes appropriate recommendations for the implementation of mitigating measures, monitoring and amenity improvements. Terms of Reference 1.2 On 7 October 1993 Environmental Assessment Services Limited was appointed by Robert West and Partners, consulting engineers to the National Rivers Authority (NRA) Southern Region, to carry out the environmental assessment and prepare the Environmental Statement for the proposed Northern Sea Wall (Reculver) Improvement Works . 1.3 The assessment investigated the probable environmental effects of the proposed construction of 14 rock groynes, three of which incorporate reconstructed outfalls, combined with shingle beach nourishment, see Figs. 2 & 3. 2.0 SCOPE OF THIS ASSESSMENT 2.1 The range of aspects considered in this Environmental Statement are generally as required under Statutory Instrument 1988, No. 1217 the Land Drainage Improvement Works (Assessment of Environmental Effects) Regulations 1988 based on the specification given in Annex III of EC Directive 85/337 namely:- i) Human beings, fauna and flora. ii) Soil, water, air, climate and the landscape. iii) Interaction between the factors in i) and ii) above. iv) Material assets and the cultural heritage. 4 Preparation of this Environmental Statement comprised the following:- A review of the conclusions of the preliminary assessment. Research and analysis of data relevant to the locality. Consultation and liaison with affected local people, their representatives and organisations with a professional or commercial interest in environmental matters relating to the coastline between Reculver and Minnis Bay. A qualitative site survey which took into account the geomorphological/ ecological and archaeological significance of the works on the locality. Investigations into the impacts of the proposals on the 1andscape. An evaluation of the proposals as they relate to air and water quality. Comment on climatic conditions in terms of projected rises in sea level. An assessment of the impacts of construction. A non-technica 1 summary of the findings of the assessment. DESCRIPTION OF THE WORKS The purpose of the works is to control coastal erosion, and reduce the risk of overtopping of the existing sea wall by storm driven high tides; to reduce the risk of breaching of the Northern Sea Wall and to control the highly variable rates of sand and shingle movement. The works will reduce the risk of flooding for the large area of low lying land to the south of the sea wall comprising productive agricultural land and a section of British Rail's Network South East track between Herne Bay and Birchington. The adjacent vegetated shingle bank and areas of saltmarsh which fall within the boundary of part of the Thanet Coast Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), see Fig 4, will also be protected by the proposed works. 3.3 The works will comprise some 14 rock mound type groynes and shingle beach nourishment. Three of the groynes will incorporate re-constructed outfalls for the local land drainage system. There will also be some improvement works to the sea wall to the West of the Towers apron. The rock mound type groynes will generally comprise a landward section with a crest level of +5m OD, sloping downwards at a slope of approximately 1 in 10 to terminate some 70m seaward of the sea wall at a small distance above Mean Low Water Springs. The works are basically as given in Option 2 of the preliminary assessment. See Figs. 2 and 3. 3.4 The stone size for the rock armouring of the groynes will be between 3 and 6 tonnes. The origin and type of rock to be used has not yet been specified in detail although it will be a requirement of the contract that the material be delivered to the beach by sea. 3.5 The three reconstructed outfalls, North Mouth, Coldharbour and Brooksend, will comprise concrete culvert units secured between steel sheet piling and armoured with rock to give a similar appearance and profile to the groynes. The seaward ends of these outfall groynes will be "fish tailed" in plan with the discharge point between the two lobes of the "tail”. 3.6 Beach nourishment will comprise dredged sea bed material, shingle and sand, deposited on the beach from a barge at high tide. The origin of the dredged material has not been specified and it is assumed that the impacts of extraction from the chosen dredging ground will have been assessed as part of the dredging licence application. 3.7 The groynes will be marked with red truncated cone type markers supported on poles at a level of MHWS + 2m. 3.8 Apart from minor improvement works to the sea wall to the West of the Towers apron, the existing Northern Sea Wall has been considered to remain satisfactory in both height and condition. The proposed works are to protect the existing wall by retaining the beach in front of it. 3.9 The distribution of the proposed groynes along the frontage tends to be concentrated at the West end and at Plum Pudding Island where the beach levels in front of the sea wall are presently at their lowest. 6 4. THE PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT 4.1 In May 1993, Environmenta1 Assessmen t Services Limited, prepared a preliminary environmental assessment as part of the Coastal Defence Study for the Reculver to Minnis Bay frontage commissioned by the NRA. 4.2 The preliminary assessment identified the principal environmental parameters of the study area, and considered the environmental impacts of four sea defence options for the frontage. The options were as follows:- Option 1 - Managed Retreat (see Figs. 5 & 6) 4.3 This option proposed allowing the coastline between Reculver and Minnis Bay to re-adjust to its own alignment whilst reinforcing existing defences to prevent the sea outflanking at either end. Works comprised raising- and reinforcing the western end of Rushbourne Sea Wall, general levelling and revetting of
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