Principles of Sensitivity Auditing
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Post Normal Science: Working Deliberatively Within Imperfections
Copernicus Institute Studium Generale Wageningen Science, Policy and Complex Phenomena 21 March 2007 Post Normal Science: working deliberatively within imperfections Dr. Jeroen P. van der Sluijs Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation Utrecht University & Centre d'Economie et d'Ethique pour l'Environnement et le Développement, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France Universiteit Utrecht Copernicus Institute Haugastøl group: Jeroen van der Sluijs; Ragnar Fjelland; Jerome Ravetz; Anne Ingeborg Myhr; Roger Strand; Silvio Funtowicz; Kamilla Kjølberg; Kjellrun Hiis Hauge; Bruna De Marchi; Andrea Saltelli Universiteit Utrecht Copernicus Institute Complex - uncertain -risks Typical characteristics (Funtowicz & Ravetz): • Decisions will need to be made before conclusive scientific evidence is available; • Potential impacts of ‘wrong’ decisions can be huge • Values are in dispute • Knowledge base is characterized by large (partly irreducible, largely unquantifiable) uncertainties, multi- causality, knowledge gaps, and imperfect understanding; • More research ≠ less uncertainty; unforeseen complexities! • Assessment dominated by models, scenarios, assumptions, extrapolations • Many (hidden) value loadings reside in problem frames, indicators chosen, assumptions made Knowledge Quality Assessment is essential Universiteit Utrecht Copernicus Institute Universiteit Utrecht Copernicus Institute 3 paradigms of uncertain risks 'deficit view' • Uncertainty is provisional • Reduce uncertainty, make ever more complex -
What Is Science's Crisis Really About?
Futures 91 (2017) 5–11 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Futures journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/futures What is science’s crisis really about? MARK ⁎ Andrea Saltellia,b, , Silvio Funtowicza a Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities (SVT), University of Bergen, Norway b Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Present day reasoning about difficulties in science reproducibility, science governance, and the History and philosophy of science Science use of science for policy could benefit from a philosophical and historical perspective. This would Science's crisis show that the present crisis was anticipated by some scholars of these disciplines, and that di- Science and Technology Studies agnoses were offered which are not yet mainstream among crisis-aware disciplines, from sta- Post-normal science tistics to medicine, from bibliometrics to biology. Diagnoses in turn open the path to possible Reproducibility solutions. This discussion is urgent given the impact of the crises on public trust in institutions. Extended participation We ask whether the present crisis may be seminal in terms of drawing attention to alternative visions for the role of Science in society, and its relevant institutional arrangements. We finish by offering a number of suggestions in this direction. 1. Crises recognized and unrecognized Many articles have been written on the crisis in science’s reproducibility, science’s governance, and the use of science for policy. Still a clear identification of the root causes of the present situation seem to have eluded most commentators. A discussion of those causes is urgent given the public impact of the crisis on trust in institutions. -
9781138796409.Pdf
Science, Philosophy and Sustainability For science to remain a legitimate and trustworthy source of knowledge, society will have to engage in collective processes of knowledge co-production, which not only include science, but also other types of knowledge. This process of change has to include a new commitment to knowledge creation and transmission and its role in a plural society. This book proposes to consider new ways in which science can be used to sustain our planet and enrich our lives. It helps to release and reactivate social responsibility within contemporary science and technology. It reviews critically relevant cases of contemporary scientific practice within the Cartesian paradigm, relabelled as ‘innovation research’, promoted as essential for the progress and well-being of humanity, and characterised by high capital investment, centralised control of funding and quality, exclusive expertise, and a reductionism that is philosophical as well as methodological. This is an accessible and relevant book for scholars in science and technology studies, history and philosophy of science, and science, engineering and technology ethics. Providing an array of concrete examples, it supports scientists, engineers and technical experts, as well as policy-makers and other non-technical professionals working with science and technology to redirect their approach to global problems, in a more integrative, self-reflective and humble direction. Ângela Guimarães Pereira is a scientific officer of the Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy. Silvio Funtowicz is Professor at the Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities of the University of Bergen, Norway. Routledge Explorations in Sustainability and Governance Resource Accounting for Sustainability Assessment The nexus between energy, food, water and land use Mario Giampietro, Richard J. -
Science, Philosophy and Sustainability
Science, Philosophy and Sustainability For science to remain a legitimate and trustworthy source of knowledge, society will have to engage in collective processes of knowledge co-production, which not only include science, but also other types of knowledge. This process of change has to include a new commitment to knowledge creation and transmission and its role in a plural society. This book proposes to consider new ways in which science can be used to sustain our planet and enrich our lives. It helps to release and reactivate social responsibility within contemporary science and technology. It reviews critically relevant cases of contemporary scientific practice within the Cartesian paradigm, relabelled as ‘innovation research’, promoted as essential for the progress and well-being of humanity, and characterised by high capital investment, centralised control of funding and quality, exclusive expertise, and a reductionism that is philosophical as well as methodological. This is an accessible and relevant book for scholars in science and technology studies, history and philosophy of science, and science, engineering and technology ethics. Providing an array of concrete examples, it supports scientists, engineers and technical experts, as well as policy-makers and other non-technical professionals working with science and technology to redirect their approach to global problems, in a more integrative, self-reflective and humble direction. Ângela Guimarães Pereira is a scientific officer of the Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy. Silvio Funtowicz is Professor at the Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities of the University of Bergen, Norway. Routledge Explorations in Sustainability and Governance Resource Accounting for Sustainability Assessment The nexus between energy, food, water and land use Mario Giampietro, Richard J. -
NEVER LATE, NEVER LOST, NEVER UNPREPARED Alice Benessia And
3 NEVER LATE, NEVER LOST, NEVER UNPREPARED Alice Benessia and Silvio Funtowicz Introduction In this chapter we examine innovation as a dynamic system of forces that constantly and necessarily redefine the boundaries between science, technology and the nor- mative sphere of liberal democracy. We consider innova- tion as a phenomenon which is on a path-dependent trajectory, with origins in the scientific revolution and the emergence of the modern state in the 16th and 17th centu- ries. We give an overview of its evolution through the lens of the ‘demarcation problem’: that is, we consider innova- tion with respect to the boundaries that demarcate scien- tific research from other human activities. More specifically, we look at how those boundaries have been drawn over time, by whom, and to what ends. In this explo- ration, we identify three main modes of demarcation that function as principles and drivers of innovation, defining the structure of the space in which it evolves: we call these ‘separation’, ‘hybridization’ and ‘substitution’. ‘Separation’ refers to the ideal division between the facts of science and the values of governance and to the 71 Benessia and Funtowicz corresponding ‘dual system of legitimacy’ that regulates the ‘modern’ relation between knowledge and power. In this framework, uncertainty and complexity are ideally externalized from the realm of scientific knowledge and activity. ‘Hybridization’ corresponds to the transition from curiosity-motivated ‘little’ science to big, industrial- ized science, in which science and technology, discovery and invention, and facts and values are blended (hybrid- ized) in ‘technoscientific’ endeavours. In this framework, uncertainty and complexity cannot be effectively ban- ished; however, they can be reduced and ideally con- trolled through quantitative risk assessment and management. -
Philosophical Perspectives on Participation in Science Research
UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS SECÇÃO AUTÓNOMA DE HISTÓRIA E FILOSOFIA A CIÊNCIA CAN WE PLAY SCIENCE? Philosophical Perspectives on participation in Science Research Mestrado em História e Filosofia da Ciência João André Ribeiro Duarte Dissertação orientada por: Olga Pombo 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Muito obrigado Professora Olga Pombo pela sua clareza, humanismo, disponibilidade, referências, propostas, eu fui transformado por esta viagem Miterand, Lena and Jeroem hope you like it! Livio, Claire, Leïla, Sara, Isabel, Clément thank you for the Summer focus! And the reviews, the chillness and all the support. For the critical review/references and support I thank you Badouin Jourdant, Hassan Tahiri, Juan Redmond, Professor Nuno Nabais, Jenny Rock, Pamela Gay, Professor Rui Moreira, Rosa Doran Olívia Raposa, Leonor, André, Inês, Coline, Cloti, Bela, Ana Rute, Inés, Ganga, Agapi, Carlos, Edral, Toninho, vizinh@s, pela boa vida À minha mãe! Porque sempre me querias ver fora de casa quando ficava muito focado! SUMÁRIO Podemos jogar ciência? Abordagens contemporâneas oferecem a possibilidade de participar na investigação científica. Muitas destas abordagens são feitas através duma gamificação da investigação científica usando a internet e ferramentas da Web 2.0, enquanto outras têm abordagens comunitárias que não estão dependentes do on-line. Como um trabalho de Filosofia da Ciência, este estudo preocupa-se sobre o significado de tal transformação. Isabelle Stengers é próxima à prática científica e sabe como o cientista é definido pelas suas paixões, por uma forma de se reportar ao mundo (Stengers 1993). No seu trabalho encontramos um ímpeto para re-inventar, re-enquadrar como as ciências se relacionam com a especialidade e a democracia. -
What Can History Teach Us About the Prospects of a European Research
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by JRC Publications Repository What can history teach us about the prospects of a European Research Area? Kjetil Rommetveit, Roger Strand, Ragnar Fjelland & Silvio Funtowicz Feb 2013 Editor: Andrea Saltelli Report EUR 26120 European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Contact information Saltelli Andrea Address: Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, TP 361, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +39 0332 78 9686 Fax: +39 0332 78 5733 http://ipsc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ This publication is a Reference Report by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. Legal Notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu/. JRC84065 EUR 26120 ISBN 978-92-79-32721-6 ISSN 1831-9424 doi: 10.2788/1057 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2013 © European Union, 2013 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Italy Suggested Citation: Kjetil Rommetveit, Roger Strand, Ragnar Fjelland, Silvio Funtowicz, ‘What can history teach us about the prospects of a European Research Area ?’, 2013, Report procured by the European Commission-Joint Research Centre, Institute for the Protection and the Security of the Citizen (Procurement procedure IPSC/2011/03/01/NC) Extended Version 5 March 2013 Final Delivery Version 21 February 2013.