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. •·.. - - -- ' C8.BB. WILLIAM M. COBB & ASSOCIATES, INC. \\orld"idt• Pl'troll·um Consullunls Cobb & Associates Services Provided to Assist With: Reservoir Management Reservoir analysis Field development and redevelopment planning Waterflood field studies: planning, implementation, surveillance, analysis Waterflood feasibility workshops WateGas injectionrflood feasib enhancedility worksh oil recovery:ops CO2 and hydrocarbon gas injection ThermalGas injec enhancedtion enhanced oil recovery: oil recovery: steam CO2 flood and and hydrocarbon cyclic stimulation gas injection UnconventionalThermal enhanced resource oil recovery: analysis steam and valuationflood and cyclic stimulation ReservoirUnconven tiosimulation,nal resource including analysis compositional and valuation simulation GasReservoir field studies simulation, including compositional simulation Gas storage field planning, evaluation, and certification CO2Gas field sequestration studies candidate evaluation UnitizationGas storage studiesfield planning, evaluation, and certification PressureCO2 sequestration transient test candidate analysis evaluation ReservoirUnitization surveillance studies program design and monitoring WorstPressur casee transient discharge test (WCD)analysis modeling Well stimulation recommendations Rese rvoir surveillance program design and monitoring Worst case discharge (WCD) modeling FinancialWe Dllec stiisionsmulati on recommendations FinancialReserves Decisions and loan basis evaluations Bankruptcy support Reserves and loan basis evaluations Audits for banks and other lending institutions Bankruptcy support Investment analysis and economic evaluation PropertyAudits fo evaluations:r banks and otherproperty lend acquisitionsing institutio andns property sales DueInvestment diligence analysis and economic evaluation Property evaluations: pr operty acqu isitions and property sales Du e diligence Geological Evaluation and Reservoir Characterization Geological Evaluation and Reservoir Characterization Basin studiesstudies Field development studies Field development studies Exploration and evaluation programs SCALExplora programtion and designevalua tioandn oversightprograms SCAL program design and oversight Formation evaluation programs PetrophysicalFormation evalua analysistion programs CorePetrophysical interpretation analysis On site and remote support during logging operations Core interpretation TrainingOn and site Technicaland remote Supportsupport dur ing logging operations Waterflooding: Performance Predictions and Surveillance TrainingSimulation andand TechnicalTec Basedhnical Waterflood SupportSupport Analysis ARIESWaterflooding: and PHDWin Performance database Predic maintenancetions and and Surve supportillance ReservoirSimulatio nEngineering Based Wate andrflood Geological Analysis Technician support TechnicalARIES Rep andre sentation PH DWin database maintenance and support ExpertReservoir witness Engineering testimony: and in Geo courtlogical and Tecbeforehnician regulatory support agencies TechnicalEngineering Representation and management committees Mediation Expert witness testimony: in court and before regulatory agencies Engineering and management committees Waterflooding: Performance Predictions and Surveillance This five-day course covers the reservoir engineering engineer with data required for the efficient management of aspects of waterflooding. The seminar combines geology, both new and mature waterfloods. Several waterflood case rock and fluid properties, and immiscible displacement theory studies are reviewed. to develop waterflooding prediction techniques and to aid in the evaluation of actual waterflood performance behavior. The course is ideally suited for engineers and geologists Detailed predictions of oil and water producing rates, water with several years of waterflood experience; however, the injection rates, and recovery efficiency (areal, vertical, and course is presented in a manner so that both beginning and displacement), and an analysis of other variables which experienced personnel will find the material very useful. The control recovery efficiency are included. Also discussed are course content and example problems have been selected to waterflood surveillance techniques such as production plots, teach and illustrate important concepts. WOR analysis, floodable pore volume versus primary depletion pore volume, injection profile testing, pressure transient This course is available to the public several times a testing, step-rate testing, Hall plots, pattern balancing, bubble year; check our schedule at www.wmcobb.com for the next maps, volumetric sweep evaluation, and injection efficiency upcoming course. Upon special request this course can be determination. These surveillance techniques provide the taught in house, please contacts us for more information. Instructor Michael L. Wiggins, Ph.D., P.E. Course Outline • Factors Controlling Waterflood Recovery • Review of Rock Properties and Fluid Flow • Determination of Oil in Place • Mechanism of Immiscible Fluid Displacement (displacement sweep) • Flood Patterns and Areal Sweep Efficiency • Reservoir Heterogeneity • Injection Rates and Pressures • Waterflood Performance Prediction • Waterflood Surveillance • Planning a Waterflood Illustration: Designs by Mote, Inc. Simulation Based Waterflood Analysis Traditional waterflood evaluation methods can be will use a single pattern simulation model to solve numerous quite good, but they can also be cumbersome to use. These waterflood evaluation problems. The example problems are calculations are typically done by hand, or in spreadsheets, specifically designed to address real-world situations and they and they are tedious and time consuming. Tools exist today to also reinforce theoretical waterflood principles. The specific expedite the waterflood evaluation process while incorporating software used in the course is Merlin, a black oil reservoir and enhancing theoretical waterflood principles. One such tool simulation model created and marketed by Gemini Solutions, is reservoir simulation using a single pattern model to predict Inc. There are other simulation models available which have waterflood performance of a typical field pattern. Such models similar capabilities. Attendees will receive a complimentary 45 are significant improvements over traditional methods in that day evaluation license of the Merlin pattern model software. they can incorporate variable reservoir rock and fluid properties, fluid saturations, and primary depletion. Pattern models allow Individual computers and software will be provided, as well the user to test sensitivity to unknown parameters. As an added as daily lunches. bonus, these models are fast and easy to use. Attendees who complete the course will receive a certificate This five-day course covers waterflood theory and the for 4.0 Continuing Education Credits (CEU) which is equivalent traditional waterflood evaluation techniques. Attendees will to 40 Professional Development Hours (PDH). also learn basic reservoir simulation skills, after which they Instructor Frank J. “Deacon” Marek, P.E Course Outline • Waterflood theory and traditional evaluation techniques • Reservoir simulation principles and introduction to the Merlin single pattern simulation model • Working example problems in Merlin • Problem 1 – Build model and deplete under primary production. • Problem 2 – Construct model with Dykstra-Parsons V factor (permeability variation) of 0.7 and predict waterflood performance. • Problem 3 – Construct pattern model and make several runs varying oil viscosity between runs. • Problem 4 – Study sensitivity to vertical permeability. • Students work waterflood problems brought to class. Areas Worked United States Alabama Kentucky Oklahoma* Alaska (Cook Inlet; North Slope) Louisiana (including Gulf of Mexico)* Oregon Arkansas* Michigan (including CO2 EOR)* Pennsylvania* Arizona Mississippi (including Deep Sour Gas)* South Dakota California (Steam Flood; Offshore; Onshore) Montana* Texas (including Gulf of Mexico)* Colorado Nebraska Utah* Florida New Mexico* Virginia* Illinois New York West Virginia* Indiana North Dakota* Wyoming* Kansas Ohio* *Unconventional Oil and Gas. International Angola Equatorial Guinea Russia Argentina Egypt Saudi Arabia Australia France South Africa (Offshore) Azerbaijan Guatemala Syria Bangladesh Honduras Thailand Barbados Indonesia Trinidad Belize Malaysia Tunisia Bolivia Mexico United Kingdom Brazil New Zealand United Arab Emirates Canada (including oil shale) Nigeria Venezuela Colombia Oman Western Siberia Congo Peru Vietnam Dubai Qatar Yemen 12770 Coit Road Suite 907 Dallas, Texas 75251 Phone: 972.385.0354 Fax: 972.788.5165 www.wmcobb.com Randal M. “Randy” Brush is President of William M. Cobb & Associates, Inc. (Cobb & Associates), has over 39 years of petroleum industry experience, both as a reservoir engineering consultant with Cobb & Associates since 1995 and as an engineer and manager at Atlantic Richfield Company from 1980 to 1995. He uses engineering analysis, mathematical modeling, and appropriate data collection and analysis techniques to evaluate the injection of gas and water into underground geologic formations and the production of oil, gas, and water from those formations. Randy specializes in reservoir evaluation, management, and simulation studies to estimate oil and gas reserves, and provides ultimate recovery estimates by predicting reservoir performance under alternate development plans and various reservoir drive mechanisms. These