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AMABILIO JOSE AIRES DE CAMARGO.Pdf AMABÍLIO JOSÉ AIRES DE CAMARGO ANÁLISE CLADÍSTICA DA SUBFAMÍLIA ARSENURINAE Jordan, 1922 (SATURNIIDAE, LEPIDOPTERA) E MORFOLOGIA DE Almeidaia aidae Mielke & Casagrande, 1981 (Almeidaiini) Tese apresentada à Coordenação do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Área de concentração em Entomologia, da Universidade Federal do Paraná, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do Título de Doutor em Ciências Biológicas. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Olaf Hermann Hendrik Mielke Co-orientadora: Profª. Drª. Mirna Martins Casagrande Curitiba 2005 SUMÁRIO AGRADECIMENTOS ....................................................................................................................... v RESUMO .......................................................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................... vii LISTA DE FIGURAS ..................................................................................................................... viii LISTA DE TABELAS E APÊNDICES ........................................................................................... xv LISTA DE TABELAS E APÊNDICES ........................................................................................... xv INTRODUÇÃO GERAL ................................................................................................................... 1 OBJETIVOS ...................................................................................................................................... 4 PARTE I - ANÁLISE CLADÍSTICA DE ARSENURINAE JORDAN, 1922................................. 5 1. INTRODUÇÃO .................................................................................................................... 5 2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS .................................................................................................. 7 2.1. Material incluído nas análises ...................................................................................... 7 2.2. Caracteres morfológicos considerados e metodologia cladística ............................... 10 2.3. Estratégia de análise ................................................................................................... 11 2.4. Metodologia de laboratório ........................................................................................ 11 3. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO ........................................................................................ 13 3.1. Análise cladística no âmbito da subfamília ................................................................ 13 3.1.1. Caracteres incluídos na análise .......................................................................... 13 3.1.2. Subfamília Arsenurinae como grupo monofilético ............................................ 40 3.1.3. As tribos como grupos monofiléticos ................................................................ 42 3.1.4. Os gêneros como grupos monofiléticos ............................................................. 42 3.1.5. Hipótese de parentesco entre os gêneros de Arsenurinae .................................. 44 3.2. Análise cladística no âmbito dos gêneros ................................................................... 50 3.2.1. Copiopteryx Duncan, 1841 ................................................................................ 50 3.2.1.1. Caracteres incluídos na análise ...................................................................... 50 3.2.1.2. Hipótese de parentesco entre as espécies ...................................................... 66 3.2.2. Rhescyntis Hübner, [1819] ................................................................................. 68 3.2.2.1. Caracteres incluídos na análise ...................................................................... 68 3.2.2.2. Hipótese de parentesco entre as espécies ...................................................... 87 3.2.3. Arsenura Duncan, 1841 .................................................................................... 89 3.2.3.1. Caracteres incluídos na análise ...................................................................... 89 3.2.3.2. Hipótese de parentesco entre as espécies .................................................... 120 3.2.4. Caio Travassos & Noronha, 1968 .................................................................... 127 3.2.4.1. Caracteres incluídos na análise .................................................................... 127 1.3.2.4.2. Hipótese de parentesco entre as espécies ................................................. 143 3.2.5. Dysdaemonia Hübner, [1819] ......................................................................... 145 3.2.5.1. Caracteres incluídos na análise .................................................................... 145 3.2.5.2 Hipótese de parentesco entre as espécies .......................................................... 158 3.2.6. Titaea Hübner, [1823] .................................................................................... 160 3.2.6.1. Caracteres incluídos na análise .................................................................... 160 3.2.6.2. Hipótese de parentesco entre as espécies .................................................... 174 3.2.7. Paradaemonia Bouvier, 1925 ......................................................................... 177 3.2.7.1. Caracteres incluídos na análise .................................................................... 177 3.2.7.2. Hipótese de parentesco entre as espécies .................................................... 197 PARTE II - ESTUDO DA MORFOLOGIA EXTERNA DE Almeidaia aidae Mielke & Casagrande, 1981 (LEPIDOPTERA, SATURNIIDAE, ARSENURINAE, ALMEIDAIINI) ...... 203 1. INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................................ 203 2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS .............................................................................................. 204 3. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO ...................................................................................... 205 3.1. Cabeça e apêndices (Figuras 289-296) ..................................................................... 205 3.1.1. Antenas (Figura 294) ....................................................................................... 208 3.1.2. Labro (Figura 289) ........................................................................................... 209 3.1.3. Maxilas (Figura 292) ....................................................................................... 209 iii 3.1.4. Lábio (Figura 292) ........................................................................................... 210 3.1.5. Esclerito cervical (Figura 296) ........................................................................ 210 3.2. Tórax e apêndices (Figuras 297-308) ....................................................................... 211 3.2.1. Protórax (Figuras 297-299) .............................................................................. 211 3.2.2. Mesotórax (Figsuras 297-299) ......................................................................... 212 3.2.3. Metatórax (Figuras 297-299) ........................................................................... 214 3.2.4. Tégulas (Figura 300) ........................................................................................ 216 3.2.5. Asas anteriores (Figuras 301-302) ................................................................... 216 3.2.6. Asas posteriores (Figura 303) .......................................................................... 218 3.2.7. Pernas (Figuras 304-308) ................................................................................. 218 3.2.8. Distitarso (Figuras 307-308) ............................................................................ 220 3.3. Abdome e apêndices (Figuras 309-321) ................................................................... 221 3.3.1. Genitália do macho .......................................................................................... 223 3.3.2. Genitália da fêmea ........................................................................................... 226 3.4. Morfologia comparada: alguns aspectos .................................................................. 228 3.4.1. Cabeça e apêndices .......................................................................................... 228 3.4.2. Tórax e apêndices ............................................................................................ 230 3.4.3. Abdome e apêndices ........................................................................................ 231 CONCLUSÕES ............................................................................................................................. 232 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ........................................................................................... 235 APÊNDICES .................................................................................................................................. 241 iv AGRADECIMENTOS Instituições À Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária – EMBRAPA, especialmente ao Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Cerrados – CPAC e ao Departamento de Zoologia da Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR que proporcionaram os meios para a realização desse trabalho. Ao Museu Nacional da Universidade Federal do Rio de
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