DOCSLIB.ORG

Synthetic Ligands of Olfactory Binding Proteins Modulate Aggregation Response of Asian Citrus Psyllid in the Presence of Host-Plant Volatiles

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Synthetic Ligands of Olfactory Binding Proteins Modulate Aggregation Response of Asian Citrus Psyllid in the Presence of Host-Plant Volatiles fpls-09-01891 December 18, 2018 Time: 19:6 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 20 December 2018 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01891 Synthetic Ligands of Olfactory Binding Proteins Modulate Aggregation Response of Asian Citrus Psyllid in the Presence of Host-Plant Volatiles Joseph M. Patt1*, William G. Meikle2, Randall P. Niedz1 and Daniel Woods3 1 USDA-ARS U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States, 2 USDA-ARS Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, Tucson, AZ, United States, 3 Inscent, Inc., Irvine, CA, United States There is interest in using ligands of chemosensory binding proteins (CBP) to augment an insect’s responsiveness to chemosensory cues. We showed previously that combining a synthetic ligand of a CBP with limonene, a common citrus volatile, enhanced the probing response of Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri). Here, we determined whether synthetic compounds, which were ligands of D. citri olfactory binding protein (OBP) Edited by: Alberto Urbaneja, DCSAP4, influenced the settling and aggregation levels of psyllids on young citrus Instituto Valenciano shoots. The test ligands and Cmac scent were dispensed from a droplet of an emulsified de Investigaciones Agrarias, Spain wax product (SPLAT) placed on the bottom of each vial. The shoots were presented: Reviewed by: Irina T. Sinakevitch, (1) alone (shoot C blank SPLAT), (2) with a mixture of citrus volatiles (“Cmac scent”) Arizona State University, United States (shoot C SPLAT with Cmac scent), or (3) with different concentrations of test ligands Sandra Vacas, (shoot C SPLAT with test ligand at concentration 1, shoot C SPLAT with test ligand Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain at concentration 2, etc.). Depending on the availability of test ligands, sprigs, and *Correspondence: psyllids, each test included from two to four replicates of each treatment (i.e., shoot Joseph M. Patt only, shoot C Cmac scent, shoot C test ligand at concentration 1, shoot C test ligand [email protected] at concentration 2, etc.); only a single test ligand was presented in each test. For each Specialty section: test, 200 D. citri were released in the test area and the numbers of psyllids on each sprig This article was submitted to were counted 24 h later. Sprigs with ≥7 psyllids were considered to be an aggregation. Plant Microbe Interactions, a section of the journal A total of seven ligands were tested individually. Four of the ligands (654, 717, 784, Frontiers in Plant Science and 861) modulated psyllid settling and aggregation response, causing greater settling Received: 17 September 2018 and aggregation to sprigs presented with the Cmac scent than to those sprigs with Accepted: 06 December 2018 blank SPLAT. Presentation of one of the ligands (019) resulted in an opposite effect in Published: 20 December 2018 which psyllid settling and aggregation levels were lower on sprigs with Cmac scent than Citation: Patt JM, Meikle WG, Niedz RP on those with blank SPLAT. There were no differences in settling levels in the different and Woods D (2018) Synthetic treatment vials in the Ligand 905 experiment. In the Ligand 937 experiment, settling Ligands of Olfactory Binding Proteins Modulate Aggregation Response levels did not vary significantly between treatment vials although settling levels were of Asian Citrus Psyllid in the Presence relatively high in all treatment vials and there was a significant treatment effect. Increased of Host-Plant Volatiles. settling and aggregation levels were largely not observed with in the vials with only the Front. Plant Sci. 9:1891. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01891 test ligands, and there was little effect of ligand concentration on psyllid response levels. Frontiers in Plant Science| www.frontiersin.org 1 December 2018| Volume 9| Article 1891 fpls-09-01891 December 18, 2018 Time: 19:6 # 2 Patt et al. OBP Ligands Modulate Psyllid Aggregation This suggests that the test ligands themselves did not attract the psyllids but rather modulated the psyllid’s response to the Cmac scent. The results suggest that synthetic ligands of D. citri CBPs can be used to increase the effectiveness of citrus scent lures used to attract psyllids to monitoring traps and attract and kill devices. Keywords: citrus greening, insect attractant, Diaphorina citri, ligand, chemosensory binding protein, volatile, semiochemical INTRODUCTION olfactory cues (Zhou et al., 2010). Although the D. citri antenna has relatively few sensillar hairs (Onagbola et al., 2008), The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama) transcriptome analysis revealed that these structures contain (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is the vector of Candidatus Liberibacter numerous olfactory receptors, OBPs, and associated proteins asiaticus, the causal agent of citrus greening disease or (Wu et al., 2016) and electrophysiological studies demonstrated Huanglongbing (Halbert and Manjunath, 2004; Grafton- response to a large number of volatile compounds from several Cardwell et al., 2013; Hall et al., 2013). Citrus greening is the chemical classes (Coutinho-Abreu et al., 2014a,b). To evaluate most devastating disease of citrus in the world today and has D. citri behavioral response to synthetic compounds identified as resulted in the loss of hundreds of thousands of hectares of putative ligands of antennal OBPs, Patt et al.(2013) measured citrus groves and billions of dollars in productivity (Bové, the number of salivary sheaths deposited in artificial midribs 2006; Gottwald, 2010; Wang and Trivedi, 2013; Spreen et al., made from an emulsified wax, commonly called SPLAT (ISCA 2014). ACP inhabits citrus trees in both commercial groves and Tech, Inc.). They found that probing level was significantly higher residential areas and can move over large distances in a relatively in midribs containing a mixture of limonene and a particular short time (Boina et al., 2009; Tiwari et al., 2010; Martini et al., synthetic ligand than in midribs containing either limonene or 2014; Lewis-Rosenblum et al., 2015). the ligand alone. This result indicated that the addition of an OBP Detection and monitoring efforts currently rely on tap ligand could enhance the responsiveness of D. citri to naturally sampling, direct visual counts, and yellow sticky card traps (Hall occurring citrus foliar volatiles. et al., 2007;Sétamou et al., 2008; Qureshi et al., 2009; Hall and In this study, we used a settling vial assay to determine whether Hentz, 2010; Hall et al., 2010); the former are labor intensive while the presence of putative ligands of D. citri OBPs influenced the the latter may provide inconsistent results. There is a great need psyllid’s settling and aggregation levels on young citrus shoots, for more reliable monitoring methods to effectively detect psyllid both when the shoots were presented alone or in combination infiltration into citrus producing areas, monitor their population with a mixture of citrus volatiles. densities, and track the efficacy of control measures. D. citri is attracted to the young shoots of Citrus and closely related genera. The tender shoots are the only place where it mates, oviposits, and MATERIALS AND METHODS develops (Halbert and Manjunath, 2004; Grafton-Cardwell et al., 2013; Hall et al., 2013; Cifuentes-Arenas et al., 2018). The stimuli Study Plants and Insects involved in host plant location and selection behavior by D. citri Psyllids used in the experiments were obtained from a colony of encompass a combination of visual cues (Wenninger et al., 2009b; D. citri maintained at the USDA-ARS laboratory in Fort Pierce, Sétamou et al., 2014; Paris et al., 2015, 2017a,b), constitutive and FL, United States. Young sprigs were obtained from potted Citrus induced host plant volatiles (Patt and Sétamou, 2010; Mann et al., macrophylla (Wester) raised in a greenhouse at the same location. 2012; Patt et al., 2014; Stockton et al., 2016; Patt et al., 2018), and conspecifics’ pheromones (Wenninger et al., 2008; Martini et al., Selection of Novel Synthetic Ligands 2014; Stockton et al., 2017) and vibrational signals (Wenninger The synthetic compounds were initially identified as novel et al., 2009a; Rohde et al., 2013). Determining the identity of ligands of OBPs using the Attenu assay, a proprietary, high these stimuli is necessary to develop effective traps for detecting throughput assay developed by Inscent, Inc. Attenu uses the presence of adult psyllids and monitoring their population fluorescence quenching to identify the level of interaction density. between OBPs and potential ligands. When a putative ligand While visual cues are probably the primary long distance displaces a fluorescent marker from the binding pocket of an attractant for D. citri, olfactory cues could make an important OBP, the reduction in fluorescence indicates that the test ligand contribution at close range to trap effectiveness (Patt and reacted with the OBP. OBPs isolated from D. citri were used as Sétamou, 2010). However, the complexity and variation inherent screening targets to identify potential synthetic ligands. The most in citrus foliar volatiles makes it difficult to formulate scent lure reactive compounds were then screened to measure influence mixtures with the composition, proportion, and concentration on psyllid probing behavior (Patt et al., 2013). One synthetic needed to function effectively. compound, identification number 5276937, elicited the highest There is potential for using ligands of olfactory binding level of probing response by the psyllids. In the Attenu assay, this proteins (OBPs) as surrogate scent attractants, repellents,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Citrus Flushing Patterns, Diaphorina Citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Populations and Parasitism by Tamarixia Radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Puerto Rico
    36 Florida Entomologist 91(1) March 2008 CITRUS FLUSHING PATTERNS, DIAPHORINA CITRI (HEMIPTERA: PSYLLIDAE) POPULATIONS AND PARASITISM BY TAMARIXIA RADIATA (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) IN PUERTO RICO RICHARD W. H. PLUKE, JAWWAD A. QURESHI AND PHILIP A. STANSLY Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida/IFAS Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, 2686 SR 29N, Immokalee, FL 34142, USA ABSTRACT Discovery of citrus greening disease or Huanglongbing in Brazil and Florida has elevated the vector psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), to key pest status in both re- gions. Detected in Puerto Rico within 3 years of first detection in Florida, the psyllid ap- peared to be relatively scarce in the Island’s limited citrus and alternate rutaceous host, orange jasmine, Murraya paniculata. Monthly surveys were conducted at 4 locations during 2004 through 2005 to evaluate citrus flushing patterns, psyllid densities, and prevalence of parasitism by Tamarixia radiata. Although low levels of D. citri are known to be established in the high, cool areas of Adjuntas, a total lack of psyllids at the particular study location was attributed to scarcity of flush except for a short period in Feb. Greatest and most prolonged production of new flush, highest psyllid numbers, and greatest incidence of parasitism oc- curred at Isabela, the most coastal location and the only one with irrigated citrus. Favorable climate and irrigation resulted in prolonged availability of new foliage needed to maintain populations of psyllids and consequently its parasitoid. There, apparent parasitism of late instars was estimated to average 70% and approached 100% on 3 different occasions. Tam- arixia radiata also was found parasitizing psyllid nymphs in orange jasmine at the rate of 48% and 77% at Río Piedras and San Juan, respectively, approaching 100% on 5 occasions during spring and summer.
    [Show full text]
  • Biocontrol Program Targets Asian Citrus Psyllid in California's Urban
    REVIEW ARTICLE Biocontrol program targets Asian citrus psyllid in California’s urban areas Two parasitoids of the Asian citrus psyllid, from Pakistan, have been released in Southern California with promising results. by Ivan Milosavljević, Kelsey Schall, Christina Hoddle, David Morgan and Mark Hoddle sian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Ku- wayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), has emerged as Abstract Athe most important exotic insect pest of citrus in California. Damage is two-fold. First, psyllids cause In California, Asian citrus psyllid vectors the bacterium Candidatus direct injury to citrus through feeding on phloem juice Liberibacter asiaticus, which causes the lethal citrus disease in immature foliage, deforming the leaves (Halbert and huanglongbing. The top priority for California’s citrus industry has been Manjunath 2004); and second, and more importantly, to diminish the rate of bacterium spread by reducing Asian citrus psyllid they vector the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asi- populations in urban areas, where this pest primarily resides. Attempts aticus (CLas), which causes the lethal and untreatable at eradicating and containing the psyllid with insecticides were citrus disease, huanglongbing (HLB), also called citrus unsuccessful. An alternative approach has been a classical biological greening disease. control program using two parasitoids from Pakistan, Tamarixia radiata Characteristic symptoms associated with CLas in- and Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis, which attack the psyllid nymphs. fection are reduced vigor, foliar discoloration and die- T. radiata has established widely and, in combination with generalist back, misshapen fruit with bitter juice and malformed predators, natural enemies are providing substantial control of psyllids seeds, premature fruit drop, overall yield reductions in urban areas. and, ultimately, tree death (Gottwald 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Tamarixia Radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) 3 Diaphorina Citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae): Mass Rearing and Potential Use of the Parasitoid in Brazil
    Journal of Integrated Pest Management (2016) 7(1): 5; 1–11 doi: 10.1093/jipm/pmw003 Profile Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) 3 Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae): Mass Rearing and Potential Use of the Parasitoid in Brazil Jose´Roberto Postali Parra, Gustavo Rodrigues Alves, Alexandre Jose´Ferreira Diniz,1 and Jaci Mendes Vieira Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, Av. Padua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil ([email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]), and 1Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Received 3 July 2015; Accepted 15 January 2016 Downloaded from Abstract Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most serious disease affecting citriculture worldwide. Its vector in the main produc- ing regions is the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Brazil has the larg- est orange-growing area and is also the largest exporter of processed juice in the world. Since the first detection http://jipm.oxfordjournals.org/ of the disease in this country, >38 million plants have been destroyed and pesticide consumption has increased considerably. During early research on control methods, the parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Waterston, 1922) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was found in Brazil. Subsequent studies focused on its bio-ecological aspects and distribution in citrus-producing regions. Based on successful preliminary results for biological control with T. radiata in small areas, mass rearing was initiated for mass releases in Brazilian conditions. Here, we review the Brazilian experience using T. radiata in D. citri control, with releases at sites of HLB outbreaks, adjacent to commercial areas, in abandoned groves, areas with orange jessamine (a psyllid host), and backyards.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioral Response of Tamarixia Radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) to Volatiles Emanating from Diaphorina Citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Citrus
    J Insect Behav (2010) 23:447–458 DOI 10.1007/s10905-010-9228-6 Behavioral Response of Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) to Volatiles Emanating from Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Citrus R. S. Mann & J. A. Qureshi & P. A. Stansly & L. L. Stelinski Revised: 5 August 2010 /Accepted: 16 August 2010 / Published online: 25 August 2010 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 Abstract Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an effective idiobiont ectoparasitoid of the psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), vector of the huanglongbing (HLB). We examined the olfactory responses of T. radiata to volatiles emanating from D. citri or plant volatiles using a custom designed T-maze olfactometer and open arena bioassays. We also examined the behavioral response of male and female T. radiata to conspecifics of the opposite sex to determine whether olfactory signals mediate mate location. T. radiata adults exhibited a sexually dimorphic response to volatiles emanating from D. citri and citrus. Female T. radiata responded positively to the odors emanating from D. citri nymphs in both olfactometer and open arena bioassays. However, female wasps showed no response to odors emanating from D. citri adults, D. citri honey dew secretions, intact citrus or orange jasmine leaves. Odors emanating from D. citri damaged citrus were not attractive to T. radiata females but stimulated attraction of wasps to D. citri on damaged plants. T. radiata females were not attracted to D. citri immatures when they were presented as visual cues. Male T. radiata did not show attraction to D. citri nymphs or other putative odors that were attractive to female T.
    [Show full text]
  • Incidence of Invasive Diaphorina Citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Its Introduced Parasitoid Tamarixia Radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Florida Citrus
    HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY Incidence of Invasive Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Its Introduced Parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Florida Citrus 1,2 3 4 1 JAWWAD A. QURESHI, MICHAEL E. ROGERS, DAVID G. HALL, AND PHILIP A. STANSLY Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida/IFAS, SWFREC, 2686 State Road 29 North, Immokalee, FL 34142 J. Econ. Entomol. 102(1): 247Ð256 (2009) ABSTRACT Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), vectors the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, one of the causal organisms of the devastating citrus disease “huanglongbing” or citrus greening. In the United States, D. citri was Þrst discovered in Florida, in 1998. Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was imported from Asia and released in Florida in 1999Ð2001 to improve biological control of D. citri before citrus greening was detected in Florida in 2005. Florida citrus groves were surveyed during 2006Ð2007 for D. citri and T. radiata. Results showed that D. citri was established in all 28 citrus groves surveyed across 16 counties. Adult populations averaged 3.52, 1.27, and 1.66 individuals per “tap” sample at locations in the central, southwest, and eastern coastal regions, respectively. A tap sample consisted of 22- by 28-cm white paper sheet (on a clipboard) held under branches selected at random that were tapped three times. Averages of 67, 44, and 45% citrus shoots infested with psyllid eggs or nymphs were obtained in the central, southwest, and eastern coastal regions, respectively. T. radiata was recovered from fourth- and Þfth-instar psyllid nymphs at 26 of the 28 locations. However, apparent parasitism rates were variable and averaged Ͻ20% during spring and summer over all locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Tamarixia Radiata Behaviour Is Influenced by Volatiles from Both
    insects Article Tamarixia radiata Behaviour is Influenced by Volatiles from Both Plants and Diaphorina citri Nymphs Yan-Mei Liu 1,2 , Shu-Hao Guo 1, Fei-Feng Wang 1, Li-He Zhang 2, Chang-Fei Guo 2, Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson 3, Bao-Li Qiu 1,2 and Wen Sang 1,2,* 1 Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; [email protected] (Y.-M.L.); [email protected] (S.-H.G.); wff[email protected] (F.-F.W.); [email protected] (B.-L.Q.) 2 Engineering Research Center of Biological control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, China; [email protected] (L.-H.Z.); [email protected] (C.-F.G.) 3 Independent Science Advisor, York YO41 1LZ, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-20-8528-3717 Received: 7 March 2019; Accepted: 13 May 2019; Published: 16 May 2019 Abstract: Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) is an important ectoparasitoid of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, a globally destructive pest of citrus. In the present study, a Y-tube olfactometer was employed to investigate whether the parasitoid T. radiata is capable of utilizing the odour source emitted by both plants and insect hosts during its foraging. The odour sources included Murraya paniculata (L.) shoots, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th D. citri instar nymphs, both individually and in combinations. Moreover, nymph-stage choice for parasitism, including 3rd, 4th, and 5th D. citri instar nymphs, was carried out. The results indicated that female T. radiata were only significantly attracted to volatiles emitted by M.
    [Show full text]
  • MANUAL DE Tamarixia Radiata
    MANUAL DE REPRODUCCIÓN MASIVA DE Tamarixia radiata Principal parasitoide del psílido asiático de los cítricos, vector del HLB MANUAL DE REPRODUCCIÓN MASIVA DE Tamarixia radiata Principal parasitoide del psílido asiático de los cítricos, vector del HLB Primera edición 2015 Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria. (SENASICA) Diseño Editorial Unidad de Promoción y Vinculación - SENASICA ISBN: Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la reproducción, total o parcial de este libro ni el almacenamiento en un sistema informático, ni la transmisión de cualquier forma o cualquier medio, electrónico, mecánico, fotocopia, registro u otros medios sin el permiso previo y por escrito de los titulares del copyrigth. Directorio Lic. José Eduardo Calzada Rovirosa Secretario de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación. M.V.Z. Enrique Sánchez Cruz Director en jefe del Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria. Dr. Francisco Javier Trujillo Arriaga Director General de Sanidad Vegetal. M.C. José Abel López Buenfil Director del Centro Nacional de Referencia Fitosanitaria. M.C. Hugo César Arredondo Bernal Subdirector del Centro Nacional de Referencia de Control Biológico Centro Nacional de Referencia de Control Biológico Km 1.5 Carretera Tecomán-Estación FFCC Col. Tepeyac. C.P. 28110 Tecomán, Col. México Tel: (313) 324 0745 Fax: (313) 324 2773 Correo electrónico: [email protected] Dirigido por: M.C. Hugo Cesar Arredondo Bernal Elaborado por: Ing. Jorge Antonio Sánchez González Biol. Nora Isabel Vizcarra Valdez Ing. Gabriel Moreno Carrillo Ing. Raul Antonio Alpizar Puente Biol. Yadira Contreras Bermúdez Biol. Denise Esmeralda Sandoval Rodríguez Dr. Martín Palomares Pérez Dr. Jaime González Cabrera Biol.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Control of Diaphorina Citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)
    Biological control of Diaphorina citri in Guadeloupe Original article Biological control of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Guadeloupe by imported Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) Jean Étiennea*, Serge Quilicib, Daniel Marivala, Antoine Franckb a Inra-URPV, Biological control of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Domaine Duclos, in Guadeloupe by imported Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). 97170 Petit-Bourg, Abstract — Introduction. The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is particu- Guadeloupe, France larly harmful to citrus plantations as it is one of the two psyllid vectors of the citrus greening b disease or Huanglongbing. This disease, which limits the longevity of trees, is due to an intra- Cirad Réunion, cellular bacterium which mainly affects the phloem. Past experience of biological control Pôle de Protection des Plantes, of D. citri in Reunion Island. In Reunion Island, this disease, detected in 1967, was the main 7 Chemin de L’Irat, obstacle to the development of the cultivation of citrus fruit. Control of the vector D. citri, by 97410 Saint-Pierre, introducing from India and multiplying on site the specific parasitoid Tamarixia radiata La Réunion, France (Waterston), was carried out during 1978 when nearly 4600 adult parasitoids were released. The success of T. radiata combined with the distribution of healthy plant material was at the [email protected] origin of the revival of the cultivation of citrus fruit in Reunion Island. Programme for a [email protected] biological control of D. citri in Guadeloupe. In Guadeloupe, D. citri was reported in Jan- uary 1998. No trace of insect parasitism was found and only one fungus, Hirsutella citriformis Speare, proved, under certain conditions, capable of regulating the populations of this psyl- lid.
    [Show full text]
  • APP201955: an Application to Release Tamarixia Triozae As a Biological Control for the Tomato Potato Psyllid (Bactericera Cockerelli)
    Staff Assessment Report APP201955: An application to release Tamarixia triozae as a biological control for the tomato potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) April 2016 Purpose To release from containment the psyllid parasitoid Tamarixia triozae into New Zealand to assist with the biological control of the tomato potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) Application number APP201955 Application type Notified, full release Applicant Horticulture New Zealand Inc. Date formally received 27 January 2016 2 EPA advice for application APP201955 Executive Summary and Recommendation In January 2015, Horticulture New Zealand Inc. applied to the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) to introduce the psyllid parasitoid Tamarixia triozae as a biological control agent (BCA) for the tomato potato psyllid (TPP; Bactericera cockerelli). The application was submitted on behalf of Potatoes New Zealand Inc., Tomatoes NZ Inc., Heinz-Wattie’s NZ Ltd, Vegetables NZ Inc., and NZ Tamarillo Growers Association Inc. We examined the efficacy of T. triozae to control TPP and curb transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum, the causal agent of Zebra Chip disease, to horticulture crop plants, and the beneficial and adverse effects on the environment, market economy and on Māori and their relationship to the environment. Our assessment found that we consider it likely that the release of T. triozae will improve management of TPP which will support development of new integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. We consider it likely that IPM programmes will reduce applications of broad-spectrum insecticides which will improve the environmental impact of horticulture practices. We also consider the use of T. triozae will benefit Māori who use traditional (organic) pest control methods to cultivate taewa, kūmara and poroporo.
    [Show full text]
  • An Asian Citrus Psyllid Parasitoid Tamarixia Radiata (Waterston) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)1
    Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. EENY 475 an Asian citrus psyllid parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)1 Rajinder S. Mann and Lukasz L. Stelinski2 Introduction 2004), and specimens have been found throughout the U.S., including Florida, Texas, Hawaii, Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, South Eulophidae) is an effective ectoparasitoid of the Carolina, and California (National Invasive Species Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama Information Center). (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Diaphorina citri is one of the most serious pests of citrus worldwide because it Currently all possible vector and disease control vectors the bacterial pathogen causing huanglongbing methods are being employed to manage HLB in (HLB) disease in citrus. In addition, both nymphs Florida including biological control with Tamarixia and adults are obligate phloem feeders that cause radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and chlorosis on infested leaves and excrete honeydew Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee, Alam and that promotes the growth of sooty mold. HLB affects Agarwal) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) (Hoy et al. plant phloem, causing yellow shoots, mottling, 2006, Qureshi et al. 2009). Tamarixia radiata is chlorosis, and twig die back which cause rapid tree presumed superior to D. aligarhensis based on decline and may ultimately cause tree death. Fruit on previous reports of high psyllid parasitization rates diseased trees do not color properly, and can be bitter and rapid establishment in new areas (Aubert 1987, tasting and misshapen as well as reduced in size Skelly and Hoy 2004). Release of T. radiata revived (Capoor 1963, Halbert and Manjunath 2004, Bové the citrus industry in Reunion Island after its 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • On Diaphorina Citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) at Different Temperatures
    Life Table of Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) at Different Temperatures Author(s): Mariuxi Lorena Gómez-Torres, Dori Edson Nava, and José Roberto Postali Parra Source: Journal of Economic Entomology, 105(2):338-343. 2012. Published By: Entomological Society of America DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EC11280 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1603/EC11280 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. BIOLOGICAL AND MICROBIAL CONTROL Life Table of Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) at Different Temperatures MARIUXI LORENA GO´ MEZ-TORRES,1 DORI EDSON NAVA,2 1 AND JOSE´ ROBERTO POSTALI PARRA J. Econ. Entomol. 105(2): 338Ð343 (2012); DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EC11280 ABSTRACT Tamarixia radiata (Waterston, 1922) is the main parasitoid of Diaphorina citri (Ku- wayama, 1907), and has been used in classical biological control programs in several countries.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Way to Control Invasive Ants
    A New Way to Control Invasive Ants www.CitrusResearch.org | Citrograph Magazine 1 CRB-FUNDED RESEARCH PROGRESS REPORT Figure 1. An Argentine ant feeds from an alginate hydrogel bead filled with toxic liquid bait. Harnessing Hydrogels in the Battle Against Invasive Ants Could a hydrogel baiting system solve Argentine ant problems in southern California citrus? Kelsey Schall, Jia-Wei Tay, Ashok Mulchandani, Dong-Hwan Choe and Mark Hoddle Project Summary Despite the substantial economic threat Argentine ants (AA) pose to California’s citrus industry, control options that are effective, low-maintenance, target-specific and environmentally sustainable are lacking. This report describes progress made in the development and field evaluation of a hydrogel baiting system that eliminates the negative features associated with standard industry treatments for ant control while rivaling them in efficacy. AA cause damage by forming beneficial relationships with Why is Argentine Ant Control honeydew-producing hemipterans (HPHs – i.e., sap-sucking insects such as aphids, psyllids, mealybugs, whiteflies and Necessary? scales), many of which are invasive, economically-damaging The southern California citrus agroecosystem provides pests. Ant workers tend HPHs for the sweet, energy-rich waste a climatically optimal environment for the invasive1 AA, they produce (honeydew) and guard their highly valued replete with resources and devoid of natural enemies or “livestock” from the natural enemy “wolves” we depend on for encroaching competitor ants. Consequently, the vast majority biological control2 (biocontrol) (Figure 3; Schall and Hoddle of commercial citrus in southern California sustain heavy, 2017). persistent AA infestations (Figure 2). 30 Citrograph Vol. 9, No. 3 | Summer 2018 Figure 3.
    [Show full text]