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Sir Roger Bradshaigh, 3Rd Baronet, and the Electoral Management of Wigan, 1695-1747 by Marjorie Cox, M.A

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Sir Roger Bradshaigh, 3Rd Baronet, and the Electoral Management of Wigan, 1695-1747 by Marjorie Cox, M.A SIR ROGER BRADSHAIGH, 3RD BARONET, AND THE ELECTORAL MANAGEMENT OF WIGAN, 1695-1747 BY MARJORIE COX, M.A. I MONG the Crawford MSS. deposited in the John Rylands ALibrary is a collection of Bradshaigh papers which include correspondence and documents throwing light on the electoral management of the borough of Wigan during the period 1695 to 1747, when Sir Roger Bradshaigh, the third baronet, repre­ sented the town in parliament. The fullest evidence, that of the letters of Bradshaigh's fellow-member, Lord Barrymore, and of his legal adviser, Alexander Leigh, is for the Hanoverian period, from 1715 onwards, but there are copies of the polls at Wigan in the elections of 1695, 1701, 1702, and 1708, and a number of legal papers, which make it possible, with the help of the Kenyon MSS., to reconstruct an outline of electoral affairs before 1715.1 Wigan, at the end of the seventeenth century, was " a pretty market town built of stone and brick " : it had flourishing industries of brass and pewter manufacture, blanket and rug making and bell-casting.2 In the first few 1 For the bulk of the material used in this article I wish to thank Lord Crawford, who has not only given me permission to use the manuscripts deposited by him in the John Rylands Library, but has also kindly lent other relevant papers, including the letters of George Winstanley. I am also indebted to Lord Kenyon for permission to use the Kenyon MSS. deposited in the Lancashire County Record Office (the printed Kenyon MSS. are in the Historical Manuscripts Commission Report, xiv. App. iv); to the Duke of Portland for the Portland MSS. deposited in the British Museum ; to the Marquess of Cholmondeley for the Cholmondeley (Houghton) MSS. deposited in the Cambridge University Library; and to the Librarian of Wigan Public Library for various documents in his keeping. 2 C. Morris (ed.), The Journeys of Celia Fiennes (1947), p. 185; Victoria County History, Lancashire, iv. 57-122. The parish of Wigan, which included, besides the borough, eleven townships, had a population of approximately 5,000 in the reign of George I. Bishop Gastrell, Notitia Cestriensis, Chetham Society (1845-50), ii.pt. 2,242. 120 SIR ROGER BRADSHAIGH 121 decades of the century, various local improvements were made or projected : an act was secured in 1720 for making the River Douglas navigable from the Ribble to Wigan, but work on the scheme was not begun until 1738, when it was completed within a few years; in 1726 acts authorized the improvement of the roads from Wigan to Warrington and to Preston.1 Such improvements were for the benefit not only of the town, but of the surrounding coal mines. Probably the most famous of these, producing a very fine coal known as cannel, were owned by the Bradshaighs of Haigh. Haigh Hall, the Bradshaigh seat, lay about two miles north-east of Wigan in the township of Haigh, " a large and hansome building with fine gardens and plantations about it". The demesne lands totalled 500 acres in 1673, and, in addition, the Bradshaighs owned land elsewhere in the township, and land and houses in the borough of Wigan.2 The third Bradshaigh baronet attracts attention by the length of his parliamentary career and the apparent variety of his political allegiances. He sat as member for Wigan from 1695, when he was a minor, until 1747, when he was preparing, just before his death, to stand again.3 His career has usually been described as Tory until 1715, and from then Whig; but such an analysis, on a rigid two-party basis, distorts his develop­ ment.4 In his first Parliament he was one of the extreme semi- Jacobite Tory opposition, following the lead of his guardian and fellow-member, Peter Shakerley, and the two members for Newton, Legh Bankes and Thomas Brotherton, but he 1 R. Sharpe France, Lancashire Acts of Parliament, 1415-1800 (1945), pp. 1 and 26 ; A. P. Wadsworth and J. de L. Mann, The Cotton Trade and Industrial Lancashire, 1600-1780 (1931), p. 216 n. 2 B.M. Add. MS. 24,120, fol. 141 ; A. J. Hawkes, "Sir Roger Bradshaigh 1628-84 ", Chetham Miscellanies, n.s., viii (1945), 61-3. 3 Bradshaigh's pride in his long representation of Wigan is shown in his reply to Thomas Wooton's inquiry for his Baronetage in 1725: "... has sat in Parliament as a Member for that place ever since which is now above 32 years, this is more then can be said of any Gentleman of his age in England." B.M. Add. MS. 24,120, fol. 140. On his death The Gentleman's Magazine described him as " the oldest member in the house of commons ", xvii. 103. 4 D. Sinclair, History of Wigan, 11. (1882), 190 ; W. D. Pink and A. B. Beavan, The Parliamentary Representation of Lancashire (1889), pp. 230-3. 122 THE JOHN RYLANDS LIBRARY seems to have stood aside from the party conflicts at the end of the reign of William III. By 1706 he had diverged from Shakerley (and from his fellow-member, Orlando Bridgeman) on the Tack, and was reckoned a Government supporter. (In the division on tacking the Occasional Conformity Bill to a Money Bill and thus forcing it through the Lords, the moderate Harleyite Tories sided with the Whigs.) He continued as such after Robert Harley and his associates had left the ministry, voting even for the impeachment of Sacheverell.1 After the change of ministry in 1710 he corresponded assiduously with those in authority, locally and centrally, and his advice to the new Chancellor of the Duchy on local appointments served to secure for his brother, Thomas, a Duchy living in Essex.2 Bradshaigh's correspondence with Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, consists entirely of appeals for help in the form of office or more frequently of money. From June 1711 to August 1714 the letters formed an unremitting solicitation. In November 1711 he hoped for a place in the Victualling Office, and in December 1712 for Lord Fitzharding's place or any other vacant post. But persistently he begged for money: to pay debts under threat of execution of judgement during a parlia­ mentary recess (" my house will be rifled, my self and family exposed " he wrote); to meet the expenses of a law suit " I have been long engaged in for the benefit of my corporation and to keep up my interest there " ; to pay debts owing to Hoare's Bank, or to meet election expenses.3 It is not clear how much 1 This account of Bradshaigh's voting is based on the division lists described in R. Walcott's article, " Division Lists of the House of Commons, 1689-1715 ", Bull Inst. Hist. Res., xiv (1937), 25-36; E. S. de Beer, "Division Lists of 1688-1715, Some Addenda ", ibid, xix, 65-6; and for the later period on the lists in W. Cobbett's Parliamentary History and on information from Mr. J. B. Owen. It is possible that Bradshaigh failed to support the Government on a disputed election in December, 1741, see W. Coxe, Memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole, iii, Pt. ii, (1798), 582-3. 2 Rylands, Crawford MSS., Lord Berkeley of Stratton to Bradshaigh, 28 October 1714, and undated letter, "Monday"; P. Morant, History of Essex, ii. (1816), 245. 3 There are five letters from Bradshaigh to Oxford in the H.M.C. Portland MSS., v. 18, 151, 327, 381 and 387, and a further twenty-two letters in the Portland MSS. in the British Museum. Fitzharding held two posts, a Teller- SIR ROGER BRADSHAIGH 123 in total he asked for, for the requests were not satisfied quickly, and were continuous and repetitive, but Oxford's " Account of money laid out of my own for the Queen at several times " included issues to Bradshaigh of £1,000 and £200.* Only one division list survives for the Parliament of 1710, that on the French Commercial Treaty, in which the Government was heavily defeated through the defection of the Whimsicals and many other Tories. Bradshaigh, however, voted with the Government on the unpopular motion, against Shakerley and Lancashire Whimsicals such as Richard Shuttleworth and Robert Heysham. After the Hanoverian accession Bradshaigh was a constant supporter of the Government, voting for the Septennial and Peerage Bills, and after Walpole had secured power, for all the major Government measures including the Excise scheme. His status as a Government supporter after Walpole's fall was recognized by an invitation to the Cockpit meeting before the opening of the parliamentary session at the end of 1742.2 Among Lancashire members, his voting aligned him with the Liverpool Government Whigs, Sir Thomas Johnson, Thomas Brereton and Richard Gildart, and with Sir Henry Hoghton, but against the members for the county and for the borough of Newton, to which the Leghs of Lyme nominated. This constant attach­ ment to the Hanoverian Government did not secure him any office, although he seems to have had hopes between 1728 and 1730, but his reward in this period lay in the advancement of his sons.3 In analyzing the votes on the Spanish Convention in 1739, The Gentleman s Magazine listed Bradshaigh among the Court supporters, and commented: " His sons in the Army and at Court." His second son, Charles, held a commission in the Guards from 1726, and by 1743 had secured the post of Gentleman Usher, not, as his father had asked of Walpole ship of the Exchequer and the Treasurership of the Chamber, reputed to be worth £2,000 and £1,400 a year respectively.
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