LINUXIIN HELPOSTI Opas Linux Mint -Järjestelmään Turvallisesti

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LINUXIIN HELPOSTI Opas Linux Mint -Järjestelmään Turvallisesti LINUXIIN HELPOSTI Opas Linux Mint -järjestelmään turvallisesti Aatu Outinen Linuxiin helposti – Opas Linux Mint -järjestelmään turvallisesti 2 Linuxiin helposti - Opas Linux Mint -järjestelmään turvallisesti Tämä teos on lisensoitu Creative Commons Nimeä-JaaSamoin 4.0 Kansainvälinen -lisenssillä (CC BY-SA). En kuitenkaan suutu, jos nimeni jää mainitsematta jossain missä pitäisi, kunhan oppaan sisältämän aineiston avoimuus säilyy. Versio: 2021-01-24 Oppaan ensimmäinen versio on julkaistu 31.12.2016. Oppaan tämä versio on julkaistu verkossa 24.01.2021 osoitteessa http://ampeeri.fi/linux-opas/ Osa artikkeleista ovat vielä keskeneräisiä Oppaan kirjoittaja ja julkaisija: Aatu Outinen (aatuman(at)gmail.com) Muita kirjoittajia: Jere Sumell (jere.sumell(at)iki.fi) Kansikuva: Eero Oinonen Linuxiin helposti – Opas Linux Mint -järjestelmään turvallisesti 3 SISÄLLYSLUETTELO 1 JOHDANTO............................................................................................................................ 11 2 KÄYTTÖJÄRJESTELMISTÄ...................................................................................................12 2.1 Mikä on Linux?.................................................................................................................12 2.2 Historiaa ja muuta triviatietoa.....................................................................................13 2.2.1 UNIX ja 1970 -luku................................................................................................13 2.2.2 Linus Torvalds.......................................................................................................13 2.2.3 Käyttöjärjestelmä ja Linux..................................................................................14 2.2.4 Linux vs Windows.................................................................................................16 2.3 Erilaiset Linux-käyttöjärjestelmät...............................................................................18 2.3.1 Debian.................................................................................................................... 19 2.3.2 Ubuntu................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.3 Linux Mint..............................................................................................................22 2.3.4 LMDE...................................................................................................................... 23 2.3.5 Rullaava vs vakaa päivityssykli...........................................................................23 2.3.6 Työpöytäympäristöt............................................................................................24 3 ASENNUS JA KÄYTTÖÖNOTTO..........................................................................................25 3.1 Asennusmedia.................................................................................................................25 3.1.1 Asennusmedian valinta ja lataus.......................................................................26 3.1.2 Asennusmedian teko USB-tikkuun....................................................................27 3.1.3 Asennusmedian teko DVD:lle.............................................................................30 3.1.4 USB-asennusmedian käynnistys........................................................................31 3.2 Linuxin asennusohjelma................................................................................................32 3.3 Asennuksen jälkeen.......................................................................................................37 3.3.1 Päivityshallinta kuntoon.....................................................................................37 Linuxiin helposti – Opas Linux Mint -järjestelmään turvallisesti 4 3.3.2 Kielten asennus....................................................................................................39 3.3.3 Lisäajurit.................................................................................................................40 3.3.4 SSD-levyn käytön rajoitus...................................................................................42 3.3.5 Lepotilan käytöstä poistaminen........................................................................44 4 LINUXIN KÄYTTÖ...................................................................................................................46 4.1 Linux Mint aloittelijan pikaopas...................................................................................46 4.2 Komentorivin perusteet................................................................................................48 4.2.1 Tiedostojärjestelmän komennot.......................................................................50 4.2.2 Pakettienhallinnan komennot............................................................................53 4.2.3 Sekalaisia komentoja...........................................................................................55 4.2.4 Päätepaneeli Linux Mintin tiedostoselaimeen...............................................56 4.3 Linuxin tietoturva...........................................................................................................56 4.3.1 Käyttöjärjestelmän päivittäminen.....................................................................57 4.3.2 Virustorjunta.........................................................................................................58 4.3.3 Palomuuri...............................................................................................................59 4.3.4 Rootkit................................................................................................................... 60 4.3.5 Windows-ohjelmat uhkana?................................................................................60 4.4 Selaaminen internetissä................................................................................................61 4.4.1 Erilaiset selaimet..................................................................................................61 4.4.2 Selaimien tietoturva............................................................................................63 4.4.3 Selainten lisäosista...............................................................................................64 4.4.4 Turvallisen verkkosivun tarkistus......................................................................65 4.4.5 Mainokset, turhakkeet ja skriptit kuriin...........................................................66 4.4.6 Evästeet pois istunnon jälkeen..........................................................................66 4.4.7 Anna jäljittäjille kyytiä.........................................................................................68 Linuxiin helposti – Opas Linux Mint -järjestelmään turvallisesti 5 4.4.8 TOR-verkko peittää henkilöllisyyden................................................................69 4.4.9 Flash ei toimi, mitä teen?....................................................................................69 4.4.10 Tietojen tyhjennys selaimesta.........................................................................71 4.5 Linux Mintin ominaisuudet...........................................................................................71 4.5.1 Linux Mintin työpöytäympäristöt......................................................................72 4.5.2 Ohjelmisto.............................................................................................................75 4.5.3 Cinnamon-työpöydän ohjeita.............................................................................75 4.5.4 Linux Mintin ja Ubuntun eri versioiden koodinimet.......................................77 4.6 Asetukset......................................................................................................................... 78 4.6.1 Paneelit.................................................................................................................. 80 4.6.2 Äänen säätö...........................................................................................................80 4.6.3 Näytön asetukset kuntoon käynnistyessä.......................................................82 4.6.4 Käyttöoikeuksien muutos kansioille ja tiedostoille.......................................84 4.6.5 Käyttäjät ja ryhmät...............................................................................................85 4.6.6 Hiiren herkkyyden säätö.....................................................................................87 4.7 Internet-yhteys ja WLAN...............................................................................................89 4.7.1 WLAN internet-yhteys ei toimi..........................................................................89 4.8 Ohjelmien hallinta..........................................................................................................91 4.8.1 Ohjelman toimittajan pakettivarasto...............................................................92 4.8.2 Asennusohjelman valinta Ubuntu-version mukaan........................................93 4.8.3 TAR-paketin purku................................................................................................93 4.8.4 SH-pakettien ajaminen........................................................................................95 4.8.5 Makefile-asennus.................................................................................................96
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