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The Mountains and Glaciers of New Zealand*
T H E MOUNTAI NS AND GLAC I ERS OF NEW ZEALAND* By N. E. ODELL IN this lecture an outline was first given of the principal topographical features and geological formations of the country, with particular reference to the greater mountain ranges and groups, and to w hat is so far known of their structure and tectonics. New Zealand is a very mountainous country, in all three of its main islands, and geologicall y it is very young: this is markedly shown throughout in its scenery. Only a million years ago a la rge part of the North Island was under the sea, as well as certain areas of the South Isla nd : and 60 million years ago (Lower Eocene times) most of the present land-area of New Zealand was submerged. I There is evidence that the geological history of New Zealand has been one of almost con tinuous, and intense, tectonic activity, which is in contrast with most of the continental regions of the world. While the present volcanoes of the North Island are a Recent, or Pleistocene, feature, there appears, from the succession of earlier strata in many parts of the country, to have been repeated volcanic action in the past. But no volcanic rocks have been found throughout the full extent of 250 miles (400 km.) of the Southern Alps, which form the eccentric backbone of the South Island ; nor significantly, and unlike so many other great ranges of the earth, are there within the Alpine zone intrusive masses of igneous rocks. The Southern Alps, with such high peaks as Mounts Cook (12,349 ft., 3,765 m .), Tasman (11 ,475 ft., 3,500 m .), Sefton (10,359 ft. -
The Last Glacial Maximum and Deglaciation in Southern New Zealand: New Pollen-Climate Reconstructions
The Last Glacial Maximum and Deglaciation in Southern New Zealand: New Pollen-climate Reconstructions Sarah Louise Callard A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand July 2011 Abstract The project builds upon existing knowledge of late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental change and tests the recently developed New Zealand INTIMATE (Integration of Ice Marine and Terrestrial archive) climate event stratigraphy (NZ-I CES; 30-8 ka). Four pollen and sediment records from three climatically contrasting regions in the South Island provide a vegetation and climate history for this area between 38-4 ka. In this study, the Last Glacial Cold Period (LGCP; c. 31.4-18.9 ka) is characterised by a two step cooling, with the coldest conditions, reaching possibly >5.3 oC cooling, occurring between 21-19 ka, marking the Last Glacial Maximum. A new precipitation proxy using macrophyte pollen concentrations at an eastern South Island site suggests dominantly dry conditions prevailed during the LGCP except for two periods of wetter climate around 26-24 ka and 21 ka. The dry periods correspond with evidence of glacial advance, colder environments and possibly increased intensity of the southern westerlies. Conversely, the wet periods coincide with reduced glacial activity, milder climates and decreased westerly wind intensity. Deglaciation began between 18.9-18.4 ka followed by rapid climate amelioration culminating with Dacrydium cuppressinum-dominant lowland forest at western sites as early as 11.9 ka, indicative of the start of the Holocene. -
Of the Tasman Glacier
1 ICE DYNAMICS OF THE HAUPAPA/TASMAN GLACIER MEASURED AT HIGH SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL RESOLUTION, AORAKI/MOUNT COOK, NEW ZEALAND A THESIS Presented to the School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Victoria University of Wellington In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTERS OF SCIENCE By Edmond Anderson Lui, B.Sc., GradDipEnvLaw Wellington, New Zealand October, 2016 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS SIGNATURE PAGE .................................................................................................................... TITLE PAGE ............................................................................................................................................... 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................... 2 LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................................... 5 LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................................... 9 LIST OF EQUATIONS ...........................................................................................................................10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................11 MOTIVATIONS ........................................................................................................................................12 -
SIRG Ruapehu
Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) New Zealand Annual Workshop Mt Ruapehu 12th to 14th February 2007 Ruapehu Crater Lake from Tahurangi (2797m). Photo by Andrew Mackintosh PRESENTATION TIMETABLE Time Presenter Topic Monday 2:00 Heather and Welcome & Introduction Andrew 2:15 Trevor Chinn Glacier Mass Balance Measurements in N.Z. History and Development 2:30 Jordy Hendrix (for Glacier volume changes in the Southern Alps - Trends and Jim Salinger) variations from snowline monitoring 2:45 Andrew On the response of maritime glaciers to climatic change Mackintosh 3:00 Afternoon tea 3:30 Dorothea Stumm Index-stake Mass-balance measurements on Rolleston Glacier 3:45 Pascal Sirguey Operational and Improved Snow Mapping at Subpixel resolution in the Waitaki Basin using MODIS/TERRA 4:00 Tim Kerr Comparison of CROSS-Mountain precipitation profiles from around the world 4:15 Brian Anderson Response of KA ROIMATA O HINE HUKATERE Franz Josef Glacier to Climate Change 4:30 Uwe Morgenstern Ice dating on Tasman, Franz-Josef and Fox Glaciers 4:45 Simon Allen Geomorphic Hazard Modelling in the Mount Cook Region: Initial Results from ASTER based Glacial Lake MAPPING 5:00 Wolfgang Rack Tidal flexure and ice flux in the grounding zone of Jutulstraumen, Antarctica 7.00 pm Dinner at Lodge 8.00 pm Harry Keys After dinner talk about Mt Ruapehu Tuesday or Wednesday depending on weather 8:30 Shelly McDonnell Drainage system development of the Wright Lower Glacier, Antarctica, over a season 8:45 Martin Brook Late Quaternary glacial history of Mt Allen, southern Stewart -
Environmental Change and Tourism at Aoraki/Mt Cook National Park: Stakeholder Perspectives
Environmental change and tourism at Aoraki/Mt Cook National Park: Stakeholder perspectives Jude Wilson Heather Purdie Emma Stewart Stephen Espiner LEaP Research Report No. 41 December 2015 1 Environmental change and tourism at Aoraki/Mt Cook National Park: Stakeholder perspectives Environmental change and tourism at Aoraki/Mt Cook National Park: Stakeholder perspectives Land Environment and People Research Report No. 41 December2015 ISSN 1172-0859 (Print) ISSN 1172-0891 (PDF) ISBN 978-0-86476-400-3 (Print) ISBN 978-0-86476-401-0 (PDF) Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand Environmental change and tourism at Aoraki/Mt Cook National Park: Stakeholder perspectives Reviewed by: Dr David Fisher Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the stakeholders involved in this project. The project was funded by the Lincoln University Research Fund (LURF). Abstract This report presents the findings from a qualitative study investigating the impacts of climate change-induced biophysical changes to resources housed within protected areas. The project follows a study which investigated biophysical changes, tourism stakeholder and management perspectives and challenges, and visitor use and experiences in Westland Tai Poutini National Park. Altogether, 15 interviews – with tourist operators and park managers at Aoraki/Mt Cook National Park – were undertaken in November 2014. While environmental (climate) changes were perceived to have directly impacted on visitor use of the park, they were commonly discussed in the context of broader changes in visitor behaviour and demand, and in the supply of nature-based tourism products. Biophysical and social changes to tourism and recreation within the park also impacted on, and were impacted by, management decisions and policies pertaining to conservation and visitor use. -
IRIAN JAYA, INDONESIA, and NEW ZEALAND
Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World IRIAN JAYA, INDONESIA, and NEW ZEALAND United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386 H Cover: Oblique aerial photograph of the Garden of Eden and Garden of Allah ice fields in the Southern Alps, New Zealand. See page H28. GLACIERS OF IRIAN JAVA, INDONESIA, AND NEW ZEALAND H-l. GLACIERS OF IRIAN JAYA, INDONESIA £j/IAN ALLISON W JAMES A. PETERSON H-2. GLACIERS OF NEW ZEALAND By TREVOR J.H. CHINN SATELLITE IMAGE ATLAS OF GLACIERS OF THE WORLD Edited by RICHARD S. WILLIAMS, Jr., and JANE G. FERRIGNO U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1386-H UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1989 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Gordon P. Eaton, Director Reprinted 1995 Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data (Revised for vol. 2) Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world. (U.S. Geological Survey professional paper ; 1386) Two fold. col. maps in pocket in v. B. Includes bibliographical references. Supt. of Docs, no.: I 19.16:1386-H Contents: ch. B. Antarctica / by Charles Swithinbank ; with sections on The "dry valleys" of Victoria Land, by Trevor J.H. Chinn, [and] Landsat images of Antarctica, by Richard S. Williams, Jr., and Jane G. Ferrigno ch. H, 1. Glaciers of Irian Jaya, Indonesia / by lan Allison and James A. Peterson ch. H, 2. Glaciers of New Zealand / by Trevor J.H. -
New Zealand's Most Spectacular Walks
Roys Peak Track, Wanaka newzealand.com NEW ZEALAND’S MOST SPECTACULAR WALKS WALKING IN NEW ZEALAND CHOOSING A TRAIL terrain and are suitable for people of all abilities, with some accessible to New Zealand’s well-established and maintained wheelchairs or strollers. At the other end trail network offers a remarkably diverse array of the scale, expert trails follow challenging of hikes for every ability and interest. The routes through often steep and rocky majority can be found in New Zealand’s 13 backcountry requiring total self-sufficiency national parks and countless other reserves and extensive hiking experience. managed by the Department of Conservation (DOC), although scores of regional parks Tourism New Zealand’s website is a great and recreational areas, managed by local place to start (newzealand.com), with greater detail provided by the Department of councils, offer even more trails. Conservation (doc.govt.nz). On the ground, Most tracks are officially graded from easiest to i-SITE visitor information centres provide expert, making it simple to select a walk that’s excellent advice from locals who know their right for you. Those graded easiest follow flat own back yards. Bream Head, Northland IMMERSE YOURSELF IN A NATURAL WONDERLAND SHORT WALKS & DAY HIKES MANAAKI TRAILS If there’s a special place A core Māori value that to visit or something encapsulates the spirit of Imagine a holiday where one journey leads to another, taking you to remarkable to see, you can looking after manuhiri (visitors), unforgettable places, full of incredible sights. be sure that there’s a Short Walk or Day Hike manaakitanga underpins a series of special that’ll take you there. -
Temporal Evolution of the Termini and Subaqueous Morphologies of Lake-Calving Glaciers in Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park, New Zealand
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Temporal evolution of the termini and subaqueous morphologies of lake-calving glaciers in Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park, New Zealand A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geography at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Clare Margaret Robertson 2012 This is for you Dad. I wish you were here to see it. i ii Abstract The potential impact that subaqueous mass loss may have on glacier mass balance and volume reduction is unclear, primarily due to a lack of quantitative data. Therefore, in order to fully understand the potential contribution subaqueous calving and melting may make to glacier mass loss, it is important to understand how submerged extensions of glacier fronts (“ice ramps”) are created and maintained. This study improves the understanding of the controls on subaqueous ice ramp development and evolution at debris-covered, lake-calving margins by investigating the temporal evolution and subaqueous morphology of the termini of lake-calving glaciers in Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park, New Zealand. These glaciers are in close proximity to each other, yet each represents different stages on the glacier retreat-proglacial lake development continuum. Through a combination of field-based data collection and remote sensing, the calving margins of Mueller, Hooker, Tasman, Murchison, Classen, Grey, Maud and Godley glaciers were examined over a variety of time scales (days to years). -
Updated Inventory of Glacier Ice in New Zealand Based on 2016 Satellite Imagery
Journal of Glaciology Updated inventory of glacier ice in New Zealand based on 2016 satellite imagery Sabine Baumann1,*, Brian Anderson2, Trevor Chinn3,†, Andrew Mackintosh4, 5 6 7 7 Article Catherine Collier , Andrew M. Lorrey , Wolfgang Rack , Heather Purdie and Shaun Eaves2,8 * Present address: German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Weßling, 1 2 Germany. Technical University of Munich, Institute of Atmospherical and Physical Geography, Munich, Germany; Victoria University of Wellington, Antarctic Research Centre, Wellington, New Zealand; 3Alpine & Polar Processes † Deceased. Consultancy, Lake Hawea, New Zealand; 4Monash University, School of Earth Atmosphere and Environment, Melbourne, Australia; 5Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; 6National Institute of Water and Cite this article: Baumann S, Anderson B, Atmospheric Research Ltd., National Climate Centre, Auckland, New Zealand; 7University of Canterbury, School for Chinn T, Mackintosh A, Collier C, Lorrey AM, Earth and Environment, Christchurch, New Zealand and 8Victoria University of Wellington, School of Geography, Rack W, Purdie H, Eaves S (2020). Updated Environment and Earth Sciences, Wellington, New Zealand inventory of glacier ice in New Zealand based on 2016 satellite imagery. Journal of Glaciology 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.78 Abstract Received: 12 February 2020 The only complete inventory of New Zealand glaciers was based on aerial photography starting in Revised: 26 August 2020 1978. While there have been partial updates using 2002 and 2009 satellite data, most glaciers are Accepted: 26 August 2020 still represented by the 1978 outlines in contemporary global glacier databases. The objective of this project is to establish an updated glacier inventory for New Zealand. We have used Landsat 8 Key words: Debris-covered glaciers; mountain glaciers; OLI satellite imagery from February and March 2016 for delineating clean glaciers using a semi- remote sensing automatic band ratio method and debris-covered glaciers using a maximum likelihood classifica- tion. -
The Implications of Climate Change for Glacier Recreation and Tourism at Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park, New Zealand
Lincoln University Digital Thesis Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: you will use the copy only for the purposes of research or private study you will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of the thesis and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate you will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from the thesis. The implications of climate change for glacier recreation and tourism at Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park, New Zealand A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science (Parks, Recreation and Tourism) at Lincoln University by Jessica Hughes Hutton Lincoln University 2017 Abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science. Abstract The implications of climate change for glacier recreation and tourism at Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park, New Zealand by Jessica Hughes Hutton Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park is an iconic alpine destination in New Zealand, attracting thousands of visitors annually with its wide array of recreational opportunities. In recent years, however, the many glaciers within the Park have been experiencing increasingly rapid recession. The implications of glacial recession for tourism and recreation, as well as the perspectives held by various stakeholders, has been relatively unexplored. A mixed-method approach was adopted to investigate the glacier experience from the perspectives of visitors, tourism operators and park managers, and an assessment of the effects of climate-induced changes on recreation and toursim was undertaken. -
Updated Inventory of Glacier Ice in New Zealand Based on 2016 Satellite Imagery
Journal of Glaciology Updated inventory of glacier ice in New Zealand based on 2016 satellite imagery Sabine Baumann1,*, Brian Anderson2, Trevor Chinn3,†, Andrew Mackintosh4, 5 6 7 7 Article Catherine Collier , Andrew M. Lorrey , Wolfgang Rack , Heather Purdie and Shaun Eaves2,8 * Present address: German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Weßling, 1 2 Germany. Technical University of Munich, Institute of Atmospherical and Physical Geography, Munich, Germany; Victoria University of Wellington, Antarctic Research Centre, Wellington, New Zealand; 3Alpine & Polar Processes † Deceased. Consultancy, Lake Hawea, New Zealand; 4Monash University, School of Earth Atmosphere and Environment, Melbourne, Australia; 5Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; 6National Institute of Water and Cite this article: Baumann S, Anderson B, Atmospheric Research Ltd., National Climate Centre, Auckland, New Zealand; 7University of Canterbury, School for Chinn T, Mackintosh A, Collier C, Lorrey AM, Earth and Environment, Christchurch, New Zealand and 8Victoria University of Wellington, School of Geography, Rack W, Purdie H, Eaves S (2021). Updated Environment and Earth Sciences, Wellington, New Zealand inventory of glacier ice in New Zealand based on 2016 satellite imagery. Journal of Glaciology 67(261), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.1017/ Abstract jog.2020.78 The only complete inventory of New Zealand glaciers was based on aerial photography starting in Received: 12 February 2020 1978. While there have been partial updates using 2002 and 2009 satellite data, most glaciers are Revised: 26 August 2020 still represented by the 1978 outlines in contemporary global glacier databases. The objective of Accepted: 26 August 2020 this project is to establish an updated glacier inventory for New Zealand. -
Walks Around Aoraki/Mount Cook Village
Shelter Hut Toilets Walks around Car park Camping area Short walk—well-formed, easy walking for up to an Aoraki/Mount hour Walking track—well-formed easy walks from a few Cook village minutes to a day AORAKI/MOUNT COOK NATIONAL PARK Tramping track—mostly unformed but has track directional markers, poles or cairns Route—unformed, suitable only for people with high-level backcountry skills and experience 4WD track Tasman valley walks Tasman Valley Road is a scenic 8-kilometre drive on an unsealed road to the Blue Lakes car park and shelter. Blue Lakes and Tasman Glacier view Time: 40 minutes return Start from the Blue Lakes shelter and meander up past the lakes to a viewpoint on the moraine wall. There are good views of the lower Tasman Glacier, icebergs and the www.doc.govt.nz mountains at the head of the valley. The lakes offer good swimming in summer and can be reached by making a side trip off the main track. The Blue Lakes, originally named because of their intense blue colour, could now be more accurately described as green ponds. Tasman Lake Map background: Geographx Time: 50 minutes – 1 hour return Further information This trip branches off the Tasman Glacier View Track just past the Blue Lakes shelter and leads to a viewpoint of the Aoraki/Mount Cook Visitor Centre glacier terminal lake and the source of the Tasman River. osen Aoraki/Mount Cook R Icebergs can be seen floating in the lake in summer, and in Phone: (03) 435 1186 winter the lake freezes over.