Land at the Former Parkside Colliery, Newton-le-

An Invertebrate Assessment

A Report for: TEP

15 December 2017

Version 2

By: Entomology Ltd

Report Number: 18.09.17

Land at the Former Parkside Colliery, Newton-le-Willows

An Invertebrate Assessment

Report Number: 18.09.17

By: Andy Jukes BSc (Hons) MCIEEM FRES [email protected]

Client contact: [email protected]

All images copyright © A. Jukes

Conops Entomology Ltd Registered Office: Sharkley Meadow Farm 58, Churnet Valley Road Kingsley Holt Staffordshire Moorlands Staffordshire ST10 2BQ Company registered in England and Wales. Company No. 07505919. VAT Reg No. 159133995

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Contents

1 Introduction ...... 4 2 Methods and timings ...... 4 3 Results summary ...... 6 4 Discussion ...... 8 5 Assessment summary ...... 10 6 Recommendations ...... 12 7 References and bibliography ...... 14 8 Appendices ...... 15

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1 Introduction

1.1 The aim was to undertake an assessment of invertebrates at the former Parkside Colliery, Newton-le-Willows (referred to as ‘the site’ from this point forward) prior to possible development. The assessment was to appraise the key habitats and/or features of an area of potential raised interest at the site through the recording of invertebrates. These data were to be used to assess the value to the invertebrates of those habitats or features in order to undertake an evaluation of the site for its importance as a resource to the invertebrates. From the collection of data, and subsequent assessment and valuation, suitable recommendations could then be put forward in the event that some or all of those features or key habitats may be impacted by a proposed development.

1.2 The site is located at OS grid reference SJ600946.

1.3 The site comprises open tall grassland with scrub, hardstanding, and early successional vegetation that includes common bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), heavily shaded pools, and dense and scattered scrub.

2 Methods and timings

2.1 The methods utilized for the assessment include bespoke methods and those recommended in the Natural England guidance document Surveying Terrestrial and Freshwater Invertebrates for Conservation Evaluation (Drake et al., 2007). In some instances, the method has been made bespoke for the site assessment but still retains the overall approach to assessing features and habitats for conservation assessment.

Sweep netting

2.2 This method provides the main proportion of the survey element and is the most efficient method for cataloguing a site’s invertebrate resource.

Spot sampling

2.3 Spot sampling was employed to enable close scrutiny of and the collection of any ambiguous specimens that could not be identified in the field.

Grubbing

2.4 Deadwood and piles of rotting timber were searched for deadwood .

Beating

2.5 Tree limbs and deadwood on branches were tapped to dislodge any hiding beetles. These were collected from a white sheet held under the branch.

Pitfall traps

2.6 Two grids of six traps in each grid were placed at two locations: the early successional vegetation and the tall grassland. These were inspected, and material was collected for analysis during each survey visit.

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Survey timing

2.7 The site was visited on four dates:

2 June 2017: cloud and sun 15–18°C 3 July 2017: cloud and sun 17–20°C 30 July 2017: sun, blustery 18–21°C 23 August 2017: cloud and sun 17–21°C

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3 Results summary

The full list of recorded is provided in Appendix IV, and the species of importance are listed in Table 1.

Table 1 Species of importance

Scientific name Vernacular National status Habitat preferences Site notes name and species notes Acanthiophilus a fruitfly Nationally Scarce A associated with Found on the tall helianthi common knapweed grassland in (Centaurea nigra) in stands of tall or short sward common grasslands knapweed Agelastica alni alder leaf Data Deficient, Associated with alder Found on alder Nationally Rare (Alnus glutinosa) scrub of the site Tyria jacobaeae cinnabar NERC Act S41 – Open habitats where Anywhere where research only there is ragwort there is ragwort

3.1 The most up-to-date information or species reviews are used in the assessment. Where there is no up-to-date review, Pantheon (Webb et al., 20171) is used.

Resources for determining status Alexander, K.N.A. and Denton, J.S. (2014) A Review of the Beetles of Great Britain: The Darkling Beetles and Their Allies. Species Status No. 18. Natural England Commissioning Reports, Number 148. Bantock, T. (2016) A Review of the Hemiptera of Great Britain: The Shield Bugs and Their Allies. Species Status No. 26. Natural England Commissioning Reports, Number 190. Duff, A. (2007) Identification – Longhorn Beetles: Part 2. British Wildlife 19: 35–43. Falk, S.J., Ismay, J.W. and Chandler, P.J. (2016) A Provisional Assessment of the Status of Acalyptratae in the UK. Natural England Commissioned Reports, Number 217. Hubble, D.S. (2014) A Review of the Scarce and Threatened Beetles of Great Britain: The Leaf Beetles and Their Allies. Species Status No. 19. Natural England Commissioning Reports, Number 161. Shirt, D.B. (1987) British Red Data Books: 2. . Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough. Sutton, P. (2015) A Review of the Orthoptera (Grasshoppers and Crickets) of Great Britain: Species Status No. 21. Natural England Commissioning Reports, Number 187. Telfer, M.G. (2016) A Review of the Beetles of Great Britain: Ground Beetles (Carabidae): Species Status No. 25. Natural England Commissioning Reports, Number 189.

1 Webb, J., Heaver, D., Lott, D., Dean, H.J., van Breda, J., Curson, J., Harvey, M., Gurney, M., Roy, D.B., van Breda, A., Drake, M., Alexander, K.N.A. and Foster, G. (2017) Pantheon – Database Version 3.7.4 [online]. Available at: http://www.brc.ac.uk/pantheon/ [Accessed on 28 May 2017]. Land at the Former Parkside Colliery, Newton-le-Willows 6

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Results analysis

3.2 Table 2 has been generated using the Pantheon software package, an analytical tool developed by Natural England and the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH) to assist invertebrate nature conservation in England. Site data in the form of species lists can be imported into Pantheon, which then analyses the species within the lists, assigning them to habitats and resources. Pantheon also consigns the most up-to-date national status to the species where it is available.

3.3 The information obtained from Pantheon can then be used to assign quality to sites and their features, assist in management decisions, and also facilitate requirements for further surveys, where required and appropriate.

3.4 For more information on this new resource, see http://www.brc.ac.uk/pantheon/.

Table 2 Site-resource usage table (taken from Webb et al., 2017)

Species with Broad No. of Habitat conservation Conservation status biotope species status Nationally Scarce: Acanthiophilus helianthi Open Tall sward and 97 2 habitats scrub Section 41 Priority Species – research only: Tyria jacobaeae Open Short sward and Nationally Scarce: Acanthiophilus 18 1 habitats bare ground helianthi Tree- Shaded woodland 15 – – associated floor Wetland Marshland 13 – – Wetland Peatland 13 – – Tree- Arboreal 12 – DD/NR – Agelastica alni associated Wetland Running water 6 – – Tree- Wet woodland 5 – – associated Wetland Wet woodland 5 – – Tree- Decaying wood 3 – – associated

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4 Discussion

Habitats

4.1 A total of 176 species were recorded from the surveys of the targeted area. There are three biotopes associated with the site: open habitats, tree-associated, and wetland. The biotope with the greatest number of species associated with it is the open habitat biotope. In particular, it is the tall sward and scrub habitat within the open habitats biotope that is the most well-represented habitat across the site with 97 species affiliated to it. This habitat is best represented on the high ground of the mound on the eastern side of the site. The habitat is varied in character from tall, dense, and poor swards with few flowering plants to patches of grassland with a high dominance of flowering plants that includes common knapweed (C. nigra) and common fleabane (Pulicaria dysentarica). Some localized damper patches are also present that include reed canary-grass (Phalaris arundinacea).

4.2 The habitat that is the second most well represented at the site is the short sward and bare ground habitat. This habitat is largely recorded on the hardstanding areas on the western side of the site where it is characterized by common bird’s-foot trefoil, ox-eye daisy ( vulgare), perforate St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) and short rabbit-grazed turf. In these areas are some small areas of scrub that includes alder (A. glutinosa).

4.3 Owing to the presence of dense scrub, the woodland habitat’s ‘shaded woodland floor’ is also present almost as strongly as the short sward and bare ground. This is present in all areas where there is scrub.

4.4 The wetland habitats ‘marshland’ and ‘peatland’ combined have a resource of 26 species from the targeted invertebrate groups. The species associated with these habitats though are generally common and widespread. There are some waterbodies on the site, but these are heavily shaded, reducing their value to many of the key species or resources typical of waterbodies, which tend to be richer in open and sunny or partly sunny situations.

4.5 There are other habitats present on the site, but these are not thought to be pertinent, as they are represented by few species, none of which are scarce or threatened, and the extent of the habitat is minimal.

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Species

4.6 The site has a moderate resource of invertebrates, based on the target groups (176 species) from broadly two habitats, flowery tall grassland with scrub, and short sward grassland with bare ground.

4.7 These two habitat types are typical on post-industrial sites that often also include other ancillary features such as wet areas, dense scrub, and deadwood. The species lists are also typical and representative of the habitats and features present on the site. There is a small suite of scarce species, but only two of these are genuinely scarce. The cinnabar moth is only included on the NERC Act Section 41 list under ‘research only’, meaning that the species is not thought to be scarce or threatened and listed on the NERC Act for another reason. In this case, it is likely that it is listed, owing to the threat of eradication to its larval host plant, ragwort ( jacobaea).

4.8 The two other species noted from the survey as being of value are the alder leaf beetle (Agelastica alni) and the fruitfly (Acanthiophilus helianthi). The leaf beetle is a species that has spread dramatically over recent years and is now recorded moderately frequently in the north-west where alder grows and also into parts of the West Midlands such as North and West Staffordshire. Therefore, although listed as Nationally Rare, it is also a species where information on its true status is not currently known, hence the Data Deficient (DD) status. The fruitfly A. helianthi was recorded from the common knapweed areas of the tall grassland on the eastern side of the site.

4.9 All of the other species are those that are widespread but, in some instances, localized owing to their preferences to specific features such as the open short swards and bare ground or scrub adjacent to flowery grassland that contains umbellifers, and therefore these mosaics and niche variation are not widely displayed from the local area.

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5 Assessment summary

Site assessment

5.1 There is an area on the site that is of low interest to invertebrates (in terms of diversity or scarce species) and is not displayed by Pantheon. This area is the very poor grassland and ruderal area to the west of the electricity substation. This is poor, owing to the ubiquitous character of the grassland that has little variation in the sward structure or botanical diversity that has led to a diversity of only common invertebrate species that can be found in any tall, grassy place.

5.2 The site, in terms of the Pantheon output resource table and excluding the above poor grassy area, is a matrix of two dominating habitats: a flower-rich short sward and tall grassland with scrub. The tall grassland includes plentiful tall, perennial flowers.

5.3 The tall grassland is the most extensive resource on the site and appears to provide significant resources to pollinators, as there is a strong resource of flowers from a wide range of flower types, from flat daisy type flowers (Astercaeae) to deep corolla flowers like red bartsia (Odonites vernus). There is one nationally significant species recorded from the grassland, the fruitfly (Acanthiophilus helianthi). The grassland is complemented and enhanced by the presence of damper areas with common fleabane and scattered scrub areas with goat (Salix caprea) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna).

5.4 The short sward grassland is only small in area, being predominantly found on the edges of the hardstanding but, as it is flower-rich and typical of its type, includes the usual associated species, without it being particularly special or rich. It is, however, along the tall grassland, the habitat of greatest value on the site.

5.5 The areas of greatest diversity, and therefore those of value, are those directly associated with the post-industrial land on or adjacent to the hardstanding and, to the east of this, the tall flowery grassland found predominantly on the mound.

5.6 It is suggested that, should any of the features of value be impacted, optimally created and subsequently managed habitats could be provided to ensure resources are still available at the site.

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Site evaluation

5.7 The site is part of a larger resource of post-industrial habitat to the north and is contiguous with it. The habitats to the north are similar to those on the site and in some instances are more diverse and robust. In particular, the short sward over the hardstanding is of a greater area and diversity of flora and also includes open shallow waterbodies, which elevates its value. The tall grassland on the mound, however, is of lower quality to the north, the richest and most diverse swards being located within the footprint of the site.

5.8 The area of post-industrial habitat that may be impacted appears to be comparatively small, and therefore the resulting negative impact on the invertebrate resource may also be negligible, so long as the wider resource of brownfield habitat to the north of the site is left intact and is not due to be developed as part of any other current planning application.

5.9 The tall sward grassland on the mound on the east of the site is suggested to be of higher value than that to the north, owing to its richer swards and greater variation in habitat structure. This is also the location where the nationally scarce fruitfly Acanthiophilus helianthi was recorded, and if there are no or few stands of common knapweed on the northern part of the mound on which the fly could live, then this species may be impacted, should the site be developed and no mitigation put in place to retain areas of flowery, common knapweed dominated swards. However, the proposed development is only likely to impact a comparatively narrow avenue of the tall grassland, leaving areas of value still in situ, and therefore, any suitable habitat should remain in tact for the nationally scarce fruitfly and other less scarce but characteristic species of the site.

5.10 The valuation of the site therefore takes into consideration the above factors, along with the range of species recorded, including the scarce species and the importance of the habitats to the species. By using the experience of the surveyor, his knowledge of invertebrates, and the site assessment, and also by consulting the guidance notes prepared by Colin Plant Associates for the Chartered Institute of Environmental Managers and Ecologists (Appendix III), it is suggested that the site’s key features should be considered to be of local (low) importance (Plant, 2009).

5.11 The site is considered to be of local (low) importance in relation to the proposed development, owing to the restricted extent of the possible development and retention of existing habitat at the site. Based on the current knowledge of the assessor, the impacts are thought only to affect part of the tall grassland, and the short sward habitats will still be readily available to invertebrates on the contiguous habitat to the north of the site, where it is also of higher quality. Therefore, through appropriate compensation, any species temporarily impacted by the development should be able to re-establish and not be impacted at any great landscape scale, if at all.

5.12 A higher category of district (low) importance is not thought to be appropriate for the site, owing to the low number of nationally significant species and the fact that it is unlikely that any of them would be made extinct at the site owing to the comparatively narrow footprint of the proposed development.

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6 Recommendations

6.1 The success of any mitigation will be dependent on incorporating the following habitats and features that are both extensive and optimal. They should also be managed appropriately.

6.2 All invertebrate mitigation should be created on low-fertility soils to enable a rich flowering resource to establish. No topsoil or rich organic material should be used.

Flower-rich grassland (the mound area)

6.3 Flowering areas should be sown with an appropriate mix of flowering plants, to benefit the range of nectivorous species found on the site, and should include the following:

• bush vetch (Vicia sepium) • common bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) • common fleabane (Pulicaria dysenterica) • common knapweed (Centaura nigra) – as a major component of the seed mix • hawkweeds (Hieracium spp.) • meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis) • red clover (Trifolium pratense) • tufted vetch (Vicia cracca) • woundworts (Stachys spp.)

6.4 Any pond, wetland areas, swales, and attenuation pools could be planted with suitable marginal plants to benefit pollinators, too, including:

• water mint (Mentha aquatica) • marsh woundwort (Stachys sylvatica) • water figwort (Scrophularia auriculata)

Translocation of flower turfs

6.5 Any particularly rich areas of grassland that are to be impacted could be translocated into lower-value grassland areas. The most appropriate time for this is in early spring or autumn when temperatures are cool and there is a lower chance of the turfs desiccating.

6.6 Key turfs will be characterized by common knapweed, orchids, common fleabane, and also trefoil-rich turfs.

Early successional mosaic (short turf and bare ground)

6.7 The open mosaics (and tall grassland) should be exposed to full sun for much of the day, including the key period between 10:00 and 16:00 h.

6.8 The bare ground and flowery short turf mosaic should approximate to 50% bare ground and 50% vegetation cover. The material used can be varied, and the use of on-site materials is ideal.

6.9 Early successional swards are readily replicated through the very sparse sowing of key flowering plants and fine-leaved grasses. The mix should include: • common bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) • common cat’s ear (Hypochoeris radicata)

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• other hawkbits (Leontondon spp.) • fescue grasses (Festuca spp.) • bent grasses (Agrostis spp.) • meadow grasses (Poa spp.) • ox-eye daisy (Leucantheum vulgare)

Other native species could be included to complement the mix.

Scrub

6.10 If scrub is to be impacted to any large extent, such as being removed wholesale from an area, then the planting of scrub is suggested. This should be on the northern side of any flower-rich areas so as to not cast shade on the flowery habitat, which is essential for them to be successful. The scrub should include species indicative of the area but also contribute to the invertebrates on site. Therefore, the use of native flowering scrub species is recommended, and horticultural versions are not recommended, particularly those that are double-flowered and have no value to nectar- and pollen-dependent invertebrates.

The species could include: • hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) • blackthorn () • field maple (Acer campestre) • goat willow (Salix caprea) • gorse (Ulex europaeus)

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7 References and bibliography

Alexander, K.N.A. (2014) A Review of the Beetles of Great Britain: The Soldier Beetles and Their Allies. Species Status No. 16. Natural England Commissioning Reports, Number 134. Alexander, K.N.A. and Denton, J.S. (2014) A Review of the Beetles of Great Britain: the Darkling Beetles and Their Allies. Species Status No. 18. Natural England Commissioning Reports, Number 148. Anon. (2008) Acalyptratae Keys. Unpublished Test Keys. Dipterists Forum. Ball, S. (2005) Recording Scheme. Available at: www.hoverfly.org.uk [Accessed on 6 September 2017]. Bantock, T. (2016) A Review of the Hemiptera of Great Britain: The Shield Bugs and Their Allies. Species Status No. 26. Natural England Commissioning Reports, Number 190. d’Annis Fonseca, E.C.M. (1978) Diptera Orthorrhapha Brachyycera – dolichopodidae. Royal Entomological Society of London, London. Drake, C.M. et al. (2007) NERR005. Surveying Terrestrial and Freshwater Invertebrates for Conservation Evaluation. Natural England, Peterborough. Falk, S. (2015) Field Guide to the Bees of Great Britain and Ireland. British Wildlife Publishing, Totnes. Hubble, D.S. (2014) A Review of the Scarce and Threatened Beetles of Great Britain: The Leaf Beetles and Their Allies. Species Status No. 19. Natural England Commissioning Reports, Number 161. Lott, D. et al. (2007) ISIS. Invertebrate Species–Habitat Information System, 2010 Build. Natural England, Peterborough. Plant, C. (2009) Invertebrates and Ecological Assessment. Available at: http://www.cieem.net/data/files/Resource_Library/Technical_Guidance_Series/SoSM/Colin_ Plant_-_Invertebrates.pdf [Accessed on 6 September 2017]. Richards, O.W. (1980) Scolioidea, Vespoidea and Sphecoidea. Hymenoptera, Aculeata. Royal Entomological Society, London. Shirt, D.B. (1987) British Red Data Books: 2. Insects. Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough. Stubbs, A.E. (2002) British . British Entomological and Natural History Society, Reading. Stubbs, A.E. and Drake, M. (2001) British Soldierflies and Their Allies. British Entomological and Natural History Society, Reading. Sutton, P. (2015) A Review of the Orthoptera (Grasshoppers and Crickets) of Great Britain: Species Status No. 21. Natural England Commissioning Reports, Number 187. Telfer, M.G. (2016) A Review of the Beetles of Great Britain: Ground Beetles (Carabidae): Species Status No. 25. Natural England Commissioning Reports, Number 189.

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8 Appendices

Appendix I: Red Data Book definitions Appendix II: International Union for Conservation Nature definitions Appendix III: Criteria for defining invertebrate sites of significance, taken from Plant (2009) Appendix IV: Survey results Appendix V: Survey extent

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Appendix I: Red Data Book definitions

Red Data Book category 1 (RDB 1) – Endangered Species that are known or believed to occur as only a single population within one 10 km square of the National Grid. Red Data Book category 2 (RDB 2) – Vulnerable Species declining throughout their range or in vulnerable habitats. Red Data Book category 3 (RDB 3) – Rare Species that are estimated to exist in only 15 or fewer post-1970 10 km squares. This criterion may be relaxed where populations are likely to exist in over fifteen 10 km squares but occupy small areas of especially vulnerable habitat. Nationally Notable (Scarce) category A (NS A) – Notable A Taxa that do not fall within the RDB category but that are nonetheless uncommon in Great Britain and thought to occur in 30 or fewer 10 km squares of the National Grid or, for less well-recorded groups, between eight and 20 vice counties. Nationally Notable (Scarce) category B (NS B) – Notable B Taxa that do not fall within the RDB category but that are nonetheless uncommon in Great Britain and thought to occur in 31–100 10 km squares of the National Grid or, for less well- recorded groups, between eight and 20 vice counties. Nationally Notable (Scarce) (N) – Notable Species that are estimated to occur within the range of 16–100 10 km squares. The subdividing of this category into Notable A and Notable B has not been attempted for many species in this part of the review.

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Appendix II: International Union for Conservation Nature definitions

REGIONALLY EXTINCT (RE) A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. In this review, the last date for a record is set at 50 years before publication. CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (CR) A taxon is Critically Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Critically Endangered. ENDANGERED (EN) A taxon is Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Endangered. VULNERABLE (VU) A taxon is Vulnerable when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Vulnerable. NEAR THREATENED (NT) A taxon is Near Threatened when it has been evaluated against the criteria but does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Vulnerable now, but is close to qualifying for, or is likely to qualify for, a threatened category in the near future. LEAST CONCERN (LC) A taxon is of Least Concern when it has been evaluated against the criteria and does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Near Threatened. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category. DATA DEFICIENT (DD) A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. A taxon in this category may be well studied, and its biology well known, but appropriate data on abundance and/or distribution are lacking. Data Deficient is therefore not a category of threat. Listing of taxa in this category indicates that more information is required and acknowledges the possibility that future research will show that threatened classification is appropriate. NOT EVALUATED (NE) A taxon is Not Evaluated when it has not yet been evaluated against the criteria.

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Appendix III: Criteria for defining invertebrate sites of significance, taken from Plant (2009)

Importance Description Minimum qualifying criteria International European important site Internationally important invertebrate populations present or (high) importance (i.e. SAC) containing RDB 1 (Endangered) species or containing any species protected under European legislation or containing habitats that are threatened or rare at the European level (including, but not exclusively so, habitats listed on the EU Habitats Directive) National (high) UK important site Achieving SSSI invertebrate criteria (Ratcliffe, 19892) or importance (SSSI) containing RDB 2 (Vulnerable) or containing viable populations of RDB 3 (Rare) species or containing viable populations of any species protected under UK legislation or containing habitats that are threatened or rare nationally (Great Britain) Regional Site with populations of Habitat that is scarce or threatened in the region or that has, or is (medium) invertebrates or reasonably expected to have, the presence of an assemblage of importance (for invertebrate habitats invertebrates including at least 10 Nationally Notable species or border sites, both considered scarce or rare at least 10 species listed as Regionally Notable for the English regions must be or threatened in south- Nature region in question in the Recorder database or elsewhere taken into east England or a combination of these categories amounting to 10 species in account) total County (medium) Site with populations of Habitat that is scarce or threatened in the county and/or that importance (for invertebrates or contains, or is reasonably expected to contain, an assemblage of border sites, both invertebrate habitats invertebrates that includes viable populations of at least five counties must be considered scarce or rare Nationally Notable species or viable populations of at least five taken into or threatened in the species regarded as Regionally Scarce by the county records account) county in question centres and/or field club District (low) Site with populations of A rather vague definition of habitats falling below county importance invertebrates or significance level, but which may be of greater significance than invertebrate habitats merely Local; they include sites for which Nationally Notable considered scarce or rare species in the range from one to four examples are reasonably or threatened in the expected but not yet necessarily recorded and where this administrative district omission is considered likely to be partly due to under-recording Local (low) Site with populations of Habitats or species unique or of some other significance within importance invertebrates or the local area invertebrate habitats considered scarce or rare or threatened in the affected and neighbouring parishes (except Scotland, where the local area may best be defined as being within a radius of 5 km) Importance – Although almost no area is completely without significance, within the context these are the areas with nothing more than expected of the site only ‘background’ populations of common species and the occasional

2 Ratcliffe, D.A., ed. (1989) Guidelines for Selection of Biological SSSIs. Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough. Land at the Former Parkside Colliery, Newton-le-Willows 18

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(low importance) Nationally Local species SSSI: Site of Special Scientific Interest.

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Appendix IV: Survey results

Only species with a national status have been annotated. All others are common or local species.

Taxon Vernacular name Status Acanthiophilus helianthi a fruitfly NS Adelphocoris lineolatus a bug – Adonia variegata Adonis ladybird – Aeshna cyanea a dragonfly – Aeshna grandis brown hawker – Agelastica alni alder leaf beetle NR/DD Aglais urticae small tortoiseshell – Altica lythri a leaf beetle – Amara (Zezea) plebeja a ground beetle – Anomoia purmunda a fruitfly – Anthocoris nemorum a bug – Aphantopus hyperantus ringlet – Apolygus lucorum a bug – Athous (Athous) haemorrhoidalis a click beetle – Badister (Badister) bullatus a ground beetle – Barypeithes (Exomias) pellucidus a – Beris chalybata a soldierfly – Beris geniculata a soldierfly – Beris vallata a soldierfly – Bombus (Megabombus) hortorum a – Bombus (Melanobombus) – lapidarius a bumblebee Bombus (Pyrobombus) hypnorum a bumblebee – Bombus (Pyrobombus) pratorum a bumblebee – Bombus (Thoracobombus) – pascuorum a bumblebee Bombus lucorum sensu lato a bumblebee – Calliopum aeneum a lauxanid lfly – Campiglossa producta a fruitfly – nigra a – a soldier beetle – a soldier beetle – Capsus ater a bug – Cassida viridis green tortoise beetle – Chaetorellia jaceae a fruitfly – bergenstammi a hoverfly – Cheilosia illustrata a hoverfly – Cheilosia latifrons a hoverfly – Cheilosia pagana a hoverfly – Cheilosia vernalis a hoverfly – Land at the Former Parkside Colliery, Newton-le-Willows 20

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Chilocorus renipustulatus a bug – Chloromyia formosa a soldierfly – Chorisops tibialis a soldierfly – Chorthippus brunneus common field grasshopper – Chrysogaster solstitialis a hoverfly – Chrysolina hyperici a leaf beetle – Chrysopilus cristatus a snipefly – Chrysotoxum bicinctum a hoverfly – Chrysotus gramineus a dolyfly – Cicadella viridis a leafhopper – Coccinella septempunctata a ladybird – Compsidolon (Coniortodes) – salicellum a bug Conops quadrifasciatus a thick-headed fly – Coremacera marginata a snail-killing fly – Crepidodera aurata a leaf beetle – Crossocerus (Blepharipus) – megacephalus a digger wasp Cryptocephalus pusillus a leaf beetle – Deraeocoris (Deraeocoris) ruber a bug – Dicranopalpus ramosus a harvestman – Dicyphus (Dicyphus) epilobii a bug – Dioctria baumhaueri a robberfly – Dioctria rufipes a robberfly – Dolichopus festivus a dolyfly – Dolichopus griseipennis a dolyfly – Dolichopus plumipes a dolyfly – Dolichopus trivialis a dolyfly – Dolichopus wahlbergi a dolyfly – Dorytomus melanophthalmus a weevil – Dorytomus taeniatus a weevil – Elasmucha grisea a shieldbug – Empis livida a dancefly – Empis nuntia a dancefly – Empis picipes a dancefly – Empis tessellata a dancefly – Empis trigramma a dancefly – Enallagma cyathigerum a damselfly – Episyrphus balteatus a hoverfly – Eristalis arbustorum a hoverfly – Eristalis intricarius a hoverfly – Eristalis nemorum a hoverfly – Eristalis tenax a hoverfly – Eupeodes corollae a hoverfly – Eupeodes luniger a hoverfly – Land at the Former Parkside Colliery, Newton-le-Willows 21

An Invertebrate Assessment

Forficula auricularia an earwig – Haematopota pluvialis a horsefly – Harmonia axyridis a ladybird – Helophilus pendulus a hoverfly – Herina lugubris a fruitfly – Heterotoma planicornis a bug – Hilara discoidalis a dancefly – Hybos femoratus a hybotid fly – Hybos grossipes a hybotid fly – Kleidocerys resedae a bug – Lagria hirta a beetle – Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) – villosulum a mining bee Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) – leucozonium a mining bee Lasius niger sensu lato an ant – Leptogaster cylindrica a robberfly – Leptopterna dolabrata a bug – Limnia unguicornis a snail-killing fly – Liocoris tripustulatus a bug – Lopus decolor a bug – Lycaena phlaeas small copper – Lygocoris (Lygocoris) pabulinus a bug – Lygus rugulipennis a bug – Maniola jurtina meadow brown – Mecinus pyraster a weevil – Megachile (Megachile) versicolor a leafcutter bee – Melanostoma mellinum a hoverfly – Melanostoma scalare a hoverfly – Meligethes aeneus a pollen beetle – Microchrysa flavicornis a soldierfly – Micropeza corrigiolata a stilt-legged fly – Minettia fasciata a lauxanid lfly – Myathropa florea a hoverfly – Nedyus quadrimaculatus a weevil – Ochlodes sylvanus large skipper – Oedemera (Oedemera) lurida a thick-thighed beetle – Oedemera (Oedemera) nobilis a thick-thighed beetle – Omocestus viridulus a grasshopper – Opomyza germinationis a seedfly – Oxystoma craccae a weevil – Palloptera modesta a fly – Paradromius linearis a fly – Paragus haemorrhous a hoverfly – Pararge aegeria speckled wood – Land at the Former Parkside Colliery, Newton-le-Willows 22

An Invertebrate Assessment

Pherbellia cinerella a snail-killing fly – Physocephala rufipes a thick-headed fly – Phytocoris (Ktenocoris) varipes a bug – Pieris brassicae large white – Pieris napi green-veined white – Piezodorus lituratus gorse shieldbug – Pipizella viduata a hoverfly – Plagiognathus (Plagiognathus) – arbustorum a bug Plagiognathus (Plagiognathus) – chrysanthemi a bug Platycheirus albimanus a hoverfly – Platycheirus clypeatus a hoverfly – Platycheirus granditarsus a hoverfly – Platycheirus peltatus a hoverfly – Platycheirus rosarum a hoverfly – Platycheirus tarsalis a hoverfly – Polydrusus (Neoeustolus) cervinus a weevil – Polyommatus icarus common blue – Propylea quattuordecimpunctata a ladybird – Pyronia tithonus gatekeeper – Rhagio scolopaceus a snipefly – Rhagio tringarius a snipefly – fulva a soldier beetle – Rhagonycha limbata a soldier beetle – Rivellia syngenesiae a fruitfly – Saldula saltatoria a bug – Sapromyza opaca a lauxanid lfly – Scaeva pyrastri a hoverfly – Sciara hemerobioides a fly – Sicus ferrugineus a thick-headed fly – Sitona lepidus a weevil – Sitona lineatus a weevil – Sphaerophoria interrupta a hoverfly – Sphaerophoria scripta a hoverfly – Sympetrum striolatum red darter – Syritta pipiens a hoverfly – Syrphus ribesii a hoverfly – Tephritis formosa a fruitfly – Tephritis leontodontis a fruitfly – Tephritis neesii a fruitfly – Tetanocera elata a snail-killing fly – Tetrix undulata common groundhopper – Thymelicus sylvestris small skipper – Tipula oleracea a cranefly – Land at the Former Parkside Colliery, Newton-le-Willows 23

An Invertebrate Assessment

Tipula paludosa a cranefly – Tricholauxania praeusta a lauxanid lfly – Tyria jacobaeae cinnabar S41 Urophora quadrifasciata a fruitfly – Vanessa atalanta red admiral – Volucella bombylans a hoverfly – Volucella pellucens a hoverfly – Xanthogramma pedissequum a hoverfly –

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An Invertebrate Assessment

Appendix V: Survey extent

Key to map ------Key areas of survey based on structural interfaces, flower abundances or early successional habitat

Google Maps, 2017. Google Maps [online] Available at: Anglia Ruskin University Library < https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place/Newton-le-Willows/@53.4463025,- 2.6011961,1121m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x487b0361d1109e1b:0xf526c8fe7bb73027!8 m2!3d53.452889!4d-2.63508> [Accessed 15 December 2017].

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An Invertebrate Assessment