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New York Philharmonic Young People's Concert TuneNew York Philharmonic Young People’sUp Concert® ! Saturday, April 5, 2008 elcome to this season’s final Young People’s Concert! Music is a world unto itself—it springs from the rhythms of nature, the melodies of speech, W and the colors around us, but it follows its own rules. A skillful composer works with all the building blocks of music to create images, moods, and dramas in your imagination. Everyone’s imagination is different, so there are as many interpretations of any piece as there are listeners. Today we’ll explore how composers shape our listening experience. Here’s where it all comes together! THE PROGRAM: DMITRI SHOSTAKOVICH Alleg ro, from Symphony No. 10 Delta David Gier, conductor LUD WIG VAN BEETHOVEN Andante con moto, from Piano Concerto No. 4 Tom Dulack, scriptwriter and director STEVEN STUCKY “Coyote” and “Tengu,” from Spirit Voices for Benjamin Hochman, piano percussionist and orchestra Christopher Lamb, percussion WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART Overture to The Impresario JEAN SIBELIUS Finale: Allegro moderato, from Symphony No. 2 YOU’RE THE ow would you use the building blocks of music to create these moods in listeners’ Himaginations? Write the number of the musical description you would choose in the COMPOSER! blocks below. Pick one Rhythm, one Melody, and one Color for each mood. MYSTERY COMEDY TRAGEDY HAPPINESS TRANQUILITY RHYTHM MELODY COLOR 1. An ostinato (repeating rhythm) 6. A soaring melody in an 11. Builds in volume—the number played on a snare drum. instrument’s highest range. of instruments playing increases. 2. A slow, graceful polka rhythm, 7. A very familiar-sounding 12. Uses a flute and bassoon, but in in three. melody. different keys so there’s lots of 3. A rhythm that swings, in a quick 8. A melody sung by a voice, dissonance. tempo. but without any words. 13. Strange harmonies are added 4. A steady pulse on the timpani. 9. A folk song from Perú. in the violins and violas. 5. A polyrhythm—a rhythm that 10. A complex theme with a 14. The horns interrupt with short, sounds like it’s in two, or three, contour that rises by steps clipped outbursts. or even two AND three at once. and then falls by leaps. 15. Major-key harmony. about the composers and their music… Dmitri Shostakovich (1906–75) Allegro, from Symphony No. 10 (1953) hostakovich was one of the first composers educated under hostakovich’s Symphony No. 10 represented a the Soviet regime—the totalitarian empire based in Russia milestone in the composer’s career and historic Sfor most of the 20th century—and he had a very complex S ^ events. It was the first symphonic work he wrote since relationship with government officials and the Soviet people. At his music was denounced by the Soviet government in times, he was praised by officials and audiences and hailed as the 1948, and it was written immediately following the death of most talented Soviet composer of his generation. At other times Joseph Stalin—the dictator who ruled the Soviet Union for his music was denounced for its modernity and even banned from over 30 years. It is often suggested that the Symphony No. performance. This unpredictable mix of success and scolding often 10 is an autobiographical work—a reflection of the artist’s left the composer uneasy and anxious about his compositions. Not own time and place. The Allegro that you will hear is fast and surprisingly, he was often secretive about the meaning and vicious. It’s clear that the composer is trying to tell an urgent message of his music, leaving its interpretation up to the listener. story, but we can never know in detail what it might be. Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) Andante con moto, from Piano Concerto No. 4 (1805–06) eethoven was a German composer and eethoven himself gave the premiere of his Piano Concerto pianist whose remarkable musicianship and No. 4. His increasing deafness would make it his last Binnovations helped usher in the Romantic B appearance as a soloist with orchestra. A review of the work era of music. He developed a very individual after its premiere described it as “the most admirable, singular, musical style as he started to become deaf in his artistic, and complex Beethoven concerto ever.”Here, Beethoven twenties. Much of his music communicated heroic struggles and an intense personal expression. challenged the rules of the Classical concerto—the extreme contrasts Beethoven was also one of the first freelance between the serene piano passages and harsh orchestral sound composers: rather than being employed by a created a degree of drama that had rarely been heard before. Many nobleman, he made a living by giving concerts and people have tried to find a story in this mysterious music, but music lessons, selling his works, and receiving Beethoven never revealed one. The Concerto No. 4 is one of commissions for new works. As a “free agent” he had few musical Beethoven’s most popular among pianists because of its numerous restrictions. A giant of classical music, he left a wide-range of works, cadenzas—passages, often improvised, that display the soloist’s including symphonies, chamber music, operas, choral works, and songs. virtuosity. “Coyote” and “Tengu,” from Spirit Voices for Steven Stucky (b. 1949) percussionist and orchestra (2002–03) teven Stucky has received a number of nspired by spirits and other supernatural forces from commissions from American orchestras, cultures around the world, composer Steven Stucky Sensembles, individuals, and foundations I creates music based purely on his own imagination. in the U.S. and abroad, and has been awarded Coyote, from Navajo and many other Native American Indian both the Pulitzer Prize and a Grammy Award. As traditions, is a trickster who is greedy, vain, foolish, and cunning. a composer-in-residence, lecturer, and professor Listen for the Coyote motif in the pitched-metal percussion. The at a number of world-renowned institutions such as Tengu, from Japan, is a type of evil mountain goblin known for its the New York and Los Angeles Philharmonic orchestras, Cornell University, and Aspen Music Festival, viciousness. It has wings, large claws, a red ugly face, long beak, Mr. Stucky has created a variety of works ranging from feathers, and long hair and is portrayed in the music through large-scale orchestral compositions to solo piano pieces. rapidly repeating notes on a variety of percussion. While color and Committed to the next generation of composers and music lovers, Mr. Stucky rhythm help to suggest the character of these spirits, how the spirit mentors young composers, works on programs and commissions to promote behaves is left to our imaginations. new music, and develops educational programs for school children. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–91) Overture to The Impresario (1785) ozart was a child prodigy who began composing he Impresario was written at the request of the Emperor Joseph II, at the age of five and had written an opera by who sponsored a musical competition between Mozart and one of his Mthe time he was twelve. When he died at the T greatest musical rivals, Antonio Salieri. Taking the form of a Singspiel age of 35, he dominated the Classical age of music and (a type of opera where spoken dialogue separates musical numbers), The had written over 600 works. Mozart first earned fame as Impresario is the story of two squabbling prima donnas competing for the a young child giving concerts with his older sister, lead role in a new opera. Mozart supports the theatrics with lively melodies, Nannerl, and father (his first music teacher) in royal perfectly balanced. The grand opening statement of the overture is followed courts all over Europe. Mozart was known for his wild by a second, gentler theme. These two themes are developed—sometimes personality, love of fine clothes, and practical jokes. As they sound like they’re working together cooperatively and sometimes they much as he liked to have fun and enjoyed a number of are set against one another—until we come back to a restatement of the hobbies, Mozart worked very hard and finished compositions at a very fast pace. He had a tremendous impact on the opening. In this way, Mozart flawlessly follows the outlines of the Classical development of the classical music tradition in countries throughout Europe. sonata form, so popular during the time. And who won the competition? According to the Emperor’s invited audience, Salieri did! Finale: Allegro Moderato, Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) from Symphony No. 2 (1902) nown as a master symphonist, Sibelius played an he grandiose finale of Sibelius’s second symphony has often important role in the development of Finnish been connected with the struggle for Finland’s independence Knational identity and culture. Like Beethoven, T Sibelius was praised for his personal expressiveness and from Russia. Although the composer strongly denied the individual style. His love of nature, and the Finnish associations with Finnish nationalism, the work’s powerful energy and landscape in particular, often influenced his musical steady ascent in intensity led to its being dubbed the “Symphony of decisions. He created ways to describe in music the scent of Independence.”But Sibelius creates an evolving musical drama not the first snow, the change of seasons, or a flock of migrating through any story, but by greatly expanding on the same sonata form geese. He was also inspired by Finnish folk tradition and used different used by Mozart in the Overture to The Impresario.The tremendous combinations of instruments in the orchestra to create textures and characters contrasts between musical ideas in this movement—in volume, texture, that suggest stories and folk tales.
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