PALEOLITHIC less important figures, as in the Egyptian which the dead and shoulders face in a different Hunting Scene. direction from the hips and legs; a spiral twist Overlapping Forms Forms placed in front of other forms to suggest Hieroglyph Foreshortening: their relative placement within the illusion of A picture or symbol of an object standing for a A method of representing objects or parts of space. This device that can be used in painting word or syllable, developed by the ancient objects as if they were seen at an angle instead and relief sculpture to help suggest . Egyptians into a form of writing. of being seen in profile or frontal view

Placement: The positioning of an image Hellenism: NEAR EASTERN Term describing the later and less classical Sign: Something perceived that suggests the phase of Greek art existence of a fact or quality or condition, either Expression past, present, or future A look or manner or style that expresses Idealization or Idealized: The improvement and abstraction of forms to NEOLITHIC Propaganda conform to contemporary cultural standards of Publicity intended to spread ideas or information perfection and beauty; e.g., Menkure and His Megalith that will persuade of convince people Queen. A large, undressed stone used in the construction of prehistoric monuments. Rhythm: The regular repetition or sequence or Korai (sculpture): Female figure interval of a form/forms Monolith Kouros (sculpture): Male figure A large block of stone that is all in one piece (i.e. Ziggurat not composed of smaller blocks), used in A stone temple in the form of a stepped pyramid Naturalism or naturalistic megalithic structures. in Mesopotamia A style of art seeking to represent objects as they actually appear in nature. Monumental Being, or appearing to be, larger than life-size. GREECE Order A system of rules or procedure Casting EGYPTIAN A sculptural process in which liquid metal or Orientation plaster is poured into a mold to create a copy of The placement or position of a thing Canon the original . A general principle or set of rules and standards. Classical Pathos: A quality that arouses pity or sadness 1. It often simply denotes excellence...... 'a Figurative Art classic' 'Pregnant Moment' Representing the likeness of a recognizable 2. Or, it is used historically as 'classic antiquity' Movement or action is compressed into one human (or animal) figure. 3. This revolution will be one of rationality and single situation, though itself without movement, restraint is pregnant with movement, hence the term. Framing: To put or form or arrange around or one event in a series of events within "Classical Antiquity': Frontality Refers to Greek and Roman civilization, in order Synthesis As seen from the 'front' view of the object to distinguish them form the remote antiquity of The combining of separate parts or elements to the civilizations of Egypt and the Near East. form a complex whole Hierarchical Scale: The representation of figures who are more Contrapposto: important politically (or socially) as larger than Arrested motion: The pose of the human form in ROMAN AND LATE ROMAN or . If it has painted illustrations, it Arch Diptych is known as an illuminated manuscript. A curved architectural member, generally A painting in which two panels are hinged consisting of wedge-shaped blocks, which is together Spontaneous used to span opening; it transmits the downward Resulting from natural impulse pressure laterally. Icon A special term used in Orthodox Christianity to Tone Bust refer to a painting of a religious subject. Loosely, any color, but more specifically a value A sculpture of head, shoulders, and chest or shade Icons Cast Shadows Representation The shadows cast by an object onto surrounding A painting in which three panels are hinged surfaces and objects. In a painting, these Iconoclasm: The breaking of images together shadows help increase the ILLUSIONISM, as in the ancient Roman still life. Idolatry Apse The majority of Christians believed the power to The vaulted space at the end of an aisle Figure/Field or Figure/Ground: work miracles resided not only in the physical The relation of any object, shape, or line to the remains of the saints and such relics as their Chapels field, or background against which it is seen hair and clothing, but even in there A space within a large church that contains an representations, or icons altar Painterly In painting, using the qualities of color and Lay Artist Dome: A hemispherical roof texture, rather than line, to define form. During periods when much artistic production was controlled by monks and nuns, a lay artist Groin vault Portrait was one who lived and worked in the city, Curved edge formed by the intersection of 2 A picture or drawing or photograph of a person outside of the MONASTERY, and was often a vaults or animal member of a GUILD. Pilgrim Stoic: Longitudinal: A person who travels to a sacred place as a A calm and not excitable person mark of respect Luminosity Emitting light, or glowing Pilgrimage EARLY CHRISTIAN, BYZANTINE & The practice of pilgrimage was frequent from the MEDIEVAL Medieval third century on. The cult of relics appeared A common parlance the word connotes a early out to the East and led to the unprincipled 'Byzantine Compromise backward time, but the High were revelries, holy souvenir collecting. The 'Byzantine Compromise' is the harmonious not backward; they were a forward time. They way in which the demands and conflicts were a time of noble aspiration and of A Donor Portrait or Votive Portrait between historical naturalism, regional flexibility, unexampled villainy. And they were a time of A donor portrait or votive portrait is a portrait in a and a demanding formula were brought together advance and discovery, of exploration. They larger painting or other work showing the person were a time of progress. The High Middle Ages who commissioned and paid for the image, or a Catacomb had created that European civilization that was member of his, or (much more rarely) her, A subterranean burial ground. An underground to become our own. family. complex of passageways and vaults, such as those used by Jews and early Christians to bury Manuscript Nave their dead. A handwritten book produced in the Middle Ages Usually applied only to the center aisle of a church Humanism Trecento Intellectual movement of the Renaissance Tympanum It.: ‘The 14th century’ or 1300's period, away from medieval theological courses The recessed surface above an arched doorway of study and towards study of Greek and Roman Guild classics, towards emphasis on human activities GOTHIC / An association of craftsmen in a particular trade. and capabilities rather than on the divine. The earliest types of guild were formed as : confraternities of workers. Quattrocento A book of private devotions with prayers for the Italian term for four hundred, meaning the seven canonical hours of the Roman Catholic Mural Painting fourteen hundreds or the fifteenth century. church. Sometimes contains a calendar and is Any piece of artwork painted or applied directly illustrated with illuminations. on a wall, ceiling or other large permanent Renaissance surface. Term traditionally used to describe a period Flying Buttress when a 'rebirth' or 'revival' of intellectual and A bridge of masonry that transmits the thrust of artistic activity based from the past is said to a vault to an outer support A mural painting technique, whereby pigments have taken place. are applied on plaster on walls or ceilings Gothic 'S' Curve: 'Sacred conversation’ The key figurative characteristic of the Late Tempra A composition in which angels, saints, and Gothic style, or the curving savy of the figure, A permanent fast-drying painting medium sometimes donors occupy the same space as emphasized by the bladelike sweeps of drapery consisting of colored pigment mixed with a the and Christ Child and in which the that converge the body water-soluble binder medium (usually a figures seem to be engaged in conversation. glutinous material such as egg yolk or some Rose Window other size) Convent A circular window with elaborate tracery. They A convent is either a community of priests, are a signal feature of Gothic architecture. Perspective religious brothers, religious sisters, or nuns, or An approximate representation, on a flat surface the building used by the community, particularly The Nativity of Jesus, or simply The Nativity (such as paper), of an image as it is seen by the in the Roman Catholic Church and in the Refers to the accounts of the birth of Jesus, eye. The two most characteristic features of Anglican Communion. primarily based on the two accounts in the perspective are that objects are drawn: gospels of Luke and Matthew 1. Smaller as their distance from the observer Verisimilitude increases The Life of the Virgin 2. Foreshortened: the size of an object's Protestant showing narrative scenes from the life of Mary, dimensions along the line of sight are relatively The frustrated reformism of the humanists, the mother of Jesus, is a common subject for shorter than dimensions across the line of sight ushered in by the Renaissance, contributed to a pictorial cycles in Christian art growing impatience among reformers. The Foreshortening efforts of the self-described "reformers", who The Life of Christ objected to ("protested") the doctrines, rituals Comprises a number of different subjects, which and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman were often grouped in series or cycles of works THE RENAISSANCE Catholic Church, led to the creation of new in a variety of media, narrating the life of Jesus national Protestant churches. on earth, as distinguished from the many other Axonometric projection subjects in art showing the eternal life of Christ The depiction on a single plane of a three- Donor Portrait dimensional object by placing it at an angle to Dugento the picture plane so that three faces are visible. Profile View It.: ‘The 13th century’ or 1200's Three Quarter View Baroque Style in architecture, decoration and art Romanticize Sfumato generally which arose in the seventieth century. To glamorize or portray in a romantic, as "Smoky effect" achieved by blending with tiny opposed to a realistic, manner. brush strokes, no harsh lines, looks more Caricature realistic A representation in art or literature that distorts, Fête Galante exaggerates, or oversimplifies certain features. a type of Rococo painting that focuses on the Triptych outdoor amusements of French high society Three paneled painting, a kind of polyptych Cartoon (hinged multipaneled painting) (a) A full-scale preparatory drawing for a Grand Manner portraiture painting, which is transferred to the support the sitter is elevated by certain standardized Book of Hours before the final work is executed; (b) A comical conventions to convey refinement and elegance Devotional book/collection of prayers, read or satirical drawing. privately at set times during the day replaced Vedute psalters (books of Psalms), very popular with Chiaroscuro characteristic scenes of a city, often sold to aristocracy The subtle gradation of light and shadow used to people on a Grand Tour create the effect of three-dimensionality. Linear perspective Grand Tour Very mathematical and precise method of Quadro Riportato journeys through Europe, often with a final perspective, one or two Simulated easel painting destination of , which were considered imperative to a well-bred person's education Vanishing point tenebrism Created on a horizon line, objects are placed on Extreme contrast of light and dark, figures seem exemplum virtutis a grid to emerge from shadows example or model of virtue, drawn from Greek and Roman history and literature Atmospheric perspective Camera Obscura Not mathematical but optical, the farther back An optical device that projected images, the NINETEENTH CENTURY the object is in space the less detailed and bluer predecessor of the modern camera it appears. Daguerreotype: Vanitas Originally, a photograph on a silver plated sheet Fresco Paintings that remind the view of the transience of copper that had been treated with fumes of Murals painted on plaster of life iodine to form silver iodide on its surface and, after exposure, was developed by fumes of Trompe-l'oeil Memento Mori mercury. The process, invented by L.J.M. Extremely realistic and therefore "deceives the Individual features in a Vanitas painting, Daguerre and made public in 1839, was eye," creates an optical illusion "remember your mortality" modified and accelerated as daguerreotypes gained worldwide popularity Humanism EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Intellectual movement, emphasized practical Japonisme and scientific studies Academy The adoption of features characteristic of From the eighteenth century, the cultural and Japanese art and culture. artistic establishment and the standards that MANNERISM they represent. Pure Color A color at maximum or full intensity, a HUE Rococo without the addition of white, black, or other 17TH CENTURY: THE BAROQUE AGE Means pebble or stone colors that would reduce the INTENSITY of the color; e.g., the colors used by Mondrian in his Diamond Painting. Photogram A shadowlike picture made by placing opaque, The 'Salon' translucent, or transparent objects between The annual French government-sanctioned light-sensitive paper and a light source and presentation of art works for public viewing. developing the latent photographic image. Dates from the early 17th C through the 19th C. Photomontage A photograph in which prints in whole or in part TWENTIETH CENTURY are combined to form a new image. A technique much practiced by the Dad group in the 1920s. Arabesque Photomonta photograph in which prints in whole Literally meaning "in the Arabian fashion"; an or in part are combined to form a new image. A intricate pattern of interlaced or knotted lines technique much practiced by the Dad group in consisting of stylized floral, foliage, and other the 1920s. motifs. Ready-made Assemblage A manufactured object exhibited as being A group of three-dimensional objects brought aesthetically pleasing. When two or more together to form a work of art. accidentally "found" objects are placed together as a construction, the piece is called an Avant-garde ASSEMBLANCE. Literally the "advanced guard"; a term used to denote innovators or non traditionalists in a particular field.

Collage A composition in which pieces of materials such Click Here: Download Document Pdf as newspaper, cloth, or colored paper are glued to a canvas, paper, or other surface, as in Picasso's Still Life with Chair Caning.

Conceptual art Art in which the idea is more important than the form of style.

'Dada': Unknown Montage A pictorial technique in which cut-out illustrations (often from heterogeneous sources-prints, photographs, etc.) are combined to form a single, composite image.

Nonobject (or nonrepresentational) Art Not representing any known object in nature.