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Monocyclic Phenolic Acids; Hydroxy- and Polyhydroxybenzoic Acids: Occurrence and Recent Bioactivity Studies
Molecules 2010, 15, 7985-8005; doi:10.3390/molecules15117985 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Review Monocyclic Phenolic Acids; Hydroxy- and Polyhydroxybenzoic Acids: Occurrence and Recent Bioactivity Studies Shahriar Khadem * and Robin J. Marles Natural Health Products Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, 2936 Baseline Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-613-954-7526; Fax: +1-613-954-1617. Received: 19 October 2010; in revised form: 3 November 2010 / Accepted: 4 November 2010 / Published: 8 November 2010 Abstract: Among the wide diversity of naturally occurring phenolic acids, at least 30 hydroxy- and polyhydroxybenzoic acids have been reported in the last 10 years to have biological activities. The chemical structures, natural occurrence throughout the plant, algal, bacterial, fungal and animal kingdoms, and recently described bioactivities of these phenolic and polyphenolic acids are reviewed to illustrate their wide distribution, biological and ecological importance, and potential as new leads for the development of pharmaceutical and agricultural products to improve human health and nutrition. Keywords: polyphenols; phenolic acids; hydroxybenzoic acids; natural occurrence; bioactivities 1. Introduction Phenolic compounds exist in most plant tissues as secondary metabolites, i.e. they are not essential for growth, development or reproduction but may play roles as antioxidants and in interactions between the plant and its biological environment. Phenolics are also important components of the human diet due to their potential antioxidant activity [1], their capacity to diminish oxidative stress- induced tissue damage resulted from chronic diseases [2], and their potentially important properties such as anticancer activities [3-5]. -
Parabens Preservatives for Focused Protection
PARABENS Preservatives For Focused Protection Parabens are the most commonly used preservatives in personal care products. Parabens display a low irritation potential, have low toxicity levels, and are active against a wide spectrum of fungi and bacteria at low concentrations. They are stable and effective over a wide pH range, can withstand temperatures up to 100°C, and are biodegradable. Also, they are highly compatible with other compounds. When combining two or more Parabens, their antimicrobial performance is enhanced due to a synergistic effect. While this is not a complete listing of Paraben features, it is clear why they are such an effective preservative and so commonly used. MINIMUM INHIBITION CONCENTRATIONS (MIC) FOR PARABENS Microorganism Methyl Ethyl Propyl Butyl Aspergillus niger 600 300 300 200 Candida albicans 900 500 200 100 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1600 1500 >900 - Bacillus cereus 1600 800 300 100 Burkholderia cepacia 600 350 200 200 Escherichia coli 1400 700 350 140 INCI CAS Staphylococcus epidermidis 2000 900 350 150 Methylparaben 99-76-3 Staphylococcus aureus 2000 1000 300 110 Ethylparaben 120-47-8 Propylparaben 94-13-3 All the Parabens have low aqueous solubility, but will dissolve in most systems Butylparaben 94-26-6 at temperatures above 60°C. When considering the solubility of Parabens, we recommend dissolving short-chained Parabens (such as Methylparaben) Appearance in the aqueous phase and longer-chained Parabens in the oil phase. If all the White, dry powder Parabens must be introduced to the water phase, pre-heating of the water is recommended. In the event that heating is undesirable, we recommend using Solubility Paraben sodium salts. -
Phenolic Substances from Decomposing Forest Litter in Plant-Soil Interactions
December 329-348 Acta Bor. Neerl. 39(4), 1990, p. Role of phenolic substances from decomposing forest litter in plant-soil interactions A.T. Kuiters Department ofEcology & Ecotoxicology, Faculty ofBiology, Free University, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands CONTENTS Introduction 329 Phenolicsubstances and site quality Polyphenol-protein complexes 331 Litter quality and humus formation 332 Site quality and plant phenolics 332 Soluble phenolics in decomposing leaflitter Leaching of phenolics from canopy and leaflitter 333 Monomeric phenolics 333 Polymeric phenolics 334 Phenolicsand soil micro-organisms Saprotrophic fungi 335 Mycorrhizal fungi 336 Actinorhizal actinomycetes 336 Nitrogen fixation and nitrification 337 Soil activity 337 Direct effects on plants Soluble phenolics in soils 338 Germinationand early seedling development 338 Mineral nutrition 339 Permeability of root membranes 340 Uptake of phenolics 340 Interference with physiological processes 341 Conclusions 341 Key-words: forest litter, mycorrhizal fungi, plant growth, phenolic substances, saprotrophs, seed germination. INTRODUCTION Phenolic substances are an important constituent of forest leaf material. Within living plant tissue they occur as free compounds or glycosides in vacuoles or are esterified to cell wall components (Harborne 1980). Major classes of phenolic compounds in higher plants are summarized in Table 1. ‘Phenolics’ are chemically defined as substances that possess an aromatic ring bearing a hydroxyl substituent, including functional derivatives -
Annex Vi List of Preservatives Which Cosmetic Products May Contain
Annex VI – Part 1 – List of preservatives allowed for use in cosmetic products ANNEX VI LIST OF PRESERVATIVES WHICH COSMETIC PRODUCTS MAY CONTAIN Preamble 1. Preservatives are substances which may be added to cosmetic products for the primary purpose of inhibiting the development of micro- organisms in such products. 2. The substances marked with the symbol (+) may also be added to cosmetic products in concentration other than those laid down in this ANNEX for other purposes apparent from the presentation of the products, e.g. as deodorants in soaps or as anti-dandruff agents in shampoos. 3. Other substances used in the formulation of cosmetic products may also have anti-microbial properties and thus help in the preservation of the products, as, for instance, many essential oils and some alcohols. These substances are not included in the ANNEX. 4. For the purposes of this list - “Salts” is taken to mean: salts of the cations sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, and ethanolamines; salts of the anions chloride, bromide, sulphate, acetate. - “Esters” is taken to mean: esters of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, phenyl. 5. All finished products containing formaldehyde or substances in this ANNEX and which release formaldehyde must be labelled with the warning “contains formaldehyde” where the concentration of formaldehyde in the finished product exceeds 0.05%. Version No.: 2016-05 17th November 2016 Annex VI – Part 1 – List of preservatives allowed for use in cosmetic products ANNEX VI – PART 1 LIST OF PRESERVATIVES ALLOWED Reference Substance Maximum authorized Limitations and Conditions of use and Number concentration requirements warnings which must be printed on the label a b c d e 1 Benzoic acid (CAS No. -
Interference of Paraben Compounds with Estrogen Metabolism by Inhibition of 17Β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Interference of Paraben Compounds with Estrogen Metabolism by Inhibition of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases Roger T. Engeli 1, Simona R. Rohrer 1, Anna Vuorinen 1, Sonja Herdlinger 2, Teresa Kaserer 2, Susanne Leugger 1, Daniela Schuster 2,* and Alex Odermatt 1,* ID 1 Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; [email protected] (R.T.E.); [email protected] (S.R.R.); [email protected] (A.V.); [email protected] (S.L.) 2 Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; [email protected] (S.H.); [email protected] (T.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (D.S.); [email protected] (A.O.); Tel.: +43-512-507-58253 (D.S.); +41-61-207-1530 (A.O.) Received: 20 July 2017; Accepted: 14 September 2017; Published: 19 September 2017 Abstract: Parabens are effective preservatives widely used in cosmetic products and processed food, with high human exposure. Recent evidence suggests that parabens exert estrogenic effects. This work investigated the potential interference of parabens with the estrogen-activating enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) 1 and the estrogen-inactivating 17β-HSD2. A ligand-based 17β-HSD2 pharmacophore model was applied to screen a cosmetic chemicals database, followed by in vitro testing of selected paraben compounds for inhibition of 17β-HSD1 and 17β-HSD2 activities. All tested parabens and paraben-like compounds, except their common metabolite p-hydroxybenzoic acid, inhibited 17β-HSD2. -
Antioxidant and Antiplasmodial Activities of Bergenin and 11-O-Galloylbergenin Isolated from Mallotus Philippensis
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Volume 2016, Article ID 1051925, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1051925 Research Article Antioxidant and Antiplasmodial Activities of Bergenin and 11-O-Galloylbergenin Isolated from Mallotus philippensis Hamayun Khan,1 Hazrat Amin,2 Asad Ullah,1 Sumbal Saba,2,3 Jamal Rafique,2,3 Khalid Khan,1 Nasir Ahmad,1 and Syed Lal Badshah1 1 Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan 2Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan 3Departamento de Qu´ımica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to Hamayun Khan; [email protected] Received 23 October 2015; Revised 15 January 2016; Accepted 18 January 2016 Academic Editor: Denis Delic Copyright © 2016 Hamayun Khan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Two important biologically active compounds were isolated from Mallotus philippensis. The isolated compounds were characterized using spectroanalytical techniques and found to be bergenin (1)and11-O-galloylbergenin (2). The in vitro antioxidant and antiplasmodial activities of the isolated compounds were determined. For the antioxidant potential, three standard analytical protocols, namely, DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), reducing power assay (RPA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay, were adopted. The results showed that compound 2 was found to be more potent antioxidant as compared to 1. Fascinatingly, compound 2 displayed better EC50 results as compared to -tocopherol while being comparable with ascorbic acid. -
Antiplasmodial Natural Products: an Update Nasir Tajuddeen and Fanie R
Tajuddeen and Van Heerden Malar J (2019) 18:404 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3026-1 Malaria Journal REVIEW Open Access Antiplasmodial natural products: an update Nasir Tajuddeen and Fanie R. Van Heerden* Abstract Background: Malaria remains a signifcant public health challenge in regions of the world where it is endemic. An unprecedented decline in malaria incidences was recorded during the last decade due to the availability of efective control interventions, such as the deployment of artemisinin-based combination therapy and insecticide-treated nets. However, according to the World Health Organization, malaria is staging a comeback, in part due to the develop- ment of drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new anti-malarial drugs. This article reviews the literature on natural products with antiplasmodial activity that was reported between 2010 and 2017. Methods: Relevant literature was sourced by searching the major scientifc databases, including Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SciFinder, Pubmed, and Google Scholar, using appropriate keyword combinations. Results and Discussion: A total of 1524 compounds from 397 relevant references, assayed against at least one strain of Plasmodium, were reported in the period under review. Out of these, 39% were described as new natural products, and 29% of the compounds had IC50 3.0 µM against at least one strain of Plasmodium. Several of these compounds have the potential to be developed into≤ viable anti-malarial drugs. Also, some of these compounds could play a role in malaria eradication by targeting gametocytes. However, the research into natural products with potential for block- ing the transmission of malaria is still in its infancy stage and needs to be vigorously pursued. -
Exposure to and Toxicity of Methyl-, Ethyl- and Propylparaben a Literature Review with a Focus on Endocrine-Disrupting Properties
National Institute forPublic Health and the Environment Ministryof Health, Welfare and Sport Exposure to and toxicity of methyl-, ethyl- and propylparaben A literature review with a focus on endocrine-disrupting properties RIVM Report 2017-0028 W. Brand et al. Exposure to and toxicity of methyl-, ethyl- and propylparaben A literature review with a focus on endocrine-disrupting properties RIVM Report 2017-0028 RIVM Report 2017-0028 Colophon © RIVM 2018 Parts of this publication may be reproduced, provided acknowledgement is given to: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, along with the title and year of publication. DOI 10.21945/RIVM-2017-0028 W. Brand (author), RIVM P.E. Boon (author), RIVM E.V.S. Hessel (author), RIVM J.A.J. Meesters (author), RIVM M. Weda (author), RIVM A.G. Schuur (author), RIVM Contact: dr.ir. Walter Brand Centre for Safety of Substances and Products [email protected] This investigation has been performed by order and for the account of The Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), within the framework of research question 9.1.67 ‘Exposure of consumers to substances with possible effects on the endocrine system’. This is a publication of: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment P.O. Box 1 | 3720 BA Bilthoven The Netherlands www.rivm.nl/en Page 2 of 109 RIVM Report 2017-0028 Synopsis Exposure to and toxicity of methyl-, ethyl- and propylparaben A literature review with a focus on endocrine-disrupting properties Parabens inhibit the growth of fungi and bacteria and, as such, are substances that can be used as preservatives in a variety of consumer products, such as personal care products, food and medicines. -
Bark Extract of the Amazonian Tree Endopleura Uchi (Humiriaceae) Extends Lifespan and Enhances Stress Resistance in Caenorhabditis Elegans
molecules Article Bark Extract of the Amazonian Tree Endopleura uchi (Humiriaceae) Extends Lifespan and Enhances Stress Resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans Herbenya Peixoto 1 , Mariana Roxo 1, Emerson Silva 2, Karla Valente 2, Markus Braun 1, Xiaojuan Wang 1 and Michael Wink 1,* 1 Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; [email protected] (H.P.); [email protected] (M.R.); [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (X.W.) 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), 6200 General Rodrigo, Manaus 69077-000, Brazil; [email protected] (E.S.); [email protected] (K.V.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-62-2154-4880 Academic Editors: Lillian Barros and Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira Received: 6 February 2019; Accepted: 1 March 2019; Published: 6 March 2019 Abstract: Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec (Humiriaceae), known as uxi or uxi-amarelo in Brazil, is an endemic tree of the Amazon forest. In traditional medicine, its stem bark is used to treat a variety of health disorders, including cancer, diabetes, arthritis, uterine inflammation, and gynecological infections. According to HPLC analysis, the main constituent of the bark extract is the polyphenol bergenin. In the current study, we demonstrate by in vitro and in vivo experiments the antioxidant potential of a water extract from the stem bark of E. uchi. When tested in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, the extract enhanced stress resistance via the DAF-16/FOXO pathway. Additionally, the extract promoted an increase in the lifespan of the worms independent from caloric restriction. -
Easy Removal of Methylparaben and Propylparaben from Aqueous
Easy Removal of Methylparaben and Propylparaben from Aqueous Solution Using Nonionic Micellar System Safia Habbal, Boumediene Haddou, Jean-Paul Canselier, Christophe Gourdon To cite this version: Safia Habbal, Boumediene Haddou, Jean-Paul Canselier, Christophe Gourdon. Easy Removal of Methylparaben and Propylparaben from Aqueous Solution Using Nonionic Micellar System. Tenside Surfactants Detergents, Carl Hanser Verlag 2019, 56 (2), pp.112-118. 10.3139/113.110611. hal- 02330481 HAL Id: hal-02330481 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02330481 Submitted on 24 Oct 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible This is an author’s version published in: http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/24275 Official URL: https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110611 To cite this version: Habbal, Safia and Haddou, Boumediene and Canselier, Jean- Paul and Gourdon, Christophe Easy Removal of Methylparaben and Propylparaben from Aqueous Solution Using Nonionic Micellar System. (2019) Tenside Surfactants Detergents, 56 (2). 112-118. ISSN 0932-3414 Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the repository administrator: [email protected] y S. -
The Metabolomic-Gut-Clinical Axis of Mankai Plant-Derived Dietary Polyphenols
nutrients Article The Metabolomic-Gut-Clinical Axis of Mankai Plant-Derived Dietary Polyphenols Anat Yaskolka Meir 1 , Kieran Tuohy 2, Martin von Bergen 3, Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown 4, Uwe Heinig 5, Hila Zelicha 1, Gal Tsaban 1 , Ehud Rinott 1, Alon Kaplan 1, Asaph Aharoni 5, Lydia Zeibich 6, Debbie Chang 6, Blake Dirks 6, Camilla Diotallevi 2,7, Panagiotis Arapitsas 2 , Urska Vrhovsek 2, Uta Ceglarek 8, Sven-Bastiaan Haange 3 , Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk 3 , Beatrice Engelmann 3, Miri Lapidot 9, Monica Colt 9, Qi Sun 10,11,12 and Iris Shai 1,10,* 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; [email protected] (A.Y.M.); [email protected] (H.Z.); [email protected] (G.T.); [email protected] (E.R.); [email protected] (A.K.) 2 Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Via E. Mach, 1, San Michele all’Adige, 38098 Trento, Italy; [email protected] (K.T.); [email protected] (C.D.); [email protected] (P.A.); [email protected] (U.V.) 3 Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; [email protected] (M.v.B.); [email protected] (S.-B.H.); [email protected] (U.R.-K.); [email protected] (B.E.) 4 Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; [email protected] 5 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0203175 A1 ABDUL-MALAK Et Al
US 20100203175A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0203175 A1 ABDUL-MALAK et al. (43) Pub. Date: Aug. 12, 2010 (54) DEGLYCATION OF AGES A63L/352 (2006.01) A63L/404 (2006.01) (75) Inventors: Nabil ABDUL-MALAK, Caluire A63L/05 (2006.01) (FR); Cecile ALTOBELLI, Lyon A63L/35 (2006.01) (FR); Eric PERRIER, Les Cotes A613/60 (2006.01) d'Arey (FR) A63L/403 (2006.01) A63L/35 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: A636/00 (2006.01) BASF Beauty Care Solutions France 46R 8/97 (2006.01) 100 Campus Drive A636/736 (2006.01) Florham Park, NJ 07932 (US) A6IR 8/36 (2006.01) A6IR 8/49 (2006.01) (73) Assignee: BASF BEAUTY CARE A6IR 8/34 (2006.01) SOLUTIONS FRANCE S.A.S., GOIN 33/68 (2006.01) Lyon (FR) A61O 19/00 (2006.01) A6IP 700 (2006.01) (21) Appl. No.: 12/668,061 (52) U.S. Cl. ......... 424/734; 514/570; 514/456; 514/418; 514/731: 514/646; 514/159; 514/411; 514/460; (22) PCT Filed: Jul. 9, 2008 424/725; 424/769; 424/735; 436/86 (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP08/58955 (57) ABSTRACT S371 (c)(1), The invention relates to the use, as an active ingredient, of at least one substance that promotes the deglycation of AGEs for (2), (4) Date: Mar. 10, 2010 preparing a composition, especially for limiting the presence (30) Foreign Application Priority Data of AGEs in a tissue. The invention particularly relates to the use of such a sub Jul. 9, 2007 (FR) ....................................... O756350 stance for preparing a composition intended to prevent and/or combat a reduction in flexibility and/or plasticity and/or elas Publication Classification ticity and/or functionality of a tissue, and/or to prevent and/or (51) Int.