Erasmus School of Law Research 2009-2015
ESL Research 2009-2015 Self-assessment 2016
Erasmus School of Law Burgemeester Oudlaan 50 3062 PA Rotterdam
Postbus 1738 3000 DR Rotterdam www.esl.eur.nl Artist Hanna de Haan (cover): “My graphic work is formed from the sketches I make in the city. It’s the city where people live, work and build and it inspires me with her incomprehensible chaos and the way everything changes. I transform the speed with which things change into suspended image. The graphic technique is suitable for quick reproductions, but in my work I am looking for ways to slow down this speed and stop time for a moment.” www.hannadehaan.nl
Hanna de Haan is one of several artists invited by ESL to design parts of the interior of the new Sanders Building. It is named after Piet Sanders, the founding father of Erasmus School of Law, and is currently under construction. One of her works is temporarily displayed on the outside of the Sanders Building. This drawing of cranes perfectly reflects Rotterdam being constantly in motion.
ESL self-assessment research 2009-2015
October 2016 Rotterdam
Abbreviations
ATLAS Association of Transnational Law Schools ACTL Amsterdam Center for Tax Law BEPS Base Erosion and Profit Shifting BACT Behavioural Approaches to Contract and Tort (research programme) BIT Bilateral Investment Treaty CIROC Centre for Information & Research on Organised Crime CSC China Scholarship Council DANS Data Archiving and Networked Services DB-OZ Board of Research (ESL) DG TAXUD Directorate General Taxation and Customs Union EC European Commission ECLC Erasmus China Law Centre ECTS European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System EDLE European Doctorate in Law and Economics EFS European Fiscal Studies Foundation EGSL Erasmus Graduate School of Law EMLE European Master in Law and Economics ERC European Research Council ESE Erasmus School of Economics ESHCC Erasmus School of History Culture and Communication ESL Erasmus School of Law ETN European Training Networks EUR Erasmus University Rotterdam EURO-CEFG European Research Centre for Economic and Financial Governance FA Fiscal Autonomy and its Boundaries (research programme) FSW Faculty of Social Sciences FTE Full-time Equivalent IFLP Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals INFAR Integrating Functional Approaches to Rule of Law and Human Rights ISO International Organization for Standardization ISS International Institute of Social Studies ITN Innovative Training Network JOB Jury for Research Assessment (ESL) KNAW The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences LM ‘Lex Mercatoria’ - Globalizing Business Law in the 21st Century LOWI Netherlands Board on Research Integrity MSS Monitoring Safety and Security (research programme) NWA National Research Agenda NWO The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research RDM Research Data Management REI Research Excellence Initiative (EUR) RILE Rotterdam Institute of Law and Economics RRL Rethinking the Rule of Law in an era of Globalisation, Privatisation and Multiculturalism (research programme) RSM Rotterdam School of Management SEP Standard Evaluation Protocol 2015-2021
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 2
SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats TFEU Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union TSP Training and Supervision Plan TTIP Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership UVA University of Amsterdam VAT Value Added Tax VSNU Association of Universities in the Netherlands WRR Scientific Council for Government Policy WTO World Trade Organisation ZonMw The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 3 Contents
Part A Self-assessment 7
1. Introduction 9
2. Faculty structure, research management, quality assurance, and funding 11 2.1. Faculty structure 11 2.2. Research management 14 2.3. Quality assurance 16 2.4. Funding 18
3. Research@ESL: mission, objectives and strategic priorities 20 3.1. Mission 20 3.2. Objectives 21 3.3. Strategic priorities 21 3.3.1. Establishing a distinct research profile for ESL 22 3.3.2. Strenghtening research output and increasing visibility 23 3.3.3. Creating an outstanding PhD research environment 25 3.3.4. Creating financial leeway 27 3.3.5. Fostering research integrity 28
4. Achievements and reflections 29 4.1. Achievements in implementing the strategic priorities 29 4.1.1. Studying law in its social and economic context in an interdisciplinary setting 29 4.1.2. Academic visibility and relevance to policy and society 30 4.1.3. Providing an outstanding research environment for PhD researchers 34 4.1.4. Increasing the significance of external funding 42 4.1.5. Organisationally embedding professionalism and integrity in research 45 4.2. Reflection on results 46
5. Strategic benchmark 49 5.1. Purpose statement 49 5.2. Faculty of Law University of Copenhagen as a comparable law faculty 49 5.3. Generic trade-offs in research strategy and policies 50 5.4. Insights gained from the discussion 51 5.4.1. Research profile, outlets and researcher competencies 51 5.4.2. Funding conditions for research 52 5.4.3. PhD training and supervision 53 5.4.4. Summary 53
6. SWOT 55
7. 2016 onwards 56
Part B Narratives 59
Research@ESL: studying law in its social and economic context in an interdisciplinary setting 61
Research@ESL: academic visibility and relevance to policy and society 75
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 4
Part C Key publications 87
Key publications 89
Part D Indicators for quality and relevance 99
Indicators for quality and relevance 101
Research products for peers 102
Research products for societal target groups 103
Use of research products by peers 112
Use of research products by stakeholders 118
Marks of recognitions by peers 125
Marks of recognition by stakeholders 137
Appendices 141
Appendix 1a. Research staff 2009-2015 143 Appendix 1b. Research staff per programme 2009-2015 144 Appendix 1c. List of research staff 2015 147 Appendix 1d. Endowed chairs 149 Appendix 2a. Research output 2009-2015 150 Appendix 2b. Research output per programme 2009-2015 151 Appendix 3. Research funding and expenditure 2009-2015 157 Appendix 4. Grants in competition 2009-2016 158 Appendix 5a. ESL PhD success rate cohorts 2007-2012 159 Appendix 5b. EDLE PhD success rate cohorts 2007-2012 160 Appendix 6. Defended PhD theses 2009-2015 161 Appendix 7. Current PhD research 31-12-2015 168 Appendix 8a. EGSL Educational Programme 178 Appendix 8b. EDLE Educational Programme 181 Appendix 9. ESL journal list 2009-2015 183 Appendix 10. ESL indicators for quality and relevance 208 Appendix 11. ESL Innovation Programme Research 209 Appendix 12. ESL Bachelor and Master programmes 212 Appendix 13. Terms of Reference Research Assessment 2016 213
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 5
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 6 Part A Self-assessment
1. Introduction
It is our pleasure to present you the self-evaluation of the research conducted at Erasmus School of law during the period 1 January 2009 until 31 December 2015.1
The period under review is a phase in which research at Erasmus School of Law (further) developed, both substantively and methodologically. It is also a period during which we as researchers built on the ‘modern Rotterdam tradition’. It was in 1963 that the Rotterdam Faculty of Law, with sixty students, was founded as part of the Nederlandse Economische Hoogeschool, the predecessor of the Erasmus University Rotterdam. Inspired especially by Professor Piet Sanders, our founder but also a diplomat, lawyer and patron of the arts, from the very beginning the faculty was focussed on law in its social and economic context. Over the past half-century, the faculty has cherished and further developed this distinctive focus, as well as maintained the character of its home city, Rotterdam: entrepreneurial, innovative, ambitious and international.
The abovementioned characteristics determine not only research at Erasmus School of Law. We are proud to draw your attentions to the fact that during the period under review the faculty implemented Erasmus Law College: an ambitious and innovative educational environment based on active academic learning. As academics working in a cosmopolitan city and university, we oriented ourselves broadly, engaged ourselves with the newest educational insights and implemented these insights into the educational environment that is Erasmus Law College. At the Erasmus Law College, the educational curriculum takes precedence (instead of the individual courses). In groups of ten participants and under the guidance of an academic tutor, students actively acquire knowledge, insight and skills about law in its social and economic context. It took a community of thinkers and doers to introduce an intensive educational model for three large bachelor programmes in three years. A conscious decision was also made to introduce active academic learning in our master programmes and thereby link the content of these programmes more closely to the faculty’s research profile.
As scholars at Erasmus School of Law, together, younger and older, we shape the development of our discipline. By cooperating in research programmes, projects and publications and engaging with each other’s work also in debate, as well as by spotting, coaching and supervising young talent, in short by sharing our knowledge and passing it on, we are seduced to look beyond our own horizons, continue to learn and remain inquisitive. The challenge that research management faces is how to cherish the inquisitiveness, energy, inspiration and creativity of individual research while at the same time ensuring that together we secure substantive and methodological focus. Our goal is to establish a distinctive Rotterdam research profile that corresponds to the DNA of Erasmus University and Erasmus School of Law. With this goal in mind, throughout the period under review we as a community of scholars engaged in debate and worked towards defining a common research strategy and associated priorities.
1 Hereinafter, in this document referred to as ‘the period under review’.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 9 Following the positive assessments of the Erasmus School of Law’s research programmes in the 2009 nationwide External Research Assessment and, thereafter, the Midterm Review of 2012 on research programmes,2 we have decided to devote the 2016 research assessment to the strategic priorities that Erasmus School of Law has focused on in the period under review, thereby highlighting how our research programmes and projects complement each other and jointly contribute to the profile of Erasmus School of Law. The narratives in Part B of the report, which are regularly referred to in Part A, provide testimonials for the way in which Erasmus School of Law’s research priorities have taken shape in practice.
An advantage of a research strategy at the faculty level also is that the (supporting) organisation is aligned with developments and significantly contributes to achieving concrete goals. In 2012 Erasmus School of Law consciously decided to organise the support services based on the demands and in support of its primary processes (research and education). This organisation is based on the principle that an academic community that has ambitions in the field of research and education invests in the building of an organisation that supports those ambitions. Besides the organisational structure, this transition importantly also involved shifting the organisational culture and our way of working together to reflect our shared core values: quality, diversity, integrity, cooperation, transparency, communication, continued development and cherishing the diversity of knowledge and expertise available within Erasmus School of Law. Importantly it also involves being sensitive and proactive to expectations from and opportunities available in the environment which surrounds us and of which we are a part.
The academic community is formed and transformed by individuals. A comprehensive talent policy entails that we as a faculty devote attention to every member of that community and thereby honour our shared core values. Students enjoy small-scale teaching, our tutors can take advantage of a development programme, PhD candidates are part of Erasmus Graduate School of Law, researchers and support staff benefit from individual coaching throughout the various stages of their careers, and the appointment procedure for all academic staff involves peers and integrates the faculty’s profile in its decision-making processes.
Human beings, whether researching, teaching or studying, perform at their best in an inspiring environment. We are pleased that the home of our faculty, the Sanders Building, is currently being transformed into the Academy of the Future by the prominent architect Professor Jo Coenen. The Sanders Building, designed by Professor Wim Quist, Coenen’s mentor, is undergoing a transition from stark functionality to openness and connectedness. Spaciousness and sustainability will characterize the building. These qualities combined with art – continuing the legacy of our founder Sanders - will provide a tangible environment that will inspire connectivity, adaptivity and interdisciplinarity in Erasmus School of Law’s research and teaching. This tangible environment also will serve to further enhance our transparent and collaborative research culture.
At the very heart of the academy lies accountability to one another, to scientific peers, to students, to the university administration and to society at large. We understand this internal evaluation as an opportunity to look critically at ourselves. As a reader and specialist participating in our evaluation, we invite you to join us in this process of self-reflection.
Suzan Stoter, Dean Fabian Amtenbrink, Vice Dean
2 2009 Assessment results: BACT 4.75; MSS 4.25; LM 4.25; FA 4.25; 2012 Midterm Review result: BACT 4.80; RRL 4.35; MSS 4.15; LM 4.50; FA 4.25 https://surfdrive.surf.nl/files/index.php/s/DMx5PPHcxddk4Ia.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 10 2. Faculty structure, research management, quality assurance, and funding
Research at ESL is in essence organised into a number of research programmes, and as far as doctoral research is concerned the Erasmus Graduate School of Law (EGSL) and the European Doctorate in Law and Economics (EDLE) programme. The ESL Board decides upon research strategy and policies in close cooperation with the ESL Board of Research (DB-OZ). Moreover, activities at EGSL and EDLE are supported by their own management team.
2.1. Faculty structure
Erasmus School of Law employs 264 academic staff; 58 professors, including 16 endowed professors, 19 associate professors, 16 assistant professors, 9 scientific researchers/post-docs, 46 PhD researchers (with an employee status), 56 scientific lecturers and 60 junior lecturers (see Appendix 1c). Moreover, ESL has a support staff of 80 and 59 student assistants. In total 4,237 students study at ESL.3 Each year, ESL welcomes about 90 exchange students from approximately 90 partner universities abroad.
Contrary to scientific lecturers and junior lecturers who exclusively have educational tasks, academic staff employed by ESL generally allocate 40% of their actual employment to research activities and 60% to educational tasks, with the possibility of research time being (extensively) reduced for major administrative or managerial tasks as well as in case of prolonged illness. Essentially, no distinction is made between tenured and non-tenured staff, although a different division between research and teaching tasks may be agreed upon in individual cases. From the start of EGSL in 2012, PhD researchers have had a 1.0 FTE appointment for research.4 They may teach modules on the basis of customised agreements.
3 As from 31 December 2015. 4 2009-2011: PhD researchers had 80% research time and 20% teaching time.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 11 Table 1: Research staff 2009-2015 in FTE and in N.
SEP 2009-2015 (1) SEP 2015-2021 (2)
FTE research time 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Tenured staff 33.1 33.7 33.2 Non-tenured staff 7.2 10.8 12.1 PhD researchers (employed)* - - - Scientific staff 27.0 26.7 28.0 24.3 Post-docs/scientific researchers 2.7 3.3 4.1 6.5 PhD researchers - - - - Total academic staff (ex.PhD) 40.3 44.5 45.3 29.7 30.0 32.1 30.8 Research management /support staff5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
Table#: Input ESL in numbers1 N research staff (31/12/2015) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Tenured staff 143 136 135 Non-tenured staff 18 27 27 PhD researchers 44 43 39 Scientific staff 121 118 110 98 Post-docs/ scientific researchers 6 5 8 10 PhD researchers employed (standard) 24 36 44 46 PhD researchers (contracted) 52 66 67 66 Academic staff (ex. PhD) 161 163 162 127 123 118 108 Total academic staff (inc.PhD) 205 206 201 203 225 229 220 * For PhD researchers SEP does not include research time.
Note 1 SEP 2009-2015: Tenured: professor, associate professor and assistant professor with employment status Non-tenured: scientific researcher, junior lecturer or postdoc PhD researchers with employment status Note 2 SEP 2015-2021: Scientific staff: tenured and non-tenured staff, excluding postdoc and scientific researcher Standard PhD researchers: with employment status Contracted PhD researchers: externally and internally funded but not employed
Table 1 shows net research time and the total number of academic staff with research time (Appendix 1c provides a complete listing of academic staff).6 Total FTE research time as well as absolute staff numbers significantly decreased from 2012. This decrease may be explained by a trend reversal due to the introduction of a new SEP and by a different staffing structure as a result of the educational reform and ensuing reorganisation of 2012.7 The number of associate professors and assistant professors decreased in accordance with the reorganisation plan. In 2012, junior lecturers [tutoren] and additional scientific lecturers [wetenschappelijk docenten] were appointed to coordinate student working groups as part of
5 Research management = Vice Dean (0.6 FTE), Programme Directors (0.9 FTE total), Director EGSL (0.3 FTE), Editors Erasmus Law Review (0.3 FTE) Direct Support Staff = Manager Research (0.8 FTE), Grants Officer (0.8 FTE), Officer Metis (0.5 FTE), PhD Coordinator EGSL (0.3 FTE), School Coordinator EGSL (0.7 FTE), Policy Officer Scientific Integrity (0,2 FTE), Communication (0.6 FTE). EDLE support is not included in the table. Additional support since 2016= Knowledge Exchange Officer (0.5 FTE) and second PhD Coordinator EGSL (0.2 FTE). 6 According to SEP 2015-2021 7 See http://www.esl.eur.nl/medewerkers/personeel/hrm/httpwwwfrgeurnlreorganisatie/
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 12 the new educational system of active academic learning. These teaching staff categories do not have research tasks, and are therefore not included in the input tables for research assessments. The educational reform that commenced in 2012 is still ongoing, in particular in the Master’s programmes. Extra administrative duties for a large part of academic staff are the result, which puts pressure on their research time.
Table 1 also shows the development of the number of PhD researchers. The number of PhD researchers with an employee status remains more or less stable at 40+ annually. The decline in 2012 can be explained by a peak in (internal) PhD defences in 2011 (see chapter 4.1.3. Figure 5). From 2012 onwards, ESL has taken into account contracted PhD researchers who are not employed by ESL. This group of PhD researchers consists mainly of those who receive EDLE and CLC stipends. In 2015, ESL counted 41% standard PhD researchers and 59% contracted PhD researchers (external PhD researchers are not included in the SEP table).
ESL is made up of 11 departments, which form its main organisational units.
Departments • Commercial, corporate and financial law, headed by Professor Maarten Kroeze (until 31 August 2016); • Constitutional and administrative law, headed by Professor Roel de Lange and Professor Suzan Stoter; • Criminal law, headed by Professor Paul Mevis; • Criminology, headed by Professor René van Swaaningen; • International and European Union law, headed by Professor Ellen Hey; • Labour law; headed by Professor Ruben Houweling; • Law and economics; headed by Professor Michael Faure (a.i.); • Private international law & comparative law, headed by Professor Filip De Ly; • Private law, headed by Professor Siewert Lindenbergh; • Sociology, theory and methodology, headed by Professor Wibren van den Burg; • Tax law, headed by Professor Sigrid Hemels.
Since February 2013, ESL has been managed by a two-tier Board consisting of a Dean (professor Suzan Stoter) and a Vice Dean (professor Fabian Amtenbrink).8 Five managers (Education, Research, Finance, Human Resources, and Development) and a secretary of the Board provide advice and support to the Board. On matters of research, the Board is supported by the Board of Research. In educational matters this task is fulfilled by the Board of Education.
8 For previous governance structure, see Midterm Review 2012, p. 12.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 13
Figure 1. ESL governance structure 2015.
2.2. Research management
ESL features five research programmes that are organised in accordance with thematic lines and open to participation by researchers from different legal disciplines. Each programme is headed by one or several programme directors.
Research programmes • Behavioural Approaches to Contract and Tort: Relevance for Policymaking (BACT) headed by Professor Michael Faure (0.1 FTE) and Professor Peter Mascini (0.1 FTE) • Rethinking the Rule of Law in an Era of Globalisation, Privatisation and Multiculturalism (since 1 January 2010) (RRL) headed by Professor Sanne Taekema (0.2 FTE) • Monitoring, Safety and Security (MSS) headed by Professor Richard Staring (0.2 FTE) • ‘Lex Mercatoria’ - Globalising Business Law in the 21st Century (LM) headed by Professor Bastiaan Assink (0.1 FTE) and Professor Maarten Kroeze (0.1 FTE) (until 31 August 2016) • Fiscal Autonomy and its Boundaries (FA) headed by Professor Sigrid Hemels (0.1 FTE)
Academic staff with research time is motivated to participate in one of these research programmes. Yet this does not mean that membership in a programme is automatic.9 With the exception of PhD candidates, only researchers with an ESL research qualification are eligible. Moreover, formal admittance to a programme is subject to approval from the
9 In 2015, 92% (28.4 FTE) of research time was embedded in one of the five research programmes.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 14 programme director concerned as the research profile of the researcher in question is also taken into account. Directors are encouraged to establish specific research output targets suited for the programme in question (e.g. with regard to the field of research and publication outlet) in addition to the general ESL minimum output norms, explained below in Section 2.3 on quality assurance.
The programme directors consult with the respective heads of department when deciding on the admittance to or discharge of a researcher from a research programme. The same also applies to the establishing of individual output targets. The heads of department are responsible for attracting qualified research capacity to ESL research programmes as programme directors are usually not in charge of employing new researchers.
From 2012 Erasmus Graduate School of Law (EGSL) has been charged with both PhD education and the organisation of PhD research conducted at ESL. At the end of 2015, ESL hosted a total of 159 PhD researchers, 46 (29%) of whom were employed by ESL, 66 (42%) were contracted to ESL – either through stipends or other third-party funding – and 47 (29%) were external PhD researchers (see Appendix 7 for PhD ongoing research 31-12-2015). The vast majority of stipends (56 by the end of 2015) are part of the prestigious European Doctorate in Law and Economics programme. Founded in 2005, EDLE is a consortium of the universities of Rotterdam, Hamburg, Bologna and – from 2015 – Haifa that was awarded Erasmus Mundus status by the European Commission in 2010. Said status involves eight five- year scholarships paid for by the European Union.
The Dean of ESL is advised by a Board of Research on the long-term vision and strategy regarding the organisation of research, quality management, and research innovation.10 The Board of Research is primarily responsible for implementing ESL’s strategic priorities in research, and in doing so ensures the effective implementation of the instruments available in this regard, as described hereinafter in chapter 3.3.. The Board of Research is composed of the Vice Dean and the Director of EGSL with a representative of the directors of the research programmes potentially participating. The Manager Research, the Research Grant Officer, as well as the Dean’s Office provide managerial assistance. A full-time Research Grant Officer supports ESL researchers in drafting their grant applications. In close cooperation with the Vice Dean, the Research Grant Officer also approaches future candidates for specific funding opportunities from among ESL research staff. By identifying talented researchers at an early stage of their career, concrete assistance may be offered in building up of curriculum vitae, e.g. organising and funding research visits to foreign universities.
Erasmus Graduate School of Law is headed and managed by the Director of EGSL who is assisted by the Dean of the PhD Programme (as from June 2016, there is a second position), a school coordinator, a research policy officer and a student assistant. These are all part time positions with the position of EGSL Director and Dean of the Programme being fixed for two years with the possibility of extension. The support positions of the school coordinator, research policy officer and student assistant are part of the Research Office of ESL.
The EDLE board shares responsibility for the EDLE programme collectively.11 The Rotterdam Director of EDLE is accountable to the ESL Dean. The Director ensures that all faculty and university regulations concerning PhDs are enforced. He is supported by the EDLE coordinator who is a postdoctoral researcher with a part-time position at EDLE. The EDLE coordinator commissions yearly progress reports of the PhD researchers and reports to the
10 Relating, inter alia, to the determining of quality standards and output norms, as well as to the establishment of and deciding on research programmes. 11 http://www.edle-phd.eu/index.php/our-faculty/directors
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 15 EDLE board, assuring timely intervention in PhD projects when necessary. Moreover, there is a coordinator on a part-time basis for the EDLE seminar series – where EDLE PhDs have to present twice a year – as well as a General Manager for EDLE together with secretarial support for more operational tasks and day-to-day business.
In addition to the close strategic cooperation between the Vice Dean of ESL and the Director of EGSL in the Board of Research, the ESL Board, the Board of Research, the Board of EGSL, the Managing Director of EDLE and senior staff meet every month at a ‘Professorial Lunch’ and twice a year at a two-day brainstorming session, with research being a fixed item on the agenda. The 2012 Midterm Review Committee expressed its appreciation for ESL’s stimulating research environment and the commitment of its research community. They praised the distinct lack of mid-level bureaucracy and interference, as well as the short lines of communication. They even called the openness and inclusion ‘striking’ (see the assessment report on surfdrive).
2.3. Quality assurance
ESL departments only receive research funding for scientific staff (in principal 40% of the actual appointment) who hold (1) a PhD or an equivalent research qualification as well as (2) the ESL research qualification (so-called ‘Sanders’ Qualification). These qualifications are required to participate in any ESL research programme. A separate quality assurance system applies to the selection, training and supervision of PhD researchers.
‘Sanders’ Qualification In order to be eligible for the ‘Sanders’ Qualification, a researcher with fulltime employment is required to produce an average of three academic publications per year in a consecutive period of three years.12 The output of all scientific staff with research time is evaluated every two years by a jury consisting of ESL’s senior research faculty: the Jury for Research Assessment [Jury Onderzoekbeoordeling].13 This body, appointed by the Dean, advises the Dean on decisions to grant the ‘Sanders’ Qualification. Special circumstances may warrant granting the qualification despite the fact that the minimum standard has not been met.14 Departments with researchers that did not meet the requirements for obtaining the research qualification initially face a temporary reduction by 50% of the funding of the research time of the researchers in question for the time until the next internal evaluation. In consultation with the programme director and Vice Dean, the head of department concerned will seek to establish a strategy to remedy the situation within a given period of time. In the event of continuing underperformance, researchers face exclusion from their research programme, and ultimately may be considered unfit to perform their tasks as researchers at ESL (see Section 3.3.2, Table 3 for results). It should be noted that the ‘Sanders’ Qualification is limited to an evaluation of whether the faculty’s minimum standards on scientific output have been met. The overall appraisal of activities and output linked to research forms part of an annual performance appraisal that heads of department make of their researchers. Said appraisal includes a discussion on publication strategy aimed at achieving the ‘Sanders’ Qualification and at contributing to the research profile of ESL.
12 http://www.esl.eur.nl/sanderskwalificatie (Dutch language only). 13 Consisting of four full professors and one associate professor, all with an outstanding publication record. 14 Such as severe illness and additional tasks.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 16 PhD selection, training and supervision Erasmus Graduate School of Law provides for a quality assurance system that comprises the full cycle: from the selection process, through training and supervision to the employability of PhD researchers.15 In the EGSL framework, four to five PhD positions (funded by ESL) are allocated annually to the best candidates on the basis of a research proposal through a competitive open selection procedure. The positions are advertised nationally and internationally at dedicated platforms for academic jobs (further information on the (international) intake is provided in Section 4.1.3, Table 4).16
Both EDLE and ECLC have their own selection procedure because of the respective external funding schemes’ particular conditions. The selection procedure for Chinese PhD researchers follows a mixed approach. The Chinese home university makes a first selection. Here the Chinese students have to take tests as well as an interview to be eligible for the CSC scholarship. Subsequently, representatives from ESL (either from ECLC or others) interview the Chinese candidates. The selection of PhD researchers for EDLE follows essentially the same requirements as EGSL, while at the same time observing the rules set by the European Commission (when funding took place via the Erasmus Mundus programme).
Both EGSL as EDLE provide a detailed training and supervision procedure for each PhD researcher. At EGSL, 14 months of ESL PhD researcher’s employment (the probationary year) are dedicated to intensive training, which has an equivalent of 60 ECTS.17 An important feature of the EGSL framework is the ‘go/no go decision’ at the end of this 14 month period, which decision is in the hands of a doctorate committee that is formed for each candidate at the start of their PhD programme. This doctorate committee is made up of at least three senior researchers (including at least two professors: one is the thesis supervisor with the other professor not being allowed to be an affiliated member of the supervisor’s department) as well as the EGSL Director or the Dean of Education of the PhD programme (PhD coordinator). After a positive evaluation, the PhD researcher is offered a position for the remaining 34 months. The assigned doctorate committee advises the PhD researcher (and if applicable the supervisor) during the full educational cycle according to the Training and Supervision Plan (TSP) and safeguards the continuous progress of the research. The TSP as well as the regular progress reports are also forwarded to the Vice Dean.
EDLE PhD researchers receive a training in the first year at the University of Bologna. This features a training in Law and Economics as well as a summer school with advanced Law and Economics courses at the University of Hamburg at the end of the year. EDLE PhD researchers spend their second year at ESL, inter alia, presenting and discussing draft chapters of their thesis in dedicated seminars. PhD researchers spend their third and final year completing their thesis at the home university of their main-supervisor. Additional safeguards are provided in order to ensure fruitful joint supervision of PhD projects involving professors of different universities and – in many instances – countries. Progress reports (commissioned by a PhD coordinator) of the PhD-researchers are extensively discussed at regularly organised EDLE board meetings.
ESL PhD researchers and supervisors each follow dedicated training courses on how to manage their relationship, also in the event of a conflict. Should PhD researchers face a problem or personal situation that puts their PhD project at risk, they may consult in strict secrecy with their PhD coordinator at EGSL in order to find an individual solution.
15 This has been one of the strategic priorities of ESL in the period under review, see chapters 3.3.3. and 4.1.3. 16 E.g. academictransfer.com, jobs.ac.uk. For more details concerning the selection procedure see chapter 4.1.3. 17 For details see chapter 4.1.3.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 17 2.4. Funding
Table 2a shows ESL’s funding and expenditure for the period under review. It shows that ESL has a healthy financial position allowing it to use the accumulated reserve to invest in further strengthening research. The budget (2015) 2016-2020 provides for an extra capacity of approximately 10 FTE for expanding high-level research capacity, protecting research time, and reducing educational workload. This investment will be visible from 2016 onwards. Table 2a shows that in 2015 34% of total funding is dedicated to research.
Table 2a. Funding and expenditure (in € K) 2009-2015.
ESL in € K 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Funding € € € € € € € Direct funding education 10,345 10,351 11,310 11,595 12,241 13,676 13,542 Direct funding research (1) 5,479 5,518 5,840 5,626 6,512 6,740 6,584 Special funding research EUR (4) 47 285 371 379 397 444 567 Special funding education EUR 0 0 151 1,369 1,570 905 262 Subtotal direct funding 15,871 16,154 17,672 18,969 20,720 21,765 20,955 Research grants (2) 830 924 811 560 655 635 648 Contracted research (3) 716 883 935 1,344 1,309 718 565 Other (education) 3,941 3,358 3,536 2,605 2,615 2,260 2,267 Total funding research 7,072 7,610 7,957 7,909 8,873 8,537 8,364 Total funding 21,358 21,319 22,954 23,478 25,299 25,378 24,435 Expenditure: € € € € € € € Personnel costs education 7,808 7,892 7,992 8,055 8,139 8,223 8,391 Personnel costs research 5,746 6,067 6,206 6,121 6,151 6,182 6,492 Personnel costs other 4,632 4,643 4,806 4,883 5,600 5,820 5,002 Subtotal personnel costs 18,186 18,602 19,004 19,059 19,891 20,225 19,885 Other cost 3,965 3,710 3,558 3,541 3,590 4,192 4,763 Total expenditure 22,151 22,312 22562 22,600 23,481 24,417 24,648 Saldo -793 -993 392 878 1818 961 -213
Note 1: Direct-funding research (basisfinanciering/ lumpsum budget) Note 2: Research grants obtained in national scientific competition (NWO, KNAW). Spending takes 4 to 5 years. This table expresses spending Note 3: Research contracts obtained from external organisations. Spending of these contracts takes 1 to 3 years. This table expresses spending. Note 4: Research funds that do not fit into the other categories
Research funding It can be observed from Table 2a that ESL’s total direct funding increased as a result of increasing student intake. In addition, special research funding from Erasmus University (REI) increased significantly in the period under review. In contrast, Table 2a shows a wide fluctuation in revenues from contracted research, with several sizeable peaks in 2012 and 2013 (see Part d for key performance on contracted research). Table 2b shows that in the period under review more than 20% of ESL’s research funding was obtained in scientific competition or by contracts.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 18 Table 2b. Research funding in % 2009-2015.
ESL research funding in % 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Funding % % % % % % % Direct funding research (1) 77.5 72.5 73.4 71.1 73.4 79.0 78.7 Special funding research EUR (4) 0.7 3.7 4.7 4.8 4.5 5.2 6.8 Research grants (2) 11.7 12.1 10.2 7.1 7.4 7.4 7.7 Contracted research (3) 10.1 11.7 11.7 17.0 14.7 8.4 6.8
Total funding research 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
In addition to indirect and contract funding, ESL hosts endowed professors who are employed by a foundation and researchers having no employee status at ESL (see Appendix 1d). This group of researchers certainly contributes to the viability of ESL’s research community and to the quality and relevance of its research output. Their research time, however, is not visible in the financial flows of ESL. The value of their capacity ranges between 300,000 euros and 600,000 euros annually.
Research expenditure In addition to the funding of research FTE for academic staff, which forms the biggest expenditure, funding goes to 29 FTE for PhD researchers, and to direct or indirect support for (the preparation of) research activities. ESL structurally supports its research programmes with an annual budget of 65,000 euros. Moreover, in the period under review funds have been available for innovation in research in the shape of the Programme for Talent management and its successor, the ESL Innovation Programme.18 ESL also financially supports the Erasmus Law Review, ESL’s own blind-refereed law journal that seeks to foster independent critical scholarship as relevant to the discipline of law.19 Finally, ESL is the only faculty at Erasmus University Rotterdam with its own library facilities. In addition to the university library, the Sanders Law Library – named after the founding father of Erasmus School of Law – holds an extensive collection of books, journals and online databases directed to areas in which research is or has been conducted at ESL, or which are linked to ESL’s master programmes. The Sanders Law Library has an annual budget of 70,000 euros.
Budgets EGSL and EDLE Since its inception in 2012, EGSL’s total budget grew continuously from about 850,000 euros in 2012 to 1,200,000 euros in 2015, which growth was mainly caused by salary costs of an increasing number of enrolled PhD researchers over time. The budget includes a material budget of 25,000 euros.
EDLE’s budgetary setting has to be considered separately as it structurally depends to a large extent on external money. The period 2010-2015 was a period of financial stability for EDLE, mainly due to ESL’s commitment to support EDLE with two PhD positions per year as well as to provide financial support for operational management (a general manager and secretary). This was paralleled by eight PhD positions per year that were paid for by the European Commission within the Erasmus Mundus programme. As the last cohort of Erasmus Mundus positions started in 2014, funding by the European Commission has been fading out resulting in a decrease of positions in EDLE.
18 See further chapter 3.3.1. and Appendix 11. 19 http://www.erasmuslawreview.nl. Editor-in-chief is Professor Kristin Henrard.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 19 3. Research@ESL: mission, objectives and strategic priorities
3.1. Mission
The fundamental premise underlying academic research conducted at ESL is that law cannot be considered in splendid isolation or as an end in itself. It is imbedded in the economic and social context that shapes the law. At the same time, law itself shapes society and defines economic relationships. Examining the economic and social context that shapes the law requires taking into account new developments and challenges that call for a legal or regulatory response. Cases in point are the global financial and European sovereign debt crisis as well as recent corporate scandals. They do not only raise fundamental governance issues concerning public and private stakeholders, but also more broadly highlight the impact of such crises on society and how to deal with them. Examples of the latter are the increasing (social) impoverishment and radicalisation of certain parts of society. Questioning the role of law in relation to economic and social challenges not only entails research into the law’s problem-solving capacity – both its successes and failures – but also an exploration of the way in which law may create problems due to its particular mode of responding. For example the European response to the sovereign debt crisis in some countries has therefore had major social consequences. Another example is the discussion on whether multinational companies pay their fair share of tax is a direct result of the crisis and the resulting budgetary difficulties of governments, as well as the issue of the control of the influx of refugees through migration control by means of stricter enforcement of EU border control, which has fuelled the growth of organised crime (human smuggling and human trafficking) across Europe and its bordering regions. Law itself also shapes society and defines economic relationships. It is not just a codification of social norms; law also modifies social expectations. In the Dutch context, this dynamic can be observed, for example, in the legalisation of euthanasia, which was followed by social groups calling for further liberalisation of end-of-life decisions. Research must therefore also be directed at investigating what modifications through law are effective or efficient. For example, a law and economics approach to regulation may therefore be said to aim at modifying behaviour through law. One illustration in this regard from the area of company law is influencing managerial behaviour through a liability regime (director’s liability). Another example is the use of taxes to influence behaviour, for example, to promote charities and the arts. In line with this vision, it is ESL’s mission to conduct innovative research on the function of law in its economic and social context. ESL research has a strong social- and business-driven orientation. The motto of Erasmus School of Law is therefore ‘Where law meets business’.
ESL is committed to promoting international and interdisciplinary research, which is reflected in the academic background of researchers affiliated to ESL and, in connection with it, the five research programmes that ESL currently features. The methods of legal doctrine are the primary tools used in developing legal doctrine in relation to concerns raised in legal practice. Yet, purely doctrinal legal methods often will not suffice to fully grasp the way in which the economic and social context shapes law, as well as the way in which law itself shapes society and economic relationships. For this reason, ESL researchers engage with other disciplines
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 20 such as economics, criminology, political science, sociology, medicine, philosophy and 20 psychology. This interdisciplinary approach takes different forms. On the one hand, the insights from other disciplines are used to fill in the context in which the law operates and, in doing so, the other disciplines have a supportive role. Exemplary in this regard is the use of qualitative social-science methods to study judicial arguments and victims’ perceptions of liability law, as well as the use of political philosophy to develop rule of law concepts. On the other hand, certain areas choose an approach that integrates the methods of the combined disciplines. In that event the development of a theoretical framework and approach is a joint endeavour. This approach is particularly advanced in disciplines such as law and economics as well as criminology.
3.2. Objectives
In line with its mission, ESL has formulated the following objectives that form the basis for its research policies:
• to conduct high-quality research that provides high visibility and a good reputation in the national and international academic community; • to achieve significant impact as regards scientific publications in national authoritative and international refereed journals, together with monographs and edited volumes with leading national and international publishers; • to achieve societal impact with research output and through dialogue with audiences outside academia; • to attract, develop, and retain talented researchers at all stages of their career; • to offer high-quality and internationally competitive PhD programmes at the Erasmus Graduate School of Law and in the European Doctorate in Law and Economics programme; • to offer legal education that reflects scientific insights on the part of ESL researchers.
3.3. Strategic priorities
In actively pursuing these objectives, a number of strategic priorities were set that by and large pursue the direction described in the 2009 ESL self-assessment report and the 2012 ESL midterm report, while taking into account the observations and recommendations of the 2012 Midterm Review Committee.21 The priorities included:
(1) establishing a distinct research profile for ESL; (2) strengthening research output and increasing visibility; (3) creating an outstanding PhD research programme; (4) creating financial leeway; (5) fostering research integrity.
The main priorities and corresponding targets were recorded in the ‘Covenant 2014-2018’ between ESL and the Executive Board of Erasmus University (available for the Committee at secured website).
20 See S. Taekema and B. van Klink, ‘On the Border. Limits and Possibilities of Interdisciplinary Research’, in S. Taekema and B. van Klink (eds.), Law and Method. Interdisciplinary research into the Law (Mohr Siebert 2010), 7-32. It embraces different ways in which legal research can surpass the legal discipline and engage with other disciplines, including heuristically, as auxiliary discipline, comparatively, as well as by actual integrating the perspectives of different disciplines (interdisciplinary in a narrow sense). 21 See section 1.1, Midterm Review Report 2012.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 21 Generally speaking, all of these priorities are essentially directed at creating an attractive research environment for researchers at all stages of their career; one in which high-quality innovative research and research cooperation is encouraged, both between researchers at the University, national and international level, as well as across disciplines. Hereinafter, these research priorities are addressed one by one, not only explaining the main underlying strategic priorities, but also discussing the main instruments employed to achieve these objectives. Chapter 4 discusses the achievements in reaching these objectives so far.
3.3.1. Establishing a distinct research profile for ESL In order to achieve the mission of ESL, the first strategic priority is to promote nationally and internationally recognised research that reflects the substantive and methodological approach to law as stated with regard to the mission of ESL. The 2012 Midterm Review Committee had noted that this profile was not equally represented in all research programmes. Reflecting on this observation, the conscious choice was made not to implement a policy that effectively forces researchers to abandon monodisciplinary legal research – thereby mitigating the specific characteristics of traditional (domestically oriented) legal research that, inter alia, plays a vital role in putting into practice ESL’s motto ‘Where law meets business’ – but rather to stimulate engaging with interdisciplinarity in its different shapes with the aim to enrich traditional legal research and broaden its scope of application. Realising that the ambitious research mission of ESL requires a departure from an exclusive monodisciplinary research focus with which the legal discipline has been associated for a long time, ESL’s research policy has aimed at stimulating a research environment in which researchers and research groups are given the opportunity and facilities to explore new collaborations as well as new lines of interdisciplinary research, and to deepen existing research that contributes to the research profile of ESL.
The main instrument deployed to achieve this strategic priority has been to invest in researchers, research initiatives and research groups that engage in international and interdisciplinary research in line with the faculty’s profile, including opportunities and resources for bottom-up research projects (also across programmes), while at the same time maintaining the open structure of research programmes with decentralised programme management. Financial resources have been applied to support and stimulate ESL researchers in their ambitions to strengthen their CVs at all stages of their career, establish and strengthen both national and international research networks, successfully apply for external research funding, and increase valorisation activities. For these purposes, ESL operated the ‘Programme for Talent Management’ with an annual amount of 110,000 euros in the period 2013-2014. In 2015, the establishment of the ESL Innovation Programme scaled up – both in scope and financial reach – said approach to internal research funding. This programme with an annual amount of 200,000 euros more specifically aims at supporting and stimulating ESL researchers in applying for external research funding (e.g. NWO and H2020), building up a (international) network, collecting and analysing data, as well as enhancing knowledge transfer (see Appendix 11).
Another major approach to investing in research initiatives and groups that engage in international and interdisciplinary research has been the commitment by ESL to financially invest in excellent researchers and research groups that have secured funding from outside ESL (in competition), either from within the University or external sources. ESL has encouraged and supported its researchers to participate in several University-wide initiatives providing extra research funding for leading groups and actively participated in shaping the Leiden-Delft-Erasmus strategic alliance announced in 2012, by investing in the development of a proposal for the establishment of an interuniversity international interdisciplinary research centre.22
22 See http://www.leiden-delft-erasmus.nl/en/about-us
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 22 To further incentivise good performance at a research programme level, a new funding model has been applied to distribute the available faculty budget among the research programmes (from 2013). This model entails a system of input and output funding based on available research time as well as on output performance.
Priority 1: establishing a distinct research profile for ESL
Strategic aims • Strengthening the interdisciplinary research profile of ESL • Strengthening the international research profile of ESL • Putting into practice the ESL motto ‘Where law meets business’
Instruments • Programme for Talent Management and Innovation Programme • Making available seed money and matching to successful researchers and research groups • Actively developing of and participating in University research initiatives in line with the ESL profile • Incentivising good performance at research programme level through a new funding model
3.3.2. Strenghtening research output and increasing visibility A second strategic priority is the strengthening of research output and increasing its visibility in line with ESL’s mission and objectives. In doing so, ESL has followed up on the findings of the 2012 Midterm Review Committee. Although said findings did not comment on the quality of the output as such, they suggested that the value of research to societal and public debate – in particular of national publications – should be made more explicit. Moreover, it has been recognised that publications in leading national and international journals and with leading publishing houses, as well as engagement with relevant stakeholders and the public at large are all instrumental in ensuring that ESL reaches its full potential in terms of the quality of its research output and recognition of its researchers and research groups, both inside and outside the Netherlands.
Although the existing quality assurance system in the form of the ‘Sanders’ Qualification described in section 2.3 may be instrumental in securing a minimum academic output in quantitative terms, it has been recognised that this is a blunt instrument for the purpose of identifying and incentivising high quality academic and professional output with high societal relevance. Indeed, the results of the last three biannual internal ‘Sanders’ Qualification rounds shown in Table 3 highlight that, whereas the framework has certainly been a success in ensuring that the vast majority of academic staff with research time fulfils the quantitative minimum requirements for academic publications, it may also be observed that this ‘success rate’ suggests that the minimum requirements may be too low, or at least do not incentivise outstanding performance even in quantitative terms. What is more, the existence of numeric minimum requirements may in some isolated instances trigger strategic publication behaviour.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 23 Table 3. Results ‘Sanders’ Qualification 2011-2015.
‘Sanders’ Qualification 2011 2013 2015
Meet the minimum standard 83 84 74 Meet the minimum standard taking into account 14 14 11 special circumstances Did not meet the minimum standard 5 1 1 Academic staff assessed 102 98 86
In the absence of any (common) standard of impact or performance measuring tool in the legal discipline in the Netherlands, it has been a major medium to long term strategic priority for ESL to develop for the first time a set of instruments that allows to incentivise outstanding performance in qualitative and quantitative terms. To this end, ESL decided to initiate a process of dialogue among its academic staff in 2014, with the ultimate aim to develop an indicator toolbox for research quality and relevance that may feature in a performance measuring system. Such an indicator toolbox will allow staff to identify and incentivise outstanding performers in both of these categories and at all career stages.
In the run-up to the establishment of such a system, several instruments have been employed with the objective to raise awareness on the nature and quality of research output. First, ESL established an ESL Journal List (see Appendix 9) for the purpose of being able to differentiate between different types of output in internal and external reporting. It categorises journals with contributions by ESL researchers based on whether they are refereed or non-refereed journals and their impact factor. The first categorisation is rooted in the VSNU Standard Evaluation Protocol. However, as an exact definition of refereed journals is missing, ESL has used the list of refereed journals established by the 2009 External Assessment Committee, and supplemented it with journals that meet the standard set out in the generic definition of refereed publications offered by VSNU.23 As to the identification of journals with an impact factor, the most commonly used indexes in Legal Sciences – Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals (IFLP),24 the Washington and Lee Index,25 and the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) 26 – have been applied.
Moreover, ESL has encouraged research programme directors in their strategy to set out a clear publication strategy for the purpose of determining membership in the programme. Within the BACT programme for example, researchers are encouraged to focus on academic publications in international journals as their main outlet.
One particular point of attention for the ESL Board has been finding means to mitigate the sizable effects that the large-scale educational reform of its bachelor’s and master’s education that commenced in 2012 and the ensuing increased workload in the area of teaching has had on the research time of ESL researchers and consequently on ESL’s research productivity. The aim has been to ensure that extra investments in the educational system are followed by extra investments in research capacity.
Finally, following the suggestions of the 2012 Midterm Review Committee, it was decided to invest in science communication by developing a strategy entailing two main intertwined instruments: the branding of ESL research with peers and relevant stakeholders and, thereafter, the marketing of research output.
23 http://www.vsnu.nl/files/documenten/Feiten_en_Cijfers/Definitie_afspraken_Wetenschappelijk_ Onderzoek_april_2010-IRRH-def-20100406.pdf 24 https://www.law.berkeley.edu/library/iflp/ 25 http://lawlib.wlu.edu/LJ/ 26 http://about.jcr.incites.thomsonreuters.com/full-titles-2015.pdf
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 24 Priority 2: strengthening output and increasing visibility
Strategic aims • Publication strategy geared at quality publishing: – Academic articles in leading national and international refereed journals – Monographs, book chapters and edited volumes published with leading national or international academic publishers – Professional articles, annotations and reports that have demonstrable impact on policy or legislation • Emphasising the value ESL’s research to society
Instruments • Initiating a debate on and raising awareness of the nature and quality of research output • Developing an indicator toolbox for research quality and relevance • Creating an ESL Journal List • Developing a strategy for research branding and marketing
3.3.3. Creating an outstanding PhD research environment The third strategic priority concerns the development of ESL as a research institution that attracts high potentials by offering a highly-quality PhD research environment, which comprises a PhD training programme as well as academic supervision for the duration of the research project. Such approach substantially improves the chances of the timely completion of a high-quality PhD, ultimately increasing the employability of ESL graduates. Moreover, in view of the limited direct-funding possibilities, alternative funding channels need to be actively pursued as they create more opportunities for talented candidates to conduct their PhD research while being employed by ESL.
In 2012, the Erasmus Graduate School of Law was established with the intention to offer a high-quality and internationally competitive Graduate School with high standards concerning the selection, education, and supervision of PhD researchers. As described in the 2012 Midterm Review Report, the main initial steps in this regard were EGSL’s robust institutional embedding in ESL, the establishment of a centralised open selection procedure for all ESL- financed PhD vacancies, and the establishment of a PhD training and monitoring procedure.27 The first group of twelve PhD researchers started their PhD training and research process under the new system in September 2012. Regarding the PhD training, a curriculum has been developed that reflects ESL’s profile in methodological terms while providing PhD researchers with sufficient opportunities to actively engage with the subject matter of their research project from its start. The ever growing internationalisation of legal research and criminology in its social context is also witnessed within ESL. Such a development structurally goes hand in hand with increasing interdisciplinarity, it specifically calls for mastering adequate research methods.
Encouraged by the praise of the 2012 Midterm Review Committee for this initiative, which pointed out that ‘ambitions and structure bode well for the future’,28 it was decided to further invest in the subsequent development of the training curriculum, the quality assurance
27 For details see section 3.4. of the Midterm Review 2012 and chapter 4.1.3. below. 28 2012 Midterm Assessment Report, available for Committee at the secured website.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 25 system, and the organisational structure of EGSL, all being instrumental in creating an outstanding PhD research environment. More specifically, it implied that the EGSL team should reflect ESL’s interdisciplinary focus, its methodological orientation and breadth of legal disciplines covered, as well as having sufficient budget for its activities. Against that backdrop, the integration of external PhD researchers without employment with ESL has been of particular concern. At the inception of EGSL, this large group of PhD researchers, who often come with experience in legal practice, had not been systematically included in EGSL, which the 2012 Midterm Review Committee also noted as a point for improvement. As a result, EGSL strives to make its curricular offers as accessible as possible for this group of PhD researchers, who – as recent examples of completed PhD theses that received a distinction (cum laude) highlight29 – have every potential to also perform high quality research.
Directly related to the strategic priority of creating an outstanding PhD research environment, ESL also decided to pay particular attention in its PhD course to the topic of ‘employability’, in particular for those young researchers who seek a career in academia.
Finally, in order to try to broaden the funding basis for PhD research conducted at ESL,30 research groups have been encouraged to explore and apply for national and European funding schemes, including those exclusively intended for the funding of individual or group PhD projects, such as the Vidi grant scheme of NWO and the European Commission’s Innovative Training Networks funding scheme. Moreover, it was decided to explore opportunities to cooperate with foreign Universities and funding organisations in securing additional funding for PhD projects.
Priority 3: creating an outstanding PhD research environment
Strategic aims • Developing a high-quality and internationally competitive environment for PhD researchers • Including external PhD researchers in the EGSL training and monitoring cycle • Broadening the funding basis for PhD projects
Instruments • Strong system of quality assurance in selection and progress monitoring • PhD training programme in line with ESL profile • Addressing ‘employability’ as part of the selection and progress monitoring cycle • Encouraging ESL researchers and research groups to apply for national and European funding for PhD projects • Seeking cooperation with foreign Universities and funding organisations
29 Went, F.H. (20 September, 2012). Das Opportunitätsprinzip im niederländischen und schweizerischen Strafverfahren. EUR. Prom./coprom.: prof.mr. H. de Doelder & Prof.Dr. W. Wohlers. Krzeminski, K.J. (2013, June 07). Herverpanding. EUR (419 pag.) (Oisterwijk: Wolf Legal Publishers). Prom./coprom.: prof.mr. A.I.M. van Mierlo. Tervoort, A.J.S.M. (17 October, 2013). Het bestuursverbod bij commanditaire vennootschap. EUR (404 pag.) (Deventer: Kluwer). Prom./coprom.: prof.mr. L. Timmerman. Jongh, J.M (23 January, 2014). Tussen 'societas' en 'universitas'. De beursvennootschap en haar aandeelhouders in historisch perspectief. EUR (712 pag.) (Deventer: Kluwer). Prom./coprom.: prof.mr. L. Timmerman & prof.mr. J.H.A. Lokin. 30 This was identified as an ‘opportunity’ in the SWOT of the ESL Midterm Review 2012.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 26 3.3.4. Creating financial leeway The extent to which ESL can achieve its mission and objectives ultimately depends on its ability to attract, develop and retain talented researchers at all stages of their career by offering an attractive research environment. This calls for a robust and sustainable financial basis that provides financial leeway. To achieve its strategic objectives, ESL could rely on a robust direct funding stream in the period under review. Yet, securing external funding has become increasingly important (as mentioned for PhD research in section 3.3.3), considering the consequences of projected demographic developments in the Netherlands on government funding of universities as well as due to plans to abolish the government bonus paid for completed PhD research projects. Correspondingly, ESL has intended to increase its research’s financial leeway through a more balanced revenue mix to invest in talented researchers and research groups, as well as, more generally, in innovation and that decreasingly relies on direct funding and one-off ad hoc funding opportunities offered by the Executive Board of Erasmus University Rotterdam.
In order to achieve this aim, ESL has been aiming to increase the number of research grant proposals that are submitted to national and European funding organisations in particular and, in connection therewith, an increase in the success rate of submitted proposals. Instrumental in this regard is the gradual professionalisation of the process that leads from scouting high- potential internal and external candidates at different stages of their career to selecting appropriate funding instruments, writing successful proposals, and support throughout the selection process, to administrative support in its implementation phase.
Increasing the success rate of external funding proposals is considered to go hand in hand with talent management, which includes building up curriculum vitae of talented researchers. Reference can be made in this context to the ESL ‘Programme for Talent Management’ and its success (discussed in section 4.1.1.) as well as to the current ESL Innovation Programme (Appendix 11), referred to above in chapter 3.3.1. Moreover, the latter aims at facilitating international cooperation and the preparation of funding proposals.
Another instrument identified by ESL to increase financial leeway is the exploitation of commercial opportunities, that is to intensify contracted research.
Priority 4: creating financial leeway
Strategic aim • Increasing financial flexibility in promoting research by mixing revenue in favour of external funding
Instruments • Professionalising the grant proposal process • Talent management • Facilitating international cooperation • Exploiting commercial opportunities
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 27 3.3.5. Fostering research integrity In response to the growing debate in academia in the Netherlands and beyond, which started with the Dutch ‘Stapel-affair’, the Erasmus University installed a taskforce in 2013. This taskforce was to develop a strategy on how to pay more attention to professionalism and integrity in research. ESL’s Manager Research actively participated in this taskforce. Its 2013 report entitled Fostering professionalism and integrity in research31 made specific recommendations for raising awareness, improving feedback, (PhD) training, and managing research data storage. ESL welcomed this initiative and formulated maintenance and fostering of research integrity as one of its strategic priorities.
ESL puts research integrity and professionalism on the agenda of every researcher affiliated to ESL, including those working on PhD projects. For this purpose, it was decided to explore ways to structurally embed professionalism and integrity in scientific research in ESL’s research organisation by, inter alia, making it an integral part of the regular EGSL PhD training and monitoring cycle, and by standardising research data management. To initiate this process in addition to making it a priority of the research Board of ESL and the Director of EGSL, a position was created for an Officer Scientific Integrity, who is dedicated to the task of putting professionalism and integrity in research on the agenda at ESL. Moreover, the establishment of an ESL Code of Conduct on Research Integrity has been initiated.
Priority 5: maintenance and fostering of scientific integrity
Strategic aim • Actively pursuing professionalism and integrity in research
Instruments • Structurally embedding professionalism and scientific integrity in the ESL research organisation • Establishing an ESL Officer Scientific Integrity and policy support • Development of an ESL Code of Conduct on research integrity
31 http://www.esl.eur.nl/fileadmin/ASSETS/ieb/integriteit/Taskforce_Scientific_Integrity_EUR.pdf
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 28 4. Achievements and reflections
This chapter reflects on the implementation of the strategic priorities set out in chapter 3 in the period under review. It first discusses what was achieved by applying the instruments described for the various priorities and it subsequently reflects more generally on the results achieved so far. In this context reference is also made to the two narratives in Part B that provide testimonial.
4.1. Achievements in implementing the strategic priorities
4.1.1. Studying law in its social and economic context in an interdisciplinary setting Concerning the instruments that were deployed to establish a distinct research profile for ESL (referred to in chapter 3.3.1), it can first of all be observed that securing additional research funding at the university level in the form of the Research Excellence Initiative (REI) was instrumental in further developing ESL’s research profile, both in substantive (law in a social and economic context) and in methodological terms (interdisciplinarity). REI is a direct- funding programme initiated for interdisciplinary research excellence at the Erasmus University based on demonstrated quality and impact. In the period under review, ESL was awarded five projects out of a total of 24, with a total volume of more than 3,000,000 euros. These projects were developed bottom-up by ESL researchers with the support of the ESL Board, and they cover the subjects of several ESL research programmes.32 By means of the applicable grant matching requirements (up to 50%), ESL financially committed itself to these projects, thus investing in research initiatives and groups that engage in international and interdisciplinary research in line with the faculty’s profile. This seed money has inter alia been used to reinforce ESL’s research groups, namely BACT, by attracting leading international researchers, such as Professor Jonathan Klick (University of Pennsylvania Law School) and Professor Jeffrey Rachlinski (Cornell Law School), as well as by extending international reach in terms of refereed publications, by cultivating the interdisciplinary approach, and by organising numerous activities that range from conferences and workshops to book projects and lab experiments as becomes clear from narratrive 1. It has moreover resulted in research cooperation with other faculties at the Erasmus University, such as the Institute for Social Studies (ISS) and Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication (ESHCC) in the context of the INFAR REI project, the Erasmus Medical Centre in the context of the ‘Doctors and criminal lawyers, dealing with Death and Dying’ REI-project, and the Faculty of Social Sciences in the context of the ‘Shifting from Welfare to Social Investment States’ REI-project.
In addition to the REI-projects, a stimulation of entrepreneurship and grassroot research, namely in cooperation with other faculties of the Erasmus University and in the context of the Leiden-Delft-Erasmus strategic alliance announced in 2012 resulted in the establishment of the European Research Centre for Economic and Financial Governance (EURO-CEFG) on the
32 Prof. W. van Boom, prof. M. Faure, Behavioural Approaches to Contract and Tort; Prof P. Mevis / Erasmus MC / ISS, Doctors and criminal lawyers, dealing with Death and Dying; Prof. S. Taekema / ESHCC, Integrating Functional and Normative Approaches to Rules of Law and Human Rights (INFAR); Prof. M. Faure, prof. P. Mascini / FSW, Shifting from Welfare to Social Investment States; Dr. Arcuri, dr. Temperman / FSW (coordinator), Depoliticization and the public interest. For more information see http://www.esl.eur.nl/research/
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 29 initiative of ESL and Leiden Law School in 2014.33 As one of the eight LDE research centres initially established, EURO-CEFG initially received 355,000 euros for creating an international network of high-quality researchers and societal stakeholders around the interdisciplinary subject of economic and financial governance in the EU. Following a first internal review, EURO-CEFG received a second grant of 548,000 euros in 2015. ESL financially matched these start-up grants not only in kind (research time of participating ESL staff),34 but also by funding an additional postgraduate position. Although it is still in its start-up phase, EURO- CEFG is already a promising example of a working strategy for building a multidisciplinary national, European and trans-Atlantic network of leading researchers.35
In the period under review, the Grant Programme for Talent Management, which was the forerunner of today’s Research Innovation Programme, was initially used to facilitate the development of European grant proposals and to carry out academic activities that further strengthen the CVs of talented ESL researchers, e.g. by financially supporting research stays abroad to acquire new skills or to prepare for applying for a personal grant. With the introduction of the Innovation Programme in 2015, ESL aimed at putting even more emphasis on expanding and developing (international) networks to be competitive in H2020 applications and on facilitating researchers in writing research grant proposals by, inter alia, discharging them from teaching obligations. To this end, the available funding was doubled from 100,000 euros to 200,000 euros in 2015. While it is too early to fully evaluate the effects of this increase, the first results are promising. The Innovation Programme assisted Dr Jeroen Temperman in a successful KNAW Fulbright Scholarship in 2014 and Professor Elaine Mak in preparing a successful NWO Vidi. Moreover, funds from this programme have been utilized to launch innovative research initiatives in line with the ambition and research profile of ESL, such as a collaboration of ESL researchers from its FA programme with a researcher from BACT and the Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods (Bonn, Germany), which made use of the computer laboratory of the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE).36 In previous years Dr Michiel van der Wolf was supported with a ESL Toptalent PhD Stipend which gave him the opportunity for a research stay abroad. In 2012 Van der Wolf was awarded a NWO Veni grant. The activities with regard to curriculum vitae development financed through ESL research funding also contributed to ESL’s broader strategy of facilitating promising researchers at all stages of their career.
Finally, the dynamization of the funding of research programmes referred to in chapter 3.3.1 has had the expected result that research programmes with higher output performance also received more funding. In substantive terms, one may observe programme budgets being spent on activities that contribute to improving the quality and impact of a programme and output, including not only organising symposia, inviting guest researchers and short research stay abroad, but also language editing.
4.1.2. Academic visibility and relevance to policy and society Arguably more so than in many other academic disciplines, legal research is traditionally driven by the particular characteristics of the national system to which it refers, that is unless it addresses comparative, European or international law issues. Consequently, the domestic academic and professional market is a main outlet for legal research. This may be the case to a lesser degree for criminological publications, but even for those the national frame of reference remains more central than for other social sciences. To a certain extent, an
33 http://www.euro-cefg.eu. Professor Fabian Amtenbrink (ESL) acts as Scientific Director of the EURO- CEFG. See also the two narratives. 34 Namely Professor Fabian Amtenbrink, Professor Klaus Heine and Professor Alessio Pacces. 35 See also narrative 1 and 2. 36 See also narrative 1.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 30 inherent tension exists between the characteristics of a substantial part of legal research that is directed at the study and development of a particular national jurisdiction, and the desire to compare favourably with some other main academic disciplines by aiming output primarily, if not exclusively, at academic publications in international refereed journals with an impact factor, inter alia, to ensure traceability in existing databases. In the period under review, it was ESL’s constant concern to resolve this tension in favour of more international output without effectively abolishing legal research pertaining to the national domain.37
A similar issue arises when the role of professional publications as opposed to academic publications is considered. While recognising the necessity of professional publications, such as annotations to court decisions, first priority was given to academic publications with the introduction of the ‘Sanders’ Qualification in 2006.
However, as explained in chapter 3.3.2, the ‘Sanders’ Qualification was considered unfit for the purpose of identifying and incentivising high quality academic and professional output with high societal relevance. This resulted in ESL’s decision to give priority to the development of an indicator toolbox for research quality and relevance that can feature in a performance measuring system. Said toolbox will allow to identify and incentivise outstanding performers at all career stages. This objective was pursued through a number of initiatives. First, a broad dialogue among the faculty’s leading researchers was initiated on what defines talent and performance in research, namely what criteria may be relevant in this context, as well as on how talent and performance may be nurtured and rewarded. This resulted in the establishment of a working group that consisted of senior researchers with different disciplinary and legal backgrounds (the ESL taskforce performance indicators). This working group took decisive steps in developing a toolbox of performance indicators that facilitates the identification, categorisation and appraisal of research output, including valorisation activities. At several stages in the development process, (potential) building blocks for a performance-based incentive system were discussed during professorial retreats and lunches. Moreover, the basic outline of such a system was discussed with the Executive Board of Erasmus University.
In the draft of the new framework, indicators are included for academic output: grants and earning capacity; PhD supervision; interaction with business, policy and society; and marks of recognition. Each researcher would have to earn a minimum amount of points, divided between these categories and dependent on their career stage. Each researcher who meets the minimum standard, which still has to be determined, will receive basic research time. In order to determine outstanding research performance, research achievements of individual researchers must be determined in a dynamic system, with individual performance being based on the number of points accumulated in relation to the aggregated quantity of points acquired among the peer group of researchers (postdoctoral researchers, assistant professors, associate professors and professors). The threshold of ‘outstanding performing’ has yet to be determined based on a test currently being carried out on the draft. A fortunate by-product of this extensive dialogue so far has been that researchers more actively engage with ESL’s research profile and have become more conscious not only of quality standards, but also of the importance of research dissemination including, but not limited to, traditional academic channels.
In the meantime, scientific output was produced based on the current system of minimum output requirements (‘Sanders’ Qualification) and the publication strategy applied by research programme directors. Figures 2a and 2b show a relative consistent pattern in the production
37 Legal research pertaining to the national domain determines the reputation and relevance of legal research for that jurisdiction; it also has a decisive impact on the reputation of the legal education offered by a law school.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 31 of academic and professional publications as well as in publications for national and international forums. As the period covered was characterised by an increased focus on educational activities due to the implementation of large-scale reform of the bachelor and master programme from 2012 onwards, the level of total productivity shown in Figures 2a and 2b may be considered favourably. The temporary rise in productivity in 2012-2013 may be explained by output that was prepared in previous years, while the numbers of academic staff with research time decreased over the same period and the research time of academic staff came under pressure as a result of the considerable extra efforts to implement the educational reform referred to in chapter 2.1.
Consequently, one particular point of attention for the ESL Board was finding ways to mitigate the sizable effects of the educational reform, and the result that such increased focus on education has had on the research time of ESL researchers, and thus on the research productivity of ESL. The aim was to ensure that the extra investments in the educational system were followed by extra investments in research capacity. In 2015, the ESL Board created a fund to guarantee a stimulating research environment that enables researchers to make the best of themselves. Said fund that allowed for 10 FTE annually for an initial period of 4 years aimed at expanding high-level research capacity, protecting research time, and reducing educational workload by attracting academic teaching and coordinating staff that can accommodate a growing student intake. This has not only resulted in employment of new researchers, but also notably in protecting – if not regaining – research time of existing research staff.
ESL FTE research/output (ac. and prof.)
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
total academic professional
ESL FTE research/ac. output (Int. and Nat.)
20
15
10
5
0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
total academic international national
Figure 2a/b. Productivity of academic and professional output and international and Dutch output 2009-2015.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 32 The levels of internationalisation of research output in the period under review are made clear in Figure 2b (and in output table in Appendix 2a). According to this figure, around 50% of academic research output at ESL fell into the category of academic international publications which may be considered a relatively high percentage for a law school. The full list of ESL publications is presented in Part II (Output list 2009-2015).
Figures 3a and 3b zoom in on the publication strategies of the research programmes by showing their ratio of academic/professional publications and international/Dutch academic publications. The programmes BACT and RRL had a publication strategy that mainly focussed on (refereed) academic articles in international journals, as well as monographs and book contributions in edited volumes published by leading international publishers. The programmes FA and LM applied a more nationally oriented output profile that, moreover, was characterised by great cross-fertilisation between different research outlets and activities. The academic and professional output these two programmes achieved – even more so than the first two – was directly used in legal practice or policy, also because of their close cooperation with partners outside the university. The research programme MSS took mid- position. This characterisation of research output in the relevant period is discussed in a more qualitative way in the two narratives.
Ratio ac./prof. publications per programme
5,0
4,0
3,0
2,0
1,0
0,0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
BACT FA LM MSS RRL
Figure 3a. Ratio academic / professional publications per programme 2009-2015.
Ratio int. ac. /Dutch ac. per programme
5,0
4,0
3,0
2,0
1,0
0,0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
BACT FA LM MSS RRL
Figure 3b. Ratio international / Dutch academic publications per programme 2009-2015.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 33 Turning from productivity to the quality of the output in relation to ESL’s profile, narrative 1 and 2, as well as the list of key publications show that ESL emphasises an international and interdisciplinary approach in research directed at different forums.
In pursuing the strategic priority (described in chapter 3.3.2.) of putting more emphasis on the value of ESL’s research to society (societal relevance) and enhancing its visibility, valorisation was made a standard item in the annual performance appraisals of ESL researchers. Furthermore, all research programmes now deliver annual reports with considerable attention to societal relevance and impact. The narratives in this report include explicit testimonials of the economic and social context of ESL’s research into the function of law, as well as the visibility of the research output. ESL developed a set of indicators (Appendix 10) to measure societal relevance and impact of research in relation to the mission of ESL. See part c of this report for an overview of the key performance on these indicators. The narratives also refer to the indicators.
It has to be stated that the strategic priority of investing in science communication only took shape in concrete terms relatively late in the period under review. In 2015, a Knowledge Exchange Officer (0.5 FTE) was appointed on a temporary basis with the main task to support researchers in starting and developing collaborative relationships and consortia with Dutch and European companies, multinational corporations, universities and research institutions, and governments as well as to explore opportunities in Horizon 2020. These efforts are also directed at generating more contracted research.
From 2007 onwards, ESL has invested in the establishment and maintenance of its own electronic law journal, the Erasmus Law Review (ELR). In 2015, ELR was ranked number 4 out of 51 journals on European Law in the Washington and Lee Journal Ranking (on impact factor, all countries).38
4.1.3. Providing an outstanding research environment for PhD researchers In the period under review, ESL developed major initiatives for pursuing its ambitious strategic priority of developing a high-quality and internationally competitive environment for PhD researchers. Both the establishment of the Erasmus Graduate School of Law (EGSL) and the participation of ESL in the European Doctorate in Law and Economics programme (EDLE) were instrumental in this regard.
The setting up of EGSL in 2012, already referred to in chapters 2.3. and 3.3.3., was the start of creating an organisational infrastructure dedicated to PhD research. At the core of this new approach stands an extensive PhD training curriculum and monitoring system that is aimed at high quality PhD research in line with ESL’s profile. As part of this new system, a centralised competitive open selection for ESL-employed PhD researchers was introduced which aimed at attracting research talent internationally.
As Figure 4 shows, EGSL features an extensive curriculum amounting to a total of 60 ECTS. It comprises the training of methodological skills, writing skills and in-depth reflection on a researcher’s own research project (Research Lab). The core curriculum is complemented by optional courses that PhD researchers may choose according to their specific research project. Since the 2012 Midterm Research Assessment, training modules have been constantly improved as a result of PhD researchers’ feedback.39 In addition, EGSL integrated a training to prevent falsification, fabrication and plagiarism into its educational programme in 2014. In order to pass the probationary year referred to in chapter 2.3., it is essential that all
38 http://lawlib.wlu.edu/LJ/index.aspx 39 For this EGSL set out questionnaires.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 34 coursework assignments meet the required standard. The focus of the PhD training programme lies in the teaching of research skills that go beyond the legal discipline.
First year educational programme EGSL
Academic Writing in English 4,0 ects Research Lab 2,5 ects Collaborating with your Supervisor 1,0 ects Introduction to Legal Research Methods 5,0 ects Research Lab 2,5 ects Reflections on Social Science Research 5,0 ects Writing Clinic, part I 2,5 ects Research Lab 2,5 ects Academic Writing in English (Presentation skill) 1,0 ects Writing Clinic, part II 2,5 ects Research Lab 2,5 ects Independent Study: preparation of the research proposal and 29 ects
following of individual external courses Total 60 ects
Figure 4. First year educational programme Erasmus Graduate School of Law.
As part of the establishment of EGSL, the selection of employed PhD researchers was radically changed from a system of distributing PhD positions in a fair and impartial manner among departments and a decentralised selection procedure to a competitive open selection procedure that is centrally organised by EGSL. The applications undergo a rigorous screening process; the implication thereof is that prospective PhD researchers first have to find a potential supervisor at ESL with whom they draft a research proposal. This leads to a self- directed selection by prospective PhD researchers and an average of about 30 serious applications annually. These applications are assessed in a single blind review process, followed by consecutive interviews held by an impartial committee, which consists of ESL’s senior staff. The applications are in particular assessed with regard to a candidate’s CV, background and track record, the innovativeness of the obligatory research proposal (attached to the application), the proposal’s academic thoroughness, the proposals’ methodological soundness, the feasibility of the proposed research, as well as the commonality of the applicant’s research (interests) to ESL’s research programmes. EGSL oversees the full process with respect to its impartiality and supports the selection committee in all phases of the selection. As a result of the new procedure, ESL senior research staff became more aware of the fact that a successful selection process does not only require scouting high-potential candidates, but also a thorough planning of the PhD research project in advance. The positive effects of this approach on the overall quality of the PhD-projects are already noticeable. The majority of the first EGSL class of 2012-2013 showed sufficient progress to assume their being able to forward their completed manuscripts to their doctoral committee within 48 months.
Another core feature of the new system is the establishment of individual doctorate committees and a monitoring cycle that lasts for the full duration of the PhD research, including the ‘go/no go decision’ at the end of the initial 14-month period referred to in chapter 2.3. Until now, EGSL did not have to take any negative decision. However, the ‘go/no go moment’ highlights achievements and possible deficits of a PhD research project, and
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 35 may trigger taking appropriate measures, such as planning a research stay abroad to further push ideas, or planning more frequent meetings with supervisors and extra courses to keep a PhD researcher on the assigned time schedule.
The PhD research environment has been further improved by ESL’s participation in the Association of Transnational Law Schools (ATLAS), which is an international consortia of law schools that organises summer schools focussing predominantly on methodological and substantive subjects, such as comparative law techniques and regulatory responses to globalisation.40 Moreover, EGSL encourages an international exchange of PhD researchers by, inter alia, offering financial support to ESL researchers for research stays abroad and by welcoming foreign PhD researchers as part of the ESL Junior Fellowship Programme.41 Other mesures that reinforced the research community of PhD researchers are the annual Kick-off Day, where freshman PhD researchers introduce themselves and their research plans, the annual Review Day, where this group of PhD researchers present their first year results, as well as the annual Call for Ideas for joint research projects initiated by PhD researchers (award 5,000 euros).
As shown by Table 4, the majority of PhD projects were conducted by non-Dutch researchers from 2012 until the end of the period under review. Although the majority of these researchers were affiliated to the EDLE programme, which by its very setup has an international character, the establishment of EGSL and the introduction of a competitive open selection procedure made sure there is a consistent number of international applications for PhD research positions by non-EDLE researchers too. That means Dutch and international applicants are treated on equal footing, which already makes research excellence already at the PhD level the foremost goal of ESL.
Table 4. Intake and nationalities PhD researchers EGSL/EDLE cohorts 2012-2015.
Starting year
Nationalities PhD researchers 2012 2013 2014 2015 Dutch 11 14 23 14 Employed PhD researcher 8 7 12 5 Contracted PhD researcher 1 0 1 0 External PhD researcher 2 7 9 9 Non-PhD ESL staff conducting PhD research 0 0 1 0 Non-Dutch 20 21 18 16 Employed PhD researcher 4 4 2 4 Contracted PhD researcher 16 15 15 10 External PhD researcher 0 2 1 2 Total PhD researchers 31 35 42 30
Embracing the 2012 Midterm Review Committee’s suggestions concerning the position of external PhD researchers who are neither employed by ESL nor have a stipend, ESL has pursued an active policy of stimulating their participation in all courses and activities offered by EGSL as well as EDLE (to the extent offered in Rotterdam). Since 2015, all ESL supervisors are therefore asked at the beginning of each academic year to register external PhD researchers in EGSL (EDLE) courses. Considering that external PhD researchers usually have full-time employment elsewhere, making the training programme obligatory turned out not to
40 http://associationoftransnationallawschools.blogspot.nl/ 41 http://www.esl.eur.nl/egsl/junior_fellowship/
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 36 be feasible. However, external PhD researchers are explicitly invited to participate in all EGSL activities such as lunch lectures and training activities. Since 2015, ESL moreover has undertaken further steps to integrate external PhD researchers into the EGSL monitoring system by also setting up doctorate committees for this group of PhD researchers. At the time of writing of this report, individual doctorate committees have been established for about half of all external PhD researchers. Consequently, about one half of the external PhD researchers still remains outside EGSL’s monitoring system, which has to be considered, however, a transitional issue that will have faded out when EGSL reaches its full capacity in the next years.
In the period after the establishment of EGSL, the resilience of its governance structure and financial basis have been strengthened. In recent years, EGSL gained more administrative capacity due to the professionalisation of the school coordinator’s tasks in conjunction with student assistants. Moreover, a second Dean of the PhD Programme (0.2 FTE) was appointed in 2016. ESL gave long-term commitment to EGSL and to funding a minimum number of PhD research positions. Furthermore, EGSL secured a start-up grant from the Executive Board of the University of 118,000 euros in 2012. This seed money was since used to undertake new initiatives such as adding new courses to the curriculum, organising a PhD alumni day, professionalisation of the EGSL team, and enhancing EGSL’s visibility in electronic media. EGSL continues to have enough financial leeway to further improve its educational programme in the upcoming years.
With regard to EDLE, the EDLE board added the University of Haifa to its stakeholders in 2015 in order to address the budgetary consequences of the fading out of the European Commission Erasmus Mundus funding referred to in section 2.4. This addition resulted in additional PhD-positions in EDLE.
Concerning the success rates of PhD research projects, it has to be noted that the period under review exclusively covers PhD projects that commenced before the introduction of the new system as the first cohort of EGSL PhD researchers commenced their work only in September 2012. The number of PhD defences in the period under review is reflected in Figure 5, which makes a distinction between PhD researchers employed by ESL (internal), EDLE PhDs and external PhD researchers who have no employment status (including PhDs with a China Scholarship). In 2010 and 2011, a peak in successfully completed PhD projects by internal PhD researchers can be noted, which may be explained by an extra intake in 2006 and 2007. The increase in EDLE defences in 2014 and 2015 may be explained by an extra intake that was the result of obtaining the prestigious Erasmus Mundus label in 2010.42 Appendices 6 and 7 provide an overview of completed PhD theses in 2009-2015 as well as ongoing PhD research projects.
42 Resulting in 8 extra PhD positions for EDLE.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 37 Maintaining level of PhD defences
Internal EDLE External
30
25 9 5 20 5 5 5 5 15 3 6 1 9 10 5 12 7 12 13 14 5 4 9 3 4 4 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Figure 5. Number of PhD defences ESL 2009-2015.
At the time of writing this report, it is not yet possible to make a longitudinal analysis of the success rate of PhD researchers (success after 4, 5, 6 years et cetera) enrolled in EGSL. However, these statistics can be presented for the previous cohorts which are part of this assessment. Tables 5a and 5b show the success rates (absolute and in percentages) of the cohorts 2007-2012 of ESL PhD researchers (employed and contracted).43 Table 6a and 6b present these statistics for EDLE PhD researchers.44 Over the period 2007-2012, the average time spent until the defence ceremony is 51 months for ESL PhD research projects and 46 months for EDLE PhD research projects.
Nine PhD researchers in the cohorts 2007, 2009 and 2010 (before the start of EGSL) have not yet finished their PhD project and EGSL started closely monitoring these PhD researchers as well as the supervision by their supervisors. They are expected to obtain their doctorate at the beginning of 2017.
43 External PhDs and (8) part-time PhDs are excluded, conform SEP definition. 44 PhD researchers not having employee status are not included in these tables as they conduct their research based on individual arrangements with their supervisors and EGSL, and in most, but certainly not all, instances over longer periods as their PhD research is often not their main occupation.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 38 Table 5a. In- and output statistics cohorts 2007-2012 PhD researchers (employed (≥ 0.8 FTE) and contracted).
Enrolment Output Total N N N Starting M F Graduated Graduated Graduated Graduated Total Not yet Dis- Average year within within within within graduated finished continued months to 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years or defence (< 31 Dec) (< 31 Dec) (< 31 Dec) more (2) (< 31 Dec) 2007 8 4 3 7 9 9 9 2 1 49 2008 2 5 3 5 6 6 6 0 1 54 2009 6 3 2 3 4 4 4 2 3 52 2010 6 6 1 3 3 - 3 7 2 55 2011 4 6 2 3 - - 3 7 0 48 2012 (3) 10 8 - - - - - 16 2 - Total 36 32 11 21 22 19 25 34 9 51
Table 5b. Success rates in % cohorts 2007-2012 PhD researchers (employed (≥ 0.8 FTE) and contracted).
Enrolment Output Total % % % Starting M F Graduated Graduated Graduated Graduated Total Not yet Dis- Total year within within within within graduated finished continued 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years or (< 31 Dec) (< 31 Dec) (< 31 Dec) more (< 31 Dec) 2007 67 33 25 58 75 75 75 17 8 100 2008 29 71 43 71 86 86 86 0 14 100 2009 67 33 22 33 44 44 44 22 33 100 2010 50 50 8 25 25 - 25 58 17 100 2011 40 60 20 30 - - 30 70 0 100 2012 56 44 - - - - - 89 11 100 Total 53 47 24 43 58 68 37 50 13 100
Note 1: Cohorts T-3 until T-8 were included. Note 2:Average in months is based on the duration of the doctoral process until date of defence. Note 3: Start EGSL in 2012 (T-3).
With regard to EDLE, the success rate of the yearly cohorts can be compared as standardised training supervision plans have been recorded since its establishment. On the basis of these data, the conclusion can be drawn that structural training and close monitoring of PhD researchers had a positive effect on securing a high success rate of finished PhD projects after four years. For example, from the cohort of 2010 64% obtained a doctorate within four years and from the cohort of 2011 63% of the PhD researchers received their doctorate degree within four years. Although these numbers cannot solely be attributed to the EDLE monitoring system, but also to an international pool of excellent applicants, it is safe to say that the organisation and management of PhD training within EDLE contributed to a high success rate of finished PhD projects after four years at ESL. It is expected that EGSL’s monitoring system will have a similar positive effect on the success rate of PhD projects finished within four years.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 39 Table 6a. In- and output statistics cohorts 2007-2012 EDLE PhD researchers.
Enrolment Output Total
N N N Starting M F Graduated Graduated Graduated Graduated Total Not yet Dis- Average year within within within within graduated finished continued months 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years or to (< 31 Dec) (< 31 Dec) (< 31 Dec) more defence (< 31 Dec) 2008 2 5 1 2 7 7 7 0 0 48 2009 3 3 0 2 2 3 3 1 2 53 2010 7 7 0 9 10 10 10 3 1 47 2011 9 7 4 10 - - 10 4 2 42 2012 9 6 4 - - - 4 9 2 38 Total 34 30 9 24 23 24 38 18 8 46
Table 6b. Success rates in % cohorts 2007-2012 EDLE PhD researchers.
Enrolment Output Total % % % Starting M F Graduated Graduated Graduated Graduated Total Not yet Dis- Total year within within within within graduated finished continued 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years or (< 31 Dec) (< 31 Dec) (< 31 Dec) more (< 31 Dec) 2007 67 33 0 17 67 67 67 17 17 100 2008 29 71 14 29 100 100 100 0 0 100 2009 50 50 0 33 33 50 50 17 33 100 2010 50 50 0 64 71 71 71 21 7 100 2011 46 44 25 63 - - 63 25 13 100 2012 60 40 27 - - - 27 60 13 100 Total 53 47 22 41 68 72 59 28 13 100
Considering the average project duration for EDLE, as well as for E(G)SL before and (in terms of trends) after 2012, the conclusion may be drawn that a substantially larger percentage overall of PhD researchers associated to ESL successfully finishes their projects within four years, faster than what VSNU. It stated that, on average (2007-2011), approximately only 11% of PhD researchers at Dutch law faculties complete their thesis within four years (ESL 24%, EDLE 41%).45
As part of the strategic priority to create an outstanding PhD research environment, more attention has been paid in recent years to the issue of ‘employability’ as part of the selection process and progress monitoring cycle. With regard to employability, a distinction has to be made between input and output indicators. Concerning input indicators of employability, EGSL applied specific instruments that it expects will have a positive effect on future employability of PhD researchers. These instruments included language and writing skill courses, time management courses, and individual coaching. More specific tools were applied in case PhD researchers had to overcome a challenge in their private life (a newborn, psychological distress, et cetera) or if a stay abroad at a university had to be organised. While the measures to be taken at the input side of employability may have been quite diverse, the important issue is that individual challenges for PhD researchers are identified and addressed
45 VSNU, Jaaropgaven promovendi 2015, September 2016.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 40 by EGSL as early as possible. Instrumental in this regard are the aforementioned individual doctorate committees, which also address future prospects and actual hindrances to employability. Moreover, PhD researchers discuss career aspirations and opportunities with the EGSL PhD coordinator and ESL’s Human Resources Department in month 44 of their PhD programme. These measures are complemented by the availability of a Grant Officer at ESL who raises the awareness of research funding opportunities and guides them through the process of grant applications and stipends. Output indicators of employability refer to the placement of PhD researchers in academia as well as in the profit and non-profit sectors. After the 2012 Midterm, ESL started to register the occupations of its alumni, and Table 7 presents all retrieved information on the first occupation after obtaining a doctorate.
Table 7. Placement of ESL alumni 2013-2015.
Sector Alumni 2013 Alumni 2014 Alumni 2015
N % N % N %
Judiciary 4 24 % 4 19 % 1 4 % Private 2 12 % 0 0 % 2 8 % Research 8 47 % 11 52 % 13 54 % Other 3 18 % 2 10 % 1 4 % Unknown 0 0 % 3 14 % 7 29 % Deceased 0 0 % 1 5 % 0 0 % Total 17 100 % 21 100 % 24 100 %
Note: data retrieved up to 7 April 2016.
In EDLE, a relatively large portion of about 50% of PhD researchers stay in academia while the other half of the PhD researchers finds employment in the profit and non-profit sectors. At the moment, 24 alumni are employed in the academic (research) sector, 10 in the industry sector, 6 by a governmental organisation, 1 by a non-profit organisation and some occupations are yet unknown.
Table 8. Intake PhD positions funded by ESL.
Intake PhD positions funded by ESL 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 EGSL EGSL EGSL EGSL PhD positions in EDLE (1) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 PhD positions directly assigned to ESL 6 5 2 7 1 0 0 departments PhD positions for laureates of ESL 0 2 1 1 2 1 1 Research Lab (2) PhD positions in EGSL Open 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 Competition (3) Total PhD positions funded by ESL 8 9 5 10 10 8 8
Note 1: Each year ESL funds two PhD positions in the EDLE programme. Note 2: Until 2014, ESL funded two laureates from the Research Lab each year. Note 3: 2013 was the first year of EGSL’s Open Competition based on proposals and CVs of candidates.
As Table 8 shows, the number of new PhD research projects that is directly funded through ESL was relatively consistent in the period under review. At the same time, the limited number of PhD positions annually available emphasises the need to maintain and further broaden the
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 41 funding basis for PhD research conducted at ESL. In addition to the Research Talent Grants scheme by the Dutch NWO, ESL therefore realised European Union funding in the form of the European Commission Erasmus Mundus programme in the period under review. Moreover, ESL has cooperated with several leading Chinese law schools in selecting PhD researchers with personal funding from the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) from 2011. ESL’s China Law Centre (ECLC) currently hosts 10 Chinese stipend PhD researchers who are financed by the CSC and who fully participate in EGSL’s training and monitoring cycle to ensure the quality and timely completion of their research projects.
Additional initiatives that were prepared in the period under review recently bore fruit. These include a successful bit with ESL participation for a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), with a total budget of 4,000,000 euros for all partner universities.46 As a result of this award, two PhD positions are to be added to ESL in 2017. Besides, ESL is to provide the Director of Training of the training network (Professor Fabian Amtenbrink), and Professor Klaus Heine is to teach a dedicated course on international trade relations.
At the same time, opportunities for additional funding for PhD research that become available at university level are also pursued. Thus, in the context of the Leiden-Delft-Erasmus strategic alliance, the European Research Centre for Economic and Financial Governance (EURO- CEFG) in late 2015 received funding for three PhD projects that are currently filled in.
4.1.4. Increasing the significance of external funding As pointed out in chapter 3.3.4, securing external funding is key to a more balanced revenue mix that in due course will increase the financial leeway of ESL research due to decreasing dependency on direct funding and one-off ad hoc funding opportunities that the Executive Board of the Erasmus University offers.
ESL invested in the creation of a full-time position for a dedicated Research Grant Officer (from 2009) whose main task it is to match national and international funding opportunities with the CVs of ESL researchers at all stages of their career, advise researchers on how to improve their CVs to match funding requirements, provide logistical support for preparing funding proposals, and assist in the administration of externally funded projects. In doing so, the Research Grant Officer cooperates with the ESL finance and human resources departments, as well as with the research support offices at the university level. The Research Grant Officer was also involved in all major external funding projects that were submitted in recent years.
In order to further increase the quality of research proposals, as a rule feedback on all draft research proposals is provided by experienced researchers with a track record in securing external research funding, in addition to screening the CVs of researchers with regard to their chance of success. Furthermore, mock interviews are organised, to the extent applicable to the funding scheme, including researchers both from ESL and other faculties of the Erasmus University.
Moreover, ESL’s talent policy has been directed more at expanding the group of researchers that meet the criteria of NWO and EU calls for proposals by retaining, recruiting and facilitating those researchers who may be eligible for a grant. It does so, for example, by investing in postgraduates, by screening new academic staff for acquisitional and entrepreneurial skills, and by temporarily discharging researchers from teaching activities.
46 The University of Birmingham School of Law is the leading applicant with ESL being one of the principal participants.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 42 In order to better exploit commercial opportunities as a source of external research funding, ESL has invested in the position of a Knowledge Exchange Officer as well as in the creation of the position of a Business Developer.
Shifting the focus to actual numbers, it can be seen that extra investment in research talent and grant support has started to yield results. Figure 6 shows the value of the various kinds of awarded grants in competition for the period 2009-October 2016, and highlights how the portfolio of external research grants obtained in competition has increased, regardless of two less successful years (2011 and 2015), since 2013. Both Figure 6 and Figure 7 demonstrate that 2016 indicates that it is a positive break from the trend of one-off ad hoc funding opportunities by the Executive Board of the Erasmus University being the dominating source of indirect research funding – as it was in previous years – as external grants are becoming the primary source of extra research funding. For the first time, funding achieved in competition from external sources surpasses one-off ad hoc funding secured from within the Erasmus University.
The number of awarded research grant proposals submitted by ESL researchers has increased substantially in recent years, as shown by Figure 8. In this context, however, it must be noted that the volume of awarded grants in competition has not increased evenly with the number of proposals awarded. One may draw the conclusion from this data that a disproportionate effort would have to be made to increase the number of grants obtained in competition. Yet, the data for 2016 (until October) shown in Figure 8 suggest a positive break from this trend as the majority of submitted proposals were also awarded.
In the period under review, ESL also sought opportunities to increase research funding through contract funding, in particular by enrolling in European tenders and commissioned research, which may result in or will have added value for academic publications. A good example of high quality applied academic research is ‘DG Justice, Building EU civil justice: comparative and harmonising perspectives on access to justice and judicial competition’ by Professor Xandra Kramer (2015). The list of performance on quality and relevance indicators (see Part d of this report) provides other examples of commissioned research that matches ESL’s profile.
In addition to research funding, ESL intensified its efforts to obtain Erasmus + grants. With the support of the new ESL Business Developer, a proposal for a European and International Master in Criminology submitted by the Universities of Rotterdam, Ghent, Kent, Bologna and Koç was recently awarded.47 In addition, also a proposal for an international research and education project drafted with the Universities of Tilburg, Antwerp, Luxembourg and Gdańsk in the field 'Transnational employment within the transport sector in the EU' was approved.48
47 For Rotterdam the proposal was drafted under the leadership of Professor René van Swaaningen. 48 From ESL under the leadership of Dr Gerdien van der Voet, Dr Zef Even and Professor Ruben Houweling.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 43 Awarded grants obtained in scientific competition (in M€)
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016(Oct) 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0
International National (NWO/KNAW) EUR/LDE
Figure 6. Types of awarded grants in competition in volume.
Awarded grants obtained in scientific competition in % (in M€)
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016(Oct) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
International National (NWO/KNAW) EUR/LDE
Figure 7. Types of awarded grants in competition in %.
Total submitted grants in scientific competition (in N)
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 (Oct) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Awarded EU/NL Awarded EUR/LDE Rejected EU/NL Rejected EUR/LDE
Figure 8. Total number of submitted grants in scientific competition.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 44 4.1.5. Organisationally embedding professionalism and integrity in research Creating the position of Officer Scientific Integrity (0.1 FTE) in 2014 has been instrumental in firmly embedding professionalism and integrity in research in the ESL organisation. The active pursuit of research integrity was shaped, first and foremost, by the appointment of Professor Henk van de Bunt, Professor of Criminology, who has years of experience in qualitative and quantitative research. His assignment has been to initiate wide debate about integrity in research and creating an open environment in which all academic staff can discuss dilemmas that may arise in legal discipline. Professor Henk van de Bunt is supported by a policy officer (0.2 FTE) to organise meetings and implement policies regarding (PhD) training and reference checks.
Since the creation of the new office, several meetings have been organised on topics such as (self) plagiarism – with keynote speaker emeritus Professor Kees Schuyt, former chair of the Netherlands Board on Research Integrity (LOWI) – on research data management (RDM); and on dilemmas about the strong connection with the legal profession as contracted research, participation in advisory committees and dual appointments. At some of these meetings the EUR Dilemma Game49 was played to provoke further discussion, for example, on giving feedback to colleagues in doctoral committees. Two more examples are a discussion about possible conflict of interest for scientific staff, in particular those who hold ancillary positions in legal practice, when participating in advisory committees that may impact legislation, and a debate on the use of the academic title of ‘Professor’ in ancillary positions, advisory committees, and public appearances. The purpose of this discussions was not to establish strict rules, but to develop a Code of Conduct for Research Integrity. The latter is expected to be set out in 2017.
Concerning the integration of the topic of research integrity in the PhD monitoring cycle, EGSL integrated a training to prevent falsification, fabrication and plagiarism into its courses of Introduction to Legal Research Methods, Research Lab, and its Writing Clinic in 2014. The subject of professionalism in research is also part of a PhD researcher’s Training and Supervision Plan (TSP). A TSP requires detailed information about dealing with possible integrity issues in research design and methodology, and also includes an agreement on (additional) courses needed to conduct research in conformity with the standards of the VSNU and EUR Codes of Conduct.50 PhD researchers of the EDLE programme have to follow an online tutorial from Leicester University at the beginning of their PhD programme.51 When the focus is on chapters concerning the substance at the beginning of the second year, special attention is furthermore paid to this subject during the first introductory EDLE seminar and during individual chapter presentations in the weekly EDLE seminar series.
In accordance with the renewed EUR Doctoral Regulations, EGSL and EDLE started conducting reference checks from September 2015. The reference check is to be conducted just before a final draft is to be sent to the ESL doctoral committee. Currently, a majority of PhD researchers writes a thesis in the form of a monograph. An increasing number of PhD researchers, however, is interested in obtaining a doctorate based on articles. In doing so, PhD researchers build a portfolio of publications and become familiar
with peer review and the requirements for getting an article published. Although the EUR doctoral regulations provide criteria for obtaining a doctorate based on articles, ESL wants to have more detailed guidelines that apply to law and criminology. Such guidelines would have to deal with issues such as, for example, how to deal with situations in which a supervisor (or
49 http://www.eur.nl/fileadmin/ASSETS/ieb/integriteit/24708_integriteitsspel_interactief_2016.pdf 50 http://www.eur.nl/english/eur/publications/integrity 51 https://connect.le.ac.uk/plagiarismlaw
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 45 co-promotor) is a co-author to one or more articles. These guidelines have to take into account the common denominator of the various disciplines, research practices, and related publication cultures that exist within ESL. To determine the desired common denominator, a green paper is to be submitted to representative researchers, and its implementation is to be expected in January 2017.
With regard to raw and processed data storage, research data management is in principle organised and facilitated by the University Library.
4.2. Reflection on results
Although this subject is dealt with in chapter 6, which contains a SWOT analysis, it is worth reflecting on the results set out above in a more abstract manner. Doing so involves ascertaining whether the instruments applied by ESL in the period under review were effective in achieving the desired strategic priorities and, moreover, whether these achievements can be deemed to have enhanced ESL’s research profile.
In the period under review, ESL took decisive steps in giving shape to its research mission. Narrative 1 provides testimonials to the way in which ESL’s profile increasingly emerges as the common thread in all its research programmes and projects. The research programmes share, albeit to verifying degrees, three starting points. First, all programmes depart from the assumption that law is being shaped and is shaping the socio-economic context. Second, they take into account that a nation state cannot automatically be considered the ultimate regulatory actor. The awareness of norm plurality and polycentricity is shared by all research groups. Third, methodological pluralism became a hallmark of a considerable part of research conducted at ESL. In doing so, it recognises that studying law in its socio-economic context implies that legal positivist methodology does not always suffice for understanding law. These common denominators of ESL’s research profile are also reflected in the key publications.52
The active shaping and participation of ESL research groups in the Erasmus University Research Excellence Initiative and the substantial financial matching by ESL of all funding received through this initiative played a crucial role in creating critical mass to further shape ESL’s research profile. These initiatives also facilitated the emergence of a research environment at ESL that is characterised by its openness towards research cooperation – not only across disciplines, but also across faculties – as well as by its non-bureaucratic support for grassroot entrepreneurship in research. With regard to the latter, it was instrumental for ESL to invest structurally in talented researchers and promising research proposals that strengthened the ESL profile through its Programme for Talent Management and its successor, the ESL Innovation Programme.
As the above-mentioned pluralist ambitions of ESL show, it is not its ambition to discard traditional legal research. However, interdisciplinarity and relevance for business are goals that ESL aspires to as its mission statement indicates. Despite these promising results achieved in building a distinct research profile in the period under review, it also has to be recognised that the extent to which research groups can engage with these goals varies; some groups clearly take the lead in interdisciplinary research methods. The narratives showcase research groups such as BACT, RRL, INFAR, MSS and EURO-CEFG as front runners in this respect. Moreover, LM, FA, and also BACT, are particularly instrumental in putting into practice ESL’s motto ‘Where law meets business’.
52 See part C of this report
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 46 This variety between the various research programmes is also noticeable in their research output (see Appendix 2b). A constantly large output of international academic publications may be a considered crucial to achieving ESL’s research objectives. As shown by Figures 3a and 3b in chapter 4.1.2., at ESL two of the five research programmes may be regarded not only leading in terms of the ratio of academic to professional publications and the ratio of international to Dutch language publications, but also in terms of increasing these ratios more or less steadily. The foregoing does not say, as pointed out in chapter 4.1.2, that the output by the other three research programmes is considered of a lesser quality or relevance. Accordingly, the variety in output profiles of different research groups is not regarded as contradictory to ESL’s declared ambition to publish in leading international refereed academic journals and to be present in the international academic debate. Actually, it reflects different dissemination strategies for their research output based on content and aim, as described in narrative 2. As such, it constitutes an asset.
Whereas all these developments also contributed to creating an attractive research environment, particular attention was paid in this regard to the supervision of the next generation of researchers. Several factors were instrumental in creating an international environment for young researchers in which the reflection on methodology in relation to PhD research projects and an exchange of ideas takes centre stage. These factors were the establishment of EGSL and with it the introduction of a centralised open selection procedure, the development of an extensive training curriculum with a strong methodological foundation, as well as the introduction of a coherent monitoring system. The strong focus on the quality of research proposals in substantive and methodological terms and the quality of the candidates did not only raise the level of awareness of the importance of these criteria among the senior research staff at ESL, but also contributed to the strengthening of ESL’s research profile.
In the period under review, EGSL took concrete measures to better integrate the considerable group of external PhD researchers into the PhD training and monitoring cycle. However, this turned out to be more challenging in practice than originally anticipated, which is largely due to the fact that many of these researchers have an occupation in addition to their PhD research, thus limiting their availability for training and other academic activities organised by EGSL, as well as complicating their progress monitoring. The experience so far suggests that their full integration into the EGSL system is practically unattainable. It also suggests that, as a consequence, the enforcement of any policy directed at such integration is likely to result in a gradual disappearance of this category of PhD researchers. For the time being, ESL considers such a development undesirable as this group of PhD researchers may have an added value for their contacts with stakeholders outside academia, as well as potentially contributing to the next generation of scholars in academia. Besides, their presence adds directly to the valorisation of ESL’s research results by society. Moreover, they have shown to also be able to produce high-quality research output. In order to develop a structural solution to this problem, consultation with faculty members is required. In the meanwhile, tailor-made individual PhD programmes are developed for external PhD researchers.
In achieving its strategic objectives, ESL can rely on a robust direct funding stream in the years to come, part of which will continue to be channelled through competitive research funding schemes at the university level. With regard to the latter, ESL was very successful in shaping the REI research agenda as well as in securing funding from it in large amounts in the period under review. In initiating a process that eventually has to lead to a more balanced revenue mix, ESL took measures to increase the amount of external funding. While the total amount of external funding can certainly still be increased, the data for 2016 available at the time of writing of this report suggests a positive break from several trends. For the first time, the funding achieved in competition from external sources surpasses that secured from one-off
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 47 ad hoc funding by Erasmus University. Moreover, the number of awarded external grants surpasses that of rejected proposals. However, an ongoing concern is the expansion of academic staff with a competitive international track record and entrepreneurial skills who meet the conditions set in major external funding schemes, such as the European Research Council.
Finally, complementing ESL’s research profile, important measures were taken for organisationally embedding professionalism and integrity in research at ESL. The establishment of a permanent position of Officer Scientific Integrity, held by an authoritative senior ESL researcher, as well as the inclusion of this subject in EGSL’s training and monitoring cycle highlights ESL’s commitment in this regard.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 48 5. Strategic benchmark
5.1. Purpose statement
As part of the SWOT analysis, ESL conducted a concise qualitative benchmark study; the Faculty of Law of the University of Copenhagen was the benchmark faculty. Rather than to focus on comparing output in terms of productivity, such as types and numbers of publications, ESL reflected on what may be learned from the way in which this faculty deals with generic trade-offs in research strategy, policy and management, based on similarities and differences in their mission and objectives. The benchmark has thus been used as a kind of learning experience on how a comparable law faculty deals with potentially similar dilemmas in research strategy and policies. This approach to strategic benchmarking serves reflection and inspirational purposes and is thus not intended to make statements as a (potential) competitor or make value judgments about research strategies, policies and output of the Faculty of Law at the University of Copenhagen. ESL is very grateful that the Board of the Faculty of Law Copenhagen kindly agreed to participate in this study.
5.2. Faculty of Law University of Copenhagen as a comparable law faculty
The Faculty of Law at the University of Copenhagen is comparable, at least to a certain extent, in its research mission (stimulating an international and interdisciplinary approach in research), in size (‘span of control’), in its embedding multiple law disciplines, and putting emphasize on excellent PhD education. What is more, ESL and the Copenhagen Law School employ a considerable amount of part-time lecturers to operate the educational programmes. Identifying a law faculty which also serves a relative small national field and language area in Europe was another important criterion in ESL’s search for a suitable benchmark partner. The latter is an important factor in comparing strategies for internationalisation of research in relation to producing domestic output aimed at the legal profession and legislation.
Table 9: Comparison of staff and students numbers Faculty of Law University of Copenhagen and Erasmus School of Law 2015.
Academic staff and students Faculty of Law, University of Erasmus School of Law 2015 Copenhagen* Rotterdam Academic Staff 150 102 PhD researchers (employed) 60 46 Part-time lecturers 500 116 Students 5,000 4,237 * The numbers are approximate.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 49 5.3. Generic trade-offs in research strategy and policies
The study consisted of two phases: a preliminary study which compared mission and strategies as well as an identification of generic trade-offs, followed by a one-day working visit of a delegation of ESL53 to the Executive Board of the Faculty of Law at the University of Copenhagen54 in which the dilemmas identified below were discussed in an open manner and best practices were shared.
Research profile, outlets and researcher competencies • The importance and value of national-oriented research in relation to the ambition to publish in leading international refereed academic journals and to be present in the international academic debate. • Top-down programming in relation to stimulating bottom-up research groups. • Linking research to education; both faculties have a large number of part-time lecturers who are not embedded in research centres or programmes. How to ensure the link between research and education? • Towards performance-based incentivising of research? Flexible research and educational time? • Measuring and monitoring quality, visibility and impact in the absence of a bibliometric toolbox for the legal discipline.
Funding conditions for research • The demand for excellence in research by national and European funding agencies in relation to the necessity to have high-quality research that serves the legal profession and can be directly linked to legal educational programmes. • How to balance direct and private funding, and connect the private sector more closely to the faculty. How to increase charity funding for research? • How to balance fundamental research with exploiting commercial opportunities? How to balance contracted research as a viable source of external resource funding and maintain a focus on the mission of conducting academic research?
PhD training and supervision • How to keep a focus on an integrated PhD educational programme while at the same time reaping the benefits of a large number of external PhD researchers (who have no employee status). How to emphasize their value and integrate them effectively into the monitoring cycle and graduate programme? • Professional Doctorate Programme in addition to a fulltime PhD programme? • Success rate (four years’ PhD programme) in relation to employability.
Scientific integrity (during the discussions, this subject was integrated into the four strategic choices of both faculties) • Dealing with possible conflict of interest for example in dual appointments, contracted research, and participation in advisory committees in relation to increased importance of ‘valorisation’ activities.
53 Professor Fabian Amtenbrink (Vice Dean), Professor Sanne Taekema (Programme Director Rethinking The Rule of Law) and Annet van der Veen (Manager Research) of ESL. 54 Executive Board of Faculty of Law University of Copenhagen: Professor Jacob Graff Nielsen (Dean), Professor Palmer Olsen (Dean of Research) and Professor Stine Jorgensen (Associate Dean of Education).
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 50 5.4. Insights gained from the discussion
5.4.1. Research profile, outlets and researcher competencies Copenhagen made some important decisions to put its research on the map internationally. First, an organisational structure was chosen that is primarily directed at research and specific research groups. Departments, established in accordance with the boundaries between legal disciplines, were abolished whereas they presently exist at ESL. The Copenhagen Faculty of Law is currently structured into nine research centres and four centralised clusters based on its educational programmes (Bachelor, Master, Professional education and PhD education). Its educational budgets were also centralised. Funding for research centres is allocated on a competitive basis for a (extensional) period of five years. Proposals for new centre initiatives or the extension of an existing centre are assessed by an external committee. The assessment criteria include a plan (and track record) of the applicants on how to obtain external research funding, a (publication) plan on how to conduct research with international impact (this is also expected in more domestic-oriented disciplines), and their contribution to teaching. Applicants have to commit themselves to a clear-cut agreement on the deliverables. Research staff that is not affiliated to one of these centres has no access to research funding and facilities of the centres, but still has standard research time. As becomes clear from sections 2.1 and 2.2, ESL currently features a dual structure: it is organised both into departments and research programmes. With the focus of ESL on building a strong research profile, the function of departments as its primary organisational structure has become a topic of discussion at ESL as the role of research programmes in selecting and managing research staff comes second in this structure. The ESL delegation was therefore very interested in the choice made at Copenhagen and its experience with using research as the organisational point of departure. Inversely, Copenhagen was very interested in ESL’s strategic approach to building an overarching research profile that is not primarily aimed at defining research subjects, but at engaging all researchers in one single approach to studying law.
Copenhagen also applies a stringent recruitment and career policy, directed at a larger international intake and larger number of fulltime academic staff. In order to become senior staff (at the professorial level), one has to publish internationally and submit research proposals. Research performance is assessed at the central (faculty) level. At the same time, Copenhagen does not conduct periodical performance reviews based on minimum output norms as does ESL with the ‘Sanders’ Qualification. Copenhagen uses a national system, which is linked to a broader Scandinavian system, as a bibliometric indicator.55 In this nationwide system, points are awarded to a selection of (international and domestic) journals. Direct funding is partly based on the number of points earned with publications in such journals; publication strategy is aimed at journals included in this list. It is very questionable whether there will be a national journal list for legal science in the Netherlands. Even in Denmark, the journal list is a frequent subject of discussion because of different publication cultures and the way in which a relatively small committee decides on what journals are added or removed from this list. These considerations strengthen ESL in its believe that a more generic system to measure outstanding performance, which can build on a broader consensus among researchers, may be a viable alternative. On the higher inter-institutional level, ESL needs to participate in consensus building on recognised standards of scientific output.
Ensuring a sufficiently broad basis of fulltime professors to, inter alia, distribute the many managerial tasks somewhat evenly is also an important consideration for ESL, which has a
55 Danish Bibliometric Research Indicator (BFI): http://www.phdontrack.net/evaluation-and- ranking/bibliometric-funding-denmark
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 51 considerable number of part-time appointments at the professorial level. In this context, it also cannot be ignored that when appointing a part-time candidate who also works in actual practice, a professorial title also has commercial value. The ESL delegation took note of Copenhagen’s policy to essentially appoint only fulltime professors, primarily to guarantee sufficient strength for their academy. At the same time, it was acknowlegded that it may be very challenging for some areas of law to find well-qualified fulltime staff.
Both in Copenhagen and Rotterdam, academic staff is supplemented with a large number of part-time lecturers to operate educational programmes. Copenhagen chose to appoint practioners to introduce practice-based knowledge into its educational programmes and to introduce students into their professional networks. Doing so results in low unemployment rate among Copenhagen Law School alumni as was put forward by Copenhagen Law School. ESL opted for offering a select group of recent law graduates a part-time lecturer position. Because of its dedicated training and monitoring programme, ESL can ensure the academic quality of teaching by this group and, to be specific, that learning content reflects the state of the art in research. However, a point for consideration in both systems is securing the link between research and education as these two groups of lecturers do not necessarily have a (extensive) track record in research and are not embedded in research programmes or centres. Copenhagen applies an interesting approach in order to pursue their aim of research-based education. This approach consists of appointing a course director to each research centre who has the task to disseminate research (results) in the educational programmes.
5.4.2. Funding conditions for research Copenhagen has a comparable structure of excellence funding at the University level. Researchers of that faculty participate in 8 of the 18 excellence projects of the University of Copenhagen.56 In both faculties, such funding is instrumental in building international, interdisciplinary research teams. Copenhagen is improving general knowledge about external funding and creating a clear incentive structure while focusing on researchers and research groups which are most likely to attract external funding. This change is beginning to show effect since the general level of external funding is increasing, also shown in their Status Report towards 2016. It reported that the faculty doubled its amount in the period 2010-2015.57 From the discussions on the success rate of research proposals, however, it emerged that both faculties observe a wide fluctuation in the size of funding approvals despite intensive grant support, financial incentives, and investment in researcher competencies. Due to increased competition in obtaining prestigious grants, both faculties aim at setting targets on efforts rather than on hard results. ESL was particularly interested in Copenhagen’s policy which links sabbaticals to performance in obtaining external resources: laureates of a large grant or other significant external funding have a right to be temporarily relieved from educational duties as a kind of research sabbatical. ESL is also contemplating a system in which academic staff may work for a longer period on research as part of a new system to incentivise research performance. Finally, Copenhagen was interested in ESL’s ‘fourth’ flow of funding: endowed chairs (including PhD positions) funded by external parties as a way of bringing in practical knowledge from the public and private sector.58 As is explained in chapter 2, the amount of this funding, which is not visible in the financial flows of ESL, ranges between 300,000 euros and 600,000 euros annually.
56 http://research.ku.dk/strengths/excellence-programmes 57 http://jura.ku.dk/pdf/om_fakultetet/strategic-status-towards-2016.pdf 58 See Appendix 1d.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 52 5.4.3. PhD training and supervision ESL has a relatively large number of external PhD researchers, who are neither employed nor have a stipend. Although this group of PhD researchers has been increasingly embedded in the Erasmus Graduate School of Law training and monitoring system in recent years, exceptions and tailor-made agreements in their Training and Supervision Plans still apply. Moreover, such external PhD projects are traditionally initiated directly by an ESL supervisor and external candidate, and they therefore fall outside the extensive selection criteria and procedures applied by EGSL. Besides, the ‘business case’, which is the cost-effectiveness of such external PhD projects, needs to be addressed. Doing so becomes even more necessary, when the national system – pursuant to which the government pays a bonus for every PhD project that is successfully completed [promotie premie] – will be abolished in the medium to long term as is currently projected. Copenhagen has a smaller number of external PhD researchers than ESL. In addition it only accepts ‘fee-paying enrolled’ PhD researchers who are admitted on the basis of the quality of their research proposal and CV, assessed by an internal jury. Once accepted, they follow a full educational programme (which is comparable with ESL’s PhD programmes). Copenhagen will waiver the fee – or part thereof – and/or these PhD researchers may follow a customized programme, both only in special circumstances.
Another interesting point in the discussion on PhD research was Copenhagen’s policy on the international recruitment of PhD researchers as part of their broader internationalisation policy. Half of their PhD researchers is internationally recruited, and 75% of their PhD researchers has a research stay abroad during their PhD programme. Table 4 in chapter 4 shows that also the majority of the intake of ESL’s PhD researchers are non-Dutch. However, the non-Dutch intake predominantly concentrated in the EDLE programme. This suggests that in the open competition for PhD positions at EGSL mostly ‘home-grown’ talents are successful, which may be due to the fact that applicants are required to have a sponsor for their project at ESL.
The PhD success rates of both faculties may be considered similar. No exact numbers were shared, and both faculties indicated that comparing numbers about three year (Copenhagen) or four year (ESL) success rates, as prescribed by SEP, is in fact meaningless due to the different nominal terms for different types of PhDs, additional activities employed in the context of employability, and because of delay in setting a date for the thesis defence ceremony. However, in setting up their respective graduate schools, both faculties believe that an intensive monitoring of PhD researchers is a prerequisite for timely completion.
5.4.4. Summary The benchmark study provided both faculties with an opportunity to informally explore how to deal with dilemmas, and to take note of each other’s best practices. As such, the exercise was very valuable for ESL even beyond the scope of this research assessment. The insights were also used by ESL in conducting a SWOT analysis of its research faculty policy (see chapter 6). In preparing the SWOT, ESL summarised most notable achievements of both faculties in their strategies and research policy.
Faculty of Law, University of Copenhagen: • Clear-cut strategy to organise the faculty into research centres and centralised educational programmes, instead of disciplinary departments (in order to reach interdisciplinary cooperation); • Internationalisation and funding targets in research, also for domestic research fields; • Vision and implementation plan on reaching a more research-based education; • Clear choice in recruiment and career policy to have a large number of fulltime professors, despite recruitment problems in certain areas; • Possibility of a buy-out for a sabbatical, based on obtained resources; • Fee paying PhD researchers as an alternative for a separate track for a Professional Doctorate.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 53 Erasmus School of Law, Erasmus University Rotterdam: • Implementing an overarching research profile; • Minimum standards for individual research performance (‘Sanders Qualification”), biannual assessment; • Debate on performance-based individual incentivising of research, including valorisation activities; • Dedicated training and monitoring programme for part-time lecturers ensuring that learning content reflects the state of the art in research; • Endowed chairs externally paid for as a way to further connect public and private sector to ESL; • Teaching load for PhD students only as part of their research and employability (‘explain or comply’).
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 54 6. SWOT
Following the approach taken troughout this self-assessment, the overview set out below reflects upon the strength and weaknesses as well as the opportunities and threats that may be associated with ESL’s mission, and the objectives and strategic choices made by ESL. The SWOT analysis presented hereinafter is in line with the VSNU SEP 2015-2021 requirements. As such it deviates somewhat from the SWOT analysis that ESL made in the context of the 2012 Midterm Self Assessment, which did not limit the categories of Strength and Weaknesses to the ‘internal organisation’ and the categories of Opportunties and Threats to ‘external context’.59
STRENGHTS (internal organisation) WEAKNESSES (internal organisation) • Increased multidisciplinary composition of ESL staff and a • Alignment and mutual reinforcement of interdisciplinary growing number of multidisciplinary research teams and international research and practice oriented national output. research. • Earned reputation as ‘Law and … research’ in the • Standards to identify and incentivise outstanding Netherlands.60 performance in research. • Strong business profile (e.g., commercial law and company • Size of group of academic staff with competitive international law, maritime law and transport law, financial markets track record and entrepreneurial skills to build new regulation, insurance law, intellectual property law, arbitration international research consortia needs to expand. law, tax law, law and economics). • Size of group of senior academic staff with substantial • Shared ambition of (research) management and staff to appointment necessary to achieve long term ambitions of leverage performance in research in line with ESL profile. ESL is relative small • Minimum academic output standards (‘Sanders Qualification’) • External PhD researchers not fully integrated into EGSL • Strong selection, training and monitoring system in EGSL and training and monitoring cycle. EDLE. • Further inclusion of research profile in the educational • Attractive research environment for PhD researchers (EGSL programmes. and EDLE). • Increasing number of external grant applications and awards (major grants in 2016: NWO-Vidi, Marie Curie ITN, and Erasmus+). OPPORTUNITIES (external context) THREATS (external context) Further building of international, interdisciplinary research • Decrease in direct research funding due to demographic consortia: developments and changing government policy (including • EU: Increased interest in behavioural perspective on the bonus for completed PhD projects). function of law in (upcoming) H2020 calls and EU tenders. • High competition – relative low success rate in obtaining Also the Erasmus + /Strategic partnership programme offers external grants (NWO/EU). funding opportunties for research-based educational • Recruitment of excellent academic senior staff in specific initiatives. disciplines, with substantial appointment. • National: funding opportunities and engaging in setting the societal agenda via the National Research Agenda (NWA), in particular via “Resilient and Meaningful Societies” and “Digital Society”.
• EUR: Recent collaboration of ESL with Rotterdam School of Management (RSM) and Faculty of Philosophy in Inclusive
Growth Initiative (EUR Excellence Funding).
Further prioritising research in the organisational structure of ESL (see example of Copenhagen Faculty of Law).
Developing a business model for fee paying PhD researchers.
59 VSNU, Standard Evaluation Protocol 2015-2021, p. 30. 60 Van Boom & Van Gestel, NJB 2015.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 55 7. 2016 onwards
As evidenced by chapter 4, ESL developed many initiatives to pursue its mission and objectives in research. What it initiated amounts to a fundamental shift from a law school which research foci somewhat generically related to several or all areas of law and more or less implicitly considered traditional legal research methods as the main modus operandi, towards an academic institution with well-defined strategic research priorities that are directed at a distinct research profile both in substantive and methodological terms. While decisive steps were taken that allow to identify the contours of the envisaged ESL research profile, some of the measures implemented in the period under review have yet to reach their full potential. Moreover, additional steps have to be made in the months and years to come to further facilitate this shift. ESL is thus in transition: not only is it establishing a unique legal educational system, but also in presenting ESL in the field of legal research in line with its roots and the DNA of Erasmus University Rotterdam.
Three main areas for action are to be addressed in the period up to the next midterm evaluation. These areas are directly linked to the strategic objectives identified in chapter 3.2, and elaborate on the strategic priorities identified in chapter 3.3. Those three areas are briefly discussed below:
• Investing in research talent, innovative research and research groups ESL will continue to invest in the development of research talent mainly, but not exclusively, at the level of PhD and postdoctorate. Nurturing own research talent early on, as well as attracting new academic staff with competitive international track record and entrepreneurial skills, is considered key in creating an attractive research environment and, at the same time, in being successful in securing external research funding on a competitive basis. In addition to ESL’s financial commitment to the continuation of the Innovation Fund and the dynamic funding of research programmes, this also calls for the matching of future research projects funded externally with those funded by the Erasmus University to further enhance ESL’s research profile. At the European level, an increased focus on the behavioural perspective of the function of law in the H2020 research funding scheme offers opportunities that ESL has to grasp, and several research groups are making concrete plans in this regard. At the national level, the setting of the research agenda via the National Research Agenda (NWA) – something ESL researchers are already involved in – may create openings that have to be pursued actively including, for example, a focus on ‘Resilient and Meaningful Societies’ and ‘Digital Society’ in the coming years.61 At the same time, funding opportunities that arise at the level of the Erasmus University must be pursued. One such opportunity that is to come from 2017 onwards is the Erasmus University initiative to create three EUR Initiatives: ‘Healthy People & Healthy Systems’, ‘Vital Cities & Vital Citizens’ and ‘Inclusive Growth & Prosperity’. In 2016, Erasmus School of Law has taken the lead, together with the Rotterdam School of Management and the Faculty of Philosophy, in developing the EUR Initiative ‘Inclusive Growth & Prosperity’. This subject is closely linked to ESL’s research profile both in substantive and – given the aim to establish interdisciplinary research groups – in methodological terms.
61 http://www.wetenschapsagenda.nl/?lang=en
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 56 • Introducing a performance measuring system At the time of writing of this report, the development of an indicator toolbox for research quality and relevance that may feature in a system to identify and incentivise outstanding performers relative to their peers reached the stage of being tested as a concept. This mainly amounts to examining whether this model is sufficiently robust and feasible. Simultaneously, the actual incentives have to be decided upon. One option to reward outstanding performance currently under review is to offer extra research time and/or research resources to those researchers who are outstanding performers relative to their peers. It is envisaged that this policy will be phased in gradually, thus allowing academic staff to prepare for the new system (as mentioned in chapter 4.1.2). Inspiration can be sought here from the approach taken by the Copenhagen Faculty of Law, which has a policy of linking (research) sabbaticals to performance in obtaining external funding.
• Reconsidering the status of external PhD researchers As established in chapter 4.2, the full integration of external PhD researchers into the EGSL training and monitoring cycle of the current system turned out to be unmanageable. This is mainly due to their other occupations outside academia. However, the question is whether such practical difficulties in the long term may justify a separate trajectory for this group within EGSL. This calls for a broader debate among senior research staff about selection, training and monitoring of external PhD researchers, and more generally about what business model ESL wants to pursue in this regard. The approach to fee paying external PhD research taken at the Copenhagen Law School, referred to in chapter 5, may provide important input in this regard. In any event, development of a commercial PhD research programme may be a viable alternative, or otherwise an addition to the cooperation with foreign funding organisations. Two current examples of the latter are PhD researchers being financed by the Chinese Scholarship Council, and a pilot cooperation project with the Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 57
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 58 Part B Narratives
Research@ESL: studying law in its social and economic context in an interdisciplinary setting
Part A of the self-assessment, Section 3.3.1. (Establishing a distinct research profile for ESL), describes how ESL aims at a distinct research profile, both in substantive and in methodological terms, by focusing on the study of law in an economic and social context, and in doing so, increasingly involving other disciplines. With regard to the latter, engaging with interdisciplinarity in its different shapes has been stimulated with the aim to enrich traditional legal research and broaden its scope of application.
Research conducted on the behaviour of individuals and organisations in the context of contracts and torts showcases ESL research profile and the study of law in its economic context in particular. The ESL research programme Behavioural Approaches to Contract and Tort (BACT) started off as a programme, which makes use of insights from behavioural sciences, that aimed at analysing specific areas of private law that affect contracts and torts. Surely, part of the research conducted under the programme concerns doctrinal analysis of private law.62 In this type of research, economic context plays a relatively modest role as its main goal is to contribute to a further professionalisation of practicing private law. Since its inception, the primary focus of the programme has however always been on an interdisciplinary study of private law. A first starting point for interdisciplinary analysis is that the design of private law is based on a number of presumptions about the behaviour of individuals and organisations in regulating the contracting process and by imposing liability in tort. It has led to an area of empirical research assessing the tenability of the aforementioned presumptions that are either engrained in the design of private laws or influence the behaviour of decision-makers. Central research questions for this type of research are therefore: in what way do the actual needs, expectations, decisions and behaviour of the actors involved correspond with the presumptions that support the policy instruments, and if they do not correspond, what are the consequences for the outcome of decisions, dispute resolution, and the satisfaction with the judicial process? These questions have been directed for example at judicial decision- making, financial and relational needs of litigants, apologies, and forgiveness.63
62 Hebly, Van der Zalm & Engelhart (2015) Wetsvoorstel schadevergoeding zorg- en affectieschade: verbetering van de positie van slachtoffers en naasten. Ars Aequi, 2, 93-105; Kramer & Verhagen (2015) Mr. C. Assers handleiding tot de beoefening van het Nederlands Burgerlijk recht, 10. Internationaal privaatrecht. Deel III Internationaal vermogensrecht. Deventer: Kluwer; Lindenbergh & Van der Zalm (2015) Schadevergoeding: personenschade, Monografieën BW B-37. Deventer: Kluwer. 63 Rachlinski, J.J., Wistrich, A.J. & Guthrie, C. (2015). Can Judges Make Reliable Numeric Judgements? Distorted Damages and Skewed Sentences. Indiana Law Journal, 90 (2), 695-739; Wistrich, A.J.; Rachlinski, J.J. & Guthrie, C. (2015). Heart Versus Head: Do judges Follow the Law or Follow Their Feelings? Texas Law Review, 93 (855), 856-923; Haesevoets, Van Hiel, Reinders Folmer & De Cremer (2014) What Money Can’t Buy: The Psychology of Financial Overcompensation. Journal of Economic Psychology, 42, 83-95; Lindenbergh, S.D. & Mascini, P. (2013). Schurende dilemma's in het aansprakelijkheidsrecht: De spanning tussen financiële en relationele compensatie. In W.H. van Boom, I. Giessen & A.J. Verweij (Eds.), Capita civilologie: Handboek empirie en privaatrecht (Civilology Series) (pp. 437-457). Den Haag: Boom Juridische Uitgevers; Desmet & Leunissen (2014) How many pennies for your
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 61 These studies can be subsumed under the heading of civilology: a new term for the empirical study of private law which was introduced by the editors of two volumes, one of whom was co-leading the programme at the time.64 A second starting point for interdisciplinary legal research on private law concerns the use of theoretical assumptions when developing human behavioural models that are used in order to predict how parties will behave in contract and tort settings. These studies are primarily undertaken from a law and economic perspective.65 Yet, from the outset the research programme was not limited to what, in legal terms, would be narrowly defined as contract law or tort law. Instead, researchers analysed the effects of legal rules on the behaviour of people, and covered a variety of market failures such as information asymmetries and externalities to which contract and tort aim to provide an answer. Along the way, it became clear that there are often answers to the various market failures for which legal rules aim to provide remedies that are different from those offered by traditional contract law or tort. Hence, it was a logical broadening of the research programme to equally examine alternatives for the tort system, such as (self-)regulation and market-based instruments, and to further analyse the interrelationship between public and private law as well as the hybridisation between those domains.66 This broader approach also resulted in a study of more fundamental questions related to the internalisation of externalities, such as collective action problems, cooperation and competition, and the creation of public goods and bads.67 The scope of research within BACT has thus always been broader than contract and tort, and even broader than mere private law. As a consequence, the central research question of the programme is in fact a question about what type of instrument is to be used to deal with what particular problem and, perhaps even more importantly, how different instruments can be
pain? Willingness to compensate as a function of expected future interaction and intentionality feedback. Journal of Economic Psychology, 43, 105-113. 64 W.H. van Boom, I. Giessen & A.J. Verweij (Eds.), Capita civilologie: Handboek empirie en privaatrecht (Civilology Series) (pp. 437-457). Den Haag: Boom Juridische Uitgevers; W.H. van Boom, I. Giesen & A.J. Verheij (Eds.), Gedrag en privaatrecht, Over gedragspresumpties en gedragseffecten bij privaatrechtelijke leerstukken (Boom Masterreeks) (pp. 283-301). Den Haag: Boom Juridische Uitgevers. 65 Bergh, R.J. Van den (2013). Behavioral Antitrust: Not Ready for the Main Stage. Journal of competition law & economics, 203-229; Faure, M.G. & Visscher, L.T. (2015). Een rechtseconomische visie op collectieve actie. In Collectieve acties. Preadviezen Nederlandse Vereniging voor Burgerlijk Recht 2015 (pp. 7-64). Zutphen: Paris; Enriques, L., Gilson, R.J. & Pacces, A.M. (2014). The Case for an Unbiased Takeover Law (with an Application to the European Union). Harvard Business Law Review, 4(1), 85-127; Visscher, L.T. (2015). Debated Damages (Erasmus Law Lectures, 39). The Hague: Eleven international publishing; Pacces, A.M. & Romano, A. (2015). A Strict Liability Regime for Credit Rating Agencies. American Business Law Journal, 54 (4), 673-720. 66 Faure, M.G. & Heine, K. (2014). Insurance as a Remedy against Financial Crisis. Dovenschmidt Quaterly, 2014(1), 35-41; Baumann, F., & Heine K. (2013), Innovation, Tort Law, and Competition, Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 169(4), p. 703-719; Oded (2012) Inducing Corporate Proactive Compliance: Liability Controls & Corporate Monitors (cum laude thesis) (ESL Elly Rood Dissertation Award); Faure & Xu (2013) Economics and Regulation in China. London & New York: Routledge; Mascini, P. (2013). Why was the enforcement pyramid so influential? And what price was paid? Regulation & Governance, 7 (1), 48-60; Scheltema, M. The need for an integrated comparison of the effectiveness of international sustainable forestry, coffee and cocoa initiatives. Recht der werkelijkheid, 35(3): 54-78: 134- 157; Mascini, P. & Van Erp Regulatory governance: experimenting with new roles and instruments. Recht der werkelijkheid, 35(3): 3-11; Liu, J. The Government’s Roles in Transnational Forest Governance. Recht der Werkelijkheid, 35(3), 2015. 67 Engel, C. & Reuben, A. (2015) The People’s Hired Guns? Experimentally Testing the Motivating Force of a Legal Frame, in: International Review of Law and Economics 43 (2015) 67-82; Engel, C. & Nagin, D. (2015). Who is Afraid of the Stick? Experimentally Testing the Deterrent Effect of Sanction Certainty. Review of Behavioral Economics; Engel, C. (2015). Scientific Disintegrity as a Public Bad. Perspectives on Psychological Science 10, 361-379; Buskens & Raub (2013) Rational Choice Social Research on Social Dilemmas: embeddedness effects on trust. p. 113-150 in Wittek, Snijders, Nee (eds.) Handbook of Rational Choice Social Research. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press; Raub, Buskens, Frey (2013). The Rationality of Social Structure: Cooperation in Social Dilemmas through Investments in and Returns on Social Capital. Social Networks 35, p. 720-732; Fabbri (2014) Social welfare and behavioral public policies (thesis with cum laude distinction). Elly Rood dissertation award.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 62 used in order to provide a ‘smart’ combination. The broadening of the programme beyond contract and tort has de facto led to a separate pillar to the research programme: the study of the relationship between private and public law. This is reflected, inter alia, in research concerning the so-called hybridisation of private and public law, which manifests itself in many different ways. Several of the research grants awarded to BACT explicitly focused on the study of such hybrid governance networks of public and private law. For instance, the project Smart Mixes in Relation to Transboundary Harm (2014-2016) raises the question of how international law, domestic law and the broader set of private governance instruments interact in practice. The purpose of this project is to analyse these interactions with a view to furthering practical insights and formulating policy advices on instrument design, more specifically on the existence of optimal combinations of instruments or, in other words, ‘smart instrument mixes’. In the context of this project, two international workshops and one international conference were organised.68 Another example concerns the project Shifting from Welfare to Social Investment States (2015-2019) which goal it is to critically assess whether or not the expectations of legislators of many European states in relation to changes in the social security systems have been met. These changes pertain to reduced state intervention and more market-based responsibilisation of actors, and it implies that private actors (i.e. employers and employees) take heavy responsibility for the control of work-related risks (i.e. the risk of dropping out of work because of unemployment, disability, or sickness) and no longer fall back on the state as prime or ultimate caretaker. The overall goal of this programme is to analyse from a multidisciplinary, international comparative perspective the alleged shift in the allocation of responsibilities from public to private actors as far as the control of work-related risks is concerned and to derive policy implications from these insights that may facilitate employees to better strengthen their labour market position. Both projects show that this interest in smart instrument mixes has become a more general issue, and BACT examines this more broadly as it focuses on the question of what particular instrument (market-based, liability rules, regulatory or criminal?) may be best suited to reach particular policy goals.
In sum, the BACT programme studies how individual and/or group behaviour is affected by legal rules pertaining to contract and tort as well as by mixes of public and private legal instruments, and how legal rules incorporate insights obtained from behavioural sciences. This is done either by empirically testing the tenability of presumptions of human behaviour that underlie legal instruments or by using theoretical assumptions on human behaviour in order to predict how parties behave in legal settings.
The research group BACT may be considered one of the frontrunners in shaping the interdisciplinary research profile of ESL as it distinctly considers a multidisciplinary methodological approach to the study of the interplay between law and society, or studies law as such as compulsory. Its characteristics are a multi-disciplinary and pragmatic approach to the choice of methods. Choosing the appropriate method depends on the specific subject matter and research question in light of the different approaches included in BACT. Interpretative legal research is used mainly to carefully analyse reasons for the legislator’s choice for particular policy instruments. Law and economics provide powerful tools that allow an analysis of how different legal rules affect incentives of individuals and/or groups.
68 Workshop Smart Mixes in relation to Forest and Climate Change Governance, 4-5 February 2015, Amsterdam. Workshop: Smart Mixes in relation to Fishery and Oil Pollution Governance, 7-8 October 2015, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam; Conference Smart Mixes in Relation to Transboundary Environmental Harm, Rotterdam, 15 April 2016. All three events were jointly organised by the University of Amsterdam (Amsterdam Center of International Law) and Erasmus University Rotterdam (BACT, RILE), sponsored by KNAW, and organised under the auspices of the project “Smart Mixes in relation to Transboundary Environmental Harm”. Moreover, an edited volume and a monograph by Liu, Faure & Mascini entitled “Smart mixes in governing common pool resources: forestry and fishery governance as examples” (Routledge) are in the pipeline.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 63 With respect to the variety of economic approaches possible, BACT keeps an open mind, which means that not only traditional approaches (often referred to as Chicago type law and economics) will continue to be included, but also game theory, public choice, new institutional economics and other approaches that may help in the execution of the BACT research agenda. An example of this broadening of the law and economics approach was the organisation of the conference 'Nudging and beyond: current applications and new perspectives on behavioural insights' on 7 and 8 November 2013. At this conference, Erasmus University Rotterdam awarded an honorary doctorate degree to Cass Sunstein, and a panel of international speakers discussed the relevance of behavioural insights for the designing of more effective policies. Psychological research carried out in the context of BACT is usually empirical rather than theoretical, and it supplies – particularly through a variety of different designs in laboratory experiments – insights into the effects of specific legal rules on the behaviour of individuals. In addition to laboratory experiments, empirical research (both psychological and economic) increasingly includes field surveys and natural field experiments that examine in different institutional settings, for example, the willingness of individuals to either pay honestly for public transport or to cheat.69 Socio-legal scholars within the BACT programme engage in analysing the effects of legal rules on behaviour with the help of a variety of qualitative and quantitative techniques, for example via surveys, stakeholder interviews, observations, content analysis, and other techniques. Studying regulators and other actors in their natural environment can provide context-specific understanding and predictions. Inherent in the programme’s multidisciplinary and pragmatic methodological approach is the acknowledgement that different methods may lead to different answers regarding the behavioural impact of particular legal instruments. The goal of BACT is obviously not to reconcile the irreconcilable. Instead, without mixing or watering down the separate methodologies, it is acknowledged that one problem may be approached with different methodologies, thus unavoidably providing different answers in some cases.70 The methodological approach also implies a strong collaboration between different researchers, who each come from their own background, but not necessarily a forced integration of those approaches, which may not have any added value.
The research programme Lex Mercatoria – Globalising Business Law in the 21st Century (LM) focuses on business law, embedded in the context of companies, commerce, markets and trade. This includes commercial and company law, maritime and transport law, financial markets regulation, insurance law, intellectual property law, arbitration, private law and civil procedure, and private international law. Key concepts in this programme are uniform law, European regulations, international treaties, corporate governance, corporate structure, litigation, cross-border litigation, corporate litigation, alternative dispute resolution, arbitration, transport, shipping, insurance, banking, intellectual property, financial markets, compliance, finance and insurance, logistics, information technology and economic development.
69 Fabbri, M. (2015). Shaping Tax Norms through Lotteries, International Review of Law and Economics, Vol. 44, p. 8-15; Desmet, P.T.M., Hoogervorst, N. & Dijke, M.H. van (2015). Prophets vs. profits: How market competition influences leaders disciplining behavior of ethical transgressions. The Leadership Quarterly. 26, 1034-1050. 70 While lawyer-economist Louis Visscher focuses, for example, on innovative ways of establishing financial redress in personal injury cases, social-psychologist Chris Reinders-Folmer et al. emphasize the importance of apologies to compensate for problems generated by a narrow focus on financial needs in personal injury cases and neglect of relational needs. Both approaches need not be incompatible, but they clearly show how different approaches may generate different policy recommendations. Visscher, L. (2015) Debated damages. Eleven International Publishing; Haesevoets, T., Reinders-Folmer, C, De Cremer, D., Van Hiel, A. (2013) Money isn’t all that matters: The use of financial compensation and apologies to preserve relationships in the aftermath of distributive harm, Journal of economic psychology 35(04): 95-107.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 64 ESL researchers in this programme study business law against the backdrop of its two primary functions in a globalising world: facilitation and regulation.71 Within the realm of its facilitating function, ESL researchers provide business actors with legal tools to engage in economic, potentially cross-border activities that aim to produce wealth, such as trademark protection72 and legal facets of social entrepreneurship.73 Within the scope of its regulatory function, ESL researchers contribute with legal tools to counter wealth-destroying conduct as well as protect justified interests of economic actors that are involved with these businesses such as shareholders/members, creditors, employees, contractual parties, directors, and sometimes even local business environments or society at large.74 Important factors in this respect are the right of inquiry, as well as the role of the Netherlands Enterprise Court at the Amsterdam Court of Appeal therein,75 and directors liability.76Like business itself, business law – and thus its two primary functions – is increasingly influenced and shaped by cross-border developments as it operates in an increasingly globalised world, underscoring - inter alia - the increasing importance of cross-border litigation and the cross-border enforcement of judgments77 and the role of international contracts as a tool that facilitates international commerce.78 Research conducted at ESL in this area aims to clarify the substance of and interaction between different aspects of business law against the backdrop of an increasingly globalised world. ESL’s location is ideal for such research because of its being embedded in Rotterdam’s setting which is the country’s main port of business, distribution, and the presence of related know-how. Its research in this area also seeks to identify and chart the unexplored parts of business law, and to find balanced solutions for the further development thereof, also with a robust historical basis.79 By further improving and balancing the primary functions of business
71 For an extensive analysis of the interplay between these functions from the perspective of company law, see, e.g., Assink, B.F. (2013). Compendium Ondernemingsrecht (Parts 1-3). Deventer: Kluwer (3041 pages). Also see Timmerman, L. (2010). Principles of prevailing Dutch company law. European Business Organization Law Review, 11 (4), 609-627. 72See, e.g., Cohen Jehoram, T., Nispen, C. van & Huydecoper, T. (2010). European Trademark Law: Community Trademark Law and Harmonized National Trademark Law. Deventer: Kluwer. 73 See e.g., Timmerman, L., Jongh, J.M. de & Schild, A.J.P. (2011). The Rise of the Social Enterprise: How Social Enterprises are Changing Company Law Worldwide. In S. Muller, S. Zouridis, M. Frishman & L. Kistemaker (Eds.), The law of the future and the future of the law (pp. 305-322). Oslo: TOAEP, Torkel Opsahl Academic Epublisher. 74 For example, in 2015, ESL organised a symposium on the interests of society at large in the takeover realm, which is typically dominated by concern for other stakeholder interests, specifically those of shareholders. 75 See, e.g., empirical research into the right of inquiry by Cools, K., Geerts, P.G.F.A., Kroeze, M.J. & Pijls, A.C.W. (2009). Het recht van enquête; een empirisch onderzoek. (External report, IVO-reeks, No. 65). Deventer: Kluwer. 76 For an analysis of directors liability from the angles of private law, criminal law and administrative law, see Assink, B.F., Bröring, H, Timmerman, L. & De Valk, S.N. (2011), Evolutie van het bestuurdersaansprakelijkheidsrecht (IvO-reeks, No. 76), Deventer: Kluwer. 77 See, e.g., Kramer, X.E. (2011). Cross-border Enforcement in the EU: Mutual Trust versus Fair Trial? Towards Principles of European Civil Procedure. International Journal of Procedural Law, 2011 (2), 202- 230. 78 See, e.g., the publication of a Spanish edition of the reports of the Groupe de Travail Contrats Internationaux (Fontaine, M. and De Ly, F., La redacción de contratos internacionales. Análisis de cláusulas, Madrid, Civitas Thomson Reuters, 2013, 720 pp.) See for the trend towards multimodal transport contracts in response to containerisation M.A.I.H. Hoeks, Multimodal transport law, The law applicable to the multimodal contract for the carriage of goods, diss. EUR, The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2010; and for the vital role played in international commerce by the bill of lading: H. Logmans, Zekerheid op lading, Pandrecht en retentierecht op roerende zaken en cognossement in het handelsverkeer, diss. EUR, Zutphen: Paris, 2011; M. Spanjaart, Vorderingsrechten uit cognossement, diss. EUR, Zutphen: Paris, 2012; R. Zwitser, De rol van het cognossement als waardepapier in het handelsverkeer, Zutphen: Paris, 2012. 79 See, e.g., Tervoort, A.J.S.M. (2013, October 17). Het bestuursverbod bij de commanditaire vennootschap. EUR (404 pag.) (Deventer: Kluwer) and Jongh, J.M de (2014, January 23). Tussen 'societas' en 'universitas'. De beursvennootschap en haar aandeelhouders in historisch perspectief. EUR (712 pag.) (Deventer: Kluwer). Both PhD-theses were awarded with the distinction cum laude. Also see Kroeze, M.J.,
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 65 law, a substantive contribution may be made to ensure the competitiveness of the Netherlands and Europe in the globalising society of the 21st century. Although they are clearly rooted in classical legal research, ESL researchers in the LM research programme are increasingly engaging in empirical research. For example, research in the area of company law - such as issues of decision making by corporate actors and of directors liability - embodies understanding and perspectives gained from social psychology, also acquired on the basis of data obtained through typical empirical research methods such as interviews.80 Other illustrations of this type of research are the analysis of contract clauses that are used in practice, conducted by the Groupe de Travail Contrats Internationaux (which consists of scholars, legal counsel and attorneys, and whose work is evidenced by the publication of a Spanish edition of the reports of the group),81 and the analysis of the composition of, functioning of and reporting by supervisory boards of listed companies.82 The research on evidenced-based ’Ex post evaluation of Regulation (EC) 392/2009 on the liability of carriers of passengers by sea in the event of accidents’, conducted by ESL researchers for the European Commission in collaboration with, inter alia, Ecorys is another very recent example.83 In addition, a group of researchers from ESL active in the areas of maritime law, insurance law, (European) tax law and international economic law, conducted, in collaboration with with Ecorys and Det Norkse Veritas/Germanischer Lloyd a multidisciplinary study into a financial instrument to facilitate safe and sound ship recycling at the request of the European Commission.84 In this project not only researchers from the LM programme participated, but from the Fiscal Autonomy and its boundaries (FA) programme as well.
The deep penetration of the ESL approach into the study of law in its economic as well as its social context is further evidenced in research conducted in the context of the Fiscal Autonomy and its boundaries (FA) programme. Taxation of multinationals is currently at the core of political and media debate. International and European regulation limits the national fiscal autonomy. Already before the discussion on (tax) Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) started and the Panama papers were published, one of the research questions of Fiscal Autonomy and its boundaries research programme had been focusing on International and European policy and fiscal autonomy. This is a perfect example of a field where law is shaped by its economic and social context. After the financial crisis, citizen-paid taxes were raised to
Beckman, H. & Verbrugh, M.A. (2015). Mr. C. Assers Handleiding tot beoefening van het Nederlands Burgerlijk Recht. 2. Rechtspersonenrecht. Deel 1. De Rechtspersoon. Deventer: Kluwer. 80 See, e.g., Kroeze, M.J. (2013). Sociale psychologie en besluitvorming in vennootschappen. In W.H. Van Boom, I. Giesen & A.J. Verheij (Eds.), Capita Civilologie. Handboek empirie en privaatrecht (Civilologie, 6) (pp. 865-906). Den Haag: Boom Juridische Uitgevers; Assink, B.F. (2013). Sociale psychologie en vernieuwing in het ondernemingsrecht - Over beoefening van het Nederlandse ondernemingsrecht, gedragingen van bestuurders van kapitaalvennootschappen en het betrekken van relevante inzichten uit de sociale psychologie: naar een vernieuwende, opener verbinding? In W.H. Van Boom, I. Giesen & A.J. Verheij (Eds.), Capita civilologie. Handboek empirie en privaatrecht (Civilologie, 6) (pp. 765-810). Den Haag: Boom Juridische uitgevers; T.P. Pham, Bange bestuurders? Een casestudie onder Nederlandse top- level bestuurders. In B.F. Assink, K.F. Haak, J.M. de Jongh, M.J. Kroeze, A.J.P. Schild (Eds.), De toekomst van het ondernemingsrecht (pp. 411-434). Deventer: Kluwer 2015. The latter publication is partially based on data obtained from 54 interviews with top-level executives; and Bootsma, A.A., Hijink, J.B.S. & Veld, L. in 't (2015). Multiple corporate citizenship. Over de meervoudige 'nationaliteit' van beursvennootschappen en wat dat betekent voor wet- en regelgevers. Ondernemingsrecht, 2015 (120), 611-624. 81 See Fontaine, M. and De Ly, F., La redacción de contratos internacionales. Análisis de cláusulas, Madrid, Civitas Thomson Reuters, 2013, 720 pp. 82 See Biesheuvel-Hoitinga, J. & Bootsma, A.A. (2012). De samenstelling en het functioneren van de raad van commissarissen in boekjaar 2011 alsmede het verslag van de raad van commissarissen. (Extern rapport). Rotterdam/Groningen: Instituut voor Ondernemingsrecht in opdracht van de Monitoring Commissie Corporate Governance Code. 83 As from December 2015. 84 The final report was published by the European Commission in June 2016, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/ships/pdf/financial_instrument_ship_recycling.pdf.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 66 fund deficits that were the result from the crisis (economic context). As a result, questions whether companies, more specifically multinationals, were paying their fair share of tax (a social context) surfaced which lead to policy projects that focused on BEPS. This research programme had already been dealing with similar questions, and consequently could easily take up these developments. This topic resulted in, amongst other publications, a special issue of the peer-reviewed Erasmus Law Review on Company Tax Integration in the European Union in 2014 and an EFS seminar on the same subject in 2013. Also in 2013, ESL researchers published several articles on the question whether priority exists between the fundamental TFEU freedoms that are frequently referred to by other authors.85 Yet, research conducted at ESL does not only take into account a business perspective, but also the perspective of developing countries (a social perspective). Within the scope of this subject, four PhD researchers are currently conducting research on how international organisations function with regard to tax legislation and how they account for their activities.86 Research is also conducted on fair share and fairness87 and the way in which EU law deals with hybrid entities.88 The latter also resulted in an international EFS seminar in 2015. The research project on hybrid entities started long before it was high on the policy agenda, and was finished when it was a policy topic both for the OECD and the EU in their anti-BEPS endeavours. The results of the academic research project could therefore be used immediately to reflect on these policy debates; both academics and policymakers (including a speaker from the OECD) participated in the EFS seminar mentioned before.
Societal challenges for tax research are however not limited to the international arena. ESL is the only Dutch law faculty that does research on local taxation. Local governments have been funding this research, which is conducted by the Erasmus Studiecentrum voor Belastingen van Lokale overheden (ESBL: www.esbl.nl), since 1992. In the Netherlands, local taxation has become a popular topic, especially after the 2015 advice of the Commission Rinnooy Kan to extend opportunities for municipalities to raise taxes. Furthermore, this research has an international dimension in particular because the Netherlands is regarded as a front runner in several fields, such as the valuation of real estate for tax purposes. This is why the ESBL has received visits from several policy makers from developing countries and foreign researchers.
Even closer to home, the close link of the Erasmus University with the port city of Rotterdam gives inspiration to research questions regarding maritime and transport tax law. This theme fits ESL given the close link of the university with the port of Rotterdam and existing research on maritime and transport law conducted in the LM programme at ESL. Besides, it gives
85 Wilde, M.F. de & Nijkeuter, E. (2013). FII 2 and the Applicable Freedoms of Movement in Third Country Situations. EC Tax Review, 22(5), 250-257) (48 downloads on SSRN). E. Nijkeuter en M.F. de Wilde (2013). 'Met de kennis van nu...' (deel I). Weekblad Fiscaal Recht, 142(6986), 138-144 en E. Nijkeuter en M.F. de Wilde (2013). 'Met de kennis van nu...' (deel II) Over FII 2, gewezen arresten en wat mogelijk nog volgt. Weekblad Fiscaal Recht, 142(6987), 185-197. 86 Uyanga Dorlig, Sophia Murillo, Sissie Gonzalez-Fung and Leo Neve. 87 For example, S.J.C. Hemels,‘Fairness: A Legal Principle in EU Tax Law?’ in: C. Brokelind, Principles of Law: Function, Status and Impact in EU Tax Law, IBFD Amsterdam 2014, p. 413-437; by the same author: ‘Fairness and Taxation in a Globalized World (February 26, 2015). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2570750, published in 2016, appeared in: Y. Nishiyama and Y Shiba (ed), Fair share of tax burdens of highly digitalized transactions. Report of the Joint Seminar 2015 in Tokyo, Meiji Gakuin University, Tokyo 2016, p. 118-139. This research was also presented at several Japanese universities in 2014 (Meiji Gakuin University, Faculty of Economics, Department of Business Administration; Kansai University, Faculty of Commerce; Kyoto University, Graduate School of Economics). 88 Stevens, A.J.A. & Fibbe, G.K. (2014). Hybrid Entities and the EU Direct Tax Directives (Eucotax). The Hague: Wolters Kluwer.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 67 ample opportunity for joint research not only within the EUR, but also with universities in other (port) cities, for example a project has started in which, amongst others, the University of Vigo (Spain) participates.
In addition, research questions in the field of fiscal autonomy in relation to art, culture and philanthropy are closely related to changes in societies and globalisation.89 The civil society is becoming more and more important, and governments can support civil society through tax incentives. Furthermore, both donations and artists are also crossing borders as a result of the world becoming more globalised, which gives rise to questions such as whether tax incentives for charitable giving should cross borders as well and where artists should be taxed. In Europe, these questions are also tightly related to the fundamental freedoms.
While tax law is also largely studied with the help of classical legal research methods, researchers increasingly engage in empirical research, notably in the shape of research surveys90 and interviews.91 Furthermore, a combination of doctrinal legal and economic research methods is applied in co-operation with researchers from the above-mentioned BACT programme that, for example, makes use of economic empirical research and legal doctrinal research to analyse lottery tickets as a means to combat VAT fraud,92 and conducts lab experiments to establish the willingness to make sure a charitable donation reaches its intended cause and receives a tax incentive.93 Experiments are rarely used in tax research, the latter joint research project is therefore an excellent opportunity to explore this research method’s potential in tax law. More generally, research on fiscal autonomy as it relates to art, culture and philanthropy, which is currently being conducted by ESL researchers, is very well- suited for joint research with researchers from other areas (such as (cultural) economy, sociology, and business administration) and other countries, as well as for exploring interdisciplinary research questions.
The ESL research focus on how the legal domain responds to socio-economic trends takes centre stage in research conducted in the Rethinking the Rule of Law in an Era of Globalisation, Privatisation, and Multiculturalisation (RRL) programme. Researchers focus, often on a more conceptual level, on the effects of three major trends (globalisation, privatisation and multiculturalisation) that arguably challenge the traditional concept of the rule of law with the nation state being the primary object of study. A significant part of the research deals with the shift in the exercise of public power beyond the nation state. Interactions between states and actors on a European and global level create legitimacy problems for which traditional rule of law notions do not suffice.94 Funded by a EUR Research Excellence Initiative grant, in the Integrating Normative and Functional Approaches to the
89 The midterm committee 2009-2011 regarded the subjects ‘port taxation’ and ‘fiscal aspects of charitable institutions worldwide’ as an opportunity for the future and an opportunity to distinguish ESL tax research from research carried out by other law schools in the Netherlands and Europe and to give it a strong and attractive profile. This has been an additional incentive to strengthen the research areas ‘Maritime and transport tax law’ and ‘Fiscal autonomy in relation to art, culture and philanthropy’. 90 Huiskers-Stoop, E.A.M. mr. (2015, November 19). De effectiviteit van het horizontaal belastingtoezicht. EUR. Prom./coprom.: prof.dr. P.A.M. Diekman RA & prof.dr. J.C.M. van Sonderen. 91 Used by Renate Buijze in her current PhD research on tax barriers for cross border charitable. 92 Fabbri, M. and S.J.C. Hemels, “Do You Want a Receipt?’ Combating VAT and RST Evasion with Lottery Tickets” Intertax 8/9 2013, p. 430-443. 93 Renate Buijze, Christoph Engel, Sigrid Hemels (2015) Insuring Your Donation. An Experiment. Preprints of the Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn 2015/16, http://ssrn.com/abstract=2674553. 94 Take, for example, the controversial negotiations on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). In the course of 2015, as part of an international consortium lead by the University of Birmingham (Prof. Martin Trybus), ESL researchers (Prof. Amtenbrink, Prof. Heine and Prof. Meijer) participated in the drafting of a grant proposal on the topic of TTIP for a Marie Curie ETN under the H2020 Programme, which was awarded by the European Commission in early 2016.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 68 Rule of Law and Human Rights project, conceptual problems of the rule of law are researched in a transnational context from a specific angle.95 RRL focuses, in particular, on actors that have crucial roles in shaping economic and social policies, including the WTO,96 international development banks,97 central banks98 and international territorial administrations.99 Moreover, globalisation pertains to the trend of privatisation: various private actors are involved in both setting and implementing legal norms as well as in de facto or de jure fulfilling other regulatory functions, and they do so within and outside the frameworks of public international law and European law. This involvement raises the descriptive question of how these actors operate and the normative question of whether they can be held accountable. A concrete example of research conducted in this regard is the project on Experts in global governance,100 in which the different roles of experts in legal regimes can be seen to range from providing technological advice to implementing norms and standards. One way of addressing the accountability problem of experts and other private actors is by applying public rule of law notions to these actors. Studying the forms and effects of such publicisation is a key part of this research. The influence of globalisation and privatisation is also felt in the organisation of national judicial systems, which is a second subtheme. Relevant trends within national judiciaries are the increase of judicial dialogue, in relation to globalisation, and the pressure to include alternative dispute resolution, in relation to privatisation. Importantly, privatisation of dispute resolution is pushed for by public authorities and leads to a combination of public and private involvement.101 Part of the research in this area focused on whether there is acknowledgement of other legal systems within a judicial organisation itself.102 A trend that accompanies globalisation is an increased pluralism within national states which requires a response from legal systems in terms of fundamental rights, with an emphasis on those with special significance for cultural diversity, such as freedom of religion. From political and legal theory perspectives, RRL research theorizes the forms of plurality involved and argues that the stance of state officials requires inclusive neutrality.103 From an international law perspective, demands on the national state can be argued for to safeguard plurality.104 The interplay between those demands and the need for legitimacy is a
95 The INFAR project (2015-2020) is led by Taekema and includes researchers from RRL and the Institute for Social Studies and also hosts visiting professors. 96 Arcuri, A. (2015). The Transformation of Organic Regulation: The Ambiguous Effects of Publicization. Regulation and Governance, 9 (2), 144-159. 97 Hey, E. (2010). Global environmental law and global institutions: a system lacking 'good process'. In Roland Pierik & Wouter Werner (Eds.), Cosmopolitanism in Context (pp. 45-72). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Naudé Fourie, A. (2009), The World Bank Panel and Quasi-Judicial Oversight, Eleven International Publishing, 366 pp. (dissertation, cum laude); 98 Fabian Amtenbrink (2011), ‘Central Bank Challenges in the Global Economy’, in C. Herrmann and J.P. Terhechte (Eds.), European Yearbook of International Economic Law 2011, Berlin: Springer Publisher, 2011, 19-42. 99 Momirov, A. (2011). Accountability of International Territorial Administrations: A Public Law Approach. The Hague: Eleven International Publishing, dissertation) 100 Ambrus M., K. Arts, E. Hey & H. Raulus (Eds.), The Role of 'Experts' in International and European Decision-Making Processes: Advisors, Decision Makers or Irrelevant Actors? (pp. 1-16) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 101 The NWO Smart Governance project of De Roo on Hybrid local governance in multiple social domains provides a good example, which is co-funded by the municipality of Rotterdam. 102 Mak, E. (2013). Judicial Decision-Making in a Globalised World: A Comparative Analysis of the Changing Practices of Western Highest Courts (Hart Studies in Comparative Public Law). Oxford: Hart Publishing. 103 Pierik, R & Burg, W. van der (2014). What Is Neutrality? Ratio Juris, 27 (4), 496-515. Been, W.H.J. de (2012). Continuity or Regime Change in the Netherlands: Consociationalism in a Deterritorialized and Post-Secular World. Ethnicities, 12 (5), 531-555. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796811434914 104 Temperman, J.D. (2010). State Neutrality in Public School Education. Human Rights Quarterly, 2010 (32), 866-898
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 69 key aspect of this research line, a prominent example of which is the balance the European Court of Human Rights tries to achieve between human rights protection and political legitimacy.105
As the focus rests on the response of legal orders to trends of globalisation and privatisation, researchers affiliated to RRL employ both positive law and theoretical legal research methods as primary methods. Yet, also this research group may be seen to supplement doctrinal methods with approaches from other disciplines. The methods from the social sciences - in particular insights from economics and political science, as well as philosophy and political theory, are incorporated in legal arguments about governance structures and mechanisms, judicial argumentation and human rights requirements. For example, the broader political science perspective supports the legal argument about the opportunities and limits of formal legal requirements in the regulation of technological expertise.106 Socio-legal methods, especially qualitative research primarily in the form of interviews with judges, are a key supplement to constitutional legal materials in the study of court systems.107For research on economic governance in the EU, input from economics is strengthened by collaboration with BACT researchers, as well as by the participation of researchers who take part in RRL in the interdisciplinary European Research Centre for Economic and Financial Governance (EURO- CEFG).108 Political theory and philosophy provide pivotal normative arguments and conceptual tools in the research on diversity and pluralism.109
ESL researchers of the Monitoring Safety & Security (MSS) research programme, whose backgrounds range from law, criminology, sociology, anthropology, social psychology to public administration, history and philosophy analyse different modes of governance and study safety and security in and in interaction with financial, social, and economic contexts or systems. Monitoring, supervision, and enforcement aim at preventing and controlling insecurity and unsafety. Although such monitoring is traditionally a state task, it is increasingly transferred to private actors. Research on classic monitoring agencies as well as new private actors within these financial, economic and social contexts also occurs in a multicultural setting, and stresses the fundamental and systematic study of law as well as the interplay between law and the multicultural society. This approach also directs attention to the dynamics between deviancy and social reactions, phrased as questions regarding the (unintended) side-effects of supervision.
The effects and side-effects of new modes of supervision were the subject of a wide variety of publications. Two important multidisciplinary evaluation studies concern the experiment
105 Henrard, K.A.M. (2015). How the European Court of Human Rights' concern regarding European consensus tempers the effective protection of freedom of religion. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 4 (3), 398-420. 106 Arcuri, A. (2015). The Transformation of Organic Regulation: The Ambiguous Effects of Publicization. Regulation and Governance, 9 (2), 144-159, Naudé Fourie, A. (2009), The World Bank Panel and Quasi- Judicial Oversight, Eleven International Publishing, 366 pp. (dissertation with the distinction cum laude). 107 Mak, E. (2013). Judicial Decision-Making in a Globalised World: A Comparative Analysis of the Changing Practices of Western Highest Courts (Hart Studies in Comparative Public Law). Oxford: Hart Publishing. U. Jaremba, National judges as EU law judges: the Polish civil law system, Nijhoff Studies in EU law 2014, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden/Boston 2014. 108 E.g. F. Amtenbrink & K. Heine, ‘Regulating Credit Rating Agencies in the European Union. Lessons from Behavioural Science’, Dovenschmidt Quarterly March 2013, No. 1, 2-15. With regard to EURO-CEFG see below. 109 W. van der Burg (2014). The Dynamics of Law and Morality. A Pluralist Account of Legal Interactionism Farnham: Ashgate; Been, W.H.J. de (2012). Continuity or Regime Change in the Netherlands: Consociationalism in a Deterritorialized and Post-Secular World. Ethnicities, 12 (5), 531-555. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796811434914.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 70 ‘Legal counsel during interrogation’110 and the Maximum Security Prison in Vught, the Netherlands.111 Both studies are excellent examples of successful collaborations between criminal lawyers and criminologists. The Maximum Security Prison has reached its goal of zero escapes. The central research question of the report is both normative and empirical: what price is paid to achieve this level of security?112
Researchers within MSS also focus on fundamental legal reflection on democratic and constitutional questions around safety and supervision. The interplay between law on the one hand and economic, financial, and social contexts on the other are also studied in transformations in the modes of supervision where different legal domains interact. One important area of research specifically relates to transformations in use and in modes of supervision. In this context, several national and international articles and book contributions were published that address a variety of ongoing transformations such as the increasing role of civil procedure for urgent matters (‘an interim order’) as supervisor of the criminal justice system;113 the divergent views of legislators, policymakers, and the judiciary on the supervision, and ultimately the imprisonment, of repeat offenders;114 the legally controversial use of an alcohol lock for traffic offenders;115 and, finally, the development of risk culture and precautionary culture for the analysis of contemporary policy and attitudes towards risk and unsafety.116 Another important development regarding transitions in the use and modes of supervision is the increasing use of indeterminate supervision of (alleged) dangerous offenders. As in many other countries, the Dutch legislator is expanding legal possibilities for this highly controversial supervision mode, in addition to the already abundantly existing modes of determinate supervision.117 Michiel van der Wolf and Sanne Struijk continued their research by organising a thematic session ‘Preventive Supervision of Dangerous Offenders: a European Comparative and Human Rights Perspective at the International Congress on Law and Mental Health’ in Vienna (Austria) in 2015.
ESL researchers participating in MSS study the dynamics of deviancy and social reactions against it in a fundamentally changing society where economic, financial, social and religious
110 Verhoeven, W.J. & Stevens, L (2013). Rechtsbijstand bij politieverhoor. Evaluatie van de Aanwijzing rechtsbijstand politieverhoor in Amsterdam - Amstelland, Groningen, Haaglanden, Limburg - Zuid, Midden - en West - Brabant en Utrecht. Den Haag: Boom Lemma uitgevers. 111 Bunt, H.G. van de, Bleichrodt, F.W., Struijk, S., Leeuw, P.H.P.M. de & Struik, D. (2013). Gevangen in de EBI. Een empirisch onderzoek naar de Extra Beveiligde Inrichting (EBI) in Vught. Den Haag: Boom Lemma uitgevers. 112 The policy of the ‘EBI’ regime is that detainees should be deprived of any illusion of escaping. The researchers identified several rules and practices that do not contribute to the goal of zero escapes but are purely symbolic, such as a detainee receiving his visiting family members through a window. They recommend to abolish these rules to clear the regime of its sharp edges (Van de Bunt, Bleichrodt et al., 2013). 113 Mevis, P.A.M., Nan, J.S. & Struijk, S. (2015). Kort geding en strafrecht: huidige en toekomstige plaatsbepaling. In R.J.N. Schlossels & et al (Eds.), De burgerlijke rechter in het publiekrecht (pp. 379-400). Deventer: Wolters Kluwer. 114 Struijk, S. (2015). Een schets van het actuele belang van het kort geding inzake de strafexecutie. Sancties, 2015 (6), 288-297. Struijk, S. (2015). Punishing Repeat Offenders in the Netherlands: Balancing between Incapacitation and Treatment. Behavioral Sciences & The Law, 33 (1), 148-166. 115 Hulst, J.W. van der (2015). Het alcoholslot van de baan. Jurisprudentie Wegenverkeersrecht, 2015 (16), 1-10. 116 Kortleven, WJ (2013). Voorzorg in Nederland. Ontwikkelingen in de maatschappelijke omgang met kindermishandeling, verkeersonveiligheid en genetische modificatie. Nijmegen: Wolf Legal Publishers. Pieterman, R. (2015). Obesity as Disease and Deviance: Risk and Morality in Early 21st Century. In Th. Müller (Ed.), Contributions from European Symbolic Interactionists: Reflection on Methods (Studies in Symbolic Interaction, volume 44) (pp. 117-139). Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. 117 Wolf, M.J.F. van der & Struijk, S. (2014). (Levens)lang toezicht als zelfstandige maatregel: wordt nu echt de Rubicon overgestoken? Sancties. Tijdschrift over Straffen en Maatregelen, 2014 (6), 368-378.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 71 processes of globalisation have serious local impacts. Several studies carried out into (risks on) Islamic radicalisation provide a good example of contemporary research that is closely related to this so-called ‘glocalisation’. These studies view the topic from different theoretical as well as methodological perspectives. As a starting point, the multicultural society is being perceived not as a fixed and static entity but as one that is dynamic and increasingly contested by current global migration flows, one in which fundamental issues such as democracy, freedom of speech, and equality are at stake alongside terrorism and radicalisation. The issue of radicalisation is very locally embedded as is illustrated by the fact that it concerns youngsters who are born, and who socialise in the Netherlands. Simultaneously, the scope of the problems to be dealt with is global and driven by processes of economic and religious globalisation. A good example of such research is the ethnographic PhD research by Fiore Geelhoed on Muslim fundamentalist youngsters in the Netherlands.118 This research was further investigated by two different empirical research projects on the risks of radicalisation of Turkish-Dutch youngsters in which the researchers have shed light on fundamental issues of discriminatory practices and processes of incorporation while trying to understand whether and how these youngster are attracted to Islamic fundamentalism and how they react to (perceived) exclusion.119
Research done within the MSS programme also zooms in on situations and conflicts in which formal law and strategies of conflict resolution are either absent or offer no solution. Fundamental research on organised crime constitutes a perfect example of research that focuses on informal conflict resolution in an environment where formal law offers no solution. ‘The Dutch Organized Crime Monitor’ is an ongoing research project that originated in the aftermath of the ‘IRT affair’ (1996). In four data sweeps in the period 1996-2016, 150 criminal investigations were analysed, covering a broad range of types of organised crime.120 The continuing involvement of ESL researchers with the Centre for Information and Research on Organized Crime (CIROC), founded in 2001 by researchers of the criminology department of ESL in cooperation with colleagues from other universities, is in line with research on important societal issues. CIROC aims at making a leading contribution, both nationally and internationally by organising seminars and issuing newsletters, to the exchange of information on current developments and trends in organised crime.
Recognising and working with methodologies ranging from law, criminology and other social sciences is at the core of researchers at the Monitoring Safety & Security programme. In doing so, they employ and combine divergent theoretical as well as methodological approaches in their research by mixing legal analysis with qualitative and quantitative methodologies with a strong empirical urge. The common ground shared by this multidisciplinarity and the different methodological approaches is the necessity to understand phenomena from the perspectives of the research subjects involved. Researchers are
118 Geelhoed, F. (2014). Striving for Allah. Purification and Resistance among Fundamentalist Muslims in the Netherlands. Eleven International Publishing. 119 See Staring, R., Geelhoed, F., Aslanoglu, G., Hiah, J.W. & Kox, M.H. (2014). Ontwikkelingen in de maatschappelijke positie van Turkse Nederlanders. Risico's op criminaliteit en radicalisering? Den Haag: Boom/Lemma. Staring, R.H.J.M. & Geelhoed, F. (2015). 'Nooit Nederlander genoeg'. Ontwikkelingen in de sociaal-culturele positie van Turks-Nederlandse jongeren, hun wereldbeelden en attitudes ten opzichte van (religieus geïnspireerd) geweld. In J. Dagevos (Ed.), Werelden van verschil, Over de sociaal-culturele afstand en positie van migrantengroepen (pp. 160-219). SCP: Den Haag. 120 Numerous international and national articles and reports were published in the context of the ‘Dutch Organized Crime Monitor’, see, for instance, Bunt, H.G. van de, Siegel, D., & D. Zaitch (2014). The social embeddedness of organized crime. In: L. Paoli (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Organized Crime. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press, 321-339; Bunt, H.G. van de & K. van Wingerde ‘We are all going to be rich’: a case study of the Dutch real estate fraud case (2015). In: Judith van Erp et al., The Routledge Handbook of White-Collar and Corporate Crime in Europe, 304-337. London and New York: Routledge; Kruisbergen E.W., Van de Bunt, H.G. and Kleemans, E.R. (2012). Georganiseerde criminaliteit in Nederland. Vierde rapportage op basis van de Monitor Georganiseerde Criminaliteit. Meppel: Boom Lemma Uitgevers.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 72 constantly looking for the interaction between law and society, irrespective of whether their research concerns human traffickers exploiting their employees or medical doctors who have to decide in end-of-life situations. The latter forms part of the EUR Research Excellence Initiative ‘Doctors and criminal lawyers dealing with death and dying: multidisciplinary and empirical perspectives on medical decision making at the end of life’, and provides a good example of the multidisciplinary methodological approach taken to study a particular social phenomenon. Researchers from the ESL criminal law department cooperate with scholars from the department of Public Health of the Erasmus Medical Centre, in examining public health, ethical, and legal issues in end-of-life decision-making.121 By researching the daily practices of doctors and understanding how they act in end-of-life cases in terms of both medical care and law, the researchers aim at better regulating and controlling end-of-life decision-making in health care and (criminal) law. The researchers employ a mixture of traditional anthropological methods such as participant observation in various clinical end-of-life care settings, qualitative interviews, and collecting statistical data as well as medical, ethical and legal analyses of observed practices.
In addition to the ESL research programmes, ESL researchers are also involved in several interuniversity research centres under the strategic alliance between the Universities of Leiden, Delft and Rotterdam. Established in 2014, the European Research Centre for Economic and Financial Governance (EURO-CEFG)122 is geared towards establishing a trans-European network of high-quality researchers and societal stakeholders on the interdisciplinary subject of economic and financial governance in the EU. The researchers that constitute its core group (the Research Fellows) have a background in law, economics, political science, international relations or public administration. They are supported by an equally diverse group of associated researchers in different disciplines and from various countries.123 The main objective of EURO-CEFG is, first of all, to provide a holistic understanding of processes that have a decisive influence on economic and financial governance in the European Union and beyond, and which are the key to devising a sustainable system for the future. The latter also forms part of the Centre’s research mission. Based on the notion that governance structures have a decisive influence on macroeconomic stability in the EU because of their impact on the effectiveness and coherence of the exercise of policy and decision-making power, a broad research matrix is used as a common frame of reference for monodisciplinary and interdisciplinary research into the two main pillars of European economic and financial governance, namely fiscal and monetary policy, as well as financial regulation and supervision.124
Research conducted at the Erasmus China Law Centre (ECLC) is also linked to ESL’s mission to study law in its economic and social context. First, the research surveys a wide range of substantial and procedural issues to strengthen the protection of property and human rights by courts, as law enforcement by courts has become increasingly significant in resolving civil and commercial disputes and in stabilising market and social order in China.125 Moreover, expertise is further developed through cooperation with Chinese and European experts as
121 This project commenced in September 2015. 122 http://www.euro-cefg.eu. From the three Universities, the following participate as Research Fellows (in alphabetic order): F. Amtenbrink (Erasmus School of Law; Scientific Director and co-founder), S. van den Bogaert (Leiden Law School; co-founder); M. Haentjens (Leiden Law School); M. Haverland (Faculty of Public Administration, Erasmus University Rotterdam); K. Heine (Erasmus School of Law); M. Hosli (Faculty of Governance and Global Affairs, University of Leiden); A. Pacces (Erasmus School of Law); E. Pruyt (Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology); R. Repasi (Erasmus school of Law; Scientific Coordinator). 123 For a list of Research Associates and PhD-Associates see http://www.euro-cefg.eu/people-0 124 For more details see http://www.euro-cefg.eu/research 125 Prof. Li published numerous books and articles concerning China’s court system.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 73 well as through fostering a group of PhD researchers in the field of foreign investment law in China, comparative foreign investment law in emerging economies, and international investment law,126 with a particular focus on bilateral investment negotiations - such as EU-China BIT, US-China BIT - and on regional investment agreements, such as TPP and TTIP.127 The applied main research method is a positive law and legal doctrine analysis. However, empirical research methods are increasingly used, including interviews and other forms of qualitative study. Legal development in China cannot be isolated from other jurisdictions, and has to be put in a global context. Consequently, comparative study has been embedded in the centre’s research with the clear intention of understanding and promoting legal commonalities.
In conclusion, ESL consists of five different research programmes, each with a clearly identifiable thematic focus: market regulation, contract and tort, tax law, the rule of law, and safety and security. Moreover, ESL takes the lead in an interuniversity research centre in the context of the strategic alliance between the Universities of Leiden, Delft and Rotterdam. The different research groups are integrated by sharing three principles. First, all programmes start from the assumption that law cannot be understood in splendid isolation even though some of the groups stress the economic context and others the social context. Law both shapes the socio-economic context and is shaped by it. Second, all programmes take into account that nation states cannot automatically be conceived as the ultimate or even the most important regulatory actor. Private actors as well as local and supra-national authorities assume roles in standard setting, monitoring and overseeing regulations. Globalisation, privatisation and migration spur on this horizontal and vertical differentiation of hard and soft law. All programmes share an awareness of norm plurality and polycentricity. Third, studying law in its socio-economic context also automatically implies that legal positivist methodology does not always suffice in understanding the law. Consequently, methodological pluralism is another common denominator of the various research programmes. As a result, ESL combines in its research programmes a clear focus on a limited number of legal and criminological research topics with an integrated approach that is determined by studying law in its socio-economic context and a decentred approach of the state, as well as by complementing a legal positivist methodology with methodologies derived from the social sciences and humanities.
126 At present, three Chinese PhD researchers affiliated to the Centre are conducting investment law research: Bian Chen’s thesis is titled ‘Comparative Analysis on National Security Review Systems of Cross- Border Mergers and Acquisitions in China, the US, and the EU’; Du Du is writing about the role of governments in regulating foreign investment by comparing law and practice in China, India and Brazil; Ma Wanli’s thesis focuses on investor-state arbitration and the reforming of the current ISDS system. 127 ECLC is now involved in a joint project with the Law School of Wuhan University on comparing European and Chinese approaches to reshaping the ISDS system. The Centre is also collaborated with the Institute for European Studies at Université Libre de Bruxelles on the project of EU-China academic cooperation in the 21st century. Prof. Li and Mr. Chen contributed a paper entitled ‘EU-China Cooperation in Combating Commercial Bribery.’ A book that is the result of the project is going to be published by Routledge in 2017.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 74 Research@ESL: academic visibility and relevance to policy and society
Part A of the self-assessment, Section 3.3.2. (Strenghtening research output and visibility), points out that ESL stimulates researchers to choose the appropriate dissemination strategy for their research output based on content and aim. That is to say, such strategy depends on whether particular research addresses national, transnational or global issues, and which audience the related output is geared towards (academic peers, policymakers, business and practitioners, and the general public). This approach recognises the important contribution to society that fundamental and applied legal research may have by addressing societal challenges that arise in the Netherlands. At the same time, it acknowledges the regional and/or global character of many issues that call for a broader debate as well as consideration of insights from other jurisdictions. Choosing the correct dissemination channel is crucial in order to ensure that research output reaches its maximum potential with regard to visibility and potential impact.
The inherently multidisciplinary approach to the study of the behaviour of individuals and organisations, and the impact of and on regulation carries implications that are not confined to a single legal system. As a consequence, research output in the form of scientific publications by researchers who participate in the Behavioural Approaches to Contract and Tort: Relevance for Policymaking (BACT) programme primarily aims at contributing to the international academic and policy debate, although specific, national impact is undeniably needed as well as covered. A recently conducted study on merger control is exemplary in this regard, whereby – based on meta-analysis – an important gap was bridged between the existing knowledge of legislators and regulators on the one hand and experimental economic research on the other. Its description of the neglected findings of 50 years of experimental economic research has provided antitrust authorities with the scientific backbone to decide under what conditions tacit collusion is likely to happen in a narrow oligopoly.128 Another example concerns an international and interdisciplinary law and economics study, which describes the incentives created by a mitigated strict liability regime for credit rating agencies. In doing so, it has made a theoretical contribution to the political and academic debate on how to improve credit rating agencies’ incentives to provide accurate ratings.129 Finally, another international award-winning study empirically tested the importance of inter- organisational factors in determining managerial responses to unethical and illegal behaviour by employees. It highlighted the need to also take into account the business context in order to be able to understand the emergence and continuation of unethical and illegal transgressions in organisations. Unravelling this neglected cause of wrongdoing also provides leads to policymakers on how to address the challenge of fighting unethical behaviour by businesses.130
128 Ch. Engels, ‘Tacit Collusion – The Neglected Experimental Evidence’, Journal of Empirical Legal Studies Vol. 12, Issue 3, 4537-577, September 2015. 129 A.M. Pacces and S. Romano, (2015), “A Strict Liability Regime for Credit Rating Agencies”, American Business Law Journal 52(4): 673-720. 130 P.T.M. Desmet, N. Hoogervorst, M. Van Dijke (2015) ‘Prophets vs. profits: How market competition influences leaders' disciplining behavior towards ethical transgressions’, The Leadership Quarterly 26(6): 1034-1050.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 75 Although primarily geared towards international forums, interdisciplinary research conducted at BACT does not exclude research that addresses specific needs in the national domain. Research intended for this national level sometimes even provides insights that are relevant beyond a particular object of study and may even be internationally recognised for it. Exemplary of such research is an edited volume of contributions that focuses on how ex-ante evaluation of legislative proposals and ex-post analysis may increase the effectiveness and efficiency of regulation, using economic tools in China. By offering analyses that go beyond the traditional economic analysis of law and, more specifically, by focussing on the question of how economic tools can guide the quality of legislation, the volume makes an important scholarly contribution by showing how to improve the quality of legal institutions of a rapidly developing economy beyond the particular case of China; it is a contribution that justified publication with a leading international publisher.131 A final example in this category concerns a collection of academic papers that empirically assess what is known about how private law plays out in practice, the way in which legislators and judges build on presumptions of how litigants behave, and what the effects of private law are. It shows that much is still unknown, and hence proves the need for developing civilology – the empirical study of private law – to render decisions by the judiciary more evidence based. This programmatic interdisciplinary publication has made a significant contribution to establishing a community of empirical scholars in private law in the Netherlands.132 Moreover, BACT researchers have a real impact mainly through engaging in dialogue not only with policy- and decision-makers,133 but also with commercial stakeholders.134 Moreover, recognition of research takes the form of citations of relevant works of BACT researchers by the judiciary.135
This group’s research output also found its way into teaching, primarily through participation of BACT researchers in the European Master in Law and Economics (EMLE)136 Programme and the training course that is part of the European Doctorate in Law and Economics (EDLE)137 programme, but also through textbooks that are used in legal education at Erasmus University Rotterdam and elsewhere.138
131 M. Faure, & G. Xu (2013), Economics and Regulation in China, (London and New York: Routledge). 132 W. van Boom, I. Giesen & A. Verheij (eds.) (2013), Capita Civilologie – Handboek Empirie en Privaatrecht (Den Haag: BJu). 133 E.g. K. Heine has provided policy advice to the German Federal government on automatisation with regard to challenges of industry 4 (so-called High Tec Forum) since 2015; S. Lindenbergh participated in expert meetings, one of which was organised by the Dutch Ministry of Safety and Justice on compensation of personal injury to relatives of an injured party, which resulted in a proposal for legislation. He also chaired the advisory committee of the Catholic Church in the Netherlands on compensation to victims of sexual abuse (which resulted in a compensation scheme used in over 1,000 cases); A. Pacces authored an empirical study for the European Commission on postal service charges across the EU in 2015 and he is currently finishing an empirical study on legal and institutional barriers to cross-border retail commerce in the EU. In the period 2011–2014, he was also invited to several OECD roundtable [talks/meetings] on corporate governance; Ch. Engel is a member of the Advisory Council (Wissenschaftlicher Beirat) of the German Minister of Economics. 134 E.g. Ch. Engel, S. Hemels and R. Buijze, ‘Insuring your donation – an experiment’ MPI Collective Goods Preprint No. 2015/16, this publication triggered an invitation by a large insurance company (Munich Re) to discuss their business model. 135 E.g. Publications of S. Lindenbergh are cited in 62 opinions of an advocate general at the Supreme Court of the Netherlands. 136 http://www.emle.org 137 http://www.edle-phd.eu/ 138 E.g. R. van den Berg and P.D. Camesasca, European Competition Law and Economics: A Comparative Perspective (Thomson, Sweet & Maxwell, 2006), used as teaching material at the universities of Hamburg, Bologna and LUISS Rome in the period 2009-2015; M. Scheltema], Gemeenschapelijk recht (Wolters Kluwer, 2013), used at several Dutch law schools; J. Spier, T. Hartlief, A.L.M. Keirse, S.D. Lindenbergh, R. Vriesendorp, Verbintenissen uit de wet en schadevergoeding (Wolters Kluwer, used at all Dutch law faculties); A. Pacces, Rethinking Corporate Governance - The Law and Economics of Control Power (Routledge, 2012): chapter 2 is mandatory reading for the Comparative Corporate Law course at Oxford University, Faculty of Law.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 76 With a focus on a global context and the interplay between European and international law, and national systems, the main orientation of research done within the Rethinking the Rule of Law (RRL) programme is towards international networks and publication outlets. In addition to international journal articles, monographs and international edited volumes are an important source of recognition within public law and legal theory, two of the main sub-disciplines involved in these research projects. Significant parts of this programme’s research attracted outside funding, a good example of which is research done by Elaine Mak, which was carried out with the help of an NWO Veni grant for her research on highest courts that resulted in a well-received monograph published by a leading international publisher.139 The book received a positive review and triggered a follow-up project that was awarded a Vidi grant in 2016. A second good example is work done by Wibren van der Burg in the context of his NWO project on Reconstructing political philosophy and legal doctrine: doing justice to dynamics and hybrid identifications, which resulted in a well-received monograph140 setting out a theory of pluralism. This research has led to international workshops, such as an LSA author meets reader session and a visiting professorship at Queen Mary in London. In the context of this NWO project, public lectures and publications in general media ensured that the central ideas of inclusive neutrality and recognition of multi-faceted identities were disseminated to broader audiences, including churches and non-governmental organisations.141 The research group fosters international networks and working together with peers on various subthemes.142 A good example of an international collaborative project is the research performed on experts, which was initiated in the form of an international conference organised in Rotterdam and eventually resulted in an edited volume with Cambridge University Press. M. Ambrus, K. Arts, E. Hey & H. Raulus (Eds.) (2014), The Role of 'Experts' in International and European Decision-Making Processes: Advisors, Decision Makers or Irrelevant Actors? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The broader regulation framework in research on private actors is especially prominent in Alessandra Arcuri’s research funded by an EUR fellowship, which resulted in a key publication on public regulation of organic food.143 The work on cultural diversity and human rights within the subtheme of multiculturalisation is witness to a strategy of combining international academic publications with more direct interventions in current debates. In doing so, the same line of research is able to create theoretical frameworks as well as to reflect on and intervene in policy debates. One particular debate on law and religion to which the theoretical work was applied followed the controversial Lautsi decisions of the European Court of Human Rights.144 The researchers in the programme also use their results in expert consultation and lectures for professional organisations, ranging from advice to Dutch ministries and the Parliament145 to European
139 Mak, E. (2013). Judicial Decision-Making in a Globalised World: A Comparative Analysis of the Changing Practices of Western Highest Courts (Hart Studies in Comparative Public Law). Oxford: Hart Publishing. 140 Burg, W. van der (2014). The Dynamics of Law and Morality. A Pluralist Account of Legal Interactionism. Farnham: Ashgate. 141 Examples include: Professional publication: Burg, W. van der (2012). De scheiding van kerk en staat. Een herijking. In J. Magliano-Tromp, M. Tolsma & K Holtzapffel (Eds.), Kerk en buitenwereld. Opstellen over de kerk in de samenleving (pp. 32-42). Zoetermeer: Meinema. Lecture: Burg, W. van der (2010, september 23). Subsidie voor religieuze organisaties- maar onder voorwaarden. Utrecht, Forum. 142 These are supported by both visiting professorships (Hey, University of New South Wales; Van der Burg, Queen Mary; Amtenbrink, Collège d’Europe, Bruges) and visiting research positions ( e.g. Arcuri, EUI Florence, Mak, Georgetown, Ali, Cambridge) 143 Arcuri, A. (2015). The Transformation of Organic Regulation: The Ambiguous Effects of Publicization. Regulation and Governance, 9 (2), 144-159. 144 The theoretical framing in Temperman, J.D. (2010). State Neutrality in Public School Education. Human Rights Quarterly, 2010 (32), 866-898, applied in J.D. Temperman (Ed.) (2012), The Lautsi Papers: Multidisciplinary Reflections on Religious Symbols in the Public School Classroom (pp. 143-176). Leiden/Boston: Brill/Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 145 Amtenbrink, F. (25 September 2014). Invited Expert. Den Haag, Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken, EMU bijeenkomst. Stout, H.D. (24 June 2013). Publieke belangen: systeeminterne en -externe perspectieven.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 77 institutions,146 participation in both national147 and international148 training programmes, and to provide expertise in advisory boards.149 Signs of recognition and impact of the research conducted also come in the form of invitations to give keynote speeches and rapporteurships at international academic conferences.150 In addition, researchers seek collaboration with governmental organisations in order to do their research in direct response to societal questions. The NWO-funded research project on family group conferences focusses on combining ‘traditional’ governance in the social domain with reliance on citizens’ own family and wider social networks into a hybrid form of governance, and works closely with the municipality of Rotterdam and non-governmental organisations.151 More broadly, research carried out by the programme is used in educational textbooks, such as a revision of a prominent handbook on constitutional law,152 as well as in well-regarded books on legal methods and theory153 and European Union law.154 Said research also resulted in further invitations to give guest lectures and teaching modules; one example being research on methodology and interdisciplinarity, which triggered numerous guest lectures in research masters and PhD programmes.155
Much of the research carried out within the Monitoring Safety and Security (MSS) programme has an important national as well as international dimension. Researchers interfere with their innovative interdisciplinary contributions in the Dutch and international academic debate on questions of safety and security [with…], as well as disseminate their research findings to a broad audience of potential users, such as legislators, policymakers, corporations, and public and private enforcement agencies. An excellent example is the Routledge handbook on White-Collar and Corporate Crime in Europe. This volume, which was edited by Judith van Erp, contains five contributions by ESL researchers and brings together a broad range of
Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal, Expertmeeting over de privatisering en verzelfstandiging van overheidsdiensten. 146 Amtenbrink, F., (18 June 2015), Presentation 'EU Monetary Policy and the Developing Role of the ECB: Powers, Realities, Systemic Impact', European Parliament, Professional training of the legal service: The economic policies of the Union, Brussels. 147 Gaakeer, A.M.P. (2015). Organisatie, co-ordinatie en docent van de SSR Summercourse 'Rechtspraak, taal en literatuur' voor de rechterlijke macht: University College Roosevelt, Middelburg (24-26 juni 2015), H.S. Taekema co-docent; Raulus, H.S. (2013, October 17). EU citizens' rights, fundamental rights, judiciary and anti-corruption policies. Clingendael Institute, Matra course for young diplomats. 148 Temperman, J.D. ( 16 September 2013). An Introduction to International Human Rights Relating to Religion and Belief. Ho Chi Min City University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Saigon, Vietnam, Certificate Training Programme on Religion and the Rule of Law. 149 Hey, E. (period: 2013- ). Member of the Scientific Advisory Board; K.G. Jebsen Centre for the Law of the Sea at the University of Tromso. 150 E.g. F. Amtenbrink was appointed General Rapporteur for Topic 1 ‘The Economic and Monetary Union: Constitutional and Institutional Aspects of the Economic Governance within the EU’ at the XXVI 2014 FIDE ( Fédération Internationale pour le Droit Européen ) congress in Copenhagen, his duties included being in charge of providing the general report as well as chairing a total of 6 sessions during the conference. 151 A.J. De Roo, A.J. (2014) Hybrid local governance in multiple social domains, NWO Smart Governance programme (co-funded by the municipal government of Rotterdam). 152 Lange, R. de (2013). Bewerking van de hoofdstukken 5, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 27, 30, 31 en 36. In D.J. Elzinga, R. de Lange & H.G. Hoogers (Eds.), Van der Pot, Handboek van het Nederlandse staatsrecht, 16e druk, (Electronische publicatie 2013). Deventer: Kluwer. 153 Kloosterhuis, H.T.M. (2014). Juridische methoden. Casusoplossen, jurisprudentie-analyse en argumenteren. Derde druk. Den Haag: Boom Juridische uitgevers. Taekema, H.S., Gaakeer, A.M.P. & Loth, M.A. (2013). Recht in context. Een inleiding tot de rechtswetenschap, derde druk. Den Haag: Boom Juridische uitgevers. 154 F. Amtenbrink and H.H.B. Vedder, ‘Recht van de Europese Unie’, The Hague: Boom Juridische uitgevers, 4th fully revised edition 2010 (554 p.), 5th fully revised edition 2013 (517 p.). This is one of the leading Dutch textbooks on EU law used at Dutch law schools today. 155 H.S. Taekema, e.g. presented guest lectures in Groningen (2010, 2012) and Amsterdam (2014) and taught a teaching module (2013, 2014, 2015). Interdisciplinary Legal Research. Utrecht, Follow-up course Methodology for Human Rights Scholars (School of Human Rights Research).
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 78 international scholars and experts on this rather underexplored area of research.156 Recent research on (repeated) workplace victimisation, especially in the public sector, provides another example.157 Although research was based on Dutch cases and was published in Dutch journals, it also addresses internationally relevant issues, and it was therefore published in an excellent international journal, the European Journal of Criminology.158 One final example to be presented here is the recently started research titled ‘Doctors and criminal lawyers dealing with death and dying’.159 In addition to the research programme’s clear focus on contributing to the international legal debate, Dutch language publications on qualitative criminological research are encouraged, as this is still the mother tongue of many researchers who participate in the programme as well as that of many stakeholders in the field. Researchers from the MSS programme co- founded the Netherlands/Flemish journal of cultural criminology, the Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit in 2011. From its start onwards, members of MSS edited several issues as well as wrote various articles. A remarkable special issue from 2015 deals with academic fraud.160 This issue examines the questions why scientific misconduct has become a subject of criminological research, and how scientific misconduct relates to a production-oriented academic culture. Many authors point at undesirable side-effects of an emerging culture of mistrust and control in academia, including socially disengaged, highly predictable and little innovative research. The continuing involvement of ESL researchers with the Centre for Information and Research on Organized Crime (CIROC) is another important example on the edge of the international and national dimension of the MSS programme. CIROC aims at making a leading contribution, both nationally and internationally, to the exchange of information between professionals and academics on current developments and trends in organised crime by organising seminars, issuing newsletters, and publishing international edited volumes. Exemplary for the relevance and impact of research conducted by researchers of the MSS research group is the report ‘Thematic Evaluation of the Laws on Coerced Care’, based on research commissioned and funded by The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw), which is related to the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport. The evaluation incorporated Mental Health Law and Criminal Law (Forensic Care), included both juveniles and adults, and was awarded to and carried out by a collaboration of researchers from Groningen, Amsterdam and Rotterdam including Paul Mevis, Jolande Uit Beijerse and Michiel van der Wolf from the department of criminal law at the EUR. In 2015, due to the importance and complexity of the research being conducted, the researchers were frequently invited to present their findings and recommendations. On 10 March 2015, Mevis and Uit Beijerse presented their findings and recommendations to professionals from different disciplines who work in the researched sectors during an expert meeting and to the Dutch Parliament on 8 April 2015. In addition, Uit Beijerse presented the results of the part of the research concerning minors at a Symposium for Lawyers specialising in Juvenile Law at the Court of Amsterdam on 5 October 2015, and at the annual meeting of the Expert group for juvenile court judges on 9 October 2015 at the Court of Utrecht. Scientifically, the report triggered several spin-off publications in 2015. The official reaction of the government to the recommendations is to be expected in 2016. Another example of the relevance and impact is research on social and cultural distance and the position of migrant groups in the Netherlands by Richard Staring (together with Fiore Geelhoed of the VU University
156 Van Erp, J. van, W. Huisman & G. vande Walle (eds.) (2015).The Routledge Handbook of White-Collar and Corporate Crime in Europe. London and New York: Routledge. 157 Conducted as PhD research project by L. van Reemst, who holds a Master of Science degree in Social Psychology. 158 Reemst, L. van, Fischer, T.F.C. & Zwirs, B.W.C. (2015). Response Decision, Emotions, and Victimisation of Police Officers. European Journal of Criminology, 12 (6), 635-657. doi: 10.1177/1477370815587767 159 See in this regard also Narrative 1. 160 Edited by Kristel Beyens (Free University Brussels) and René van Swaaningen (ESL-EUR).
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 79 Amsterdam) in the context of a research project initiated by the Netherlands Institute for Social Research [Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau].161 The findings of this research have been extensively discussed in the Dutch Parliament.162 Research output from this group also found its way into teaching, an example of which is a methodological handbook that is used in all criminology degree programmes offered at Dutch universities, which includes chapters by several ESL researchers.163 Another example is the aforementioned Routledge Handbook of White-Collar and Corporate Crime in Europe.164
In view of the close relationship with and high practical relevance for legal practice, researchers participating in the Lex Mercatoria: Globalising Business Law in the 21st Century (LM) programme are encouraged to produce a healthy mix of academic publications – capturing the essence of the programme – and professional publications. As part of the programme’s strategy, new researchers with a strong foothold in practice have been recruited, both as part of the tenured staff and as PhD researchers who are not employed by the EUR. In focussing on improvement of the two primary functions of business law, i.e. the facilitating function and the regulatory function, the research programme seeks to play a prominent role in the national and international legal debate. Examples of the visibility of ESL research in this field include successful symposia and publications on issues such as the evolution of directors’ liability (2010 and 2012)165 corporate litigation (2014)166and the role of societal interests in the corporate takeover realm (2014).167 Other examples are the activities within the International Law Association on implied and inherent powers of arbitral tribunals (2014),168 as well as successful international conferences organized in Rotterdam: The Rotterdam Rules Appraised (2009), Tension between Universal and regional unification of private law, Conflict between EU law and maritime and transport law conventions (2012), and Common core, PECL and DCFR: Could they change shipping law? (2014). Business law is not improved by academics operating in isolation; the legal debate does not solely take place among academics. Lawyers, the judiciary, the legislator, politicians and others also participate in this debate. In addition, business law is heavily influenced by external factors such as economic developments – social enterprises are, for example, increasingly popular worldwide –169 and technological improvements that raise questions of trademark protection.170 Researchers participating in the programme aim at influencing legislation and case law by having an impact on the communis opinio among academics, as well as on
161 See F. Geelhoed and R. Staring, ‘‘Nooit Nederlander genoeg’. Turks-Nederlandse jongeren over hun sociaal-culturele posities, wereldbeelden en attitudes ten opzicht van (religieus geïnspireerd) geweld’, in W. Huijnk, J. Dagevos, M. Gijsberts, I. Andriessen, Wereld van verschil. Over de sociaal-culturele afstand en positie van migrantengroepen in Nederland (SCP, 2015), 160-218. 162 House of Representatives (Tweede Kamer), session year 2015-2016, 32824, no. 117. 163 E.g. Staring, R.H.J.M. & Swaaningen, R. van (2016), ‘Kwalitatief onderzoek en criminologische theorie. De relatie tussen theorie, onderzoeksvragen en methode’, in T. Decorte and D. Zaitch (eds.), Kwalitatieve methoden en technieken in de criminologie (Acco, 2016), 33-80. 164 Van Erp, J. van, W. Huisman & G. vande Walle (eds.) (2015). The Routledge Handbook of White-Collar and Corporate Crime in Europe. London and New York: Routledge. 165 See Evolutie van het bestuurdersaansprakelijkheidsrecht, Deventer: Kluwer 2011. 166 See WPNR 2014/7037. 167 See WPNR 2015/7048. 168 See De Ly, F., Inherent and Implied Powers of Arbitral Tribunals (with L. Radicati di Brosolo and M. Friedman), Draft Report and Recommendations of the Committee on International Commerical Arbitration of the International Law Association, Washington D.C. Conference 2014, Report of the seventy-sixth conference, Washington D.C., International Law Association, London, 2014, 822-851, approved at the August 2016 ILA Conference in Johannesburg, also available at www.ila-hq.org. 169 Timmerman, L., Jongh, J.M. de & Schild, A.J.P. (2011). The Rise of the Social Enterprise: How Social Enterprises are Changing Company Law Worldwide. In S. Muller, S. Zouridis, M. Frishman & L. Kistemaker (Eds.), The law of the future and the future of the law (pp. 305-322). Oslo: TOAEP, Torkel Opsahl Academic Epublisher. 170 See, e.g., Cohen Jehoram, T., Nispen, C. van & Huydecoper, T. (2010). European Trademark Law: Community Trademark Law and Harmonized National Trademark Law. Deventer: Kluwer.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 80 practitioners, the judiciary and lawmakers by bringing forward new fresh ideas and solutions, and shaping the future of business law. Examples of such endeavours include analyses of the functioning of the right of inquiry,171 of the law on alternative legal entities,172 and an examination of the principle of the best interest of the company as a mandatory legal guideline for corporate directors.173 This impact is also evidenced, for example, by the significant number of relevant citations in opinions of the Advocate-General in Supreme Court proceedings on a host of topics.174 Another example is the analysis of contract clauses conducted by the Groupe de Travail Contrats Internationaux composed scholars, legal counsel and attorneys as evidenced by the publication of a Spanish edition of the reports of the groupe.175 Other examples are provided by studies conducted at the request of the European Commission, such as that into a financial instrument to facilitate safe and sound ship recycling (2015) and the Ex-post evaluation of regulation 392/2009 on the liability of carriers of passengers by sea in the event of accidents (since 2015) and at the request of other stakeholders, e.g. the European Sea-Ports Organisation (ESPO), on Financial risks for Ports of refuge, Report on the compensation of losses sustained by a port of refuge as a result of granting access to a ship in distress (2015).Except for publishing in Dutch, foreign or international scientific and professional law journals and monographs176, researchers also publish in leading Dutch legal commentaries, including the Asser-serie.177 Another outlet for the programme’s output or way in which to have an impact on legal development is by participating in editorial boards178 and advisory bodies179, in national or international conferences, by organising academic conferences, and by delivering key-note speeches at these conferences. Tax legislation is often closely related to the jurisdiction and society for which it has been drafted. Even in the EU, direct taxes are hardly harmonised. This means that tax law research is, in part, research on national legislation. Depending on the aim of a publication – either to engage in the national debate or participate in an international academic discussion – researchers from the programme Fiscal Autonomy and its Boundaries (FA) use the most
171 See Cools, K., Geerts, P.G.F.A., Kroeze, M.J. & Pijls, A.C.W. (2009). Het recht van enquête; een empirisch onderzoek. (External report, IVO-reeks, no 65). Deventer: Kluwer. This analysis was the basis of the overhaul of the right of inquiry as implemented in 2013. 172 See, e.g., Tervoort, A.J.S.M. ( 17 October 2013). Het bestuursverbod bij de commanditaire vennootschap. EUR (404 pag.) (Deventer: Kluwer). This PhD-research impacted on case law through the decision of the Dutch Supreme Court of 29 May 2015 (NJ 2015/380), which dealt with a limited partner’s liability in a limited partnership. 173 See, e.g., Jongh, J.M de (23 January 2014). Tussen 'societas' en 'universitas'. De beursvennootschap en haar aandeelhouders in historisch perspectief. EUR (712 pag.). ). This PhD research that received the distinction cum laude impacted on case law through the decision of the Dutch Supreme Court of 4 April 2014 (NJ 2014/286), which dealt with standards of conduct applicable to corporate directors in a corporate setting. 174 See, e.g., NJ 2009/21 (Willemsen Beheer/Nom), NJ 2010/544 (ASMI), NJ 2011/55 (Silver Lining Finance/Perstorp Waspik), NJ 2011/211 (KPNQwest), NJ 2013/353 (Van der Meer q.q./Pieper), NJ 2014/296 (Slotervaartziekenhuis), NJ 2014/309 (Econcern), NJ 2014/325 (Maas q.q./K.), NJ 2014/389 (Novero), NJ 2015/231 (Rifgat), NJ 2015/241 (Carlande), NJ 2015/380 (Katterug), NJ 2016/425 (Yukos). 175 Fontaine, M. and De Ly, F., La redacción de contratos internacionales. Análisis de cláusulas, Madrid, Civitas Thomson Reuters, 2013, 720 pp. 176 See, e.g., treatises on company law (Assink, B.F. (2013), Compendium Ondernemingsrecht, Deventer: Kluwer) and intellectual property law (Cohen Jehoram, T., Nispen, C. van & Huydecoper, T. (2010). European Trademark Law: Community Trademark Law and Harmonized National Trademark Law. Deventer: Kluwer). 177 See the contributions by the ESL researchers X.E. Kramer, M.J. Kroeze (with H. Beckman & M.A. Verbrugh), A.M. van Mierlo and N. van Tiggele-van der Velde. 178 Such as Ondernemingsrecht (Prof. M.J. Kroeze (chair) and Prof. J.B.S. Hijink) and WPNR (Prof. L. Timmerman and Prof. A.I.M. van Mierlo), to name just two. Reference is made to the c.v.'s of participating researchers. 179 Such as the Commissie Vennootschapsrecht (Prof. M.J. Kroeze) and the Monitoring Committee Corporate Governance Code (Prof. H.M. Vletter-van Dort), to name just two. Reference is made to the c.v.'s of participating researchers.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 81 appropriate outlet (international or national, and academic, professional or popular). Most well-read national and international tax journals are not exclusively academic as they are also read by tax professionals in private practice, the judiciary, the tax administration, and the Ministry of Finance. The latter monitors national journals more closely which is why those forums are more appropriate when it is the aim of a publication to have an impact on national legislation and case law. Consequently, ESL researchers working in this area choose to disseminate their output in a large variety of ways, including international180 and national181 academic publications, professional182 and popular183 publications, contributions to encyclopaedic on line tax databases (such as the Dutch Fiscale Encyclopedie de Vakstudie or Nederlandse Documentatie Fiscaal Recht), and through annotations in, for example, the VN or NTFR. The national research output, including annotations, of ESL researchers is regularly used by and referred to by a Dutch court or an advocate general at the Supreme Court when delivering a decision or opinion on tax cases.184 More in general, valorisation is second nature to the tax law researchers of ESL.185 Politicians as well as the media regularly invite members of the research group to comment on tax issues. As a follow up to his inaugural lecture, Reinout Kok was invited by the Netherlands Court of Audit [Algemene Rekenkamer] in preparation for one of their reports in 2014.186 He is, together with Sigrid Hemels, also a member of the Committee of the Dutch Association of Tax Lawyers, which provides comments on new tax legislation and decrees.187 Said Committee is very influential in the Parliament’s legislative process; both Members of Parliament as the Minister of Finance
180 For example, Graaf, A.C.G.A.C. de, Haan, P.M. & Wilde, M.F. de (2014). Fundamental Change in Countries' Corporate Tax Framework Needed to Properly Address BEPS. Intertax, 42(May), 306-316; Bont, G.J.M.E. de & Hel-van Dijk, E.C.J.M. van der (2013). Exchange of information and cross-border cooperation between tax authorities. In: Exchange of Information and Cross Border Cooperation between tax authorities (IFA Cahier, volume 98b), 549-566, Den Haag: SDU, Hemels, S.J.C. & Monsma, A.P. (2015). Housing taxation: the special case of the Netherlands. Bulletin for International Taxation, 69 (8), 463-474; Evers, M. (2013). Tracing the Origins of the Netherlands' Tax Treaty Network. Intertax, 41(6/7), p.375-386. 181 For example, Stevens, A.J.A. (2015). Enige internationaalrechtelijke, fiscale aspecten van personenvennootschappen. Tijdschrift Fiscaal Ondernemingsrecht, 2015/140, Kok, Q.W.J.C.H. (2015). De fiscale eenheid in het licht van het EU-recht na de arresten Groupe Steria en Finanzamt Linz. Maandblad Belastingbeschouwingen, 2015 (12), 379-387, Bont, G.J.M.E. de & Pelinck, M.J. (2014). Bedrijfsopvolgingsfaciliteit in het successierecht; post mortem van het gelijkheidsbeginsel. Weekblad voor Privaatrecht, Notariaat en Registratie (WPNR), 2014 (7027), 679-684, Feteris, M.W.C. (2014). Beroep in cassatie in belastingzaken (Fiscale monografieën, deel 142). Deventer: Kluwer; Evers, M., Graaf, A.C.G.A.C. de & Stevens, A.J.A. (2011). Zembla-uitzending 'Nederland belastingparadijs' nader beschouwd, Maandblad Belastingbeschouwingen 2011/2, ,59-75, Q.W.J.C.H. Kok, 'De onmogelijkheid van een grensoverschrijdende fiscale eenheid in de vennootschapsbelasting', WFR 2010/607. 182 Arends, A.J.M. (2015). Wat ontbreekt bij versoepeling gevolgen aflossingsachterstand en superdividend? Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Fiscaal Recht, 2015 (2609), 1-5, Schep, A.W. (2015). Meer democratie met lokale belastingen: be careful what you wish for. Vakstudie Nieuws, 2015 (28.0), Hemels, S.J.C. (2015). Anbi-aandachtspunten voor de belastingadviseur. Het Register - Vaktijdschrift van het Register Belastingadviseurs, 2015 (3), 34-39. 183 For example, Arends, A.J.M. (27-11-2011). Wees de fiscus te snel af. Financieel dagblad 40-41; Hemels, S.J.C. (26-09-2011). Die belastingaftrek komt niet ten goede aan de kunst. NRC Handelsblad; Hemels, S.J.C. & Schuyt, T. (15-04-2011). Niet morrelen aan de giftenaftrek. Financieel Dagblad; Hemels, S.J.C. (2014). Politiek moet filantropische sector beschermen en loslaten http://www.socialevraagstukken.nl/politiek-moet-filantropische-sector-beschermen-en-loslaten/, 184 For example, a rough search on ‘rechtspraak.nl’ on the full name of researchers who are not a deputy judge yielded the following result: on 10 October 2016, 64 hits on the search term ’H.P.A.M. van Arendonk’; 35 on ’Q.W.J.C.H. Kok’ ; 35 on ’A.C.G.A.C. de Graaf’; 25 on ’A.J.A. Stevens’, and 25 on ’S.J.C. Hemels’. 185 The annual reports of the FA research programme give an illustrated overview of these activities under the headings ‘invloed op overheidsbeleid’ and ‘optredens in de media’. This report mentions a few examples. 186 Belastingontwijking; Een verdiepend onderzoek naar belastingontwijking in relatie tot de fiscale regels en het verdragennetwerk, Algemene Rekenkamer 2014. 187 Commissie wetsvoorstellen Nederlandse Orde van Belastingadviseurs, http://www.nob.net/nob/commissie-wetsvoorstellen.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 82 regularly refer to these comments, allowing them to have an important impact. Another example is the new German-Netherlands Double Tax Treaty. In 2012, Ton Stevens, Maikel Evers and Dick Molenaar all published on this topic.188 In 2014, Ton Stevens was subsequently invited to an expert meeting of the Dutch Parliament on this new tax treaty, and he was also interviewed by the press.189 Also, Maarten de Wilde’s PhD thesis ‘Sharing the Pie; Taxing Multinationals in a Global Market’, which received the distinction cum laude in 2015 attracted much attention of policymakers. He was invited to give a presentation on fair tax competition to the Interparliamentary Conference on Stability, Economic Coordination and Governance in the European Union (organised by the Luxembourg EU presidency), taught a course on taxation of multinationals to high ranking civil servants of the Ethiopian Ministry of Justice, gave a lecture with Jan van de Streek (UvA/ACTL) at a workshop to high-ranking civil servants of the Slovakian Ministry of Finance on taxation of multinationals, and lectured on his PhD thesis at the invitation of the Dutch tax administration (transfer pricing coordination group). Additionally, the press interviewed him on his PhD thesis.190 Disseminating research on fiscal autonomy in relation to art, culture and philanthropy has top priority as philanthropy and art subsidies are high on the policy agenda. Said dissemination takes various forms, and has different target groups: government bodies have been addressed, for example, by workshops upon invitation for the Dutch tax administration;191 meetings by invitation with the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Culture,192 and DG TAXUD of the European Commission;193 interviews by the Wetenschappelijke Raad voor het Regeringsbeleid (WRR) both on their research on philanthropy and on incentives for culture;194 and contributions to brochures of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.195 Art and philanthropy professionals have been reached by publications, engagement in expert groups, and presentations.196 The general public is also
188 Stevens, A.J.A. & Spierts, E. (2012), Abkommensberechtigung, Unternehmensgewinne und Kapitaleinkünfte im neuen DBA NL 2012, In Vol. 9.5.2012. NWB – IWB, p. 1-7, Evers, M. (2012), Weekblad voor Fiscaal Recht, De relatie met Duitsland en de geboorte van het Nederlandse fiscale verdragsbeleid, Weekblad Fiscaal Recht, 6949, p. 501-512, 1, Evers, M. (2013). Tracing the Origins of the Netherlands' Tax Treaty Network. Intertax, 41(6/7), 12p., 375-386; Molenaar, D. (2012), ‘Artiesten en Sporters (artikel 16)’, Maandblad Belastingbeschouwingen, 2012(7-8), p. 297-301. 189 Verdrag met Duitsland kent de nodige rafels, Financieel Dagblad16 januari 2014. 190 http://fd.nl/economie-politiek/1088569/voorstel-winstbelastingheffing-bevordert-investeringsklimaat. 191 Sigrid Hemels, 17 April 2015, workshop on exchange of views regarding the ANBI for the ANBI Team of the Dutch tax administration; Sigrid Hemels, 10 maart 2015, Kunst, goede doelen en Zeer Vermogende Personen (ZVP) workshop for the Team ZVP of the Dutch tax administration, on 24 April 2014. Sigrid Hemels was invited by the head of the ANBI team of the Dutch tax administration and two of his senior team members following her annotation in NTFR 2014/1034. 192 On 17 June 2013 and 8 May 2014, Sigrid Hemels and Dick Molenaar had, together with Alexander Rinnooy Kan (UvA), Herman van Kesteren (Tilburg University en PwC) and Anita Nijboer (PwC), a meeting with several civil servants of the Ministry of Finance on tax issues relating to the cultural sector. In the autumn of 2013, Sigrid Hemels participated in a meeting between tax lawyers and the tax administration on issues regarding new transparency rules for charities. In 2011 and 2012, Dick Molenaar and Sigrid Hemels were invited to several meetings with civil servants of the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Culture and the tax administration on the Charitable Giving Act [Geefwet]. 193 Dick Molenaaron the taxation of artists, 14 October 2011. 194 Sigrid Hemels 21 May 2015 and 27 January 2014. 195 In 2011, Sigrid Hemels contributed to the brochures ‘Geven aan wetenschappelijk onderzoek: de fiscale voordelen van uw gift’, and ‘Geven aan cultuur: de fiscale voordelen van uw gift’, both published by Ministry of Education, Culture and Science. 196 For example, the Dutch contribution to the European Foundation Centre’s 2015 Comparative Highlights of Foundation Laws publication http://www.efc.be/publication/comparative-highlights-of- foundation-laws-the-operating-environment-for-foundations-in-europe-2/; involvement of Sigrid Hemels, Dick Molenaar, Renate Buijze and Najat Idrissi in discussions on various subjects such as on a new quality mark for charities (valorisatiestelsel), the cultural governance code, a fundraising code, and presentations to the cultural sector such as Molenaar, D. (6 July 2015). Artist tax, social security and VAT. Avignon (FR), European Theatre Academy (ETC), Molenaar, D. (30 January 2015). Workshop on Artist Taxation. Brussels, Kaaitheater, European Festival Association, Dick Molenaar 1 December 2012 Kunsten ’92/FNV Kiem/BBK debate “Cultureel ondernemerschap in de knel?” in Arti et Amicitiae in Amsterdam and Dick Molenaar (14 January 2012). Hoe benut je optimaal de Geefwet? Groningen, Eurosonic Noorderslag Seminar, Dick
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 83 very interested in this subject and has been reached both through the media and presentations.197 A book Sigrid Hemels published on private patronage even became a news item in its own respect in newspapers, on radio and in an RTL television news bulletin in 2010.198 Sigrid Hemels and Dick Molenaar contributed to several comments on draft legislation and draft decrees regarding charities and gift deduction, which resulted in changes to said legislation and decrees.199 In 2015, Sigrid Hemels was ranked number 50 out of the 100 most influential people in philanthropy in the Netherlands.200 As the number of students in the bachelor’s and master’s programme in tax law at all universities (including ESL) increases, it is also deemed important to disseminate knowledge through text books. Several researchers have contributed to such books.201 Some text book series such as Wegwijs and Cursus Belastingrecht are held in such esteem that these are also used by tax professionals, including lawmakers and the judiciary.
In addition to ESL’s research programmes, the visibility and impact of research conducted by ESL researchers is also achieved through the European Research Centre for Economic and Financial Governance (EURO-CEFG),202 which aims at helping to bridge the communication gap, particularly between economists, legal specialists, policymakers and lawmakers. This
Molenaar Vereniging van Nederlandse Poppodia: “Anbi-status en vennootschapsbelasting” 31 augustus 2011. 197 For example, Sigrid Hemels: Mecenaat mede mogelijk gemaakt door de fiscus. NRC Café Amsterdam, Interview with Sigrid Hemels in ‘De Kennis van Nu’ NTR, Radio 5, 24 April 2014, Quote in K. Broekhuizen ‘Aanval op giftenaftrek ligt gevoelig bij vrijgevige organisaties’ the Financieele Dagblad 28 April 2014, M. Kruijt, ‘Leuker kunnen we ’t wel maken’, de Volkskrant 25 July 2014, Hemels, S.J.C. (26-09-2011). Die belastingaftrek komt niet ten goede aan de kunst. NRC Handelsblad en Hemels, S.J.C. & Schuyt, T. (15- 04-2011). Niet morrelen aan de giftenaftrek. Financieel Dagblad, Hemels, S.J.C. (2015, September 22). Quotes in C. Kammer, E. van Outeren, A. Ribbens, R. Rijghard en S. Smallenburg, '160 miljoen euro voor onbetaalbare kwaliteit'. NRC Handelsblad / NRC next, pp. 10-11; Hemels, S.J.C. (25 August 2015). Quotes in M. Kruijt en R. Pontzen, 'Rijks aast op dubbel-Rembrandt'. De Volkskrant, pp. 3; Hemels, S.J.C. (25 August 2015,), Hemels, S.J.C. (19-10-2012). Quotes in 'Plan voor afschaffing giftenaftrek rammelt' (front page), and in Eduard Sloot and Aaldert van Soest 'Giftenaftrek is investering' (page 3). Nederlands Dagblad, 2011, Hemels, S.J.C. (2011) Item over Geefwet [television broadcast]. In 1Vandaag. Nederland 1 (12 October 2011) Hemels, S.J.C. (2011). Interview over de nieuwe Geefwet [radio broadcast]. In De Ochtend van 4. Radio 4 (31 October 2011), Hemels, S.J.C. (2011). 'Geven is een menselijke handeling, geen fiscale', interview door M. Goudswaard. Financieele Dagblad: (16 July 2011), Hemels, S.J.C. (2011). Quotes in A. Grotenhuis 'Schenk die Van der Leck en ontvang belastingbonus', NRC Handelsblad: (26 February 2011), Hemels, S.J.C. (2011). Quotes in C. Kammer en E. van der Walle, 'Vanavond debat over Geefwet. Deel Kamer wil lagere drempel voor giftenaftrek'. NRC Handelsblad: (15 November 2011), Hemels, S.J.C. (2011). Quotes in C. Kammer, 'Wordt de Geefwet een kunstcollectebus?'. NRC Handelsblad/NRC Next: ( 13 October 2011 – 18 October 2011), Hemels, S.J.C. (2011). Quotes in K. Knols 'Kamer heeft forse kritiek op Geefwet'. de Volkskrant: (15 October 2011), Hemels, S.J.C. (2011). Quotes in M. Bolwijn, 'Kabinet maakt doneren aan kunstsector fiscaal voordeliger' De Volkskrant: (17 September 2011, ), Hemels, S.J.C. (2011). Quotes in V. de Kok 'Goede doelen en musea de dupe'. de Volkskrant: (9 December 2011), Hemels, S.J.C. (2011). 'Terugtrekken van de overheid is kans die vrolijk moet stemmen', interview door A. Grotenhuis. NRC Handelsblad: (29 April 2011). 198 Hemels, S.J.C. en Grapperhaus, F.H.M. (2010). Mecenaat en fiscus, 66 pp., Kluwer: Deventer ISBN 978- 90-130-7857-2, Interview in RTL Nieuws 28 October 2010 regarding the book ‘Mecenaat en fiscus’,- ‘De meeste gevers zijn al blij met een bedankje. Sigrid Hemels, hoogleraar belastingrecht, over het gebrek aan ervaring in de kunst met mecenaat’ R. Hollak, interview in NRC Handelsblad 27 oktober 2010, Interview in Radio 1 news bulletin of 27 October 2010 on ‘Mecenaat en fiscus’, Quotes in ‘klappen op te vangen met giften’ en ‘De Mecenas is niet uitgenodigd’, M. Bolwijn in de Volkskrant (nieuwspagina en kunstbijlage) 22 oktober 2010. 199 For example: in 2015 draft decree on gift deduction in corporate income tax (final decree: Staatscourant [2015, no. 32996); in 2014, draft decree on gift deduction in personal income tax (final decree: Staatscourant 2014, no. 36877); in 2012, draft implementation Decrees regarding tax requirements on charities; in 2011, draft legislation Geefwet (final legislation: Staatsblad 2011, 641) and draft implementation Decree regarding tax requirements on charities. 200 Filanthropium jaargids voor de Nederlandse filantropiesector, De Dikke Blauwe www.dedikkeblauwe.nl. 201 For example, Van Arendonk, Arends, de Graaf, Kok, Makkinga, Van Sonderen, de Wilde. 202 http://www.euro-cefg.eu. For a description of the substantive focus of EURO-CEFG please see Narrative 1.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 84 strategic aim of the Centre is pursued along two basic routes. Firstly, a regular dialogue between academics, officials from EU institutions, and representatives of the leading think tanks in Brussels has been established in the form of the so-called ‘Brussels EURO CEFG Expert Dialogues on Economic Governance’, which is organised biannually. It is based on a current topic that is on the policy agenda, and includes briefings from two experts with different disciplinary backgrounds.203 Moreover, ESL researchers increasingly participate in drafting expert reports for the European Parliament‘s Directorate-General for Internal Policies on topics closely related to economic and financial governance,204 and they engage in debates with national and European policy- and decision-makers.205
Research output of the Erasmus China Law Centre’s reflects ESL’s approach to international and national dissemination of knowledge and ideas from a practical standpoint. Internationally, court-related research has recently resulted in two books: Yuwen Li’s monograph on the judicial system and its reform in China,206 and an edited volume on convergence and divergence of administrative litigation systems in nine jurisdictions (mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, the Netherlands, Germany, England and Wales, Poland, and Romania).207 The edited volume is the result of a successful collaboration between Chinese and European legal scholars aiming at promoting EU-China comparative legal studies. Furthermore, the Centre contributed to international publications by examining legal developments in China in a global context.208 Taking into account the connectivity of domestic foreign-investment law and international investment law, the researchers of the China Law Centre embarked upon interdisciplinary research in the field of foreign investment law in China, comparative investment law, and international investment law. The initial study has already resulted in some international publications.209 Yuwen Li’s research achievement
203 http://www.euro-cefg.eu/activities/brussels-euro-cefg-expert-dialogue 204 See F. Amtenbrink, N. Blokker, S. van den Bogaert, A. Cuyvers, K. Heine, C. Hillion, J. Kantorowicz, H. Lenk and R. Repasi, 'The European Union's Role in International Economic Fora - The G20' (2015), available at http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/542207/IPOL_STU(2015)542207_EN.pdf; R. Repasi, 'Implementation of the Lisbon Treaty – Improving Functioning of the EU: Economic and Monetary Policy' (2016), available at http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2016/556952/IPOL_STU(2016)556952_EN.pdf; W. Geursen and R. Repasi, 'Influence of EU law on Taxation in the EU Member States' Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies' (2016), available at http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2016/578989/IPOL_IDA(2016)578989_EN.pdf; F. Amtenbrink, A. Karatzia and R. Repasi, 'Renegotiation by the United Kingdom of its Constitutional Relationship with the European Union: Issues related to the Economic Governance' (2016); available at http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2016/556959/IPOL_STU(2016)556959_EN.pdf 205 E.g. F. Amtenbrink and R. Repasi were invited by the Dutch Central Bank (De Nederlandse Bank) in February 2015 to organise a workshop on legal challenges the ECB faces in its role in crisis management & financial supervision. In 2014, F. Amtenbrink was invited on several occasions to participate in an expert exchange of ideas organised by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs. F. Amtenbrink and R. Repasi were invited to give testimony at the European Parliament on the EU’s role in the G20 (17 June 2015), on the Lisbon Treaty’s potential for reforming EMU (26 May 2015), on the legal status of the Eurogroup (5 May 2015), on judicial protection against austerity measures (23 June 2015), and on the Brexit (5 September 2016). F. Amtenbrink was invited for a public hearing (rondetafelgesprek) at the Dutch House of Representatives (Tweede Kamer) on the legal aspects of unconventional monetary policy measures of the ECB (13 April 2016). R. Repasi was invited to the Annual Congress of the Union of European Federalists to present ideas on how to improve the EU Economic Governance Framework (11 June 2016). 206 Y. Li (2014), The Judicial System and Reform in Post-Mao China: Stumbling Towards Justice, (UK: Ashgate, 283 pp). 207 Y. Li (ed.) (2014), Administrative Litigation Systems in Greater China and Europe, (UK: Ashgate, 265 pp). 208 Y. Li, ‘China’s Changing Judicial System in the Time of Globalization: Challenges of Integrating International Standards and the National Realities’, in Sharif Bhuiyan, Philippe Sands and Nico Schrijver (eds.), International Law and Developing Countries, (The Netherlands: Brill/Nijhoff, 2014), pp. 288-304. 209 Y. Li and C. Bian, ‘A New Dimension of Foreign Investment Law in China - Evolution and Impacts of the National Security Review System’, Asia Pacific Law Review (Nov. 2016); Y. Li, ‘National Treatment in
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 85 has gained her some international recognition, including the opportunity to create her own series titled ‘The Rule of Law in China and Comparative Perspectives’ published by Ashgate in 2014; the appointment as a member of the China Committee at the KNAW commencing in 2012; being a member of the editorial board of the Chinese Journal of Comparative Law from 2013 onwards, et cetera. At a national level, the Erasmus China Law Centre is instrumental in providing the Dutch legal profession with up-to-date knowledge of and insights into new Chinese legislation that is of significant interest to the West such as foreign investment law, anti-corruption law, and anti-unfair competition law.210 In addition, publications in Dutch aim at attracting specific attention of the Dutch legal community to issues of fundamental importance for the rule of law.211
In conclusion, it may be observed that research output in the form of publications is no longer solely or even primarily intended for Dutch audiences. Instead, ESL researchers more consciously choose a publication strategy closer in line with the nature of their research and intended readership. The result is a mix of Dutch and English language publications in national and international realms. When specifically targeting national policymakers and legislators, as well as the legal profession, relevant research – in terms of academic and professional publications – is still preferably presented in national outlets. Yet, in addition to researchers who have been traditionally oriented towards international forums, such as those working on international and European law and criminology, also other researchers increasingly consider international publications as an appealing option. This increasing impact of international and European laws and standards on even the most remote areas of domestic law is also recognised by the focus of the ESL research programmes. Said shift towards an internationalisation of research may be explained by a growing engagement with other disciplines. Exemplary in this regard is the ESL research programme BACT, which has successfully internationalised an area of law that – despite growing EU influence – is traditionally considered a bulwark of national law. Other areas of law where such broadening of perspectives may be noted include those represented in the LM and FA programmes. Many activities suit ESL’s entrepreneurial profile ‘Where Law meets Business’. In addition to research output in the form of scientific publications, ESL researchers also apply their expertise by participating in consultations with and giving lectures for professional organisations, ranging from advice to Dutch ministries and the Parliament, to European institutions, both national and international training programmes, and various editorial and advisory boards. Recognition and the impact of research appear, amongst others, by means of invitations to give keynote speeches and make contributions to international academic conferences.212 Research output also finds its way, both nationally and internationally, into teaching and teaching materials used by academic peers. As demonstrated above, legal research at ESL is interwoven to such an extent with the practice and work of policymakers and lawmakers as well as with cooperation with the judiciary and legal practitioners, that by its very nature large areas of its legal research exercise a significant impact and enjoy visibility.
China’s Foreign Investment Law’, paper presented at conference of the European China Legal Studies Association in Hamburg, September 2015. 210 Y. Li and M. Kroeze, ‘The First Uniform Foreign Investment Law in China is in the Making’, in Ondernemingsrecht, No. 14, October 2015, pp. 504-509. 211 Y. Li, ‘Naar een onafhankelijke rechterlijke macht in China: een haalbare kaart?’, in Rechtsgeleerd Magazijn Themis, No. 5, October 2013, pp. 199-207. 212 See Part D of this report.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 86 Part C Key publications
Key publications
The VSNU Standard Evaluation Protocol 2015-2021 calls for the identification of the research unit’s five ‘most important scientific publications’ and its five most important ‘societal publications’ (p. 24). However, a clear definition of the term ‘societal’ and, moreover, a delineation from the term ‘scientific’ is not provided.213 As is explained in Part D of the self-assessment, Section 3.1. (Mission) and 3.3.1. (Establishing a distinct research profile for ESL), ESL aims at focusing on the study of law in an economic and social context. Law is perceived as being shaped by the economic and social context in which it operates and at the same time it is shaping society and defining economic relationships. Consequently, it is considered that scientific publications in line with the ESL research profile by their very nature should be geared towards contributing to the solving of problems that society faces. This then makes any differentiation between ‘scientific’ and ‘societal’ publications somewhat artificial and a classification of ESL key research output based on these categories somewhat arbitrary. For this reason it was decided to present all key publications in one category that comprises scientific publications with societal relevance.214 To the extent that societal relevance may also be defined in terms of impact, reference is presently made to the list of evidence on ESL’s indicators for quality and relevance in Part D.
Articles
Arcuri, A. (2015). The Transformation of Organic Regulation: The Ambiguous Effects of Publicization. Regulation and Governance, 9(2), 144-159. Impact factor JCR 2015 1.80 / Wash. & Lee 2015 0.19 This article has made a key contribution to the research on private actors and the rule of law, particularly because it examines the dynamic between private actors and a public framework. Arcuri argues that organic regulation displays the unique feature of applying public minimum standards to a self-regulatory regime. This involvement of public actors may legitimise private regulators while it simultaneously constrains their regulatory power. The discovery of such ambiguous effects is pivotal to understanding the dynamics of public and private regulation in a rule of law context.
Bunt, H.G. (2010). Walls of Secrecy and Silence. The Madoff case and cartels in the construction industry, Criminology & Public Policy, 9(3) 435-453. Impact factor JCR 2015 0.90 / Wash. & Lee 2015 0.06 Most analysts of the causes of major fraud scandals conclude that supervising agencies failed in their duties, and the remedy seems to be glaringly obvious: more and better regulation and supervision. However, this line of reasoning appears to be somewhat simplistic as it ignores the question of how illegal activities can remain hidden from supervising agencies, victims and bystanders for many years. Moreover, the problem lies in successful concealment by the perpetrators of illegal activities and in the silence that reigns in their social environments.
213 The Discipline Protocol Evaluatie Rechtswetenschappelijk Onderzoek 2016 does not provide a definition either. 214 The total number of 38 selected key publications is based upon the average FTE research time in the period under review (Discipline Protocol 2015).
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 89 Desmet, P.T.M., Hoogervorst, N. & Dijke, M.H. van (2015). Prophets vs. Profits: How Market Competition influences Leaders’ Disciplining Behavior of ethical transgressions. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(6): 1034-1050 (Best paper award from the Academy of Management, Organizational Behavior Division). Impact factor Wash. & Lee 2015 0.01 A lot of research focuses on the importance of intra-organisational factors that determine unethical behaviour. This article shows that it is crucial to also take into account the market context in order to be able to understand ethical transgressions. Unravelling a neglected cause of unethical behaviour also provides leads to policymakers on how to address the challenge of fighting corporate unethical behaviour.
Dorn, N. (2010). The Governance of Securities. Ponzi Finance, Regulatory Convergence, Credit Crunch. British Journal of Criminology, 50(1), 23-45. Impact factor JCR 2015 1.44 / Wash. & Lee 2015 0.04 Rallying against calls for a tightening of convergence between regulatory regimes, the paper argues for regulatory diversity and democratic steering of regulatory agencies that, as a consequence, dilutes if not displaces the currently dominant notion of financial market regulation as a purely ‘technical’ discourse. In concrete terms, this implies shifting systemic regulatory oversight responsibilities away from ‘independent’ agencies and towards government bodies and/or departments that are accountable to their parliaments and electorates.
Engel, C.W. (2015) Tacit Collusion. The Neglected Experimental Evidence. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 12(3), 537-577. Impact factor JCR 2015 1.38 / Wash. & Lee 2015 0.75 Based on meta–analysis, this high-ranking journal article argues that antitrust authorities seem to have neglected the findings of experimental research carried out by economists for over 50 years on what antitrust authorities aim to achieve. They endeavour to prohibit mergers not only if the merged entity in and of itself is no longer sufficiently controlled by competition, but also if the market structure changes post-merger to such an extent that ’tacit collusion’ or ’coordinated effects’ becomes disturbingly probable. This article bridges an important gap between the existing knowledge of legislators and regulators on the one hand and experimental economic research on the other.
Fibbe, G.K., & Stevens, A.J.A. (2011). Taxation of hybrid entities under the Parent-Subsidiary Directive: the example of the Netherlands, EC Tax Review, 20(5), p. 242-254. Impact factor Wash. & Lee 2015 0.01 This important publication was followed by the book ‘Hybrid Entities and the EU Direct Tax Directives’, edited by both authors, in 2015. Hybrid entities are one of the subjects of the OECD’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) initiative. The article and the book have therefore been not only important from an academic point of view, but have also had a societal impact.
Gaakeer, A.M.P. (2011). The Future of Literary-Legal Jurisprudence: Mere Theory or Just Practice? Law and Humanities, 5(1), 185-196. Impact factor Wash. & Lee 2015 0.03 In this article, Gaakeer highlights the importance of the bond between law and the humanities (in particular literature) for the law practice. She develops a methodological framework on the basis of a review of various conceptualizations of the link between law and literature and shows how this relates to the practical art of judging. In 2013, Gaakeer received the James Boyd White award for her contributions to the field of law and the humanities.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 90 Graaf, A.C.G.A.C. de, Haan, P.M. & Wilde, M.F. de (2014). Fundamental Change in Countries' Corporate Tax Framework Needed to Properly Address BEPS. Intertax, 42(5), 306-316. This article addresses, both from an academic and a practical point of view, the very hot topic of how to tax multinational companies. It builds on the OECD’s BEPS project, but also analyses the areas in which the solutions of this project are not going to be enough. It proposes a rather radical change in the allocation of profits. The article is a joint effort of two researchers of the Fiscal Autonomy programme and a practitioner, who all have a lot of experience in the area. It also applies insights from Maarten de Wilde’s PhD research that received the distinction cum laude.
Hemels, S.J.C. & Fabbri, M. (2013). 'Do You Want a Receipt?' Combating VAT and RST Evasion with Lottery Tickets. Intertax, 41(8/9), 430-443. This double blind peer-reviewed article by researchers of two different research programs of ESL (FA and BACT) is truly interdisciplinary. It uses insights it obtained from economics, applies these to the area of tax law, and combines the insights offered by both areas. The article is not only important from an academic point of view, but it also has practical relevance: the government seeks ways to increase VAT compliance and to decrease the VAT gap.
Henrard, K.A.M. (2015). How the European Court of Human Rights' concern regarding European consensus tempers the effective protection of freedom of religion. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 4(3), 398-420. Impact factor Wash. & Lee 2015 0.08 In this article, Henrard links the protection of religious freedom, which is a key element in multicultural societies, to the argumentation of the European Court of Human Rights. She highlights the problematic use of the argument of consensus as a way to avoid difficult decisions, and by doing so, she gives insight into the mechanisms of international rule of law in the context of human rights protection.
Kramer, X.E. (2011). Cross-border Enforcement in the EU: Mutual Trust versus Fair Trial? Towards Principles of European Civil Procedure. International Journal of Procedural Law, 2011(2), 202-230. This article analyses whether further harmonisation of civil procedure in the European Union is required. Such harmonisation might be necessary as a consequence of the policy aim to fully abolish the exequatur, most notably within the context of, what was then called, the Brussels I Regulation. Cross-border litigation is traditionally resolved by private international law instruments, and the abolition of the exequatur requirement as the new standard for cross-border enforcement in the EU requires a deliberation on the harmonisation of certain elements of national civil procedure. A premise of mutual trust underlies said abolition. However, without clear EU rules as to what constitutes a fair trial, mutual trust may be little more than a hollow phrase. This article addresses the policy and regulatory framework regarding cross-border enforcement of judgments and the concepts of mutual trust and fair trial, and it deliberates what type of harmonised rules are required to facilitate and legitimise the abolition of an exequatur in order to enhance cross-border litigation.
Mascini, P. (2013). Why was the enforcement pyramid so influential? And what price was paid? Regulation & Governance, 7 (1), 48-60. Impact factor JCR 2015 1.80 / Wash. & Lee 0.19 This article appeared in a special issue that critically appraised the policy theory of Responsive Regulation. Although Responsive Regulation includes much more than the enforcement pyramid, it is this pyramid that has received most attention from academics and practitioners. The article argues that, because Responsive Regulation has largely been reduced to the enforcement pyramid, the relevant literature has neglected normative issues surrounding the regulation of capitalist economies that were central to Ayres and Braithwaite. As such, the
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 91 article contributes to the understanding of the diffusion and transformation of one of the most influential policy theories of the last 25 years on regulation and governance.
Mevis, P.A.M., Noyon, L., Marle, H.J.C. van & Wolf, M.J.F. van der (2015). De discussie over neurowetenschap en strafrecht: een overzicht en een richting. Delikt en Delinkwent, 45(34), 343-362. This invited paper analyses the international discussion on the possible influence of the outcome of neuroscientific research as well as the role neuroscientific expert testimony already plays in courtrooms, predominantly in the Netherlands. It argues with the help of an interdisciplinary approach (the authors represent the fields of criminal law, psychiatry, psychology and criminology) that Dutch doctrine concerning criminal responsibility in particular, which is viewed as a gradual concept, possesses features that can incorporate the findings from neuroscientific research applied to individual cases. At the request of the editor, the paper is now being adapted for publication in the Journal of the American Academy of Law and Psychiatry.
Pacces, A.M. & Romano, A. (2015). A Strict Liability Regime for Credit Rating Agencies. American Business Law Journal, 54(4), 673-720. Impact factor JCR 2015 1.42 / Wash. & Lee 2015 1.21 This study, which is an exemplary law and economics study, describes the incentives that a mitigated strict liability regime for credit rating agencies has created. As a result, the paper provides a thorough theoretical contribution to the political and academic debate on how to improve the incentives of CRAs to produce accurate ratings. This international and interdisciplinary study on financial regulation lies at the heart of ESL’s mission.
Raub, W., Buskens, V.W., & Frey, V. (2013). The Rationality of Social Structure: Cooperation in Social Dilemmas through Investments in and Returns on Social Capital. Social Networks (Online), 35(4), p. 720-732. Impact factor JCR 2015 2.00 This article in a high-ranking journal sets out a game-theoretic model that helps to mitigate social dilemmas with the aid of social structure in the sense of a network of relations between actors. The network has come into being as a result of incentives of modeling actors to establish it. As this network helps to mitigate social dilemmas, it constitutes social capital. Thus, investments in and returns on social capital in social dilemmas are analysed and the value of social capital is characterised. The model covers a class of social-dilemma games including the Trust Game, the Investment Game, the Prisoner's Dilemma, and the two-actor Public Goods Game. As such, the study makes a valuable contribution by demonstrating how social structure can help to induce cooperative behaviour.
Smeele, F.G.M. (2015) ‘Legal Conceptualisations of the freight forwarder. Some comparative reflections on the disunified law of forwarding’, Journal of International Maritime law (JIML), 21(6), p. 445-459. Under a forwarding contract, a forwarder may simultaneously act in several capacities. As principal to the forwarding contract, he undertakes to arrange for the dispatch of the goods. As direct agent or commission agent of the client, he may enter into contracts of carriage and other contracts ancillary to the transport, such as storage and stevedoring services. It depends on the applicable law whether a forwarder acting in this capacity is or may be liable as guarantor or surety for the performance of said contracts by third parties, or whether he is not liable as he is only acting as agent or commission agent. To the extent that a forwarder performs one or more stages of a transport or any ancillary tasks in relation to it - such as storage, loading, stowage and discharge, packaging and labelling - the forwarder is responsible, as principal, for the fulfilment of his obligations. Finally, if it is held that, under a contract, the forwarder has assumed responsibility for the carriage of goods, he will be
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 92 considered carrier under the contract of carriage. The liability regimes that apply to the performance of these roles are not necessarily the same.
Struijk, S. (2015). Punishing Repeat Offenders in the Netherlands: Balancing between Incapacitation and Treatment, Behavioral Sciences & The Law, 33(1), 148-166. Impact factor JCR 2015 1.44 / Wash. & Lee 2015 0.08 Recidivism is a world-wide problem and one every criminal-justice system seeks a solution to. Contributing to the international academic debate, this article provides a thorough analysis of the Dutch solution, both in the present and the past. Struijk analysed more than a century of legislation, policy, and case law, and she concludes not only that the punishment of repeat offenders constantly balances between incapacitation and treatment, but also that the legislator, the policymakers, and the judiciary hold divergent views on this matter.
Swaaningen, R. van & Beyens, K. (2015). Academische cultuur en wetenschappelijk wangedrag – en wat de relatie daartussen is. Tijdschrift over Cultuur en Criminaliteit, 5(1), 3-21. In order to expand the opportunities to publish on qualitative criminological research in Dutch, we co-founded the Netherlands-Flemish journal of cultural criminology, the Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit in 2011. In 2015, a remarkable special issue was published on academic fraud – edited by Beyens (Free University Brussels) and Van Swaaningen (ESL) – that as far as we are concerned merits the attention. This issue examines the questions why scientific misconduct has become a subject of criminological research and how scientific misconduct relates to a production-oriented academic culture. Many authors point at undesirable side-effects of an emerging culture of mistrust and control in academia, including socially disengaged, highly predictable and little innovative research. The issue concludes with a plea to recapture a truly academic culture.
Temperman, J.D. (2010). State Neutrality in Public School Education. Human Rights Quarterly, 2010(32), 866-898. Impact factor JCR 2015 0.84 / Wash. & Lee 2015 0.08 One of the central issues of the rule of law in relation to multiculturalisation is the role of the state in safeguarding plurality of multicultural societies. Temperman’s article addresses this issue in the context of education: one of the key areas that was high on the agenda. He considers the main problem areas with regard to education and argues that human rights law supports a strictly neutral approach to religious instruction in public schools, which provides a plurality of religious views.
Wilde, M.F. de & Nijkeuter, E. (2013). FII 2 and the Applicable Freedoms of Movement in Third Country Situations. EC Tax Review, 22(5), 250-257. Impact factor Wash. & Lee 2015 0.01 The very important EU tax law topic of ’Is there a priority between the freedoms?’ is considered in this frequently cited article. This topic has been talking point both for academics and practitioners in tax law in the past few years as the Court of Justice of the European Union was not clear on this. Sigrid Hemels et al. published two articles on this topic in 2010 and De Wilde and Nijkeuter published two earlier articles in 2013.
Books/monographs
Assink, B.F. (2013). Compendium Ondernemingsrecht (Deel 1-3). Deventer: Kluwer. The defining tension in company law and corporate governance is the interplay between facilitation and regulation of entrepreneurship through company law and corporate governance, to promote sustainable creation of wealth and help prevent destruction of wealth. Taking that defining tension as a central theme, this treatise of over 3,000 pages
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 93 covers the many facets of Dutch company law and corporate governance, while having a keen eye for influences from non-legal realms including economy and social psychology. It has quickly become a standard reference on Dutch company law and corporate governance, used by practitioners and scholars.
Boom, W.H. van, Giesen, I. & Verheij, A.J. (2013). Capita Civilologie: Handboek Empirie en Privaatrecht. Den Haag: BJU. This volume contains collected contributions that empirically assess what is known about the way in which private law plays out in practice, how legislators and judges build on presumptions of how litigants behave, and what the effects of private law are. It shows that much is still unknown, and hence proves the need to develop civilology (an empirical study of private law) in order for decisions made by the judiciary to become more evidence-based. This programmatic interdisciplinary study has been important in building a community of empirical scholars in private law. The volume effectively carves out a new field of research.
Burg, W. van der (2014). The Dynamics of Law and Morality. A Pluralist Account of Legal Interactionism. Farnham: Ashgate. Van der Burg’s monograph provides a theoretical framework for understanding problems of pluralism. The interactionist theory he proposes encompasses the notion of relative pluralism in law: seeing legal orders as open and embedded in society rather than conflicting necessarily with each other. His book puts the discussion on plurality in a legal theoretical framework, thus refining the conceptual base for the positive law scholarship on dynamic and plural legal orders. The book has been well-received, and the subject of various panels discussions and workshops at international forums.
Cools, K., Geerts, P.G.F.A., Kroeze, M.J. & Pijls, A.C.W. (2009). Het recht van enquête; een empirisch onderzoek. (External report, IVO-reeks, no 65). Deventer: Kluwer This volume provides empirical research and insight of the functioning of the Netherlands Enterprise Court at the Amsterdam Court of Appeal and the Netherlands Supreme Court in an important field of corporate litigation: inquiry proceedings. The first part contains all decisions in inquiry proceedings of the Enterprise Court and the Supreme Court in the period 1971- 2007. The second part provides an inventory of those decisions based on tailor-made questionnaires. The third part is dedicated to answering empirical questions and to explaining these findings as much as possible. This analysis contributed heavily to the overhaul of the right of inquiry by the Dutch legislator in 2013.
Kroeze, M.J., Beckman, H. & Verbrugh, M.A. (2015). Mr. C. Assers Handleiding tot beoefening van het Nederlands Burgerlijk Recht. 2. Rechtspersonenrecht. Deel 1. De Rechtspersoon. Deventer: Kluwer. This authoritative treatise is published in the well-known Asser Series on Dutch civil law. Its 1,100 pages discuss a wide range of Dutch and European aspects of company law (e.g. mergers and divisions, representation, decision-making, co-determination law, accounting law).
Legemaate, J., Ploem, M.C., Beijerse, J. uit, Mevis, P.A.M., Wolf, M.J.F. van der, Akerboom, C.P.M., Schol, M. & Winter, H (2014). Thematische wetsevaluatie gedwongen zorg (Evaluatie regelgeving). Den Haag: ZonMW. In September 2014, a report titled ‘Thematic Evaluation of the Laws on Coerced Care’ was published and presented to the Dutch government and Parliament. This truly interdisciplinary research was commissioned and funded by The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw), which is related to the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport. It was awarded to and carried out by a collaboration of researchers from the AMC/University of Amsterdam, Pro Facto Groningen, and the department of criminal law of
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 94 ESL. The evaluation incorporated Mental Health Law and Criminal Law (Forensic Care), and included both juveniles and adults. It focused on practical experiences with existing laws and the quality of proposed legislative changes. It adopted an empirical perspective for the former focus area, and a normative perspective, which included a framework of international human rights, for the latter. A distinctive element in the assignment was to identify possible areas for harmonisation of these laws, which in fact deal with similar problems within very different legal frameworks
Mak, E. (2013). Judicial Decision-Making in a Globalised World: A Comparative Analysis of the Changing Practices of Western Highest Courts (Hart Studies in Comparative Public Law). Oxford: Hart Publishing. This monograph studies the reactions of influential institutions in western judicial systems to the globalization of law. With the help of in-depth interviews with judges of the five highest courts, Mak shows how the individual approaches of high court judges exert a significant influence on the development of judicial internationalization. By combining a constitutional- law framework with qualitative research, Mak is able to argue that the formal binding character of international norms is of no considerable concern to the judges, who are primarily looking for arguments to support their decisions. Mak’s research was done with the help of an NWO Veni grant.
Book chapters
Staring, R.H.J.M. & Geelhoed, F. (2015). 'Nooit Nederlander genoeg'. Ontwikkelingen in de sociaal-culturele positie van Turks-Nederlandse jongeren, hun wereldbeelden en attitudes ten opzichte van (religieus geïnspireerd) geweld. In J. Dagevos (Ed.), Werelden van verschil, Over de sociaal-culturele afstand en positie van migrantengroepen (pp. 160- 219). Den Haag: SCP. This study is an example of academic research closely linked to important societal issues such as safety and security. The authors focus on Dutch young people of Turkish origin and their attitudes towards religiously inspired violence, identification, social networks, and exclusion. The study was carried out in the light of the ongoing public and political debate about the risks of radicalization and the wide gap between a substantial number of migrants and ‘mainstream’ Dutch society. That debate cannot be considered in isolation from the debate about the position of Muslims in the Netherlands and attitudes towards them. For this interdisciplinary project, 79 youngsters from a Turkish or Kurdish background, as well as 18 members of religious movements and 8 experts on Turkish-Dutch issues were interviewed. The report ‘Worlds of difference’ was offered to Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Social Affairs and Employment, Asscher on 18 December 2015.
Timmerman, L., Jongh, J.M. de & Schild, A.J.P. (2011). The Rise of the Social Enterprise: How Social Enterprises are Changing Company Law Worldwide. In S. Muller, S. Zouridis, M. Frishman & L. Kistemaker (Eds.), The law of the future and the future of the law (pp. 305- 322). Oslo: TOAEP, Torkel Opsahl Academic E publisher. As governments are faced with tight budgets, they are looking to the private sector to develop businesses that serve the interests of the public. Social entrepreneurship is gaining momentum as it enables people to make a living while simultaneously pursuing an objective that provides meaning to their lives. Legislators in many countries create specific legal entities to cater to the need for legal entities in which the dual purpose of social enterprises is regulated. Social enterprises confront two key challenges: a need for funding as well as a balancing of the interests of investors with a social purpose. Regarding the first challenge, the emergence of a social investment sector requires long-term commitment of government agencies. This contribution to an edited volume explores and explains the increasing popularity of social entrepreneurship, and includes an analysis of its company law implications.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 95 Edited volumes
Ambrus, M., Arts, K., Hey, E. & Raulus, H. (Eds.) (2014), The Role of 'Experts' in International and European Decision-Making Processes: Advisors, Decision Makers or Irrelevant Actors? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The issue of ‘experts’ is addressed in this volume. They constitute a particular and influential yet understudied group of private actors in the international domain, and their accountability is a key issue that arises from both their formal and informal involvement in decision-making. Said accountability generates tension between public expectations about holding experts to account and legal and regulatory frameworks that do not always address these concerns. Thus, this volume studies the relation between the rule of law and private actors in a setting that highlights accountability problems in international areas with high societal relevance.
Faure, M. & Xu, G. (2013). Economics and Regulation in China. London and New York: Routledge. This volume contributes to discussions on how ex-ante evaluation of legislative proposals and ex-post analysis may increase the effectiveness and efficiency of regulation with the help of economic tools, and it offers an understanding that goes beyond China’s special case. It also surpasses a traditional economic analysis of law as it focuses specifically on the question of how economic tools can guide the quality of legislation. As such, this interdisciplinary study makes an important scholarly contribution to the question of how to improve the quality of the legal institutions of a rapidly developing economy.
Kochenov, D. and Amtenbrink, F. (2014), The European Union’s Shaping of the International Legal Order, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. This edited volume traces the role of the EU as the co-creator of international law. It goes beyond the framework of the EU’s legal order itself, and in doing so, it shows how globalisation and denationalisation have also affected the shape of various international legal regimes. The volume particularly investigates the response of the EU to the global economic and financial crisis, highlighting the tension between the EU’s mission to promote its values and the realities of politics at the time of a crisis.
Van Erp, J. van, W. Huisman & G. vande Walle (eds.) (2015). The Routledge Handbook of White-Collar and Corporate Crime in Europe. London and New York: Routledge. In this study, Van Erp and the other editors managed to bring together many internationally recognised scholars on white-collar and corporate crime in one edited volume on the rather under-researched field of white-collar and corporate crime in Europe. This volume presents an overview of advanced research on white-collar crime in Europe and it does not focus on Anglo-American research. It is as such a profound example of academic research that studies law in its social and economic context as well as in an interdisciplinary setting.
Dissertations
Fabbri, M. (2014). Social Welfare and Behavioral Public Policies. EUR. Prom./coprom.: prof.mr.dr. L.T. Visscher. (cum laude) (ESL Elly Rood Dissertation Award). This study offers policy analysts an analytical framework for identifying, explaining and predicting non-standard behavioural regularities, which can be used to promote welfare- improving policies. It determines the way in which policy affects individuals’ well-being, and it introduces and discusses the problem of aggregation of individuals’ utility. Additionally, it discusses two innovative policies that make use of behavioural regularities in order to increase social welfare. This study convincingly shows that broadening a traditional law and economics approach by incorporating understanding from behavioural economics may significantly improve the analysis of how different legal rules affect incentives of individuals and/or groups.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 96 Jongh, J.M de (23 January 2014). Tussen 'societas' en 'universitas'. De beursvennootschap en haar aandeelhouders in historisch perspectief. EUR (712 pages) (Deventer: Kluwer). Prom./coprom.: prof.mr. L. Timmerman & prof.mr. J.H.A. Lokin (cum laude). This PhD study addresses questions about conflicts between shareholders and companies that lie at the heart of company law such as: what is the relation between a shareholder and the company; what duties does a director owe to his shareholders; how should the interest of the company be defined; do directors need to take into account other interests than the company’s; are shareholders well suited to prevent mismanagement by directors; and, may shareholders act solely in their own interest, or do they need to take into account the interests of others? This study addresses these questions from a historical perspective: starting with the predecessors of the English and the Dutch East India Company (incorporated in 1600 and 1602), and ending with the current corporate governance debate. It provides answers under current company law, embedded in a broad international context.
Oded, S. (2012). Inducing Corporate Proactive Compliance: Liability Controls & Corporate Monitors. EUR. Prom./coprom.: prof.dr. M.G. Faure. (cum laude) (ESL Elly Rood Dissertation Award). This study applies a law and economics approach to identify a workable, innovative framework of enforcement policies that induces efficiently corporate proactive compliance with regulatory requirements. It is argued that a voluntary Third-Party Based Targeted Monitoring system may enhance corporate motivations to proactively ensure compliance among employees as it incentivises self-policing by appointing professional corporate monitors and a Compound Corporate Liability Regime, in which corporations self-report their employees’ misconduct. Simultaneously, it overcomes the pitfalls of information asymmetry and arbitrariness that are embedded in the existing corporate liability regimes.
Tervoort, A.J.S.M. (2013, October 17). Het bestuursverbod bij de commanditaire vennootschap. EUR (404 pag.) (Deventer: Kluwer). Prom./coprom.: prof.mr. L. Timmerman. (cum laude) (Elly Rood Dissertation Award) This PhD thesis examines the statutory rule that prohibits a limited partner from participating in the management of the limited partnership in which he is a partner. It critically reviews the interpretation and development of the management prohibition rule from its introduction into Dutch law in 1838. Furthermore, it examines the legal design of the management prohibition rule in a number of foreign jurisdictions (France, Germany, England and the United States) as well as the history of the Dutch rule. Finally, it develops a number of proposals aimed at improving current legislation regarding the management prohibition rule. In 2015, this research proved to have influence on case law of the Dutch Supreme Court that reinterpreted - and thereby relaxed - the current legislation regarding the management prohibition rule.
Wilde, M.F. de (2015, Januari 15). 'Sharing the Pie', Taxing multinationals in a global market. EUR. Prom./coprom.: prof.dr. A.J.A. Stevens. This PhD thesis did not only receive the distinction cum laude, it also received an honorable mention in the European Academic Tax Thesis Award 2016. Furthermore, it was awarded the J.C. Ruigrok Prijs 2016 voor Rechtswetenschappen by the Koninklijke Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen [Royal Holland Society for the Sciences].
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 97
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 98 Part D Indicators for quality and relevance
Indicators for quality and relevance
From 2014 onwards ESL has started to identify indicators for quality and relevance, and to collect (key) evidence on these indicators in accordance with the format of Table D1, p. 25 of the Standard Evaluation Protocol 2015-2021 and the Discipline Protocol 2015. The indicators were selected on the basis of ESL’s research profile and mission. Considering the evaluation period of 2009-2015, (key) evidence for some indicators had to be collected retroactively; some underreporting for previous years may therefore occur. Currently, the publication registration system of the Erasmus University (METIS) is not fully equipped to register evidence all indicators, but introducing a new research information system is one of the main priorities of Erasmus University. The evidence presented in the two narratives of this report is included in this document together with other examples in relation to ESL’s research profile. Except for the evidence on academic and professional publications, this list of indicators does not aim to be exhaustive. Rather, the performance demonstrated by the indicators should be considered highlights and examples of the quality and relevance of research at ESL.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 101 Research products for peers
This section demonstrates the quality of academic articles, books and book chapters, monographs, edited volumes and dissertations to peers. As such documents traditionally constitute the core research products of a law faculty, it was decided to include comprehensive evidence under the correspondent indicators ‘academic articles’, ‘Books/Monographs’, ‘Book chapters’, ‘Edited volumes’ and ‘Dissertations’ in Part II (output list) of the self-assessment.
Academic articles
See Part II
Books/Monographs
See Part II
Book chapters
See Part II
Edited volumes
See Part II
Dissertations
See Part II
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 102 Research products for societal target groups
This section demonstrates the relevance of ESL’s research to society, and in particular to policymakers, legislators, legal practitioners and the general public. Evidence for the indicator ‘Professional articles’ provides a complete list of publications included in Part II. Additionally, other research activities with an impact on policy or legislation are listed under the indicators ‘Products for ministries and government institutions or international bodies with an impact on policy or legislation’ and ‘Engaging in public debate’.
Professional articles
Part II provides a full list of all professional publications in the period 2009-2015.
Products for ministries and government institutions or international bodies with an impact on policy or legislation (highlights)
Amtenbrink, F. & Repasi, R. (2015, February). Presentation ‘Ten Propositions on the Legal Challenges Facing the ECB in its Role in Crisis Management & Financial Supervision’, De Nederlandse Bank in-house roundtable on the ECB’s unconventional monetary measures.
Amtenbrink, F. & Repasi, R., (2015, June). European Parliament: testimony at the on the EU’s role in the G20 (17 June 2015); and on judicial protection against austerity measures.
Bootsma, A.A., (2015, September). Report (co-authorship) on takeover defenses commissioned by the Dutch Monitoring Committee Corporate Governance Code.
Heine, K. (since 2015). Policy advice to the German Federal government on automatisation with regard to challenges of industry 4.0 (so-called High Tec Forum).(‘high-tech-forum’), Berlin.
Hemels, S.J.C. (2015). Dutch input together with Corine Vos for the European Foundation Centre report 'Comparative highlights of Foundation Laws'. (Extern rapport). Brussels: EFC.
Hemels, S.J.C. (2015, November 23), Pakket lastenverlichting op arbeid. Senate (Eerste Kamer), Experts Meeting of the Finance Committee of the Senate on the Tax Plan 2016.
Monsma, A.P., Schep, A.W. & Wilde, M.F. de (2015). Fiscal instruments for safe & sound ship recycling? (Extern rapport). Rotterdam: ESBL.
Monsma, A.P. (2015). Korte notitie precariobelasting ondergrondse kabels en leidingen. (Extern rapport). Rotterdam: ESBL.
Monsma, A.P. & Schep, A.W. (2015). Quickscan legesverordening Den Haag. (Extern rapport). Rotterdam: ESBL.
Pacces, A.M. (2015). European Commission (DGGROW): Empirical study on postal service charges across the EU.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 103 Repasi, R., (2015, May). European Parliament: Reporting on the potential of the Lisbon Treaty for reforming EMU (26 May 2015); on the legal status of the Eurogroup.
Schep, A.W. (2015). Onderzoek heffing van precariobelasting op kabels en leidingen, onderzoek in opdracht van Gemeentebelastingen en Basisinformatie Drechtsteden. (Extern rapport). Rotterdam: ESBL.
Schep, A.W. (2015). Retributieregeling binnen ondernemersfonds Teylingen: Second opinion. (Extern rapport). Rotterdam: ESBL.
Schep, A.W. & Monsma, A.P. (2015). Startnotitie precariobelasting van ondergrondse kabels en leidingen. (Extern rapport). Rotterdam: ESBL.
Schippers, M.L. & Wit, W. de (2015). EU Project on Customs Simplification Procedures. (Extern rapport). Bologna: University of Bologna.
Wilde, M.F. de (2015, November 9-10). Topic 3: Fair Tax Competition. Inter-Parliamentary Conference on Stability, Economic Coordination and Governance in the European Union (organised by the Luxembourg presidency). Additionally: a course on taxation of multinationals for high ranking civil servants of the Ethiopian ministry of Justice; a lecture with J. van de Streek (UvA/ACTL) at a workshop with high ranking civil servants of the Slovakian Ministry of Finance on taxation of multinationals; lecture on invitation of the Dutch tax administration on transfer pricing coordination group.
Amtenbrink, F. (2014, September 25). Invited Expert. The Hague, Expert exchange of ideas: Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Economic Affairs. EMU consultations.
Amtenbrink, F. (2014, May). Invited speaker 'Vijf vragen en (korte) antwoorden over ...' ECER- seminar 'De EMU - een institutionele uitweg uit de crisis', Expertisecentrum Europees recht, Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Hague.
Amtenbrink, F. (2014, April). Invited expert, exchange of ideas on 'Toekomst van de Unie', Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Hague.
Amtenbrink, F. (2014, February). Invited discussant, kennistafel 'Toekomst van het economisch beleid in de eurozone', Dutch Ministry for Economic Affairs, The Hague.
Bergh, R.J. van den (2014). Onderzoek naar de juridische en rechtskundige dienstverlening. (Final report). On request from: Ministry of Economic Affairs.
Hemels, S.J.C. & Kok, Q.W.J.C.H., (2014). Contributions to comments on new tax legislation and decrees of the Dutch Association of Tax Lawyers (Commissie wetsvoorstellen Nederlandse Orde van Belastingadviseurs).
Hemels, S.J.C. (2014/2015). Contribution (interview) to the Scientific Council for Government Policy for their research on philanthropy and on incentives for culture.
Kok, Q.W.J.C.H. (2014). Invited expert, consultations by the National Commission on audit (Algemene Rekenkamer) in preparation for their report on tax avoidance in relation to the tax rules and the treaty network.
Molenaar, D. (2014/2016). Member of the Expert Group on removing tax obstacles facing individuals who are active across borders within the EU. Position at European Commission/TAXUD D2, representing employers and employees in the performing arts.
Stevens, A.J.A. (2014). Expert meeting of the second chamber of Dutch Parliament on the new German-Netherlands tax treaty workshops for Dutch tax administration.
Wolf, M.J.F. van der (2014). Werkgroep versnelling verloftraject. Versnelling verloftraject. Manifest van Lunteren. (Extern rapport). Den Haag: Ministerie van Veiligheid en Justitie, DJI.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 104 Faure, M.G. (2013). Opinion on liability and compensation for damage resulting from CO2 storage sites for the International Energy Agency of the OECD; presented at an international expert meeting in Paris in April 2015.
Faure, M.G. (2013). A law and economics analysis of access to justice in environmental matters for DG Environment of European Commission, on the difficulties of implementation of Article 9(3) of the Aarhus Convention. Stout, H.D. (2013, June 24). Publieke belangen: systeeminterne en -externe perspectieven. Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal, Expertmeeting over de privatisering en verzelfstandiging van overheidsdiensten.
Westrik, R. (2013, September – 2014, February). Invited expert, Dutch Ministry of Safety and Justice; discussion of law proposal on ‘divorcing without a judge’ (convenant echtscheidingsbeschikking en executoriale kracht).
Fibbe, G.K. (2012). Summary report of the responses received on the public consultation on factual examples and ways to tackle double non-taxation cases, European Commission, Brussels.
Boom, W.H. van (2011). On the Regulation of Legal Services in Dutch Personal Injury Practice. The Hague, Dutch Parliament Select Committee on Justice and Safety.
Bootsma, A. A. (2011). De samenstelling en het functioneren van de Raad van Commissarissen in boekjaar 2010 alsmede het verslag van de Raad van Commissarissen. (in co-authorship with Biesheuvel-Hoitinga, J.), onderzoek uitgevoerd in opdracht van de Monitoring Commissie Corporate Governance Code.
Hemels, S.J.C. (2011). Brochure Geven aan cultuur, de fiscale voordelen van uw gift, Den Haag: Ministerie OCW and Brochure Geven aan wetenschappelijk onderzoek, de fiscale voordelen van uw gift, Den Haag: Ministerie van OCW.
Lindenbergh, S.D., Meyst-Michels, J. & Wildeboer, J. (2011, June). Report on Compensation after sexual abuse of minors, Advice to the Conference of Bishops and the Conference of Dutch Religious. The Commission Lindenbergh presented the report on compensation after sexual abuse to the institutions of the Dutch Catholic Church. The report was fully embraced and adopted by the Church.
Faure, M.G. (2010). Effective, proportional and dissuasive penalties in the implementation of the Environmental Crime and Ship-source Pollution Directives: Questions and challenges, European Energy and Environmental Law Review, 19(6), 256-278. Opinion for the European Commission on the interpretation of the notion ‘effective, proportional and dissuasive penalties’ in the implementation of the Environmental Crime and Ship-source Pollution Directives.
Faure, M.G. (2010). Vague notions in environmental criminal law (part 1), Environmental Liability, 18(4), 119-133 and Faure, M.G. (2010). Vague notions in environmental criminal law (part 2), Environmental Liability, 18(5), 163-170. Advice to the European Commission on the interpretation of various vague notions that have been used in the Environmental Crime Directive.
Faure, M.G., Peeters, M.G.W.M., Philipsen, N.J. & Smedt, K. de (2010). Milieuaansprakelijkheid goed geregeld? Den Haag, Boom Juridische uitgevers. Analysis for the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment.
Engel, C.W. (2009). Advisory opinion: constitutional limits of Hesse antitrust law. Commissioned by the Ministery of Economics, Germany.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 105 Mascini, P., & Bochove, M., van (2009). Gender Stereotyping in the Dutch Asylum Procedure. ‘Independent’ Men versus ‘Dependent’ Women. International Migration Review 43(1): 112-133. Study on the discrimination against women in asylum law for the Dutch INS.
Mascini, P., Wijk, E., van (2009). Responsive Regulation at the Dutch Food and Commodity Authority: An Empirical Assessment of Assumptions Underlying the Theory. Regulation and Governance 3(1): 27-47. Used by the Dutch Food and Commodity Authority in a recent reform of the inspectorate. The study addresses issues of work and labor.
Engaging in public debate (highlights)
Amtenbrink, F. (2015, January 15). Duitse Hof weer aan zet over ECB. De Telegraaf (main Dutch newspaper)
Arcuri, A. (Expert Panelist) (2015, July 03). WTO Appellate Body report on India – Agricultural Products [webcast]. In Talking Disputes, Organised by ICTSD and WTIA. WTO, Geneva.
Bont, G.J.M.E. de (opinion) (2015, March 10). Deal Cees H. [radio-uitzending]. In BNR Nieuwsradio.
Bont, G.J.M.E. de (opinion) (2015, March 04). Deal Cees H. Nieuwsuur [televisie-uitzending]. In Nieuwsuur.
Bont, G.J.M.E. de (information) (2015, August 28). Verhuurdersbelasting [internet radio- uitzending]. In BNR Nieuwsradio. BNR Nieuwsradio.
Goudappel, F.A.N.J. (2015, January 21). BNR Radio Over het Verdrag van Schengen.
Heine, K. (2015). Nationale Wetenschapsagenda. Wie is verantwoordelijk als een tandarts een defecte 3D-geprinte prothese, door middel van een medische robot, implanteert? Kan het rechtssysteem omgaan met kunstmatige intelligentie (robots) en materialisatie van digitale codes (3d-printen)?
Hemels, S.J.C. (2015, January 08). Over Belastingen [televisie-uitzending]. In NPO Politiek.
Houweling, A.R., (2015, March 22). NOS Radio 1 on the new legislation on dismissal.
Kramer, X.E. (2015, July 15). European small claims procedure--what next? LexisNexis PSL
Lindenbergh, S. (2015, January 15). Nieuwsuur: expert opinion on compensation for non pecuniary loss.
Lindenbergh, S.D. (2015, June 02). Hoogte van smartengeldbedragen in Nederland [radio- uitzending]. In Radio 2.
Marle, H.J.C. van (2015, September 8). Brandpunt Over zedendelicten.
Mevis, P.A.M. (2015, June 7). Nieuwsuur: Over de deal van 40 miljoen tussen OM en erfgenamen van Willem Endstra.
Schep, A.W. (2015, December 11). Interview Radio1 Journaal, programma van Radio NPO1 [radio-uitzending]. In Radio 1 Journaal. Rotterdam. Verschillen in OZB-tarieven tussen gemeenten.
Schep, A.W. (2015, December 11). Interview NOS-journaal van 18:00 en 20:00 uur op NPO1 [televisie-uitzending]. In NOS-Journaal. Rotterdam. Verschillen in OZB-tarieven tussen gemeenten.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 106 Staring, R.H.J.M. (2015, July 28). De gewenste resultaten.. Dinsdag 28 juli 2015 [televisie- uitzending]. In Argos TV Medialogica, VPRO.
Staring, R.J.H.M. (2015, August 2015). NOS Met het oog op morgen. Over vluchtelingen en mensensmokkel.
Struijk, S. (2015, April 27). Kritiek zwelt aan na zelfmoord Lau Geeraets. AD.
Struijk, S. (2015, April 24). NPO Radio 1 [radio-uitzending]. In Radio 1 journaal. Over de EBI in Vught.
Amtenbrink, F. ( 2014, July 29). (Zijn Duitse plannen voor een tol in strijd met het EU recht?) Spitsuur [radio-uitzending]. In BNR Nieuwsradio. Amsterdam.
Bont, G.J.M.E. de (2014, February 6). Information De Belastingtelefoon - vooraf ingevulde aangifte [radio-uitzending]. In BNR Nieuwsradio.
Bont, G.J.M.E. de (2014, March 11, 12, 13). Opinion: Deal OM - Cees H. [radio-uitzending]. In BNR Nieuwsradio.
Bont, G.J.M.E. de (NOB) (2014, June 11). Fiscaal Strafrecht [televisie-uitzending]. In Lustrum Congres. Hilversum: Studio 21.
Bont, G.J.M.E. de (2014, August 26). Information: Handhavingsaspecten van de deeleconomie [radio-uitzending]. In BNR Nieuwsradio. BNR Nieuwsradio.
Buijsen, M.A.J.M. (2014, September 2). De prijs van de Levenseindekliniek. Nederlands Dagblad.
Buijsen, M.A.J.M. (2014, September 14). Dokter, ben ik soms te duur? Trouw (Letter & Geest), pp. 16-19.
Buijsen, M.A.J.M. (2014, September 18). Kwalijk gebruik van medisch dossier. Nederlands Dagblad.
Buijsen, M.A.J.M., Abdo, F., Loos, M., Hoeven, J.G. van der & Hartogh, G. (2014, September 26). Overheid laat nabestaanden orgaandonatie opknappen. NRC Handelsblad.
Hemels, S.J.C. (2014, April 24). Interview: De Kennis van Nu [radio-uitzending]. In Actueel: filantropie manifest. Radio 5.
Lindenbergh, S.D. (2014, April 16). Interview NRC Handelsblad on amount of personal injury compensations in The Netherlands.
Staring, R.H.J.M. (2014, September 2). Interview: Dichtbij Nederland Radio 5 [radio-uitzending]. In Dichtbij Nederland. Hilversum.
Stevens, A.J.A. (2014, January 16). Verdrag met Duitsland kent de nodige rafels. Het Financieele Dagblad On the new tax treaty with Germany.
Taekema, H.S. (2014). Held tussen recht en rechtvaardigheid. Twijfel. Faculteitsblad Wijsbegeerte, pp. 12-13.
Amtenbrink, F. (2013, 12 July). Un vice de form? J’en doute. La Liberté, p. 6. http://www.laliberte.ch/news/economie/un-vice-de-forme-j-en-doute-20215#.WBs4idxXhFw (Swiss newspaper)
Bootsma, A.A. (2013, June 13). Uitgeven van loyaliteitsaandelen is niet onder alle omstandigheden onzalig plan voor vennootschap. Het Financieele Dagblad, pp. 11.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 107 Bos, A. de & Galle, J.G.C.M. (2013, July 3). Banken moeten open zijn over naleven normen en zo de dialoog met de samenleveing aangaan. Het Financieele Dagblad.
Buijsen, M.A.J.M. (2013, September 20). Maatwerk in de zorg is riskant. Nederlands Dagblad.
Dorn, N. (2013, March 08). Let's make the responsibility collective. Financial Times, pp. 8.
Graaf, A.C.G.A.C. de (2013, March 14). Globaliserende ondernemingen en fiscaliteit. Informatief, pp. 9-10.
Hemels, S.J.C. (2013, November 30). Quotes in 'Eisen fiscus hinderen goede doel' (voorpagina) en Eduard Sloot 'Belastingdienst draait goede doelen de duimschroeven aan' (pagina 4). Nederlands Dagblad, pp. 1-5.
Hemels, S.J.C. (2013, December 6). Nieuwe eisen aan goede doelen. Reformatorisch Dagblad, pp. 26-27.
Hemels, S.J.C. (2013, October 5). Quote in Bert Koopman 'Moderne jazz met modern geld'. Het Financieele Dagblad.
Hemels, S.J.C. (2013, July 20). Quotes in 'Naheffing op kostbaar erfstuk'. NRC Handelsblad.
Huisman, P.W.A. (2013, May 14). Interview: Pestbeleid [televisie-uitzending]. In altijd wat. NCRV.
Jans-van Wieringen, M.E.P.A.R., Bos, A. de & Galle, J.G.C.M. (2013, July 3). Banken moeten open zijn over naleven normen en zo de dialoog met samenleving aangaan. Het Financieele Dagblad.
Khan, W. (2013, June 18). No obligation to avoid paying tax. Financial Times.
Lindenbergh, S.D. (2013, March 7). Heb je recht op smartengeld als je in een coma ligt en niks voelt? NJB Blog. NRC Handelsblad.
Nijkeuter, E. (2013, December 23). Hoge Raad vraagt EU-hof om raad in twee zaken dividendbelasting. Het Financieele Dagblad.
Schep, A. (2013, November 7). Interview BNR nieuwsradio [radio-uitzending]. In Nieuws. Over ondernemersfondsen, lokale belastingen voor ondernemers.
Staring, R.H.J.M. (2013, December 10). Interview: Is Rotterdam een smokkelparadijs?, Criminoloog Richard Staring over mensenhandel [webcast]. In Studio Erasmus. Rotterdam.
Swaaningen, R. van & Schuilenburg, M. (2013, June 23). Veiligheidsbeleid is uitdrukking van politiek versimpelde werkelijkheid. Trouw.
Westrik, R. & Dooren, S.M.M. van (2013, May 03). Vorderingen in faillissement zijn een tombola; Uitspraken van de Hoge Raad rond inning van vorderingen in faillissement weinig consistent. Het Financieele Dagblad, pp. 9.
Arends, A.J.M. (2012, December 8). Tien tips om de belastingdienst voor te zijn. Het Financieele Dagblad bijlage FD Weekend, pp. 40-41.
Amtenbrink, F. (2012, 23 June). Europeaan van de week: Fabian Amtenbrink. Europa Nu. https://www.europa-nu.nl/id/vj1cept2ekqt/europeaan_van_de_week_fabian_amtenbrink
Camesasca, P.D.N. (2012, May 4). The European Commission's Investigations into Standard- essential Patents. Legal Times.
Dorn, N. (2012, June 15). Centripetal dangers of EU-level banking regulation. Financial Times (letters page), pp. 8.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 108 Erp, J.G. van (radio interviews) (2012, September 26). Div. interviews over Meld Misdaad Anoniem en Opsporing Verzocht [radio-uitzending]. In Ochtendprogramma. Business News Radio BNR.
Gaakeer, A.M.P. (2012, April 23). Interview: Moeilijke taal van rechters [radio-uitzending]. In vraag het de uni-serie bibliotheek Rotterdam.
Goudappel, F.A.N.J. (2012). Vrij verkeer van studenten. Fiat Justitia.
Graaf, A.C.G.A.C. de (27-09-2012). Quote in F. van Lookeren Campagne, 'Belastingparadijzen'. Intermediar, pp. 30-31.
Hemels, S.J.C. (2012, October 19). Quotes in 'Plan voor afschaffing giftenaftrek rammelt' (voorpagina) en Eduard Sloot en Aaldert van Soest 'Giftenaftrek is investering' (pagina 3). Nederlands Dagblad.
Hemels, S.J.C. (2012, November 01). Interview 'Sigrid Hemels: Ik ben kritisch op de politiek'. Werken in de fiscaliteit Special 2012-2013, pp. 4-5.
Leeuw, T.A.J. de (vraaggesprek over de betekenissen van voetbalgeweld in Nederland) (2012, January 23). Tom de Leeuw over de voetbalwet en hooligans [radio-uitzending]. In Casa Luna. Hilversum: NCRV.
Schep, A.W. (2012, September 7). Interview, BNR Nieuwsradio [radio-uitzending]. In Tweede Kamer verkiezingen.
Staring, R. (2012, December 21). TV program ZEMBLA, vision on the criminalization of illegality (‘Strafbaarstelling van illigaliteit’)
Swaaningen, R. van (2012, February 7). Hoe harder we straffen hoe beter, toch? NRC Next, pp. 16-17.
Wolf, M.J.F. van der (2012, May 26). Straffen of vergeven? [televisie-uitzending]. In Debat op 2. Utrecht: KRO, Nederland 2.
Amtenbrink, F. (2011, January 25). Euro crisis could spur deeper integration, say experts. Hurriyet Daily News. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/euro-crisis-could-spur-deeper- integration-say-experts.aspx?pageID=438&n=euro-crisis-could-ignite-deeper-integration- says-expert-2011-01-25 (online news site of major Turkish newspaper)
Amtenbrink, F. (2011, February 25). Euro niet per se verplicht. Amigoe Nieuws. (online news site of Aruban newspaper)
Arends, A.J.M. (2011, November 27). Wees de fiscus te snel af. Het Financieele dagblad, pp. 40-41.
Buijsen, M.A.J.M. (2011, November 24). Euthanasiebrigades zijn onbehoorlijk en dubieus. Nederlands Dagblad, pp. 13.
Burg, W. van der (2011, November 11). Religie na 9-11 [radio-uitzending]. In Schepper & Co.
Dorn, N. (2011, May 30). Europe's lost its marbles - don't let it steer the IMF. Financial Times, pp. 8.
Hemels, S.J.C. (2011, October 12). Item over Geefwet [televisie-uitzending]. In 1Vandaag. Nederland 1. en (2011, October 31). Interview over de nieuwe Geefwet [radio-uitzending]. In De Ochtend van 4. Radio 4.
Hemels, S.J.C. (2011, February 26). Quotes in A. Grotenhuis 'Schenk die Van der Leck en ontvang belastingbonus'. NRC Handelsblad.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 109 Hemels, S.J.C. & Schuyt, T. (2011, April 15). Niet morrelen aan de giftenaftrek. Financieele Dagblad.
Hemels, S.J.C. (2011, September 26). Die belastingaftrek komt niet ten goede aan de kunst. NRC Handelsblad.
Hemels, S.J.C. (2011, October 12). Interview over Geefwet [televisie-uitzending]. In 1Vandaag. Nederland 1.
Hemels, S.J.C. (2011, October 31). Interview over de nieuwe Geefwet [radio-uitzending]. In De Ochtend van 4. Radio 4.
Kiekebeld, B.J. (2011, September 22). Bij verhuizen over de grens dreigt voor fiscus een heffingslek. Het Financieele Dagblad.
Kogels, H.A. (2011, June 2). Interview fiscale vrijstellingen FIFA, In RTL Nieuws.
Lindenbergh, S. (2011, June 21). Presentation Advice on design of compensation model for victims of abuse in the Catholic Church, In NOS-journaal en Nieuwsuur
Lückerath - Rovers, M., Melis, D. & Paape, L. (2011, May 2). Aandeelhouders moeten meepraten. Het Financieele Dagblad.
Mak, E. (2011, April 21). Bijdrage onderzoek De 10 grootste problemen van Nederland: bijdragen van 75 sociale wetenschappers. De Groene Amsterdammer.
Schep, A.W. (2011, August 12). (interview over heffing van toeristenbelasting van seizoensarbeiders) BNR Nieuwsradio [radio-uitzending]. In BNR Nieuwsradio.
Staring, R.H.J.M. (2011, March 09). Illegaal tot crimineel verklaren maakt toestand alleen erger. NRC Handelsblad, pp. 14-15.
Arts, K., Brus, M., Genugten, W. van, Hey, E., Kamminga, M.T., Wellens, K. & Wessel, R. (2010, June 2). Israël handelde in strijd met internationaal recht. NRC Handelsblad, pp. 7.
Buijsen, M.A.J.M. (2010, November 19). Verdeling van lasten zorgpremie onrechtvaardig. Nederlands Dagblad.
Burg, W. van der () (2010, July 25). Interview: Schepper & Co [radio-uitzending]. In Schepper & Co.
Hemels, S.J.C. (2010, October 22). Quotes in M. Bolwijn 'klappen op te vangen met giften' en 'De Mecenas is niet uitgenodigd'. de Volkskrant (nieuwspagina en kunstbijlage).
Hemels, S.J.C. (2010, October 27). R. Hollak, interview 'De meeste gevers zijn al blij met een bedankje.’ Over het gebrek aan ervaring in de kunst met mecenaat'. NRC Handelsblad.
Hemels, S.J.C. (2010, October 27). Interview over publicatie 'Mecenaat en fiscus' en mecenaat in relatie tot het regeerakkoord [radio-uitzending]. In Radio 1 Journaal. Radio 1.
Hemels, S.J.C. (2010, October 28). Interview over publicatie 'Mecenaat en fiscus' en mecenaat in relatie tot het regeerakkoord [televisie-uitzending]. In RTL Nieuws. RTL 4.
Hemels, S.J.C. (2010, december 14). Ronde tafel discussie over mecenaat [radio-uitzending]. In OBA live IKON. radio 5.
Lückerath - Rovers, M. & Bos, A. de (2010, January 21). Angst voor aansprakelijkheid groeit (verslag onderzoek/interview), Journalisten Menno Tamminga en Daan van Lent. NRC Handelsblad.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 110 Swaaningen, R. van (2010, December 3). Strenger straffen [radio-uitzending]. In Vrijdagmiddag Life, Radio 1.
Bos, A. de & Beurden, B. van (2009, November 26). Volgen richtlijn is soms ongewenst. Het Financieele Dagblad.
Buijsen, M.A.J.M. (2009, May 02). Oppassen met zwarte lijst voor dokters. NRC Handelsblad.
Buijsen, M.A.J.M. (2009, May 12). De transparantie van Klink klinkt goed, nu de rest nog. Trouw.
Goudappel, F., Amtenbrink, F. (2009, November 14). Er komt helemaal geen president voor Europa. NRC (major Dutch newspaper)
Leeuw, T.A.J. de (2009, December 16). Geef Hooligan weer z'n eigen arena. Trouw.
Lückerath - Rovers, M. & Bos, A. de (2009, October 10). Commissaris heeft ook wel eens iets uit te leggen (verslag onderzoek/interview)(Journalisten Daan van Lent en Menno Tamminga). NRC Handelsblad, pp. 17.
Lückerath - Rovers, M. (2009, June 01). Interview + beschrijving onderzoek. NRC Focus (kwartaalblad NRC), pp. 110 en 115.
Müller, T. (2009, February 19). Allochtoon leeft niet op ethnisch eiland. Volkskrant.
Westrik, R. & Dooren, B. van (2009, June 25). Sneller geld innen in buitenland, Europese regels maken efficiënte invordering van openstaande schulden eenvoudiger. Het Financieele Dagblad, pp. 9.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 111 Use of research products by peers
This section shows the usuage of ESL research products by peers. The indicators used in this section are ‘Contributions of ESL researchers published in journals with an impact factor in the Washington and Lee Index (W&L) and/or the Journal Citation Reports (JCR), ‘Reviews of monographs and edited volumes’ and ‘Research products used in education’.
Contributions of ESL researchers published in journals with an impact factor in the Washington and Lee Index (W&L) and the Journal Citation Reports (JCR)
This indicator shows the number and percentage of journals with publications by ESL affiliated researchers in the period 2009-2015. For more information, please see the ESL journal list in Appendix 9.
Journals with contributions by N Journals with contributions % Journals with contributions ESL affiliated researchers by ESL affiliated researchers by ESL affiliated researchers Journals with impact factor 94 23% W&L Journals with impact factor 55 14% JCR Journals with impact factor 45 11% in W&L and in JCR International journals 209 52% without impact factor in W&L or JRC Total international journals 403 100%
Reviews of monographs and edited volumes (highlights)
This indicator highlights reviews of ESL publications (monographs and edited volumes). Review in this context is understood to refer to an assessment of a publication by a peer that is published in a scientific journal.
Houweling, A.R., Keulaerds, M.J.M.T. & Boot, C.G. (2015). Parlementaire Geschiedenis Wet werk en zekerheid. Deel I. Den Haag: Boom Juridische uitgevers. Reviewed in: Nederlands Juristenblad, 2015(28), 1440.
Houweling, A.R., Keulaerds, M.J.M.T. & Boot, C.G. (2015). Parlementaire Geschiedenis Wet werk en zekerheid. Deel II. Den Haag: Boom Juridische uitgevers. Reviewed in: Nederlands Juristenblad, 2015(28), 1440.
Mak, E. (2015). The Possibility of a European Judicial Culture (Erasmus Law Lectures 38). The Hague: Eleven International Publishing. Reviewed in: Nederlands Juristenblad, 2014(40), 2106.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 112 Mevis, P.A.M., Tulen, J.H.M., Raes, B.C.M., Mulder, E.A., Wolf, M.J.F. van der & Bakker, S.R. (Eds.). (2015). Omzwervingen tussen psychiatrie en recht. Liber Amicorum Prof.Dr. H.J.C. van Marle. Deventer: Wolters Kluwer. Reviewed in: Nederlands Juristenblad, 2016, 23.
Visscher, L.T. (2015). Debated Damages (Erasmus Law Lectures, 39). The Hague: Eleven international publishing. Reviewed in: Hondius, E. (2016). Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Burgerlijk Recht, 14(3).
Burg, W. van der (2014). The Dynamics of Law and Morality. A Pluralist Account of Legal Interactionism. Farnham: Ashgate. Reviewed in: Nederlands Juristenblad, 2014(29), 1548.
Faure, M.G., Philipsen, N. (2014). Access to justice in environmental matters. The Hague: Eleven International Publishing. Reviewed in: Nederlands Juristenblad 2013(45), 2634.
Jaremba, U. (2014). National Judges as EU Law Judges: the Polish Civil Law System (Nijhoff Studies in EU Law). Leiden - Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Reviewed in: Nederlands Juristenblad 2014(20), 1037.
Li, Y. (Ed.). (2014). Administrative Litigation Systems in Greater China and Europe (The Rule of Law in China and Comparative Perspectives, Vol. 2). Farnham: Ashgate. Reviewed in: Bratkovic, M. (2014). Russian Law Review, 2014, 2, 157.
Wolf, M.J.F. van der, Koenraadt, F. & Kelk, C. (Eds.). (2014). Van aandoening tot delict, van delict tot sanctie. Ontwikkelingen op het grensvlak van psychiatrie en strafrecht: 2000-2014. Voordrachtenreeks van het Psychiatrisch Juridisch Gezelschap, Deel 9 en 11. Deventer: Kluwer. Reviewed in: Nederlands Juristenblad 2015, 1160.
Cornwell, David, Blad, J.R. & Wright, Martin (Eds.). (2013). Civilising Criminal Justice. An international restorative agenda for penal reform. Hampshire UK: Waterside Press. Reviewed in: Jansen, S. (2014). Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht 14 (4), 48-51.
Engel, C.W. (2013). Legal Experiments: Mission Impossible? (Erasmus Law Lectures, vol. 28). Den Haag: Eleven. Reviewed in: Hondius, E. (2013). Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Burgerlijk Recht, 7(32).
Hemels, S.J.C., Graaf, A.C.G.A.C. de & Sonderen, J.C.M. van (Eds.). (2013). 'k Moet eerlijk zeggen. Vriendenbundel Henk van Arendonk. Den Haag: Sdu. Reviewed in: Pieterse, L.J.A. (2013). Weekblad Fiscaal Recht 2013, 789.
Hildebrandt, M. & De Vries, K. (Eds.). (2013). Privacy and Due Process after the Computational Turn. Abingdon: Routledge. Reviewed in: Frank, D. (2014). Birkback Law Review, 2, 157-171.
Kochenov, D. & Amtenbrink, F. (Eds.). (2013). The European Union's Shaping of the International Legal Order. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Reviewed in: Sinkkonen, V. (2016). European Law Review 41 (2), 299-301 & Laulhé Shaelou, S. (2015), Yearbook of European Law 2015 34: 379-381.
Kogelenberg, M. van (2013). Motive Matters! An exploration of the notion 'deliberate breach of contract' and its consequences for the application of remedies (Ius Commune Europaeum, 114). Cambridge: Intersentia. Reviewed in: Hondius, E. (2014). Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Burgerlijk Recht, 2(10).
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 113 Kramer, X.E. (2013). Procedure Matters. Construction and Deconstructivism in European Civil Procedure. (Erasmus Law Lectures, nr. 33). The Hague: Eleven International Publishing. Reviewed in: Hondius, E. (2012). Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Burgerlijk Recht, 6(33).
Mak, E. (2013). Judicial Decision-Making in a Globalised World: A Comparative Analysis of the Changing Practices of Western Highest Courts (Hart Studies in Comparative Public Law). Oxford: Hart Publishing. Reviewed in: SEW Tijdschrift voor Europees en economisch recht 2014(6), 316.
Pacces, A.M. (2013). The Future in Law and Finance. The Hague: Eleven International Publishing. Reviewed in: Nederlands Juristenblad, 2013(16), 870.
Salverda, B.A., Bleichrodt, F.W., Hartmann, A.R., Mevis, P.A.M. & Rogier, L.J.J. (Eds.). (2013). Onbegrensd strafrecht. Liber amicorum Hans de Doelder. Oisterwijk: Wolf Legal Publishers. Reviewed in: Nederlands Juristenblad 2014,275.
Spierenburg, P.C. (2013). Violence and Punishment: Civilizing the Body Through Time (e- book). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Inc.. Reviewed in: Rodríguez Castillo, N. (2014). European Review of History, 21(6), 939-941.
Winkel, L.C. & Rogier, L.J.J. (Eds.). (2013). Erasmus School of Law en haar voorgangers - 50 jaar juridisch onderwijs en onderzoek aan de Nederlandse Economische Hogeschool en de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam. Den Haag: Boom Juridische uitgevers. Reviewed in: Nederlands Juristenblad 2014, 644.
Exter, A.P. den & Buijsen, M.A.J.M. (2012). Rationing Health Care. Hard Choices and Unavoidable Trade-offs. Antwerpen/Apeldoorn/Portland: MAKLU. Reviewed in: Nederlands Juristenblad, 2012(33), 1915.
Houweling, A.R. & Voet, G.W. van der (Eds.). (2012). Bijzondere arbeidsverhoudingen (Bakelsreeks). Den Haag: Boom Juridische uitgevers. Reviewed in: Even, J.H. (2013). Tijdschrift Recht & Arbeid, 2013, 21.
Kogelenberg, M. van, Tuil, M.L. & Boom, W.H. van (Eds.). (2012). Boobytraps, valkuilen en instinkers in het burgerlijk recht (Jonge Meesters, 6). Den Haag: Boom Juridische Uitgevers. Reviewed in: Hondius, E.H. (2013). Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Burgerlijk Recht 2013, 18 (9).
Kramer, X.E. & Rhee, C.H. van (Eds.). (2012). Civil Litigation in a Globalising World. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press/Springer. Reviewed in: - Nederlands Juristenblad 2012, 1336 - Main, T.O. (2013), American Journal of Comparative Law 2013 (61 ), 3, 467-467 - Storskrubb, E. (2013). Common Market Law Review 2013 (50), 5, 1521-1523.
Li, Y. (2012). Judicial Independence in China: An Attainable Principle? (Erasmus Law Lectures, 27). The Hague: Eleven International Publishing. Reviewed in: Nederlands Juristenblad, 2012(38), 2234.
Siekmann, R.C.R. & Soek, J.W. (2012). Lex Sportiva: What is Sports Law? (Asser International Sports Law Series). The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press/Springer. Reviewed in: Nederlands Juristenblad, 2012(13), 799.
Siekmann, R.C.R. (2012). Introduction to International and European Sports Law - Capita Selecta (Asser International Sports Law Series). The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press/Springer. Reviewed in: Nederlands Juristenblad, 2012(23), 1336.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 114 Arendonk, H.P.A.M. van, Jansen, J.J.M. & Paardt, R.N.G. van der (Eds.). (2011). VAT in an EU and international perspective. Amsterdam: IBFD Amsterdam. Reviewed in: Oenema, M.E. & Evers, M (2011). Weekblad Fiscaal Recht 2011, 1517.
Henrard, K.A.M. (2011). The Ambiguous Relationship between Religious Minorities and Fundamental (Minority) Rights. Den Haag: Boom Eleven International. Reviewed in: Lerner, N. (2012). Journal of Law and Religion 28(1), 267-[viii].
Hijink, J.B.S. & Verbrugh, M.A. (Eds.). (2011). Europees ondernemingsrecht: grensoverschrijdend ondernemen na Cartesio. Deventer: Kluwer. Reviewed in: Roelofs, E.R (2011). IVOR 75, 5.
Hildebrandt, M., Foblets, M.C. & Steenbergen, J. (Eds.). (2011). Liber Amicorum Rene Foqué. Gent: Larcier. Reviewed in: Nederlands Juristenblad 2012, 492.
Jonckheere, M.J. De (Ed.). (2011). Een reis door de fiscale basisbeginselen, studiecyclus André Spruyt. Brugge: die Keure. Reviewed in: Monsma, A, (2011). Belastingblad 1152,1.
Lindenbergh, S.D. & Tillema, I. (Eds.). (2011). Fundamentele rechten en vermogensrecht (Jonge Meesters). Den Haag: BJu. Reviewed in: Hondius, E, (2012). Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Burgerlijk Recht 2012, 16 (3).
Nowak T., F. Amtenbrink, M. Hertogh and M. Wissink (2011). National Judges as European Union Judges. Knowledge, Experience and Attitudes of Lower Court Judges in Germany and the Netherlands, The Hague, Eleven International Publishing. Reviewed in: Blankenburg, E (2011). Recht der werkelijkheid 2012 (33), 1. 121-124.
Pape, S.B. (2011). Warnings and product liability. Lessons learned from cognitive psychology and ergonomics. Den Haag: Eleven International Publishing. Reviewed in: Brack, A. (2012). Tijschrift voor Consumentenrecht & Handelspraktijken, 2012(3), 132-133.
Amtenbrink, F. & Berg, P.A.J. van den (2010). The Constitutional Integrity of the European Union. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press. Reviewed in: SEW Tijdschrift voor Europees en economisch recht 2011(2), 93-94.
Buijsen, M.A.J.M. & Hermans, H.E.G.M. (Eds.). (2010). Recht en gezondheidszorg (2e, geheel herziene, druk). Amsterdam: Elsevier Gezondheidszorg. Reviewed in: Legemaate, J (2012). Tijdschrift voor gezondheidsrecht (36) 1, 82-83
Cohen Jehoram, T., Nispen, C. van & Huydecoper, T. (2010). European Trademark Law: Community Trademark Law and Harmonized National Trademark Law. Deventer: Kluwer. Reviewed in: Gielen, C. (2010). Van de brug af gezien; Kroniek van wetgeving jurisprudentie en literatuur 2010. Intellectuele Eigendom & Reclamerecht, 2011(13).
Goudappel, F.A.N.J. (2010). The Effects of EU Citizenship. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press/Cambridge University Press. Reviewed in: SEW Tijdschrift voor Europees en economisch recht 2010(9), 385-386.
Faure, M.G. (2009). The Impact of Behavioural Law and Economics on Accident Law. The Hague: Boom Juridische Uitgevers. Reviewed in: Kerkmeester, H. & Visscher, L. (2009). Ars Aequi, Katern. 2009 (112), 6320-6321.
Temperman, J.D. (2010). State-Religion Relationships and Human Rights Law: Towards a Right to Religiously Neutral Governance. Leiden/Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Reviewed in: Rivers, J. (2012). International and Comparative Law Quarterly 61(1), 313-322.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 115 Erp, J.G. van (Ed.). (2009). Naming en shaming in het markttoezicht. Een onderzoek naar openbaarmaking van sancties op de financiële markt. Den Haag: Boom Juridische Uitgevers Reviewed in: Poelman, E (2010). Tijdschrift Formeel belastingrecht 2010, 08.
Fontaine, M. & Ly, F.J.M. De (2009). Drafting International Contracts, An Analysis of Contract Clauses. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Reviewed in: Kessedjan, C. (2009). Business Law International 8(1), 115-118.
Research products used in education (highlights)
This indicator provides evidence of the use of ESL research by peers in academic education.
Van Arendonk, H.P.A.M. (Ed.) (2015). Wegwijs in de belastingheffing van ondernemingen. Den Haag, Sdu (includes chapters of Arends, Van Sonderen and De Graaf).
Van Arendonk, H.P.A.M. (Ed.) (2015). Wegwijs in de Inkomstenbelasting. Den Haag: SdU (includes chapters of Arends, van Sonderen and De Graaf).
Arends, A.J.M. (2015). Cursus Belastingrecht. Inkomstenbelasting. Deventer: Wolters-Kluwer.
Burg, M.P. van der, Groenewegen, G., Makkinga, F.J.H.L. & Monsma, J. (2015). Compendium Gemeentelijke belastingen en Wet WOZ. Deventer: Kluwer.
Burg, M.P. van der, Groenewegen, G. & Makkinga, F.J.H.L. (2015). Wegwijs in de gemeentelijke belastingheffing en Wet WOZ (vijfde druk). Den Haag: Sdu.
Kloosterhuis, H.T.M. (2015). Juridische methoden. Casusoplossen, jurisprudentie-analyse en argumenteren. Vierde druk. Den Haag: Boom Juridische uitgevers.
Lindenbergh, S.D., Stam, J.K. (2015). Jurisprudentie Verbintenissenrecht 1975-2015. Zesde Druk. Nijmegen: Ars Aequi.
Loonstra, C.J. & Zondag, W.A. (2015). Arbeidsrechtelijke Themata (vijfde druk). Den Haag: Boom Juridische Uitgevers.
Spier, J., Hartlief, T., Keirse, A., Lindenbergh, S.D., Vriesendorp, R. (2015). Verbintenissen uit de wet en Schadevergoeding. Zevende druk. Deventer: Wolters Kluwer.
Westrik, R., Campen, M.M. van & Tuil, M.L. (Eds.). (2015). Ars Aequi Jurisprudentie Goederen- en Insolventierecht. Nijmegen: Ars Aequi Libri.
Winkel, L.C. & Feenstra, R. (2015). Vergelding en Vergoeding: Enkele grepen uit de geschiedenis van de onrechtmatige daad (bewerking van 3e druk) (Rechtshistorische Cahiers, 6). Deventer: Kluwer.
Zwitser, R. & Haak, K.F. (2015). Van Haven en Handel, derde druk. Deventer: Wolters Kluwer.
Graaf, A.C.G.A.C. de, Kavelaars, P. & Stevens, A.J.A. (2014). Internationaal belastingrecht (9de druk). Deventer: Kluwer.
Schelhaas, H., Verheij, A., Wessels, B. (2014). Bijzondere overeenkomsten. 3de druk. Deventer: Wolters Kluwer.
Amtenbrink, F. & Vedder, H.H.B. (2013). Recht van de Europese Unie (5th revised edition). Den Haag: Boom Juridische uitgevers. (517 p.).
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 116 Kroeze, M.J., Timmerman, L. & Wezeman, J.B. (2013). De kern van het ondernemingsrecht. Deventer: Kluwer.
Lange, de (2013). Bewerking van de hoofdstukken 5, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 27, 30, 31 en 36. In D.J. Elzinga, R. de
Lange & H.G. Hoogers (Eds.), Van der Pot, Handboek van het Nederlandse staatsrecht, 16e druk, (Electronische publicatie 2013). Deventer: Kluwer.
Mevis, P.A.M. (2013). Capita Strafrecht. Een thematische inleiding. (Bewerking voor 7e druk). Nijmegen: Ars Aequi Libri.
Scheltema, M., Scheltema, M. (2013). Gemeenschapelijk recht. Wolters Kluwer.
Spier, J., Hartlief, T., Keirse, A.L.M., Lindenbergh, S.D., Vriesendorp, R. (2013). Verbintenissen uit de wet en schadevergoeding. Wolters Kluwer, used at all Dutch law faculties.
Taekema, H.S., Gaakeer, A.M.P. & Loth, M.A. (2013). Recht in context. Een inleiding tot de rechtswetenschap, derde druk. Den Haag: Boom Juridische uitgevers.
Pacces, A. (2012). Rethinking Corporate Governance - The Law and Economics of Control Power. Routledge.
Bleichrodt, F.W., Verbaan, J.H.J. & Verbeek, R.J. (2010). F.A.J. Koopmans, Het beslissingsmodel van 348/350 Sv (twaalfde druk). Deventer: Kluwer.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 117 Use of research products by stakeholders
This section demonstrates the use by policymakers, legislators, the judiciary and general public. It includes the following indicators: ‘References made in case law, legislation and policy documents’, ‘Cooperation with the judiciary and policymakers’ and ‘Contract research’. Said indicators demonstrate the use of academic knowledge and expertise by acknowledging references made to either in legal proceedings, political debates and the legislative process; in the engagement of academic researchers as (part-time) judges, arbitrators, policy officers or advisors; and in providing public funds for subsidising research.
References made in case law and policy documents (highlights)215
Jongh, J.M., de (2014, January 23). Tussen 'societas' en 'universitas'. De beursvennootschap en haar aandeelhouders in historisch perspectief. EUR (712 pag.). This cum laude PhD- research influenced case law through the decision of the Dutch Supreme Court of 4 April 2014 (NJ 2014/286), dealing with standards of conduct for corporate directors in the setting of corporations. This PhD-research won the Harry Honée dissertation prize in 2015.
Scheltema, M.W., Scheltema, M. (2013). Gemeenschappelijk Recht. Wisselwerking tussen publiek- en privaatrecht. Deventer: Kluwer. The book is referred to by the Dutch Supreme Court.
Tervoort, A.J.S.M. (2013, October 17). Het bestuursverbod bij de commanditaire vennootschap. EUR (404 pag.) (Deventer: Kluwer). This cum laude PhD-research influenced case law through the decision of the Dutch Supreme Court of 29 May 2015 (NJ 2015/380), dealing with liability of a limited partner in a limited partnership.
Westrik, R. & Bruijn, P. de (2013). Convenant, echtscheidingsbeschikking en executoriale kracht. EB Tijdschrift voor scheidingsrecht, 2013(7/8), pp. 130-132.
Westrik, R. & Bruijn, P. de (2012). Convenant en echtscheidingsbeschikking: gezamenlijk gezag van gewijsde? EB Tijdschrift voor scheidingsrecht, 2012 (1), 11-13. The message and conclusion in the article of R. Westrik en P. de Bruijn in EB Tijdschrift voor scheidingsrecht 2012/1, p. 11-13 can be clearly recognised in the main decision of the Court of ’s-Hertogenbosch of 19 juni 2012, LJN: BW9156, RFR 2012/111, JPF 2012/108 m.nt. B.E. Reinhartz.
Nowak, T., Amtenbrink, F., Hertogh, M., Wissink, M. (2011). National Judges as European Judges. Knowledge, Experience and Attitudes of Lower Court Judges in Germany and the Netherlands. Den Haag: Eleven International Publishing. Referred to in Council of the Judiciary (Raad van de Rechtspraak) publication Rechtstreeks 2015. p. 36.
215 Of research output published in the period under review.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 118 Vandenberghe, A.M.I.B. (2011) Behavioural Approaches to Contract Law. In G. de Geest (Ed.), Contract Law and Economics (pp. 401-429). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Cited in an amicus letter for a court in California.
Westrik R. & Dooren, S.M.M. van (2011). De ‘samengestelde rechtshandeling en de Actio Pauliana, Weekblad voor Privaatrecht, Notariaat en Registratie (WPNR), 142(6879), pp. 246-254. The judgement of the Dutch Court RI 2013/117, Rechtbank Gelderland 7 August 2013 is quite similar to the more general theory of this article, also quoted by Advocate-General to the Dutch Supreme Court in his Conclusion to HR 12 juli 2013, RI 2014/11.
Amtenbrink, F., Vedder, H.H.B. (2010). Recht van de Europese Unie. Den Haag. Boom Juridische uitgevers. The book is referred to on several occasions by the Dutch Supreme Court.
Scheltema M.W., J.H. Geerdink (2010). Klimaatverandering en (schade door) water. Klimaat en recht: is het recht klaar voor klimaatverandering? / W.Th. Braams (red.), A.B. van Rijn (red.), M.W. Scheltema. Kluwer. p. 59-91. Recht en praktijk - staats- en bestuursrecht; 2 ISBN 9789013078664; en Braams W.Th., A.B. van Rijn en M.W. Scheltema (2010) Het recht van het klimaat: klimaatverandering vanuit een juridisch perspectief. Klimaat en recht: is het recht klaar voor klimaatverandering? / W.Th. Braams (red.), A.B. van Rijn (red.), M.W. Scheltema. Kluwer. p. 1-19 Recht en praktijk - staats- en bestuursrecht; 2 ISBN 9789013078664. Cited by jurisprudence in Urgenda-cases by the District court of The Hague.
Cools, K., Geerts, P.G.F.A., Kroeze, M.J. & Pijls, A.C.W. (2009). Het recht van enquête; een empirisch onderzoek. (External report, IVO-reeks, no 65). Deventer: Kluwer. This analysis was the basis of the overhaul of the right of inquiry as implemented in 2013.
Lindenbergh, S.D. (2009-2015): Citations of his publications can be found in 62 opinions of Advocats General at the Supreme Court of The Netherlands. Direct citation in court verdict (Groninger aardbevingsschade): Rechtbank Noord-Nederland 2 September 2015, ECLI:NL:RBNNE:2015:4185:4.4.3.
ESL-affiliated researchers holding (part-time) positions with the judiciary and with government bodies (highlights)
ESL collaborates on a structural basis with the District Court of Rotterdam in the Stichting Juridische Samenwerking aan de Maas [Foundation for Judicial Cooperation by the Maas]. Moreover, several ESL-affiliated researchers hold (part-time) positions with the judiciary or government bodies.
Assink, prof.mr. B.F., Deputy Judge Court of Appeal Arnhem-Leeuwarden.
Beijerse, dr. mr. J., Uit., Judge Criminal Court of Rotterdam.
Blomberg, prof.mr. A.B., Deputy Judge, District Court Utrecht.
Cohen Jehoram, prof. T., arbitrator in domain name disputes under the UDRP procedure.
Doelder, prof.mr. H. de, Deputy Judge, District Court Rotterdam; Deputy Judge, Court of Appeal s’Hertogenbosch; part-time Judge, Common Court in the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba.
Feteris, prof.dr. M.W.C., President of Dutch Supreme Court, per 1 November 2014; Councillor Extraordinary, Council of State, 1 March 2011.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 119 Gaakeer J., prof.mr.dr., Raadsheer, Gerechtshof Den Haag per 1 January 2012.
Graaf, prof.dr. A.C.G.A.C. de, Senior Beleidsmedewerker Ministerie van Financiën per 1 January 2011.
Hey, E. (2008-2014). Member of the Aarhus Compliance Committee.
Houweling, R. Member of the Commission Cassation in the interests of the Labour Law (CCA).
Koster, H., Deputy Judge at the Court of Appeal in Amsterdam.
Kramer, prof.mr.dr. X.E., Deputy Judge, District Court Rotterdam, per 1 January 2008.
Kroeze, prof.mr. M.J., arbitrator Dutch Arbitration Institute.
Lindenbergh, prof.mr. S.D., Deputy Judge, District Court Haarlem and the District Court The Hague; Deputy Judge, Court of Appeal Arnhem; Invited speaker by the members of the Supreme Court of The Netherlands on 13 January 2009 and on 11 March 2014.
Makkinga, mr. F.J.H.L., Deputy Judge, District Court Oost-Brabant, per 1 June 2013; Deputy Judge District Court Groningen, per 1 January 2011.
Marle, prof. H., Forensic Expert at Court of Appeal Amsterdam.
Mevis, prof.mr. P.A.M., Deputy Judge at the Criminal Court Rotterdam; Deputy Judge Court of Appeal Amsterdam.
Schep, mr.dr. A.W., Deputy Judge, District Court Rotterdam, per 1 December 2005; Deputy Judge District Court Breda, tot 1 June 2015.
Struijk, mr.dr. S., Deputy Judge, District Court Rotterdam, per 1 December 2012.
Vletter-van Dort, prof. mr.dr. H. Deputy Judge, Court of Appeal The Hague.
Verrest, prof.Mr.dr. P.A.M., Raadsadviseur Ministerie van Veiligheid en Justitie per 15 April 2016.
Woude, prof.mr. M.H. van der, Judge, General Court, Luxemburg.
ESL-affiliated researchers holding (part-time) positions in legal practice
A number of ESL-affiliated researchers work as attorneys at law.
Prof.mr. B.F. Assink: Nauta Dutilh
Prof.mr. A.B. Blomberg: NGNB Advocaten
Prof.mr.dr. G.J.M.E. de Bont: De Bont Advocaten
Prof.mr.dr. T. Cohen Jehoram: De Brauw Blackstone Westbroek
Prof. mr. R.A.A. Duk: BarentsKrans
Mr. dr. J.H. Even: SteensmaEven Advocaten
Mr.dr. G.K. Fibbe: Baker Tilly Berk
Prof.dr. S.J.C. Hemels: Allen & Overy
Prof.mr. J.B.S. Hijink: Stibbe
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 120 Prof.mr.dr. A.R. Houweling: legal counsel DingemansVanderKind
Prof.mr. G.J. Meijer: Nauta Dutilh
Prof.mr. A.I.M. van Mierlo: Nauta Dutilh
Prof.mr. H.N. Schelhaas: Stibbe
Prof.dr. F.G.M. Smeele: Van Traa Advocaten (1998-2010)
Prof. mr. M.W. Scheltema: Pels Rijcken & Droogleever Fortuijn
Mr.dr. M. Spanjaart LLM: Kneppelhout & Korthals Advocaten
Prof.dr. Sharon Oded: Senior Associate De Brauw Blackstone Westbroek
Mr.dr. G.W. van der Voet: AKD
Mr. R. Westrik: Head Research Office Holla Lawyers
Mr. Dr. M.F. de Wilde: professional support lawyer Loyens & Loeff
Contract research (highlights)
This indicator focuses on research commissioned by non-university partners such as industry, government ministries, European bodies and charitable organisations in return for compensation to researchers or their department. Such definition of contract research corresponds with the VSNU Standard Evaluation Protocol 2015-2021.
Amtenbrink, F., Blokker, N., Van den Bogaert, S., Cuyvers, A., Heine, K., Hillion, C. Kantorowicz, J., Lenk, H., Repasi, R. (2015), The European Union's Role in International Economic Fora, Paper 1: The G20. Study on behalf of the European Parliament. Directorate General for Internal Affairs. Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy.
Fischer, T.F.C. & Reemst, L. van, (2015), Project ‘Slachtofferschap onder Publieke Taak werknemers’. Financiering deelprojecten door Politie & Wetenschap en door het ministerie van BZK; Impact met verschillende (inter-)nationale wetenschappelijke en maatschappelijke publicaties. Onderzoek naar ervaringen van agressie en geweld door burgers tegen medewerkers in Publieke Taken.
Haas, N.E. (2015), Het project: ‘Dak- en thuislozen - uit de bak en aan de bak’. In opdracht van organisatie Springplank040 te Eindhoven. Onderzoek naar de problematiek die speelt bij een groep economisch dak- en thuislozen en ervaringen op meerdere leefdomeinen (wonen, financiën, werk, gezondheid, middelengebruik, criminaliteit en sociale relaties).
Kramer, X.E. (2015), DG Justice, ‘Building EU civil justice: comparative and harmonising perspectives on access to justice and judicial competition’.
Mevis, P.A.M., Wolf, M.J.F. van der, Marle, H.J.C. van & Struijk, S. (2015), ‘Evaluatie Beginselenwet verpleging ter beschikking gestelden (Bvt), onder WODC projectnummer 2572.)’; financiering in opdracht van en gefinancierd door het WODC. Het huidige, nog lopende onderzoek naar de wetsevaluatie van de Beginselenwet verpleging ter beschikkinggestelden.
Verbaan, J.H.J. & Bakker, S.V. (2015), ‘Analyse ten behoeve van de strategische visie strafrechtelijk handhavingskader van de IGZ’. Samenwerking i.h.k.v. de Inspectie voor de Volksgezondheid; financiering in opdracht van en gefinancierd door het WODC.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 121 Wingerde, C.G. van & Mascini, P. (2015), ‘Regisseurs in een nachtwakerstaat’. Gefinancierd door Handhaving en Gedrag, Centrum voor Criminaliteitspreventie en veiligheid. Een empirisch onderzoek naar de spanningen die ISZW-inspecteurs ervaren tussen sanctioneren en zelfreguleren bij de handhaving van arbeidsomstandighedenwetgeving.
Bunt, H.G. van de & Wingerde, C.G. (2014), Police and Science Research Program Grant, project ‘How does it end? A study into the outcome of criminal cases of the Monitor Organized Crime’. The research project focuses on discrepancies between the demanded sanctions and the actual sanctions executed in cases of organized crime.
Houweling, A.R., Loonstra, C.J. & Duk, R.A.A. (2014), Project ‘Arbeidsrecht 2.0 of Moderne arbeidsverhoudingen in een mondiale en dynamische (arbeids)markt’. Financiering Scholtens Wisselleerstoel (een jaarlijkse funding van 125k) Henk van de Bunt (vanaf 1995) Projecttitel ‘Monitor Georganiseerde Criminaliteit’ Financiering: WODC, in samenwerking met VU.
Smeele, F.G.M., Tiggele-van de Velde, N. van, Arcuri, A., Monsma, A.P., Schep, A.W., Wilde, M.F. de, Stevens, F.L. & Rensen, N. (2014-2015), Project: ‘Financial instrument to facilitate safe and sound ship recycling’. Financiering in opdracht van de Europese Commissie en in samenwerking met Ecorys en Det Norske Veritas/Germanischer Lloyd (DNV/GL). Resulted among other in a report Smeele, F.G.M. & Stevens, F.L. (2016). Financial Risks For Ports of Refuge, Report on the compensation of losses sustained by a port of refuge as a result of granting access to a ship in distress.
Staring, R.H.J.M. (2014, ongoing), ‘Irreguliere migratiepatronen vanuit Syrië en Eritrea’ (1e publicatie 2016), in partnership with IND, funded by IND.
Staring, R.H.J.M. (2014, ongoing), ‘Young people of Turkish and Moroccan origin: sociocultural distance and support for armed struggle and IS?’ Cooperation Geelhoed i.s.m. and commissioned by Social Cultural Planning Office; Financing: Social and Cultural Planning Office.
Staring, R.H.J.M. & Hiah, J.W. (2014), Project ‘Social position of Turkish Dutch. Developments and risks of crime and radicalization’. Publication: Staring, R.H.J.M., Geelhoed, F., Aslanoglu, G., Hiah, J.W. & Kox, M.H. (2014). Ontwikkelingen in de maatschappelijke positie van Turkse Nederlanders. Risico's op criminaliteit en radicalisering? Den Haag: Boom/Lemma.
Verhoeven, W.J. (2014), Police and Science Research Program Grant, project ‘Effectiveness of police interviews and interrogations. (MSS) The relation between interview and interrogation techniques and suspects’ willingness to give a statement’, by the programme Police and Science. This project aims to understand why specific interview and interrogation techniques are effective in eliciting a statement from a suspect whereas others are not. To this end, social psychological theory on mechanisms of influence and persuasion will be used to deduce hypotheses about the conditions under which certain techniques are effective. These hypotheses will be tested with sophisticated statistical analyses of coded video tapes of police interrogations. Using the Dutch interrogation practice, the project contributes to the existing literature both theoretically as well as empirically.
Bleichrodt, F.W. & Struijk, S. (2013) in samenwerking met Criminologie (bronvermelding: Bunt, H.G. van de, Bleichrodt, F.W., Struijk, S., Leeuw, P.H.P.M. de & Struik, D. (2013). Gevangen in de EBI. Een empirisch onderzoek naar de Extra Beveiligde Inrichting (EBI) in Vught. Den Haag: Boom Lemma uitgevers.
Erp, J.G. van, Bunt, H.G. van de (2012), received funding for a research project ‘Smart Governance, private parties from facilitators of organized crime to facilitators of prevention’. This project is a collaboration between Tu Delft, Harvard University Kennedy School of Government, and funded by the cities of Rotterdam and Velsen and the ministry of Justice. It evaluates two experiments in these cities where private parties are invited to collaborate with
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 122 local government to prevent organised crime. These public-private partnerships raise many questions about the use of incentives and coercion; the sharing of information and trust; and the monitoring and measurement of results, which will be addressed in this study by evaluating two on-going projects.
Wingerde, C.G. (2012), funding from the research programme ‘Enforcement and Behavior’ for the project ‘Sanction perceptions of enforcement officials. An empirical investigation into the perceptions of enforcement officials on sanctions and motives for sanctioning’. This research project investigates how regulators perceive sanctions, how their perception on the proportionality and the effectiveness of the sanction influences their decision to impose a sanction or give a warning, and the consequences thereof for the practice of regulatory enforcement. A mixed methods study on regulatory enforcement in the Netherlands, combining literature review, (vignette) surveys, on-site observations, and in-depth interviews is designed to conduct the proposed research.
Kramer, X. (2012) funding from Tender European Parliament for ‘European framework of private international law (concert with ASSER)’.
Bunt, H. van de (2012) funding from Politie en Wetenschap for ‘Toezicht op zedendelinquenten’.
Hey, E. (2012) funding from Next Generations ‘Hybrid Institutions/Watermanagement’.
Boom, W de (2011) funding from Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for ‘Arbitration 2011’.
Lindenbergh, S. (2011) funding from Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for ‘Cie Lindenbergh RK Kerk’.
Kramer, X. (2011) funding from WODC: Ministry of Security and Justice for ‘Excecutoriale titel op incassoterrein’.
Zwirs. B. (2011) funding from Politie & Wetenschap for ‘Slachtofferschap politieagenten’.
Bunt, H. van de (2011) funding from Ministry of Justice for ‘Evaluatie extra beveiligde inrichting’.
Staring, R. (2011) funding from Ministry of Justice for ‘Turkse allochtonen en radicalisering’.
Fischer, T. (2011) funding from De Reclassering for ‘RISc instelling’.
Bleichrodt, E. (2011) funding from Ministry for Home Affairs & Kingdom Relation, Court of Justice of Curacao for ‘Antilles 2011-2012’.
Bleichrodt, E. (2011) funding from WODC: Ministry of Security and Justice for ‘Betekening van gerechtelijke stukken’.
Erp, J. van (2011) Politie en Wetenschap for ‘Gezocht maar ook gevonden?’.
Faure, M. (2010) from European Commission Tender for ‘Vague notions in environmental criminal law’.
Boom, W.H. van & Erp, J. van (2010) funding from Research contract granted by the Dutch Independent Post and Telecommunications Authority (OPTA; the Hague) For ‘Self-regulation in the telecommunications sector’.
Bunt, H. van de (2010) funding from WODC: Ministry of Security and Justice for ‘Rechtsbijstand politieverhoor’.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 123 Bunt, H. van de (2010) funding from WODC: Ministry of Security and Justice for ‘Innovatie aanbod gedragsinterventie’.
Bunt, H. van de (2010) funding from WODC: Ministry of Security and Justice for Bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid: wanbeleid.
Mevis, P. (2010) funding from WODC: Ministry of Security and Justice for ‘Vergroting slagvaardigheid strafrecht’.
Henrard. K. (2010) funding from Conference Minority Research Networks for ‘Socio- economic participation of minorities in relations to their right to (respect for) identity’.
Lee, Y. (2010) funding from Ministry of Home Affairs and Kingdom Relations: 2010-2013 for ‘Reform of the administrative litigation. China Law Centre’.
Huls, N. (2009) funding from WODC: Ministry of Security and Justice for ‘Kennis en Informatiepositie van het OM’.
Faure, M. (2009) from the European Commission for ‘Effective penalties in the implementation of the environmental crime and the ship source pollution directive: questions and challenges’.
Boom, W.H. van (2009) funding from Research contract granted by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs for ‘Private enforcement and redress in cases of scattered and slight damage claims’.
Boom, W.H. van & Faure M., funding from research contract granted by the Dutch Insurers’ Personal Injury Institute (PIV, The Hague) for ‘Efficiency in the personal injury settlement process’.
Boom, W.H. van (2009) funding from WODC: Ministry of Security and Justice for ‘Maatschappelijke reguleringsinstrumenten II’.
Ly, F. de, (2009) funding from WODC: Ministry of Security and Justice ‘Massaschade’.
Mulder. R. de, (2009) funding from Jurix for ‘Jurix 2009’.
Erp, J. van (2009) funding from St. Politie en Toezicht.
Fischer, T. & Zwirs, B. (2009) funding from St. Politie en Toezicht.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 124 Marks of recognitions by peers
This section focuses on the acknowledgement by peers of the proficiency and knowledge of ESL researchers. The indicators used are the following: ‘Grants, awards and honours’, ‘Guest professorships and fellowships’, ‘Visiting professorships and fellowships’, ‘Speeches, chairmanship of congresses, key notes, guest lectures’, ‘Membership of editorial boards’ and ‘Membership of scientific committees’.
Grants, awards and honours
The indicator reflects marks of recognition of ESL research in several categories. It is subdivided in ‘Grants in competition’ for research funding obtained through a competitive process; ‘Awards’ for academics who excel in one or multiple areas; and ‘Honours’ that mentions those honours received in recognition of superior academic standing.
Grants in competition
See Appendix 4 for a compleet overview of grants awarded in the period 2009-2015.
Awards (highlights)
Assink, Harry Honée Dissertation prize.
De Jongh, Harry Honée Dissertation prize.
Desmet, Best paper award from the Academy of Management Organizational Behavior Division.
Faure, Highly Commended Award by The Emerald LiteratiNetwork for the paper 'Compensating victims of bankrupted financial institutions; a law and economic analysis' in the journal 'Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance', vol. 19, no. 2, 2011.
Faure, Senior Scholar Award 2013 of the IUCN Academy of Environmental Law.
Fibbe, Mitchell B. Caroll prize 2009 of the International Fiscal Association for doctoral thesis ‘EC Law Aspects of Hybrid Entities’, IBFD 2009, Doctoral Series no. 15.
Gaakeer, James Boyd White award, contributions to the field of law and humanities.
Giard, VBR Publication prize 2011 (the Annual Publication Prize by the Dutch Association for Civil Law (Vereniging voor Burgerlijk Recht).
Grabovets, Award for Outstanding Reviewer. Academy of Management (AoM) conference, Health Care Management Division: Boston, Massachusetts (2012, August 20).
Heine & Dominiono, MIT climate Colab competition category transportation, Best paper award.
Khan, Drucker challenge Essay prize.
Makinwa-Falase, HiiL Law of the Future Young Talent Award.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 125 Pham, Best PhD researcher proposal, Fifth Financial Markets and Corporate Governance Conference, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point.
Tiggele-van der Velde, van. Hudig-Langeveldt Prijs.
Van den Berg, award ‘Best Prepared and Most Responsive Arbitrator’ from Global Arbitration Review (GAR).
Van den Bergh, European Association of Law and Economics (EALE) Life-time achievement award.
The European Master programme in Law and Economics (EMLE), award ‘the Erasmus Mundus recognition’ by the European Commission in 2004, in 2009 and again in 2014.
Honours (highlights)
Prof. P. Balkenende received ‘Karoli Penning’ honorary Doctorate from Karoly Gaspar Reformed University (Budapest, Theology) and an honorary doctorate from Hofstra University (New York).
Prof. P. Balkenende received honorary doctorate of Hope College (Holland, Michigan, Law).
Prof. M. Faure selected as Academy Member of the Royal Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW).
Prof. N. Huls appointed Extraordinary professor, University of Pretoria.
Prof. C. Sunstein received an honorary doctorate from the EUR (Dies Natalis).
Prof. L. Winkel received the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws of the University of Edinburgh (Scotland).
Prof. J. de Zwaan received a Commemorative medal of the Comenius University in Bratislava.
Guest professorships and fellowships (outgoing) (highlights)
The indicator provides an overview of the outgoing academic mobility of ESL researchers.
Amtenbrink, F. (2015), Visiting teaching professor European University Institute (Florence). Academy of European Law.
Henrard, K.A.M (2015), senior non-resident researcher at the European Centre on Minority Issues in Flensburg (Germany).
Mak, E. (2015), visiting Fellow (April-May) at Institute of European and Comparative Law, University of Oxford.
Swaaningen, R., van (2015), Distinguished Visitor aan University of Central Lancashire Law School.
Ali, N.T. (2014), visiting scholar, Lauterpacht Center for International Law, University of Cambridge, UK.
Burg, W. van der (2014 - ), visiting professor, Queen Mary University London.
Koster, H. (2014 - 2016) Dean of the Faculty of law at the University of Dubai.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 126 Kramer, X.E. (2014), visiting scholar, Stanford Law School, Stanford University, California, United States; Visiting professor Global Law School University of Leuven.
Temperman, J.D. (2014 - ), visiting scholar, American University Washington College of Law.
Vletter-van Dort, H.M. (2014 - ), visiting Research Professor, New York University (and since 2013 – senior visiting fellow at NYU Pollack Center for Law & Business).
Wingerde, C.G. van (2014), visiting scholar, Irvine School of Law/School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine (UCI).
Wolf, M.J.F. van der (2014 - ), visiting Fellow, Clare Hall College, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge.
Arcuri, A., (2013 - ), Jean Monnet Fellow, European University Institute, Florence Italy (EUI).
Boom, W.H. van, (2013 - ), part-time professor, Durham Law School.
Gyongyi, P.M. (2013), visiting Fellow, Research Institute on Judicial Systems (IRSiG-CNR), Bologna, Italy.
Hey, E. (2013 - ), visiting Professorial Fellow, University of New South Wales (UNSW).
Hodges, C.S.J. (2013 - ), Honorary Professor, the China University for Political Science and Law, Beijing; Guest Professor at Wuhan University, Wuhan; Life Member at Wolfson College, Oxford; visiting Professor, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven’s Global Law School Program.
Klick, J.M. (2013 - ), visiting professor, Yale Law School.
Kramer, X.E. (2013 - 2014), visiting professor, Global Law School (TPR Chair) at Catholic University Leuven, Belgium.
Vletter-van Dort, H.M. (2013 - 2014), senior Visiting Fellow, NYU Pollack Center for Law and Business.
Amtenbrink, F. (2011), visiting teaching professor, Hofstra University New York & University of Baltimore Winter Law School
Ali, N.T. (2011), visiting Research Fellow, Hofstra University Law School.
Burg, W., van der (2011), visiting fellow, Centre for Ethics at University of Toronto.
Boom, W.H., van (2011 - 2012), visiting professor, TPR rotating chair at University of Leuven.
Mak, E. (2012), visiting Fellow, European University Institute (Law Department), Florence.
Rogier, L.J.J. (2012), special/visiting professor, University of the Netherlands Antilles.
Faure, M.G. (2011), visiting professor, the Law and Economics Center of the Central University of Political Science and Law (Beijing).
Mak, E. (2011), visiting Researcher, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington DC.
Amtenbrink F., (2009 - ), visiting professor, the College of Europe (Bruges campus).
Amtenbrink, F. (2009), visiting professor, Graduiertenkolleg ‘Foundations of Global Financial Markets - Stability and Change’, University of Jena and University of Halle (Germany)
Faure, M.G. (2009), visiting professor, the University of Pennsylvania Law School.
Mak, E. (2009), visiting Researcher, Centre for European Legal Studies, University of Cambridge.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 127 Visiting professorships and fellowships (incoming) (highlights)
Professor R. Angara, School of Economics, University of Hyderabad. Seminars of EDLE programme on ‘Problems and Issues of developing countries from a law and economics approach’.
Dr. Y.C. Chang, Associate Research Professor at Academia Sinica, Moot court session on good faith doctrine; presentation at BACT seminar.
Dr. F. Deyneli, University of Denizli, Turkey, Research on ‘Efficiency of judiciary: Comparative analysis between Turkey and the Netherlands’.
Dr. N. Lord, School of Law, University of Manchester, Lunch lecture ‘Regulating Corporate Bribery in International Business: Anti-corruption in the UK and Germany’.
Professor B. Jianlin, director of the Procedure Law Research Institute at CUPL and head of the Institute of Procedure Law in the China Law Society, Presentation on the latest developments in Chinese Criminal Procedure Law.
Professor L. Mei, head of the Institute of Criminal Procedure Law in the Criminal Justice College at CUPL, Presentation on legislative Revisions on Criminal Trial Proceedings in China.
Professor Y. Yuguan, deputy director of the Procedure Law Research Institute at CUPL, Presentation on the Exclusionary Rule of Illegally Obtained Evidence in China.
Professor M. Chunlei, doctorial tutor in the Law School of Jilin University, member of the Cooperation Center on 2011 Plan on Modernization and Civilization of Judicial System, Presentation on the latest developments in proof in the Chinese Criminal Procedure.
Professor K. Franko Aas, University of Oslo: Lecture on Criminology and its Geopolitical Divisions.
Professor B. Carpenter, Queensland University of Technology, Australia: Death in Custody.
Presentation on the Australian prison system and detention of aliens.
Dr. C. Ruiz Hidalgo, Universiteit Vigo, Spain, Research on port taxation and consultations with prof.dr. A.J.A. Stevens, mr. A.P. Monsma and prof.mr. F.G.M. Smeele.
Dr. V. Kumar, Azim Premji University in Bangalore, EMLE Erasmus Mundus Visiting Scholar.
Professor E. Mackaay, Emeritus Professor of Law, Université de Montreal and Fellow, CIRANO, Canada.
Professor. J. Scott Johnston, Virginia Law faculty, the Henry L. and Grace Doherty Charitable Foundation Professor of Law and the Nicholas E. Chimicles Research Professor in Business Law and Regulation.
Professor Q. Zhou, University of Leeds, Associate Professor of Law.
Dr. K. Purnhagen, Wageningen University, Assistant Professor in Law at the Law and Governance Group.
Professor. E. Silvestri, University of Pavia, Italy, Guest seminar Mandatory mediation: A red hot potato?
Professor P.S. Berman, George Washington University, Guest seminar on the Global Legal Pluralism, followed by comments by three readers from the programme, prof. E. Hey, A. Sting and T.E. Riesthuis.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 128 Professor J.M. Klick, University of Pennsylvania Law School and Visiting Professor at the Yale University.
Professor J.J. Rachlinski, Cornell Law School.
Professor N.J. Rickman, University of Surrey.
Professor M.W.C. Feteris, Head of the Netherlands Council of State.
Professor R. Silverman, University of Toronto, Participation in the programme Behavioural Approaches to Contract and Tort.
Professor D. Brotherton, City University New York.
Professor M. Presdee, University of Kent, Participation in the programme Monitoring Safety and Security.
Professor P. Glenn, McGill University, Montreal, Participation in the programme Rethinking the Rule of Law.
Dr. J. Zhang, University of Beijing, China.
Professor N.Butakova, Civil and Labour Law Department, North-West Academy of Public Administration, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Dr. X. Zhao, China University of Political Science and Law, research in Erasmus China Law Center.
Dr. T. Baskaran, assistant professor at the Department of Economics of the University of Göttingen, Germany.
Dr. Q. Zhou, School of Law of the University of Sheffield (England), ESL Distinguished International Visitor.
Speeches, chairmanship of congresses, key notes, guest lectures (highlights)
The indicator focuses on the recognition of ESL researchers by their peers. Such recognition may be accorded in the form of an invitation to deliver a speech, chair a congress, provide key notes, and guest lectures.
Amtenbrink, F. (2015, December 8): moderator dinner debate 'Safety and Security: Financial Market Regulation and Supervision', 7th European Innovation Summit, European Parliament, Brussels.
Amtenbrink, F. (2015, December 2): moderator workshop 'Financiële instellingen', Congres Maatschappelijke Impact Van Alfa- en Gammawetenschappen, University of Utrecht. Amtenbrink, F. (2015, January 29): speech 'Talent en Excellentie: op zoek naar nieuwe wegen', 1e juridische jaarcongres Onderzoek, Tilburg University.
Amtenbrink, F. (2015): participant in a panel discussion on 7 'The Role of Law, Experimentalist and Parliamentary Scrutiny in Economic Governance', NIAS / EURO-CEFG workshop 'European Union Decision-Making and Challenges to economic and Financial Governance', Wassenaar (NL).
Amtenbrink, F. (2015, November 18): invited speaker 'The Constitutional Implications of the Economic Adjustment Programmes - A Mapping Exercise', European University Institute &
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 129 University of Helsinki workshop 'Community of Debt. The Transnationalisation of Debt and Solidarity in Europe', Florence.
Amtenbrink, F. (2015, November 5-6): invited speaker 'The transformation of the European Central Bank in the Crisis: a critical account', international conference organised by the European Community Studies Association in coorperation with the University of Salzburg, Salzburg.
Amtenbrink, F. (2015, October 9): speaker 'Some Reflections on Legitimacy and Accountability of the Euro and the Union', Inaugural Common Market Law Review Conference, University of Liverpool.
Amtenbrink, F. (2015, September 11-12): invited speaker 'Compliance and Enforcement in Economic Policy Coordination in EMU', European Group of Public Law Annual Conference, Spetses, Greece.
Amtenbrink, F. (2015, July 7-10): specialised course 'Harmonizing Financial Services in the European Union: Liberalization and (Re-)Regulation in Times of Crisis', European University Institute, Academy of European Law, Summer School, Florence.
Amtenbrink, F. (2015, July 2): lecture ' Revisiting the independence and democratic accountability of the European Central Bank after the crisis', ACCESS summer law school, VU University Amsterdam.
Amtenbrink, F. (2015, June 26): speaker 'The Many Open Ends of New EU Economic Governance', School of Law of UCLan Cyprus Round Table Discussions on 'New economic governance in the Euro area - scope and limitations' & 'Legal aspects of the European Banking Union', EU House, Nicosia
Amtenbrink, F. (2015, June 4): invited speaker 'The State and Future of the Internal Market Constitution after the Introduction of the Banking Union', Deutsch-Italienisches Zentrum fuer Europaeische Exzellenz, international conference 'Constitutional Challenges of the European Economic and Monetary Union - Italian and German Perspectives, Villa Vigoni, Italy.
Amtenbrink, F. (2015, March 23) : guest lecture 'Crisis in the Eurozone: Major Challenges and their Implications for the Future of European (Economic) Integration, Korea University, School of Law, Seoul, South Korea.
Amtenbrink, F. (2015, March 13): invited speaker 'The State of the European (Economic and Monetary) Union at the beginning of 2015', King’s College London Annual European Law Conference.
Amtenbrink, F. & Repasi, R., (2015, February): Dutch Central Bank (De Nederlandse Bank), organization of a workshop on legal challenges facing the ECB in its role in crisis management & financial supervision.
Amtenbrink, F. & Repasi, R. (2015 February): presentation ‘Ten Propositions on the Legal Challenges Facing the ECB in its Role in Crisis Management & Financial Supervision’, De Nederlandse Bank in-house roundtable on the ECB’s unconventional monetary measures.
Arendonk, H.P.A.M. van (2015, November 13): lecture Vrijheid van vestiging in Europees perspectief. Universiteit van Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Lezing in kader van de postdoctorale opleiding belastingrecht.
Bont, G.J.M.E. de (2015, June 13): lecture The exchange of tax information for the purposes of criminal proceedings in the Benelux countries. Liège, IFA.
Buijze, R. (2015, July 09): presentation Approaches towards the application of tax incentives for cross-border philanthropy. Paris, European Research Network On Philanthropy.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 130 Gaakeer, A.M.P. (2015, June 24 - 26): organisation, coordination and teaching SSR Summercourse 'Rechtspraak, taal en literatuur' voor de rechterlijke macht: University College Roosevelt, Middelburg.
Li, Y. (2015): paper presentation at conference of the European China Legal Studies Association in Hamburg: ‘National Treatment in China’s Foreign Investment Law’.
Mak, E. (2015, June 5): presentation Le juge supreme et la mondialisation: cooperation conflictuelle et darwinisme judiciaire. Paris, seminaire de l'IHEJ et de la Cour de cassation.
Monsma, A.P. (2015, June 17): presentation Local taxes in international perspective. Amsterdam, IPTI's 10th Mass Appraisal Valuation Symposium-Modernising Property Tax Systems.
Pacces, A.M. (2015, February 17): panel speaker on ‘A Corporate Governance Model for Europe: Is Diversity Sustainable?’ Brussels, ECMI Conference at CEPS.
Pacces, A.M. (2015, September 30): keynote speaker on ‘The Role of Law for Entrepreneurship in Corporate Governance’. Stockholm, SNS Corporate Governance Roundtable. SNS Stockholm.
Stevens, A.J.A. (2015, May 05): presentation Die Niederländische Tonnagebesteuerung: eine vergleichende Darstel-lung zur Deutschen Regelung. Bremen, Forum für Rechnungslegung und Steuern Bremen/Universität Bremen.
Stevens, A.J.A. (2015, July 01): presentation Taxation of Dutch port companies. University of Vigo, Port seminar.
Taekema, H.S. (2015, 2014, 2013): teaching module Interdisciplinary Legal Research. Utrecht, Follow up course Methodology for Human Rights Scholars (School of Human Rights Research).
Wilde, M.F. de (2015, May 29): presentation Taxing Multinational Enterprises: Towards an alternative model? Bogo-ta, Colombia, 29 May 2015, Colombian Institute of Tax Law–ICDT & Universidad de los Andes; II International Congress of Tax Law.
Amtenbrink, F. (2014, October 29): invited discussant Session 1 'Reverting Financial Disintegration: What implications for the future of the Euro area in the European Union? Macroeconomic and institutional outlook', ECMI Annual Conference 'Five years ahead: A New Action Plan for Europe's financial markets?' organised by European Capital Markets Institute (Centre for European Policies Studies) in collaboration with EURO-CEFG, Brussels.
Amtenbrink, F. (2014, July10-11): paper presentation 'Five Propositions on Economic Policy in the Euro Area after the Crisis: the Union's (not-so) New Enforcement Toolbox', WZB Berlin Social Center, Rule of Law Center, Workshop 'Enforcing the Law against Recalcitant Member States'.
Amtenbrink F. (2014, 28 - 31 May): general rapporteur for Topic 1 ‘The Economic and Monetary Union: Constitutional and Institutional Aspects of the Economic Governance within the EU’ at the XXVI 2014 FIDE (Fédération Internationale pour le Droit Européen) congress in Copenhagen, in charge of providing the general report, as well as chairing a total of 6 sessions during the conference.
Amtenbrink, F. (2014): The economic and Monteray Union: Constitutional and Institutional Aspects of the Economic Governance within the EU: General Report. (Extern rapport). Copenhagen: DJOF Publishing.
Hemels, S.J.C. & Buijze, R. (2014, October 24): presentation Cross border charitable giving: tax barriers and how to overcome those barriers. Copenhagen Business School, the CBS
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 131 Center for Civil Society Studies, International Research Network of Arts Philantropy Mini- Conference ‘The State of the Art of Financing the Arts: Philantropy versus Government Grants.
Hemels, S. (2014, November): lecture Fairness & taxation in a globalised world, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Kyoto University, Graduate School of Economics; Kansai University, Faculty of Commerce; Meiji Gakuin University, Faculty of Economics, Department of Business Administration.
Hemels, S. (2014, November): lecture Housing taxation in the Netherland,. Meikai University, Faculty of real estate science; Lecture How tax legislation can support private patronage of the arts and cultural heritage. Tokoha University, Conference Cultural heritage and landscapes as local resources; Lecture Japanese culture in the Netherlands, Tokoha University, Faculty of Law, Setsunan University, Faculty of Economics.
Hemels, S. (2014, November): lecture Tax and social security in the Netherlands. Tokoha University, Faculty of Law; Lecture Tax incentives for the creative industries. Doshisha University, Faculty of Economics; Lecture The attractiveness of the Netherlands for Japanese investors: a focus on tax. Setsunan University, Faculty of Economics.
Mevis, P.A.M. (2014, December): presentation on an international symposium on Piracy in Copenhagen, as part of an international collaborative research network with the university of Odense and Hamburg.
Moon, R. (2014): guest lecture as a Professor of Law at Windsor University, Canada ‘Religion as the Subject of Hate Speech’ and ‘The Myth of Balancing Rights’.
Pacces, A.M. (2014, October 29): moderator of Law & Finance session on ‘Liquidity Regulation under Uncertainty’ (panel discussion). Brussels, 2014 ECMI Annual Conference at the National Bank of Belgium, in cooperation with the European Research Centre on Economic and Financial Governance (EURO-CEFG).
Pacces, A.M. (2014): A Strict Liability Regime for Rating Agencies. Contribution (together with Alessandro Romano) to the Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation, sponsored by the Harvard Law School Program on Corporate Governance.
Spierenburg, P. (2014): lectures in Australia on invitation by the Center for the History of Violence; at Australian National University; University of Newcastle in Newcastle, and Griffith University in Brisbane.
Struijk, S. (2014, September 22): contribution to ‘Substance Abuse by Repeat Offenders in the Netherlands. From diversion to coercion’. Tampa, Florida, US, Invited seminar, University of South Florida.
Swaaningen, R., van (2014, April 15): keynote speech at the 30th anniversary of the Common Study programme which was celebrated in London: Coming of Age: Developments in critical criminology during 30 years of the Common Study Programme. Londen, Common Study Session, Middlesex University.
Taekema, H.S. (2014): guest lectures in Amsterdam University.
Wingerde, C.G. van (2014, May 22): The Netherlands’ approach to negotiated settlements for corruption offences (Invited country expert). The Hague, Negotiated settlements for corruption offences. A European Perspective High-level workshop, The Hague University of Applied Sciences. The presentation of the Dutch approach to negotiated settlements for corruption offences.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 132 Wingerde, C.G. van (2014, October 30): invited lecture Deterrence as ritual? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology, Dept. of Criminology, Law, and Society, Visiting scholar panel.
Amtenbrink, F. (2013): 'Anmerkungen zur Unabhängigkeit und Rechenschaftspflicht der Europäischen Zentralbank im Lichte ihrer Rolle im einheitlichen Aufsichtsmechanismus', Court of Justice of the European Union workshop 'Währungsunion - Die EZB zwischen Unabhängigkeit und Rettungszwängen', 7. Luxemburger Expertenforum zur Entwicklung des Unionsrechts.
Amtenbrink, F. (2013): Hofstra University New York, Maurice A. Deane School of Law, guest lecture ‘The Euro Area Debt Crisis - A lawyer's view'.
Amtenbrink, F. (2013): University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Law, Asian Institute of International Financial Law (AIIFL), guest lecture with discussion on 'The Euro Area Debt Crisis and its Implications for the Future of the European Union'
Amtenbrink, F. (2013): Speaker plenary opening panel ‘EU Governance in a Global Crisis and Tensions with the Social Fabric of Societies’, at 43rd UACES Annual Conference, University of Leeds.
Amtenbrink, F. (2013): Invited guest lecturer on 'Revisiting ECB Independence and Accountability in the Light of the Euro Area Debt Crisis'. University of Brescia (Italy), department of economics and management.
Evers, M. (2013, May 16): BEPS: From Tax Competition to Tax Monopoly? London, Trilateral Meeting of the UK, Irish and Netherlands Branches of the International Fiscal Association.
Graaf, A.C.G.A.C. de (2013): panel-member Session on Neutralizing the effects of Hybrid Mismatch Arrangements. 18th Annual Tax Treaty Meeting: Paris (2013, September 26-27).
Raulus, H.S. (2013, October 17): EU citizens' rights, fundamental rights, judiciary and anti- corruption policies. Clingendael Institute, Matra course for young diplomats.
Temperman, J. (2013, September 16): contribution to An Introduction to International Human Rights Relating to Religion and Belief. Ho Chi Min City University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Saigon, Vietnam, Certificate Training Program on Religion and the Rule of Law.
Amtenbrink, F. (2012, December 11): Speech 'Towards better Economic Governance with the Fiscal Compact?' at the University of Stockholm Faculty of Law seminar 'The Legal Aspects of the Euro Pact'
Amtenbrink, F. (2012, September 14-15): General Rapporteur Session 2 'Public Law and the Current Crisis: Institutional Arrangements and Instruments of Action', 2012 Reunion of the European Group of Public Law
Amtenbrink, F. (2012, June 28 ): Key-note ‘Constitutional failings of the reform of European economic governance’
University of Birmingham, Institute of European Law 3rd Conference on European Law & Policy in Context ‘Integration or Disintegration?’
Hemels, S.J.C. (2012, October 3): contribution to Panel on cross-border charitable and other pro-bono contributions. Boston, International Fiscal Association (IFA) 2012 conference.
Pacces, A.M. (2012, October 26): presentation ‘The Law and Economics of Takeovers’. Conference Panel ‘Takeovers, tender offers and squeeze out’. Moscow, OECD 2012 Russian Corporate Governance Round Table.
Taekema, H.S. (2012, 2010): guest lectures in Groningen University.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 133 Amtenbrink, F. (2011, October 14): Paper presentation ‘What Role for the European Union in Shaping Global Financial Governance?’. University of Copenhagen Faculty of Law conference ‘The Legal Dimension of Global Governance: What Role for the EU?’.
Amtenbrink, F. (2011, October 13): paper presentation ‘Can Eurobonds be an Effective Economic Instrument in the Euro Area?’. International Monetary Fund & De Nederlandse Bank Joint Workshop ‘Preventing and Correcting Macroeconomic Imbalances in the Euro Area’.
Amtenbrink, F. (2011, May 6): paper presentation ‘Institutionelle Aspekte der neuen europäischen Finanzmarktregulierung und –aufsicht’. University of Leipzig (Germany) conference ‘Europäische Regulierungsstrukturen und -Netzwerke als Basis einer künftigen Infrastrukturvorsorge’.
Faure, M.G. (2011, March 25): invited lecture Environmental liability in Indonesia. University of Indonesia: Jakarta, Indonesia.
Faure, M.G. (2011, March 31): contribution Enforcement of environmental law through environmental liability. Centre of Law and Economics, CUPL: Beijing, China.
Heine, K. (2011, May 25 - 28): presentation Organizational design and tort liability. 6th Organization Studies Workshop 'Bringing Public Organization and Organizing Back In': Abbaye des Vaux de Cernay, Paris, France.
Membership of editorial boards (highlights)
Amtenbrink, F.: (2006-2010) Erasmus Law Review; (2009-2013) Revue Européenne de Droit de la Consommation / European Journal of Consumer Law; (2009 - ) European Law Review; (2011- ) Nijhoff Studies in EU Law Series (Brill) (monograph series); (2012 - ) Netherlands Yearbook of International Law
Arcuri, A., Cafaggi, F. & Simoncini, M. (2013): The European Journal of Risk Regulation.
Arendonk H.P.A.M. van (2009 - ): Maandblad Belastingbeschouwingen; EC Tax Review, Rechtspersonen; Pensioen- en andere toekomstvoorzieningen;
Bont G.J.M.E. de (2010 - ): Het Register, Maandblad Belasting Beschouwingen.
Engel, C.W. (2014): Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics.
Erp, J.G. van (2013): Recht der Werkelijkheid - Cahiers d'Anthropologie du Droit & Tijdschrift voor Criminologie & Tijdschrift voor Toezicht.
Graaf A.C.G.A.C. de (2012 - ): Maandblad Belasting Beschouwingen, Erasmus Law Review.
Faure M. (2009 - ): Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law; European Journal of Law and Economics; Review of European Community and International Environmental Law; European Environmental Law Review; Comparative Environmental Law and Policy monograph series (Kluwer Law International).
Feteris M.W.C. (2009 - ): FED fiscaal weekblad, Fiscale Monografieën.
Henrard, K.A.M. (2011 - ): International Journal on Minority and Group Rights; Netherlands International Law Review.
Hemels, S.J.C. (2009 - ): Weekblad Fiscaal Recht.
Hey, E. (2009 - ): Netherlands Yearbook of International Law; Erasmus Law Review.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 134 Houweling A.R. (Chief Ed.). (2015 - ): European Employment Law Cases (EELC); Member Ara, Chief Editor JIN, Cofounder (and member) TAP, Founder and Chief Editor (VAAN) AP Updates.nl.
Kiekebeld, B.J. (2009 - ): EC Tax Review.
Kogels H.A. (2009 - ): International VAT Monitor, Maandblad Belastingbeschouwingen, EC Tax Review.
Kramer, X. (2011): Nederlands Internationaal Privaatrecht.
Kroeze, M.J. (Chief Ed.). (2010 - ): Ondernemingsrecht; (Managing Ed.). (2010 - ): European Company and Financial Law Review; (2010 - ): Serie Ondernemingsrecht; (2010 - ): Uitgaven vanwege het Instituut voor Ondernemingsrecht; (2010 - ): Sdu Commentaar Ondernemingsrecht; (2010 - ): RMThemis (Rechtsgeleerd Magazijn Themis); Ondernemingsrecht; European Company and Financial Law Review.
Ly, F., de, (2014): Tijdschrift voor Arbitrage.
Mak, E. . (2014): Recht der Werkelijkheid - Cahiers d'Anthropologie du Droit.
Mascini, P. . (2014-): Recht der Werkelijkheid - Cahiers d'Anthropologie du Droit.
Nuytinck, prof. dr. A., annotator personen- en familierecht, huwelijksvermogensrecht en erfrecht, Ars Aequi.
Oenema, M.E. . (2012 - ): Tijdschrift voor Fiscale beheersing en Compliance, Vakblad Tax Assurance.
Sonderen J.C.M. van. (2009 - ): Ondernemingsrecht, Rechtspersonen.
Staring, R.H.J.M. . (2014): Tijdschrift voor Criminologie; CIROC Nieuwsbrief; (Ed., Co-founder). (2010): Tijdschrift over Cultuur en Criminaliteit.
Stevens, F.L. . (2015): Tijdschrift voor Internationale Handel en Transportrecht.
Struijk, S. . (2013 - ): Journal Sancties and Journal Delikt & Delinkwent.
Swaaningen, R. van & Haan, W.J.M. de (Eds.). (2015): Tijdschrift over Cultuur en Criminaliteit.
Swaaningen, R., van. (2009 - ): British Journal of Criminology; Criminal Justice Matters; Criminology and Criminal Justice; Critical Criminology; Punishment & Society; Déviance et Société; Studi sulla Questione Criminale; Het groene gras monograph series (Boom/Lemma).
Taekema, H.S. (2014): Law and Method; (2010 - ): Recht en Methode in onderzoek en onderwijs; Erasmus Law Review.
Temperman, J.D. (2011 - ): Religion and Human Rights.
Verheyen, W. (2015): Tijdschrift voor Belgisch Handelsrecht.
Visscher, L.T. . (2013): Aansprakelijkheid Verzekering en Schade (AV&S) & European Review of Law and Economics.
Wingerde van C. , Tijdschrift voor Criminologie and Tijdschrift voor Toezicht.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 135 Membership of scientific committees (highlights)
The recognition of outstanding ESL scholars by their peers is demonstrated, amongst others, by their membership of several scientific committees.
KNAW-members: Prof. dr. M.G. Faure Prof. mr. L. Timmerman
Young KNAW-member: Prof. dr. K.A.M. Henrard (2005-2010)
KNAW China Committee: Prof. Y. Li
NWO evaluation committees: Prof. Dr. F. Amtenbrink Dr A. Arcuri Prof. dr. H van de Bunt Dr. J. van Erp Prof. dr. J. Gaakeer Prof. mr. K.F. Haak Prof.dr. S.J.C. Hemels Prof. dr. K.A.M. Henrard Prof. dr. E. Hey Prof. mr. dr. X.E. Kramer Prof. dr. R de Lange Prof. mr. R.V. De Mulder
Other committees: Hey, E. (2015) Member Scientific Council K.G. Jebsen Centre for the Law of the Sea, University of Tromso, Norway.
Hey, E. (2014 - ) Member Scientific Council van het Stockholm Centre for International Law and Justice.
Kroeze, M. Institute for Cormpany Law, Vereniging Corporate Litigation; Vereeniging 'Handelsrecht'; Stichting Grotius Academie, Stichting Leerstoel Sportrecht, Curatorium leerstoel Corporate Litigation, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Erasmus Honours Law College.
De Ly, F. Member Algemeen Bestuur Nederlands Arbitrage Instituut; Member Arbitrage Commissie, International Chamber of Commerce; Member World Business Law Institute, International Chamber of Commerce; Lid London Court of International Arbitration; Chairman International Commercial Arbitration Committee, International Law Association.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 136 Marks of recognition by stakeholders
This section focuses on the marks of recognition that ESL scholars received from policymakers, legislators, and legal practitioners and includes as indicators ‘Membership of civil society and governmental advisory boards’, ‘Corporate sponsoring’, and ‘Civil-society subsidising’.
Membership of civil society and governmental advisory boards (highlights)
Prof.mr. B.F. Assink served on the Dutch expert panel on the revision of the right of inquiry in corporate law.
Mr.dr. J. uit Beijerse (2009 - ). Member of supervisory committee; juvenile of Hartelborgt.
Prof.mr. F.W. Bleichrodt – Advisory Committee concluded criminal cases (alternate member).
Prof.mr. W.H. van Boom was appointed in 2011 as ‘Onafhankelijk lid van de Commissie Consumentenaangelegenheden (CCA) van de Sociaal-Economische Raad (SER)‘: independent member of the Consumer Affairs Committee of the Social and Economic Council of the Netherlands; and as Chairman of the Self-Regulation Coordinating Committee of the Social and Economic Council of the Netherlands.
Mr. A.A. Bootsma – Committee on Company Law (Ministry of Security and Justice) (Secretary).
Prof. T. Cohen Jehoram, member Commissie van Acht (Committee of Eight), an expert committee advising the Dutch government on legal developments and legislation in the field of trademarks and designs; member Standing Committee on Trademarks of the AIPPI (l’Association Internationale pour la Protection de la Propriété Intellectuelle).
Prof.mr. H. de Doelder is secretary of the Joint Committee of Aruba, Curacao, and Sint- Maarten, and Bonaire, St. Eustatius, and Saba on the Review of the Criminal Procedure Code of Aruba, Curacao, and Sint-Maarten, and Bonaire, St. Eustatius, and Saba.
Prof.dr. C.W. Engel is a life-time member of the Advisory Board of the German Ministry of Economics.
Prof. dr. M. Faure - Flemish High Council of Environmental Enforcement (www.vhrm.be), chairman.
Dr. T.F.C. Fischer (2013 - ). Project repositioning behavioural interventions Ministry Security and Justice.
Prof. dr. K. Heine, member of the German Economic Association (Verein fuer Socialpolitik, member of the Council on Economic Systems and Institutional Economics) and of the Walter-Eucken Institute in Freiburg (Germany).
Prof.dr. S.J.C. Hemels (2014 - ). Member Advisory Culture Index Netherlands; Culture Index Netherlands is an initiative of Boekmanstichting and Social Research.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 137 Prof.dr. C.S.J. Hodges (2013 - ). Member of the Advisory Board of the Research Centre for the Law and Policy of Global Consumer Protection, Wuhan University, China, and Member of the Academic Committee of the Collaborative Innovation Centre for Global Governance and the Rule of Law (the only non-Chinese member).
Prof.mr. P.W.A. Huisman. Dutch Education Council (Onderwijsraad. External Examiner North West University Potchefstroom Campus South Africa, Voorzitter Landelijke geschillencommissie OOGO Onderwijsgeschillen and member Landelijke bezwarencommissie schoolbestuurbeslissingen, Stichting onderwijsgeschillen.
Prof. R. de Lange (2009-2010) Member of the Committee of the Dutch Government on the Constitution of the Netherlands.
Prof. mr. M.J. Kroeze (2009 - ) Stichting Grotius Academie, Stichting Harry Honée Fonds, Stichting Spaardersbelangen, Stichting OCA, Stichting Verliespolis. Member Commissie Vennootschapsrecht (advisory committee Dutch government); member licentiecommissie Betaald Voetbal KNVB (licensing committee Dutch professional football associaton); arbitrator Netherlands Arbitration Institute. Stichting Toezicht, Compliance en Regelgeving; Stichting Juridische Samenwerking aan de Maas; Stichting T.M.C. Asser Instituut; Stichting Samenwerkende Juridische Faculteiten; Stichting Beroepsopleiding Bedrijfsjuristen; Stichting Uitvoering Vedior Schikking; Stichting Shell Reserves Compensation Foundation; Hague Institute for the Internationalisation of Law (HiiL); Center for International Legal Cooperation. Member of the Dutch Commissie Vennootschapsrecht; Dutch expert panel on the revision of the right of inquiry. Member Advisory Board, Institute for Company Law, Vereniging Corporate Litigation.
Prof.dr. F.J.M. De Ly is chairman of the Groupe de Travail Contrats Internationaux and of the International Commercial Arbitration Committee of the International Law Association.
Prof. mr. dr. G. Meijer, Secretary-general P.R.I.M.E. Finance. Member Advisory Board Nederlands Arbitrage Instituut and International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). (In Chambers and Partners' Global Guide, edities 2004-2014.)
Prof.mr. P.A.M. Mevis (2015 - ). International Penal and Penitentiary Foundation IPPF, UN; Member Committee Schnabel, about assisted suicide (voltooid leven), ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn &Sport en ministerie van Veiligheid & Justitie. Thematische wetsevaluatie Gedwongen zorg van ZonMw, Den Haag, April 2015; member of the Dutch Committee on the Monopoly on the Legitimate Use of Force and Piracy.
Prof. mr. A.I.M. van Mierlo, Vaste arbiter College van Arbiters (Arbiter A), Koninklijke Nederlandse Voetbal Bond (KNVB).
Prof. mr. A. Nuytinck (2014). Member State Commission Recalibration Parenthood, Member Advisory Board Family Law Academy.
Prof.mr. L.J.J. Rogier is a member of the supervisory committee of investigation ‘Onderzoeksraad voor de Veiligheid’ into the naphtha tank fire on Bonaire.
Dr. A.J. de Roo (2015). Effectiveness of mandatory mediation and mandatory divorce education in the approach of fighting separations; Ministry of Security and Justice (WODC).
Mr.dr. A.W. Schep (2013 - ). Legal advisor at Tax Office of the City of Amsterdam.
Mr. dr. S. Struijk, Member of the Supervisory Committee at the prison of Rotterdam, Board Member
Association for penitentiary law and penology (Vereniging PEP).
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 138 Prof. dr. R. van Swaaningen, R. (2011 - ). President Function at: Netherlands Society of Criminology.
Prof.mr. L. Timmerman served on the Dutch expert panel on the revision of the right of inquiry.
Dr. W.J. Verhoeven (2015). Membership advisory WODC: Simplifying suspicion criteria.
Mr.dr. J.C.de Wit (2010 - ). Vice-President General Social Appeals Committee at Schiedam.
Prof.mr. H.M. Vletter-van Dort, member of the Dutch Monitoring Committee on Corporate Governance, Chair Appeal Panel Single Resolution Board, Brussels Belgium, Member of the Supervisory Board, NN Group, Chair Supervisory Board Intertrust NV, Supervisory Director De Nederlandsche Bank / Dutch Central Bank, Chairman of the Committee on Supervisory Policy. Member Advisory Board Nationaal Register, Member of the supervisory board St Franciscus Gasthuis, Supervisory Director Espria Woonzorg, Supervisory director Fortis Bank (Nederland) NV.
Mr.dr. M.J.F. van der Wolf (2015 - ). Chairman Expert Sessions ‘The position of victims and survivors at TBS renewal sessions’ at Ministry of Security and Justice, DJI, DForZo.
Corporate sponsoring (highlights)
A number of endowed chairs have been established in cooperation with corporate partners.
Comparative Mass Litigation (Prof.dr. A. Stadler), Stichting Onderzoek Collectieve Actie (Foundation Research Collective Action) (2011-2015).
Costs and Benefits of Regulation (Prof. N.J. Rickman), Stichting Compliance, Toezicht en Regelgeving (2011-2015).
International and European Customs Law chair (Prof.dr. W. de Wit), funded by EY (2013-2017).
International Policy and Fiscal Autonomy chair (Prof.dr. A.C.G.A.C. de Graaf), Stichting Fiscaal Recht Erasmus University Rotterdam (2012-2020).
Internationaal en Europees Sportrecht (Prof.mr.dr. R.C.R. Siekmann), Stichting Internationaal en Europees Sportrecht (2010-2014).
Heffingen van Lokale Overheden (Prof.dr. MJ.M. De Jonckheere), Stichting J.H. Christiaanse (2012-2015). [Prof.mr. J. Monsma is the new chair holder as of January 2016].
Onderwijsrecht op Pluriforme Grondslag (Prof.mr. P.W.A. Huisman), Stichting Onderwijsrecht (2010-2018).
Taxation of Multinationals in a Globalised World (Prof.dr. Q. Kok), funded by EY (2013-2017).
Verzekeringrecht (Prof.mr. N. van Tiggele-van der Velde), Stichting Verzekeringsinstituut Rotterdam (2009-2016).
Government sponsorships (highlights)
Stichting Juridische Samenwerking aan de Maas; financed jointly by Erasmus School of Law, Prosecutors’ Office, Rotterdam District Court and Rotterdam Bar Association.
Bijz. Leerstoel Rechtshandhaving (Prof. mr. dr. A. Blomberg), funded by Stichting Juridische Samenwerking aan de Maas (2010-2016).
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 139
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 140 Appendices
Appendix 1a. Research staff 2009-2015
ESL SEP 2009-2015 (1) SEP 2015-2021 (2)
FTE research time (31/12/2015) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Tenured staff 33.1 33.7 33.2 Non-tenured staff 7.2 10.8 12.1 PhD researchers (employed)* - - - Scientific staff 27.0 26.7 28.0 24.3 Post-docs/scientific researchers 2.7 3.3 4.1 6.5 PhD researchers - - - - Total academic staff (ex.PhD) 40.3 44.5 45.3 29.7 30.0 32.1 30.8 Research management /support staff216 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 *For PhD researchers SEP does not included research time
N research staff (31/12/2015) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Tenured staff 143 136 135 No - tenured staff 18 27 27
PhD researchers 44 43 39 1 ScientificTable#: Input staff ESL in numbers 121 118 110 98 Post-docs/ scientific researchers 6 5 8 10 PhD researchers employed (standard) 24 36 44 46 PhD researchers (contracted) 52 66 67 66 Academic staff (ex. PhD) 161 163 162 127 123 118 108 Total academic staff (inc.PhD) 205 206 201 203 225 229 220
Note 1 SEP 2009-2015: Tenured: professor, associate professor and assistant professor with employment status Non-tenured: scientific researcher, junior lecturer or post-doc PhD researchers with employment status
Note 2 SEP 2015-2021: Scientific staff: tenured and non tenured staff, excluding post-doc and scientific researcher Standard PhD researchers: with employment status Contracted PhD researchers: externally and internally funded but not employed
216 Research management = Vice Dean (0.6 FTE), Programme Directors (0.9 FTE total), Director EGSL (0.3 FTE), Editors Erasmus Law Review (0.3 FTE). Direct Support Staff = Manager Research (0.8 FTE), Grants Officer (0.8 FTE), Officer Metis (0.5 FTE), PhD Coordinator EGSL (0.3 FTE), School Coordinator EGSL (0.6 FTE), Policy Officer Scientific Integrity (0.2 FTE), Communication (0.7 FTE) (EDLE support is not included in the table). Additional support since 2016: Knowledge Exchange Officer (0.5 FTE) and second PhD Coordinator EGSL (0.2 FTE).
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 143 Appendix 1b. Research staff per programme 2009-2015
BACT / FTE research time 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Tenured staff 5.7 6.1 6.0 Non tenured staff 0 0.5 2.4 PhD researchers - - - Scientific staff 4.8 5.2 4.6 4.6 Postdocs/WO 1.4 1.5 2.1 3.2 PhD researcher - - - - Total academic staff 5.7 6.6 8.4 6.2 6.7 6.7 7.8
BACT / N research staff (31/12/2015) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Tenured staff 24 25 27 Non tenured staff 0 1 3 PhD researcher 13 14 10 Scientific staff 23 23 20 19 Post-docs/scientific researchers 2 2 4 4 PhD researchers employed 11 13 14 16 PhD researchers contracted 47 53 64 55 Academic staff (ex. PhD) 24 26 30 25 25 24 23 Total academic staff (inc. PhD) 37 40 40 83 91 102 94
RRL / FTE research time 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Tenured staff 7.5 8.2 Non tenured staff 0.9 0.5 PhD researchers - - Scientific staff 7.3 6.8 8.2 5.7 Postdocs/ scientific researchers 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 PhD researchers - - - - Total academic staff 8.4 8.7 7.3 6.8 8.2 7.1
RRL / N research staff (31/12/2015) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Tenured staff 27 29 Non tenured staff 1 0 PhD researchers 6 8 Scientific staff 30 28 28 20 Postdocs/ scientific researchers 0 0 0 3 PhD researchers employed 5 12 11 11 PhD researchers contracted 3 4 6 6 Academic staff (ex. PhD) 28 29 30 28 28 23 Total academic staff (inc. PhD) 34 37 38 44 45 40
MSS / FTE research time 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Tenured staff 9.4 10.9 10.7 Non tenured staff 3.8 3.6 3.1 PhD researcher - - - Scientific staff 8.9 8.1 7.0 6.2 Postdocs/ scientific researchers 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0 PhD researchers - - - - Total academic staff 13.2 14.5 13.8 9.2 8.4 7.3 6.2
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 144 MSS / N research staff (31/12/2015) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Tenured staff 40 38 38 Non tenured staff 7 6 4 PhD researchers 9 8 9 Scientific staff 33 31 23 23 Postdocs/scientific researchers 1 1 1 0 PhD researchers employed 5 9 11 12 PhD researchers contracted 2 3 3 2 Academic staff (ex. PhD) 47 44 42 34 32 24 23 Total academic staff (inc. PhD) 56 52 51 41 44 38 37
LM / FTE research time 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Tenured staff 4.2 3.8 3.8 Non tenured staff 0.8 0.9 0.3 PhD researchers - - - Scientific staff 3.2 3.9 5.5 4.7 Postdocs/scientific researchers 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.5 PhD researchers - - - - Total academic staff 5.0 4.7 4.1 3.2 3.9 5.8 5.2
LM / N research staff (31/12/2015) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Tenured staff 16 17 17 Non tenured staff 2 2 2 PhD researchers 7 10 12 Scientific staff 19 20 24 22 Postdocs/scientific researchers 0 0 1 1 PhD researchers employed 9 9 12 11 PhD researchers contracted 0 3 3 3 Academic staff (ex. PhD) 18 19 19 19 20 25 23 Total academic staff (inc. PhD) 25 29 31 28 32 40 37
FA / FTE research time 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Tenured staff 2.6 2.2 2.2 Non tenured staff 1.2 1.7 2.0 PhD researchers - - - Scientific staff 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.3 Postdocs/scientific researchers 0.9 1.4 1.4 1.4 PhD researchers - - - - Total academic staff 3.8 3.9 4.2 2.6 3.1 3.0 2.7
FA N research staff (31/12/2015) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Tenured staff 17 14 13 Non tenured staff 2 4 5 PhD researchers 0 0 0 Scientific staff 11 11 10 8 Postdocs/scientific researchers 2 2 2 2 PhD researchers employed 3 4 4 4 PhD researchers contracted 0 0 0 0 Academic staff (ex. PhD) 19 18 18 14 13 12 10 Total academic staff (inc. PhD) 19 18 18 16 17 16 14
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 145 Other / FTE research time* 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Tenured staff 11.2 3.2 2.3 Non tenured staff 1.4 3.2 3.8 PhD researchers - - - Scientific staff 1.6 1.0 1.1 1.8 Postdocs/scientific researchers 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 PhD researchers - - - - Total academic staff 12.6 6.4 6.1 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.8
Other / N research staff (31/12/2015) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Tenured staff 46 15 11 Non tenured staff 7 13 13 PhD researchers 15 5 0 Scientific staff 5 5 5 5 Postdocs/scientific researchers 1 0 0 0 PhD researchers employed 0 0 0 0 PhD researchers contracted 0 0 0 0 Academic staff (ex. PhD) 53 28 24 6 5 5 5 Total academic staff (inc. PhD) 68 33 24 6 5 5 5
*Research staff not affiliated in one the research programmes.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 146 Appendix 1c. List of research staff 2015
List of total academic staff with a research task, including endowed professors who have been appointed by a foundation (see also Appendix 1d). This specific category of endowed professors is not included in de tables of Appendix 1a, which are based on the format of SEP 2015-2021.
31-12-2015
Name Position Programme Amtenbrink Prof. Dr. F. Full Professor RRL Assink Prof. Mr. B.F. Full Professor LM Bergh Prof. Dr. R.J. van den Full Professor BACT Bleichrodt Prof. Mr. F.W. Full Professor MSS Bont Prof. Dr. G.M.J.E. de Full Professor FA Bos Prof. Dr. A. de Full Professor LM Bunt Prof. Dr. H.G. van de Full Professor MSS Burg Prof. Dr. Mr. W. van der Full Professor RRL Cohen Jehoram Prof. Dr.Mr. T. Full Professor LM Engel Prof. Dr. C.W. Full Professor BACT Faure Prof. Dr. M.G. Full Professor BACT Feteris Prof. Dr. M.W.C. Full Professor FA Ginneken Prof. Mr. M.J. van Full Professor LM Heine Prof. Dr. K. Full Professor BACT Hemels Prof. Dr. S.J.C. Full Professor FA Hey Prof. Dr. E. Full Professor RRL Hijink Prof. Mr. J.B.S. Full Professor LM Houweling Prof. Dr. A.R. Full Professor LM Klick Prof. Dr J.M. Full Professor BACT Kroeze Prof. Mr. M.J. Full Professor LM Lange Prof.Mr. R. de Full Professor RRL Leyens Prof. Dr. P.C. Full Professor BACT Lindenbergh Prof. Dr. S.D. Full Professor BACT Loonstra Prof. Mr. C.J. Full Professor LM Ly Prof. Dr. F.J.M. De Full Professor LM Marle Prof. Dr. H.J.C. van Full Professor MSS Mascini Prof. Dr. P. Full Professor BACT Mevis Prof. Mr. P.A.M. Full Professor MSS Mierlo Prof. Mr. A.I.M. van Full Professor Department Nuytinck Prof. Mr. A.J.M. Full Professor Department Rachlinski Prof. Dr. J. Full Professor BACT Schelhaas Prof. Mr. H.N. Full Professor BACT Scheltema Prof. Dr. M.W. Full Professor BACT Smeele Prof. Mr. F.G.M. Full Professor LM Sonderen Prof. Dr. J.C.M. van Full Professor FA Stevens Prof. Dr. A.J.A. Full Professor FA Stout Prof. Mr. Dr. H.D. Full Professor RRL Swaaningen Prof. Dr. R. van Full Professor MSS Taekema Prof. Mr. Dr. S. Full Professor RRL Tiggele- van der Velde Prof. Mr. N. van Full Professor LM Vletter-van Dort Prof. Mr. H.M. Full Professor LM Wallinga Prof. Dr. Mr. T. Full Professor Department Blomberg Prof. Mr. A.B. Endowed Professor MSS Buijsen Prof. Mr. Dr. M.A.J.M. Endowed Professor Department Duk Prof. Dr. R.A.A. Endowed Professor LM Gaakeer Prof. Mr. Dr. A.M.P. Endowed Professor RRL Graaf Prof. Mr. A.C.G.A.C. de Endowed Professor FA Henrard Prof. Dr. K.A.M. Endowed Professor RRL Huisman Prof. Mr. P.W.A. Endowed Professor RRL Kok Prof. Mr. Drs. Q.W.J.C.H. Endowed Professor FA Kramer Prof. Dr. X.E. Endowed Professor BACT Li Prof. Dr. Y. Endowed Professor RRL Mak Prof. Dr. E. Endowed Professor RRL Monsma Prof. Mr. Dr. J.A. Endowed Professor FA Oded Prof. Dr. S. Endowed professor BACT
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 147
Name Position Programme Pacces Prof. Dr. A. M. Endowed Professor BACT Rassin Prof. Dr E.G.C. Endowed Professor MSS Staring Prof. Dr. R.H.J.M. Endowed Professor MSS Visscher Prof. Mr. Dr. L.T. Endowed Professor BACT Wit Prof. Dr. W. de Endowed Professor FA Arcuri Dr. A. Associate Professor RRL Beijerse Mr. Dr. J. Uit Associate Professor MSS Blad Dr. J. Associate Professor MSS Desmet Dr. P.T.M. Associate Professor BACT Even Mr. J.H. Associate Professor LM Galenkamp Dr. E.M. Associate Professor RRL Noortwijk Mr. C. van Associate Professor MSS Pieterman Dr. R. Associate Professor MSS Piret Dr. J.V.A.G. Associate Professor MSS Roo Dr. A. de Associate Professor RRL Soppe Dr. A.B.M. Associate Professor LM Struijk Mr. Dr. S. Associate Professor MSS Temperman Mr. Dr. Drs. J. Associate Professor RRL Vandenberghe Dr. A.M.I.B. Associate Professor BACT Verbrugh Mr. M.A. Associate Professor LM Verhoeven Dr. J.T.M. Associate Professor MSS Westrik Mr. R. Associate Professor BACT Wit Mr. Dr. J.C. de Associate Professor RRL Zwitser Mr. Drs. R. Associate Professor LM Beljaars Mr. B.F. Assistant professor Department Bisschop Dr.L.C.J. Assistant Professor MSS Boné Dr. E.K.E. von Assistant Professor RRL Camesasca Dr. P.D.N. Assistant Professor BACT Efthymiou Dr. N.S. Assistant Professor RRL Fischer Dr. T.F.C. Assistant Professor MSS Galle Mr. Dr. J.G.C.M. Assistant Professor LM Haas Dr. N.E. Assistant Professor MSS Hulst Mr. Dr. J.W. van der Assistant Professor MSS Klaassen Mr. A.G.H. Assistant Professor LM Kloosterhuis Mr. Dr. H.T.M. Assistant Professor RRL Koster Mr. H. Assistant Professor LM Nan Mr. Dr. J.S. Assistant Professor MSS Roks Drs. R.A. Assistant Professor MSS Ros Mr. E.W. Assistant Professor FA Spanjaart Mr.dr. M. Assistant professor Department Swinnen Dr. K.K.E.C.T. Assistant Professor BACT Vanderveen Dr. G.N.G. Assistant Professor MSS Verheyen Mr. W. Assistant Professor LM Voet Mr. Dr. G.W. van der Assistant Professor LM Wilde Dr. M.F. de Assistant Professor FA Wingerde Dr. C.G. van Assistant Professor MSS Wolf Dr. Drs. M.J.F. van der Assistant Professor MSS Ali Dr. N.T. Academic Researcher RRL Doelder Mr. R.J. den Academic Researcher LM Fabbri Dr. M. Academic Researcher BACT Jagtenberg Dr. R.W. Academic Researcher RRL Kiekebeld Drs. J.J.H. Academic Researcher FA Liu Dr. J. Academic Researcher BACT Monsma Mr. A.P. Academic Researcher FA Reinders Folmer Mr. C. Academic Researcher BACT Schep Mr. A.W. Academic Researcher FA Wahedi S. Academic Researcher RRL
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 148 Appendix 1d. Endowed chairs
31-12-2015 Rechtspersoon Hoogleraar Belastingheffing van Stichting Fiscaal Recht EUR Prof. mr. dr. Q.W.J.C.H. Kok multinationale ondernemingen in een globaliserende wereld Chinees recht Vereniging Trustfonds EUR Prof. dr. Y. Li Corporate Compliance and Vereniging Trustfonds EUR Prof. dr. S. Oded Enforcement Empirische studie van het Vereniging Trustfonds EUR Prof. dr. E. Mak publiekrecht, i.h.b. van rechtsstatelijke instituties European civil procedure Vereniging Trustfonds EUR Prof. mr. dr. X.E. Kramer Heffingen van lokale overheden Stichting J.H. Christiaanse Prof. mr. dr. J.A. Monsma Internationaal beleid en fiscale Stichting Fiscaal Recht EUR Prof. mr. dr. A.C.G.A.C. de Graaf autonomie Internationaal en Europees Stichting Fiscaal Recht EUR Prof. mr. dr. W. de Wit douanerecht Law and finance Vereniging Trustfonds EUR Prof. dr. A. Pacces Legal economic analysis of tort Vereniging Trustfonds EUR Prof. mr. dr. L.T. Visscher and damages Minderheden en fundamentele Vereniging Trustfonds EUR Prof. dr. K.A.M. Henrard rechten Mobiliteit, toezicht en Vereniging Trustfonds EUR Prof. dr. R.H.J.M. Staring criminaliteit Onderwijsrecht op Pluriforme Stichting Onderwijsrecht op Prof. mr. dr. P.W.A. Huisman Grondslag Pluriforme Grondslag Recht en gezondheidszorg Vereniging Trustfonds EUR Prof. mr. dr. drs. M.A.J.M. Buijsen Rechtspsychologie Vereniging Trustfonds EUR Prof. dr. E.G.C. Rassin Rechtshandhaving Stichting Juridische Prof. mr. A.B. Blomberg Samenwerking aan de Maas Rechtstheorie, i.h.b. de Vereniging Trustfonds EUR Prof. mr. dr. A.M.P. Gaakeer verhoudingen tussen recht, taal en literatuur
Zie overzicht van alle leerstoelen ESL: http://www.esl.eur.nl/esl/organisatie/hoogleraren
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 149 Appendix 2a. Research output 2009-2015
ESL / Output 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 PhD theses 16 12 27 24 17 21 23 Academic International Refereed articles 76 92 90 75 85 73 80 Non-refereed articles 4 2 7 8 13 15 10 Books & reports 7 7 9 22 22 13 7 Book chapters 85 96 103 97 96 62 53 International total 172 197 209 202 216 163 150 Academic Dutch Refereed articles 66 76 91 75 86 63 56 Non-refereed articles 65 53 49 51 45 45 29 Books and reports 30 15 20 24 32 18 19 Book chapters 63 87 79 88 104 35 37 Dutch total 224 231 239 238 267 161 141 Academic total 396 428 448 440 483 324 291 Professional Articles 159 169 131 159 156 147 111 Books & Reports 14 17 19 20 17 11 27 Book Chapters 91 56 79 58 84 45 41 Annotations 104 141 178 168 189 161 146 Professional Total 368 383 407 405 446 364 325 Academic & Professional Total 764 811 855 845 929 688 616 Other Editorships 34 31 68 55 61 35 20 Lectures 69 120 266 249 284 227 275 Scientific Positions 17 16 28 44 51 33 23 Media Appearences 18 16 32 32 30 32 45 Other output 85 113 185 149 91 90 89 Other Total 223 296 579 529 517 417 452 Total 987 1107 1434 1374 1446 1105 1068
Note 1: See Appendix 9 for the list of refereed journals. Note 2: Non Dutch articles in Dutch journals are classified as Dutch publications. Note 3: Some underreporting may occur in the category ‘other output’.
See Part II of the sefl-assessment for the output list 2009-2015.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 150 Appendix 2b. Research output per programme 2009-2015
BACT output 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 PhD theses 3 4 9 6 8 15 13 Academic International Refereed articles 21 42 35 21 48 43 40 Non-refereed articles 1 3 6 6 11 6 Books & reports 2 2 12 13 4 2 Book chapters 29 31 38 45 35 24 21 International total 52 74 78 84 102 82 69 Academic Dutch Refereed articles 6 7 16 4 7 11 2 Non-refereed articles 15 17 13 6 8 6 2 Books and reports 10 3 4 4 6 1 6 Book chapters 11 11 9 12 15 3 6 Dutch total 42 38 42 26 36 21 16 Academic total 94 112 120 110 138 103 85 Professional Articles 22 17 11 10 21 16 9 Books & Reports 2 2 1 1 2 1 Book Chapters 14 9 8 5 12 3 3 Annotations 26 22 20 9 8 10 11 Professional Total 64 50 40 24 42 31 24 Academic & Professional Total 158 162 160 134 180 134 109 Other Editorships 5 6 23 15 10 5 3 Lectures 22 23 109 48 45 47 75 Scientific Positions 10 4 6 6 4 Media Appearances 1 1 2 0 2 Other output 23 27 62 27 16 11 14 Other Total 51 56 204 95 79 69 98 Total 209 218 364 229 259 203 207
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 151 RRL Output 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 PhD theses 2 6 2 2 0 4 Academic International Refereed articles 12 23 23 15 10 12 Non-refereed articles 4 1 6 3 2 Books & reports 3 3 4 5 7 3 Book chapters 29 24 35 23 19 17 International total 44 54 63 49 39 34 Academic Dutch Refereed articles 6 7 4 5 3 16 Non-refereed articles 6 7 6 6 5 10 Books and reports 3 0 3 4 3 1 Book chapters 13 14 9 7 4 8 Dutch total 28 28 22 22 15 35 Academic total 72 82 85 71 54 69 Professional Articles 6 6 7 4 5 3 Books & Reports 8 6 7 6 6 5 Book Chapters 3 3 0 3 4 3 Annotations 4 13 14 9 7 4 Professional Total 21 28 28 22 22 15 Academic & Professional Total 93 110 113 93 76 84 Other Editorships 6 10 13 12 11 5 Lectures 36 60 67 83 64 37 Scientific Positions 5 5 18 10 6 8 Media Appearences 2 4 4 3 2 5 Other output 33 57,5 51 22 21 45 Other Total 82 137 153 130 104 100 Total 175 247 266 223 180 184
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 152 MSS Output 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
PhD theses 2 2 4 10 1 0 3 Academic International Refereed articles 25 14 15 17 9 11 8 Non-refereed articles 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 Books & reports 2 2 3 2 2 1 0 Book chapters 23 15 20 8 22 14 6 International total 50 32 38 28 33 27 16 Academic Dutch Refereed articles 12 20 25 19 23 14 16 Non-refereed articles 21 18 12 24 17 8 10 Books and reports 10 7 7 10 16 5 1 Book chapters 18 23 30 19 34 7 8 Dutch total 61 68 74 72 90 34 35 Academic total 111 100 112 100 123 61 51 Professional Articles 35 46 33 50 31 19 14 Books & Reports 1 3 6 4 5 1 3 Book Chapters 26 11 8 12 21 5 5 Annotations 6 33 33 19 18 29 28 Professional Total 68 93 80 85 75 54 50 Academic & Professional Total 179 193 192 185 198 115 101 Other Editorships 16 8 15 11 19 4 4 Lectures 14 17 41 56 46 35 32 Scientific Positions 4 2 6 11 6 3 1 Media Appearences 10 5 13 10 6 3 6 Other output 32 33 30 43 19 31 21 Other Total 76 65 105 131 96 76 64 Total 255 258 297 316 294 191 165
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 153 LM Output 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
PhD theses 3 3 5 2 5 4 0 Academic International Refereed articles 5 7 3 4 3 3 11 Non-refereed articles 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Books & reports 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 Book chapters 6 8 7 3 6 2 5 International total 14 16 11 7 10 5 16 Academic Dutch Refereed articles 22 19 16 14 26 16 13 Non-refereed articles 7 4 6 7 6 18 7 Books and reports 1 2 3 5 6 5 8 Book chapters 8 30 19 28 21 11 13 Dutch total 38 55 44 54 59 50 41 Academic total 52 71 55 61 69 55 57 Professional Articles 33 37 29 42 44 43 30 Books & Reports 1 3 2 3 3 3 11 Book Chapters 11 13 18 15 12 8 4 Annotations 20 15 16 18 20 21 11 Professional Total 65 68 65 78 79 75 56 Academic & Professional Total 117 139 120 139 148 130 113 Other Editorships 1 3 5 3 9 6 6 Lectures 11 16 13 11 20 9 10 Scientific Positions 4 5 0 2 6 2 2 Media Appearences 1 1 0 0 5 2 1 Other output 7 6 12 8 10 8 1 Other Total 24 31 30 24 50 27 20 Total 141 170 150 163 198 157 133
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 154 FA output 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
PhD theses 3 0 1 1 0 1 2 Academic International Refereed articles 1 13 11 7 7 5 6 Non-refereed articles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Books & reports 0 0 0 1 1 2 Book chapters 1 3 9 0 4 1 3 International total 2 16 20 8 11 7 11 Academic Dutch Refereed articles 10 17 23 24 21 15 17 Non-refereed articles 3 0 2 4 5 3 2 Books and reports 3 0 2 2 1 3 0 Book chapters 9 8 3 7 22 7 4 Dutch total 25 25 30 37 49 28 23 Academic total 27 41 50 45 60 35 34 Professional Articles 26 32 32 27 24 37 37 Books & Reports 2 4 2 4 1 2 9 Book Chapters 24 11 32 9 24 12 24 Annotations 8 45 70 78 98 68 78 Professional Total 60 92 136 118 147 119 148 Academic & Professional Total 87 133 186 163 207 154 182 Other Editorships 0 2 8 7 5 8 1 Lectures 5 14 32 47 72 64 113 Scientific Positions 7 4 7 10 22 16 8 Media Appearences 0 3 7 7 8 15 24 Other output 1 5 20 11 10 10 5 Other Total 13 28 74 82 117 113 151 Total 100 161 260 245 324 267 333
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 155 Other output * 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
PhD theses 5 1 2 3 1 1 1 Academic International Refereed articles 24 5 3 3 3 2 4 Non-refereed articles 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 Books & reports 1 1 0 3 1 0 0 Book chapters 25 10 5 6 6 2 1 International total 53 16 8 12 11 4 5 Academic Dutch Refereed articles 16 8 5 7 5 2 2 Non-refereed articles 19 6 10 4 3 4 3 Books and reports 6 0 1 3 1 0 2 Book chapters 17 11 6 8 4 0 2 Dutch total 58 25 22 22 13 6 9 Academic total 111 41 30 34 24 10 14 Professional Articles 43 19 13 9 18 13 12 Books & Reports 8 2 2 4 5 1 2 Book Chapters 16 7 5 11 10 11 3 Annotations 44 18 32 31 27 21 13 Professional Total 111 46 52 55 60 46 30 Academic & Professional Total 222 87 82 89 84 56 44 Other Editorships 11 6 7 6 6 2 1 Lectures 16 14 11 20 18 8 8 Scientific Positions 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 Media Appearences 6 5 8 10 6 10 7 Other output 22 9 4 9 14 9 3 Other Total 56 34 30 45 45 29 19 Total 278 121 112 134 129 85 63
*Output of researchers who are not affiliated to one of ESL’s research programmes.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 156 Appendix 3. Research funding and expenditure 2009-2015
ESL in K€ 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Funding € € € € € € € Direct funding education 10,345 10,351 11,310 11,595 12,241 13,676 13,542 Direct funding research (1) 5,479 5,518 5,840 5,626 6,512 6,740 6,584 Special funding research EUR (4) 47 285 371 379 397 444 567 Special funding education EUR 0 0 151 1369 1570 905 262 Subtotal direct funding 15,871 16,154 17,672 18,969 20,720 21,765 20,955 Research grants (2) 830 924 811 560 655 635 648 Contract research (3) 716 883 935 1,344 1,309 718 565 Other (education) 3,941 3,358 3,536 2,605 2,615 2,260 2,267 Total funding research 7,072 7,610 7,957 7,909 8,873 8,537 8,364 Total funding 21,358 21,319 22,954 23,478 25,299 25,378 24,435 Expenditure: € € € € € € € Personnel costs education 7,808 7,892 7,992 8,055 8,139 8,223 8,391 Personnel costs research 5,746 6,067 6,206 6,121 6,151 6,182 6,492 Personnel costs other 4,632 4,643 4,806 4,883 5,600 5,820 5,002 Subtotal personnel costs 18,186 18,602 19,004 19,059 19,891 20,225 19,885 Other cost 3,965 3,710 3,558 3,541 3,590 4,192 4,763 Total expenditure 22,151 22,312 22562 22,600 23,481 24,417 24,648 Saldo -793 -993 392 878 1818 961 -213
ESL research funding in % 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Funding % % % % % % % Direct funding research (1) 77.5 72.5 73.4 71.1 73.4 79.0 78.7 Special funding research EUR (4) 0.7 3.7 4.7 4.8 4.5 5.2 6.8 Research grants (2) 11.7 12.1 10.2 7.1 7.4 7.4 7.7 Contract research (3) 10.1 11.7 11.7 17.0 14.7 8.4 6.8 Total funding research 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Note 1: Direct funding research (basisfinanciering/ lumpsum budget). Note 2: Research grants obtained in national scientific competition (NWO, KNAW). Spending takes 4 to 5 years. This table expresses spending. Note 3: Research contracts obtained from external organisations. Spending of these contracts takes 1 to 3 years. This table expresses spending. Note 4: Research funds that do not fit into the other categories.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 157 Appendix 4. Grants in competition 2009-2016
Year Scope Funding programme Formal applicant(s) Awarded (in €K) 2009 NWO Conflict & Veiligheid Van der Burg 600 NWO Conflict & Veiligheid Van de Bunt 600 Total 1,200 2010 NWO Mosaic Amtenbrink/Ratsiborinskaya 200 NWO Open Competition Vletter/Bootsma 200 NWO VIDI Kramer 800 NWO NWO-internationalisation Spierenburg 34 EUR Fellowship Temperman 250 EU FP7 Smeele 289 Total 1,773 2011 NWO Mosaic Van Swaaningen/Staring/Bouabid 200 NWO Research Talent Van Swaaningen/Meerts 200 EU COST Hey 6 Total 406 2012 NWO VENI Van der Wolf 250 EUR SOC-funding Faure 3,900 EU Jean Monnet Chair Heine 45 EU Jean Monnet Chair Goudappel 45 EU Tender-EP Kramer 15 Total 4,255 2013 NWO Topsector Hijink 20 NWO Topsector Van Erp 20 NWO NWO-internationalisation Spierenburg 400 KNAW KNAW Faure/Mascini 295 ZoNMW ZoNMW Grant Mevis 70 EUR REI Van Boom/Faure 1,000 LDE Leiden Delft Erasmus- Centre Amtenbrink 355 Total 2,160 2014 NWO Research Talent Van Erp 166 NWO JUST Smeele 200 NWO Topsector De Roo 501 KNAW Fulbright Temperman 10 EUR REI Faure/Mascini 508 EUR REI Taekema 749 EUR REI Mevis 614 EU DG ENV Smeele 50 EU Tender EP Kramer 7 EU Eramus Mundus Pacces/Faure 750 Total 3,555 2015 EUR REI Temperman/Arcuri 205 EUR Fellowship Arcuri 145 EUR SNIP Van den Bergh 10 LDE LDE-Centre Safety & Security Visscher 18 EU Tender EP Amtenbrink 15 EU Tender EP Repasi 8 EU DG Justice Kramer 40 EU DG Justice Kramer 32 EU Tender EP Kramer 8 EU Jean Monnet Action Arcuri 10 EU Jean Monnet Action Amtenbrink 12 Total 503 2016 NWO VIDI Mak 800 KNAW KNAW (congress) Faure 15 NL Politie & Wetenschap Van de Bunt/Wingerde 82 LDE LDE Centre EURO CEFG Amtenbrink 584 LDE LDE Safety and Security Centre Staring 26 UK European and Social Research Council (UK) Van de Bunt/Wingerde 80 EU DG Move Smeele 26 EU Tender EP Amtenbrink/Repasi 15 EU Tender EP Kramer 8 EU Erasmus + Strategic Partnership HE Van Swaaningen 450 EU Erasmus + Strategic Partnership HE Van der Voet/Even/Houweling 300 Total 3,077
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 158 Appendix 5a. ESL PhD success rate cohorts 2007-2012
In- and output statistics ESL PhD researchers (employed (≥ 0.8 FTE) and contract) cohorts 2007-2012217.
Enrolment Output Total
Starting M F Graduated Graduated Graduated Graduated Total Not Dis- Average year within 4 within 5 within 6 within 7 graduated yet con- months years years years years or finis tinued to (< 31 Dec) (< 31 Dec) (< 31 Dec) more hed defence (< 31 Dec) 2007 8 4 3 7 9 9 9 2 1 49 2008 2 5 3 5 6 6 6 0 1 54 2009 6 3 2 3 4 4 4 2 3 52 2010 6 6 1 3 3 - 3 7 2 55 2011 4 6 2 1 - - 3 7 0 48 2012 10 8 - - - - - 16 2 - Total 36 32 11 21 22 19 25 34 9 51
Success rates in % ESL PhD researchers (employed (≥ 0.8 FTE) and contract) cohorts 2007-2012.
Enrolment Output Total
Starting M F Graduated Graduated Graduated Graduated Total Not yet Dis- Total year within 4 within 5 within 6 within 7 graduated finished continued years years years years or (< 31 Dec) (< 31 Dec) (< 31 Dec) more (< 31 Dec) 2007 67% 33% 25% 58% 75% 75% 75% 17% 8% 100% 2008 29% 71% 43% 71% 86% 86% 86% 0% 14% 100% 2009 67% 33% 22% 33% 44% 44% 44% 22% 33% 100% 2010 50% 55% 8% 25% 25% - 25% 58% 17% 100% 2011 40% 60% 20% 10% - - 30% 70% 0% 100% 2012 56% 44% - - - - - 89% 11% 100% Total 53% 47% 24% 43% 58% 68% 37% 50% 13% 100%
Note 1: Cohorts T-3 untill T-8 are included (for which success rates can be calculated). Note 2: 2012 first year of Erasmus Graduate School of Law (EGSL). Note 3: 8 part time PhD researchers not included in this SEP table.
217 Standard PhD researchers (with employment status) and contract PhD researchers (externally and internally funded but not employed).
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 159 Appendix 5b. EDLE PhD success rate cohorts 2007-2012
In- and output statistics EDLE PhD researchers cohorts 2007-2012.
Enrolment Output Total
Starting M F Graduated Graduated Graduated Graduated Total Not yet Dis- Average year within within within within graduated finished continued months to 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years or defence (< 31 Dec) (< 31 Dec) (< 31 Dec) more (< 31 Dec) 2007 4 2 0 1 4 4 4 1 1 52 2008 2 5 1 2 7 7 7 0 0 48 2009 3 3 0 2 2 3 3 1 2 53 2010 7 7 0 9 10 10 10 3 1 47 2011 9 7 4 10 - - 10 4 2 42 2012 9 6 4 - - - 4 9 2 38 Total 34 30 9 24 23 24 38 18 8 46
Success rates in % EDLE PhD researchers cohorts 2007-2012.
Enrolment Output Total
Starting M F Graduated Graduated Graduated Graduated Total Not yet Dis- Total year within within within within graduated finished continued 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years or (< 31 Dec) (< 31 Dec) (< 31 Dec) more (< 31 Dec) 2007 67% 33% 0% 17% 67% 67% 67% 17% 17% 100% 2008 29% 71% 14% 29% 100% 100% 100% 0% 0% 100% 2009 50% 50% 0% 33% 33% 50% 50% 17% 33% 100% 2010 50% 50% 0% 64% 71% 71% 71% 21% 7% 100% 2011 46% 44% 25% 63% - - 63% 25% 13% 100% 2012 60% 40% 27% - - - 27% 60% 13% 100% Total 53% 47% 22% 41% 68% 72% 59% 28% 13% 100%
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 160 Appendix 6. Defended PhD theses 2009-2015
Name ESL/EDLE/ Gender Research Graduation Thesis title Supervisor(s) external programme/ date distinction F. Damsteegt-Molier ESL Female LM 05-03-2009 Relativering van eigendom. Prof. A.I.M. van Mierlo W.G. van den Ban External Male FA 19-03-2009 De rechterlijke toetsing van WOZ-waarden. Prof. J.A. Monsma A.R. Houweling ESL Male MSS 20-03-2009 Op borgsom vrij. Prof. P.A.M. Mevis G. Groenewegen ESL Male FA 26-03-2009 Fiscale aspecten gemeentelijke milieutaken. Prof. H.P.A.M. van Arendonk F.A.J. Koopmans ESL Male MSS 26-03-2009 Pleidooi voor een intuitiever benadering van het strafrecht. Prof. H. de Doelder Mr.Dr. G.K. Fibbe ESL Male FA 02-04-2009 EC Law aspects of hybrid entities. Prof. J.J.M. Janssen Mr. E. Bos External Male RRL 16-04-2009 Soevereiniteit en religie: Godsdienstvrijheid onder de eerste Oranjevorsten. Prof. L.C. Winkel M.L. Tuil ESL Male LM 17-04-2009 Verdelingsbeslagen; Een studie naar het deelgenotenbeslag en het maritaal Prof. A.I.M. van Mierlo beslag. Mr. A. Danopoulos ESL Female MSS 23-04-2009 Geschilbeslechting door de OPTA: een voorbeeld voor geschilbeslechting Prof. L.J.J. Rogier in het bestuursrecht? Mr. J.A. Visser ESL Female BACT 18-06-2009 Rekenen met rechtspraak. Een juridisch-kwantitatief onderzoek naar WIPO Prof. W.H. van Boom domeinnaamarbitrage. Mr. H. van Lith ESL Female LM 19-06-2009 International Jurisdiction and Commercial Litigation. Uniform Rules for Prof. F.J.M. De Ly Contract Disputes. A. Naudé - Fourie ESL Female RRL 16-10-2009 The World Bank Inspection Panel and Quasi-Judicial Review: In Search of Prof. E. Hey cum laude the 'Judicial Spirit' in Public International Law. H. Koster ESL Male LM 04-11-2009 De Nederlandse juridische splitsing in Europees en rechtsvergelijkend Prof. L. Timmerman perspectief. Y.R.K. Waterman External Female BACT 13-11-2009 De aansprakelijkheid van de werkgever voor arbeidsongevallen en Prof. W.H. van Boom beroepsziekten. Een rechtsvergelijkend perspectief. M.A.I.H. Hoeks ESL Female LM 10-12-2009 Multimodal Transport Law: The law applicable to the multimodal contract Prof. K.F. Haak for the carriage of goods. S.E. Keske EDLE Female BACT 15-12-2009 Group Litigation in European Competition Law - A Law and Economics Prof. R.J. Van den Bergh perspective. Mr. T. Ertuna ESL Female MSS 22-01-2010 Immigration Law and Policy. Prof. J.W. de Zwaan M. Ambrus ESL Female RRL 18-03-2010 Enforcement mechanisms of the Racial Equality Directive and minority Prof. K.A.M. Henrard protection. M.J. Busstra ESL Female RRL 19-03-2010 De implicaties van de rassendiscriminatierichtlijn voor Prof. K.A.M. Henrard minderheidsbescherming in de EU en de lidstaten: handhaving en rechtsmiddelen in België, Estland, Hongarije en Nederland. G.B. Palermo External Male MSS 21-04-2010 Severe Personality-Disordered Defendants and the Insanity Plea in the Prof. H.J.C. van Marle United States.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 161 Name ESL/EDLE/ Gender Research Graduation Thesis title Supervisor(s) external programme/ date distinction C. Desogus EDLE Female BACT 07-05-2010 Competition and Innovation in the EU Regulation of Pharmaceuticals: "The Prof. M.G. Faure Case of Parallel Trade. H.A. Luth EDLE Female BACT 27-05-2010 Behavioural economics in public policy - The economic analysis of standard Prof. M.G. Faure terms in consumer contracts revisited. L.P.L. de Bruijn External Male 10-06-2010 De juridische positie van de internal auditor in Nederland. Prof. H. Beckman F.J. Blees External Male LM 22-06-2010 De weg naar schadevergoeding in het internationale gemotoriseerd verkeer. Prof. J.H. Wansink D.A.M.H.W. Strik External Female LM 16-09-2010 Grondslagen bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid; Een maatpak voor de Board Prof. M.J. Kroeze Room. R.J.F.M. Castro EDLE Female BACT 17-09-2010 Ex-Post Liability Rules in Modern Patent Law. Prof. R.J. Van den Bergh, Bernieri deze wordt vervangen door Prof. M.G. Faure LLM S. Clò EDLE Male BACT 17-09-2010 Economic Analysis of the European Climate Policy: the European Emissions Prof. M.G. Faure Trading Scheme. J. Sperling External Female RRL 14-10-2010 Moet jij niet naar school? Een onderzoek naar de juridische aspecten van Prof. D. Mentink thuisonderwijs vanuit Nederlands en rechtsvergelijkend perspectief. E. Nijkeuter ESL Male FA 07-01-2011 Belastingheffing van dividend en de interne markt: Een studie naar de Prof. H.P.A.M. van aanvaardbaarheid van de Nederlandse belastingheffing van Arendonk grensoverschrijdende dividendinkomsten van natuurlijke personen in Europees perspectief. H.M. Gubby Barrister ESL Female Jurisprudence 21-01-2011 Developing a Legal Paradigm for Patents: the attitude of judges to patents Prof. L.C. Winkel and during the early phase of the Industrial Revolution in England (1750s - methodology 1830s). H. Wang External Male BACT 27-01-2011 Civil Liability for Marine Oil Pollution Damage - A comparative and Prof. W.H. van Boom economic study of the international, US and the Chinese compensation regime. B.J.V. Keupink ESL Male MSS 17-02-2011 Daderschap bij wettelijke strafrechtelijke zorgplichtbetalingen. Over het Prof. P.A.M. Mevis gedragingsbestanddeel 'zorgen' in het materiele recht. I.S. Wuisman - van ESL Female LM 17-02-2011 Een Nederlandse personenvennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid: Prof. M.J. Kroeze Duyne wenselijk? B.P.A. van Santen ESL Male MSS 10-03-2011 On the Role of Monitoring near Financial Distress - an Economic and Legal Prof. A. de Bos Analysis. F.M. Murray External Female RRL 11-03-2011 The European Union and Member State territories, A new legal framework Prof. J.W. de Zwaan under the EU Treaties. A. Renda External Male BACT 07-04-2011 Law and economics in the RIA World. Prof. M.G. Faure F. Bilgel EDLE Male BACT 14-04-2011 The Law and Economics of Organ Procurement. Prof. M.G. Faure K. Svatikova EDLE Female BACT 15-04-2011 Economic Criteria for Criminalization: Optimizing Enforcement for Prof. M.G. Faure Environmental Violations.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 162 Name ESL/EDLE/ Gender Research Graduation Thesis title Supervisor(s) external programme/ date distinction P.A.M. Seck External Male LM 12-05-2011 Reisbevrachting en cognossementsvervoer: Een rechtsvergelijkend Prof. K.F. Haak onderzoek naar de verhouding tussen de reisbevrachting en het cognossementsvervoer als gevolg van de uitgifte en de overdracht van een ordercognossement bij de uitvoering van een ordercognossement bij de uitvoering van een reisbevrachting. F.J. Fagan EDLE Male BACT 09-06-2011 Temporary versus Permanent Legislation. Prof. M.G. Faure A. Momirov ESL Male RRL 30-06-2011 Accountability of International Territorial Administrations: a public law Prof. E. Hey approach. M. Mussche ESL Male LM 01-07-2011 Vertrouwen op informatie bij bestuurlijke taakvervulling. Prof. M.J. Kroeze H.G.E. Verberk External Female RRL 15-09-2011 Probleemoplossend Strafrecht en het ideaal van responsieve rechtspraak. Prof. N.J.H. Huls J. Giltaij ESL Male RRL 29-09-2011 Mensenrechten in het Romeinse Recht? Prof. L.C. Winkel W.M. Limborgh External Male RRL 07-10-2011 Culturele vrijheid en het strafrecht. Prof. W. van der Burg H. Logmans ESL Male LM 07-10-2011 Zekerheid op lading: Pandrecht en retentierecht op roerende zaken en Prof. K.F. Haak cognossement in het handelsverkeer. W.J.L. Calkoen External Male LM 11-10-2011 The One-Tier Board In a Changing and Converging World of Corporate Prof. L. Timmerman Governance (A comparative study of boards in the UK, the US and the Netherlands). R. Stijnen External Male MSS 11-11-2011 Rechtsbescherming tegen bestraffing in het strafrecht en het bestuursrecht: Prof. L.J.J. Rogier een rechtsvergelijking tussen het Nederlandse strafrecht en bestraffende bestuursrecht, mede in Europees perspectief. S.B. Pape ESL Female BACT 17-11-2011 Warnings and Product Liability: Lessons learned from cognitive psychology Prof. W.H. van Boom and ergonomics. S.I. de Carvalho EDLE Female BACT 29-11-2011 Qantifying the Economics of Medical Malpractice: A view from a civil law Prof. M.G. Faure Amaral Garcia perspective. L. Escresa Guillermo EDLE Female BACT 29-11-2011 Reexamining the Role of Incarceration and Stigma in Criminal Law. Prof. M.G. Faure W.W. Timmer External Male RRL 08-12-2011 Het doel wel gesteld. Een praktijkonderzoek naar de toepassing van Prof. N.J.H. Huls doelregelgeving. M.R. Ramlal ESL Male RRL 09-12-2011 Naar een glazen wetgevingshuis? Belangeninbreng, transparantie en de Prof. N.J.H. Huls wetgevingsjurist in ambtelijk Den Haag. W. Dijkshoorn ESL Male BACT 15-12-2011 Planschaderecht en privaatrechtelijk schadevergoedingsrecht. Prof. S.D. Lindenbergh S. Struijk ESL Female MSS 22-12-2011 De ISD in perspectief. Prof. P.A.M. Mevis F. Geelhoed ESL Female MSS 13-01-2012 Purification and Resistance: Glocal Meanings of Islamic Fundamentalism in Prof. H.G. van de Bunt the Netherlands. P. Kruit ESL Male BACT 15-03-2012 De ontbindingsbeschikking ex art. 7:685 BW getoetst. Prof. C.J. Loonstra R.F. Ruers External Male RRL 15-03-2012 Macht en tegenmacht in de Nederlandse asbestregulering. Prof. N.J.H. Huls H.C. Borgers External Male RRL 23-03-2012 Duurzaam handelen: een onderzoek naar een normatieve grondslag van Prof. E. Hey het milieurecht. S. Oded EDLE Male BACT 30-03-2012 Inducing Corporate Proactive Compliance: Liability Controls & Corporate Prof. M.G. Faure Cum laude Monitors. O. Skripova EDLE Female BACT 30-03-2012 Civil Liability as an Enforcement Tool of Underwriter's Gatekeeping Duty. Prof. M.G. Faure
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 163 Name ESL/EDLE/ Gender Research Graduation Thesis title Supervisor(s) external programme/ date distinction J.C. De Wit ESL Female RRL 26-04-2012 Artikel 94 Grondwet toegepast: een onderzoek naar de betekenis, de Prof. R. de Lange bedoeling en de toepassing van de woorden 'vinden geen toepassing' in Artikel 94 van de Grondwet. M.J.F. van der Wolf ESL Male MSS 15-05-2012 TBS: veroordeeld tot vooroordeel. Prof. H.J.C. van Marle J.G.C.M. Galle ESL Female LM 31-05-2012 Consensus on the comply or explain principle within the EU corporate Prof. A. de Bos governance framework: legal and empirical research. A.D. Marchena-Slot EDLE Female MSS 08-06-2012 Detentie van jeugdigen in Curacao. Prof. H. de Doelder A.W. Schep ESL Male FA 08-06-2012 Naar evenwichtig bijzonder kostenverhaal door gemeenten. Bekostiging van Prof. J.A. Monsma voorzieningen met baatbelasting, grondexploitatiebijdrage, ondernemersfondsen en BIZ-bijdrage. A. Vasa EDLE Male BACT 26-06-2012 The Effectiveness of the Clean Development Mechanism - A law and Prof. M.G. Faure economic analysis. T.M.C. Arons ESL Male LM 28-06-2012 Cross-border Enforcement of Listed Companies. Duties to inform. A Prof. H.M. Vletter- van comparative research into prospectus liability regimes and private Dort international law problems arising in collective proceedings. F. Weber EDLE Female BACT 28-06-2012 Towards an optimal mix of public and private enforcement in Consumer Prof. M.G. Faure Law - A comparative law and economic analysis of Euopean consumer law enforcement (pachakge travel vs. misleading advertising). G. Smid ESL Male MSS 14-09-2012 Omkoping bestraft? Internationale invloeden op de strafrechtelijke Prof. H. de Doelder bestrijding van (buitenlandse) omkoping. A.O. Makinwa - ESL Female MSS 20-09-2012 Private Remedies for Corruption: Towards an International Framework. Prof. F.J.M. De Ly Falase F.H. Went External Male RRL 20-09-2012 Das Opportunitatsprinzip im niederlandischen und schweizerischen Prof. H. de Doelder Cum laude Strafverfahren. M.T. van der Wulp ESL Male MSS 27-09-2012 Regulering van de Nederlandse Trustsector. Prof. H. de Doelder U. Jaremba ESL Female RRL 05-10-2012 Polish Civil Judges as European Union Law Judges. Prof. F. Amtenbrink N.J.M. van Zijl ESL Male MSS 05-10-2012 The Importance of Board Independence - a multidisciplinary approach. Prof. A. de Bos M. Spanjaart External Male LM 11-10-2012 Vorderingsrechten uit cognossement. Prof. F.G.M. Smeele H. Amrani External Male RRL 15-11-2012 The Development of Anti-Money Laundering Regime: Challeging issues to Prof. H. de Doelder sovereignty, jurisdiction, law enforcement and their implications on the effectiveness in countering money laundering. M. van Kogelenberg ESL Male BACT 30-11-2012 Motive Matters! An exploration of the notion 'deliberate breach of contract' Prof. S.D. Lindenbergh and its consequences for the application of remedies. C.G. van Wingerde ESL Female MSS 06-12-2012 De afschrikking voorbij. Een empirische studie naar afschrikking, genrale Prof. H.G. van de Bunt preventie en regelnaleving in de Nederlandse afvalbranche. M. Bayramli EDLE Female BACT 31-01-2013 Patent strategies and R&D in Complex Product Industries. Prof. K. Heine V. Karapanou EDLE Female BACT 31-01-2013 Towards a Better Assessment of Pain and Suffering Damages for Personal Prof. M.G. Faure Injuries - A Proposal Based on Quality Adjusted Life Years. W. Hu EDLE Male BACT 25-04-2013 An Economic Analysis of the Regulatory Compliance Defense. Prof. W.H. van Boom A. Martinez Gandara EDLE Female BACT 25-04-2013 The Law and Economics of Eco-Labels. Prof. M.G. Faure K.J. Krzeminski External Male LM 07-06-2013 Herverpanding. Prof. A.I.M. van Mierlo Cum laude
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 164 Name ESL/EDLE/ Gender Research Graduation Thesis title Supervisor(s) external programme/ date distinction B.J.G. Leeuw ESL Male MSS 13-06-2013 Grondwet en eerlijk proce: een onderzoek naar de eventuele meerwaarde Prof. P.A.M. Mevis van het opnemen van het recht op een eerlijk proces in de Nederlandse Grondwet. D. Akun EDLE Female BACT 24-06-2013 Banking Regulation in Turkey and Russia: An economic analysis. Prof. A.M. Pacces M. Sadowska EDLE Female BACT 24-06-2013 Committed to Reform? Pragmatic antitrust enforcement in electricity Prof. K. Heine markets. W.J. Kortleven ESL Male MSS 27-06-2013 Voorzorg in Nederland. Ontwikkelingen in de maatschappelijke omgang Prof. H.G. van de Bunt met kindermishandeling, verkeersonveiligheid en gentische modificatie. R.P. Wijne External Female BACT 12-09-2013 Aansprakelijkheid voor zorggerelateerde schade. Prof. S.D. Lindenbergh G.N.H. Kemperink External Male LM 26-09-2013 Vennootschappelijk toezicht op de doelvennootschap bij openbare Prof. L. Timmerman biedingen. A.J.S.M. Tervoort External Male LM 17-10-2013 Het bestuursverbod bij commanditaire vennootschap. Prof. L. Timmerman Cum laude R.A.A. Duk External Male LM 22-11-2013 De Hoge Raad en rechtsvorming in het arbeidsrecht. Prof. A.R. Houweling C. Tagliapetra EDLE Male BACT 02-12-2013 A treshold hypothesis of institutional change - collective action in the Italian Prof. K. Heine Apls during the 13th - 19th centruries. C.P.S. Duin External Male RRL 04-12-2013 Rethinking EU Employment Policy: a legal and economic analysis. Prof. F. Amtenbrink R.J. Theissen ESL Male LM 05-12-2013 Are EU Banks safe? Prof. H.M. Vletter- van Dort L.M. van Bochove ESL Female LM 06-12-2013 Betrokkenheid van derden bij contractbreuk. Prof. F.J.M. De Ly J.M. de Jongh External Male LM 23-01-2014 Tussen societas en universitas. De beursvennootschap en haar Prof. L. Timmerman Cum laude aandeelhouders in historisch perspectief. A.J.J.P.B.M. Kersten ESL Male LM 24-04-2014 Compiance bij banken, ondernemings- en financieel (toezicht)rechterlijke Prof. P.A.M. Diekman en kanttekeningen t.a.v. de vraag of het recht voldoende duidelijk maakt waar Prof. H.M. Vletter-van de eigendom berust. Dort J.P. Quist ESL Male LM 23-05-2014 Gezichtspunten in het privaatrecht, in het bijzonder het arbeidsrecht. Prof. C.J. Loonstra P.C. Hanke EDLE Male BACT 24-06-2014 Regulating State Aid: Inter-juridictional competetion, public choice, and Prof. K. Heine corporate governance. H. Nabilou EDLE Male BACT 24-06-2014 The Law and Economics of Hedge Fund Regulation: A comparison Prof. A.M. Pacces between the U.S. and the EU. P. Bertoli EDLE Female BACT 30-06-2014 Medical Malpratice in Public Healthcare Systems: An empirical investigation Prof. L.T. Visscher of scheduled damages. C. Leger EDLE Female BACT 30-06-2014 Sanctions and public enforcement of insider trading law in Europe. Prof. M.G. Faure G. Xu External Male BACT 30-06-2014 Does Law Matter for Economic Growth? A Reexamination of the "Legal Prof. M.G. Faure Origin" Hypothesis. K. Grabovets ESL Female BACT 01-07-2014 Organisational Design and Tort Law: A synthesis of organizational studies Prof. K. Heine and the economic analysis of tort law. D. Krsmanovic EDLE Male BACT 01-07-2014 A Law and Economics Analysis of Lobbying Regulation - Towards an Prof. M.G. Faure optimal structure trough the Cost Indicator Index. Jingyuan Ma EDLE Female BACT 01-07-2014 Comparative Analysis of Merger Control Policy - Lessons for China. Prof. M.G. Faure P.A.W. Kuijper External Male LM 09-07-2014 Een nieuwe visie op de afstamming - Is het ontstaan van een kind een actief Prof. A.J.M. Nuytinck of passief proces?
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 165 Name ESL/EDLE/ Gender Research Graduation Thesis title Supervisor(s) external programme/ date distinction W. Liu External Female LM 11-09-2014 Evolution of Intellectual Property Protection in Post-Mao China: Law and Prof. M.J. Kroeze Enforcement. M.E. Oenema ESL Female FA 02-10-2014 De formeelrechtelijke aspecten van horizontaal toezicht in belastingzaken. Prof. M.W.C. Feteris V.S. Chahar EDLE Male BACT 10-10-2014 The Influence of Direct Democracy on Agency Costs: Lessons from Prof. A.M. Pacces Corporate Governance. A.P.G.C.F. Biard EDLE Male BACT 15-12-2014 Judges and Mass Litigation - A (behavioural) Law and Economics Prof. M.G. Faure perspective. M. Fabbri EDLE Male BACT 15-12-2014 Social Welfare and Behavioural Public Choices. Prof. L.T. Visscher Cum laude P.P. Gospodinov EDLE Male BACT 15-12-2014 The Application of European Competition Law in Arbitration Proceedings. Prof. R.J. Van den Bergh K.H.M. Hunt EDLE Female BACT 16-12-2014 Determining the Effect of Regulation on Microfinace Institutions Financial Prof. M.G. Faure Self-Sustainability - A Cross-Country Comparison. H.Y. Jabotinsky EDLE Female BACT 16-12-2014 The Structure of Financial Supervision: Consolidation or Fragmentation for Prof. K. Heine Financial Regulators? R. Partain External Male BACT 16-12-2014 Mechanism Design for the Fiery Ice: Civil Liability and Regulations for the Prof. M.G. Faure Efficient Governance of the Environmental Hazards from Offshore Methane Hydrate Operations. M.F. de Wilde ESL Male FA 15-01-2015 Sharing the Pie; Taxing multinationals in a global market. Prof. A.J.A. Stevens Cum laude E. Fagotto ESL Female BACT 19-03-2015 Industry Food Safety Standards: Public and Private Intereset in Food Safety. Prof. M.G. Faure A. Jakovljevic EDLE Female BACT 19-03-2015 Fighting corruption with pyramids: A Law and Economics approach to Prof. K. Heine combating corruption in post-socialist countries? A. Kaushik EDLE Male BACT 19-03-2015 A Law and Economics Analysis of Trade Secrets: Optimal Scope of Law, Prof. L.T. Visscher Misappropriation and Alternative Damages Regimes, 19 March, 2015. J.J. Kantorowics EDLE Male BACT 04-06-2015 “Fiscal Constitutions: An Empirical Approach”. Prof. A.M. Pacces E. Reznichenko ESL Female BACT 04-06-2015 Law and Economics of Cost-Effective Enforcement. Prof. M.G. Faure A.G. Mein ESL Male MSS 12-06-2015 De boete uit balans | The administrative fine in market supervision. Prof. H.G. van de Bunt and Prof. L.J.J. Rogier Yun Ma External Female RRL 26-06-2015 Resolving conflicts between Conservation and Recreation in Protected Prof. R. de Lange Areas: a comparative legal analysis of the United States and China. W. Pei ESL Female MSS 26-06-2015 Criminal Procedural Agreements in China and England and Wales. Prof. F.W. Bleichrodt N.T. Ali ESL Male RRL 17-09-2015 Dynamism and the Erosion of Procedural Safeguards in International Prof. E. Hey Governance of Terrorism. C.P. Briet External Male RRL 24-09-2015 Het Hooggerechtshof van Nederlands-Indië 1819-1848. Portret van een Prof. L.C. Winkel vergeten rechtscollege. / The Supreme Court of the Netherlands Indies 1819-1848. Portrait of a forgotten court of law. G.G. Vos External Male MSS 01-10-2015 De strijd der plichten, Een (internationale) rechtsvergelijkende juridische Prof. H. de Doelder analyse van het Nederlandse niet-ambtelijke omkopingsartikel. M.C.P. Korten External Female MSS 23-10-2015 Getuigenbescherming in Nederland. Prof. F.W. Bleichrodt E.A.M. Huiskers- External Female FA 19-11-2015 De effectiviteit van het horizontaal belastingtoezicht. Prof. P.A.M. Diekman Stoop A. Romano EDLE Male BACT 07-12-2015 ‘Quantum Tort Law: The Law of Torts in a Probabilistic World’. Prof. A.M. Pacces
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 166 Name ESL/EDLE/ Gender Research Graduation Thesis title Supervisor(s) external programme/ date distinction H. Wei ESL Female BACT 07-12-2015 ‘The Determinants of China’s Compliance with WTO Rules’. Prof. M.G. Faure I.N. Cofone EDLE Male BACT 08-12-2015 ‘Privacy Tradeoffs in Information Technology Law’. Prof. K. Heine Diogo Gerhard EDLE Male BACT 08-12-2015 Essays on Unemployment Insurance. Prof. A.M. Pacces Castro de Britto A. Guerra EDLE Female BACT 08-12-2015 Essays on the Economic Analysis of Tort Law. Prof. L.T. Visscher R.S. Gauthier ESL Male RRL 11-12-2015 State practice in response to bidding on sport mega-events. Prof. R.C.R. Siekmann en Prof. E. Hey S.R. Mittlaender ESL Male BACT 14-12-2015 ‘Equity, Efficiency, and Ethics in Remedies for Breach of Contract: Theory Prof.ir. V.W. Buskens Leme de Souza and Experimental Evidence’. F.U. Rehman EDLE Male BACT 14-12-2015 Essays on the Law & Economics of Terrorism in Pakistan. Prof. M.G. Faure H. Sun EDLE Male BACT 14-12-2015 Law, Informal Institutions and Trust - An Experimental Perspective. Prof. M.G. Faure
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 167 Appendix 7. Current PhD research 31-12-2015
Name Gender Definition Starting Research Thesis title/ topic Supervisor Supervisor or year/ pro- co-promotor graduation gramme B. Assi Male Contract PhD 2006 BACT Regulation and Optimal Incentives in the European Investment Funds Prof. K. Heine Prof. A.M. Pacces Researcher - EDLE Industry. V. Ostrovskis Male Contract PhD 2007 BACT Multilateral Trading Facilities and Their Impact on European Financial Prof. A.M. Prof. M. Lamandini Researcher - EDLE Markets. Pacces C. Gürkan Female Contract PhD 2009 BACT The Role of Banks for Corporate Governance. Prof. P.C. Prof. A.M. Pacces Researcher - EDLE Leyens P. Peng Female Contract PhD 2010 BACT Platform Competition in Search Engine Market. Prof. E. Prof. K. Heine Researcher - EDLE Carbonara S. Rajput Male Contract PhD 2010 BACT Maximum Retail Price – A Law and Economics Analysis. Prof. R.J. Van Researcher - EDLE den Bergh G.F. Male Contract PhD 2010 BACT Multiparty Contracts & Non-Recourse Finance (Project Finance) Law and Prof. P.C. Prof. A.M. Pacces Wesselhoefft Researcher - EDLE Economics. Leyens X. Xun Female Contract PhD 2011 BACT Director's Duties and Liabilities in Corporate Law in China. Prof. M.G. Prof. Y. Li Researcher - ECLC Faure E. Demidova Female Contract PhD 2011 BACT Takeover Regulation in Developing Economies: The Case of Russia. Prof. A.M. Researcher - EDLE Pacces X. Jia Female Contract PhD 2011 BACT Economic Analysis of Chinese Overseas FDI Through M&A. Prof. T.Eger Prof. M.G. Faure Researcher - EDLE LL.M. R. Sapkal Male Contract PhD 2011 - 2016 BACT Essays on Labour Law and Economics: Theory and Empirical Evidence from Prof. H. Dr. A.M.I.B. Researcher - EDLE India. Schäfer Vandenberghe / Prof. M.G. Faure S. Wang Female Contract PhD 2011 BACT Patent Litigation in China. Prof. E. Researcher - EDLE Santarelli M.I. Hazelhorst Female Employed PhD 2011 - 2016 BACT Cross-Border Enforcement and Fundamental Principles of Civil Procedure. Prof. X.E. Prof. K.A.M. researcher Kramer Henrard E.A. Ontanu Female Employed PhD 2011 BACT Grondslagen en beginselen van burgerlijk procesrecht in Europa. Prof. X.E. researcher Kramer E.S. Female Employed PhD 2011 BACT Are Intentions Binding? Developing a Harmonised Approach to 'Letter of Prof. X.E. Pannebakker- researcher Intent' in International Contracting. Kramer Ivanova Y. Xu Female Contract PhD 2012 BACT A Regulatory Design for Sustainable Forest Carbon Project in Developing Prof. M.G. Prof. Y. Li Researcher - ECLC Countries. Faure B. Yuan Male Contract PhD 2012 BACT Settlement of foreign-related commercial disputes in China: A focus on Prof. M.G. Prof. Y. Li Researcher - ECLC litigation and arbitration. Faure S. Bhattacharya Female Contract PhD 2012 - 2016 BACT Should Competition Law Consider the Irrationality of Firms? Prof. R.J. Van Prof. S. Oded Researcher - EDLE den Bergh V.L.E. Cedeno Male Contract PhD 2012 BACT Commercial Bank Organizational Structures in the Aftermath of the Prof. W. Prof. K. Heine Brea Researcher - EDLE Financial Crisis. Drobetz
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 168 Name Gender Definition Starting Research Thesis title/ topic Supervisor Supervisor or year/ pro- co-promotor graduation gramme Y. Goyal Male Contract PhD 2012 - 2016 BACT Institutions on Informal Markets: Select Experience from India. Prof. H. Prof. K. Heine Researcher - EDLE Schäfer T.M. Hlobil Male Contract PhD 2012 BACT The Law and Economics of Judging. Prof. S. Voigt Prof. L.T. Visscher Researcher - EDLE M. Kerk Male Contract PhD 2012 BACT Governance of Inter-firm Cooperation. Prof. K. Heine Prof. M. Casari Researcher - EDLE M. Lin Female Contract PhD 2012 BACT Law and Economics on Intellectual Property Collateralization. Prof. T. Eger Prof. M.G. Faure Researcher - EDLE S. Michel Male Contract PhD 2012 BACT Endogenous Constitutions. Prof. S. Voigt Prof. K. Heine Researcher - EDLE M. Sacco Female Contract PhD 2012 BACT Optimal Deterrence of International Bribery. Prof. P. Vanin Prof. M.G. Faure / Researcher - EDLE Prof. S. Oded E. Themeli Male Employed PhD 2012 BACT Civil Justice Competition and Choice of Court. Prof. X.E. researcher Kramer M.C. Buiten Female Employed PhD 2012 BACT Strengthening the Internal Market: An Economic Analysis of EU Consumer N. Rickman Prof. R.J. Van den researcher - EDLE Law and Competition Law. Bergh R. Alburo Female Contract PhD 2013 BACT The Choice of Ownership Arrangement and Performance of Water Utilities Prof. R. Orsini Prof. R.J. Van den Researcher - EDLE in the Philippines: Towards a Normative Approach. Bergh M. Baudino Male Contract PhD 2013 BACT Urbanization and growth. Prof. A.G. Prof. A. Minniti, Researcher - EDLE Minerva Prof. K. Heine C. Bezerra de Female Contract PhD 2013 BACT Administered Contracts for Petroleum Extraction in Brazil. Prof. K. Heine Prof. Y. Xavier Melo Pereira Researcher - EDLE Nunes M.A. Bogale Male Contract PhD 2013 BACT Labor Regulation, Informality and Economic Growth in SSA: An Empirical Prof. H. Dr. A.M.I.B. Researcher - EDLE Analysis. Schäfer Vandenberghe / Dr. M. Fabbri E. Gjonca Female Contract PhD 2013 BACT European Insurance: Competition Policy and Regulation. Prof. E. Prof. R.J. Van den Researcher - EDLE Argentesi Bergh D. Heine Male Contract PhD 2013 BACT Optimal Institutional Setup for Environmental Fiscal Policy Considering Prof. E. Aisbett Prof. A. Heise, Prof. Researcher - EDLE Interaction Effects with Environmental Law Pursued by other Institutions M.G. Faure and Labor Market Consequences. B.K. Khan Male Contract PhD 2013 BACT Optimal Scope for Rights of Broadcasting Organizations. Prof. H. Trute Prof. L.T. Visscher Researcher - EDLE T.W. Mielniczuk Male Contract PhD 2013 BACT Decision costs and compliance culture. Prof. R.J. Van Researcher - EDLE den Bergh S. Naseer Female Contract PhD 2013 BACT Bureaucratic inertia: implications for public policy. Prof. K. Heine Researcher - EDLE D. Pi Male Contract PhD 2013 BACT Foundations of Law and Economics. Prof. F. Parisi Researcher - EDLE F. Roda Male Contract PhD 2013 BACT Economic analysis of law – Fee-shifting rules in litigation. Prof. E. Prof. L.T. Visscher / Researcher - EDLE Carbonara Prof. N. Rickman
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 169 Name Gender Definition Starting Research Thesis title/ topic Supervisor Supervisor or year/ pro- co-promotor graduation gramme G. Dominioni Male Employed PhD 2013 BACT Behavioral/Critical Realism and the Economics of Tort Law in Europe. Prof. L.T. Dr. P.T.M. Desmet researcher - EDLE Visscher I. Jameel Female Employed PhD 2013 BACT The Impact of Capital Regulation on Innovative Banking in Emerging Prof. A.M. researcher - EDLE Countries – An Empirical Analysis. Pacces D. van der Kooij Male External PhD 2013 BACT Topic: causaliteit en relativiteit. Prof. S.D. researcher Lindenbergh C. Bian Male Contract PhD 2014 BACT Comparative analysis on national security review systems of cross-border Prof. Y. Li Prof. M.G. Faure Researcher - ECLC mergers and acquisitions in China, the US and the EU. A. Arif Male Contract PhD 2014 BACT Securitization and Covered Bonds: An Economic and Regulatory Analysis. Prof. S. Prof. A.M. Pacces Researcher - EDLE Pastorello G. Barbanente Female Contract PhD 2014 BACT Economic Analysis of Indigenous Property Rights in Sub-Saharan Africa. Prof. M.G. Prof. E. Aisbett Researcher - EDLE Faure D. Blaustein Male Contract PhD 2014 BACT The Venture Capital Cycle & Venture Capital Contracting in Europe. Prof. A. Prof. L. Bottazzi, Researcher - EDLE Pomelli Prof. A.M. Pacces S. Datta Female Contract PhD 2014 BACT Ex ante regulation and ex post liability in the Pharmaceutical industry. Prof. V. Prof. R.J. Van den Researcher - EDLE Denicolò Bergh M. El Abhar Female Contract PhD 2014 BACT The Political Economy of Competition Policy in Authoritarian Regimes. Prof. S. Voigt Prof. S. Oded Researcher - EDLE D. Giacometti Male Contract PhD 2014 BACT Three articles on the credence good market of taxi rides. On taxi drivers’ Prof. M. Casari Prof. R.J. Van den Researcher - EDLE fraudulent behaviour, trust and administrative process against taxi driver’s Bergh/Dr. M. fraud. Fabbri E. Lomtatidze Female Contract PhD 2014 BACT An Economic Analysis of Justifiability of Social Rights. Prof. S. Oeter Prof. K. Heine / Dr. Researcher - EDLE A.M.I.B. Vandenberghe J. Rieff Male Contract PhD 2014 BACT Increased Fiscal Coordination between European Member States: A Prof. R.J. Van Researcher - EDLE necessity to further market integration? den Bergh A. Weiss Male Contract PhD 2014 BACT Post-Conflict Courts. Prof. S. Voigt Prof. S. Oeter, Prof. Researcher - EDLE K. Heine O. Yalnazov Male Contract PhD 2014 BACT The Choice of Remedy for Breach of Contract. Prof. F. Faust Prof. M.G. Faure / Researcher - EDLE Dr. E. Reznichenkok N. Yu Female Contract PhD 2014 BACT Mandatory Dividend Systems in the Stock Market: A Comparative Law and Prof. M.G. Prof. G. Xu, Prof. A. Researcher - EDLE Economics Analysis. Faure Pomelli E.S. Engelhard Female Employed PhD 2014 BACT Improving the Process of Handling Personal Injury Claims in the Prof. S.D. Prof. H.N. researcher Netherlands - A Comparative Research. Lindenbergh Schelhaas M.R. Hebly Male Employed PhD 2014 BACT Dealing with accidents: is it all about money? - On the (in)compatibility of Prof. S.D. Prof. P. Mascini researcher the victim's needs for redress and reconciliation in the settlement of Lindenbergh personal injury cases. I. Tillema Female Employed PhD 2014 BACT Third-party funding of mass litigation. Prof. S.D. Prof. W.H. van researcher Lindenbergh Boom C.C. Lan Female Employed PhD 2014 BACT A Law and Economics Perspective on Climate Change Mitigation Policy Prof. M.G. researcher - EDLE Instruments by Developing Countries using a Sectoral Approach. Faure
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 170 Name Gender Definition Starting Research Thesis title/ topic Supervisor Supervisor or year/ pro- co-promotor graduation gramme B.F.H. Male Employed PhD 2014 BACT The Economics of Cyber Security Law. Prof. L.T. Dr. H. Luth Nieuwesteeg researcher - EDLE Visscher Y. Shen Female Contract PhD 2015 BACT Building green under holistic legal regime in China: a comparative study on Prof. M.G. Prof. Y. Li Researcher - ECLC green building law. Faure S. Billion Male Contract PhD 2015 BACT Stock Market Investing as a Current Consumption Activity and its Dr. A. Miller Prof. A.M. Pacces Researcher - EDLE Implications for Stock Market Regulation. M. de Campos Female Contract PhD 2015 BACT Nudging – Long-term effectiveness and viability. Prof. F. Weber Prof. K. Heine / Dr. Researcher - EDLE E. Kantorowicz- Reznichenko M. El Far Male Contract PhD 2015 BACT International Economic Law and Domestic Legislations in MENA region: Prof. Dr. W. Prof. M.G. Faure Researcher - EDLE Egypt, Jordan and Morocco. Maenning T. A. Fauvrelle Male Contract PhD 2015 BACT A Law and Economics analysis of the sovereign bonds’ market. Prof. A.M. Prof. L.T. Visscher Researcher - EDLE Pacces G. Hirang Female Contract PhD 2015 BACT Non-Tariff Barriers and Regional Integration: A Study on the Strengths and Prof. E. Prof. M.G. Faure Researcher - EDLE Weaknesses of the ASEAN Economic Blueprint. Carbonara S. Li Female Contract PhD 2015 BACT Building a Fair-balancing System of Copyright Enforcement in Cyberspace – Prof. K. Heine Prof. Y. Li Researcher - EDLE Lessons for China from the EU Experience. M.L.R. Oyarzo Male Contract PhD 2015 BACT The impacts of anti-drug legislation on judicial efficiency. Prof. L.T. Dr. E. Kantorowicz- Rojas Researcher - EDLE Visscher Reznichenko D. Veshi Male Contract PhD 2015 BACT The European management of refugees’ movement. Prof. E. Prof. M.G. Faure Researcher - EDLE Salzberger J. Zhang Female Contract PhD 2015 BACT The Application of Law in Cross-Border Issuing and Trading of Securities Prof. A.M. Prof. M.G. Faure Researcher - EDLE between Europe and China. Pacces M.K. Kolacz Female Employed PhD 2015 BACT CARGO BUNDLING legal solutions for the horizontal collaboration aiming Prof. X.E. Prof. F.G.M. researcher at smart bundling of goods flows of different companies. Kramer Smeele A.I. Schreuder Female Employed PhD 2015 BACT Fault & damages: how does culpability relate to the extent of liability? Prof. S.D. Prof. H.N. researcher Normative influences in the assessment of compensatory damages. Lindenbergh Schelhaas M.F. Caporale Female Employed PhD 2015 BACT Challenges for the current merger control policies to deal with outsourcing Prof. R.J. Van Madi researcher - EDLE arrangements. den Bergh R.I. Reyes Reyes Female Employed PhD 2015 BACT RIA as a social welfare and development-enhancing tool: the case of Prof. A.M. Prof. S. Oded / Dr. researcher - EDLE development countries. Pacces A. Renda A. Quintavalla Male External PhD 2015 BACT Building a new Water Policy: Giving Water its Real Worth. Prof. K. Heine researcher P.M. Gyongyi Female Employed PhD 2010 RRL Reconstructing the Liberal-Democratic Normative Framework for Judicial Prof. E. Mak Prof. F. Amtenbrink researcher Organisation in Central and Eastern Europe. K. Sarghandoy Male Employed PhD 2010 RRL Herijking van de vrijheid van meningsuiting | Taking free speech seriously: Prof. W. van researcher Toward a rights-based and principled free speech theory. der Burg G.T. Terpstra Male Employed PhD 2010 RRL Herijking van het gelijkheidsbeginsel en het anti-discriminatierecht | Prof. W. van researcher Reconstructing the equality principle in a plural and multicultural society. der Burg W.F.M. Buijs Male Employee 2010 RRL Torturing Terrorists, Challenging absolute prohibitionism by Ticking Time Prof. H.S. conducting PhD Bomb Scenarios. Taekema research
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 171 Name Gender Definition Starting Research Thesis title/ topic Supervisor Supervisor or year/ pro- co-promotor graduation gramme D.N. Female Employee 2010 - 2016 RRL Evaluating the application of EU standards in European public Prof. F. W.Th. Douma Ratsiborinskaya conducting PhD banks´investment projects in third countries± towards legal environmental Amtenbrink research indicators. S.J. Lin Female Contract PhD 2011 RRL Cities and Climate Change. Researcher S. Handke Female External PhD 2011 RRL Legality and the Bottom-up Reconstruction of the Climate Change Regime. Prof. E. Hey researcher M.H. Severein Male External PhD 2011 RRL Bijzonder Gerechtshof Leeuwarden. Prof. L.C. Prof. H.L.C. researcher Winkel Hermans J.E. Rodriguez Male Contract PhD 2012 - 2016 RRL Potestas Alienandi. Prof. L.C. Prof. T. Wallinga Diez Researcher Winkel Yang Feng Male Contract PhD 2012 RRL Legislative Decentralization in Post-Mao China – progress and limits. Prof. R. de Prof. Y. Li Researcher - ECLC Lange A. van 't Hof Male Employed PhD 2012 RRL The governance of a macroeconomic imbalanced E(M)U. Prof. F. Prof. J. de Haan researcher Amtenbrink (RUG) S. Philipsen Male Employed PhD 2012 RRL Vrijheid van schoolstichting | The right to establish schools. A study into Prof. P.W.A. researcher conflicting interests. Huisman A. Sting Female Employed PhD 2012 RRL Functionality of Parliaments in Economic Crisis: Towards purposeful Prof.F. Prof. M. Haverland researcher involvement of parliaments in ecomonic decision making. Amtenbrink (FSW) A.E. Folkesson- Female Contract PhD 2013 RRL The worldbank Inspection Panel Interpreting Sustainable Development. Prof. E. Hey Norling Researcher B.E.G. Jansen Male Employed PhD 2013 RRL The Argumentative Ideal of the Rule of Law. Prof. H.S. researcher Taekema T.E. Riesthuis Male Employed PhD 2013 RRL The concept of law in a globalised legal order: the promise of Pragmatism. Prof. H.S. researcher Taekema M. Schaap Female Employed PhD 2013 RRL Inclusionary Governance Model For International Institutions – Towards A Prof. E. Hey Dr. J.D. researcher Model For Citizens’ Involvement. Temperman V.G. Willems Female Employed PhD 2013 RRL Linguistic Politeness in Judicial Deliberations of the European Court of Prof. A.M.P. Prof. E. Mak researcher Human Rights: The ECtHR's judiciary and Its Audiences. Gaakeer S. van der Male External PhD 2013 RRL The EU's Legal Obligation to Include Sustainability Objective in Developing Prof F. Prof J. Nijman Veelde researcher Country FDI Policies. Amtenbrink F. Esu Male Contract PhD 2014 RRL The Fragmentation of International Energy Law and its Impact on the Prof. E. Hey Dr. C.G. van Researcher Stimulation of Renewable Sources of Energy. Wingerde S. Feiertag Male External PhD 2014 RRL Rechtsdwaling. Prof. L.C. researcher Winkel E. Floor Male External PhD 2014 RRL Onrechtmatige overheidsdaad. Prof. R. de Prof. L.C. Winkel researcher Lange M.L.M. Raynaud Female Employed PhD 2015 RRL Providing Post-Conflict Societies with Targeted Processes: The Prof. K.A.M. Prof. R. van researcher Complementary Interaction between International Prosecutions and Henrard Swaaningen Alternative Transitional Justice Mechanisms. S. Wahedi Male Employed PhD 2015 RRL ‘‘The Constitutional Dynamics of Religious Expression. On the Mechanism Prof. W. van Dr. J.D. researcher of Abstraction from the Religious Dimension’’. der Burg Temperman
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 172 Name Gender Definition Starting Research Thesis title/ topic Supervisor Supervisor or year/ pro- co-promotor graduation gramme T. Niyibizi Male External PhD 2015 RRL Compensation for unlawful detention in Rwanda. Prof. N.J.H. researcher Huls J. Waasdorp Male External PhD 2015 RRL Rechtsvinding in het medisch bestuursrecht(?). Prof. E. Mak Dr. J.C. de Wit researcher N.T. Male Employed PhD 2007 - 2016 MSS De sociale constructie van luchtverontreiniging. Prof. N.J.H. Arnoldussen researcher Huls T.A.J. de Leeuw Male Employee 2007 MSS De dynamiek tussen lokaal veiligheidsbeleid en sociaal-culturele Prof. R. van conducting PhD ontwikkelingen in achter-standswijken in internationaal vergelijkend Swaaningen research perspectief. R.A. Roks Male Employed PhD 2008 - 2016 MSS The embeddedness of criminal networks in local ethnic communities: a Prof. R. van Prof. R.H.J.M. researcher source of (ethnic) conflict? Swaaningen Staring J.J.H. Beckers Male Employed PhD 2009 MSS Criminal sanctioning. Prof. H.G. van researcher de Bunt G.A.H. Bakhuis Male Employed PhD 2011 MSS Curaçao en Sint Maarten: onder verscherpt toezicht van het Koninkrijk der Prof. L.J.J. researcher Nederlanden | under intensified supervision of the Kingdom of the Rogier Netherlands. A. Bouabid Male Employed PhD 2011 MSS Devils and Saint. Coping strategies of Maroccon male adolescents. Prof. R. van researcher Swaaningen B.W.A. Volker Female Employed PhD 2011 MSS Verblijfsverboden: verscheidenheid of wildgroei? Prof. A.B. Prof. F.W. researcher Blomberg Bleichrodt Q. Wang Female Contract PhD 2012 MSS A Comparative Study on Cybercrime in the Criminal Law. Prof. P. Mevis Prof. Y. Li Researcher - ECLC C.A. Meerts Female Employed PhD 2012 MSS Corporate security. Prof. R. van researcher Swaaningen Mr. E.M. Male Employed PhD 2012 - 2016 MSS Onderzoek door burgers & de overheid | Governments and citizens in Prof. F.W. Moerman researcher criminal investigations: a joint effect? Bleichrodt J.W. Hiah Female Employed PhD 2013 MSS Employment of modern slavery: different perspectives on informal labour Prof. R.H.J.M. Prof. R. van researcher relations in chinese niches and the impact of human trafficking policies on Staring Swaaningen Chinese entrepreneurship in the Netherlands and Romania. M.H. Kox Female Employed PhD 2013 MSS The Dutch immigration system and how illegally residing migrants Prof. R.H.J.M. researcher understand it. Staring S.S. Nabi Male Employed PhD 2013 MSS The life course of immigrant businesses: an empirical research on the Prof. H.G. van Prof. R.H.J.M. researcher development of immigrant businesses and the role of supervisory and de Bunt Staring regulatory agencies in this course. L. van Reemst Female Employed PhD 2013 MSS Social cognitions and victimization among people with a public task. Prof. H.G. van Prof. P.G.M. van researcher de Bunt der Heijden S.H. Maradona Male Contract PhD 2014 MSS Criminal Liability of corporations in Indonesia and the Netherlands. Prof. H. de llm Researcher Doelder J.D. Jaspers Male Employed PhD 2014 MSS Controlling business cartels: how corporations control cartels in illegality. Prof. H.G. van Dr. J. van Erp researcher de Bunt T. van Male Employed PhD 2014 MSS Pre-emptive Policing and the Multi-agency Approach: Sonsequences & Prof. H.G. van Ruitenburg researcher Dilemma's. A Case Study of Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs. de Bunt
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 173 Name Gender Definition Starting Research Thesis title/ topic Supervisor Supervisor or year/ pro- co-promotor graduation gramme A. Zeeman Male External PhD 2014 MSS Sfeerovergang en nemo tenetur in het Bestuurs- en Strafrecht. Prof. A.R. Prof. P.A.M. Mevis researcher Hartmann G. Hopster Male Employed PhD 2015 MSS Monitoring deviant behaviour of Artificial Intelligence in the financial sector Prof. H.G. van researcher Impact of AI deviance and future strategies for the monitoring of AI based de Bunt upon criminological theories. T.D. Peeters Male Employed PhD 2015 MSS From walls to death squads: ‘Self-help’ security, social exclusion and social Prof. R. van researcher fragmentation in Guatemala City. Swaaningen A.N.J. Korenhof Male External PhD 2015 MSS Toezeggingen aan getuigen in perspectief. Prof. H. de researcher Doelder R.P.A. Male External PhD 2015 MSS Strafrechtelijke handhaving bij financieel-economische criminaliteit. Prof. H. de Kraaijeveld researcher Doelder V.E. van de Female External PhD 2015 MSS Promotieonderzoek i.h.k.v. REI-project. Prof. P.A.M. Wetering researcher Mevis J. Verbaan Male Employee MSS Opsporingsmethoden voor inning van wederrechtelijk verkregen voordeel. Prof. H. de conducting PhD Doelder research E.M. Gremmen Female External PhD Mss Promotieonderzoek naar de psychisch gestoorde delinquent in het Prof. P.A.M. Prof. H.J.C. van researcher strafprocesrecht. Mevis Marle A. Nnata Male External PhD MSS Corruption in Malawi. Prof. H. de Prof. N.J.H. Huls researcher Doelder A.C.W. Pijls Male Employed PhD 2007 LM Causaliteit bij aansprakelijkheid voor misleidende informatie. Prof. M.J. researcher Kroeze E.C.H.J. Lokin Male Employed PhD 2009 LM Beloning van bestuurders. Prof. L. Prof. M.J. Kroeze researcher Timmerman J. Bonat Male External PhD 2009 LM Procedural aspects of limitation of liability. Prof. F.G.M. researcher Smeele S. Geense Male Employed PhD 2010 LM Compensation of consequential loss in transport law. Prof. F.G.M. researcher Smeele W. Khan Female Employed PhD 2010 LM Directors' duties: A comparative approach (The Netherlands, UK, US and Prof. L. Prof. B.F. Assink researcher Japan). Timmerman S.H.L. Niessen Female Employed PhD 2010 LM Juridische positie van terminal operators die zich bezig houden met vervoer Prof. F.G.M. researcher van goederen nar terminals in het achterland. Smeele N.T. Pham Female Employed PhD 2010 LM Het effect van beperkingen van bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid op vertrouwen Prof. L. Prof. B.F. Assink researcher in ondernemingen. Timmerman J.P. Franx Male External PhD 2010 LM Prospectusaansprakelijkheid. Prof. L. researcher Timmerman S. Stuij Male External PhD 2010 LM Toepassing van conflictregel en buitenlands recht in het internationaal Prof. F.J.M. De researcher privaatrecht. Ly A.A. Bootsma Male Employed PhD 2011 LM Financial Incentives for shareholders: in search of stable shareholdings. Prof. H.M. Prof. M.G. Faure researcher Vletter- van Dort
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 174 Name Gender Definition Starting Research Thesis title/ topic Supervisor Supervisor or year/ pro- co-promotor graduation gramme P. Schneider Male Employee 2011 LM Bijzondere bedingen. Prof. A.R. conducting PhD Houweling research A.F.M. Male External PhD 2011 LM Arbitral liability. Prof. F.J.M. Elshourbagy researcher De Ly W. Xin Female External PhD 2011 LM The Model of Foreign Investment Enterprises Law Making in China. Prof. Y. Li Prof. M.J. Kroeze researcher R.E. van Male Employed PhD 2012 LM Staatssteun aan de banken. Prof. H.M. Lambalgen researcher Vletter- van Dort M.K. Vasili Female Employed PhD 2012 LM Private law aspects of precautionary measoren by shipowners against Prof. F.G.M. researcher maritime piracy. Smeele P. Wilinski Male Employed PhD 2012 LM Excess of Mandate in Arbitration. Prof. F.J.M. De researcher Ly E. van Vliet Female External PhD 2012 - 2016 LM Commissies van beroep. Prof. C.J. Prof. A.R. researcher Loonstra Houweling Q. Fu Female Contract PhD 2013 LM Minority Shareholder Protection in Chinese listed companies: A comparison Prof. M.J. van Prof. Y. Li Researcher - ECLC with US and the Netherlands. Ginneken Y. Ji Female Contract PhD 2013 LM Recognition of Foreign Maritime Judgments. Prof. F.G.M. Prof. Y. Li Researcher - ECLC Smeele S. Liu Female Contract PhD 2013 LM Certain Private Law Issues Relating to Shipbuilding. Prof. F.G.M. Prof. Zhidong Researcher - ECLC Smeele Chen M. Wijnen Female Employed PhD 2013 LM ‘Effects of problem-based learning (PBL) at the Erasmus School of Law Prof. M.J. Prof. H. van der researcher (ESL)’. Kroeze Molen J.A. Kruit Female External PhD 2013 LM Procedurele aspecten van Avarij-grosse. Prof. F.G.M. researcher Smeele J.A. Terstegge Male External PhD 2013 LM Beperking van de bestuursbevoegdheid van bestuurders bij de NV en de BV. Prof. B.F. L. Timmerman researcher Assink G.T. Baak Male Employed PhD 2014 LM Mededinging en verzekeringsrecht. Prof. N. van researcher Tiggele- van der Velde R. de Doelder Male Employed PhD 2014 LM Financiële strafrechtpreventie: een onderzoek naar de preventieve Prof. J.B.S. researcher wetgeving om witwassen bij banken te voorkomen en de wisselwerking Hijink met het strafrecht. / Dutch administrative and punitive laws to prevent Money Loundering and terrorist financing with a focus on the effects on (Dutch) banks. E.V.A. Female Employed PhD 2014 LM Governance arrangements within audit firms. A research into the internal Prof. H.M. Prof. J.B.S. Hijink Eijkelenboom researcher governance of audit firms considering the effects of legislation, supervision Vletter- van and audit firm performance. Dort A.K. Female Employed PhD 2014 LM Juridical and context-aware sharing of information for ensuring compliance Prof. F.G.M. Prof. M. Janssen Karampetsou researcher (JUST-project). Smeele
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 175 Name Gender Definition Starting Research Thesis title/ topic Supervisor Supervisor or year/ pro- co-promotor graduation gramme E.J. Niemeijer Female Employed PhD 2014 LM The removal of hazardous shipwrecks. Prof. F.G.M. Prof. G.A. van der researcher Smeele Veen E. Boot Female External PhD 2014 LM Maritieme werker. Prof. A.R. Dr. G.W. van der researcher Houweling Voet S. Palm Male External PhD 2014 LM Opvolgend werkgeverschap. Prof. A.R. researcher Houweling N. Rensen Female External PhD 2014 LM Sustainable Shipping: Conceptualization of a sustainable legal framework. Prof. F.G.M. Prof. H. Geerlings researcher Smeele T.A. Keijzer Male Employed PhD 2015 LM Shares without profit entitlements or voting rights at the Dutch Limited: An Prof. M.J. Prof. H.M. Vletter- researcher idea for the Public Limited Company, or equality harmed? Kroeze van Dort M. Niesen Female External PhD 2015 LM International Private Law and Private Comparative Law. Prof. G.J. Dr. Ernste researcher Meijer B. Schouten Male External PhD 2015 LM Arbeidsrechtelijke schuldgradaties. Prof. C.J. Prof. A.R. researcher Loonstra Houweling M. de Vries Female External PhD 2015 LM Discrimination in insurance contracts. Prof. N. van researcher Tiggele- van der Velde D.Y.M. Korthals Female External PhD LM Vertrouwelijkheid in Arbitrage. Prof. G.J. Prof. Snijders Altes - Biemans researcher Meijer C. Stokkermans External PhD LM Vermogensrechtelijke grondslagen en personenvennootschapsrecht. Prof. L. researcher Timmerman F. Overkleeft External PhD LM Aandeelhouders van beursvennootschappen. Prof. L. researcher Timmerman L.C.A. Wijsman Male External PhD 2005 FA Nemo tenetur in belastingzaken. Prof. M.W.C. Prof. G.J.M.E. de researcher Feteris Bont A.M.P. van Female External PhD 2008 FA Belastingheffing van internationale ambtenaren. Prof. A.J.A. Velzen researcher Stevens M. Koomen Female External PhD 2010 FA Transfer pricing of intangibles and CCCTB. Prof. S.J.C. researcher Hemels R. Snoeij Male External PhD 2010 FA Tax law aspects of sovereign wealth funds (SWF's). Prof. A.J.A. researcher Stevens R. Buijze Female Employed PhD 2012 FA Charitable Fundraising for the Arts in the Era of Globalization. International Prof. S.J.C. Dr. D. Molenaar researcher Aspects of Tax Incentives for the Public Benefit. Hemels A. Monsma Female Employed PhD 2012 FA De beperking van de lokale fiscale regelgevende bevoegdheid door het Prof. M.J.M. Prof. S.J.C. Hemels researcher beginsel van détournement de pouvoir. / Comparative study on the De principle of abuse of competence restricting the local fiscal autonomy. Jonckheere mr. N. Idrissi Female External PhD 2012 FA Charitable fundraising in the Era of Globalisation. Prof. S.J.C. Prof. R.N.G. van researcher Hemels der Paardt W.S. Gonzalez- Female External PhD 2013 FA Tax Policies in a Globalized World - From state autonomy to organized Prof. Dr. M.F. de Wilde Fung researcher heteronomy. A.C.G.A.C. de Graaf
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 176 Name Gender Definition Starting Research Thesis title/ topic Supervisor Supervisor or year/ pro- co-promotor graduation gramme S. Murillo Lopez Female External PhD 2013 FA National Income Inequality - a Subproduct of 'Tax Internationalization? Prof. researcher A.C.G.A.C. de Graaf L.E.C. Neve Male External PhD 2013 FA Protection of taxpayers' Rights under Exchange of Information for Tax Prof. Prof.R.J.G.M. researcher Purposes. A.C.G.A.C. de Widdershoven Graaf U. Dorlig Female Employed PhD 2014 FA Development of tax policies by international organisations and the tax Prof. Dr. M.F. de Wilde researcher autonomy of the former communist countries. A.C.G.A.C. de Graaf M.L. Schippers Male Employed PhD 2014 FA Custums Valuation. Prof. W. de Wit researcher E.W. Ros Male Employee 2014 FA European Union citizenship and taxatation. Prof. H.P.A.M. conducting PhD van Arendonk research A.A.C. Bruijns Male External PhD 2014 FA Grenzen aan de rechtsstrijd. Prof. G.J.M.E. researcher de Bont A. Tanouti Male External PhD 2014 FA De samenloop van het douanerecht met de BTW en de Accijns bij in- en Prof. W. de Wit Prof. R.G.N. van researcher uitvoer. der Paardt M. Tydeman- Female External PhD 2014 FA Fiscale aspecten van religie en levensbeschouwing, een nationaal en Prof. S.J.C. Yousef researcher rechtesvergelijkend onderzoek. Hemels Hayat Essaghir Female External PhD 2015 FA Taxation in the context of business models emerging from digitalization - Prof. researcher creating value in a digital era. Q.W.J.C.H. Kok M.D. van Male External PhD 2015 FA Bedrijfsfiscalist en Information Technology. Prof. Dr. F.F.J. Hermans Werkhoven researcher Q.W.J.C.H. Kok C. Hofman Female External PhD 2015 FA Strafrechtelijke vs. Bestuursrechtelijke aanpak van fiscale fraude: de Prof. G.J.M.E. Prof. P.A.M. Mevis researcher bijzondere positie van de fiscus. de Bont A. van Vugt Female External PhD 2011 FA De verrekeningsmethode. Prof. A.J.A. researcher Stevens
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 177 Appendix 8a. EGSL Educational Programme
Two-Phase Programme EGSL offers a two-phased structure for the four-year doctoral programme: a probationary phase of 14 months followed by a 34 month doctoral programme.
Probationary Phase - Educational Programme and external courses After careful recruitment and screening, EGSL offers PhD researchers in the first ‘probationary’ phase an educational programme of 60 credit points (henceforth ects). This programme contains a variety of courses to foster talent and to facilitate the completion of the doctoral programme. The educational programme is split into two parts: one part being the internal curriculum, consisting of general courses in methodology, reflection and practical skills, consisting of 30 ects. Intensive guidance in a “Research Lab” serves to write a research proposal that meets the quality criteria of the NWO. The other 30 ects consist of external courses geared towards the specific theme or methodological approach of the thesis - chosen by the PhD researcher and approved by both the supervisor and EGSL - and time reserved for independent study on the researcher's research project. Drafting the research proposal, in addition to the successful completion of the curriculum and visible progress of the research, forms a requirement for participation in the second part of the PhD trajectory. By the end of the probationary phase, PhD researchers present their research (the present state of affairs as well as the future plans regarding their research) to the academic staff of ESL at Review Day. After Review Day, the various doctorate committees evaluate the progress that has been made and decide on the continuation of their PhD project. After successful completion of the probationary phase with approval of the doctorate committee, the ESL- funded PhD researcher then is offered a 34 month appointment as a PhD researcher.
Second phase of the PhD programme - Focus on your dissertation Whilst focusing on education and formulating the right research questions and a sound plan of the thesis in the first phase, PhD researchers can devote all their time to their research and the completion of their thesis in the second phase. They are welcome to attend follow-up courses and other activities organized for PhD researchers at ESL. Unless different arrangements are made, PhD researchers do not have any teaching obligations.
Activities throughout the PhD programme PhD researchers will be involved in national and international scientific and social activities, and encouraged to develop their own initiatives. EGSL organizes various lunch meetings. In these meetings, one PhD researcher tells about his or her research. The graduate school also organizes themed meetings where a range of speakers share their experiences and provide information about applications or procedures, for example concerning the organisation of a research stay abroad, publication strategies, or
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 178 career opportunities after obtaining the PhD degree. For more information about the next themed meeting, we refer to the News page.
EGSL also holds an annual competition: the Call for Ideas. The best idea for a conference will be rewarded with a maximum of 5000 euro and secretarial assistance in order to realize the idea.
Educational Programme The Erasmus Graduate School of Law (EGSL) offers young researchers in the field of law and criminology a broad postgraduate Educational Programme consisting of (1) courses into writing skills, (2) research methods and (3) courses elaborating the PhD theme as such. The Educational Programme is set up in an inspiring, multidisciplinary and dynamic research environment, in which reflection is stimulated and in which senior and junior researchers can exchange ideas and experiences in order to learn and grow.
Participation in the Educational Programme is formalized within the trajectory of the PhD trajectory in the first year, and depends on how a PhD researcher is affiliated with ESL: it is compulsory for fulltime (1,0 fte-0,8 fte) PhD researchers with an ESL-employee status and other fulltime PhD researchers, and it is optional for PhD researchers with a parttime appointment of less than 0,8 fte and other parttime PhD researchers. When participation is optional, the PhD researcher can select - in consultation with the supervisor and EGSL - the courses he or she wants to participate in.
Participants in the EGSL Educational Programme will receive professional guidance by a variety of senior researchers, a process which will be monitored by a thorough internal system of quality control. PhD researchers also will be invoked to take part in scientific and social activities – such as attending and presenting their findings at a national or international conference – and will be stimulated to publish multiple articles in scientific journals.
Block 1 (September 15th – November 7th)
Academic Writing in English (EGSL02) 4,0 ects
Research Lab (biweekly) (EGSL01) 2,5 ects
Collaborating with your Supervisor (EGSL04) 1,0 ects
Block 2 (November 8th – January 2nd)
Introduction to Legal Research Methods (biweekly) (EGSL03) 5,0 ects
Research Lab (biweekly) (EGSL01) 2,5 ects
Block 3 (January 3rd – March 13th)
Reflections on Social Science Research (EGSL05) 5,0 ects
Writing Clinic, part I (EGSL06) 2,5 ects
Research Lab (biweekly) (EGSL01) 2,5 ects
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 179 Block 4 (March 14th – May 29th)
Academic Writing in English (Presentation skills) (EGSL02) 1,0 ects
Writing Clinic, part II (EGSL06) 2,5 ects
Research Lab (biweekly) (EGSL01) 2,5 ects
Independent Study: preparation of the research proposal and 29 ects
following of individual external courses
Total 60 ects
The Probationary Year will be closed by Review Day, a quite unique event held each year in the end of May. On Review Day all first-year PhD researchers will present their research to the entire staff of EGSL.
Source: http://www.esl.eur.nl/egsl
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 180 Appendix 8b. EDLE Educational Programme
EDLE presents a combination of course work and research. The curriculum is devised to provide advanced and challenging education both to lawyers and economists. Candidates will be able to choose between basic and advanced courses depending on their educational background.
In their first semester, students attend advanced courses in Law & Economics at the University of Bologna and receive intense training on formulating their research question. Candidates with a legal background will be offered the possibility to attend introductory courses in Mathematics, Game Theory, and Statistics. Candidates with a background in economics will be offered the possibility to attend advanced courses in Microeconomics, Econometrics, and Financial Economics. The curriculum will be focused on the individual student’s needs.
Candidates also attend Law & Economics seminars held by international scholars.
In the second semester, the University of Hamburg Summer School in Law & Economics introduces students to leading international researchers during an intense three to six weeks lecture programme. In addition to an introductory course on the German Legal system, the doctoral students will have the opportunity to attend specialised advanced courses focusing on methodology as well as on specific topics of Law & Economics.
In the third semester, the students attend seminars at the Erasmus University of Rotterdam to refine the methods and contents of their PhD theses. The format of these seminars at the Rotterdam Institute of Law & Economics (RILE) includes a presentation by one or two candidates and a discussion from an external expert, who might be a leading researcher in the field or a member of the Advisory Board.
After one and a half years, candidates will move to one of the participating universities, depending on their field of specialization. The remaining time in the programme is spent in close contact with the team of supervisors in Bologna, Hamburg, Haifa or Rotterdam. Doctoral candidates who specialise in the development Law & Economics will be offered the possibility to visit Mumbai for one or two semesters.
On top of the coursework, candidates start working on their theses from the inception. The timetable of the thesis work is provided below.
Timeline for the EDLE
Task Time
Upon arrival The candidate is assigned a provisional supervisor who will help her to identify a suitable thesis topic.
by December 1st year at the The candidate has decided the thesis topic and is latest assigned two supervisors.
June 1st year The candidate submits first chapter with introduction containing problem definition, research questions, methodology adopted and table of contents.
First semester 2nd year The candidate presents her work in dedicated seminars in front of external experts.
June 2nd year The candidate submits two full chapters of the thesis.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 181 Task Time
First semester 3rd year The candidate presents her work in dedicated workshop in front of external experts.
June 3rd year The candidate submits first draft of the thesis.
When ready The candidate submits final draft of the thesis. (starting from October 3rd year)
Upon approval by the The candidate defends the thesis and obtains the EDLE Coordination Board and doctoral degree. Defence Committee
Candidates who meet the conditions set by the programme and successfully defend their thesis are awarded the EDLE doctoral degree. Candidates can submit their thesis after three academic years. The defence takes place at the Erasmus University Rotterdam. Candidates who successfully defend their thesis will obtain a doctoral degree from the University of Bologna, the University of Hamburg as well as the Erasmus University Rotterdam.
Source: http://www.edle-phd.eu/index.php/programme-structure
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 182 Appendix 9. ESL journal list 2009-2015
This list contains all journals in which ESL researchers published in the period under review (N=100%), including popular journals and magazines.
1
1
1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
Aansprakelijkheid Verzekering en Schade (AV&S) Dutch Refereed No No No Accountancy Nieuws Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Acta Psychologica Dutch Refereed No No Yes 4.382 Actualité juridique penal International Non-Refereed No No No Actualiteiten Mededingingsrecht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Administratiefrechtelijke Beslissingen Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Advances in Complex Systems International Refereed No No No Advocatenblad Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Aedes Magazine Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Albany Law Journal of Science and Technology International Non-Refereed No Yes 0.54 420 No Algemeen Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte Dutch Refereed No No No Alumnikatern Erasmus Universiteit Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Aménagement-Environnement International Refereed No No No American Business Law Journal International Refereed No Yes 1.21 808 Yes 1.424 American Historical Review International Refereed No No Yes 2.615 American Law and Economics Review International Refereed No Yes 0.39 261 Yes 0.735 Amicus Curiae International Non-Refereed No No No Amsterdam Law Forum International Non-Refereed No Yes 0.02 41 No Analyse & Kritik International Non-Refereed No No No Annuaire Droit et Religion International Refereed No No No Annual Review of Law and Social Science International Refereed No Yes 0.72 565 Yes 1.452
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 183
1
1
1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
Applied Financial Economics International Refereed No No No AR Updates Dutch Non-Refereed No No No ArbeidsRecht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Arbeidsrechtelijke Annotaties Dutch Refereed No No No Arbitration International International Refereed Yes Yes 0.09 140 No Archiv für die Civilistische Praxis International Refereed Yes No No Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie International Refereed Yes No No Ars Aequi Dutch Non-Refereed Yes No No Ars Aequi Katern Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Ars Aequi KwartaalSignaal Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Asia-Pacific Focus International Non-Refereed No No No Banking Review Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Bedrijfsjuridische Berichten Dutch Refereed No No No Behavioral Sciences & The Law International Refereed No Yes 0.08 165 Yes 1.449 Belastingblad. Tijdschrift voor Provinciale. Gemeentelijke en Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Waterschapsbelastingen Berichten Industriële Eigendom Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Berkeley Business Law Journal International Refereed No Yes 1.20 273 No Bestuurskunde Dutch Refereed No No No Bestuurswetenschappen Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Bijblad bij de Industriële Eigendom Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Bioethica Forum International Refereed No No No Biz and Bytes. A journal of Management & Technology International Non-Refereed No No No BNB : beslissingen in belastingzaken. Nederlandse Dutch Non-Refereed No No No belastingrechtspraak Boekman. Tijdschrift voor Kunst. Cultuur en Beleid Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Brigham Young University Law Review International Refereed No Yes 0.65 1339 No British Journal of Criminology International Refereed No Yes 0.04 140 Yes 1.442
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 184
1
1
1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
British Journal of Social Work International Refereed No No Yes 1.335 British Tax Review International Refereed No Yes 0.01 34 No Brooklyn Journal of Corporate Financial and Commercial Law International Non-Refereed No Yes 0.53 333 No Buffalo Law Review International Refereed No Yes 1.09 1159 Yes 0.435 Bulletin for International Taxation International Refereed Yes No No Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov Series VII International Refereed No No No BullettiNo dell'Instituto di Diritto RomaNo. IIIa serie. CIII-CIV International Refereed Yes No No (2000-2001) Cahiers Politiestudies Dutch Refereed No No No CALS Review of Nigerian Law & Practice International Refereed No No No Cambridge Law Journal International Refereed No Yes 0.05 181 Yes 0.300 Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics International Refereed No No Yes 0.682 Canadian Supreme Court Law Review International Refereed No No No Carbon & Climate Law Review International Refereed No Yes 0.05 123 No Caribisch Juristenblad Dutch Non-Refereed Yes No No Casos prácticos de Derecho Romano. Filología Latina e Historia International Refereed No No No (Editorial Universidad de Almería) CCH Tax Briefing International Non-Refereed No No No CIROC Nieuwsbrief Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Civiel & Fiscaal Tijdschrift Vermogen (ook Fiscaal Tijdschrift Dutch Refereed No No No Vermogen) Civis Mundi Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Cogency. Journal of Reasoning and Argumentation International Refereed No No No Columbia Journal of European Law International Refereed No Yes 0.51 335 No Commentaire International Refereed No No No Common Market Law Review International Refereed Yes Yes 0.08 258 Yes 1.795 Compendium voor de Jaarrekening Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Computer Law and Security Review International Refereed No Yes 0.02 68 Yes 0.378
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 185
1
1
1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
Computerrecht. Tijdschrift voor Informatica en Recht Dutch Refereed No No No Connecticut Insurance Law Journal International Refereed No Yes 0.40 259 No Consultant Fiscal International Non-Refereed No No No Contemporary Pragmatism International Refereed No No No Contracteren. Tijdschrift voor de Contractspraktijk Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Contratto e Impresa Europa International Refereed No No No Controllers Magazine Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Cornell Law Review International Refereed No Yes 2.58 3339 Yes 2.338 Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition International Refereed No No No Corporate Ownership & Control International Refereed No No No Corporate Reputation Review International Refereed No No No Creighton Law Review International Refereed No Yes 0.47 558 No Crime & Delinquency International Refereed No Yes 0.07 81 Yes 1.333 Crime and Justice International Refereed No No Yes 1.529 Crime, Histoire & Sociétés/Crime, History & Societies International Refereed No No No Crime, Law & Social Change International Refereed No Yes 0.03 69 Yes 0.543 Crimelink (over misdaad en veiligheid) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health International Refereed No No Yes 0.881 Criminal law and Philosophy International Refereed No Yes 0.13 119 No Criminology & Public Policy International Refereed No Yes 0.06 153 Yes 0.902 Criminology and Criminal Justice International Refereed No Yes 0.01 23 Yes 0.583 Critical Criminology International Refereed No Yes 0.01 12 Yes 0.316 De Aanslag Dutch Non-Refereed No No No De Accountant Dutch Non-Refereed No No No De Criminoloog (Nieuwsbrief van de Nederlandse Vereniging Dutch Non-Refereed No No No voor KrimiNologie) De Gemeentestem Dutch Refereed No No No
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 186
1
1
1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
De Handhavingskrant. (Uitgave van het Centrum voor Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Criminaliteitspreventie en Veiligheid. Ministerie van Justitie) De Helling International Non-Refereed No No No De Jure (Pretoria) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No De Psycholoog Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Delikt en Delinkwent Dutch Refereed No No No DePaul Law Review International Non-Refereed No Yes 0.91 972 No Derecho Penal International Refereed No No No Derivatives & Financial Instruments International Non-Refereed No No No Development and Change International Refereed No No Yes 1.561 Die Betriebswirtschaft International Refereed No No No Diritto del Commercio Internazionale International Refereed No No No Disasters International Refereed No No Yes 0.742 Dossier Arbeid & Recht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Dovenschmidt Quarterly International Refereed No No No Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum (DELPF) International Non-Refereed No Yes 0.87 375 No E&Y Zicht op toezicht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No EB Tijdschrift voor scheidingsrecht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No EC Tax Review International Refereed No Yes 0.01 17 No Economic Analysis of Law Review International Refereed No No No Economics Letters International Refereed No No Yes 0.510 Economisch-Statistische Berichten Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Economy and Society International Refereed No No Yes 1.310 Edinburgh Law Review International Refereed No Yes 0.01 37 No EHRC : European human rights cases Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Electronic Review of the IAPL (e-RIAPL) International Refereed No No No elni Review (Environmental Law Network International) International Refereed No No No ELSA Leiden Magazine Dutch Non-Refereed No No No
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 187
1
1
1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
Entrepreneurial Business Law Journal International Refereed No No No Environmental Law & Management International Refereed No No 5 No Environmental Liability International Refereed No No 2 No Environmental Policy & Law International Refereed No No 20 No Environmental Policy and Governance International Refereed No No Yes 1.614 ERA-Forum International Refereed No Yes 0.01 20 No Erasmus Law Review International Refereed No Yes 0.11 80 No Estate Tip Review Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Estudios de Duesto International Refereed No No No Ethiek en Maatschappij Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Ethnicities International Refereed No No Yes 0.847 EUCRIM International Refereed No No No European Business Law Review International Refereed No Yes 0.02 48 No European Business Organization Law Review (EBOR) International Refereed No Yes 0.10 105 Yes 0.093 European Company and Financial Law Review (ECFR) International Refereed Yes Yes 0.05 41 No European Company Law International Refereed Yes Yes 0.01 18 No European Competition Law Review International Refereed Yes Yes 0.01 25 No European Constitutional Law Review International Refereed Yes Yes 0.07 74 Yes 1.486 European Employment Law Cases International Refereed No No No European Energy and Environmental Law Review International Refereed Yes No 0 No European Journal of Commercial Contract Law International Refereed No No 3 No European Journal of Crime. Criminal Law and Criminal Justice International Refereed No Yes 0.02 15 No European Journal of Criminology International Refereed No Yes 0.02 27 Yes 0.928 European Journal of Current Legal Issues International Refereed No No No European Journal of International Management International Refereed No No Yes 0.457 European Journal of Law and Economics International Refereed No Yes 0.04 61 Yes 0.225 European Journal of Law and Technology (EJLT) International Refereed No No No European Journal of Personality International Refereed No No Yes 3.347
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1
1
1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
European Journal of Probation International Refereed No Yes 6 No European Journal of Public Health International Refereed No No Yes 2.591 European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research International Refereed No Yes 0.02 21 Yes 0.419 European Labour Law Journal International Refereed No Yes 0.02 16 No European Law Journal International Refereed Yes Yes 0.09 209 Yes 0.900 European Law Review International Refereed Yes Yes 0.09 205 Yes 0.318 European Review of Law and Economics (ERLE) International Non-Refereed No No No European Review of Private Law International Refereed Yes Yes 0.01 35 No European Review of Public Law International Refereed No No No European Sociological Review International Refereed No No Yes 1.740 European Taxation International Refereed Yes No No European Transport Law International Refereed Yes No No European Yearbook on Minority Issues International Refereed Yes No No Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship International Refereed No No No Expertise en Recht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Fair & Equitable International Non-Refereed No No No Fatik - Tijdschrift voor Strafbeleid en Gevangeniswezen Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Fenedex Press International Non-Refereed No No No Fiat Justitia (EUR) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Filosofie Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Filosofie en Praktijk Dutch Refereed No No No Finnish Yearbook of International Law International Refereed Yes No No FIRM Fiscaal Studentenblad Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Fiscaal Praktijkblad Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Fiscaal Tijdschrift Vermogen (ook Civiel & Fiscaal Tijdschrift Dutch Refereed No No No Vermogen) Fiscaal Weekblad FED Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Fiscale Berichten voor het Notariaat (FBN) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 189
1
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1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
Florida State University Law Review International Refereed No Yes 1,00 988 No Fordham Environmental Law Review International Refereed No Yes 0.69 398 No Forfaitair. Fiscaal Studenten Maandblad Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Fundamentum International Refereed No No No Fundamina. A Journal of Legal History International Refereed No No No Games International Refereed No No No GCR Asia-Pacific Antitrust Review International Refereed No No No Georgetown Journal of International Law International Refereed No Yes 0.49 563 No Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law International Refereed No Yes 0.40 291 No Geregeld (Facultair Magazine) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No German Law Journal International Refereed No Yes 0.18 557 No Global Aquaculture Advocate International Refereed No No No Global Arbitration Review International Refereed No No No Global Sports Law and Taxation Reports International Refereed No No No Goed Bestuur Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Governance Update Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Grotiana Dutch Refereed No No No GrowthQuarterly International Non-Refereed No No No Hamburg Law Review International Non-Refereed No No No Handelingen NJV Dutch Non-Refereed No No No HandHaving Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Harvard Business Law Review (HBLR) International Refereed No Yes 1.58 221 No Harvard Journal of Sports and Entertainment Law International Refereed No No No Heidelberg Journal of International Law International Refereed No Yes 0.01 20 No Henan Social Sciences International Non-Refereed No No No Het Register - Vaktijdschrift van het Register Belastingadviseurs Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Highlights & Insights on European Taxation International Non-Refereed No No No Historical Social Research International Refereed No No Yes 0.192
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 190
1
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1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
Historische Encyclopedie Krimpenerwaard H.E.K. Dutch Non-Refereed No No No HM Treasury International Refereed No No No Holland Law Series (Holland van Gijzen) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Hukuk Kurami (Turks) International Non-Refereed No No No Human & Experimental Toxicology International Refereed No No Yes 1.747 Human Rights Quarterly International Refereed Yes Yes 0.08 210 Yes 0.841 IBA Arbitration News International Refereed No No No ICSID-Review. Foreign Investment Law Journal International Refereed Yes Yes 0.02 72 No Idee. Tijdschrift van het Wetenschappelijk Bureau van D66 Dutch Non-Refereed No No No IEE. Getting the most out of the Radio Spectrum International Non-Refereed No No No In Medias res International Non-Refereed No No No Indian Management Research Journal International Refereed No No No Indiana Law Journal International Non-Refereed No Yes 1.51 2730 Yes 0.945 Industrial Relations Journal International Refereed No No No Inform Dutch Non-Refereed No No No InterLokaal (Erasmus Studiecentrum Belastingen Lokale Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Overheden) International Annals of Criminology International Refereed No No No International Environmental Agreements: Politics. Law and International Refereed No Yes 0.02 15 Yes 0.933 Economics International Journal for Crime and Justice International Refereed No No No International Journal of Forensic Mental Health International Refereed No No Yes 1.054 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry International Refereed No Yes 0.04 88 Yes 0.934 International Journal of Law. Crime & Justice International Refereed No Yes 0.01 13 Yes 0.229 International Journal of Legal Information International Refereed Yes Yes 0.04 66 No International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative International Refereed No Yes 0.03 60 Yes 1.014 CrimiNology International Journal of Procedural Law International Refereed Yes Yes 3 No
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1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
International Journal of Rule of Law. Transitional Justice and International Refereed No No No Human Rights International Journal of the Commons (IJC) International Refereed No No Yes 1.463 International Journal on Minority and Group Rights International Refereed No No No International Organizations Law Review International Refereed No Yes 0.08 78 No International Peacekeeping International Refereed No No Yes 0.429 International Review of Law and Economics International Refereed No Yes 0.13 161 Yes 0.339 International Review of Law Computers & Technology International Refereed No Yes 0.02 21 No International Spectator Dutch Non-Refereed No No No International Transfer Pricing Journal International Non-Refereed No No No International Vat Monitor. A Global Guide to Sales Taxation International Refereed No No No Intertax International Refereed Yes No No ISLL Papers (ISSL=Italian Society for Law and Literature) International Non-Refereed No No No Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik / Annual Review of Law and International Non-Refereed Yes No No Ethics Japanese Yearbook of International Law International Refereed No Yes 0.01 18 No JBN (Juridische Berichten voor het Notariaat) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Journaal GGZ en Recht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Journaal Privacy Gezondheidszorg Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Journal des Juges de Paix / Tijdschrift van de vrederechters Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Journal of Agression. Maltreatment & Trauma International Refereed No No No Journal of Applied Social Psychology International Refereed No No Yes 0.790 Journal of Banking Regulation International Refereed No No 1 No Journal of Behavioral Decision Making International Refereed No No Yes 2.069 Journal of Business Ethics International Refereed No No Yes 1.326 Journal of Clinical Epidemiology International Refereed No No Yes 3.417 Journal of Clinical Pathology International Refereed No No Yes 2.915 Journal of Common Market Studies (JCMS) International Refereed No No Yes 1.855
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1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
Journal of Comparative Law International Refereed Yes Yes 0.03 57 No Journal of Competition Law & Economics International Refereed Yes Yes 0.38 402 Yes 0.620 Journal of Consumer Policy International Refereed No Yes 0.03 37 No Journal of Contemporary European Research International Refereed No No No Journal of Corporate Law Studies International Refereed No Yes 0.10 63 No Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology International Refereed No No Yes 1.929 Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization International Refereed No No Yes 1.297 Journal of Economic Psychology International Refereed No No Yes 1.230 Journal of Empirical Legal Studies International Refereed No Yes 0.75 912 Yes 1.383 Journal of Environmental Law International Refereed No Yes 0.09 111 Yes 0.558 Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation (JELL) International Non-Refereed No Yes 0.41 229 No Journal of Environmental Management International Refereed No No Yes 0.917 Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies (JEMS) International Refereed No No Yes 1.228 Journal of European Competition Law & Practice International Refereed Yes Yes 0.01 12 No Journal of European Public Policy (JEPP) International Refereed No No Yes 1.817 Journal of European Tort Law International Refereed Yes Yes 0.04 15 No Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance International Refereed No Yes 0.01 12 No Journal of Financial Transformation International Refereed No No No Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics International Refereed No No Yes 0.578 Journal of International Arbitration International Refereed Yes Yes 0.06 105 No Journal of International Taxation International Refereed No No No Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling International Refereed No No Yes 0.800 Journal of Law and Conflict Resolution International Refereed No No No Journal of Law. Economics and Policy International Refereed No Yes 0,43 321 No Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization International Refereed No Yes 0,31 282 Yes 1.205 Journal of Legal Studies International Refereed No Yes 0.99 623 Yes 1.276 Journal of Management and Strategy International Refereed No No No Journal of Mathematical Sociology International Refereed No No Yes 0.238
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1
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1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
Journal of Organizational Change Management International Refereed No No Yes 0.462 Journal of Public Budgeting. Accounting & Financial International Refereed No No No Management Journal of Public Procurement International Refereed No No No Journal of Research of Institutional Economics International Refereed No No No Journal of Risk Research International Refereed No No Yes 0,935 Jurisprudencia Argentina International Refereed No No No Jurisprudentie Aansprakelijkheid Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Jurisprudentie Arbeidsrecht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Jurisprudentie bestuursrecht (JB) Dutch Non-Refereed No No 18 No Jurisprudentie Bestuursrecht plus Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Jurisprudentie Burgerlijk Procesrecht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Jurisprudentie in Nederland Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Jurisprudentie Onderneming & Recht (JOR) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Jurisprudentie Verplichte GGZ (JV GGZ) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Jurisprudentie Wegenverkeersrecht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Juristenkrant Dutch Non-Refereed No No No JuristenZeitung (JZ) International Non-Refereed Yes No No Juristische Arbeitsblätter (JA) International Refereed No No No Justitiele Verkenningen Dutch Refereed No No No Knack Extra Dutch Non-Refereed No No No KrimiNologisches Journal (Krim J) International Refereed No No No KWALON. Tijdschrift voor Kwalitatief Onderzoek in Nederland Dutch Refereed No No No Kwartaalbericht Estate Planning Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Law & Policy International Refereed No Yes 0.19 189 Yes 1.710 Law and Financial Markets Review International Refereed No Yes 0.01 23 No Law and Humanities International Refereed No Yes 0.03 15 No Law and Method Dutch Refereed No No No
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1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
Law Journal for Social Justice International Refereed No No No Law Quarterly Review International Refereed No Yes 0.06 197 No Learning & Behavior International Refereed No No Yes 1.885 Legal Information Management International Refereed No Yes 11 No Legal Studies (London) International Refereed No Yes 0.05 71 No Legisprudence International Refereed Yes No No Leiden Journal of International Law (LJIL) International Refereed Yes Yes 0.15 311 Yes 0.893 Letsel & Schade Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Liberaal Reveil Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Litigation Funding International Non-Refereed No No No Local Environment. The International Journal of Justice and International Refereed No No No Sustainability Logopedie en Phoniatrie Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Lokale & Regionale Belastingen Dutch Refereed No No No LT Journaal International Non-Refereed No No No Maandblad Geestelijke Volksgezondheid (MVG) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Maandblad voor Bedrijfsadministratie en -Organisatie Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Maandblad voor Vermogensrecht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law International Refereed Yes Yes 0.03 50 No MAB Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Management Online Review International Refereed No No No Management Scope Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Managerial and Decision Economics International Refereed No No No Marine Policy International Refereed No No Yes 2.610 MarIus International Refereed No No No Max Planck Encyclopedia on Public International Law International Refereed No No No MBB Maandblad Belastingbeschouwingen Dutch Refereed No No No Me Judice Dutch Non-Refereed No No No
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1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
Mediaforum Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Medicine. Health Care and Philosophy International Refereed No No No Medisch Contact Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Medizinrecht (MedR) International Non-Refereed No No No Mens en Maatschappij Dutch Refereed No No No Mercato Concorrenza Regole International Refereed No No No Merkourios: Utrecht Journal of International and European Law International Refereed No No No Milieurecht Totaal Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Mindfulness International Refereed No No Yes 3.692 Minnesota Journal of Law. Science and Technology (MJLST) International Refereed No Yes 0.73 685 No MLex Ab Extra International Non-Refereed No No No MM Nieuws Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Nederlands Internationaal Privaatrecht (NIPR) Dutch Refereed No No No Nederlands Juristenblad (NJB) Dutch Refereed Yes No No Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Bestuursrecht (NTB) Dutch Refereed No No No Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Burgerlijk Recht (NTBR) Dutch Refereed Yes No No Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Europees recht (NtEr) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Fiscaal Recht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Handelsrecht Dutch Refereed No No No Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Onderwijsrecht en Onderwijsbeleid Dutch Non-Refereed No No No (NTOR) Nederlands tijdschrift voor rechtsfilosofie en rechtstheorie Dutch Refereed Yes No No Nederlandse Jurisprudentie (NJ). Verzameling van Belangrijke Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Rechterlijke Beslissingen Nederlandse Jurisprudentie. Uitspraken in Burgerlijke en Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Strafzaken
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 196
1
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1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
Nederlands-Vlaams tijdschrift voor mediation en Dutch Non-Refereed No No No conflictmanagement Nederlands-Vlaams tijdschrift voor Palliatieve Zorg (NVTPZ) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Netherlands International Law Review International Refereed Yes Yes 0.03 35 No Netherlands Journal of Legal Philosophy (NJLP) Dutch Refereed No No No Netherlands Yearbook of International Law International Refereed Yes Yes 0.08 34 No New Criminal Law Review International Refereed No Yes 0.29 303 No Newsletter of School of Human Rights Research International Non-Refereed No No No Nieuw Juridisch Weekblad (NJW) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Nieuwsblad RGDispuut (Verenigingsblad Rotterdams Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Gezondheidsrecht Dispuut) Nieuwsbrief Johannes Wier Stichting Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Nieuwsbrief Personenschade Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Nieuwsbrief Strafrecht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Nieuwsbrief Strafrecht GeanNoteerd Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Nieuwsbrief van de Antilliaanse Juristen Vereniging Dutch Non-Refereed No No No NJCM Bulletin. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Mensenrechten Dutch Refereed No No No No Foundations: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Law and Justice International Refereed No No No North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial International Non-Refereed No Yes 0.44 317 No Regulation (ILJ) Notarieel en Fiscaal Maandblad Dutch Refereed No No No Notarisklerk Dutch Non-Refereed No No No NRC Focus (kwartaalblad NRC) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No NTFR Beschouwingen Dutch Non-Refereed No No No NWB Internationales Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht - IWB International Non-Refereed No No No NYU Journal of Law and Business International Refereed No No No Oil. Gas & Energy Law International Refereed No No No Ondernemingsrecht Dutch Refereed Yes No No
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1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
Onderzoek en Praktijk Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Openbaar Bestuur Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Opinio Juris in Comparatione International Refereed No No No OR Updates Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Orde van de dag. Criminaliteit en Samenleving Dutch Refereed No No No Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes International Refereed No No Yes 2.201 Osaka University Law Review (OULR) International Non-Refereed No No 3 No Overheid en aansprakelijkheid Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Overheidsdocumentatie (Od) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Oxford Bibliographies Online: International Law International Refereed No No No Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics International Refereed No No Yes 1.368 Oxford Journal of Law and Religion International Refereed No Yes 0.08 23 No Oxford Review of Economic Policy International Refereed No No Yes 1.042 Oxford University Comparative Law Forum 1 (at International Refereed No Yes 3 No ouclf.iuscomp.org) Pace Environmental Law Review International Refereed No Yes 0.57 398 No Pacific McGeorge Global Business & Development Journal International Refereed No No No PaNopticon. Tijdschrift voor Strafrecht. Criminologie en Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Forensisch Welzijnswerk Peking University Law Review International Refereed Yes No No Penn State Law Review International Refereed No Yes 0.69 1041 No Personality and Individual Differences International Refereed No No Yes 1.951 Perspectives on Europe International Refereed No No No Perspectivia International Non-Refereed No No No Phaxx. Kwartaalblad Pharos - Migranten. vluchtelingen en Dutch Non-Refereed No No No gezondheid Philosophy and TechNology International Refereed No No No PLoS One (print) International Refereed No No Yes 3.234
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1
1
1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
Pluralica International Non-Refereed No No No Polemos. Journal of Law. Literature and Culture International Refereed No No No Practical European Tax Strategies International Non-Refereed No No No Pro memorie : bijdragen tot de rechtsgeschiedenis der Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Nederlanden Pro Vita Humana Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Proces. Maandblad voor Berechting en Reclassering Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Psychologica Belgica International Refereed No No Yes 0.659 Psychology Crime & Law International Refereed No Yes 0.02 41 Yes 1.063 PsychoneuroendocriNology International Refereed No No Yes 4.944 Public Interest Law Journal (PILJ) International Non-Refereed No No 318 No Public Law International Refereed No Yes 9 No Q1234 (uitgave Delta Lloyd Groep) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Quaderni di Diritto e Politica Ecclesiastica International Refereed No No No Qualitative Research in Organization and Management International Refereed No No No Quality and Quantity International Refereed No No Yes 0.720 Rabels Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales International Refereed Yes Yes 0.02 24 No Privatrecht (RabelsZ) Ratio Juris (Oxford) International Refereed No No 0.09 92 No Rationality and Society International Refereed No No Yes 0.394 Recht der Internationalen Wirtschaft (RIW) International Non-Refereed Yes No No Recht der Werkelijkheid - Cahiers d'Anthropologie du Droit Dutch Refereed No No No Recht en Methode in onderzoek en onderwijs Dutch Refereed No No No Rechtsfilosofie en Rechtstheorie Dutch Refereed No No No Rechtsgeleerd Magazijn Themis Dutch Refereed No No No Rechtskundig weekblad Dutch Non-Refereed Yes No No Rechtstreeks Dutch Non-Refereed No No No RegelMaat. Kwartaalblad voor Wetgevingsvraagstukken Dutch Refereed No No No
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 199
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1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
Regulation & Governance International Refereed No Yes 0.19 193 Yes 1.800 Religie & samenleving Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Religion & Human Rights: An International Journal International Refereed No Yes 0.02 15 No Rendészeti Szemle International Refereed No No No Research Policy International Refereed No No Yes 3.117 Review of Business and Economics International Refereed No No No Review of European Community and International International Refereed No Yes 0.03 60 No Environmental Law (RECIEL) Review of law and economics International Refereed No Yes 0.14 178 No Revista Catalana de Seguretat Publica International Refereed No No No Revista de Educación y Derecho International Refereed No No No Revista de finanças públicas e direito fiscal International Refereed No No No Revista General de Derecho RomaNo International Refereed No No No Revista Româna De Drept European (Romanian Review of International Refereed No No No European Law) Revue de droit de l'Université libre de Bruxelles International Refereed No No No Revue d'integration Europeenne / Journal of European International Refereed No No No Integration Revue Européenne de Droit de la Consommation / European International Refereed No No No Journal of Consumer Law Revue historique de droit français et étranger International Refereed Yes No No Revue Internationale des Droits de l'Antiquité (RIDA) International Refereed Yes No No Revue Trimestrielle des Droits de l'Homme International Refereed Yes No No Richmond Journal on Global Law and Business International Non-Refereed No Yes 0.45 213 No Roman Legal Tradition International Refereed Yes No No Sancties, Tijdschrift over Straffen en Maatregelen Dutch Refereed No No No Santa Clara Journal of International Law International Non-Refereed No Yes 0.19 90 No SC (Staatscourant) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 200
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1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
SchiedsVZ-Zeitschrift für Schiedsverfahren International Non-Refereed No No No School en Wet Dutch Non-Refereed No No No SchuldSanering Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Secondant : tijdschrift van het Centrum voor Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Criminaliteitspreventie en Veiligheid Security and Human Rights International Refereed No No No Security Journal International Refereed No No Yes 0.628 Security Management Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Seminarios Complutenses de Derecho Romano International Refereed No No No Seoul Law Review International Refereed No No No SEW, Tijdschrift voor Europees en EcoNomisch Recht Dutch Refereed No No No Sociaal Bestek Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Social Networks (Online) International Refereed No No Yes 2.000 Social Networks (print) International Refereed No No Yes 2.000 Socialisme & Democratie Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Sociological Methods & Research (SMR) International Refereed No No No South African Journal on Human Rights International Refereed Yes Yes 0.02 25 Yes 0.170 Southern California Law Review International Refereed No Yes 1.84 1769 Yes 1.029 Southwestern Journal of International Law International Refereed No Yes 0.32 221 No Soziale Probleme International Refereed No No No Spektrum der Mediation International Refereed No No No SR Updates Dutch Non-Refereed No No No University of St, Thomas Law Journal International Non-Refereed No Yes 0.51 457 No StAB Jurisprudentietijdschrift Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Stanford Law Review International Refereed No Yes 4.11 4478 Yes 3.782 STAtOR Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Strafblad Dutch Refereed No No No Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric International Refereed No No No
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 201
1
1
1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
Studies of Transition States and Societies (STSS) International Refereed No No No Supreme Court Economic Review International Refereed No Yes 0.70 197 No Surinaams Juristenblad: orgaan van de Surinaamse Juristen- International Non-Refereed No No No Vereniging Svensk skattetidning International Refereed No No No Swedish Journal of European Law (Europarättslig tidskrift) International Refereed No No No Symbolic Interaction International Refereed No No Yes 0.625 TAP, Tijdschrift voor Arbeid en Participatie Dutch Non-Refereed No No No TAR-Justicia, Tijdschrift voor Antilliaans Recht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Tax Management International Journal International Non-Refereed Yes Yes 0.01 30 No Tax Management Transfer Pricing Report International Non-Refereed No No No Tax Notes International International Non-Refereed No Yes 140 No Tax Planning International Review International Non-Refereed No No No Texas Law Review International Refereed No Yes 1.89 3747 Yes 2.826 TGE, Tijdschrift voor Gezondheidszorg & Ethiek Dutch Non-Refereed No No No TH en MA Dutch Non-Refereed No No No The Australian Feminist Law Journal International Refereed No No No The Chinese Journal of Comparative Law International Refereed No No No The Environmental Law Reporter International Refereed No No No The European Journal of Risk Regulation International Refereed No No No The European Lawyer International Refereed No No No The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance, Issues and Practice International Refereed No No No (Genfer Hefte) The George Washington International Law Review International Refereed No No No The Icfai University Journal of Corporate and Securities Law International Refereed No No No The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law International Refereed No No No The International Sports Law Journal (ISLJ) International Non-Refereed No No No The JCMS Annual Review of the European Union in … International Refereed No No No
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1
1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
The Jean Monnet Program International Non-Refereed No No No The Journal of Applied EcoNomy International Refereed No No No The Journal of Financial Perspectives International Non-Refereed No No No The Journal of International Maritime Law International Refereed No No No The Journal of Law and Economics International Refereed No No No The Journal of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators (Arbitration) International Refereed No No No The Judiciary Quarterly International Refereed No No No The Leadership Quarterly International Refereed No No No The Legal Journal of Social Justice International Refereed No No No The Modern Law Review International Refereed No No No The Stata Journal International Refereed No No No The Trademark Reporter (TMR) International Refereed No No No The Yearbook on Polar Law International Refereed No No No Theoretical Inquiries in Law International Refereed Yes Yes 0.79 661 No Tijdschrift Arbeidsrechtpraktijk Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Tijdschrift Conflicthantering Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Tijdschrift Erfrecht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Tijdschrift Estate Planning/Estate Planning Journal/Revue de International Refereed No No No planning Patrimonal Tijdschrift Fiscaal Ondernemingsrecht Dutch Refereed No No No Tijdschrift Huurrecht in Praktijk (HP) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Tijdschrift Jeugdbeleid Dutch Refereed No No No Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit Dutch Refereed No No No Tijdschrift Praktijkwijzer Strafrecht (TPWS) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Tijdschrift Recht en Arbeid (TRA) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Tijdschrift Vervoer & Recht Dutch Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Arbeid & Onderneming Dutch Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Arbeidsvraagstukken (TvA) Dutch Refereed No No No
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 203
1
1
1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
Tijdschrift voor Arbitrage Dutch Refereed Yes No No Tijdschrift voor Belgisch Handelsrecht/Revue de droit International Refereed No No No commercial Belge (TBH-RDC) Tijdschrift voor Civiele Rechtspleging Dutch Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Compliance Dutch Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Constitutioneel Recht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Consumentenrecht Dutch Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Consumentenrecht en handelspraktijken Dutch Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Criminologie Dutch Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Financieel Recht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Fiscaal Recht Dutch Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor fiscale beheersing en compliance Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Formeel Belastingrecht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Gezondheidsrecht Dutch Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Gezondheidsschade, Milieuschade en Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Aansprakelijkheidsrecht Tijdschrift voor Goed Bestuur Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht Dutch Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Insolventierecht (TVI) Dutch Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Internationale Handel en Transportrecht / Revue Dutch Refereed No No No de Droit du Commerce Internationale et des Transports / Journal for International Trade and Transport Law Tijdschrift voor Internetrecht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Jaarrekeningenrecht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Mediageschiedenis Dutch Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Ondernemingsbestuur (TvOB) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Onderwijsrecht en Onderwijsbeleid Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Privaatrecht Dutch Refereed Yes No No
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 204
1
1
1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie Dutch Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis Dutch Refereed Yes No Yes 0.048 Tijdschrift voor Religie, Recht en Beleid Dutch Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Sanctierecht & Compliance Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Sport en Recht (TvS&R) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Toezicht Dutch Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid Dutch Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Vergoeding Personenschade (TVP) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Tijdschrift voor Vervoer & Recht Dutch Refereed No No No Tokoha Law Review International Refereed No No No TPC: tijdschrift voor public governance, audit & control Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Transplantation International Refereed No No Yes 3.828 Transportrecht International Refereed No No No Travel Law Quarterly International Non-Refereed No No No Trema, Tijdschrift voor de Rechterlijke Macht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Tribuut : orgaan van de Nederlandse Federatie van Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Belastingconsulenten UCLA Law Review International Refereed No Yes 2.99 3691 Yes 2.562 UMKC Law Review International Refereed No Yes 0.45 766 No Uniform Law Review / Revue de droit uniforme International Refereed No Yes 7 No University of Chicago Law Review International Refereed No Yes 1.66 3086 Yes 1.950 University of IlliNois Law Review International Refereed No Yes 1.54 2623 Yes 0.798 University of Pittsburgh Law Review International Refereed No Yes 0.56 496 Yes 0.108 University of Toronto Law Journal International Refereed No Yes 0.40 394 No Utrecht Law Review Dutch Refereed No Yes 0.08 90 No Vakstudie Nieuws, Documentatie op het gebied van het Fiscaal Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Recht VenNootschap & Onderneming (V&O) Dutch Non-Refereed No No No
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 205
1
1
1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
Verkeersrecht, Juridisch Maandblad Wegverkeer Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Verslaving Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Verzekeringsarchief Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Virginia Environmental Law Journal International Refereed No Yes 0.79 374 No Virginia Journal of International Law International Refereed No Yes 1.81 1216 No VM: vaktijdschrift voor professionals van verenigingen, branche- Dutch Non-Refereed No No No en beroepsorganisaties VoxEU,org International Non-Refereed No No No Wapenveld, Christelijk Perspectief op Geloof en Cultuur Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Weekblad Fiscaal Recht Dutch Refereed No No No Weekblad voor Privaatrecht, Notariaat en Registratie (WPNR) Dutch Refereed Yes No No Weg en Wagen: een visie op het nationaal en internationaal Dutch Non-Refereed No No No wegvervoerrecht William & Mary Business Law Review International Non-Refereed No No No William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review International Non-Refereed No Yes 0.81 591 No Wirtschaft und Wettbewerb (WuW) International Refereed Yes No No World Competition International Non-Refereed No No No WR Tijdschrift voor Huurrecht Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Wsnp Periodiek International Non-Refereed No No No Yearbook Commercial Arbitration International Non-Refereed No No No Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, International Refereed Yes No No Romanistische Abteilung Zeitschrift für das gesamte Handels- und Wirtschaftsrecht (ZHR) International Non-Refereed Yes No No Zeitschrift für Europäisches Privatrecht International Refereed Yes No No Zeitschrift für Gemeinschaftsprivatrecht (European Community International Non-Refereed No No No private law review / Revue de droit privé communautaire) Zeitschrift für Insolvenzrecht (KTS) International Refereed No No No Zeitschrift für Konfliktmanagement (ZKM) International Non-Refereed No No No
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 206
1
1
1 Title journal 1 Language Classification IFLP index Lee and Wash Index Lee and Wash impact factor Lee and Wash Jnls JCR Impact JCR
Zeitschrift für Neuere Rechtsgeschichte (ZNR) International Non-Refereed No No No Zeitschrift für Soziologie International Refereed No No Yes 0.708 Zeitschrift für Staats- und Europawissenschaften (ZSE) / Journal International Refereed No No No for Comparative Government and European Policy Zeitschrift für vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft International Refereed Yes No No Zeitschrift für Versicherungsrecht, Haftungs- und International Non-Refereed No No No Schadensrecht (VersR) Zeitschrift für Wettbewerbsrecht (ZWeR) International Non-Refereed No No No ZM Magazine Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Zorg & Financiering Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Zorg + Welzijn Dutch Non-Refereed No No No Zorgvisie Magazine Dutch Non-Refereed No No No
Note I The Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals (IFLP) is the preeminent multilingual index to articles and book reviews appearing in over 500 legal journals published worldwide, It provides in-depth coverage of public and private international law, comparative and foreign law, and the law of all jurisdictions other than the United States, the U,K,, Canada, and Australia, IFLP also analyzes the contents of approximately eighty individually published collections of legal essays, Festschriften, Mélanges, and congress reports each year, http://www,law,berkeley,edu/library/iflp/
The Journal Citation Reports offers a systematic means to critically evaluate the world’s leading journals, with quantifiable, statistical information based on citation data, The impact factor is a measure of the frequency with which the “average article” in a journal has been cited in a given period of time, http://thomsonreuters,com/products_services/science/science_products/a-z/journal_citation_reports/
The purpose of the Washington and Lee Index is to allow authors to find law journals by subject, country, or journal rank (where available), to display journal editorial information, and to facilitate an author’s article submission to those journals, Most bar journals, magazines, and newsletters are excluded from this list, Also excluded are law journals that have few English language articles, The impact-factor shows the average number of annual citations to articles in each journal, The “Journals” column shows the number of articles that cite to each journal that were found in the full-text Westlaw journals database “Journals and Law Reviews (JLR)”, http://lawlib,wlu,edu/LJ/
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 207 Appendix 10. ESL indicators for quality and relevance
Evidence on these indicators is presented in: • Part B: narratives • Part C: key publications • Part D: overview of key performance • Part II: list of publication output
Quality Relevance
Target group: peers Target groups: policymakers, legislators, legal practioners, and the general public
Products/ 1.1 Academic articles 2.1 Professional articles activities 1.2 Books/Monographs 2.2 Producs for ministries and
1.3 Book chapters government institutions or 1.4 Edited volumes international bodies with 1.5 Dissertations impact on policy or legislation 2.3 Engaging in public debate
Use / impact 3.1 Contributions of ESL-affiliated 4.1 References made in case law
researchers published in and policy documents journals with an impact factor 4.2 ESL-affiliated researchers in Washington & Lee Index or holding (part-time) positions the Journal Citation Reports with the judiciary and with 3.2 Reviews of monographs and government bodies edited volumes 4.3 ESL-affiliated researchers 3.3 Research products used in holding (part-time) positions in education legal practice 4.4 Contract research
Marks of 5.1 Grants, awards and honours 6.1 Membership of civil society and recognition 5.2 Guest professorships and governmental advisory boards fellowhips (outgoing) 6.2 Corporate sponsoring 5.3 Visiting professorships and 6.3 Civil society sponsoring fellowships (incoming) 5.4 Speeches, chairmanship of congresses, key notes, and guest lectures 5.5 Membership of editorial boards 5.6 Membership of scientific committees
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 208 Appendix 11. ESL Innovation Programme Research
Purpose Government funding for research (1st tier funding) comes increasingly under pressure. Consequently, external funding for research from contract research and grants obtained in scientific competitions are increasingly important for universities. With the Innovation Program ESL aims at supporting and stimulating ESL researchers in their ambitions to strengthen their CV’s, establish and strength (inter-) national research networks, successfully applying for external research funding, such as NWO and H2020, as well as increase valorization activities.
The Innovation Program provides financial support for the preparation of research proposals to be submitted – in the medium and long term, to (inter-) national funding organizations, aiming at network-building, as well as applications aiming to enhance knowledge transfer.
The Innovation Program accepts applications fitting the research profile of ESL for one or more of the following purposes: • Applications to finance the cost for activities leading to the preparation of high level research proposals, including research activities that do not immediately lead up to a research proposal, such as publications in leading journals. Research activities that support a promising research proposal in the medium or long term are in principle eligible for funding as well; • Applications which demonstrate adding to the consolidation of the research profile of ESL, as well as to the the development of new research areas; • Applications with the purpose to strengthen the CV of talented researchers who qualify to apply for prestigious (talent) grants; • Applications with the aim of network-building in preparation of a research proposal; • Applications with the aim to enhance knowledge transfer and knowledge utilization.
Who can apply Applications can be submitted by researchers with a permanent or temporary position at Erasmus School of Law. The applicant must be in possession of an appointment at ESL throughout the entire period for which the grant is requested.
What to apply for Each calendar year, there is a maximum amount of € 200.000,- available for the Innovation Program. While there is in principle no upper and lower limit, the amount requested must be proportionate to the intended output(s). Moreover, the ESL Board of Research (DBOZ) seeks to finance projects that cannot be financed in the context of the ESL research programs.
See below for a few examples. The following activities may be included in the proposal: • (Teaching) Replacement grant for the preparation and/or writing of a funding application. • Direct research costs for the temporary appointment of an applicant in the bridging period between submission and award. Hiring a student assistant for help in the preparation of a proposal: • Lab costs, project costs for conducting empirical research (e.g. interviews, special software license) • Outgoing mobility costs for a researcher for a research stay abroad (max. 6 months) in order to strengthen his/her CV with the aim of successfully applying for a personal research grant (e.g. ERC grants). • Incoming mobility costs for a visiting professorial researcher (max. 6 months) to build or strengthen a high level national or international research network or consortium.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 209 • Funding of research meetings, inviting guest lectures, in order to strengthen a high level international or national research network or consortium, and deepening of research questions in preparation of a funding application. It should be noted that workshops and seminars, other than with a clear deliverable can be financed through the program budget. • Acquisition and valorisation activities.
The final objective and demonstrable achievements for the activity/ies for which the application is submitted must be clearly defined in the proposal. Furthermore, it needs to be clearly indicated for what reasons financing is requested from this Innovation Program and for what activities.
When to apply No application deadline applies. ESL researchers can submit a project proposal on a continuous basis via email address: [email protected].
Assessment All applications are evaluated according to three main criteria: quality, fit with the research profile of ESL and expected output. The amount requested must be proportionate to the intended output.
1. Quality of the proposal – Quality of the outline and summary of the proposal, such as innovative character, logical correspondence between the project proposal and the expected outcomes of the project, correspondence between the proposed activities and the criteria of the targeted funding scheme. – Quality of the applicant: based on his / her track record the researcher can be considered as a promising applicant (in due course) for a grant with correspondence to the criteria of the targeted funding scheme – Quality of the intended partners 2. Expected output – Final proposal – Project deliverables with correspondence to the criteria of the targeted funding scheme 3. ESL research profile The research activities envisaged in the submitted funding proposal need to fulfill the following conditions: – innovative research on the function of law in its economic and social context; – the promise of international and interdisciplinary research or a strong social and business-driven orientation
Assessment procedure DBOZ will assess the applications on the criteria mentioned above in a DBOZ-meeting. On assessment of an application, in some cases DBOZ may consult external reviewers to determine the proposal's innovative character. DBOZ will submit their findings to the Dean ESL. The Dean takes the final decision to award or withhold grant based on the recommendations of DBOZ. A review of the financial feasibility of the application by the ESL internal controller forms part of the procedure. The applicant shall be informed about the decision of the Dean as soon as possible after a DBOZ-meeting.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 210 Pre Award-Procedure The applicant receives a letter of the decision of the Dean. After the approval of a grant application a tailor-made arrangement will be drawn up between the ESL Board and the applicant in which the deliverables and payment of the grant will be stipulated.
Details for submission Applicant should consult the Head of the Department and, to the extent applicable, the Program Director before submitting the proposal. Their advice should be included in the submitted proposal.
Applications must be submitted to DBOZ via email address: [email protected]. The proposal should not exceed 4 pages, including the budget submission.
Format of the application: • Name; • Advise of the Program Director and, to the extent applicable, the Head of Department; • Name of the targeted funding scheme and of the call; • Deadline of the call; • Outline and summary of the proposal (max. 2 A4s); • Intended partners; • Concrete activities for which funding is requested; • Project deliverables; • Clear and concise budget plan + approval of the business controller; • CV(s).
Contact person If you have any questions about the Innovation Program, please do not hesitate to contact the faculty’s subsidy adviser, Mrs. Nathalie Weber, by email at [email protected], or by telephone at 010 408 2364.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 211 Appendix 12. ESL Bachelor and Master programmes
Bacheloropleidingen
Criminologie Fiscaal recht Mr.drs.-programma Economie en Rechten Rechtsgeleerdheid
Masteropleidingen Varianten
Aansprakelijkheid en Verzekering Arbeidsrecht Arbitration and Business Law (niet-initieel) Commercial Law, met de volgende
varianten Commercial and Company Law Maritime & Transport Law Criminologie European Master in Law and Economics
(niet-initieel) Financieel recht Fiscaal recht Ondernemingsrecht Recht van de Gezondheidszorg Rechtsgeleerdheid,
met de volgende varianten: Individuele variant International and European Public Law Privaatrecht Staats- en Bestuursrecht Strafrecht Togamaster
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 212 Appendix 13. Terms of Reference Research Assessment 2016
The board of Erasmus University Rotterdam hereby issues the following Terms of Reference to the assessment committee of Erasmus School of Law (ESL), chaired by prof.dr. Laurence Gormley.
Assessment You are kindly being asked to assess the quality and relevance to society of the research conducted by ESL as well as its strategic targets and the extent to which it is equipped to achieve them.
Strategic targets of ESL The strategic targets for ESL research are defined as:
• To conduct high-quality research that has high visibility and a solid reputation in the national and international academic community; • To achieve a significant impact as regards scientific publications in national and international refereed journals, along with monographs and edited volumes with leading national and international publishers; • To attract, develop, and retain talented researchers in all stages of their career; • To offer a high-quality and internationally competitive PhD programme in the Erasmus Graduate School of Law; • To offer legal education that reflects scientific insights on the part of ESL researchers.
Criteria SEP You should do so by judging ESL’s performance on the three SEP assessment criteria (a. to c.) below. Please be sure to take into account current (international) trends and developments in science and society in your analysis.
a. research quality; b. relevance to society; c. viability.
For a description of these criteria, see Section 2 of the SEP 2015-2021. Please provide a written assessment on each of the three criteria and assign Erasmus School of Law a particular category (1 (unsastisfactory), 2 (good), 3 (very good) or 4 (world leading and/or excellent) for each assessment criterion, in accordance with the SEP guidelines. Please also provide recommendations for improvement.
Discipline protocol in addition to SEP The evaluation is organised on a national level in cooperation with the other Dutch law faculties. It is set up in a way to show quality, relevance and viability of research, based on the same set of objective criteria. For this purpose the Board of Deans of Dutch Law Faculties adopted a discipline protocol (Disciplineprotocol evaluatie rechtswetenschappelijk onderzoek 2016) as an operationalization of SEP 2015-2021. This Board appointed professor van Genugten as a national reviewer/coordinator who will draft an evaluative report on the state of legal research in the Netherlands, based on the results of the assessment reports of the local panels.
Assessment at faculty level ESL will evaluate its research and research policy at faculty level. This means that one self- evaluation report is being written at the institute level. Key publications and best practices of
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 213 research with academic quality and societal relevance will be selected from ESL’s five research programs in the context of ESL’s research mission and vision:
“The fundamental premise underlying academic research conducted at ESL is that law cannot be considered in splendid isolation or as an end in itself. It is imbedded in an economic and social context that shapes law. At the same time, law itself shapes society and defines economic relationships. In line with this vision, the mission of ESL is to conduct innovative research on the function of law in its economic and social context. ESL research has a strong social and business-driven orientation. ESL is committed to promoting international and interdisciplinary research” http://www.esl.eur.nl/home/research/mission_and_objectives/
Aspects for special consideration We would kindly ask for your special consideration to the following aspects in the assessment:
1. How research conducted by ESL contributes to the research profile of ESL.
2. How ESL succeeds in enrolling an overarching strategy to fulfill its mission and vision.
3. How ESL balances research programming and opportunities for innovative, multidisciplinary research projects outside the boundaries of its programmes or at the crossroads of its programmes.
4. How ESL stimulates the development of research talent.
5. The way in which ESL’s doctorate programmes of Erasmus Graduate School of Law (EGSL) and the European Doctorate for Economics and Law (EDLE) result in a high quality education, high quality dissertations and alumni who are fully equipped for legal and academic positions at high level.
6. How ESL’s policy enhances scientific integrity.
Documentation The necessary documentation will be available on the secure website https://surfdrive.surf.nl/files/index.php/s/DMx5PPHcxddk4Ia no less than eight weeks prior to the site visit. The documents will include at least the following:
• Self-assessment with appendices • ESL Midterm Review 2012 (Management Report and Research Programme Reports 2009- 2011) • Annual reports research programmes ESL 2012-2015 • Report Erasmus Graduate School of Law (EGSL) 2012-2015 “Guiding Talent” • Rotterdam Institute of Law and Economics (RILE) Reports 2012- 2015, including activities of the European Doctorate for Economics and Law (EDLE)
Site visit The site visit at ESL will take place on November 2016 (to be planned). The provisional programme for the site visit is enclosed with this letter. ESL will contact you about logistical matters as soon as possible.
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 214 Statement of impartiality Before embarking on your assessment work, you will be asked to sign a statement of impartiality. In this statement, you declare that you have no direct relationship or connection with ESL.
Assessment report Please report your findings in an assessment report drawn up in accordance with The SEP guidelines and format. You are kindly asked to send the draft report to ESL no more than eight weeks after the site visit. ESL will check the report for factual inaccuracies; if such inaccuracies are detected, you are kindly asked to correct them and to send (the corrected version of) the assessment report to the board of ESL.
The assessment panel will be supported professionally by an expert of the QANU (Quality Assurance Netherlands Universities).
ESL SELF-ASSESSMENT RESEARCH 2009-2015 215 Erasmus School of Law Research 2009-2015
ESL Research 2009-2015 Self-assessment 2016
Erasmus School of Law Burgemeester Oudlaan 50 3062 PA Rotterdam
Postbus 1738 3000 DR Rotterdam www.esl.eur.nl