Emigration Facts &figures 5 Immigration Service. 2020.5 GhanaImmigration Service. ra-to-vote-in-2020-610657.] Ghanaians InDiaspora to Vote In2020. High Court ordered the Electoral Commission to voting forfully implement external the 2020 elections. [Ghanaweb.com. 2017. 4 Therightto vote for citizensabroad in2006. was However, passedinto law thelegislationhasyet to beimplemented. In2017, theAccra diaspora therightto abode 3 The Immigration Regulations, 2001 (Regulation 13) grant individuals who have lost of their Africancitizenship or who are descent in the 2 1 Citizenship Act2000(Act 591) Citizenship Regulation(LI1690). 2001 % ofemigrants in total population under abroad, as wellas‘persons ofAfrican descent intheDiaspora’ asnoted intheRightsto Abode Terminology: ‘Diaspora’ hasgenerally beenusedto refer to persons ofGhanaiandescent living CitizenshipRegulation 2001 Remittances inflow(USD million): Remittances asashareofGDP: Ghana doesnothaveadiaspora engagementpolicy. GHANA Diaspora engagementmapping . Ghana. Right of Abode. Right ofAbode. Ghana. https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Court-clears-Ghanaians-in-diaspo % ofwhich in theEU . 5 https://www.gis.gov.gh/right_of_abode.html.

5.5 3,723 % Côte d´Ivoire United States Nigeria Top countries ofdestination Political rights Not yet implemented Voting fromabroad: Dual citizenship for citizensresidingabroad Right tovote innationalelections 123 51,364 111,024 140,920 173,952 233,002

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th – the 8 , the operational , the operational http://www.mop.gov. 6 Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration. Regional Integration. and Ministry Affairs of Foreign provides an outline for a future national an outline for provides Around the same time, Around the government 9 10 The state’s increasing diaspora focus was focus diaspora increasing The state’s 11 Legon Centre for International Affairs and Diplomacy. https:// and Diplomacy. Affairs International for Centre Legon represents the first comprehensive national migration policycomprehensive represents migration national first the 7 The Diaspora Engagement Initiative Concept Paper. Engagement Initiative Concept The Diaspora The Coordinated Programme of Economic and Social Development Policies 2017-2024. Programme The Coordinated Policy Brief: National Diaspora Engagement Policy. National Diaspora Policy Brief: National Migration PolicyNational Migration Coordinated Programme of Economic and Social Development Policies 2017-2024 of Economic Programme Coordinated Diaspora Engagement Initiative Concept Paper Concept Initiative Engagement Diaspora region’ – beginning with a ‘Homecoming Summit.’ – beginning with a ‘Homecoming region’ role include the development to investors diaspora on large its previous focus broadened as a whole. sent by the diaspora of remittances anyone of African dual citizenship (including to permit moves to through further demonstrated although the descent) respectively, vote, and 2006, in law enacted the diaspora and in 2002 2020). the time of writing (August at challenges implementation face to continued vote right to Trends & achievements Trends the in the 1990s, celebration diaspora African Panafest of Ghana’s the success Following when century, the of turn the at abroad moreGhanaians court actively to began government ‘11 Ghana’s – relationship its with the diaspora formalise to process it launched a national Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda (II) 2014-2017 (GSGDA) Growth Shared Ghana 2014-2017 (II) Agenda Development and

philanthropic contributions. Additional focus areas include mobilising the diaspora for development development for diaspora the mobilising include areas focus Additional contributions. philanthropic firms local in investment agriculture, direct diaspora promoting as well health, as in education; and like products and launching joint ventures, agencies, restructuring investment promotion through access recipients gain remittance that enable to products and supporting innovative bonds; diaspora financial servicesto and business support. The on the diaspora informing objectives, which include engagement It outlines broad policy. diaspora in diasporas engage portal to diaspora initiatives via an online development social and economic ministry across diasporas policy-making; of the foreign strengthening the role in advocating for and encouraging resources; and technical of knowledge the transfer facilitating government; government’s latest guiding development policy – outlines diaspora engagement priorities, including engagement policy guiding development latest – outlines diaspora government’s ensuring their participation in national of Ghanaians abroad, welfare the and protecting promoting Bureau Affairs relocating the Diaspora policy, development, engagement a diaspora developing ministry the foreign of the the implementation of the facilitating from the Office President, to and government that the The document also states (ROPAA). Amendment Act of the People Representation the purposes of development. resources for diaspora into tap to Fund a Diaspora will establish framework. The policy establishes several objectives and strategies related to brain drain/gain and drain/gain brain related to strategies and objectives The policy several establishes framework. supportingin development diasporas of role the as well as emigrants, of returnthe reintegration and increase to policyThe strategies recommends also transfers. resource knowledge and through dual citizenship and transnationalism. facilitating while flows, remittance The framework for the previous guiding development policy, builds on its predecessor (CSGDA I), which (CSGDA on its predecessor builds policy, previousthe guiding development for framework mobilising to references several II makes CSGDA incentives. investment diaspora need for mentioned development.national as resources expertisecoordination and of identifies lack It also diaspora for engagement. an issue in diaspora The The

https://ghanaemberlin.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/DAB_CONCEPT_PAPER.pdf. 2016. Amanda. 10 Coffie, www.researchgate.net/publication/338920902_Ghana_Diaspora_Engagement_Policy. 11 Ibid. al-migration-policy-for-ghana.pdf&site=354. 8 Government of Ghana, 2017. gh/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Coordinated-Programme-Of-Economic-And-Social-Development-Policies.pdf. 2019. Bureau, Affairs 9 Diaspora 6 National Development Planning Commission, 2014. Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda (GSGDA) II, 2014-2017. http://ex II, 2014-2017. (GSGDA) Ghana Shared Agenda and Development Growth 2014. Planning Commission, 6 National Development twprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/gha152510.pdf. Ghana. http://www.migratingoutofpoverty.org/files/file.php?name=nation Policy for National Migration 2016. 7 Ministry of the Interior, •

• • Overview policy of the framework and legislative •

2019 2017

2016 2014

GHANA pora-bond-or-Ghana-diaspora-growth-fund-847474. 2020. 18 Ghanaweb.com. World17 Bank.2020. Migration andRemittances Data: AnnualRemittances Data April 2020. https://www.iom.int/files/live/sites/iom/files/Country/docs/MIDA-Ghana-Health-Project-2012.pdf. 16 International Organization for Migration. 2012. “MIDA GhanaHealth Project”. International Organization TheHague: for Migration. www.researchgate.net/publication/338920902_Ghana_Diaspora_Engagement_Policy. 15 Coffie, Amanda. 2016. tion. https://media.africaportal.org/documents/PB_no.130.pdf. Cyrus.14 Rustomjee, 2018. www.researchgate.net/publication/338920902_Ghana_Diaspora_Engagement_Policy. 13 Coffie, Amanda. 2016. na-Diaspora-Engagement-Project.pdf. 12 IOMMissionto Ghana. • • • • Obstacles • • • • their significant representation inthe representation totaltheir significant emigrant population. America.ActivitiesNorth to engage marginal remain despite communitiesintheregion resident has aimedmanyofitsengagement withGhanaiansinEurope initiativesatdeveloping relations and America-baseddiaspora communities:Focus ofengagementonEuropeandNorth diaspora’ intheformulation andensuring thatallvoices represented are ofpoliciesandprogrammes. ofdiasporaThe diversity poses achallenge representations to the government in‘speaking to the of ways, includingthrough faith-based andethnic-based associationsatnationalandlocallevels. Diaspora associationalmakeup: the lackofaclear hasmeant policy engagement efforts havearguablyremained adhoc. Engagement Concept Paper outlined the intention to launch a full diaspora in the near policy future, diaspora stakeholders whom they should communicate with. In addition, although the 2019 Diaspora the government’s various diaspora engagement unitsovertheyears make itunclear to some Lack of clarity in institutional and policy frameworks: ininstitutionalandpolicy Lack ofclarity aboutwhetherthediaspora theirrightsinthe2020doubts remain willbeableto exercise elections. being legally giventherightto vote in2006. In2017, acourt ruledinfavour ofthediaspora vote but Failure to implement the diaspora vote: importance ofdiaspora Ghana,whoseremittance inflows to thehighestlevels ofgovernment. engage withdiaspora associationsandinternationaldirectly, partners more underscoring the recently,More in2017, established itsownDiaspora theOfficePresidency ofthe Affairs to Office with international partners to facilitate ofdiaspora return professionals. thetemporary as offering breaks tax diasporafor direct regions. investmentsinspecific 2007, it attempted (unsuccessfully)On diaspora investment, to issue bonds targeted at the diaspora in organised various diaspora events intheearly 2010s, includingthe2013 Diaspora BusinessForum. withdifferent to experiment programmes Italso ondiasporareturn, outreach andinvestment. foreign ministriesfrom 2006. several ministries,withvarious offices openingandmovingwithinthe tourism,interior and At theinstitutional level, themanagement ofdiaspora engagement hasshifted between new diaspora bondin2020 to raise $3billionto fundinfrastructure investment. across theworld.Following thecampaign,government announced thatitwouldissuea of Return, in2019 (seebelow), reaching GhanaianandAfrican ‘spotlight’ diaspora communities commitment to diaspora engagement byorganising alarge-scale outreach campaign,theYear millionin2009 to around $3.5 fromexploded billionin2019, $114 14 before shiftingfocus financialsystem to addressing constraintsremittances, on aswell Policy Brief:Policy NationalDiaspora EngagementPolicy. Policy Brief:Policy National Diaspora Engagement Policy. Diaspora bondorGhanadiaspora fund? growth Diaspora Engagement Project. Issues andChallengesinMobilizingAfrican Diaspora Investment. 12 Alongside the institutional tweaking, the government continued Alongsidetheinstitutionaltweaking, thegovernment continued Thediverse Ghanaiandiaspora organise themselvesinarange IOM.https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/country/docs/ghana/IOM-Gha Voting an issue of contention remains for diasporas, despite . https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Dias Legon Centre for International Affairs andDiplomacy. https:// Legon Centre for International Affairs andDiplomacy. https:// Overlapping andchangingmandates among Centre for International Governance Innova 17 showcased its sustained showcaseditssustained 15 Ghana also worked Ghanaalsoworked 18 The government

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26 anniversary of the arrival th Ghana Diaspora Homecoming Summit. Homecoming Ghana Diaspora https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51191409. As a result, As number of visa Ghana experienced a record 19 The tourism ministry The tourism the Re Beyond subsequently launched the Past summits have also seen cultural and business-related tours tours and business-related summits have also seen cultural Past 20 23 Accessed June 22. http://1d1f.gov.gh/about-us/. Accessed Building bonds for migration and development: Diaspora engagement policies of Ghana, India and development: Diaspora migration bonds for Building Ghana Tourism Authority. https://visitghana.com/beyond-the-return/. Authority. Ghana Tourism Did Ghana’s Year of Return attract foreign visitors? foreign attract of Return Year Did Ghana’s 1D1f.Gov.Gh. Beyond the Return Beyond and Beyond the Return. The regular summit also gives the chance for the government to engage directly with the engage to the government for The regular also gives the chance summit Effective practices Effective 24 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH https://www.migrationinstitute.org/files/news/build (GTZ) Zusammenarbeit Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische

25 International Catholic Migration Commission. 2018. “Promoting The Positive Potential Of Migrants For Development: The Case Of Gha The Case Development: For Of Migrants The Positive Potential “Promoting 2018. Commission. Migration Catholic 25 International https://www.afford-uk.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/made-mi Commission. Migration Catholic International Leone”. na And Sierra gration-and-development-west--project-2018.pdf. 2020. Us | One District”. 26 “About and Serbia. ing-bonds-for-migration-and-development.pdf. 2017. Summit”. Homecoming Diaspora Ghana - TOUR BUSINESS HERITAGE CULTURAL - “GDHS 24 http://www.ghanadiasporahs.org/gdhs-cultural-heritage-business-tour/. 22 Beyond the Return comprises seven pillars which address different aspects of diaspora return: 1) Ghana; 2) invest in Ghana; aspects of diaspora experience which address different pillars seven comprises the Return 22 Beyond Ghana; 6) Ghana; 5) brand 4) Ghana; and 7) visa); celebrate give back to (including institution of a diaspora Ghana to 3) pathways improve assets (ibid). and heritage tourism Thomas.2010. Lacroix, Simona & 23 Vezzoli, 19 BBC News. 2020. : diaspora: African 19 BBC News. 2020. Ibid. 20 21 Visit Ghana. 2020. in attracting large-scale diaspora investment. In particular, GIPC has run investment roadshows around the around GIPC has run investment roadshows investment. diaspora large-scale In particular, in attracting the One District One Factory initiative, national initiatives like investment to diaspora world and linked at the district level. manufacturing aimed at promoting programme government The GIPC was launched as a government initiative to encourage inbound investment through investment investment investment through inbound encourage initiative to launched as a government The GIPC was opportunities. on investment Al and disseminating data policies and plans, while collecting promotion services actor provides though the centre a key in investing in Ghana, it has become anyone interested to Ghana Investment Promotion Centre (GIPC) Centre Ghana Investment Promotion run in parallel. summit. at the 2019 representatives speaking other senior state with the President and several diaspora, The first summit was held in 2001. It provides an opportunity for diaspora members to support and contrib to support and members for diaspora an opportunity2001. It provides was held in summit The first the country’s to ute a series of networking through opportunities and presen and progress development opportunities. on engagement tations Ghana Diaspora Homecoming Summit Homecoming Ghana Diaspora to reach the many African diaspora communities around the world, including people of African descent descent the world, including people of African around communities diaspora the many African reach to the Americas. from visitors) from January-September 2019. January-September from visitors) and inbound investment. dialogue with diasporas sustained encourage plan to turn initiative, a 10-year engagement diaspora broadening to approach innovative The two campaigns underlined the government’s several organisations to organise a series of events, commemorating the 400 commemorating a series of events, organise to organisations several African slave in the Americas. of the first recorded additional 237,000 (around in visitors increase year-on-year visits, including a 45% applications and tourist The Year of Return and Beyond the Return campaigns aimed at encouraging African diasporas to visit, to diasporas African aimed at encouraging campaigns the Return and Beyond Return of The Year tourism ministry the with worked Affairs and of Diaspora the Office In 2019, and invest in Ghana. return to, Year of Return of Year SPOTLIGHT: SPOTLIGHT:

IDENTITY

INVESTMENT NETWORKS NETWORKS TOURISM + + TOURISM

GHANA Summit 2019. organisations in the UK and in the run-up to the Ghana Diaspora Celebration and Homecoming ment policy. munities across Europe oftheprocess aspart to develop thegovernment’s upcoming diaspora engage The Diaspora Affairs supportedbyICMPD, unitoftheOfficePresident, ofthe has consulted diaspora com Consulting theGhanaiandiaspora ontheupcoming diaspora engagement policy cent-actions-in-diaspora-engagement. 28 «Recent Actions InDiaspora Engagement». 2019. ra-engagement-policy-of-ghana/. GhanaEmbassy inFrance. 2019.27 OnDiaspora Engagement “Survey OfGhana”. Policy https://paris.embassy.gov.gh/survey-on-diaspo 27 This process included an online survey and two face-to-face andtwo Thisprocess includedanonlinesurvey consultations withdiaspora 28 Mieux-Initiative.Eu . https://www.mieux-initiative.eu/en/news-events/news/134-re - - - -

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GHANA ------including those related to including those related to 29 30 National institutions At regional level At • • 29 International Organization for Migration. 2019. “IOM Supports The Government Of Ghana In The Establishment Of The Ghana Na The Government Of Ghana In The Establishment “IOM Supports 2019. Migration. for Organization 29 International https://rodakar.iom.int/news/iom-supports-government-ghana-establishment-ghana-national-migra Commission”. tional Migration tion-commission. 2020. Unit of Ghana, 15 July Affairs Diaspora interview, informant 30 Key ment within national frameworks. The Government of Ghana plans to establish a Ghana National Migra establish to The Government of Ghana plans ment within national frameworks. interventions, all migration-related coordinate to as a means tion Commission engagement. diaspora Chaired within the Ministry of Interior, the 16-member IMSCM is comprised of representatives from gov of representatives the 16-member IMSCM is comprised from Chaired within the Ministry of Interior, and develop migration with the purpose of integrating ernment institutions, academia and other partners Inter-Ministerial Steering Committee on Migration (IMSCM) on Migration Inter-Ministerial Steering Committee Established in 2008 within the Ministry of Interior, the unit leads the government’s efforts to streamline to streamline efforts government’s the the unit leads within the Ministry in 2008 Established of Interior, framework. within the national development migration Migration Unit Migration The DAOOP was established in 2017. Its objectives include strengthening relations with the diaspora, pro Its objectives include strengthening relations with the diaspora, in 2017. established was The DAOOP database.moting youth engagement, a diaspora and maintaining Diaspora Affairs, Office of the President (DAOOP) of the President Office Affairs, Diaspora Ghanaians abroad and encouraging involvement in the country’s and encouraging Ghanaians abroad The unit has a activities. socioeconomic with the diaspora based at Ghanaian diplomatic missions, who interface desk officers network of diaspora residents respective of their countries. The Diaspora Affairs Unit is housed within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration. Pre Integration. Regional and Affairs Unit is housed within the MinistryForeign of Affairs The Diaspora Office under the established was Office Affairs the Diaspora before Bureau, Affairs viously the Diaspora of database government’s the for establishing Unit is responsible of the President, Affairs the Diaspora Diaspora Affairs Unit Affairs Diaspora • Ghana is a member of the African Union and nominates a diaspora focal point to represent point to Ghana as part focal a diaspora Union and nominates of the African Ghana is a member Meetings. CIDO Continental of the AU • CIDO) (AU Directorate Union Citizens and Diaspora African Diaspora related institutions related Diaspora Annex: Actors List of

GHANA “Ghana Unions” to orgroups specificethnicgroups. local-level churches “Ghana representing Unions” The Ghanaiandiaspora byarange is represented oforganisations across from Europe, larger national-level Diaspora organisationsinEurope fices andunits to develop campaigns to encourage diaspora visits. ofTourism theMinistry Previously hasworked withthediaspora andDiaspora of Relations, theministry ofTourism,Ministry andCulture Arts in Ghana. GIPC isthegovernment-funded businessandinvestmenthubfor diasporas interested indoingbusiness Ghana InvestmentPromotionCentre 31 31 amongstGhanaiansby organisingunity socialandcultural activities. The GCG actsasthemain liaisonfor inGeneva. theGhanaiancommunity Itpromotes welfare andfosters inGeneva (GCG)Ghanaian Community GHACIF aims to enableGhanaiansinFrance andcontribute to to initiatives. network community inFranceGhanaian Community Council (GHACIF) socialandculturalAustriaGhana. The non-profit bondsbetween seeks diplomatic, trade, to strengthen Ghana Austria BusinessAssociation(GHABA) lands. TheCouncil ofGhanaiansinthecountry. promotes intercultural dialogueandthelonghistory COGHAN was formed organisations to theGhanaiancommunity support andassociationsintheNether Council ofGhanaianOrganisationsintheNetherlands(COGHAN) Ghana Investment PromotionCentre (Act Act2013 865). Integration activities Integration activities Integration activities Development activities Integration activities 31 Switzerland 2015 Ghana. Austria 2013

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Italy UK 2013 UK 2013 OGHA shares its president with GHACIF. France 32 Sweden 1983 Sweden 1983 UK 2009 UK 2009 UK 1979 UK 1979 Integration activities Integration activities Development Integration activities Integration Integration activities Integration activities Development Integration activities Integration Integration activities Integration Integration activities Integration 32 “Organisation of Ghanaians Abroad (OGHA) | Ville de Garges.” n.d. Www.Villedegarges.Fr. Ville de Garges. Accessed July 2, 2020. https:// July 2, 2020. Accessed Ville de Garges. n.d. Www.Villedegarges.Fr. | Ville de Garges.” (OGHA) of Ghanaians Abroad 32 “Organisation www.villedegarges.fr/annuaires/associations/culture-solidarite-internationale/organisation-ghanaians-abroad-ogha. https://www.moderngha 2019. 30, August Ghana. Modern 2019. France.” to Awua-Ababio Invites Abroad of Ghanaians “Organisation 33 na.com/news/952730/organisation-of-ghanaians-abroad-invites-awua.html. OGHA, the successor to the Federation of Ghanaian Diaspora in Europe, aims to bring together all Ghana bring together in Europe, aims to of Ghanaian Diaspora OGHA, the Federation to the successor of Ghana. the development for ians abroad Organisation of Ghanaians Abroad (OGHA) Organisation of Ghanaians Abroad (OGHA) The NCGU is the umbrella body for the regional diaspora unions in the UK. It aims to identify in the UK. It aims to unions the needs of the regional diaspora is the umbrella body for The NCGU development. their social and economic promote community in the UK and to the Ghanaian diaspora National Council of Ghanaian Unions (NCGU) of Ghanaian Unions (NCGU) National Council The Ghana Union is the oldest association of Ghanaians in Sweden. The Union has several bodies which bodies several has Union The Sweden. in Ghanaians of association oldest the is Union Ghana The and support dialogue and events, heritage cultural promote servicesprovide Ghanaian community, the to betweendevelopment Ghana and Sweden. Ghana Union Stor Stockholm (GUSS) Ghana Union Stor Stockholm (GUSS) The association supports Ghanaians in accessing information and services in the province of Caserta and and services of Caserta information The association supports in the province Ghanaians in accessing the municipality of Naples. around Ghana Union Association Caserta Italy (GUACI) Ghana Union Association Caserta Italy (GUACI) The Ghana Union is an independent charity formed by the Ghanaian Chaplaincy in 1979. It seeks to provide provide to It seeks by the Ghanaian Chaplaincy in 1979. is an independent charityThe Ghana Union formed of Ghana. traditions the social and cultural promote in the UK and to Ghanaians aid to Ghana Union The network provides educational and networking opportunities for the Ghanaian diaspora in London. Ghanaian diaspora the The network and networking educational provides opportunities for Ghanaian Londoners Network Londoners Ghanaian

GHANA The Representative Council ofGhanaianOrganizationsintheNetherlands(RECOGIN) to companies interested intheItalian andGhanaianmarkets. services provides advisory The associationaimstocultural, support economic GhanaandItaly. andtrading between opportunities It The Italian Business Associationof Ghana assistancetered to Ghanaianmigrants. KOFA has organised several cultural in France events and artistic and exhibitions adminis and has directly The associationpromotes theintercultural andbilateral France development between andGhana.SAN SANKOFA August 2020 Edited by: Written by: ment inGhana. has alsoparticipated inseveral philanthropic activitiesto educationalattainment support anddevelop The organisation seeks tothefunctioningofGhanaianassociationsandunionsinGermany. support UGAG The UnionofGhanaianAssociationinGermany(UGAG) ICT andlanguage training, amongstmanyotheractivities. owns theGhanaianCommunity Foundation Netherlands. Theorganisation provides funding, workshops, RECOGIN organisation isanumbrella for intheNetherlands, and 48Ghanaianassociationsandchurches Development activities Development activities Integration activities Development activities Integration activities Integration activities EUDiF France Loksan Harley

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