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An Ecocritical Analysis of Nature and Culture in The AN ECOCRITICAL ANALYSIS OF NATURE AND CULTURE IN THE MAZE RUNNER TRILOGY NOVEL BY JAMES DASHNER A Thesis Submitted to Faculty of Letters and Humanities In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Strata One (S1) ARDHA PRIMA TAHIER 1113026000044 ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2017 ABSTRACT Ardha Prima Tahier, An Ecocritical Analysis of Nature and Culture in The Maze Runner Trilogy Novel by James Dashner. A Thesis: English Language and Literature Department, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, 2017. The research aims to reveal how nature is presented, what kind of human attitude the characters demonstrate, and how the interconnection between nature and culture is depicted in The Maze Runner trilogy novel. To achieve the purpose, the researcher investigates five environmental aspects within the trilogy: the representation of nature, nature exploration, the interconnection of nature and culture, technology, and political impact on nature. By applying ecocritical approach and descriptive qualitative method, the analysis discovers a quite deep environmental value proposed by The Maze Runner trilogy that nature is represented through a metaphorical object of home; the characters then demonstrate a lack of human attitude towards nature viewed from their explorations on nature; and the interconnection between nature and culture is based on the examination of an inappropriate encounter between a desert and a city which leads to the absence of a boundary between the two interconnected concepts, and how a totalitarian government induces disrespect attitude towards nature by misusing advanced technology. Hopefully, this research is able to acquaint Ecocriticism as a compelling theory of literary criticism, and most importantly, contribute to the preservation of nature through academic way. Keywords: Ecocriticism, The Maze Runner trilogy, Nature, Culture, Environment, Civilisation. i ii iii DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institutes of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in this text. Jakarta, October 2017 Ardha Prima Tahier iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Bismillahirahmanirahim In the name of Allah, the most Gracious and the most Merciful Alhamdulillah, all praise to Allah SWT, the Lord of universe with his blessing and guidance in every striving to finish this thesis. Peace upon the greatest prophet Muhammad SAW, his family and his followers who has guided into the light path of Allah. The researcher deepest gratitude comes mainly from his parents, Mr. Tahiruddin and Mrs. Lis Saodah, for all the love, prayers and support of both morally and materially, also from his sister Dinda Delishan Tahier for always supporting him. The researcher also wants to give his gratitude to Mrs. Ida Rosida, M.Hum as his advisors for the time, support, advice and guidance throughout the process of writing this thesis. The researcher would also like to deliver his deepest gratefulness and thankfulness to the following people: 1. Prof. Dr. Sukron Kamil, M. Ag., the Dean of faculty of Letters and Humanities. 2. Drs. Saefudin, M. Pd., the head of English Letters Department. 3. Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum., the secretary of English Letters Department. 4. All the lectures of English Letters Department who had taught her during her study in State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. v 5. His beloved Steffi Megawati Atsa, thank you for the greatest support, spirit, and assistant throughout the completion of this honour thesis. 6. Uno group, for all of their time and dedication in cheering up the researcher to terminate this examination. 7. To Adam Alhadi, Aditya Wibisono, Ahmad Abdul Fathir, Andi Arfianto, Asep Prasetyo, Fadli M Zen, and Rosyid Septriadi for their time in giving advice and enjoyment to the researcher throughout the creation of this writing. 8. Literature class, thanks for all the support and assistant given to the researcher for the benefit of this honour thesis. Jakarta, October 2017 Ardha Prima Tahier vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ i APPROVEMENT .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. LEGALIZATION ................................................................................................. ii DECLARATION .................................................................................................. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................... vii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1 A. Background of the Study .............................................................................. 1 B. Focus of the Reseacrh .................................................................................. 6 C. Research Question ........................................................................................ 7 D. Significance of the Reseacrh ........................................................................ 7 E. Methodology of the Research ...................................................................... 8 1. The Objective of the Research ................................................................. 8 2. The Method of the Research .................................................................... 8 3. The Technique of Data Analysis .............................................................. 8 4. The Instrument of the Research ................................................................ 9 5. The Unit of Analysis ................................................................................ 9 6. Time and Place ......................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ........................................... 11 A. Previous Research ...................................................................................... 11 B. Ecocriticism: A Contemporary Literary Criticism ..................................... 15 vii 1. Introduction ............................................................................................ 15 2. Nature in Contemporary American Novel ............................................. 16 C. Interconnection of Nature and Culture ....................................................... 17 D. Nature Exploration ..................................................................................... 20 E. Technology ................................................................................................. 21 F. Political Impact on Nature ......................................................................... 21 CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDING ............................................................ 22 A. How Nature Presented in The Maze Runner Trilogy ................................. 23 B. Exploration on Nature ................................................................................ 29 C. Interconnection between Nature and Culture ............................................. 38 D. Technology ................................................................................................. 45 E. Political Impact on Nature ......................................................................... 49 CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .................................... 53 A. Conclusion ................................................................................................. 53 B. Suggestion .................................................................................................. 55 WORKS CITED .................................................................................................. 57 APPENDIXES ..................................................................................................... 63 viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Societies all over the world are experiencing great advancement and competition in any field which is obviously seen in the massive development of industry, science, and technology during this 21st century. However, it brings unwanted impact to the sustainability of nature and environment as the massive developments of those three fields often induce environmental problems mostly on its ignorance towards preservation of natural world which subsequently gives rise to global warming and ravaged ecosystem. As these environmental problems arise, there simultaneously emerges an awareness provoked through diverse media in preserving nature and preventing more serious impacts, one of the media that contributes much is literary works, essentially, young adult literature through its environmental value and message. Young adult literature may simply be defined as literary works which are generally written for teenage readers in which teenagers specifically become the major characters of its narration. Not only gripping topics, authors also stimulate plot twists throughout the whole story, which in some cases, contains apocalyptic elements
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