Disease Caused by Fungus Medical Term
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Fungal Infections from Human and Animal Contact
Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews Volume 4 Issue 2 Article 4 4-25-2017 Fungal Infections From Human and Animal Contact Dennis J. Baumgardner Follow this and additional works at: https://aurora.org/jpcrr Part of the Bacterial Infections and Mycoses Commons, Infectious Disease Commons, and the Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases Commons Recommended Citation Baumgardner DJ. Fungal infections from human and animal contact. J Patient Cent Res Rev. 2017;4:78-89. doi: 10.17294/2330-0698.1418 Published quarterly by Midwest-based health system Advocate Aurora Health and indexed in PubMed Central, the Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews (JPCRR) is an open access, peer-reviewed medical journal focused on disseminating scholarly works devoted to improving patient-centered care practices, health outcomes, and the patient experience. REVIEW Fungal Infections From Human and Animal Contact Dennis J. Baumgardner, MD Aurora University of Wisconsin Medical Group, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; Center for Urban Population Health, Milwaukee, WI Abstract Fungal infections in humans resulting from human or animal contact are relatively uncommon, but they include a significant proportion of dermatophyte infections. Some of the most commonly encountered diseases of the integument are dermatomycoses. Human or animal contact may be the source of all types of tinea infections, occasional candidal infections, and some other types of superficial or deep fungal infections. This narrative review focuses on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of anthropophilic dermatophyte infections primarily found in North America. -
A Spectral BSSRDF for Shading Human Skin
Eurographics Symposium on Rendering (2006) Tomas Akenine-Möller and Wolfgang Heidrich (Editors) A Spectral BSSRDF for Shading Human Skin Craig Donner and Henrik Wann Jensen† Universtiy of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA Abstract We present a novel spectral shading model for human skin. Our model accounts for both subsurface and surface scattering, and uses only four parameters to simulate the interaction of light with human skin. The four parameters control the amount of oil, melanin and hemoglobin in the skin, which makes it possible to match specific skin types. Using these parameters we generate custom wavelength dependent diffusion profiles for a two-layer skin model that account for subsurface scattering within the skin. These diffusion profiles are computed using convolved diffusion multipoles, enabling an accurate and rapid simulation of the subsurface scattering of light within skin. We combine the subsurface scattering simulation with a Torrance-Sparrow BRDF model to simulate the interaction of light with an oily layer at the surface of the skin. Our results demonstrate that this four parameter model makes it possible to simulate the range of natural appearance of human skin including African, Asian, and Caucasian skin types. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Color, shading, shadowing, and texture 1 Introduction Debevec et al. [DHT∗00] measured the reflectance field of human faces, allowing for rendering of skin under varying Simulating the appearance of human skin is a challenging illumination conditions with excellent results. Jensen and problem due to the complex structure of the skin. Further- Buhler [JB02], Hery [Her03] and Weyrich et al. -
Isolation and Growth of Adult Human Epidermal Keratinocytes in Cell Culture
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector CITATION CLASSIC 0022-202X/78/7102-0157$02.00/0 THE JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY, 71:157–162, 1978 Vol. 71, No. 2 Copyright & 1978 by The Williams & Wilkins Co. PrintedinU.S.A. Isolation and Growth of Adult Human Epidermal Keratinocytes in Cell Culture SU-CHIN LIU,PH.D., AND MARVIN KARASEK,PH.D. Humanepidermalkeratinocytesmaybeisolatedinhighyieldfrom 0.1 mm keratotome sections of adult skin by short-term trypsinrelease.Whenplatedonacollagen-coatedplasticsurfaceor on a collagen gel, keratinocytes attach with high efficiencies (470%) and form confluent, stratified cultures. Cell populations of predominantly basal cells produce proliferative primary cell cultures while populations of basal cells and malpighian cells result in nonproliferative primary cultures. Both nonproliferative and proliferative primary cultures may be subcultured on collagen gels following dispersion by trypsin and EDTA. Methotrexate strongly inhibits proliferative keratinocytes at low concentrations (0.1 mg/ml) but has no cytotoxic effect on non- proliferative cells. L-serine and dexamethasone increase the multiplication rate of both primary and subcultured human keratinocytes. The ability to isolate and to grow human epidermal keratinocytes from Preparation of Collagen Surfaces both normal and diseased human skin in sufficient quantities for Acid soluble collagen is extracted and purified from adult rabbit skin as described biochemical and genetic studies has been a long-range goal of many previously [10]. Three types of culture surfaces are prepared on 35-mm plastic investigators. Although keratinocytes may be obtained from postem- Petri dishes: (a) collagen-coated, (b) thin gel, and (c) 2-mm collagen gel. -
Review Article Sporotrichosis: an Overview and Therapeutic Options
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Dermatology Research and Practice Volume 2014, Article ID 272376, 13 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/272376 Review Article Sporotrichosis: An Overview and Therapeutic Options Vikram K. Mahajan Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Dr. R. P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh 176001, India Correspondence should be addressed to Vikram K. Mahajan; [email protected] Received 30 July 2014; Accepted 12 December 2014; Published 29 December 2014 Academic Editor: Craig G. Burkhart Copyright © 2014 Vikram K. Mahajan. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Sporotrichosis is a chronic granulomatous mycotic infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii, a common saprophyte of soil, decaying wood, hay, and sphagnum moss, that is endemic in tropical/subtropical areas. The recent phylogenetic studies have delineated the geographic distribution of multiple distinct Sporothrix species causing sporotrichosis. It characteristically involves the skin and subcutaneous tissue following traumatic inoculation of the pathogen. After a variable incubation period, progressively enlarging papulo-nodule at the inoculation site develops that may ulcerate (fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis) or multiple nodules appear proximally along lymphatics (lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis). Osteoarticular sporotrichosis or primary pulmonary sporotrichosis are rare and occur from direct inoculation or inhalation of conidia, respectively. Disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis or involvement of multiple visceral organs, particularly the central nervous system, occurs most commonly in persons with immunosuppression. Saturated solution of potassium iodide remains a first line treatment choice for uncomplicated cutaneous sporotrichosis in resource poor countries but itraconazole is currently used/recommended for the treatment of all forms of sporotrichosis. -
Antifungals for Onychomycosis & Systemic Infections
Clinical Policy: Infectious Disease Agents: Antifungals for Onychomycosis & Systemic Infections Reference Number: OH.PHAR.PPA.70 Effective Date: 01/01/2020 Last Review Date: N/A Coding Implications Line of Business: Medicaid Revision Log See Important Reminder at the end of this policy for important regulatory and legal information. Description: INFECTIOUS DISEASE AGENTS: AGENTS FOR ONYCHOMYCOSIS NO PA REQUIRED “PREFERRED” PA REQUIRED “NON-PREFERRED” GRIFULVIN®V tablets (griseofulvin, microsize) ITRACONAZOLE (generic of Sporanox®) GRISEOFULVIN suspension (generic of LAMISIL Granules (terbinafine) Grifulvin®V) ONMEL® (itraconazole) GRIS-PEG® (griseofulvin, ultramicrosize) SPORANOX® 100mg/10ml oral solution TERBINAFINE (generic of Lamisil®) (itraconazole) INFECTIOUS DISEASE AGENTS: AGENTS FOR SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS NO PA REQUIRED “PREFERRED” PA REQUIRED “NON-PREFERRED” FLUCONAZOLE (generic of Diflucan®) CRESEMBA® (isavuconazonium) FLUCONAZOLE suspension (generic of ITRACONAZOLE capsules (generic of Diflucan®) Sporanox®) FLUCYTOSINE (generic of Ancobon®) NOXAFIL® (posaconazole) KETOCONAZOLE (generic of Nizoral®) ORAVIG® (miconazole) SPORANOX® 100mg/10ml oral solution (itraconazole) VORICONAZOLE (generic of Vfend®) TOLSURA (itraconazole) FDA Approved Indication(s): Antifungals are indicated for the treatment of: • aspergillosis • blastomycosis • bone and joint infections • candidemia • candidiasis • candidiasis prophylaxis • candiduria • cryptococcal meningitis • cryptococcosis • cystitis Page 1 of 9 CLINICAL POLICY Infectious Disease Agents: -
Epidemiology and Geographic Distribution of Blastomycosis, Histoplasmosis, and Coccidioidomycosis, Ontario, Canada, 1990–2015 Elizabeth M
Epidemiology and Geographic Distribution of Blastomycosis, Histoplasmosis, and Coccidioidomycosis, Ontario, Canada, 1990–2015 Elizabeth M. Brown,1 Lisa R. McTaggart,1 Deirdre Dunn, Elizabeth Pszczolko, Kar George Tsui, Shaun K. Morris, Derek Stephens, Julianne V. Kus,2 Susan E. Richardson2 In support of improving patient care, this activity has been planned and implemented by Medscape, LLC and Emerging Infectious Diseases. Medscape, LLC is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team. Medscape, LLC designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.00 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. All other clinicians completing this activity will be issued a certificate of participation. To participate in this journal CME activity: (1) review the learning objectives and author disclosures; (2) study the education content; (3) take the post-test with a 75% minimum passing score and complete the evaluation at http://www.medscape.org/journal/eid; and (4) view/print certificate. For CME questions, see page 1400. Release date: June 15, 2018; Expiration date: June 15, 2019 Learning Objectives Upon completion of this activity, participants will be able to: • Describe the epidemiology and geographic distribution of microbiology laboratory-confirmed -
Oral Antifungals Month/Year of Review: July 2015 Date of Last
© Copyright 2012 Oregon State University. All Rights Reserved Drug Use Research & Management Program Oregon State University, 500 Summer Street NE, E35 Salem, Oregon 97301-1079 Phone 503-947-5220 | Fax 503-947-1119 Class Update with New Drug Evaluation: Oral Antifungals Month/Year of Review: July 2015 Date of Last Review: March 2013 New Drug: isavuconazole (a.k.a. isavunconazonium sulfate) Brand Name (Manufacturer): Cresemba™ (Astellas Pharma US, Inc.) Current Status of PDL Class: See Appendix 1. Dossier Received: Yes1 Research Questions: Is there any new evidence of effectiveness or safety for oral antifungals since the last review that would change current PDL or prior authorization recommendations? Is there evidence of superior clinical cure rates or morbidity rates for invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis for isavuconazole over currently available oral antifungals? Is there evidence of superior safety or tolerability of isavuconazole over currently available oral antifungals? • Is there evidence of superior effectiveness or safety of isavuconazole for invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis in specific subpopulations? Conclusions: There is low level evidence that griseofulvin has lower mycological cure rates and higher relapse rates than terbinafine and itraconazole for adult 1 onychomycosis.2 There is high level evidence that terbinafine has more complete cure rates than itraconazole (55% vs. 26%) for adult onychomycosis caused by dermatophyte with similar discontinuation rates for both drugs.2 There is low -
Blastomycosis — Wisconsin, 1986–1995
July 19, 1996 / Vol. 45 / No. 28 601 Blastomycosis — Wisconsin 603 Measles Pneumonitis Following Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination of a Patient with HIV Infection, 1993 606 Biopsy-Confirmed Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in Automobile Production Workers Exposed to Metalworking Fluids — Michigan 611 Update: Outbreaks of Cyclospora cayetanensis Infection — United States and Canada, 1996 Blastomycosis — Wisconsin, 1986–1995 Blastomycosis is— a Conti diseasenued of humans and animals caused by inhalation of airborne spores from Blastomyces dermatitidis, a dimorphic fungus found in soil. The spec- trum of clinical manifestations of blastomycosis includes acute pulmonary disease, subacute and chronic pulmonary disease (most common presentations), and dissemi- nated extrapulmonary disease (cutaneous manifestations are most common, fol- lowed by involvement of the bone, the genitourinary tract, and central nervous system) (1 ). Although the disease is not nationally notifiable, it was designated a re- portable condition in Wisconsin in 1984 following two large outbreaks. This report summarizes information about cases of blastomycosis reported in Wisconsin during 1986–1995 and highlights the importance of surveillance for blastomycosis in areas with endemic disease. In Wisconsin, cases of blastomycosis are reported to the Division of Health (DOH), Wisconsin Department of Health and Social Services. A confirmed case is defined as isolation of B. dermatitidis or visualization of characteristic broad-based budding yeast from a clinical specimen obtained from a person with clinically compatible ill- ness (e.g., subacute pneumonia or characteristic skin lesions). During 1986–1995, a total of 670 cases of blastomycosis were reported to DOH, representing a statewide mean annual incidence rate of 1.4 cases per 100,000 persons. -
Immunology of Paracoccidioidomycosis
516 REVISÃO L Imunologia da paracoccidioidomicose * Immunology of paracoccidioidomycosis Maria Rita Parise Fortes 1 Hélio Amante Miot 2 Cilmery Suemi Kurokawa 1 Mariângela Esther Alencar Marques 3 Sílvio Alencar Marques 2 Resumo: Paracoccidioidomicose é a mais prevalente micose sistêmica na América Latina, em pacientes imunocompetentes, sendo causada pelo fungo dimórfico Paracoccidioiddes brasiliensis. O estudo da sua imunopatogênese é importante na compreensão de aspectos relacionados à história natural, como a imunidade protetora, e à relação entre hospedeiro e parasita, favorecendo o entendimento clínico e a elaboração de estratégias terapêuticas. O polimorfismo clínico da doença depende, em última análise, do perfil de resposta imune que prevalece expresso pelo padrão de citocinas teciduais e circulantes, além da qualidade da resposta imune desencadeada, que levam ao dano tecidual. Palavras-chave: Alergia e imunologia; Citocinas; Paracoccidioides; Paracoccidioidomicose Abstract: Paracoccidioidomycosis is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America, among immunecompetent patients. It's caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioiddes brasiliensis. Investigations regarding its immunopathogenesis are very important in the understanding of aspects related to natural history, as the protective immunity, and the relationship between host and parasite; also favoring the knowledge about clinical patterns and the elaboration of therapeutic strategies. The disease clinical polymorphism depends, at least, of the immune response profile -
Blastomycosis Information for Dog Owners
Blastomycosis Information for Dog Owners Key Facts Disease in dogs can be: • Nonspecific - dogs may have fever, weight loss, or lack of appetite. • Associated with signs in a specific organ/system, such as: • Respiratory disease, e.g. cough, difficulty breathing. • Eye disease, e.g. blindness, swelling within or around the eye. • Skin, e.g. ulcerations or mass-like lesions on the face, nose or nails. • Bone, e.g. lameness or swelling. If appropriate treatment is started early, most dogs can be cured. However, long- term expensive treatment may be required. Dogs living in or traveling to specific locations (see below) have the highest exposure to the disease-causing mold and are at greatest risk. Dogs involved in hunting or field trials in these areas are at increased risk of disease. What is it? Blastomycosis is due to infection with the fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis. The fungus is found in the environment, most often in sandy soil near bodies of water. Disease in dogs can vary with infection site; lethargy, fever, cough and trouble breathing are most common. Where is it? Due to the preferred environmental conditions of the fungus, blastomycosis is generally found in specific regions of North America. Although there is some risk of blastomycosis to dogs outside of these regions, it is very unusual to see dogs with blastomycosis who have not lived in (or traveled to) the following high-risk regions: • USA: Ohio River Valley (i.e. Ohio, Indiana, Blastomyces dermatitidis fungus in canine liver tissue Kentucky, southwest Pennsylvania, northwest under microscopic examination (Public Domain: Centers for West Virginia), Mississippi, Missouri and the Disease Control and Prevention) Mid-Atlantic States. -
Application to Add Itraconazole and Voriconazole to the Essential List of Medicines for Treatment of Fungal Diseases – Support Document
Application to add itraconazole and voriconazole to the essential list of medicines for treatment of fungal diseases – Support document 1 | Page Contents Page number Summary 3 Centre details supporting the application 3 Information supporting the public health relevance and review of 4 benefits References 7 2 | Page 1. Summary statement of the proposal for inclusion, change or deletion As a growing trend of invasive fungal infections has been noticed worldwide, available few antifungal drugs requires to be used optimally. Invasive aspergillosis, systemic candidiasis, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, fungal rhinosinusitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, phaeohyphomycosis, histoplasmosis, sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis, and relapsed cases of dermatophytosis are few important concern of southeast Asian regional area. Considering the high burden of fungal diseases in Asian countries and its associated high morbidity and mortality (often exceeding 50%), we support the application of including major antifungal drugs against filamentous fungi, itraconazole and voriconazole in the list of WHO Essential Medicines (both available in oral formulation). The inclusion of these oral effective antifungal drugs in the essential list of medicines (EML) would help in increased availability of these agents in this part of the world and better prompt management of patients thereby reducing mortality. The widespread availability of these drugs would also stimulate more research to facilitate the development of better combination therapies. -
Clinical Features of Pulmonary Mucormycosis in Patients with Different Immune Status
5052 Original Article Clinical features of pulmonary mucormycosis in patients with different immune status Min Peng1#, Hua Meng2#, Yinghao Sun3, Yu Xiao4, Hong Zhang1, Ke Lv2, Baiqiang Cai1 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 2Department of Ultrasound, 3Department of Internal Medicine, 4Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China Contributions: (I) Conception and design: M Peng, H Zhang, K Lv; (II) Administrative support: None; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: M Peng, Y Xiao, H Zhang; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: H Meng; Y Sun; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: M Peng, H Zhang; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. #These authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence to: Dr. Hong Zhang; Dr. Ke lv. No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]. Background: Pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) is a relatively rare but often fatal and rapidly progressive disease. Most studies of PM are case reports or case series with limited numbers of patients, and focus on immunocompromised patients. We investigated the clinical manifestations, imaging features, treatment, and outcomes of patients with PM with a focus on the difference in clinical manifestations between patients with different immune status. Methods: Clinical records, laboratory results, and computed tomography scans of 24 patients with proven or probable PM from January 2005 to December 2018 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Ten female and 14 male patients were included (median age, 43.5 years; range, 13–64 years).