DOCSLIB.ORG

Status of Wildlife and Its Utilisation in Faro and Benoué National Parks North Cameroon

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Status of Wildlife and its Utilisation in Faro and Benoue National Parks North Cameroon: Case study of the Derby Eland (Taurotragus derbianus gigas Gray, 1947) and the African Wild Dog Lycaon pictus Temminck, 1840) Faculty of Environmental Science And Process Engineering Chair of General Ecology Brandenburg Technical University Siemens – Halske – Ring 8 P O Box 101344, 03013 Cottbus Germany This thesis is submitted for the award of the Doctor of Philosophy Degree (PhD) in Environmental Resource Management Status of Wildlife and its Utilisation in Faro and Benoué National Parks North Cameroon: Case study of the Derby Eland (Taurotragus derbianus gigas Gray, 1947) and the African Wild Dog (Lycaon pictus Temminck, 1840) Ist-bestand der Wild tiere deren Nutzung in den Nationalparks Faro und Benoué (Nord Kamerun): Fallstudie Riesenelen (Taurotragus derbianus gigas Gray, 1947) und Afrikanischem Wildhund (Lycaon pictus Temminck, 1840) By Tsi Evaristus Angwafo BSc (ABU), MSc (Ibadan) Nigeria Matric. No. 2315152 Born on 15th March, 1971 in Mankon – Mezam, Cameroon Supervisor: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Gerhard Wiegleb 2nd Supervisor: Prof. Prof. Dr. h. c., Michael Mühlenberg Cottbus, July 2006 Tsi, E. A. Chair of General Ecology. Faculty of Environmental Resources and Process Engineering. BTU- i Cottbus, Siemens & Halske Ring 8, Postfach 101344. D-03013 Cottbus, Germany. [email protected] Status of Wildlife and its Utilisation in Faro and Benoue National Parks North Cameroon: Case study of the Derby Eland (Taurotragus derbianus gigas Gray, 1947) and the African Wild Dog Lycaon pictus Temminck, 1840) CERTIFICATION This thesis entitled “Status of Wildlife and its Utilisation in Faro and Benoué National Parks North Cameroon: Case study of the Derby Eland (Taurotragus derbianus gigas Gray, 1947) and the African Wild Dog (Lycaon pictus Temminck, 1840)” by Tsi Evaristus Angwafo (BSc. ABU MSc. Ibadan, Nigeria) meets the regulations governing the award of a Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD) in Environmental Resource Management of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Germany, and was approved for its contributions to scientific knowledge and literary presentation. ----------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------- (Supervisor) Date Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Gerhard Wiegleb University Professor and Head Chair of General Ecology Head of ERM program BTU Cottbus, Germany ----------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------- (2nd Supervisor) Date Prof. Prof. Dr. h. c., Michael Mühlenberg University Professor Director of the Centre for Nature Conservation Faculty of Biology University of Gottingen Tsi, E. A. Chair of General Ecology. Faculty of Environmental Resources and Process Engineering. BTU- ii Cottbus, Siemens & Halske Ring 8, Postfach 101344. D-03013 Cottbus, Germany. [email protected] Status of Wildlife and its Utilisation in Faro and Benoue National Parks North Cameroon: Case study of the Derby Eland (Taurotragus derbianus gigas Gray, 1947) and the African Wild Dog Lycaon pictus Temminck, 1840) DECLARATION I hereby solemnly declare that this thesis is written independently without any unauthorized help. I have used and cited only the materials and sources indicated in the reference list and have quoted all words, phrases or passages taken from these sources. The thesis is wholly the author’s and has not been part of any presentation for any other qualification in its present form or similar version. Cottbus, July 2006 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tsi Evaristus Angwafo BSc. (ABU) MSc. (Ibadan) Nigeria Tsi, E. A. Chair of General Ecology. Faculty of Environmental Resources and Process Engineering. BTU- iii Cottbus, Siemens & Halske Ring 8, Postfach 101344. D-03013 Cottbus, Germany. [email protected] Status of Wildlife and its Utilisation in Faro and Benoue National Parks North Cameroon: Case study of the Derby Eland (Taurotragus derbianus gigas Gray, 1947) and the African Wild Dog Lycaon pictus Temminck, 1840) DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my parents His Majesty Fon S.A.N. Angwafo III and Mrs. Theresia Awah- Ngang Angwafo for the spirit of hard work instilled in me. Tsi, E. A. Chair of General Ecology. Faculty of Environmental Resources and Process Engineering. BTU- iv Cottbus, Siemens & Halske Ring 8, Postfach 101344. D-03013 Cottbus, Germany. [email protected] Status of Wildlife and its Utilisation in Faro and Benoue National Parks North Cameroon: Case study of the Derby Eland (Taurotragus derbianus gigas Gray, 1947) and the African Wild Dog Lycaon pictus Temminck, 1840) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I want to say thank you to Mr. Thomas Brauer of the Max Plank Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig-Germany for the CD ROM given to me containing a compilation of literature relating to researches on the African Wild Dog Lycaon pictus which was used exhaustively in my research. I also thank him for reading my research proposal and his comments which went a long way to shape the quality of the results. I am equally indebted to the significant contributions of the following: the provincial delegate for the Environment and Forest north province Garoua Mr Bengono Alain Gustave for the GPS offered for the study and his letter of recommendation; Colonel & Mrs. Ngwafor Joseph for accommodating me and three persons on my research team in Garoua, the transportation to and from Faro and Benoué National Park and other logistics; Prof. Ephraim Ngwafor & Dr. Nah Thomas for precipitating the process of obtaining a permit into the northern parks (Faro, Benoué & Bouba Ndjida) from the Ministry of Environment and Forest and the Ministry of Wildlife and Nature Protection Yaoundé; the manager of Faro National Park (Mr. Hamayero Ardo) for his involvement in my field questionnaire distribution, the offer of the camping tents, keeping our food provisions and the exercise of choosing field guide and trackers at the village of Mayo Jaranji; the manager of Benoué National Park (Mr. Assan Gomse ) for allowing us lodge outside the premises of the “Campement de buffle noir”; the director of the Wildlife School in Garoua (Dr. Talla Francis) for giving me a “topofil”; the manager of WWF Savannah project Garoua (Dr. Donfack Jean Paul) for allowing me consult literature in their library and Mr. Tsakem Christian Samuel a biologist of the same service for the drawing up of the GIS maps of Faro and Benoué National Parks used to trace survey transects. I appreciate Mr. Konje Patrick (a long serving tracker with WWF in Yokadoma) for his two compasses and willingness to assist in the collection of field data but regrettably felt ill when we descended on the field. I do not forget the important part played be the villagers under the instructions of the village chiefs (Njaro Maidadi Labba and Njaro Djidere Kaigama) of Mayo Jaranji and Durusaka villages respectively for being welcoming and cooperative when we spend nights in their respective villages in Faro National Park. I sincerely thank Mr Guy Betaille a French hunting guide who assisted in transporting my research team from Durusaka to Mina villages and equally helped rescue one field worker when he felt seriously ill. I will like also to mention the contribution of Mr. Datti Carlo Rizzotte an Italian who hosted us a night in his camp in Benoué National Park. The team of field workers did an excellent job and is worthy of appreciation Mallam Ngambo Moussa, Moussa Sodje Faourou, Tsi, E. A. Chair of General Ecology. Faculty of Environmental Resources and Process Engineering. BTU- v Cottbus, Siemens & Halske Ring 8, Postfach 101344. D-03013 Cottbus, Germany. [email protected] Status of Wildlife and its Utilisation in Faro and Benoue National Parks North Cameroon: Case study of the Derby Eland (Taurotragus derbianus gigas Gray, 1947) and the African Wild Dog Lycaon pictus Temminck, 1840) Gilbert-Albert Djefoh Moumini and Isa Jingo Damien field guides for Faro National Park, Nanawa Alphons, Bobo Lamine, Miriam Claver (from Netherlands), Ilona de Jong (Netherlands), Abessolo Amougou Bertin (military) and Djengue Pierre (military) field team for Benoué National Park. The input of my friends like Augustine Ntemi assisting with the SPSS analysis, Brian Melle Ewane with computer formatting can not be over looked. Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Dipl. – Math. Albrecht Gnauck and Prof. Dr. Wolf Schluchter were helpful in reading and correcting the SPP results and the development of field questionnaires respectively, so deserve my appreciation. I thank the teaching and supporting staff of the Chair of General Ecology for all their contributions especially Mrs. Nocker Ulrike with her teaching the GIS software. I thank the PhD commission of the Environmental resource management programme of Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus for providing part financial assistance for my field data collection in Cameroon. I also thank the Ministry of Higher Education (MINESUP) Cameroon for granting me a study leave to carry out this study. My loudest appreciation goes to the Chair of General Ecology under the management of its able professor and head of the ERM programme Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Gerhard Wiegleb, for hosting this research and providing technical and logistics for the successful completion of this piece. My sincere gratitude goes to the deligent, constructive and positive criticisms and timely suggestions of my supervisor Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil Gerhard Wiegleb and
Recommended publications
  • Page 1 C H a D N I G E R N I G E R I a G a B O N CENTRAL AFRICAN

    Page 1 C H a D N I G E R N I G E R I a G a B O N CENTRAL AFRICAN

    CAMEROON: LOCATIONS OF UNHCR PERSONS OF CONCERN (November 2019) 1,713,168 PERSONS UNDER THE COMPETENCENIGER OF UNHCR 271,566 CAR REFUGEES IN RURAL AREAS 107,423 NIG REFUGEES IN RURAL AREAS 26,305 URBAN REFUGEES 9,688 ASYLUM SEEKERS 950,263 INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDPs) Kousseri LOGONE 347,923 RETURNEES ET CHARI Waza Limani Magdeme Number of refugees EXTRÊME-NORD MAYO SAVA < 3,000 Mora Mokolo Maroua CHAD > 5,000 Minawao DIAMARÉ MAYO TSANAGA MAYO KANI > 20,000 MAYO DANAY MAYO LOUTI Number of IDPs < 2,000 > 5,000 NIGERIA BÉNOUÉ > 20,000 Number of returnees NORD < 2,000 FARO MAYO REY > 5,000 Touboro > 20,000 FARO ET DÉO Beke chantier Ndip Beka VINA Number of asylum seekers Djohong DONGA < 5,000 ADAMAOUA Borgop MENCHUM MANTUNG Meiganga Ngam NORD-OUEST MAYO BANYO DJEREM Alhamdou MBÉRÉ BOYO Gbatoua BUI Kounde MEZAM MANYU MOMO NGO KETUNJIA CENTRAL Bamenda NOUN BAMBOUTOS AFRICAN LEBIALEM OUEST Gado Badzere MIFI MBAM ET KIM MENOUA KOUNG KHI REPUBLIC LOM ET DJEREM KOUPÉ HAUTS PLATEAUX NDIAN MANENGOUBA HAUT NKAM SUD-OUEST NDÉ Timangolo MOUNGO MBAM ET HAUTE SANAGA MEME Bertoua Mbombe Pana INOUBOU CENTRE Batouri NKAM Sandji Mbile Buéa LITTORAL KADEY Douala LEKIÉ MEFOU ET Lolo FAKO AFAMBA YAOUNDE Mbombate Yola SANAGA WOURI NYONG ET MARITIME MFOUMOU MFOUNDI NYONG EST Ngarissingo ET KÉLLÉ MEFOU ET HAUT NYONG AKONO Mboy LEGEND Refugee location NYONG ET SO’O Refugee Camp OCÉAN MVILA UNHCR Representation DJA ET LOBO BOUMBA Bela SUD ET NGOKO Libongo UNHCR Sub-Office VALLÉE DU NTEM UNHCR Field Office UNHCR Field Unit Region boundary Departement boundary Roads GABON EQUATORIAL 100 Km CONGO ± GUINEA The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations Sources: Esri, USGS, NOAA Source: IOM, OCHA, UNHCR – Novembre 2019 Pour plus d’information, veuillez contacter Jean Luc KRAMO ([email protected]).
  • 8 Day Accomodated Safari -Journey Through Botswana

    8 Day Accomodated Safari -Journey Through Botswana

    "JOURNEY THROUGH BOTSWANA” is an 8-Day fully accommodated "moBile" Safari that takes in all that ChoBe National Park, Khwai Private Reserve, Moremi Game Reserve and the Okavango Delta offers-from the outset exploring ChoBe River to the remarkaBle Game viewing... the 7 nights spent utilizing different lodges & luxury camps Based in this unique wilderness that Botswana showcases',will leave indeliBle memories of spectacular wildlife and evenings spent around a campfire under Billions of stars. This 8 Day accomodated safari overnights at permanent camps-offering something for guests who do not particularly want to "camp", But who like the idea of a moBile safari that offers an outstanding level of private guiding throughout. This safari can start in Maun and end in Kasane as well.... "JOURNEY THROUGH BOTSWANA" 8 DAY FULLY ACCOMODATED SAFARI from $4995pp RACK TOUR CODE :WDJB DEPARTURE POINT IS KASANE AIRPORT OR KAZUNGULA BORDER ON THE SOUTHBOUND TRIP AND MAUN AIRPORT ON THE NORTHBOUND TRIP. GUESTS NEED TO BE AT THE MEETING POINTS BY 12H30 on day 1, unlEss comIng off IntErnatIonal flIghts whIch gEnErally land at about 13h00. Day 01 CHOBE RIVER ChobE rIvEr In thE northEast sErvEs as thE prImary watEr sourcE for thE IanImals and draws many watEr- lovIng bIrd spEcIEs...hIppos, crocodIlE Impala, sablE, lEchwE, gIraffE, zEbra, baboons, bushbuck, monkEys and puku antElopE. ThIs ExclusIvE boat cruIsE takEs placE In thE Early aftEroon. ChobE NatIonal Park Is thE sEcond largEst NatIonal Park In Botswana.WIth swEEpIng vIEws ovEr thE ChobE RIvEr, JackalbErry ChobE's stunnIng publIc arEas arE thE pErfEct sEttIng to rElax and unwInd .TakE to thE watErs of thE ChobE RIvEr on a 3-hour sunsEt cruIsE In pontoon boats.
  • Onchocerciasis Prevalence and Transmission Potential of Simulium Spp

    Onchocerciasis Prevalence and Transmission Potential of Simulium Spp

    Diseas al es ic & OPEN ACCESS Freely available online p P ro u T b l f i c o H l a e n a r Journal of Tropical Diseases and Public l t u h o J ISSN: 2329-891X Health Research Article Onchocerciasis Prevalence and Transmission Potential of Simulium spp. in Three Areas of the Northern Regions of Cameroonl Sanda Amadou1, Djafsia Boursou2, Pierre Saotoing3, Dieudonné Ndjonka1* 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon; 2Department of Fundamental Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Garoua, Cameroon; 3Department of Life and Earth Sciences of Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, Cameroon ABSTRACT Background: Onchocerciasis is an infection caused by Onchocerca volvulus: A filarial nematode transmitted by Simulium spp. More than 99% of infected people live in 30 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, 37 million people are carriers of Onchocerca volvulus in Central and East Africa, and 800,000 blinds people are recorded. Villages in northern Cameroon had more than 80% microfilaria index in 1991 with bilateral blindness rates 1.7% to 4.0%. Methods: Three villages have been selected to study: Lagaye in the district of Touboro, Mandjiri in the department of Vina (Adamawa), and Mayo-Salah in Mayo Rey Department. Concerning the parasitological research, the persons to be examined have been gathered by sex (female and male) and age group. Three age groups were concerned: 5 to 9 years, 10 to 15 years, and beyond 16 years. Using a vaccine style and a razor blade, a 2 mm fragment of skin was removed from the scapula, iliac crest, and calf.
  • Aerial Surveys of Wildlife and Human Activity Across the Bouba N'djida

    Aerial Surveys of Wildlife and Human Activity Across the Bouba N'djida

    Aerial Surveys of Wildlife and Human Activity Across the Bouba N’djida - Sena Oura - Benoue - Faro Landscape Northern Cameroon and Southwestern Chad April - May 2015 Paul Elkan, Roger Fotso, Chris Hamley, Soqui Mendiguetti, Paul Bour, Vailia Nguertou Alexandre, Iyah Ndjidda Emmanuel, Mbamba Jean Paul, Emmanuel Vounserbo, Etienne Bemadjim, Hensel Fopa Kueteyem and Kenmoe Georges Aime Wildlife Conservation Society Ministry of Forests and Wildlife (MINFOF) L'Ecole de Faune de Garoua Funded by the Great Elephant Census Paul G. Allen Foundation and WCS SUMMARY The Bouba N’djida - Sena Oura - Benoue - Faro Landscape is located in north Cameroon and extends into southwest Chad. It consists of Bouba N’djida, Sena Oura, Benoue and Faro National Parks, in addition to 25 safari hunting zones. Along with Zakouma NP in Chad and Waza NP in the Far North of Cameroon, the landscape represents one of the most important areas for savanna elephant conservation remaining in Central Africa. Aerial wildlife surveys in the landscape were first undertaken in 1977 by Van Lavieren and Esser (1979) focusing only on Bouba N’djida NP. They documented a population of 232 elephants in the park. After a long period with no systematic aerial surveys across the area, Omondi et al (2008) produced a minimum count of 525 elephants for the entire landscape. This included 450 that were counted in Bouba N’djida NP and its adjacent safari hunting zones. The survey also documented a high richness and abundance of other large mammals in the Bouba N’djida NP area, and to the southeast of Faro NP. In the period since 2010, a number of large-scale elephant poaching incidents have taken place in Bouba N’djida NP.
  • The Response of Lions (Panthera Leo) to Changes in Prey Abundance on an Enclosed Reserve in South Africa

    The Response of Lions (Panthera Leo) to Changes in Prey Abundance on an Enclosed Reserve in South Africa

    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257802942 The response of lions (Panthera leo) to changes in prey abundance on an enclosed reserve in South Africa Article in Acta theriologica · July 2012 DOI: 10.1007/s13364-011-0071-8 CITATIONS READS 9 334 3 authors: Charlene Bissett R. T.F. Bernard South African National Parks University of Mpumalanga 20 PUBLICATIONS 675 CITATIONS 70 PUBLICATIONS 1,364 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Daniel M Parker Rhodes University 107 PUBLICATIONS 709 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: The Red List of Mammals of South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho - CARNIVORES View project African wild dogs in Kruger National Park View project All content following this page was uploaded by Daniel M Parker on 25 March 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. The response of lions (Panthera leo) to changes in prey abundance on an enclosed reserve in South Africa Charlene Bissett, Ric T. F. Bernard & Daniel M. Parker Acta Theriologica ISSN 0001-7051 Volume 57 Number 3 Acta Theriol (2012) 57:225-231 DOI 10.1007/s13364-011-0071-8 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bia#owie#a, Poland. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your work, please use the accepted author’s version for posting to your own website or your institution’s repository.
  • Trans-Boundary Forest Resources in West and Central Africa ______

    Trans-Boundary Forest Resources in West and Central Africa ______

    Trans-boundary forest resources in West and Central Africa __________________________________________________________________________________ _ AFF / hamane Ma wanou r La Nigeria© of part southern the Sahelian in the in orest f rest o lands©AFF f k r y r a D P 2008 Secondary Trans-boundary forest resources in West and Central Africa Report (2018) i Trans-boundary forest resources in West and Central Africa __________________________________________________________________________________ _ TRANS-BOUNDARY FOREST RESOURCES IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA Report (2018) Martin Nganje, PhD © African Forest Forum 2018. All rights reserved. African Forest Forum United Nations Avenue, Gigiri P.O. Box 30677-00100 Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254 20 722 4203 Fax: +254 20 722 4001 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.afforum.org ii Trans-boundary forest resources in West and Central Africa __________________________________________________________________________________ _ TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. v LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................. vi ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... ix 1. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................
  • Directory of Agricultural R&D Agencies in 31 African Countries

    Directory of Agricultural R&D Agencies in 31 African Countries

    sustainable solutions for ending hunger and poverty Supported by the CGIAR ASTI Directory of Agricultural R&D Agencies in 31 African Countries April 2011 ABOUT ASTI The Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) initiative compiles, processes, and disseminates data on institutional developments and investments in worldwide agricultural R&D, and analyzes and reports on these trends. Tracking these developments in ways that facilitate meaningful comparisons among different countries, types of agencies, and points in time is critical for keeping policymakers abreast of science policy issues pertaining to agriculture. The main objective of the ASTI initiative is to assist policymakers and donors in making better informed decisions about the funding and operation of public and private agricultural science and technology agencies by making available internationally comparable information on agricultural research investments and institutional changes. Better-informed decisions will improve the efficiency and impact of agricultural R&D systems and ultimately enhance productivity growth of the agriculture sector. The ASTI initiative is managed by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and involves collaborative alliances with many national and regional R&D agencies, as well as international institutions. The initiative, which is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation with additional support from IFPRI, is widely recognized as the most authoritative source of information on the support for and structure of agricultural R&D worldwide. ASTI data and associated reports are made freely available for research policy formulation and priority-setting purposes (http://www.asti.cgiar.org). ABOUT IFPRI The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI®) was established in 1975 to identify and analyze alternative national and international strategies and policies for meeting food needs of the developing world on a sustainable basis, with particular emphasis on low-income countries and on the poorer groups in those countries.
  • WAR and PROTECTED AREAS AREAS and PROTECTED WAR Vol 14 No 1 Vol 14 Protected Areas Programme Areas Protected

    WAR and PROTECTED AREAS AREAS and PROTECTED WAR Vol 14 No 1 Vol 14 Protected Areas Programme Areas Protected

    Protected Areas Programme Protected Areas Programme Vol 14 No 1 WAR AND PROTECTED AREAS 2004 Vol 14 No 1 WAR AND PROTECTED AREAS 2004 Parks Protected Areas Programme © 2004 IUCN, Gland, Switzerland Vol 14 No 1 WAR AND PROTECTED AREAS 2004 ISSN: 0960-233X Vol 14 No 1 WAR AND PROTECTED AREAS CONTENTS Editorial JEFFREY A. MCNEELY 1 Parks in the crossfire: strategies for effective conservation in areas of armed conflict JUDY OGLETHORPE, JAMES SHAMBAUGH AND REBECCA KORMOS 2 Supporting protected areas in a time of political turmoil: the case of World Heritage 2004 Sites in the Democratic Republic of Congo GUY DEBONNET AND KES HILLMAN-SMITH 9 Status of the Comoé National Park, Côte d’Ivoire and the effects of war FRAUKE FISCHER 17 Recovering from conflict: the case of Dinder and other national parks in Sudan WOUTER VAN HOVEN AND MUTASIM BASHIR NIMIR 26 Threats to Nepal’s protected areas PRALAD YONZON 35 Tayrona National Park, Colombia: international support for conflict resolution through tourism JENS BRÜGGEMANN AND EDGAR EMILIO RODRÍGUEZ 40 Establishing a transboundary peace park in the demilitarized zone on the Kuwaiti/Iraqi borders FOZIA ALSDIRAWI AND MUNA FARAJ 48 Résumés/Resumenes 56 Subscription/advertising details inside back cover Protected Areas Programme Vol 14 No 1 WAR AND PROTECTED AREAS 2004 ■ Each issue of Parks addresses a particular theme, in 2004 these are: Vol 14 No 1: War and protected areas Vol 14 No 2: Durban World Parks Congress Vol 14 No 3: Global change and protected areas ■ Parks is the leading global forum for information on issues relating to protected area establishment and management ■ Parks puts protected areas at the forefront of contemporary environmental issues, such as biodiversity conservation and ecologically The international journal for protected area managers sustainable development ISSN: 0960-233X Published three times a year by the World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) of IUCN – Subscribing to Parks The World Conservation Union.
  • Luxury Botswana Safari Tours and Botswana Safaris

    Luxury Botswana Safari Tours and Botswana Safaris

    BOTSWANA Luxury Botswana Safari Tours Botswana Safaris Over the past 15 years, Botswana has emerged as one of the most exclusive and authentic safari destinations in southern Africa. Bolstered by a stable government committed to conservation of its precious wildlife areas, Botswana boasts a wide array of well regulated and preserved ecosystems making it the ideal country to plan your Luxury African safari tours. Two thirds of the land consists of arid Kalahari desert unsuitable for agriculture making for a unique African wildlife safari experience. Out of this desert landscape arises an incredible example of nature’s unpredictability: the Okavango Delta. Okavango Delta is a must for Luxury Botswana Safari Tours, fans out across Botswana’s north- western corner and creates a paradise of islands and lagoons teeming with birds and wildlife making it the ideal destination for a Botswana safari tour. In the northeast, the famous Chobe National Park supports great concentrations of Elephant and Buffalo making the ideal place for boating and land-based safaris. In the southeast the Tuli Block, supports some of Botswana’s only commercial farming along with magnificent game reserves and offers unique horseback riding safaris as well as cycling safaris. Linyanti Game Reserve lies to the northeast of the Okavango Delta famed for its huge herds of elephant. The bulk of the concession is comprised of different Mopane woodland associations, with a strip of riparian forest and floodplain. Looking for a unique and completely different Botswana safari experience? Visit Makgadikgadi Salt Pans to enjoy nature drives on the pans, quad biking adventures, visits to the regions gigantic Baobab trees, and up close encounters with real colonies of wild meerkats.
  • Figure 1. Southern Sudan's Protected Areas

    Figure 1. Southern Sudan's Protected Areas

    United Nations Development Programme Country: Sudan PROJECT DOCUMENT Launching Protected Area Network Management and Building Capacity in Post-conflict Project Title: Southern Sudan By end of 2012, poverty especially among vulnerable groups is reduced and equitable UNDAF economic growth is increased through improvements in livelihoods, food security, decent Outcome(s): employment opportunities, sustainable natural resource management and self reliance; UNDP Strategic Plan Environment and Sustainable Development Primary Outcome: Catalyzing access to environmental finance UNDP Strategic Plan Secondary Outcome: Mainstreaming environment and energy Expected CP Outcome(s): Strengthened capacity of national, sub-national, state and local institutions and communities to manage the environment and natural disasters to reduce conflict over natural resources Expected CPAP Output(s) 1. National and sub-national, state and local institutions and communities capacities for effective environmental governance, natural resources management, conflict and disaster risk reduction enhanced. 2. Comprehensive strategic frameworks developed at national and sub-national levels regarding environment and natural resource management Executing Entity/Implementing Partner: NGO Execution Modality – WCS in cooperation with the Ministry of Wildlife Conservation and Tourism of the Government of Southern Sudan (MWCT-GoSS) Implementing Entity/Responsible Partners: United Nations Development Programme Brief Description The current situation Despite the 1983 to 2005 civil war, many areas of Southern Sudan still contain areas of globally significant habitats and wildlife populations. For example, Southern Sudan contains one of the largest untouched savannah and woodland ecosystems remaining in Africa as well as the Sudd, the largest wetland in Africa, of inestimable value to the flow of the River Nile, the protection of endemic species and support of local livelihoods.
  • Gouvernance Urbaine Et Urbanisation De Garoua Simon Pierre Petnga Nyamen1, Michel Tchotsoua2

    Gouvernance Urbaine Et Urbanisation De Garoua Simon Pierre Petnga Nyamen1, Michel Tchotsoua2

    Syllabus Review 6 (1), 2015 : 155 - 174 N SYLLABUS REVIEW E S Human & Social Science Series Gouvernance urbaine et urbanisation de Garoua Simon Pierre Petnga Nyamen1, Michel Tchotsoua2 1Doctorant en Géographie, Université de Ngaoundéré, BP : 454, [email protected], 2Professeur titulaire des universités, Université de Ngaoundéré, BP : 454, [email protected] Résumé Du petit village créé vers la fin du XVIIIème siècle à l’actuelle Communauté Urbaine, Garoua a connu plusieurs transformations du fait des acteurs de sa croissance. La forme actuelle de la municipalité est la sixième d’une série commencée en 1951 et s’explique a priori par la volonté de l’État du Cameroun d’impulser une dynamique nouvelle à son processus de décentralisation. Cet article analyse l’urbanisation de Garoua en mettant un accent particulier sur le mode de gestion de la ville. L’approche méthodologique est basée sur les analyses des cartes et images satellites, les observations directes de terrain et le traitement des données collectées par entretiens semi-structurés avec les autorités de Garoua, les représentants des organismes impliqués dans le développement urbain et certains habitants de la ville. Les principaux résultats de cette étude relèvent que, les différentes transformations administratives du territoire ont favorisé la multiplication et la diversification des acteurs impliqués dans la gestion urbaine. Ces acteurs ont, dans la plupart des cas, des objectifs différents ou des compétences qui se chevauchent, ce qui fait qu’il subsiste une confusion dans le rôle de chacun d’entre eux et constitue un obstacle à la réalisation de certains projets de développement dans la ville de Garoua.
  • Evaluation of Medicinal Herbal Trade (Paraga) in Lagos State of Nigeria

    Evaluation of Medicinal Herbal Trade (Paraga) in Lagos State of Nigeria

    Ethnobotanical Leaflets 12: 677-681. 2008. Evaluation of Medicinal Herbal Trade (Paraga) in Lagos State of Nigeria Akeem Babalola Kadiri Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Lagos, Akoka Yaba Lagos. Nigeria [email protected] Issued 12 September 2008 INTRODUCTION Traditional medicine can be described as the total combination of knowledge and practice, whether explicable or not, used in diagnosing, preventing or eliminating a physical, mental or social disease and which may rely exclusively on past experience and observation handed down from generation to generation, verbally or in writing (Sofowora, 1982). A medicinal plant is any plant which in one or more of its organs contains substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes or which are precursors for the synthesis of useful drugs. The use of medicinal plants as remedies is common and widespread in Nigeria. Currently, the society at large appreciates natural cure, which medicinal plants provide compared to synthetic cure. The plants parts used in remedies include the bark, leaves, roots, flowers, fruits and seeds. (Sofowora, 1982). The discoveries of the use of plant for food and as medicine began at a very early stage in human evolution. The history of the use of plants dates back to the time of the early man. The art of using plants to enhance his health must have come to the early man in the most unscientific way. Some of us may want to believe that he used his instinct to identify poisonous and non-poisonous plants while some of us accept that there were external forces or invisible help us who guided him to know what he could eat freely to keep fit.