Energy Saver: Tips on Saving Money and Energy in Your Home

Tips on Saving Money and Energy in Your Home

Contents

1 Save Energy and Money Today

2 Audit Your Home’s Energy Use Professional Energy Audits, DIY Energy Audits, Your Whole-House Plan

6 Weatherize Your Home Air Sealing, Insulation, Energy Efficient New Construction and Additions

11 Heat and Cool Your Home Efficiently Smart and Programmable Thermostats, Air Ducts, Buying Heating and Cooling Systems, Home Heating, Heat Pumps, Home Cooling, Water Heating

20 Design Your Home for Efficiency Landscaping, Windows, Passive Solar Home Design, Cool Roofs

25 Save Electricity and Use Renewable Energy The Smart Home and Your Utility, Appliances, Home Office and Electronics, Lighting, Renewable Electricity

39 Renters and Rental Property Owners Renters, Rental Property Owners

40 Vehicles and Fuels Saving Money on Fuel, Buying and Driving Fuel-Efficient and Alternative Fuel Vehicles

43 Financing, Incentives, and Assistance Financing, Incentives, Weatherization and Home Energy Assistance

45 References and Resources

Save Energy and Money Today You have the power to save money well as information on larger projects and energy in your own home. Saving that will help save you money over 1 energy reduces our nation’s demand the long term. for the resources needed to make energy, and improving your energy Find even more information about efficiency is like adding another clean saving money and energy at home by energy source to our electric power visiting our website, EnergySaver.gov. grid. The result is reduced utility bills To learn more about U.S. Department and money in your pocket. Improving of Energy (DOE) programs in energy your energy efficiency can also im- efficiency and renewable energy, visit prove the comfort of your home and DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and your quality of life. Renewable Energy website at energy. This guide shows you how easy it is gov/eere. to reduce your energy use at home and on the road. You’ll find quick tips you can use to start saving today, as

The suggestions in this guide and on the EnergySaver.gov website can help you save energy, save money, and improve the comfort of your home. Audit Your Home’s Energy Use The first step to improving the comfort It also provides recommendations on and efficiency of your home is obtain- how to cost-effectively improve your ing a home energy audit, also referred home’s energy efficiency. Some of to as an energy assessment. A certi- the information on the Home Energy 2 fied auditor evaluates your home and Score Report can be included in real identifies and prioritizes the recom- estate listings and potentially influ- mended energy-saving improvements. ence home appraisals and financing. You can also conduct a basic do-it- Visit homeenergyscore.gov to find a yourself (DIY) energy audit. partner that offers the score.

A more detailed home energy audit Professional Energy Audits will include diagnostic tests (such as A professional home energy audit a house air leakage test, duct air leak- determines how much energy your age test, or infrared scan) to identify home uses and evaluates steps you additional areas for improvement. can take to make your home more energy efficient. Some audits take Work with a certified energy pro- about an hour, do not require spe- fessional trained in the use of cialized equipment, and are relatively diagnostic equipment that can find inexpensive. More thorough audits air leaks, areas lacking insulation, require about four hours to complete, and inefficient or malfunctioning require specialized equipment, and equipment. The energy professional are more expensive, but they provide more detailed information on your home’s energy use.

Some home energy professionals provide a simple assessment called the Home Energy Score. Like a miles- per-gallon rating for a car, the Home Energy Score is an easy-to-produce rating designed to help homeowners and homebuyers gain useful information about a home’s energy performance. The Home Energy Score helps homeowners, buyers, and rent- A professional home energy audit ers to compare U.S. homes in terms evaluates your home’s energy use and provides steps to make your home of estimated energy performance. more efficient. analyzes how well your home’s energy 2. Complete recommended systems work together and compares improvements: Qualified con- the analysis to your utility bills. A tractors install the home energy detailed energy audit will help you professional’s recommendations. use a whole-house systems ap- Some home energy professionals proach when making improvements can provide recommendations for or remodeling. Learn more about this contractors to complete the work. approach in the Design for Efficiency section of this guide. 3. Evaluate results: During this final phase, also known as the “test out,” safety tests and visual 3 inspections are used to evaluate the contractor’s work. Not all home energy professionals offer this service; ask yours whether it is part of the energy audit or if you can request this follow-up evaluation.

Find a home energy professional to help you obtain a more detailed energy audit by visiting Home Performance with ENERGY STAR® A home energy professional may conduct a thermographic inspection to find air at energystar.gov/hpwes. You’ll be leaks in the home. able to find local programs that work with qualified, vetted contractors An in-depth energy audit includes trained to diagnose and improve three steps: your home according to the latest building technologies and standards. 1. Interview, tests, and inspection: Home Performance with ENERGY In this phase, also known as the STAR programs are required to have “test in,” a home energy profes- the quality of the contractors’ work sional interviews you about your checked by third parties to make concerns (comfort, high energy sure homeowners receive services bills, etc.), conducts safety and that comply with industry standards air leak tests, visually inspects and program requirements. Programs equipment and insulation, and may be able to help you find rebates, checks for signs of mold and a low-interest loan, or other financial moisture. The home energy incentives. professional then provides recommendations for steps that You can also obtain detailed audits will reduce your energy bills and and contracting services from home improve your home’s comfort. energy professionals certified by the Residential Services Network • Are you using window coverings (resnet.us) or the Building Perfor- for maximum heating, cooling, and mance Institute (bpihomeowner.org). lighting benefit? See the Windows Some utilities may operate programs section for more information. that offer assessments and may provide access to contractors who • Could you take advantage of work with the utility. time-of-day electricity rates and complete activities that use large amounts of energy—such as DIY Energy Audits laundry and dishwashing—at night? 4 You can use the Home Energy Saver See the section on Saving Electric- tool to conduct a do-it-yourself ity and Use Renewable Energy for audit. Home Energy Saver can also more on these utility offerings. help you plan next steps following your DIY energy audit (hes.lbl.gov/ • How can you adjust your heating consumer). and cooling to save energy? See the Heat and Cool Your Home Efficiently section for more Your Whole-House Plan information. After you know where your home is losing energy, use your findings to Plan your projects. Make a timeline make a plan. Create a whole-house, of projects to do now, in the near systems-based plan that considers future, and over the long term. Start how any one change will affect the by sealing air leaks and move on to energy efficiency, comfort, durability, other weatherization projects; see health, and safety of the whole the Weatherization section for house. Remember that changes in information. Also ask yourself the your energy usage habits are import- following questions: ant, but a plan that considers how all • Where are the greatest energy features of your house work together losses in your home? can achieve the greatest savings. • What projects would provide Plan your habit changes. Consider the greatest return on time and the questions below and review the money investment? other sections of this guide for additional ideas. • How long will it take for an investment in energy efficiency to pay for • Do you forget to turn off lights and itself in energy cost savings? The electronics? Which items could be Home Energy Saver tool provides unplugged when not in use? See estimates for return on investment, the Home Office and Electronics yearly savings, and payback times section for more information. (hes.lbl.gov/consumer). • How long do you plan to own Spring your current home? ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– • What would help make your home most comfortable now? ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– What projects should you plan ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– for the future? ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– • What can you do yourself? What should you hire out? ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– What is your budget? 5 Summer Purchase materials and complete projects. –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

• Search for federal, state, local, and ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– utility incentives such as tax credits ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– and rebates on the Database of State Incentives for Renewables ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– and Efficiency dsireusa.org( ). See the section on Financing, Incen- ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tives, and Assistance for more Fall information. ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– • Visit EnergySaver.gov for guides and videos that show you how to ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– complete DIY projects, including caulking, weatherstripping, installing ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– storm windows, and improving your water heater efficiency. See the –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Weatherization section for more ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– steps to get started. Winter

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––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Weatherize Your Home Weatherizing your home helps you other places where air may leak. If save money by saving energy, and the smoke stream travels horizontally, it can also improve the comfort of you have located an air leak. your home. Home weatherization includes sealing air leaks and After you identify all air leaks, do the adding insulation. following: • Weatherstrip doors and windows. Air Sealing 6 • Caulk and seal air leaks where Air leaks are among the greatest plumbing, ducting, or electrical sources of energy loss in a home. wiring comes through walls, floors, One of the quickest energy- and ceilings, and soffits over cabinets. money-saving tasks you can do is caulk, seal, and weatherstrip all • Install foam gaskets behind outlet seams, cracks, and openings to the and switch plates on walls. outside. By sealing uncontrolled air leaks, you can save 10%–20% on • Use foam sealant on larger gaps your heating and cooling bills. Follow- around window trims, baseboards, ing your energy audit, you may have a and other places where air may number of recommended energy- leak out. saving projects you are considering. • Check for open fireplace dampers Prioritize weatherization projects to and make sure they properly close. quickly improve the efficiency and comfort of your home. • Consider an inflatable chimney balloon to seal your fireplace flue To identify air leaks, check around when not in use. Fireplace flues your walls, ceilings, windows, doors, are made from metal, and repeated lighting and plumbing fixtures, heating and cooling can cause switches, and electrical outlets. Look the metal to warp or break over for gaps, improperly applied caulk time, creating a channel for air and weatherstripping, and doors and loss. Inflatable chimney balloons windows that don’t close tightly. are made from durable plastic and On a windy day, carefully hold a lit can be removed easily and reused incense stick or a smoke pen next to hundreds of times. If you forget to your windows, doors, electrical boxes, remove the balloon before making plumbing fixtures, electrical outlets, a fire, the balloon will automatically ceiling fixtures, attic hatches, and deflate within seconds of coming into contact with heat. Where to Air Seal in a Home

1 Plumbing and utility access 2 All ducts 8 3 Sill plates 7 4 Outlets and 11 switches 5 Water and 4 furnace flues 6 9 1 10 6 Recessed lights 7 Attic entrance 3 8 Chimney flashing 7 5 2 9 Dropped ceilings 10 Door frames 11 Window frames

• Seal air leaks around fireplace to maintain a comfortable tempera- chimneys, furnaces, and gas-fired ture in your home. water heater vents with fire-resistant materials such as sheet metal Adding insulation between the indoors or sheetrock and furnace cement and the outdoors reduces that energy caulk. demand, improves the comfort of your home, and saves you money. • Install an insulated box to seal leaky attic stairs. Visit EnergySaver. R-Value gov for DIY instructions. An insulation’s R-value is a measure of its resistance to heat flow; the Insulation higher the R-value, the greater the insulating effectiveness. R-value is After you complete air sealing, dependent on the type of insulation consider whether you need to add and the thickness. When purchasing insulation. Insulation is essential for insulation, refer to the insulation reducing heat flow through a home’s packaging or the paper backing of building envelope (the parts of the rolled insulation to find the R-value. home that separate the interior from the outside elements, including the How Much Insulation? walls, roof, and foundation). The greater the difference between the Consult the ENERGY STAR recom- indoor and the outdoor tempera- mended insulation levels for retrofit- tures, the more energy it will take ting existing wood-framed buildings U.S. Department of Energy Recommended* Total R-Values for New Wood-Framed Houses

All of Alaska in Zone 7 except for the following Boroughs in Zone 8: Bethel Northwest Arctic Zone 1 includes Dellingham Southeast Fairbanks Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Fairbanks N. Star Wade Hampton Islands Nome Yukon-Koyukuk North Slope

Add Insulation to Attic Existing 3–4 Inches Zone Uninsulated Attic Floor of Insulation 1 R30 to R49 R25 to R30 R13 2 R30 to R60 R25 to R38 R13 to R19 3 R30 to R60 R25 to R38 R19 to R25 4 R38 to R60 R38 R25 to R30 5 R49 to R60 R38 to R49 R25 to R30

Wall Insulation: Whenever exterior siding is removed on an

uninsulated wood-frame wall: • Drill holes in the sheathing and blow insulation into the empty wall cavity before installing the new siding, and • Zones 3–4: Add R5 insulative wall sheathing beneath the new siding • Zones 5–8: Add R5 to R6 insulative wall sheathing beneath the new siding.

insulated wood-frame wall: • For Zones 4 to 8: Add R5 insulative sheathing before installing the new siding.

* These recommendations are cost-effective levels of insulation based on the best available information on local fuel and materials costs and weather conditions. Consequently, the levels may differ from current local building codes. Source: ENERGY STAR to determine how much insulation Loose-fill insulation is usually made you should consider adding to your of fiberglass, rock wool, or cellulose home. For masonry sidewalls (such in the form of loose fibers or fiber as concrete block or poured concrete), pellets. It should be blown into spaces it is sometimes feasible to install using special pneumatic equipment. rigid insulation on the outdoor side. The blown-in material conforms read- However, if that is not an option, you ily to odd-sized building cavities and can use rigid insulation boards or attics with wires, ducts, and pipes, batts to insulate the interior of ma- making it well suited for places where sonry walls. A home energy profes- it is difficult to effectively install other sional can help you evaluate options types of insulation. for your specific home. Rigid foam insulation is typically Consider factors such as your climate, more expensive than rolls and batts 9 home design, and budget when or loose-fill insulation, but it is very selecting insulation for your home. effective in exterior wall sheathing, A home energy professional may be interior sheathing for basement able to help you decide what type of walls, and special applications such insulation is best for you. as attic hatches.

The Home Energy Saver tool can Foam-in-place insulation can be also provide recommendations for blown into walls, on attic surfaces, your home (hes.lbl.gov/consumer). or under floors to insulate and reduce air leakage. You can use small Types of Insulation pressurized cans of foam-in-place Insulation is made from a variety of insulation to reduce air leakage in materials, and it usually comes in holes and cracks, such as window four types: rolls and batts, loose-fill, and door frames and around electrical rigid foam, and foam-in-place. The and plumbing penetrations. There are type of insulation you should choose two types of foam-in-place insulation: depends on how you will use it and closed-cell and open-cell. Both are on your budget. Also visit Energy typically made with polyurethane. Saver.gov for more information about Caution: installing foam insulation types of insulation. requires that you wear personal pro- Rolls and batts—or blankets—are tective equipment, maintain adequate flexible products made from mineral ventilation, and take other safety fibers, such as fiberglass and rock measures. Consider hiring a profes- wool, as well as recycled fibers such sional to install foam insulation. as denim. They are available in Use higher R-value insulation, such widths suited to standard spacing of as spray foam, on exterior walls and wall studs and attic or floor joists. in cathedral ceilings to get more insulation with less thickness. If your attic has enough insulation STAR Certified New Home or a Zero and proper air sealing, and your Energy Ready Home. home still feels drafty and cold in the winter or too warm in the sum- An ENERGY STAR Certified New mer, your heating or air conditioning Home has integrated systems and system may not function properly, features such as high efficiency heat- or you may need to add insulation ing and cooling, complete thermal to the exterior walls. Consult with a enclosure systems, efficient lighting home energy professional to evalu- and appliances, and water protection ate whether your HVAC system has systems. Independent inspectors design or equipment issues, or if you ensure that the home meets the need additional insulation. program requirements. Homes earning the ENERGY STAR label use If you replace the exterior siding on 15%–30% less energy than typical 10 your home, consider adding insula- new homes and even more when tion at the same time. compared to most resale homes on the market today. Learn more at Air Sealing and Insulation energystar.gov/newhomes. Projects A Zero Energy Ready Home is so en- See the References section for links ergy efficient that a small renewable to DIY air sealing and insulation proj- energy system can offset all or most ect steps and instructional videos. of its annual energy consumption. Zero Energy Ready Home require- Energy Efficient New ments include all ENERGY STAR Construction and Additions Certified Home requirements, plus additional requirements that bring In many jurisdictions (but not all), if unparalleled performance. DOE Zero you build a new home or an addition Energy Ready Homes are verified by to your current home, the contractor a qualified third party and are at must meet the requirements of the least 40%–50% more energy efficient local building code related to energy than a typical new home. Learn more efficiency. Building energy codes are at energy.gov/eere/buildings/zero- issued by the International Energy energy-ready-home. Codes Commission (IECC) and up- dated every 3 years. State and local jurisdictions adopt the IECC codes and may choose to amend them.

Ask your local building code office which version of the IECC your contractor is required to follow. If the local code is older than the latest IECC, consider building an ENERGY Heat and Cool Your Home Efficiently Heating and cooling together are the A smart thermostat is a Wi-Fi enabled largest energy users in your home, device that automatically adjusts typically making up about 35%–40% heating and cooling temperature set- of your energy use. tings for optimal performance. Smart thermostats that earn the ENERGY No matter what kind of heating and STAR label have been independently cooling system you have in your certified, based on actual field data, house, you can save money and to deliver energy savings. increase your comfort by properly using, maintaining, and upgrading your equipment. But remember, any upgrades to heating and cooling equipment should consider the effect 11 on all areas of the house (known as a whole-house, systems-based approach) to maximize energy savings and ensure health and safety. Most importantly, work with a contractor to ensure that the upgraded heating Log in remotely to control your thermostat while away from home. and cooling system is both properly sized for your house and installed to deliver its full capacity. Smart thermostats provide conve- nience, insight, and control. While Smart and Programmable system designs vary, the following Thermostats are common smart thermostat features: Being smart about how you control your temperature settings will help • Learning the temperature you like you save money and stay comfortable and establishing a schedule that in your home. You can save as much automatically adjusts to energy- as 10% per year on heating and saving temperatures when you are cooling by turning your thermostat asleep or away down 7°–10°F for 8 hours a day in • Providing data on home energy use the fall and winter; turn it up in the that you can track and manage spring and summer. (If you have a heat pump, don’t do this without a • Allowing you to control home heat- smart or programmable thermostat ing and cooling remotely through designed for use with heat pumps.) your smartphone or tablet. ENERGY STAR certified smart thermostats are also designed to be compatible with incentive programs offered by some utilities. These incentives reward customers in ways that help utilities manage energy availability and reliability.

A programmable thermostat will automatically turn on the heating or air conditioning at times you schedule. Programmable thermostats can store Seal ducts at joints to prevent heated or cooled air from leaking out or multiple daily settings that you can unconditioned air from leaking into manually override without affecting the ducts. the rest of the daily or weekly program. Ducts that leak air into an attic or Smart thermostats are generally crawl space can add hundreds of easier to use and have more report- 12 dollars a year to your heating and ing and interactive features than cooling bills. Insulating and sealing programmable thermostats. Program- ducts in unconditioned spaces is mable thermostats need to be set up usually very cost effective. If the to turn the temperature up or down supply ducts are leaking, heated on a schedule and usually don’t have or cooled air can be forced out of interactive features, but they are unsealed joints and lost. In addition, cheaper than smart thermostats. unconditioned air can be drawn into return ducts through unsealed joints. Air Ducts If you are installing a new duct Air ducts are one of the most im- system, talk to your contractor about portant systems in your home, as options for locating the ducts in they carry the air from your home’s furnace and central air conditioner to each room. If the ducts are poorly sized, poorly sealed, or poorly insulated, they are likely contributing to higher energy bills.

You can often address discomfort from heating and cooling by fixing blocked registers, stuck dampers, or disconnected or damaged ducts, or by replacing register grilles that don’t direct the air adequately. Insulate ducts that are located in unconditioned spaces. conditioned spaces or insulating any New energy efficient heating or ducts that will run outside conditioned cooling equipment alone can reduce spaces. energy use by 20% or more, but combining a new system with rec- Hire a qualified professional to ommended insulation, air sealing, perform changes and repairs to a and thermostat settings can cut your duct system. All duct sealing should heating and cooling bills in half. be tested by a qualified professional to ensure combustion safety and Read ENERGY STAR’s “A Guide to proper air flow. Energy-Efficient Heating and Cooling” to learn how to work with a certified Buying Heating and technician to ensure a quality installa- Cooling Systems tion. (See References for URL.) If you plan to buy a new heating or Home Heating cooling system, ask your contractor about the latest technologies on the Consider replacing your existing market. See our Financing, Incentives, heating system if any of the following 13 and Assistance section for informa- are true: tion on searching for incentives. • Your heating system is more than 15 years old. When buying a new heating or cooling system, look for the ENERGY STAR • The system is broken and repairs and EnergyGuide labels to compare would cost more than half the cost efficiency and ensure quality. of replacing it.

• The heating system is very Your contractor should provide you inefficient. with information on the following: Furnaces are the most common way • Safety and cost effectiveness of to heat a home in the United States. repair versus replacement Central forced-air furnaces distribute heated air through the house via • Heating and cooling system options ducts. Most are fueled by natural gas; • Fuel types and prices in your region others use electricity, oil, or propane.

• Required permits and building code Boilers use natural gas, oil, electricity, compliance or propane to heat water (for steam or hot water) that is distributed via • Calculations for proper sizing for pipes to upright radiators, baseboard your home convectors, or radiant floor tubing. Combination units can provide space • Other home efficiency improve- and water heating. ments that should be made. For both furnaces and boilers, tell see the section on Passive Solar for your contractor you are interested more information. in models with a high annual fuel utilization efficiency, also known as Visit EnergySaver.gov for more de- AFUE, which is a measure of heating tailed information on each technology. equipment efficiency. Heating Tips Electric heating includes central • Clean or replace filters on furnaces forced-air electric furnaces, as well as once a month or as recommended. wall-mounted or baseboard heating. Electric heat can be more expensive • Clean warm-air registers, baseboard than other fuel options. If electricity heaters, and radiators as needed; is the only choice, heat pumps are make sure they’re not blocked by preferable in most climates. furniture, carpeting, or drapes.

Heat pumps are an efficient option • Eliminate trapped air from hot-water for all-electric houses or houses with radiators once or twice a season; 14 central propane or oil. Heat pumps contact a professional if you’re are generally air-source or ground- unsure how to perform this task. source and can be used for both heating and cooling. See the section • Place heat-resistant radiator reflec- on Heat Pumps for more information. tors between exterior walls and the radiators. Wood and pellet-fuel stoves heat homes using biomass or waste • Open draperies and shades on your sources. Look for EPA-certified wood south-facing windows during the stoves and fireplace inserts for day to allow the sunlight to enter cleaner, more efficient burning. Visit your home. Close them at night to epa.gov/burnwise for options. reduce the chill from cold windows.

Active solar heating uses the sun to heat air or liquids. The heat is then ducted or blown into living space or stored for later use. Solar water heaters can preheat water for radiators or radiant floor heat. Both liquid and air systems can supplement forced air systems (i.e., furnaces or heat pumps).

Passive solar home design can also improve the comfort of the home and reduce heating and cooling costs; Clean or replace furnace filters once a month or as needed. Heat Pumps heating and cooling technologies currently available. Heat pumps can be used for both home heating and home cooling. Absorption heat pumps are driven They are the most efficient form of by a heat source such as natural electric heating, providing up to three gas, propane, solar-heated water, or times more heat than the energy they geothermal-heated water. They usually use. Heat pumps can reduce your only make sense in homes without electricity use for heating by approxi- an electricity source. mately 50% compared to electric furnaces or electric baseboard heaters. A dual-source heat pump combines an air-source heat pump with a A heat pump heats your home by geothermal heat pump. These can be collecting heat from the air, water, or less expensive than a single geother- ground outside and concentrating it mal unit and work almost as well. for use inside. It does double duty as a central air conditioner by collecting Heat Pump Tips the heat inside your house and • Do not set back the heat pump’s 15 pumping it outside. thermostat manually if it causes Air-source heat pumps transfer heat backup electric-resistance heating between your house and the outside to come on. This type of heating is air. They are the most common type more expensive. of heat pump and can be used in all • Install or have a professional climates. install a smart or programmable Cold-climate air-source heat pumps thermostat with functions suitable are designed specifically for cold for a heat pump. climates. • Clean or change filters once a Ductless mini-split heat pumps are month or as needed, and maintain air-source heat pumps that can be the system according to manufac- installed in homes or additions with- turer’s instructions. out ducts. They are small in size and offer flexibility for zoning or heating Home Cooling and cooling individual rooms. Although air conditioning is often used Geothermal (or ground source) heat for home cooling, there are many pumps transfer heat between your alternatives that provide cooling with house and the ground or a nearby less energy use. A combination of water source. Because they move proper insulation, energy-efficient win- heat that already exists, geothermal dows and doors, daylighting, shading, heat pumps are among the most fans, and ventilation can often keep energy efficient and comfortable homes cool with a minimum of energy use in all but the hottest climates. Air conditioner options include room through the attic. Use the fan during air conditioners, ductless mini-split cooler times of the day to most effec- or multi-split air conditioners, and tively cool down your house. central air conditioning. Look for ENERGY STAR certified air condition- Evaporative coolers, or “swamp coolers. Purchase an air conditioner that ers,” cool outdoor air with evaporated is sized correctly for your home or water. The cooler air is directed into space that needs to be cooled; an the home and warmer air pushed oversized air conditioner performs out through windows. They work well less efficiently and effectively than in climates where the air is hot and a smaller, properly sized unit. Work humidity is low. with your contractor to determine the correct size for a central air Cooling Tips conditioner. • Set your thermostat as high as is comfortable when you’re home and Fans can help provide home cooling awake in the summer, and raise the and comfort. Ceiling fans cool by temperature when you’re sleeping 16 creating a wind chill effect and can or away from home. allow you to turn up the thermostat about 4°F. In summer, use the ceiling • Clean or replace filters on air fan in a counterclockwise direction to conditioners once a month or as create a wind chill effect; turn off the recommended. fan when you aren’t in the room. In winter, reverse the fan to run clock- • Except for fans that are designed wise and force warm air down from for continuous operation, turn off the ceiling. kitchen, bath, and other exhaust fans within 20 minutes after you Whole-house fans pull cool air through are done cooking or bathing. When the house and exhaust warm air replacing exhaust fans, consider installing high-efficiency, low-noise models.

• Turn off ceiling fans when you leave a room.

• Set the fan switch on your thermostat to “Auto” unless an indoor air quality professional has set up your system to operate continuously for health reasons.

• During summer, keep the window Using a ceiling fan allows you to turn up the thermostat about 4°F without any coverings closed during the day to loss in comfort. block the sun’s heat. Water Heating Water heating is the second largest energy expense in your home. It typically accounts for about 13% of your energy usage.

There are four primary ways to cut your water heating bills: use less hot water; turn Visit EnergySaver.gov for a DIY video and instructions for down the thermostat insulating your hot water tank. on your water heater; insulate your water heater and pipes; • Drain a quart of water from your or buy a new, more efficient model. water tank every 3 months to re- 17 move sediment that impedes heat Reducing Water Heating Costs transfer and lowers the efficiency You can take steps to use less hot of your heater. Follow the manufac- water and improve the efficiency of turer’s directions. your existing water heating system. • Consider installing a drain-water • If your hot water tank is warm to waste heat recovery system. the touch, consider insulating it Drain-water, or greywater, heat to save 7%–16% annually in water recovery systems capture the heating costs. Follow manufacturer energy from waste hot water— recommendations. such as showers and dishwashers—to preheat cold water entering • Consider insulating your hot water the water heater or going to other pipes. Doing so can reduce heat water fixtures. Energy savings vary loss, allow you lower the tempera- depending on individual household ture setting, and save an additional usage. 3%–4% per year on water heating. • Consider installing a residential • Set your water heater temperature circulation pump to save water. to 120ºF, a temperature considered safe for most of the population. • Install aerating, low-flow faucets and showerheads. • Install heat traps on the hot and cold pipes at the water heater to • If you find yourself waiting for the prevent heat loss. Most new water water in your shower to get hot, heaters have built-in heat traps. consider installing a showerhead new, less efficient model, the energy savings will continue during the lifetime of the appliance.

Most water heaters last 10–15 years, but start researching now if yours is more than 7 years old.

Look for the ENERGY Fix leaky faucets. One drip per second wastes 1,661 STAR and Energy- gallons of water and can cost you up to $35 per year. Guide labels. You can find the ENERGY that has a temperature-sensitive STAR label on the following types 18 switch that turns off the water of water heaters: heat pump, high- when hot. When you step into the efficiency gas storage, gas tankless, shower, you flick a switch on the and solar. (Electric storage tank and showerhead that restarts the hot electric tankless water heaters are water flow. not ENERGY STAR eligible because they are already highly efficient and • Repair leaky faucets promptly. A have little room for improvement.) leaky faucet wastes gallons of water in a short period of time. Conventional storage water heaters remain the most popular type of water If you are in the market for a new heating system for the home. Fuel dishwasher or clothes washer, sources include natural gas, propane, consider buying an ENERGY STAR fuel oil, and electricity. model to reduce hot water use. See the Appliances section for more On-demand or tankless water heaters information or visit energystar.gov. (gas) heat water directly without using a storage tank. Researchers Water Heating DIY Projects have found energy savings can be See the References section for links up to 30% compared with a standard to DIY water heating project steps natural gas storage tank water heater. and instructional videos. However, if you tend to use hot water in multiple locations in your home at Buying Water Heaters the same time, you may find you need two or more tankless water heaters While a new energy efficient water to keep up with demand. These heater may cost more initially than systems require unique installation repairing an old model or buying a specifications; consult with a certified Solar water heaters are a good op- technician before purchasing. tion if you heat water with electricity, have high electric rates, and have Heat pump water heaters can cut an unshaded, south-facing location water heating costs by an average (such as a roof). In addition to the of 50% over standard electric water ENERGY STAR label, look for systems heaters in areas where temperatures certified by the Solar Rating and remain in the 40º–90ºF range year- Certification Corporation or the Florida round. If located in your basement, Solar Energy Center. they can also provide dehumidifica- tion in the summer. However, this Solar water heaters are eligible for a technology can pose some installa- 30% federal tax credit through 2019. tion challenges, so consult with an The tax credit decreases to 26% in installer before purchasing. For more 2020, 22% in 2021, and expires information see EnergySaver.gov. December 31, 2021.

If you’re in a climate where temperatures are 40°–90°F all year, consider a heat pump water heater to cut water heating costs by 50%. Design Your Home for Efficiency When you design a new home or a Also consider ways to save water renovation, consider how any one when planning and maintaining your change will affect the energy efficien- landscape. cy, comfort, durability, health, and safety of the whole home (known as Shade a whole-home systems approach). Shading can reduce heat gain from the sun and cut air conditioning Energy efficient design approaches costs. Deciduous trees with high, and features such as landscaping, spreading crowns planted on the windows, passive solar design, and south side of your home will shade cool roofs can save you energy your roof in the summer and allow and money while appealing to your warmth from the sun to reach your design aesthetic. home in the winter. The ENERGY STAR Certified New Trees, shrubs, and groundcover Homes or the Zero Energy Ready 20 plants can shade the ground and Home programs are good sources pavement around the home, cooling of information if you are designing the air before it reaches your home’s a new home. If you are remodeling, walls and windows. Shrubs and consider the suggestions in the trellised vines can also shade walls “No Regrets Remodeling” guide. and windows. See the References section for links to these resources. Windbreaks Landscaping Windbreaks reduce heating costs by lowering the wind chill near your Well-designed landscaping can home. Plant your windbreak at a deliver effective shade, act as a distance from your home of two to windbreak, and reduce your heating five times the mature height of the and cooling bills. trees. Choose trees and shrubs that have low crowns to block wind close The right landscaping plan depends to the ground. Dense evergreen trees on your climate and your home’s and shrubs planted to the north and microclimate—the area immediately northwest of the home are the most surrounding your home. For low-main- common type of windbreak. Avoid tenance, healthy, energy-saving planting evergreens too close to your landscaping, use plant species that home’s south side if you want to are adapted to the local climate. collect heat from the winter sun. Water Conservation Buying Energy Efficient Windows When choosing plants, determine Look for the ENERGY STAR label how much water they actually need. when buying new windows. Also Considering water needs will help you review ratings from the National choose plants that need less water Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC). and help you avoid overwatering. NFRC ratings are included on all Plants that are native to the area will ENERGY STAR certified windows and usually need less water. Water plants provide a reliable way to determine in the early morning when evaporation a window’s energy properties and rates are low. compare products.

Replacing single-pane windows with double-pane windows that have high-performance glass may be cost effective, but you could also consider installing exterior storm windows. You can obtain energy efficiency ratings for storm windows and other window attachments from the Attach- ments Energy Rating Council (AERC, 21 Landscape with plants that are native to aercnet.org). In colder climates, your area to save water. consider selecting gas-filled windows with low-e coatings to reduce heat Consider xeriscaping, which is a loss. In warmer climates, select systematic method of planning your windows with coatings to reduce landscaping to conserve water. Visit heat gain. EnergySaver.gov for more information about xeriscaping. Choose a low U-factor for better thermal resistance in colder climates; the U-factor is the rate at which a Windows window conducts non-solar heat flow. Windows can be one of your home’s most attractive features. Windows Look for a low solar heat gain coef- provide views, daylighting, ventilation, ficient (SHGC). SHGC is a measure and heat from the sun in the winter. of solar radiation admitted through a window. Low SHGCs reduce heat gain Unfortunately, heat moving in and out in warm climates. of your home through windows can increase your heating and air condi- Select windows with both low U- tioning bills. Energy efficient windows factors and low SHGCs to maximize and measures to reduce heat gain energy savings in temperate climates and loss can help save energy and with both cold and hot seasons. reduce energy bills. Certiﬁed in Highlighted Regions Consider insulated cellular shades, which are “honeycombed” and can be raised or lowered. Obtain energy efficiency ratings for window attachments from the AERC (aercnet.org).

• Close your curtains and shades at Certiﬁed night to protect against cold drafts; World’s Best open them during the day to let in Window Co. warming sunlight. Series “2000” Casement Vinyl Clad Wood Frame • Apply low-e film on the inside of Double Glazing•Argon Fill•Low E XYZ-X-1-00001-00001 your windows to keep heat from ENERGY PERFORMANCE RATINGS radiating out. Films are rated by U-Factor (U.S. / I-P) Solar Heat Gain Coefficient the NFRC and will be rated by 0.35 0.32 the AERC. ADDITIONALPERFORMANCE RATINGS Visible Transmittance Air Leakage (U.S. / I-P) • Alternatively, install low-e exterior 0.51 ≤0.3 or interior storm windows, which Condensation Resistance can save you 12%–33% on heating 22 and cooling costs, depending on 51 – the type of window already in- Manufacturer stipulates that these ratings conform to applicable NFRC procedures for determining whole product performance. NFRC ratings are determined for a fixed set of environmental conditions and a specific product size. NFRC does not recommend any product and does not warrant the suitability of any product for stalled in the home. They should any specific use. Consult manufacturer’s literature for other product performance information. www.nfrc.org have weatherstripping at all Look for the ENERGY STAR label, the movable joints; be made of strong, NFRC label, and energy performance durable materials; and have inter- ratings when purchasing windows. locking or overlapping joints.

Look for whole-unit U-factors and • Repair and weatherize your current SHGCs, rather than center-of-glass storm windows, if necessary. U-factors and SHGCs. Whole-unit numbers more accurately reflect the Warm Weather Window Tips energy performance of the entire • Install white window shades, product. drapes, or blinds to reflect heat away from the house. It is always Have your windows installed by best to install exterior shades trained professionals according to whenever possible. manufacturer’s instructions; otherwise, your warranty may be void. • Close curtains on south- and west-facing windows during the day. Cold Weather Window Tips • Install tight-fitting, insulating • Install awnings on south- and window shades on windows that west-facing windows to create feel drafty after weatherizing. shade. • Apply sun-control or other reflective films on south-facing windows to reduce solar heat gain.

DIY Window Projects See the References section for links to DIY projects to improve the efficiency of your windows.

A passive solar home collects heat as the sun shines Passive Solar through south-facing windows, retains it in thermal Home Design mass, and distributes it through the home.

Passive solar home A passive solar house or space design can reduce your heating costs requires careful design and siting, to less than half the cost of heating which vary by local climate condi- a typical home. The following basic tions. If you are considering passive 23 elements are needed for passive solar design for a new home or a solar design: major remodel, consult an architect • Properly oriented, south-facing familiar with passive solar techniques. windows Passive Solar Tips • A concrete slab floor or a heat- • Keep all glass clean. absorbing wall to store heat (known as a thermal mass) • Make sure that objects do not block sunlight on concrete slab • Distribution systems to move heat floors or heat-absorbing walls. through the home

• Vents, ceiling fans, and awnings for Cool Roofs heat control. Window fans may also A cool roof reflects sunlight and be part of the design. efficiently emits heat. Standard roofs can reach temperatures of 150°F or Well-designed passive solar spaces more in the summer sun. By installing also provide daylight all year and a cool roof, you can lower the tem- comfort during the cooling season perature of your roof by up to 50°F through carefully designed overhangs and save energy and money by using and reflective coatings on windows, less air conditioning. exterior walls, and roofs. Cool roofs can be made by using a • Re-cover the roof with a new highly reflective type of paint, a sheet waterproofing surface (such as covering, or highly reflective tiles or tile coating) shingles. A cool roof doesn’t have to be white. Many cool roof products • Replace the old roof with a new use darker-colored pigments that are cool roof. highly reflective in the near-infrared Look for ENERGY STAR certified roof part of the solar spectrum, which is products when planning your cool not visible to the human eye. A white roof. You can also find information roof will typically be cooler than a at the Cool Roof Rating Council dark roof because it reflects both (coolroofs.org). visible and near-infrared sunlight. Nearly any type of home can benefit If you are building a new home, from a cool roof, but consider climate decide during planning whether you and other factors before you decide want a cool roof. to install one. DOE’s Cool Roof If you want to convert an existing Calculator can help you estimate roof, you have the following options: your potential savings from a cool roof: rsc.ornl.gov/ • Retrofit the roof with specialized 24 heat-reflective material Visit EnergySaver.gov to learn more about cool roofs.

Cool roofs can be made of either white or darker colored materials. While white roofs are usually cooler, both will reflect near-infrared sunlight and save energy and money. Save Electricity and Use Renewable Energy We use electricity and fuel to power operations. All of that change is our homes, communities, and vehi- translating into major benefits for cles. Even though we all rely on the communities across America. nation’s power grid for countless things we do every day, you may not The Smart Home and be aware that the grid is undergoing Your Utility an exciting transformation. Smart tools, appliances, and utility As the electric sector rolls out ad- programs can help you automate, vanced technologies that keep the monitor, and control your home’s bulk electric system stable, sense energy use and make informed and recover from outages automat- decisions about your energy con- ically, and give customers better in- sumption. Some tools you can install formation, utilities are better able to on your own; other web-based tools locate and isolate energy disruptions allow you to work with your utility to to keep the grid operating during an save energy and money. Check with emergency, reduce the number of your utility to find out what options customers affected by outages, and are available in your area. improve service restoration 25

Residential Electricity Use per Household (2016)

Cooling Lighting Heating Water heating Refrigerators and freezers Laundry and dishwashing Cooking TVs and PCs Other uses

01234 Thousand Kilowatt Hours per Household

Source: Energy Information Administration Smart Meters and Smart Appliances Millions of smart meters have been installed across the country. They provide two-way communication between you and your utility, which can help your utility locate and respond to outages more quickly. This communication helps utilities maintain Home energy management systems more reliable electrical service and help you track energy use and control allows consumers to more easily thermostats and smart appliances. take advantage of time-based electricity rates. Time-Based Electricity Rates If you have a smart meter, most likely To help reduce peak power demands, there is a customer web portal that use resources more efficiently, re- will show you your hourly consumption duce operating costs, and help their on a nearly real-time basis. This customers save money, many utilities could help you better understand offer programs that encourage your usage and make better-informed customers to use electricity during decisions about changing your usage off-peak hours. The programs pass patterns and lowering your energy on the savings to you, the customer, use. Most utilities also have tools to through rebates or reduced electricity 26 set bill alerts and compare usage to rates. others in your neighborhood, as well Such programs might charge you as other tools to help consumers. the actual cost of power at any one time, ranging from high prices during times of peak demand to low prices during off-peak hours. If you are able to shift your power use to off-peak times, these programs can save you money while helping your utility operate more efficiently.

Time-based rates are very attractive to owners of plug-in hybrids and electric vehicles because typically these vehicles are recharged at night. See the Vehicles and Fuels section for A smart meter allows you to monitor your energy usage almost in real time. more information. Smart meters can also be used with home energy management systems How to Read the (EMS), such as web-based tools that EnergyGuide Label your utility provides or devices that can be installed in your home. A U.S. Government Federal law prohibits removal of this label before consumer purchase. home EMS can help you track your

Refrigerator-Freezer xx Corporation overall energy use or the energy use Automatic Defrost Models xx Side-Mounted Freezer 4 1Capacity: xx.x Cubic Feet of an individual appliance, allow you No through-the-door ice to remotely adjust your thermostat or Compare ONLY to other labels with yellow numbers. Labels with yellow numbers are based on the same test procedures. operate appliances, and help you find Estimated Yearly Energy Cost ways to save energy and money. 2 $67

Smart appliances can be networked Models with $ $ similar features 57 74 and operated through an EMS. An All models $25 $97 EMS allows you to monitor signals 3 from your utility, create settings to 630 kWh Estimated Yearly Electricity Use use appliances when prices are low, l Your cost will depend on your utility rates and use. l Both cost ranges based on models of similar size capacity. l Models with similar features have xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, or turn off appliances to help prevent xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. l Estimated energy cost based on a national average electricity cost of 12 cents per kWh. blackouts. Smart appliances can ftc.gov/energy then be programmed to automatically operate in ways that save you The EnergyGuide label is required to energy and money, such as deferring be placed on all appliances by the manufacturers. The label provides in- dishwashing to off-peak hours. You formation about energy consumption can always override any automatic and shows you how much energy settings. an appliance uses compared with 27 similar models. Keep in mind that To learn more about the electric the numbers are averages; actual grid, meters, and appliances visit costs will differ somewhat depending DOE's Office of Electricity Delivery on how you use them. and Energy Reliability website at The EnergyGuide label includes the energy.gov/oe/. following: 1. Make, model number, and size of Appliances the appliance 2. Estimated yearly operating cost Whether you choose to purchase (based on the national average smart appliances or not, any appli- cost of electricity) and the range of ance will have two price tags: the operating costs for similar models initial purchase price and the cost 3. Estimated yearly electricity of operating the appliance during its consumption lifetime. You’ll pay your utility for the 4. Key features of the appliance and energy to operate the appliance every the similar models that make up month for the next 10 to 20 years, the cost comparison range. depending on the appliance. The ENERGY STAR® Label

The ENERGY STAR label makes it easy to identify products that meet strict, specific requirements for energy efficiency. ENERGY STAR certified products exceed the federal minimum standards for efficiency and quality— ENERGY STAR certified dishwashers save sometimes significantly. Look for the water, energy, and money. label on certain appliances, electronics, water heaters, windows, and other products that consume energy • Soil sensors to detect how dirty in your home. Not all appliances are dishes are and minimize water use ENERGY STAR certified, including residential microwaves, stoves, ranges, • Water filtration to remove food 28 and ovens. Visit energystar.gov for and use detergent and water more the full list of certified appliances. efficiently

• More efficient jets to use less When you shop for a new appliance, energy while spraying dishes look for the EnergyGuide and ENERGY STAR labels. • Dish rack designs to maximize cleaning. Dishwashers ENERGY STAR certified dishwashers In addition to the ENERGY STAR use less water and energy when label, look for the following when compared to conventional models, buying a dishwasher: which results in significantly better • The EnergyGuide label, to compare cleaning and savings in money, models and estimate operating energy, water, and time when com- costs. pared to hand washing. • The right size for your home. You’ll ENERGY STAR certified dishwashers likely spend less to operate a offer the following technologies to standard-size model less often help you save energy: Online comparison tools You can also use online tools to compare the energy efficiency of products you are considering. The following tools are available: • Energystar.gov: Allows you to compare ENERGY STAR certified products • EnergySaver.gov: The Appliance Energy Use Calculator allows you to input an appliance’s wattage, as well as your local utility rates and yearly usage to estimate annual costs to operate an appliance. • eeCompass: Allows you to compare the efficiency of any new appliance that meets minimum Look for the ENERGY STAR when buying a federal standards. Visit new refrigerator. Top-mounted freezers are regulations.doe.gov/eecompass. more efficient than side- or bottom-mounted freezers.

than to run a compact model more • Only run the dishwasher when it is frequently. full (not overloaded). 29 • Several wash cycle options, to allow • Let dishes air dry instead of using you to use more efficient cycles your dishwasher’s heated dry when dishes aren’t heavily soiled. setting.

The following best practices will save • If your dishwasher has an internal you energy and money when using heating element that boosts water your dishwasher: temperature (check the manual that came with your dishwasher), • Scrape your dishes and load them set your home’s water heater to in the dishwasher instead of rinsing 120°F. or hand washing dishes; ENERGY STAR certified dishwashers will Refrigerators boost water temperature to 140°F. If your refrigerator is more than 10 Your dishes will be disinfected years old, you could save $270 over and you will spend less time and the next five years by replacing it use less water at the sink—nearly with a new ENERGY STAR certified 5,000 gallons per year! refrigerator. In addition to energy savings, many utilities offer rebates • Cover liquids and wrap foods for recycling your old refrigerator; visit stored in the refrigerator. Uncovered energystar.gov for more information. foods release moisture and make the compressor work harder. Look for the following when buying a new refrigerator: • Keep the door closed as much as possible. • The ENERGY STAR and EnergyGuide labels, to compare models and • Place the refrigerator away from ensure you are buying an efficient the oven or dishwasher and out of product. direct sunlight.

• The appropriate size for your • Leave a few inches between the needs. The most energy efficient wall and the refrigerator, and keep models are usually 16–20 cubic the condenser coils clean on older feet; larger models use more models. Check the user’s manual energy. for instructions.

• A top-mounted freezer model, which • If you have an old, second refrigera- is more efficient than side-by-side tor or freezer, recycle it, particularly or bottom-mounted freezer models. if you don’t store very much in it or Also consider models without an if it is in unconditioned space. icemaker or water dispenser, which use more energy. Other Energy-Saving Kitchen Tips 30 Follow these tips to reduce the amount of energy your refrigerator • Move the faucet lever to the cold uses: position when using small amounts of water; placing the lever in the • Set the temperature at 35˚–38˚F hot position draws hot water even for refrigerators and 0˚F for stand- if it never reaches the faucet. alone freezers for long-term storage. • Check that natural gas appliance • Make sure your refrigerator door flames are blue; yellow flames seals are airtight. Test them by indicate the gas is burning ineffi- closing the door over a piece of ciently and an adjustment may be paper or a dollar bill so it is half in needed. If you see yellow flames, and half out of the refrigerator. If consult the manufacturer or your you can pull the paper or bill out local utility. easily, the latch may need adjusting, the seal may need replacing, or you • Keep range-top burners and reflec- may consider buying a new unit. tors clean; they will reflect the heat better, and you will save energy. • Efficient washers and dryers, as well as energy-conscious laundry practices such as washing in cold water, washing full loads, and drying on cool settings, can save you money while doing laundry.

• Cover pots and pans when you Laundry cook. The food cooks faster and Clothes washers and dryers are you’ll use less energy. 31 some of the largest energy consum- • Match the size of the pan to the ers of any home appliances. You can heating element. save money while doing laundry by using less water, using cooler water, • Use small appliances such as and taking steps to use less energy. toaster ovens, electric pressure cookers, microwave ovens, or con- Clothes Washers vection ovens for small meals rath- Clothes washers have seen a 70% er than your large stove or oven. drop in energy use since 1990. If They will save energy and can save your washer is more than 10 years on cooling costs in the summer old, consider buying a new ENERGY because they generate less heat. STAR certified clothes washer. These • Replace lightbulbs and light fix- washers use less energy, less water, tures with ENERGY STAR certified and have greater capacity, allowing products; kitchen lights are some you to wash the same amount of of the most used in a house. See laundry in fewer loads. Both top-load the Lighting section for more and front-load models are available. information. New technologies move clothes in the washer without a central agitator and rinse clothes by spraying instead of may cost more initially. They require filling the tub with water, resulting in a venting and a dedicated gas line, gentler wash that uses less water. which can add to installation costs.

Use the EnergyGuide label or visit Electric dryers can be less expensive energystar.gov to compare models. to purchase than other dryer options but may cost more to operate (again, Warm or cold water is generally suf- depending on local rates). Ventless ficient to clean your laundry; most of models are available, and most the energy used by clothes washers standard-size models require a 240 goes to heating water. Using warm volt outlet. water instead of hot can cut a load’s energy use in half, and using cold Heat pump dryers can save 20%– water will save even more. 60% more than conventional clothes dryers; consumers who use a dryer Cold water detergents can be helpful a lot and have high electricity rates to ensure items get clean, and high- have the greatest potential for cost efficiency detergents (indicated by the savings. Heat pump dryers take in "he" symbol) should be used when ambient air, heat it, and recirculate required by the manufacturer. it in the dryer. Moisture is drained Try to wash full loads and use an through a condenser to prevent heat appropriate water setting if you loss. There is no need for a vent, must wash a small load. Use the but you will need a way to drain the high-speed or extended spin cycle water; sometimes the clothes washer 32 to remove as much moisture as drain can be used for this. possible before drying. Visit energystar.gov for more information on each type of ENERGY Clothes Dryers STAR certified dryer and to compare When buying a new clothes dryer, models. look for the ENERGY STAR label. ENERGY STAR certified clothes dryers When drying laundry, consider air- use about 20% less energy than drying on clothes lines or drying conventional models. Many have a racks. When you do use a clothes moisture sensor that automatically dryer, use lower heat settings even adjusts the amount of heat being if the drying cycle is longer—you’ll used and shuts off the dryer when use less energy and be less likely the load is dry. to over-dry your clothes. Dry towels and heavier cottons separate from Several different types of dryers lighter-weight clothes. Try using a are available. cool-down cycle to allow clothes to finish drying with the heat remaining Gas dryers can cost less to operate, in the dryer. depending on local fuel costs, but Thousands of clothes dryer fires are Electronics such as televisions, set- reported each year, and many are top and cable boxes, and audio and caused by failure to clean the dryer. video equipment also are eligible to Clean the lint screen after every load earn ENERGY STAR certification. As and periodically use the long nozzle home entertainment systems offer tip on your vacuum cleaner to clean increasingly advanced features and the lint screen slot to improve air are ever more prevalent throughout circulation and reduce the risk of fire. our homes, they also use more ener- Inspect your dryer vent to ensure it is gy. A home using two set-top boxes not blocked. Manufacturers recom- is using significantly more electricity mend using rigid venting material— than it takes to run a new refrigera- not plastic vents that may collapse tor. ENERGY STAR certified electron- and cause blockages. ics use up to 50% less energy than standard models. Home Office and Electronics The average U.S. household has more than 20 consumer electronic products, according to ENERGY STAR. Many of us use electronics and home office equipment daily for work, hobbies, entertainment, and communication. Using efficient products and 33 taking steps to save energy can save you money and prolong the life of Advanced power strips prevent your products. electronics from drawing energy when they aren’t being used. When buying electronics, computers, and other office equipment, look for the ENERGY STAR label. The following tips can help you save energy when using computers, office ENERGY STAR certified computers equipment, and electronics: and office electronics offer power management features and efficient • Turn off computers and other equip- internal and external power supplies ment when they aren’t in use. to ensure energy savings. A variety of computer and office products • Use power management settings earn ENERGY STAR certification, on computers and monitors, which from desktop computers to laptops will send your equipment into and tablets to imaging equipment low-power “sleep modes” after such as copiers, printers, scanners, periods of inactivity. Avoid using all-in-one devices, fax machines, and screen savers. mailing machines. • Make sure that computer games • Set your television to the “home” that prevent your computer from or “standard” setting to reduce the going to sleep are not left brightness and reduce your TV’s running while you aren’t using energy use by 18%–30%. your computer.

• Use advanced power strips that Lighting can prevent electronics from draw- Switching to energy efficient lighting ing power when they aren’t being is one of the fastest ways to cut your used. Features such as timers, energy bills. Lightbulbs are easy, activity monitors, and remotes fast, and inexpensive to replace, but provide options that make it easy they aren’t your only option for saving to save energy. Many consumer money and energy on lighting. electronics continue to draw power even when they are switched off, Compatible light fixtures and lamps which could add an extra 10% use less energy, produce less heat, to your monthly utility bill. See and can prolong the life of your effi- the References section for an cient bulbs. Many also have features infographic on how to choose an such as timers and motion sensors advanced power strip. that can save you money by turning off lights that are not being used. • Unplug battery chargers when the batteries are fully charged or the Lightbulbs chargers are not in use. The average U.S. household has 34 • Streaming content with electronic about 70 lightbulbs. One ENERGY equipment that has earned the EN- STAR certified LED (light-emitting ERGY STAR will use 25%–30% less diode) lightbulb uses up to 90% less energy than standard equipment. energy than old incandescent bulbs and can save you more than $80 in • When streaming content, choose electricity costs over its lifetime. the smallest device that makes sense for the number of people watching. Avoid streaming on game consoles, which use 10 times more power than streaming through a tablet or laptop.

• If your cable or satellite TV service provider gives you a set-top box as part of your contract, ask for an ENERGY STAR certified model, Lightbulbs are quick and easy to replace, which is 40% more efficient than but ENERGY STAR certified lamps and fixtures will also save you money. conventional models. They also last 15–25 times longer, on food products, the Lighting Facts so you’ll be buying and changing label helps you to understand exactly bulbs less frequently. what you are buying and to buy the light bulbs that are right for you. Many LED bulbs are dimmable or can be used with daylight or motion sen- The brightness of the bulb is listed sors; check the packaging to ensure first on the label. While you may be your bulb works with these controls. used to thinking about bulb brightness in terms of watts, it actually When choosing a lightbulb, you will makes more sense to think in terms likely think about three character- of lumens, or the amount of bright- istics: bulb shape, brightness, and ness that a bulb provides—the higher color. the number of lumens, the brighter To determine the shape of the bulb the bulb. you need, look at the light fixture If you’re replacing an inefficient 100 where you’ll be using it. This should watt (W) incandescent bulb, look for help you determine whether you an energy-saving bulb that puts out need a bulb with a small- or regular- about 1,300 lumens. To replace a size base, and whether to look for 60 W equivalent, look for a bulb with standard, reflector, candle, or globe- about 800 lumens. shaped bulbs. Then look at the light appearance or Once you’ve found the shape of bulb color of the bulb. The scale on the you need, look on the package for label will tell you whether the bulb is 35 the Lighting Facts Label. warm or cool. The numbers shown The Federal Trade Commission re- are on a Kelvin (K) temperature scale. quires the Lighting Facts label on all • For soft, white, warmer light, look light bulb packages to help consum- for bulbs marked 2700–3000 K. ers easily compare energy efficient bulbs. Like the helpful nutrition label • For a whiter light, look for bulbs marked 3500–4100 K.

Lighting Facts Per Bulb • For bluer white light or daylight, look

Brightness 450 lumens for bulbs marked 5000–6500 K. Estimated Yearly Energy Cost $1.08 Based on 3 hrs/day, 11¢/kWh. Light Fixtures Cost depends on rates and use Life Efficient lightbulbs are just one Based on 3 hrs/day 22.8 years element of energy efficient lighting. Light Appearance Warm Cool Another important consideration is your light fixtures. Efficient light- 3000 K bulbs are most efficient and last Energy Used 9 watts their maximum lifetimes when they on lights. For more privacy, use are installed in energy efficient light light-colored, loose-weave curtains fixtures. to allow daylight into the room. Also, decorate with lighter colors ENERGY STAR certified light fixtures that reflect daylight. use 70%–90% less energy, produce about 70% less heat than traditional • Choose small, energy efficient task models using incandescent light lights for computer work, reading, bulbs, and last about 15–25 times or other focused work on desks longer. They also distribute light more and tables. efficiently and evenly than standard fixtures. • Look for LED products and fixtures for outdoor use such as pathway You can find hard-wired fixtures in lights, step lights, and porches. many styles that can be installed Many have features like automatic on the interior and exterior of your daylight shut-off and motion home, as well as portable floor, table, sensors. You can also find solar- and desk lamps. powered outdoor lighting.

While you may not be willing to • Choose ENERGY STAR decorative replace all of your light fixtures at light strings for your holiday deco- once, just replacing a few of your rating. They use 75% less energy most-often used fixtures or lamps than incandescent strands and are can save you money and prolong the cool to the touch, reducing the risk life of your efficient lightbulbs. of fire. 36 Lighting Tips Renewable Electricity • By replacing your home’s five You can purchase renewable electric- most frequently used light fixtures ity from your utility or produce it at or bulbs with ENERGY STAR cer- your home or in your community. tified models, you can save $45 each year. Buying Renewable Electricity • Controls such as timers and pho- Many utilities offer the option to buy tocells save electricity by turning electricity made from renewable en- lights off when not in use. Dimmers ergy like solar, wind, hydropower, bio- save electricity when used to lower mass, and geothermal. Programs can light levels. Be sure to select prod- include green pricing, in which you ucts that are compatible with the pay a small premium for electricity energy efficient bulbs and fixtures generated from renewable sources; you want to use. competitive electricity markets, in which you can choose how your elec- • Keep your curtains or shades open tricity is generated and who generates to use daylighting instead of turning it; and green certificates, which allow you to contribute to the generation of renewable electricity, even if you can’t buy it directly from your utility. Check with your local utility for more information.

Installing a Small Solar Electric System If you’ve already made your home as energy efficient as possible, and you have suffi- cient sunlight (also referred to as your “solar resource”), you might want to consider generating your own electricity with a solar power system. Solar energy systems also often make sense if you drive a plug-in hybrid or all-electric Solar panels can be installed on ground- or roof- vehicle since you use addi- mounted racks, and some products can integrate solar cells with the roof of your home. tional electricity to charge your vehicle. 37

Solar panels can be installed onto interested in installing solar energy ground- or roof-mounted racks, and systems. You can choose to purchase products are available that integrate a system with cash or a loan; you solar cells with the roof, making can choose to lease a system and them much less visible than older own only the power purchase agree- systems. ment, or PPA, in which a solar system is installed on your property and you You should consider several factors agree to purchase the electricity it if you want to install a solar power generates. system, such as your solar resource, siting and sizing the system, and If you choose to purchase a system, electrical safety. Because of the small solar energy systems are complexity and need for proper eligible for a 30% federal tax credit installation, it’s best to have a solar through 2019. The tax credit de- professional install your system. creases to 26% in 2020, then to 22% in 2021, and expires December There are now more ownership and 31, 2021. leasing options for homeowners Community or Shared Solar Almost half of all households in the United States are unable to install photovoltaic, or PV, solar systems because they rent or have unsuitable sites. If you can’t or don’t want to install solar at your own home, another option is to invest in community or shared solar programs. Shared solar programs can be sponsored by utilities, A small wind electric system may make sense if you live on non-profit entities, or at least one acre of land and have an ample wind resource. by individuals who join together as a business enterprise Before deciding to install a small wind known as a “special purpose entity.” system, you will want to assess how These programs divide the costs of much wind is available at your site purchasing and installing solar energy (also known as your “wind resource”), 38 among all participants, who are then research any local legal or environ- able to buy into the system at a level mental obstacles, and determine that fits their needs and budget. whether a small wind system makes financial sense for you. See theSmall Installing a Small Wind Wind Guidebook (http://en.openei. Electric System org/wiki/Small_Wind_Guidebook) to If you live on at least one acre of learn more about zoning/permitting, land with an ample wind resource, how to find the right turbine, and you can generate your own electricity siting and interconnection. using a small wind electric system. More Resources You can also use a small wind turbine for pumping water. Small wind See the References section and visit systems range in size from 400 W to EnergySaver.gov for more resources 20 kW and consist of a wind turbine, on installing small solar and wind tower, wiring, and balance of system energy systems. components. Renters and Rental Property Owners If you rent, or if you own a rental learn how you can buy clean electric- unit, you can use many of the tips ity or participate in community solar throughout this guide to save money programs. and energy. Rental Property Owners Renters Nearly all of the information in this You can reduce your utility bills and guide applies to rental units. Im- improve the comfort of your home proving the efficiency of a rental unit by following the tips in this guide. makes it more attractive and more Encourage your landlord to follow comfortable for renters. Efficiency these tips as well. can also save you and your tenants money over the long term by lowering As a renter, you may think your energy bills and prolonging the life of options for using solar or wind for appliances and heating and cooling electricity are limited. The section on systems. Renewable Electricity will help you

Renters and rental property owners can benefit from all of the energy-saving tips throughout this guide. Vehicles and Fuels The vehicle you choose and how you • Before turning on the AC, roll down drive that vehicle affect your fuel use the windows briefly to let hot air out and transportation costs. Efficient of the cabin. Turn on the AC with driving choices can save you money. the windows closed after you begin driving; it will cool the vehicle faster.

Saving Money on Fuel • Avoid aggressive driving, such as The following tips can help you im- speeding, rapid acceleration, and prove your gas mileage or avoid using hard braking. Aggressive driving gas altogether. can lower your highway gas mileage by up to 30% and your city mileage • Minimize idling your car by turning by 40%. off your engine when your vehicle is parked. Any shutdown longer than • Avoid high speeds. Driving above 1 minute will save you money, but 50 mph, gas mileage drops rapidly. try not to exceed 10 engine starts per day. Idling can use a quarter • Reduce drag by placing items to a half gallon of fuel per hour, inside the car or trunk rather than depending on engine size and air on roof racks, which can decrease conditioner use. your fuel economy by up to 8% in city driving and up to 25% at Inter- • Also avoid idling to warm state speeds. your engine in the winter. Most manufacturers recommend driving off gently after about 30 seconds. 40 The engine will warm up faster being driven, which will allow the heat to turn on sooner and decrease your fuel costs.

• In hot weather, roll down the windows at lower speeds and use the air conditioning (AC) at high- Avoiding aggressive driving and using cruise control way speeds. on the highway are just two ways to improve your fuel economy. • Avoid keeping heavy items in your due to worn spark plugs, dragging car; an extra 100 pounds in your brakes, sagging belts, low trans- vehicle reduces your miles per mission fluid, or transmission prob- gallon by about 1%. lems. Fixing a serious maintenance problem, such as a faulty oxygen • Combine errands. Several short sensor, can improve mileage by as trips taken from a cold start can much as 40%. use twice as much fuel as one trip covering the same distance when • Don’t ignore the check-engine the engine is warm. light—it can alert you to problems that affect fuel economy, as well • Use cruise control on the highway as more serious problems, even to maintain a constant speed and when your vehicle seems to be save gas. running fine.

• Check into telecommuting, carpool- Learn more fuel saving tips and ing, public transit, and active trans- other ways to save money on portation like bicycling or walking to FuelEconomy.gov. save on fuel and car maintenance costs. Many urban areas provide carpool lanes that are usually less Buying and Driving Fuel- congested, further improving your Efficient and Alternative fuel economy. Fuel Vehicles

• If your vehicle has an “economy” When purchasing a vehicle, consider mode, ensure that it is turned on. fuel-efficient and alternative fuel vehicles. Use the tips and tools below to Car Maintenance Tips select the right vehicle for you and to get the most out of your purchase. • Use the grade of motor oil your car’s manufacturer recommends. • Choose your vehicle according to Using a different grade of motor your needs. If you mostly drive in oil can lower your gas mileage by cities, a smaller hybrid electric vehi- 41 1%–2%. cle might be right for you because it gets better mileage in city driving • Inflate your tires to the pressure and is easier to park. If you have listed in your owner’s manual or on more than one vehicle available to a sticker that is either in the glove you, drive the most fuel-efficient box or driver’s side door jamb. This vehicle whenever possible. number may differ from the maximum pressure printed on your tire’s • If you need a vehicle for towing sidewall. or heavy use, consider a clean diesel vehicle. Diesel engines • Get regular maintenance checks are more powerful and 30%–35% to avoid fuel economy problems more efficient than similar-sized gasoline engines. New diesel engines are much smoother and quieter than their predeces- sors. The new generation of clean diesel vehicles must meet the same emissions standards as gasoline vehicles. Drivers of diesel vehicles can be even more sustain- Keep the battery charged on plug-in electric vehicles to minimize gas use (for plug-in hybrids) and maximize able by fueling up with driving range (for all-electric vehicles). a biodiesel blend. Most manufacturers allow the use of B5 (diesel with up the country. You can find charging to 5% biodiesel), and some accept and alternative fuel stations on the the use of B20 (diesel with up to Alternative Fueling Station Locator: 20% biodiesel). afdc.energy.gov/locator/stations/.

• Many vehicles produced by U.S. • For plug-in electric vehicles, keep auto manufacturers are flexible-fuel the battery charged. For plug-in vehicles (FFVs), which can run on hybrids, you’ll minimize the gas you E85 (up to 85% ethanol, 15% gas- use. For electric vehicles, you’ll oline) and other ethanol-gasoline maximize your driving range. blends. Check your owner’s manual to find out if your vehicle is an FFV.

• Consider buying a highly fuel-effi- 42 cient vehicle. A fuel-efficient, hybrid electric, plug-in electric, or other alternative fuel vehicle could cut your fuel costs. Visit FuelEconomy. gov and use the Find a Car tool when buying a new fuel-efficient car or truck.

• If you have a plug-in hybrid electric or an all-electric vehicle, charging The Alternative Fueling Station Locator stations for electric vehicles are can help you find a charging station near you. increasingly available throughout Financing, Incentives, and Assistance You may be eligible for financing, Energy® mortgage or to qualify FHA incentives, or assistance with borrowers for a 2% stretch on debt-to- energy-saving home improvements income ratios for high scoring homes. or purchases. The Veteran’s Administration (VA) also provides energy efficient mort- Financing gages; you can learn about them in VA pamphlet 26-7. If you live on a Financing programs for energy effi- farm or in a rural area, you may be ciency improvements are available able to participate in the U.S. Depart- from financial institutions, mortgage ment of Agriculture Rural Energy for lenders, utilities, and state and local America Program. governments. In some states, homeowners can finance energy efficiency See the References sections for links and other eligible improvements to these financing programs. through an assessment on their homes, which is known as Property Incentives Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) financing. When searching for incentives, consider federal, state, local, utility, Homeowners can also use conven- and retail incentives. A good place to tional financial programs, such as start your search is the Database of home equity loans, to finance energy State Incentives for Renewables and efficiency improvements to their Efficiency:dsireusa.org . homes. Income-qualified programs for low-moderate income borrowers The federal government may offer are available in some states, which incentives in the form of tax credits, provide reduced interest rates and which reduce the amount of tax you other assistance. pay. Tax credits are claimed when you file your tax return. Programs are also available that 43 allow efficiency improvements to be Utilities and retailers are more likely financed when purchasing or refi- to offer rebates. Contact your utility nancing a home, such as the Fannie and retailers directly to find out if Mae HomeStyle® loan program and they offer any rebates. Also visit FHA’s 203(k) renovation loans. The energystar.gov/ rebate-finder to DOE Home Energy Score report can search for rebates from ENERGY be used to qualify energy efficiency STAR partners. improvements for a HomeStyle Weatherization and Home energy.gov/eere/wipo/where-apply- Energy Assistance weatherization-assistance. Assistance is available to low-income Low-Income Home Energy households to improve the efficiency Assistance Program (LIHEAP) of homes and to pay energy bills. The Low-Income Home Energy Assis- tance Program (LIHEAP) helps low- Weatherization Assistance income households with their home Program energy bills. The program is federally Nationally, as many as 20–30 million funded through the U.S. Department U.S. families are eligible for weath- of Health and Human Services, which erization services. Weatherization awards funds to the states, the reduces energy costs for low-income District of Columbia, Indian tribes, households by increasing the energy and U.S. territories. LIHEAP may also efficiency of homes while ensuring offer assistance with energy crises, health and safety. weatherization improvements, or energy-related home repairs. States provide homes with these services, and each state has slightly To locate the energy assistance office different criteria for eligibility. in your area, call the National Energy Assistance Referral line toll-free To learn how and where to apply phone number at 1-866-674-6327 or for weatherization assistance, visit email [email protected].

Weatherization can reduce energy bills and improve the efficiency, health, and safety of the home. References and Resources

Energy Saver: EnergySaver.gov "A Guide to Energy-Efficient Heating and Cooling." (2009). ENERGY STAR. Accessed Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable December 2016: energystar.gov/ia/ Energy: energy.gov/eere partners/publications/pubdocs/ ENERGY STAR: energystar.gov HeatingCoolingGuide%20FINAL_9-4-09.pdf "HVAC: A Guide for Contractors to Share with Audit Your Home's Energy Use Homeowners." (2011). U.S. Department of Building Performance Institute: Energy Building America Program. Accessed bpihomeowner.org December 2016: energy.gov/sites/prod/ files/2013/11/f5/hvac_guide.pdf Home Energy Saver: hes.lbl.gov/consumer "Insulation: A Guide for Contractors to Share Home Energy Score: homeenergyscore.gov with Homeowners." (2012). U.S. Department Home Performance with ENERGY STAR: of Energy Building America Program. Accessed energystar.gov/hpwes December 2016: energy.gov/sites/prod/ files/2013/11/f5/insulation_guide.pdf Residential Services Network: resnet.us "No Regrets Remodeling, 2nd Edition." (2013). Home Energy. Accessed May 2017: Weatherize Your Home eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ "Air Sealing: A Guide for Contractors to building_america/no_regrets_remodeling_ Share with Homeowners." (2010). Accessed ornl.pdf December 2016: energy.gov/sites/prod/ files/2013/11/f5/ba_airsealing_report.pdf "Recommended Home Insulation R-Values." ENERGY STAR. Accessed May 2017: "Attic Air-sealing Project." ENERGY STAR. energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing. Accessed May 2017: energystar.gov/index. hm_improvement_insulation_table cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_attic "Savings Project: Attic Stairs Cover Box." "Attic Insulation Project." ENERGY STAR. Energy Saver. Accessed May 2017: energy. Accessed May 2017: energystar.gov/index. gov/energysaver/projects/savings-project- cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_attic_ attic-stairs-cover-box insulation "Savings Project: Insulate and Air Seal Floors "Basement and Crawlspace Air Sealing and over Unconditioned Garages." Energy Saver. Insulating." ENERGY STAR. Accessed May Accessed May 2017: energy.gov/energysaver/ 2017: energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_ projects/savings-project-insulate-and-air-seal- sealing.hm_improvement_basement floors-over-unconditioned-garages

"A Do-It-Yourself Guide to Sealing and "Savings Project: Seal Air Leaks with Caulk." Insulating with ENERGY STAR." (2016). Energy Saver. Accessed December 2016: ENERGY STAR. Accessed May 2017: energy.gov/energysaver/projects/savings- energystar.gov/ia/partners/publications/ project-how-seal-air-leaks-caulk 45 pubdocs/DIY_Guide_2016.pdf?1cb1-bbd4 "Savings Project: Weatherstrip Double-Hung "ENERGY STAR Certified Homes." ENERGY Windows." Energy Saver. Accessed December STAR. Accessed May 2017: energystar.gov/ 2016: energy.gov/energysaver/projects/ newhomes savings-project-how-weatherstrip-double-hung- or-sash-windows "Sealing Behind Window and Door Trim." Windows ENERGY STAR. Accessed May 2017. "Applying Plastic Over Windows Project." energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing. ENERGY STAR. Accessed June 2017. hm_improvement_window_door_trim energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing. "Zero Energy Ready Home." U.S. Department hm_improvement_applying_plastic of Energy Building Technologies Office. Attachments Energy Rating Council. Accessed Accessed June 2017. energy.gov/eere/ June 2017: aercnet.org/ buildings/zero-energy-ready-home National Fenestration Rating Council. Heat and Cool Your Home Efficiently Accessed June 2017: nfrc.org/

Air Conditioning Contractors of America: "Savings Project: Install Storm Windows." acca.org/home Energy Saver. Accessed December 2016: energy.gov/energysaver/projects/savings- ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, project-install-exterior-storm-windows-low- Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers). e-coating Accessed June 2017: ashrae.org/

Burn Wise. U.S. Environmental Protection Cool Roofs Agency. Accessed December 2016: epa.gov/ Cool Roof Rating Council. Accessed June burnwise 2017: coolroofs.org/.

North American Technician Excellence. Roof Savings Calculator. Oak Ridge National Accessed June 2017: natex.org Laboratory. rsc.ornl.gov/

Water Heating Save Electricity and Use Renewable Energy "Savings Project: Insulate Your Water Heater "Residential Electricity Use Per Household." Tank." Energy Saver. Accessed December (2017). Annual Energy Outlook 2017. p. 109. 2016: energy.gov/energysaver/projects/ Energy Information Administration. eia.gov/ savings-project-insulate-your-water-heater-tank outlooks/aeo/pdf/0383(2017).pdf "Savings Project: Insulate Hot Water Pipes." Energy Saver. Accessed December 2016: The Smart Home and Your Utility energy.gov/energysaver/projects/savings- Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy project-insulate-hot-water-pipes-energy-savings Reliability: energy.gov/oe/

"Savings Project: Lower Water Heating Appliances Temperature." Energy Saver. Accessed December 2016: energy.gov/energysaver/ Appliance Energy Use Calculator. Energy projects/savings-project-lower-water-heating- Saver. Accessed December 2016: energy.gov/ temperature energysaver/estimating-appliance-and-home- electronic-energy-use "SRCC Certification, Rating, and Listing Directory." Solar Rating and Certification eeCompass. U.S. Department of Energy Corporation. Accessed June 2017: solar- Appliance and Equipment Standards Program. rating.org/certification_listing_directory/ Accessed December 2016: regulations.doe. gov/eecompass "Why Aren't Electric Resistance Storage Tank And Electric Tankless Water Heaters Able To Home Office and Electronics Earn The ENERGY STAR?" ENERGY STAR. 46 "Choosing the Right Advanced Power Strip Accessed June 2017: energystar.zendesk. for You." (2013). Energy Saver. Accessed com/hc/en-us/articles/212111647-Why-aren- December 2016: energy.gov/energysaver/ t-electric-storage-tank-and-electric-tankless- articles/choose-right-advanced-power-strip-you water-heaters-able-to-earn-the-ENERGY-STAR- "Streaming Media? Make the Simple Choice "Where to Apply for Weatherization to Do It Smarter." (2015). ENERGY STAR. Assistance." U.S. Department of Energy Accessed June 2017: energystar.gov/ Weatherization Assistance Program. Accessed products/ask-the-expert/streaming-media December 2016: energy.gov/eere/wipo/ where-apply-weatherization-assistance Lighting "Veteran's Administration Energy Efficiency "DIY Lighting with ENERGY STAR." ENERGY Mortgage: VA pamphlet 26-7." RESNET. STAR. Accessed June 2017: energystar.gov/ Accessed June 2017: resnet.us/professional/ products/lighting_fans/diy_lighting_energy_star lenders/va_26_7

Renewable Electricity "A Homeowner's Guide to Going Solar." U.S. Photo credits: Cover: iStock 153702629; p. 1: Department of Energy Sunshot Program. Thinkstock 83107343B; p. 2: Dennis Schroeder, Accessed December 2016: energy.gov/eere/ NREL 18037; p. 3: iStock 153172697; p. 7: sunshot/homeowner-s-guide-going-solar iStock 172463992; p. 8: ENERGY STAR; p. 11: iStock 611890822; p. 12: iStock 467972281, Small Wind Guidebook. OpenEI. Accessed 184852152; p. 14: iStock 498489625; p. 16: December 2016: en.openei.org/wiki/Small_ Thomas Kelsey, U.S. DOE Solar Decathlon, NREL Wind_Guidebook 38206; p. 17: EnergySaver.gov; p. 18: iStock 160621712; p. 19: Thomas Kelsey, U.S. DOE Vehicles and Fuels Solar Decathlon, NREL 38119; p. 21: Thomas Kelsey, U.S. DOE Solar Decathlon, NREL 38345; Alternative Fueling Station Locator. Accessed p. 22: ENERGY STAR and NFRC; p. 23: David December 2016: afdc.energy.gov/locator/ Parsons, NREL 05480; p. 24: Craig Miller stations/ Productions and DOE, NREL 03505; p. 25: Energy FuelEconomy.gov. Accessed December 2016: Information Administration; p. 26: Thomas Kelsey, fueleconomy.gov/ U.S. DOE Solar Decathlon, NREL 38214, iStock 494762513; p. 27: Federal Trade Commission; p. 28: ENERGY STAR, Thomas Kelsey, U.S. DOE Financing, Incentives, and Assistance Solar Decathlon, NREL 38103 p. 29: iStock 203(k) Rehab Mortgage Insurance. 469549810; p. 31: Bethany Sparn, NREL 25545; U.S. Department of Housing and Urban p. 33: Bethany Sparn, NREL 26761; p. 34: iStock Development. Accessed June 2017: portal. 604352336; p. 35: Federal Trade Commission; hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_ p. 37: Thomas Kelsey, U.S. DOE Solar Decathlon, offices/housing/sfh/203k/203k--df NREL 38228; p. 38: Jeremy Niles, Pika Energy, NREL 39502; p. 39: Gen-Con, Inc., NREL 09318; Database of State Incentives for Renewables p. 40: iStock 462090735; p. 42: Erik Nelsen, and Efficiency (DSIRE). Accessed December NREL 34794, iStock 637941664; p. 44: Dennis 2016: dsireusa.org/ Schroeder, NREL 28704 HomeStyle Energy. Fannie Mae. Accessed June 2017: fanniemae.com/singlefamily/ NOTICE: This guide was prepared by an agency of homestyle-energy the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any "Find Product Rebates & Other Special of their employees, makes any warranty, express or Offers." ENERGY STAR. Accessed June 2017: implied, regarding any apparatus, product, or process energystar.gov/rebate-finder disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any spe- "Renewable Energy Systems & Energy cific commercial product, process, or service by trade Efficiency Improvement Loans & Grants." name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does 47 not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, U.S. Department of Agriculture Rural Energy recommendation, or favoring by the United States for America Program. Accessed June 2017. government or any agency thereof. The views and opin- rd.usda.gov/programs-services/rural-energy- ions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily america-program-renewable-energy-systems- state or reflect those of the United States government energy-efficiency or any agency thereof. 48

EnergySaver.gov provides information about energy efficiency and renewable energy that you can use to save money and energy at home. In addition to the tips in this guide, you can learn how to make short- and long-term changes to save now and in the future.

Produced by the U.S. Department of Energy, Visit EnergySaver.gov to Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy download this guide as a PDF energy.gov/eere or ebook and to order limited numbers of hardcopies. Bulk quantities are also available for purchase. DOE/GO-102017-5044 • September 2017