INDEX

A Argentina, enrollment, 170 Ashton, Baroness (UK), 134 Academic Ranking of World Universities, 2 Asia Pacific Quality Network, 120–121 access Asian Development Bank, 77 in Africa, 19–38 See also individual Asian International University, 90 countries Assad, R., viii; biography, 219 and austerity trends, 12–14 , 193 in Brazil, xii, 169–187 athletics, and higher education, 138 and crossborder education, 107–112 Auh, Paul, 98 demand for, xi, 4 austerity, ix, 1–17, 41. See also funding in , 189–199 and access, 198 international issues, ix-xiii in Egypt, 190–191 in Korea, 95 permanent, 149, 154, 164 in Morocco, x, 48, 50, 59 in Poland, xi, 160 not equitably available, vii and productivity, 17n2 in Oman, survey, 208–217 Australia, and crossborder education, xi, 109, and physical capacity, 45 113, 114, 120 in Poland, 150–164n1 Austria, cost-sharing, 11 relation to cost, 113–114 autonomy, 9, 87 and religion, 66 in Morocco 43 in Uganda, 63–73 in South Africa, 32 in United Kingdom, 129–132 accountability, 87. See also autonomy B accreditation. See also quality and crossborder education, 116–119 Baldridge Awards, 119 in Poland, 153 Banha University, 192 accreditation mills, 118–119 banks, and student loans, 56–58 adult learning centers, 98 Banks, Anthony, 105 affirmative action, Brazil, 184–185 Belfield, C.R., 153 affluence. See elites Belgium Africa, higher education. See also individual aid in Egypt, 192 countries and crossborder education, 108 food/lodging, 16 , 192 funding, 22 blacks. See Brazil participation, ix board and room. See food/lodging African Americans, and limited access, 66, 67 bogus universities, 90 African Socialism, 11 Bologna Process, 17n3, 43, 150 aid to trade, 110 borderless education. See crossborder education AIDS. See HIV-AIDS Botswana, higher education, 19, 22 Ain-Shams University, 193 branding campaigns, 118 Al-Ahram Canadian University, 192 Bray, M., 202 Al-Barwani, Thuwayba, biography, 224 Brazil Alma’ani, Ruqaia Hilal, 217 capacity, 177, 180, 186 Altbach, P.G., xiii, 96 cost-sharing, 177–180 alternative providers, 109, 110. See also private degree statistics, 169 providers demand, 175–176, 189 alumni, donations from, 53 drop-out rates, 179 Ameen, Hana, biography, 224 elementary education, 177 American Capital University, 90 enrollment, 169–170, 173, 186 Angola, higher education funding, 22 ethnicity, 184–185 Aptech, 110 faculty, statistics, 172–174 Arab Fund for Economic and Social financial aid, 178–179, 181–183 Development (AFESD), 58, 59 funding, 172, 177–180, 189

225 INDEX

governance, 164 class. See socioeconomic class and elites higher education, xii, 169–188 CNESCT. See National Council on Higher history, 170–171, 174 Education, Science, and Technology in-person instruction, 185 codes of conduct, and crossborder education, numbers of HEIs, 173 120 private sector, 170–171 command economies, 13–14 public sector, 171 commercial providers. See private providers region, and enrollment, 177 commercialization, of crossborder education, revenue proposals, 171 110 secondary education, 177 Commission/Department/Ministry of/for Higher socioeconomic class, 176 Education. See individual countries student-teacher ratio, 185 Communist countries. See also European types of HEIs, 172–173 transition economies and individual Bugema University, 66 countries Bulgaria, private education, 155 and access, 157, 163 Bumiputras, access to higher education, 80 continuing influence, 13 bursaries. See financial aid economies, 7 Busitema University, 64 and tuition fees, 11 Confucius, 96–97 C corporate universities, 107, 108, 110. See also private providers , 193, 196–198 corruption, 72, 88–91, 97 California State University at Channel Islands, cost-sharing. See also socioeconomic class, 105 tuition fees and financial aid Callender, C., viii, 187; biography, 221 in Africa, 38 Cambridge University, 138, 141 in Brazil, 177–180 Canada in Egypt, xii; student survey, 196–198 aid in Egypt, 192 defined, 195 student debt, 8 in Kenya, 25 Canadian International College, 192 in Morocco, survey, 53–56 capacity in Oman, xiii, 201–217; survey, 208–217 in Brazil, 173–174 180, 186 in Poland, xi, 150–164 in Egypt, 191 in South Africa, 33 and funding, 114 trends, 9–12, 15, 16 in Vietnam, 78 in Uganda, 36, 65, 68 capitalist economies, 13–14. See also individual workforce needs, 56–58 countries and funding cost-side solutions, 8–10, 160–161 Carnegie Foundation, 66 Council for International Exchange of Scholars, Carrol, B., 68–69 vii Castells, M., 75–77, 82 credit-based curriculum, 43 Chapman, D.W., viii; biography, 223 Croatia, private education, 155 Chile, enrollment statistics, 170 crossborder education, 87–88 China in Asia Pacific, xi, 107–124 classical period, 76 demand for, 107 cost-sharing, 11 defined, 108 and crossborder education, xi, 108, 121–122 and financing, xi economy, 7 and quality, xi and foreign direct investment, 81 rationales for, 110–112 limited access of poor, 66 types of, 109 Chinese, quotas in Malaysia, 79–80 culture, issues, 6, 77 Chinese Service Centre for Scholarly Exchange, cyber universities, bogus, 88. See also quality 121 Chmielecka, E., 162 D Chulalongkorn University, 86 CIES. See Council for International Exchange de Liefde, Peter, xiii of Scholars debt, student, 8, 56–58 Clarke, Charles, 131, 135, 142–143 decentralization. See autonomy

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