A Dictionary of Paamese

PACIFIC LINGUISTICS

Series C - 121

A DICTIONARY OF P AAMESE

Terry Crowley

Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Crowley, T. A dictionary of Paamese. C-121, xxii + 268 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1992. DOI:10.15144/PL-C121.cover ©1992 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. Pacific Linguistics is issued through the Linguistic Circle of Canberra and consists of four series:

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B.w. Bender K.A. McElhanon University of Hawaii Summer Institute of Linguistics David Bradley H.P. McKaughan La Trobe University. University of Hawaii Michael G. Clyne P. Milhlhausler Monash University Linacre College, Oxford S.H. Elbert G.N. O'Grady University of Hawaii University of Victoria, B.C. KJ. Franklin K.L. Pike Summer Institute of Linguistics Summer Institute of Linguistics W.W. Glover E.C. Polome Summer Institute of Linguistics University of Texas G.W. Grace Gillian Sankoff University of Hawaii University of Pennsylvania M.A.K. Halliday W.A.L. Stokhof University of Sydney University of Leiden E. Haugen B.K. T'sou Harvard University City Polytechnic of Hong Kong A. Healey E.M. Uhlenbeck Summer Institute of Linguistics University of Leiden L.A. Hercus J.w.M. Verhaar Australian National University University of Leiden John Lynch c.L. Voorhoeve University of the South Pacific University of Leiden

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ISSN 00 78- 7558 ISBN 0 85883 412 X TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v

GENERAL INTRODUCTION vii

l. ORTHOGRAPHY Vll

2. CiTATION FORMS vii 3. WORD BOUNDARIES viii 4. WORD CLASSES ix 5. DIALECTS x 5.1 Northern and Southern Paarnese x 5.2 Variability and dialect levelling xvi

6. SENSE DEFINITIONS XVll 7. USAGE xviii

8. EXEMPLIFICATION xviii 9. CROSS-REFERENCES xviii

10. ETYMOLOGY AND SCOPE XVlll

II. DERIVED FORMS XIX 12 . FINDERLIST xx

BIBLIOGRAPHY xx

MAP: Paama and Lopevi XXI

PAAMESE-ENGLISH 3

ENGLISH-PAAMESE FINDERLIST 20 9

ill

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This dictionary represents the product of almost a decade and a half of work, on and off. Between 1976 and 1978 I was living for much of my time on the island of Paama in Vanuatu (then the New Hebrides), conducting my doctoral research in linguistics at the Australian National University. The product of those years of research was eventually published as a grammar, entitled The Paamese Language o/Vanuatu (Crowley 1982), along with a number of other shorter publications (Crowley 1983, 1987, 1991). Some of the textual material gathered then has also been published in Paamese as collections of stories (Crowley 1980; Mael & Crowley 1984).

From the middle of 1983 until the end of 1990, I was again resident in Vanuatu, then as Director of the newly established Pacific Languages Unit of the University of the South Pacific. Living in Vila (where speakers of Paamese represent one of the largest language groups) provided me with an opportunity to continue work on this dictionary. Compiling a dictionary is a task that is never-ending. Unfortunately, a lot of non-linguists seem not to realise this, and people do not understand why it is that linguists are so slow to produce dictionaries for Vanuatu languages that they have been studying. To anybody who asks why this is so, in future I can only suggest that they try the task for themselves to see how strong their own determination is. J.J. Scaliger, a scholar of some three centuries past, declared that the worst criminals should be neither executed nor sentenced to hard labour, but they should be condemned to compile dictionaries, because all tortures are included in this work. Having now produced such a work, I can only endorse this view.

I was aided very considerably by Joshua Mael of the National Planning and Statistics Office in Vanuatu in producing the final version of this dictionary. Although Joshua was trained as an economist and not as a linguist, he is a native speaker of Paamese, and was extremely helpful in eliminating many of my earlier errors, and in providing many insights that I had missed. To Joshua: many thanks for your help, especially at a time when you were so busy yourself.

I have to be honest enough to say that this dictionary would not have seen the light of day if I had not managed to overcome my own inhibitions by entering the computer era. I had tried more timesthan I care to remember in the past to finalise dictionary entries on cards, but each time I grew desperately bored and frustrated with that. Using the computer to compile this dictionary was by no means easy, but it was certainly easier. In showing me how to use the computer for dictionary-making I have to thank Ross McKerras of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, as well as my colleague between 1986 and 1988 in the Pacific Languages Unit, Elaine Good. I may not have been the most advanced student they ever had in using computers, but I hope that this volume convinces them that their efforts were not completely in vain.

The appearance of this dictionary also owes something to a small South Pacific Cultures Fund grant from the Australian High Commission in Vila in 1985. These funds enabled me to engage Joshua Mael as a collaborator on a casual basis, and for him to enter into lengthy consultations with some knowledgeable old people about vocabulary items in particular semantic fields. For this grant therefore, I would like to express my appreciation, and hope that this volume is seen as representing a valuable record of one of Vanuatu's larger (rather, least small) linguistic groups.

v vi

It is hard to know where to stop thanking people when a volume like this has been so many years in the making. I have drunk so many blutin and shells of kava with Paamese friends over the years both in Vila and on Paama - and even in places as far afield as Port Moresby, Sydney and Hamilton (New Zealand). I hope my listening for words never interfered with the more enjoyable things in life, but dictionary-making is the kind of job that cannot stop as soon as you lock the office door or close the notebook. So, thanks to you all for some fun times... and for the parts you have all played in getting this dictionary to see the light of day.

The thanks have to end here. I cannot predict what sort of interest will greet the appearance of this dictionary, or what sorts of uses it will be put to. However, in order for people to make intelligent sense out of this dictionary, I must first of all explain something of how it has been put together. GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1. ORlliOGRAPHY

Items in this dictionary are written in the orthography of Paamese which has been in use for over three-quarters of a century. The relationship of this orthography to the phonological system of the language is described in Crowley (1982: 12-19) . The only additional point that needs to be made here is that distinctive vowel length (which is normally ignored in written Paamese) is systematically marked by a macron over the vowel in this dictionary.

The alphabetical order that has been followed in the Paamese-English section of this dictionary is as follows:

a b d e g hi kim n ng 0 p rs t u v

Long and short vowels are treated identically for purposes of alphabetisation, except in those cases where otherwise identical words are distinguished only by vowel length, in which case the vowel with a macron is ordered after the unmarked voweL

2. CITATION FORMS

A great many lexical roots in Paamese are never produced in isolation, as they must be inflected, or morphologically bound in some way, to some other item (or items). Speakers of Paamese generally do not recognise such obligatorily bound forms unless they are presented in one of their inflected forms. In order to enable Paamese speakers to be able to locate items in this dictionary, the following conventions have been followed in citing such non-occurring root forms:

(i) All suffixed nouns have been cited in their third person singular possessed form, that is, they occur in the frame his/her/its X. For details on the behaviour of these suffixes, see Crowley (1982:10 4- 111). Thus, underlying meto- 'eye' is entered under meten 'his/her/its eye'.

(ii) All linked nouns have been cited with the attached morpheme meaning of it. See Crowley (1982:10 1-103) and Crowley (1991). Thus, underlying ou- 'leaf' is entered under oute 'its leaf'.

(iii) All intransitive verbs have been cited in the frame he/she/it X -es, that is, the third person singular realis form. This category is normally marked by a zero prefix (though very often, the initial segment of the root undergoes mutation). Underlying tahoo will therefore be found under raho 'he/she/it is fat'.

(iv) All transitive verbs have been cited in the frame he/she/it X-es him/her/it, that is, they contain a third person singular pronominal object suffIx. For details of the morphological behaviour of all verbs word initially, see Crowley (1982 :1 18 -142) , and for the word-final morphology of verbs, see Crowley (1982:142-148). Underlying tehe 'cut' is therefore to be found under rehei 'he/she/it cuts him/her/it'.

Because such citation forms are different from their underlying root forms, and because even morphologically simple citation forms are also often rather different in their surface forms from their underlying phonological representations, all entries are provided with an

Vll VIll indication of their underlying base forms. These are given in square brackets at the end of each entry. Thus: rehei [tr] (n) cut [tehe]

For details of the morphophonological rules which operate on these underlying forms to produce the surface forms, see Crowley (198 2:28-43).

3. WORD BOUNDARIES

The question of word boundaries in Paamese has posed something of a problem. The difficulties relate to serial verb constructions, the status of the transitivising suffix on verbs, and a number of compounded forms. If speakers of Paamese themselves were entirely consistent in recognising word boundaries in writing their language, this would have made the problem much easier to solve. Unfortunately however, this is not the case. Different speakers - and sometimes even the same speakers on different occasions - often write the same item variably as two separate words or as a single word.

Many intransitive verbs in Paamese can be transitivised by the addition of what appears in citation forms as the suffix -ni. An intransitive verb can also be followed by an oblique noun phrase marked by the preposition eni to express a meaning that is subtly different from the genuinely transitive verb construction (Crowley 1983 :277-278). However, because the preposition eni optionally attaches as a clitic (with the form -ni) to a preceding word (of any grammatical category), it is often difficult, in textual material, to be sure whether any particular instance of -ni should be treated as a cliticised form of eni, or as the transitivising suffix -ni. In this dictionary, all forms attested with final -ni are entered as transitive verbs, on the understanding that their real status is somewhat problematic, reflecting the fact that a grammatical reanalysis between cliticised prepositions and a transitive suffix seems to be in progress (Crowley 1983).

Serial verb constructions represent a particular problem in Paamese with respect to the recognition of word boundaries. Grammatically, serial verb constructions clearly involve quite separate items (Crowley 1987). In most instances, serial verb sequences are also clearly separate words phonologically, for example mum saIi 'invent' (from mum 'work' and saIi 'find out'), seWs laIau 'whisper' (from seWs 'speak' and lalau 'do without being heard'). However, in some instances, serial verb sequences are treated phonologically in Paamese as single items. Such phonological reanalysis seems to be somewhat idiosyncratic, and is apparently quite independent of both semantic and syntactic factors. In order to simplify matters, the convention in the present dictionary has been to write all serialised verbs as separate words, except in the following circumstances:

(i) Members of the following small set of transitive verbs having free forms and formally similar (but morphologically irregular) bound forms which never occur independently are not written as separate words. These bound forms only ever occur as the first item in a serial verb construction (and sometimes as the base of a reduplicated intransitive form): Free Form Serialised Form

lesi le- see vousi vou- carry ix

muasi mil- hit luvati luv- release muniti muni- burn rei ra- cut kahiti kah- make pudding

Thus, corresponding to lesi 'see' we find the serial constructions leliiti 'see in distance' (from liiti 'go outwards') and testili 'discover' (from stili 'find out'), as well as the reduplicated form lete 'look',based on the irregular bound root leo.

(ii) There is a fairly large set of transitive verbs which in their citation forms end in -ni but when they appear as the first element in a serial verb construction the -ni is absent: Free Form Serialised Form

soni so- throw rioni ri o- push sani sa- give votini voU- fmd vihini vihi- wind up sikani sika- put in sheath

Lacking the final -ni, these serialised forms have the appearance of intransitive roots, though they cannot be used as the sole verb in an intransitive sentence. Thus, corresponding to sani 'throw' we find forms such as saliiti 'throw out' (fromtiiti 'go outwards') and saruaini 'heap up' (from ruaini 'put together').

(iii) There are also some transitive verbs of the same shape, that is, ending in -ni in their citation forms, for which no related serial constructions are entered in this dictionary as all of the serial constructions in which they participate are both fully productive and completely predictable in meaning. Such verbs include the following: Free Form Serialised Form

saini sai blow away sieni sie- put inside

From these, we can derive (among others) the following serial verb constructions: sairasi 'unable to blow away' (from rasi 'unable to do') and sierev[ 'put inside properly' (from re v[ 'do properly'). Although sai- and sie function productively as roots in serial verb constructions, these forms do not appear as separate entries in this dictionary. In such cases, the separability of the final -ni is indicated by the insertion of a morpheme boundary in the statement of the underlying phonological forms of these verbs, for example, [sai-ni], [sie-ni].

4. WORD CLASSES

This dictionary is intended to be used in close reference to existing published materials by the present author on the grammar of Paamese. The word classes that are recognised follow those established in Crowley (1982; 1987). The grammatical category to which an item x belongs is indicated in this dictionary by the abbreviations listed below (in square brackets) immediately after the citation form. The page references to the right indicate the appropriate section in Crowley (1982), where the grammatical behaviour of each class of items is introduced. Other references are to information that is described in more detail in Crowley (1987): [adj] adjective p.73 [conj] conjunction/coordinator [desc] descriptive noun p.64 rind] indefmite nominal pp.59-60 [int] interjection pp.243-244 [intr] intransitive verb pp.70-72 [link] linked noun pp.66-67 [loc] location noun pp.61-62 [mod] modifier pp.74-76 [n] noun pp.60-61,64-65 [numvb] numeral verb p.72 [poss] possessive nominal p.60 [prj pronoun p.59 [prep] preposition p.74 [refl] reflexive verb p.70 [rel] relativeclause marker pp.99-100 [sintr] serialised intransitive verb Crowley (1987) [str] serialised transitive verb Crowley (1987) [suff] suffixed noun pp.65-66 [t] time noun pp.62-63 [tr] transitive verb pp.69-70

5. DIALECTS

5.1 NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN PAAMESE The Paamese recognise two broad dialect divisions among members of their speech community, those of the northern and the southern parts of the island. Northerners (basically,people from the villages of Luli,Tavie, Liro Nesa,Liro, Asuas and Voravor) are said to vit kotehei ('speak cut') the language, whereas southerners (people from all other villages of Paama, as well as Lopevi) are said to lehei ('pull') the language. These observations fairly accurately capture the fact that, in general, the southern dialect is phonologically more conservative, while the northern dialect has undergone a number of assimilatory changes,as well as segmental loss in many items. Items in this dictionary that are associated specificallywith the southerndialect are marked with (s) immediately after the word class specification,while items specifically associated with the northern dialect are marked with (n). Items with no such marking can be assumed to be in general use in all Paamese-speaking villages. Where northern and southern forms correspond regularly according to general phonological statements,information is provided under an entry for only the northern form, though there is a cross-reference to the corresponding southern form,for example: xi

raho [intr] (n) fat. In south: daho [tahoo] As there is a regular corespondence between northern initial r- and southern d-, there is no separate entry for southern Paamese daho. However, where southern fonns differ unpredictably from northern fonns, separate entries are provided, with appropriate cross references. Thus, the unpredictable difference in the vowels of the initial syllable of the word for 'woman's brother' is indicated as follows: manen [suff] (s) brother (of woman). In north: mooen [mano-] monen [suff] (n) brother (of woman). In south: manen [mono-] The northern dialect has been treated as the 'standard' in this dictionary over the southern dialect for two reasons. Although this is the minority dialect in terms of the number of speakers, it is this dialect in which Paamese hymns have been printed, and these hymns are known and sung in all Paamese villages (and even on southeast Ambrym). The northern village of Liro became the headquarters of the Presbyterian mission that was established in the early 1900s, and more recently, it has become the headquarters for the Paama Local Government Council. The second reason for giving more emphasis in this dictionary to the northern dialect has been a more practical one. My collaborator in the final checking of this dictionary, Joshua Mael, is himself from Asuas village, and he is a speaker of the northern dialect.l The regular correspondences that hold between northern and southern Paamese are described below: (i) There is a regular correspondence between the diphthongs ei and ou word initially and medially in the north and ai and au in the south. (Word finally, this correspondence is less systematic.) North South eih aih husking stick eim aim house heih haih pandanus heite haite fruit nangeis nengais when ouh auh yam out aut place soutin sautin distant oulu laulu seven Voum Vaum Paama (ii) There is a regular correspondence between verb-initial d- and g- in the south and northern r- and k- respectively: North South raho daho he/she/it is fat

1 It should be pointed out that the grammar of Paamese in Crowley (1982) was written with exclusive reference to the southern dialect. For purely practical reasons at the time, I had taken up residence in the southernvilla ge of Tahal Nesa, and became more fa miliar with the dialect of that area. X11

re hei dehei he/she/it cuts him/her/it keih gaih he/she/it is strong karali garaIi he/she/it span (iii) Underlying non-low vowels in reduplicated fonns in the north are deleted, while they are retained in the south. Thus: North South

munmun munumun drink motmot motimot fall down repeatedly matmat matemat die in large numbers kahkah gahokah break ground in garden

(iv) The phonological rule component of Paamese described in Crowley (1982:28- 43) contains an additional rule in the north which states that when two vowels come together after a consonant over a morpheme boundary,the initial vowel shifts to i. This additional rule produces correspondences such as the following between the two dialects: North South

tfmien tfmuen story verien veren noise mati en maten death lohlohien loholohoen race (v) There is a more complex set of correspondences involving reflexes of original *1. In the south,*! is retained intact, while this sound has undergone a number of changes in the north. This original sound was lost altogether in the following circumstances in the north: (a) Word initially before any vowel but i and u (except in verbs, where it has been retained throughout). (b) Word medially when there is another syllable following in the underlying fonnbetween any occurrences of the following pairs of vowels: a e e a e e

(c) In a finalunderlying syllable when it is both preceded and followed bye. Original *! has shifted to i in the north in the following circumstances: (a) Word medially between the following pairs of vowels: a a a 0 o a xiii

(b) In a final underlying syllable between the following pairs of vowels: a e a 0 o e o 0 In all other environments,that is,when there was any occurrence of i or u either before or after original *1, it has been retained intact in all areas of Paama.

The changes affecting *1 in the north are not restricted just to the villages of Tavie, Liro Nesa, Liro, Asuas, Voravor and Luli, but have also affected the central villages of Nau,Lulev, Tahi, Tevali and Nau,as well as the villages of neighbouring Lopevi (which otherwise exhibit southern rather than northern phonological features). These combinations of correspondences can therefore be found in modernPaamese: North Central South and Lopevi angoite angoite langoite branch eahon eahon leahon bush mae mae male unsweet mea mea mela get up oute aute laute leaf kea gea gela crawl rea dea dela burp tahe tahe tahel wave aia aia lala kind of bird avoi avoi avol mushroom amai amai amal reef ahai ahai ahal sprouting coconut An additional feature that distinguishesthe five northern villagesfrom the other villages is the existence in this dialect of two additional phonemes,the labiovelar fricative and nasal. Traditionally in Paamese,these are written � and ill respectively. These two phonemes have actually been ignored in this dictionary,as they appear to be losing ground in Paamese today. They are attested in only a relatively small number of words,and even in those words,there is always some variation between the labiovelar and the corresponding plain nasal. Only a minority of speakers in the northern villages make this distinction at all,and these tend to be older people anyway. For the record, those items in the north that are sometimes pronounced with labiovelars,and their corresponding plain fOnDS(in both the southern and northern dialects) are listed below: North South illeas/meas molas ashes illeatin/meatin molatin man illeahos/meahos molahos male illeakoi/meakoi molakol bachelor illaiI/maiI mail left-hand side xiv

affie/ame amol adult male time/time timol friend illis/mis mis cry roIb eite/romeite romeite top amite/amite lamulite body hair uihen/umen umen work �aiteh/vaiteh/voiteh vaiteh door �aila/vaila/voiIa vail a tracks �aimet/vaimet/voimet vaimet kind of insect �aiti r/ vai tir/voitir vaitir later on �akora/vakora/vokora vakora coconut shell � alia/valia/volia valia spider �eave/veave volavol cottonwood �en/ven ven sleeping place �eihat/veihat veihat coastal rocks �eien/veien veien beach �ite/vite vite smell a�e/ave ave drum tari�at/tarivat tarivat raft

For unsystematic and less frequently attested (but still repeated) differences between northern and southernPaamese, separate entries are provided,with cross-references linking both forms. Differences that fall into this category include the following: (i) Totally distinct lexical items in the northern and southern dialects, for example: North South mesau ai fish ato riou hermit crab ri ou riou holauai coconut crab vatimeai malou kava vau unaun mad person tinaiv titiau butter knife avetin mad sweat ai katiat al devil nettle (ii) Forms in which there is an occasional correspondence between the vowel a in the north and e in the south when the following syllable contains (or used to contain) the vowel a, for example: North South tounah tauneh thing atau letau woman rahas de has new moon nangeis nengais when ramat ramet too much nanganeh nenganeh yesterday xv

(iii) Forms in which an intervocalic r corresponds occasionally to d in the south, for example: North South

voras vod as dugong irou idou wild nutmeg rereite haredeite unfurled leaf rim idu native cucumber

(iv) Forms in which original sequences of *10, *al and *01 (where there was an underlying non-high vowel adjacent to the *1) have shifted in the central and northern villages to become e, for example:

North Central South andLo pevi

arne arne arnol adult male rneatin rneatin rnolatin man ehon ehon lohon child aek aek alok pudding eang eang alang wind ean ean alan weather

In addition to these phonological characteristics, there are also some grammatical features that differ according to the division between northern and southern Paamese. Those grammatical features that are distributed geographically in this way are listed below:

(i) There is variation in the northern villages between the forms -s, -h and -nges 'only', whereas in the south (including the central villages, as well as Lopevi), there is only the form -s (Crowley 1982: 231-232). At the same time, we find that there is an option in the northern dialect for vowels before these suffixes to shift to e. We therefore find correspondences such as the following: North South

Kornoules? Kornouleh? Kornaulis? Are you alright? Kornoulnges?

(ii) There is variation in the north between the perfective markers tuai and tai, whereas in the south, the perfective is marked invariably by tai (Crowley 1982: 224-226). (iii) The possessive nominal onen in its third person non-singular forms is morphologically regular in the north but irregular in the south, as shown by the following: North South

onen onen his/her/its onealu olalu their (dual) oneatel olatel their (paucal) one olel their (Plural) XVI

5.2 VARIABILITY AND DIALECT LEVELLING

As might be expected on an island less than ten by four kilometres there is constant daily contact between different villages and intermarriage between different villages, and many people work for extended periods in Vila and Santo. This has lead to some dialect levelling taking place in Paamese. The two major dialects recognised above are both somewhat variable systems. Neither of these systems can be described as being completely discrete,in that features of the other dialect are frequently found in the speech of different individuals froma particular village. This dialect levelling seems to be resulting in the elimination of many of those dialect features that are most distinctive, and which are regionally the least widespread. It has already been mentioned that the five northern villages are well on the way to having a phoneme inventory that is identical with that of the central and southern villages,with the labiovelars shifting to plain labials. There is considerable variation in the north between labiovelar and plain fricatives and nasals,but such variation is never encountered in the southern parts of the island,where only plain labials are found. The developments involving either the loss of *l, or its shift to i have already covered the northern and central villages,as well as Lopevi. These changes are also in the process of taking root in the south. The change appears to be working its way through the lexicon, producing optional variants among such everyday words as molatinlmeatin 'man' and melalmea 'get up'. Such variations produce no comment from listeners and are seen as being perfectly 'normal', there being no particular attachment to either of these forms as being 'ours' rather than 'theirs'. Less frequent words,however, are invariably pronounced in the south with the originall intact,though one could predict that it will not be very long before these words too begin to vary,as the change spreads throughout the entire lexicon. When these changes finally work themselves through,a significant phonological change will have affectedthe entire Paamese language. Some morphological features appear to be undergoing levelling in the same way. With respect to the subject-mood markers, for example, the form ri- 'Lpl.incl.distant' that is found only in the extreme southern villages is in fact only occasionally attested, and then with only very old speakers, and most speakers use the more widespread prefix re he-. Similarly,the exclusive realis prefixes in the south (i.e. malu- 'dual',matu- 'paucal' and ma 'plural') vary quite freely in the south between these forms and the forms used in the central villages (i.e. melu-, metu- and me- respectively). On the other hand,the reverse situation has not been observed,that is,speakers from the central and northern villages do not use prefix sets from the southern villages. Despite the fact that there is clear evidence of dialect levelling taking place in Paamese, there are nevertheless some features that have so far remained impervious to change. Distinctly different lexical items tend to remain unchanged,even when the alternative form from another dialect is known. The correspondence between ei and ai and between ou and au do not seem to be significantly changing their geographical distribution. In fact,when two people fromTahal Nesa (in the south) returnedhome after several months in Liro (in the north) and they had picked up the ei and ou diphthongs,it was suggested jokingly that they I should be 'tied together to the same post' as punishment. xvii

6. SENSE DEFINITIONS

Sense definitions in this dictionary are given by the nearest equivalent form with the same meaning in English, or sometimes by a set of English synonyms, or semantically closely related forms. Where an English equivalent is rare and not so likely to be familiar to speakers of Paamese, an English paraphrase is also sometimes provided. Extended senses of a word are indicated by numbers before each distinct sense.

Providing definitions for many words relating to different kinds of fish, shellfish, birds, trees, plants, yams, breadfruits, bananas and so on, has been problematic. Part of the problem is that - particularly with the names of bananas, yams and breadfruits - there areno established ways outside of Melanesian languages for talking about such things. The Paamese have a vast array of names for different types within a single scientifically recognised species. Yams, breadfruits and bananas, for example are often distinguished according to a variety of criteria, such as the shape of the tuber, the colour and texture of its edible flesh, and its taste. The same species of fish may have quite different names also at different stages of their growth.

With regard to other terms referring to flora and fauna, there is established scientific terminology, but one needs to have specialist knowledge in order to be able to use this with any degree of confidence. Using English names for such things can also be misleading, as the same name can refer to quite different species in different countries,in different localities, or even with different speakers. A 'Christmas tree', for instance, is the name most commonly used in English in Vanuatu to refer to what is in Australia called the poinciana. (It is called a 'Christmas tree' in Vanuatu because it produces brilliant red flowers just before Christmas.) With regard to the use of scientific terms, it should be pointed out that I am certainly not a specialist, nor even a moderately interested amateur. I therefore feel quite unable to argue strongly for some of the species identifications that I have made, and should warn users of this dictionary accordingly. For the information of the reader, my attempts at identification have come primarily from the following sources: BARNETT,Gary L., 1978, Handbookfor the collection offish names in Pacific languages. PL, D-14. CABALION, Pierre, 1984,'Les noms des plantes en bichelamar: origines, formations et determinations botaniques' . Journal de la Societe des Oceanistes 78: 107-120. CERNOHORSKY, Walter 0.,1978, Tropical Pacificmarine shells. Sydney: Pacific Publications. CROWLEY, Terry, 1990, An illustrated Bislama-English and English-Bislama dictionary. Port Vila, Vanuatu: Pacific Languages Unit and the Vanuatu Extension Centre, University of the South Pacific. GOWERS, Sheila, 1976, Some common trees of the New Hebrides and their vernacular names. Port Vila , Vanuatu: Education Department, British Residency. MAYR, Ernst,1945, Birds of the Southwest Pacific: afield guide to the birds of the area between Samoa, New Caledonia and Micronesia. New York: Macmillan. WILSON, Roberta and James Q. WILSON, 1985, Watching fi shes: life and behaviour on coral reefs . New York: Harper and Row. There remains, however, a regrettably large number of items that are identified in this dictionary by the familiar - if unsatisfactory -lexicographical device of 'kind of X'. xviii

7. USAGE

When a word is only used in a restricted range of contexts, this is indicated by means of one of the following abbreviations in italics immediately before the sense definition: obs. obsolete, and now usually replaced by some other item (often of Bislama origin) euph. euphemism SW. considered to be swearing, indecent, or otherwise to be avoided in public usage into intimate, only for use with children or with adults with whom one is very closely related sl. slang

8. EXEMPLIFICATION

Although this dictionary is intended for use in conjunction with published grammatical materials, an attempt has been made to exemplify as many items as possible. Paamese example sentences are given in italics, and are followed by a free translation into English. As far as possible, example sentences have been drawn fromrecorded examples of actual usage. Thus, example sentences come from people telling traditional stories, people talking about traditional activities and beliefs, and people talking about events in their lives of both a serious and humorous nature. Sentences are also drawn from people's conversation, ranging from the devout to the rather more profane. In those cases where textual materials did not readily provide an example of the use of particular words, speakers of Paamese have been asked to produce sentences to illustrate them. Emphasis has been given to providing example sentences for verbs rather than nouns, and for any item exhibiting any kind of semantic or structural feature that may not have been sufficiently highlighted within the entry itself.

9. CROSS-REFERENCES

There are cross-references to alternative forms of the same word, words of the same meaning, partial synonyms, forms derived by reduplication or prefixation, and component morphemes of complex items.

10. ETYMOLOGY AND SCOPE Whenever possible, the etymological origin of a word is indicated. Proto North-Central Vanuatu etyma come from Ross Clark's unpublished list of reconstructions. This dictionary also includes quite a number of words of Bislama origin. There are Paamese speakers who might object that these are not 'real' Paamese words. Potentially at least, one could say that the entire lexicon of Bislama c.an be used in Paamese (and there is no absolutely rigorous method by which the lexicon of Bislama can be completely separated fromthat of English or French either). I have only included words of Bislama origin in this dictionary if they meet any of the following conditions:

(i) If the word is no longer used in Bislama today, or if it has changed significantly in its form or its meaning since it was incorporated into Paamese. Thus, leto meaning 'truck' is included, because the original Bislama word loto (from xix

French ['auto) has been largely superceded by kamiong (from French cam ion). Similarly, the word sigom 'chewing gum' is included, because it has been borrowed on the basis of the older pronunciation in Bislama of jingom. Most speakers of Paamese when speaking Bislama today rather than Paamese would be likely to use the more modem anglicised pronunciation of juingam .

(ii) If the word has undergone some kind of unusual or unpredictable shift in meaning or form with its incorporation into the Paamese vocabulary. Thus, the word po/aua has been included, as it is used to refer not only to 'flour' but also to 'bread'. In modem Bislama, there is now a distinction between bred 'bread' and flaoa 'flour'.

(iii) If the word has come to be systematically used by all speakers of Paamese, in alternation with an original Paamese word, or ifit has come to completely replace an original Paamese word. Such words would include stik 'shark', kokoros 'cockroach' and kiras 'grass'.

I have also been more likely to include a word of Bislama origin if the Bislama word itself comes froma language other than English, or if the English etymon for a Bislama word is no longer immediately obvious. I have thus included words ultimately of French origin such as the following, all of which deceived the present writer for some time into thinking that they were indigenous Paamese words: pi marble (from French bille) pitar shooting marble (from French butteur) ponane New Yearcelebrations (from French bonne annee) liveri beggar (fromFrench Mere 'ex-convict') metai badge (from French medaille 'medal')

Also, a number of Paamese words that are ultimately of English origin have also been included if the English origin has been significantly obscured by changes in either the Paamese or the English in the intervening century since the word was borrowed. For instance, the English origin of the following escaped me until very recently, simply because the English word itself is little used nowadays, at least outside of nautical contexts: tot seat on canoe (from thwart) The total number of separate entries in the Paamese-English section of this dictionary comes to around 9,700. Many of these entries include subsidiary information about the main item, bringing the total number of separate pieces of information to well over 10,000.

11. DERIVEDFORMS

In order to minimise the amount of grammatical analysis that needs to be carried out by users of this dictionary in locating items, completely separate entries are provided for all distinct words, even if their initial roots may happen to be the same, for example, hishos 'banana that can be made into pudding' and histfsa 'banana that cannot be made into pudding'. Derivationally related items are indicated by means of cross-references to the forms from which they are derived. Thus, the entries just mentioned would be provided with cross-references to the roots ahis 'banana', hos 'good' and tfsa 'bad'. Separate entries are also provided for phrasal items such as ahOl sen mtiv 'kind of rock found on seabed' xx

(literally: 'rocksof the lizard') and serial verb groups such as selu.s lGlOO 'whisper' (literally: 'talk-do without being heard'). Idioms, on the other hand, are not entered separately, but are included after the main entry for the major lexical components of the idiom. Thus, the idiom seh ren 'bellow' (literally: 'open one's voice' ) will be found at the end of the entry for seha 'open'.

12. FINDERLIST The final section of this dictionary is a finderlist which is designed to help users locate a Paamese word or expression from its English equivalent. The finderlist contains reverse entries for as many pieces of information in the Paamese-English section as was practicable, but the amount of semantic and grammatical information that it contains is much more restricted. Readers are therefore advised, once having located one or more Paamese items in the finderlist, to check for fuller information on the meaning and behaviour of the items in the main part of the dictionary.

BIBLIOGRAPHY ANONYMOUS, n.d., Ta unaha ceile a mul en Bibel (Paama, New Hebrides). Glasgow: R.L. Allan and Son. BARNETT, Gary L., 1978, Handbookfor the collection of fish names in Pacific languages. PL, D-14. CABALION, Pierre, 1984, Les noms des plantes en bichelamar: origines, formations et determinations botaniques. Journalde la Societe des Oceanistes 78: 107-120. CLARK, Ross, n.d., Proto North-Central Vanuatu reconstructions and selected supporting evidence. MS. CROWLEY, Terry, 1980, Stories fr om Paama. Oral History 8/3. Port Moresby: Institute of Papua New Guinea Studies. 1982, The Paamese language of Vanuatu. PL. B-87. 1983, Development of a Paamese transitive suffix. In Amran Halim, Lois Carrington and S.A. Wurm, eds Papers fr om the Third International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, volA, 269-283. PL, C-77. 1987, Serial verbs in Paamese. Studies in Language 11/1 : 35-84. 1990,An illustrated Bislama-English and English-Bislama dictionary. Port Vila, Vanuatu: Pacific Languages Unit and the Vanuatu Extension Centre, University of the South Pacific. 1991, Linked nouns in Paamese: Grammatical iconicity in part-whole constructions. Language and Linguistics in Melanesia 22, 21-49. in press, Inalienable possession in Paamese grammar. To appear in Hilary Chappell and William MacGregor, eds The grammar of inalienability: a typological perspective on the part-whole relation. Empirical Approaches to Language Typology Series. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 2 vols. in press, Paamese. To appear in Darrell T. Tryon, ed. Comparative Austronesian dictionary: an introduction to Austronesian studies. Part 1,817-82 1. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. CROWLEY, Terry and Joshua MAEL, 1984, Tunuen telamun tenout Voum. Port Vila, Vanuatu: USP Centre, UPS. GOWERS, Sheila, 1976, Some common trees of the New Hebrides and their vernacular names. Port Vila, Vanuatu: Education Department, British Residency. MAYR, Ernst, 1945, Birds of the southwest Pacific : afield guide to the birds of the area between Samoa, New Caledonia and Micronesia. New York: Macmillan. RAY, S.H., 1926, Paama. In A comparative study of the Melanesian island languages, 311-329. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. WILSON, Roberta and James Q. WILSON, 1985, Watchingflshes: life and behaviour on coral reefs . New York: Harper and Row. TORRES \ ISLANDS It,

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xxi Crowley, T. A dictionary of Paamese. C-121, xxii + 268 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1992. DOI:10.15144/PL-C121.cover ©1992 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. PAAMESE-ENGLISH

Crowley, T. A dictionary of Paamese. C-121, xxii + 268 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1992. DOI:10.15144/PL-C121.1 ©1992 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative.

- A - ahai [n] (n) 1. sprouting coconut. 2. edible white pith inside sproutingcoconut. For derived forms see hai, e.g. matouhai. In aha [int] what do you think? Mane ooom south: ahal PNCV: *vara [ahai] tovuo? Aba! Have you got any money? What do you think?! [abaa] ahai [n] stingray (Family Dasyatididae) PNCV: *vaRi [ahaai] abennaCu [n] kindof yam [abermatuu] ahaI [n] (s) sprouting coconut. In north: ada ku [n] kindof sweet potato [adakue] ahai [ahale] adesa [n] kind of breadfruit [adesaa] ahan [suff] brain [ahaa-] mungol lein ahanlet someone really have it. M angol aeh (n) Only in uit aeh. In south: aloh lein ahiimok! I'm going to let you have it [aeho] now! aekl [n] (n) pudding (especially referring . ahangl [n] 1. fIre.Isei hesiluh ahang ? to pudding made out of yams). For denved Who will light a fIre? 2. lava (of volcano). forms see ok, e.g. okomes. In south: alok Keik kur ouveave heha en ahang, hevus. PNCV: *Ioqo [aeko] Take the cottonwood leaf to the lava and the eruption will be over. 3. hell. Kfha en aek2 [n] (n) flounder (Bothus Zunatus). In ahang! Go to hell! 4. light (for cigarette or south: alok [aeko] fIre).Kisan ahang. Give me a light. 5. sl. something really tremendous.Nales siooma aek3 [n] (n) someone who is drunk out of ta nanganeh, ahangvasf varei! I saw a really their mind. Keik komuni nanganeh kovf aek tremendous movie yesterday. Synonym: vasf varei. You were drunk out of your meten. 6. sparks; hot coals. Tavoles Zein mind when you were drinking yesterday. ahang vahti. Sweep the hot coals away. For Synonym: atan; meas. In south: al ok derived forms see hang, e.g. vulihang; [aeko] meneihang; hangol ou PNCV: *vaga [ahango] aek ouh [n] (n) pudding made out of yam. In south: alok auh [aeko ouhu] ahang2 [n] (n) kind of fish �ith bright colours which is caught at mght and WhICh. aet [n] (n) flat place. Mulamunout Voum can be eaten (but which can sometimes be vf moreout, vf aetva sf viirei, hou tovuo. poisonous). In south: iehang [ahango] Paama used to be a good place which was all flat and there were no hills. Synonym: ahang3 [n] kind of shellfish [ahango] ahol . In south: alet PNCV: *rata [aete] ahat [n] 1. stone; rock. 2. sl. money. Navit aev [n] (n) Only in luhi aev; uhia aev; mahtien holien ka ahat tovuo. I want to go makiaev. For derived forms see lev: only to the dance, but I've got no money. For in Ahilev; hiel ev; eil ev; ka lev; mual derived forms see hat: hathilhili; lev. In south: alev PNCV: *laba [aeve] hatmetai; hatules; ouha t; orelihat; vaneihat PNCV: *vaCu [ahatu] 001 [n] garden. Synonym: karen. For derived forms see ah, e.g. ahau. See: nab ahat sen may [n] kind of rock found in PNCV: *ara fence [aahe] clusters on seabed [ahatu se-ne maavi]

002 [n] kind of crab found on rocks ahau [n] new season's garden. Derived PNCV: *kave [aahe] from: 00; hau [ahe-haau] ahah [n] (s) 1. defective coconut that is abe [n] (n) limb (of body); arm; hand; leg; without flesh. 2. empty head. In north: foot. In south: ahel . For derived forms see aheah [ahaahe] he, e.g. kasihe; retalihe. See: hen [ahee] 4 aheah [n] (n) 1. defective coconut that is ahineli [n] daughter-in-law [ahinel ii] without flesh. 2. empty head. Vatum vf aheah. Your head is empty. In south: ahah ahing [n] 1. fungus growing on bark of [aheahe] treewhich kills the tree. 2. fungus that grows inside breadfruit pit and spoils ahel [n] (s) limb (of body); arm; hand; leg; breadfruit.A mumon arnel, alekat vetas ke foot. In north: ahe [ahele] keih, munak koan ke merameraus kei vita mul rali, kei sakin ahing. When making a ahi 1 [n] obs. pawpaw. Synonym: sen ahi; breadfruit pit, you should only look for sedero; veta sen ahi; vovo [ahii] hard kinds of breadfru it and not soft ones, because if you put soft ones in,it causes ahi2 [n] Malay apple (Syzygium fungus. [ahinge] malaccensis and Syzygium ricchi). For derived forms see hie: hiematou; ahis1 [n] banana. Synonym: avoi. For hiemaso; hielev PNCV: *kavika [ahie] deri ved forms see his, e.g. histisa; hishos; nathis PNCV: *vizi [ahisi] Ahi [n] God. Ahi tarnemai kotahosivis kotahosimok. God our Father, you are so ahis2 [n] ringworm. For derived forms see very very good . [ahii] his, e.g. histisa [ahisi] ahil1 [n] lightning (especially sheet ahis3 [n] 1. ri fle. 2. bow. Synonym: lightning rather than fork lightning) PNCV: hisuput. 3. name of handstri ng figure. For *vila [ahile] derived forms see his, e.g. hisuput; uehis PNCV: *vusu [ahisu] ahil2 [n] hair. A sauf ka ahil houlu mul en atan. He had his hair cut and there was a lot ahis ten atas [n] spear gun. K ei kur ahis of hair on the ground. For derived forms ten atas vit vaha vanu. He got his spear gun see hil, e.g. hiIlangis; tohilsesah; to go diving. [ahisu teni atasi] ratahil; ritilihil. See: hilin [ahilu] ahitai [ind] (n) six. Tavulai keil aruvaatau AhBev [n] almighty God. Derived from: ahitai. People from Tavulai shot six women. ahi; aev [ahii-leve] In south: lahitai [ahitaai] ahin [n] 1. woman. 2. female. Lukur ehon aho [n] 1. window. Kitf outek hehf aho onealu elu, ahin ta ka meahos tao They had teni. Nail this place to become the window. two children, one female and one male. 3. 2. space [ahoo] wife. N avit mahfta mason hUk ka ahin onak visenau. I wanted to go fishing, but my ahoi [n] (n) 1. girlfriend; boyfri end. 2. wife called me. Synonym: ason; atau; fiancee; fiance. In south: ahol [ahoi] tovuli 4. sissy; male who is frightened or incompetent. Keik kometau en asa? Kovf ahol 1 [n] flat place. Narangosa vareivo ahin varei! What are you frightened of? namaen mariaholke heitamen. I climbed You are a real sissy. Synonym: atau ri ght up until I came to a very big flatarea. PNCV: *vavine [ahine] Synonym: aet [aholi] ahin Lovu [n] kind of cr ab found on ahoJ2 [n] (s) girlfriend. In north: ahoi rock s. Ehon kei/u min ahinali lumiisil veihat [ahole] lumul luruv ahin Lovu keil. The boy and his sister were going along the rocks shooting abon [n] (n) plantar wart. In south: labon rock crabs. [ahine lovue] [aahono] abon kani have a plantar wart. ahinali [suff] sister (of male). Ehon keilu ahos [n] 1. native almond which is flat ahinaliluros teim . The boy and his sister (with two or four com ers, rather than the stayed at home. PNCV: *vavine [ahino-] usual three). 2. [of baby] flat-headed. Ehon 5 koon vatin vopa, akileaavahiteni avahit ai takan en] (n) weapon. Synonym: ai vatin vfahos. It is possible to say that a tisa. In south: ai tekan. Derived from: baby's head is ahos if its head is flat. [ahosi] karl [aai ta-kaane] ahou en] hoe. M etlah ahou, tem ka tounah ai tisa en] weapon. Tounah koon akilea vasfkeil ten umen en iih. We brought the avahueni vuol akileaavouas meatin eni, hoe, the axe and all of the things for garden avise en iii tfsa. Things that can be used for work. [ahou] fightingor killing people are called ai tisa. Synonym: ai takan [aai tiisaa] ahoung en] trap made of pawpaw leaves and coconutfibre (for catching birds and ai veave en] cross; crucifix. Iesu Kristo flying foxes) [ahounge] mat en iii veave. Jesus Christ died on the cross. [aai veavee] ahu en] turtle. For derived forms see hue, e.g. huelauveta PNCV: *?avua [ahue] aia en] (n) kind of bird similar to incubator bird having red head. In south: lala [aaiaa] ahui en] grey sponge coral (which has appearance of rock and which usually aial en] kind of tree [aiale] protrudes almost to surface, providing resting place for swimmers) [ahui] aian en] 1. iron; steel; metal. 2. clothes iron. 3. cooking or barbecue plate. 4. metal bars ahus en] green coconut with no flesh and for resting saucepan or kettle over fireplace. juice that is tasteless. Ani koonik vf ahus, Synonym: eikot. Bislama: aeon [aiane] rokiisteivarei. This coconut has no flesh, it's not sweet at all. For derived forms see ailah Only in tavoi ailah [ailahe] hus, e.g. voihus; suhus [ahuse] aimiel en] (s) Java cedar (Bischoffia ai l en] (n) trochus. In south: al PNCV: javanica). In north: eimie [aimiele] *lala [ail aiou [loc] (n) 1. t% n the shore (rather than ai2 en] fish. For derived forms see ie, e.g. somewhere inland). 2. t% n the beach. ietisa; iekOn; iehang; iemol. In north Variant of: eau. In south: alau [aiou] also: mesau PNCV: *ika [aie] ais en] ice. Bislama: aes [aise] ail en] 1. tree. 2. wood. 3. stick. 4. sl. penis. Synonym: hopu; maripu 5. aiuet en] (s) bamboo knife used for cutting crutches. Synonym: eisal. 6. chopsticks. breadfruit. Variant of: auet. In north: eiuet For derived forms see ai, e.g. heiai; ouai; [aiueti] eiai; teiai PNCV: *kayu [aai] akai en] (n) 1. green lizard (Emoia ai2 en] (n) devil nettle (Dendrocnide sanfordii). 2. person from Pentecost (so called because they have a reputation for ai katiat. al species). Synonym: In south: akaJ PNCV: *kara [aaJe] ai kati be stung by eating green lizards). In south: [akai] devil nettle. akaJl en] (s) 1. green lizard (Emoia ai katiat en] devil nettle (Dendrocnide sanfordii). 2. person from Pentecost (so species). Kilekat iiikatiat keisom. Watch out called because they have a reputation for for the devil nettle over there. Synonym: ai eating green lizards). In north: akai [akaJo] [aai katiati] akaJ2en] (s) kind of fish similar to mullet ai sen vaeng en] (n) kind of tree. In which lies on sand, 15-30 em in length and south: ai sen valeng [aai se-ne vaenge] silver in colour, sometimes with stripe along body. In north: may [akalo] 6 akek [loc] there (away from bot h speaker a1eal en] gentle slope [ale-ale] and hea rer). Kei akek l There he is! [akeeke] a1ehis en] centipede [alehise] aki [n] dolphin PNCV: *qio [akio] a1ehis ten atas en] worms which glow in akok [n] kind of suga rcane similar to sea at night when ship cu ts throu gh waves voinga, having white fibre and st raight lines [alehise teni at asi] on skin [aakoke] a1ei l en] place in bu sh for feeding chi ckens akol [n] sores on head [akoli] [alei] akor [n] trap for catching wild chickens a1ei2 en] celebration; party. Synonym: (made out of wild cane) [akoro] lapet [alei] akuk [n] 1. ru dderfish (Kyphosis a1en [su ff] lower leg. A ran vuas v6 mas, cinerascens). 2. Wallisian person (so-called kei vous alen tiivii. They bakedth e pig, and because of their tendency to eat a lot and when it was cooked,he took one of it s develop large st omachs simila r to the lower legs. PNCV: *Ie- [alo-] ru dderfish)[aku ke] a1hoaho en] (s) st inging grass. Derived aI [n] (s) trochu s. In north: ai [ale] from: ill [ale-hoa-hoo] ill [n] (s) devil nettle (Dendrocnide species). ali en] kind of plant wit h red flowers [alie] For derived forms see al : alhoaho; alvati; a1katiat. In north: ai; ai katiat [aale] a1ialini [str] shake. Nakuvi alialin vatuk. I shook my head. See: kuvi a1ialini; ala [n] 1. sail. 2. kind of breadfruit (so kalialini [alialiini] called becau se it was first plant ed from a seed dropped ont o the sail of a canoe by a a1ikol en] methylated spirits. Bislama: alkol flying fox) PNCV: *Iaya [alaa] (from French alcoo/) [alikole] a1ak [n] kind of tree used for making a1katiat en] (s) tinea. Derived from: a1; outriggerpoles. For derived forms see lak, katiat [alekat iat i] e. g. heiIak PNCV: *Iaqu [alako] a1manak en] calendar. Bislama: almanak alan [n] (s) weat her. In north: ean [alani] (fromEn glish almanac) [almanake] a1angl [n] (s) 1. wind. 2. st at ic on radio. In a10 en] kind of breadfruit [aloo] nort h: eang [alangi] a10hl en] (n) tooth. For derived forms see a1ang2 [n] (s) fly. In nort h: eang [alango] loh: lohmah; katiIoh. In south: aluh. See: lohon [aloho] alas en] (s) kind of tree wit h edible leaf (Polyscias scutellaria). For derived forms aloh2 en] (s) Only in wt a1oh. In north: see las: lasvangeru; lasinga. In north: aeh [aloho] lelas [alaso] a10k en] (s) pu dding. In north: aek [aloko] a1aul [n] (s) dr agon plu m. In north: eau [alau] alovanei en] (s) very strong su n with st ill air during periods when volcano is putting a1au2 [loc] (s) 1. t% n the shore (rather ou t ash (which causes skin to bum ). In than somewhere inland). 2. t% n the beach. north: eai sisil. Derived from: eal; vanei In nort h: eau; aiou [alau ] [alovanei] 7

alu En] earthquake. Variant of: alumul aman En] 1. bird. 2. plane. For derived PNCV: *ruru[aluu] forms see man, e.g. mantedas; mantai PNCV: *manu [amanu] alual En] essence; life force. Tovuli viteni min ehon vit "Tamali nartilein aluallines aman ten atas En] any kind of seabird. va". The old woman said to the boy "I have Synonym: mantedas [amanu teni atasi] cut out your brother's life force". [alu-alu] amarul En] conch shell. Amul amah aI uen [suff] nape of neck [aaluo-] amant. They are blowing the conch shell. [amarue] aluh En] (s) tooth. In north: aloh. See: luhen [aluho] amaru2 En] kind of wild yam [amarue]

alum En] fIrecoral (with the appearance of amas En] 1. time of abundance. 2. place fern leaves) [alume] with many things to eat. See: mas PNCV: *masu [amasu] alumul En] earthquake. Kitaengon alum ul, vanei vamea Uk . When you feel an amat En] tide. Amatmu l memes. The tide is earthquake, that's when the volcano will going out. For derived forms see mat, e.g. appear. Variant of: al u [alumule] matrnes; matfJ; heimat PNCV: *ma?ati [amati] alv ati En] (s) devil nettle with very painful and long-lasting sting. Derived from: 31; arnel En] (n) 1. adult married man in avati [ale-vatio] village. A me keil amules veah ase/as niimal. The men are still talking in the meeting arna [intr] come (upwards/ uphill). house. Synonym: tata. 2. larrikin; young Irregular singular imperative of rna [amaa] man who acts tough. A me auvtiris tai avalekat me-Tongoa keil. The larrikins have amail [intr] come. Irregular singular gone back to look for the Tongoans. imperative of mai [amai] Synonym: vale h. For derived forms see me, e.g. rnes av; mematu; me-Liro; rne arnai2 En] (n) 1. hunger. M eatin keil houlu Vourn. In south: arnol PNCV: *rnwera auvin en amai.Many people died from [amee] hunger. 2. famine; food shortage. In south: amal ; hol au PNCV: *maro [amai] amai ame2 En] tongue. See: men[amee] kati be hungry. A mai kat keilu, luvit luvan ah mul ruva. They were hungry and they ame3 En] (n) dove. In south: arnol [amee] wanted to eat the crabs that he was shooting. amai muasi be hungry. arne4 En] (n) preserved breadfruit stored in pit for times of hardship. In south: arnel amaP En] (n) reef. In south: amal PNCV: PNCV: *mara [amee] *mwalo coral head [amai] arnel En] (s) preserved breadfruit storedin amall En] (s) hunger. Synonym: hoI au . In pit for times of hardship. In north: arne north: amai [amalo] [amele]

amal2 En] (s) reef. In north: amai [amalo] amen lint] amen. See: kul amen. Bislama: amen [aamene] amal En] 1. meeting house. 2. clan. Synonym: us iteim; heimal; vatiteim; ameng En] 1. dumb person (i.e. who is vatiamal. See: namal PNCV: *kamali unable to speak). 2. stutterer. Kei selas vi [aamali] ameng. He stutters. Synonym: mengrneng [amenge] 8 arnet [n] 1. eye. 2. sticky beak; somebody introduced to the island.) Reingeingeni vit who pays too much attention to other kei ttis r6 noutenek, ka amotttimun r6 en people's business. A metemau! You sticky valengeihat ta netan. He didn't know, and he beak! For derived form see met, e.g. thought that he was on his own there, but methatetemen; metlualu. See: meten there was a snake as well living in a cave [amete] below. Synonym: tetal PNCV: *mwata [amoti] amimeten [suff] (n) 1. eyebrow. 2. eyelash. In south: lamulimeten. Derived amuker [n] (n) scabies. In south: keraker from: amite; meten [arni-meto-] [amukere] amion [suff] (n) sw. male pubic hair. In anwr En] body fat. Nakan vis amur, amur south: lamuIion. Derived from: amIte; on meramerausomok, ka nalesi amurkeih [arni-oo-] vareis. I tasted the fat; fat is soft, but it seemed that the fat was very tough. PNCV: amlta [intr] corne (downwards/ downhill). *muta [amure] Irregular singular imperative of mila. [arniitaa] amus En] 1. dirt; filth (on body). 2. dandruff [amusi] amitan [suff] (n) hair around anus. Keik koroviteimun ehon, amitam partai l You're an En] (s) 1. coldness. An haulu kosa. It is not a child any more, the hair around your very cold today. 2. fever. 3. malaria. In anus is already overgrown! In south: north: anni [ani] lamuIitan. Derived from: amIte; tan [arni-taa-] an [poss] 1. his; her; its (edible). vuas watel pork for us to eat. 2. his; her; its amite [link] (n) body hair (found anywhere (characteristic). Kokur out an isei? Who did on the face or body apart from the head). In you get your lice off? 3. his; her; its south: lamulfte [ami-] (benefactive). Am iii kek! This is the stick I'm going to hit you with! [aa-] amiveasen [suff] (n) 1. beard. PapaNoel amivetisen houlu. Father Christmas has a ana [n] face. For derived forms see 113, e.g. big beard. 2. barbel of fish. In south: navu; nato. See: nan [anaa] lamuIivelasen. Derived from: amite; veasen [ami -veaaso-] anam [n] mosquito PNCV: *namuki [anamu] amiviIen [suff] (n) sw. female pubic hair. In south: lamulivilen. Derived from: anas [n] mullet (Family Mugilidae) PNCV: amite; vilen [ami-vilo-] *kanase [anase] arnol ! En] orange. For derived forms see anat [n] red silkwood (Burckella obovata). mol : moltfsa; iemol PNCV: *mwoli For derived forms see nat, e.g. natholela [amoli] [anatu] arnol2 En] (s) adult married man in village. anatin [adj] true; real. Namudemi navit In north: ame [amole] Papa Noel vi anatin varei, ka kosa nakilea ke VI mama keilu tiita luling presen keil. I arnol3 En] (s) dove. In north : ame [amole] used to think that Father Christmas was real, but now I know that it was my mother arnol usa [n] bitter orange (Citrus and father who left the presents. See: kul macropter). Synonym: rnoltfsa [amoli anatineni [anatine] tiisaa] anatinien En] (n) truth. Tas Votat vir 'Inau arnot [n] obs. snake. (Snakes are not found navi sise ka anatinien'. The Bible says 'I am on Paama, and are reported to die if 9

the way and the truth'. In south: anatinen. ani en an vuas en] manioc; cassava. Derived from: anatin [anatine-ene] Synonym: maniok [ani-ene aa-ne vuasi]

anau Only in sisi anau [an au] anivul [n] shivering spell [anivule]. anivul kati have a shivering spell. aneani [n] soft white flesh of green coconut. Derived from: aneite; ani [ane anmarei [n] kind of breadfruit with soft anii] flesh [anmarei]

aneite [link] 1. edible part of something. anmaril [n] needlefish (Family Lwnun ani v6 mul, leheisein aneite? When Hemirhamphidae) [anmarilu] they had drunk the coconut, what were they going to do about the flesh? 2. contents of anmaril ten vongien [n] barracuda something. 3. meaning. aneselasien (Sphyraena barracuda) [anmarilu teni meaning of word. 4. blade of cutting vongiene] implement. aneauknife blade. [ane-] anmaulang Only in oha anmaulang anel [n] kind of plant [anelu] [anmaulangi]

aneraOO [n] spear with single point. anni en] (n) 1. coldness. A nni houlu kosa. Derived from: aneite; raOO [ane-raa-taai] It's very cold today. 2. fever. 3. malaria. In south: an [annii] anni kati be cold. A nni Anes en] Epi. Synonym: Liman [anese] katinau viirei.I am very cold.

anev [n] 1. deep part of sea. Synonyms: antahos en] (n) fine weather. Variant of: huinev; angol; ngoIiamai ; anhos. In south: lantahos. Derived from: ngolngoIiamai. 2. underwater. A hu ean; tahos [ani-tahosi] ro viitei val vasf out vahfta en anev , r6s mue keilesuk en veihae. Turtles don't go all the antisa en] (n) stormy weather. In south: way underwater, but they just swim around lantisa. Derived from: ean; tisa [ani near the surface. Siikrang ridunaunavf ta tiisaa] viirei en anev ten atas. The shark tipped me right over underwater. 3. sea that is not too anu en] 1. cloth or blanket used to carry deep (where, for example, the bottom can newly born baby; blanket for newly born be reached by diving). For derived forms baby. Tovuli lah nunu mon titfte vite vokasi. see nev, e.g. huinev; voteinev [aneve] The old lady brought the baby's blanket to wash it. 2. nest. 3. place where animal gives anhos en] (n) fine weather. Variant of: birth. Synonym: nfInu. For derived forms antahos. In south: lanihos. Derived from: see nfl, e.g. nflvuas; nflhon PNCV: ean; hos [ani-hosi] *nuku [anuu]

ani en] 1. green coconut with soft flesh and anUs en] kind of breadfruit [anuuse] juice that is sweet. 2. water of green coconut. Kiromudei ani? Would you like a anUs aet en] (n) kind of breadfruit. In drink of coconut water? For derived forms south: anUs alet [anuuse aete] see ni , e.g. voini PNCV: *niu [anii] anUs atin [n] kind of breadfruit [anuuse anien en] 1. food. 2. meal. 3. staple part of atinu] meal (as against the meat and the vegetables). 4. feast. A mul amUmon anien angile en] (s) kind of fish with stripes and tii niima/. They are making a feast in the spotted tail and fins. In north: kukiang meeting house. Derived from: kani PNCV: [angilee] *kani-ana [ani-ene] ango en] mouth. See: ongon [angoo] 10

angoiah [n] (n) branched coral. In south: ara2 [n] wild lychee (Pometia pinnata). For langoiah [angoiahe] derived forms see ra, e.g. ratoak; ravobong PNCV: *dau [araa] angoisil [n] (n) leafless tree. In south: langoisil. Derived from: angoite; as il am sen metaio [n] (n) Chinese lychee [ango-i-silu] (Litchi chinensis). In south: ara sen metiilo [araa se-ne metaaioo] angoite [link] (n) larger branches of tree. Viivu l koteh angoiai tai. He went and broke araling [n] ear. For derived forms see off a branch of a tree. In south: langoite raling, e.g. ralingka; ralingvutvut. See: [ango-] ralingen [aralinge]

angoll en] 1. new coconut with soft flesh aram [n] kind of tree [arami] which can be eaten and which has no water. Synonym: ngolimatou. 2. cartilage. are [n] (n) Indian coral tree (Erythrina Synonym: hatiimtfJr. For derived forms species). In south: arel PNCV: *rara see ngoli, e.g. ngolimatou PNCV: *goli [aree] shootof plant [angoli] arel [n] (s) Indian coral tree. In north: are angol2 [n] deep part of sea. Synonyms: [arele] anev; huinev; ngoliamai; ngolngoliamai [angoli] arem [n] kind of tree [areme]

angolomus [n] (n) kind of yam. In south: arengI [n] perfume tree (Cananga odorata) langolomus [angolomusi] [arenge]

angolul [n] (n) blowfly. In south: areng2 [n] green palm lorikeet (Vini langolu. See: eang [ango-luu] pafmarum) [arenge]

angolu2 [n] (n) kind of wild yam with ariko [n] 1. bean. 2. sf. French language. hard flesh that is sticky to eat. In south: K ei sefusis en ariko. He only speaks langolu [angoluu] French. Bislama: ariko (fromFrench haricot) [arikoo] kan ariko sf. speak angriril [n] (n) whirlwind. Derived from: French. Kei kan ariko viirei. He really eang; riril. In south: langriril [angi speaks French. ririlu] aroeite [link] (n) 1. handle. aro eteai axe angii [n] (n) hurricane; cyclone. In south: handle. Synonym: eite; apak; avak. 2. [of langii. Derived from: eang; mii [angi-ue] leaf or fruit] stem; stalk aro ev6vo stalk of pawpaw. In south: aroaite [aroe-] apak [n] handle. Variant of: avak. Synonym: aroeite; eite [apake] aroesUsu [n] nipple. Derived from aroeite; sUsU [aroe-suusuu] apil [n] 1. dry breadfruit sap. 2. traditional glue made out of sticky sap. 3. glue. See: arom [n] edible young breadfruit leaf. kapil; pil kati ; vipil PNCV: *bulu Synonym: husiveta [arome] [apilu] arong [n] 1. mat made out of coconut amI [n] 1. blood. Tfmevai muf sakini suval fronds. 2. presentation of mats by man's ara. The timevaiwould cause it to be like sister when he marries. For derived forms blood. 2. wine (usually red wine). For see rong, e.g. rongmaeh; rongtoman derived forms see ra: matoum; asera; [arongi] haora. See: ran [araa] 11 am [n] wind blowing from between asen [suff] (n) sw. 1. penis. Synonym: on; Malakula and Epi (i.e. southwest wind) oa. 2. male genitalia in general. In south: [arue] lasen PNCV: *Iaso [aso-] asen katiat [of males] horny. aruali [n] wind blowing from the Lopevi side of Epi (i.e. southeast wind) [arualii] asen vares [n] (n) name of handstring figure. In south: lasen vares [ase-ne aruaru [n] 1. decoration wornaround neck varese] during dance. 2. tassles on weaving [aru aruu] asera [n] kind of Tahitian chestnut with red skin. Derived from: eas; ara[ase-raa] ami [n] earwax PNCV: *duli [aruli] aseru [n] (n) sw. large penis. Synonym: arum [n] bilge water; water in bottom of oru. In south: laseru. Derived from: asen; canoe [arumi] ru [ase-ruu] as [n] black ant with painful burning sting asetev [n] (n) sw. swollen penis. PNCV: *kadi [aasi] Synonym: otev. In south: lasetev. Derived from:asen; mutev [ase-tevi] as monoum [n] (n) bile sac in crab (to be removed before cooking). In south: as asheisil [n] (n) kind of Tahitian chestnut. mon laum [aasi mo-ne oumo] In south: ashaisil. Derived from: eas; heisil [ase-heisile] as-Tevaliout [n] kind of Tahitian chestnut. Derived from: eas; Tevaliout ashoev [n] (n) kind of Tahitian chestnut [ase-tevaliou te] with large fruit. In south: asholev. Derived from: eas; hoev [ase-hoeve] asa [n] 1. what? 2. which? 3. what kind of? For derived forms see sa, e.g. vetasa; asi1 [n] bone. See: sin [asii] aniensa PNCV: *sava [asaa] asi ten 3V [n] shin. Synonym: haroma asal [n] small sea urchin which contains [asii terri aavi] liquid that can be drunk [asalu] asi2 [n] white-collared kingfisher (Halcyon asehos [n] kind of Tahitian chestnut. chloris) PNCV: *siko [asio] A vong tii,eas mu l rekou, easenek V! asehos, eas koanke tahos. Once, the asil [n] 1. mast (of canoe, ship). 2. Tahitian chestnuts were in season, and that unfurled frond of coconut tree thatis chestnut was an asehos, or a good kind of pointing straight up in the air at the top of chestnut. Derived from: eas; hos [ase the tree. 3. centraltrunk of tree that grows hosi] straight upwards. 4. antenna (of radio). For derived forms see sil, e.g. angoisil; aselet [n] kind of Tahitian chestnut. holengeisil [asilu] Derived from: eas [ase-Ieto] asilat [n] worm PNCV: *asulati [asilati] asem [n] 1. outrigger. Naviles re v! asem, nales marisiik emai viireis ven vakili onak. asite [link] (n) smaller branch. asiiii smaller When I turned the outrigger round just branches of tree. Synonym: atte. In south: right, I saw a very big shark coming lasite [asi-] straightfor my canoe. 2. port side of canoe PNCV: *zama [aseme] asem muka [of asmobong [n] (s) kind of Tahitian canoe] capsize asem kuv [of canoe] chestnut. In north: asvobong. Derived capsize. from: eas; mobong [ase-mobongo] 12 ason [suff] 1. husband. Synonym: asvaleh [n] kind of Tahitian chestnut. meatin. 2. wife. A son vasi ehon elu, Derived from: eas; valeh [ase-vaalehe] meahos ta.ka ahinta.. His wife had two children, one male and one female. asvoali [n] kind of Tahitian chestnut. Synonym: tovuli; atau; ahin; ason koa Derived from: eas [ase-voalii] atau PNCV: *soa [asoo-] asvobong [n] (n) kind of Tahitian asonavati [n] name of star close to moon chestnut. In south: asmobong. Derived [asoo-ne avatio] from: eas; vobong [ase-vobongo] ason koa atau [n] (n) wife. Synonym: asvongolingol [n] (s) kind of Tahitian tovuli; atau; ahin; ason. In south: ason chestnut. Derived from: eas [ase-vangoli koa letau [asoo-ne koaa atau] ngoli] ason koa tornan [n] husband. Synonym: at [conj] obs. and. A hi san natnali tas keke meatin [asoo-ne koaa tomane] isei keke hedem kati heromattei, at hekur moulien llses. God sent his only son so that asou [n] kind of tree (Cerbera odol/am). whoever believed in him would not die, and For derived forms see sou, e.g. soumalik would receive eternal life. Synonym: ka [asou] [ati] asout [n] kind of Tahitian chestnut. ata [n] faeces; excrement. Vatin vi atas. His Derived from: eas; out rase-ute] head was nothing but excrement. For derived forms see ta, e.g. tametau. See: astovuli [n] kind of Tahitian chestnut. tan [ataa] Derived from: eas; tovuli [ase-tovulii] ata matu [n] excrement of important asul [n] 1. rat. 2. mouse PNCV: *kasuve person [ataa matuu] [asue] atah [n] starboard side of canoe PNCV: asul [n] eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari). In *katae [aatahe] south: manon [asue] atahas l [n] 1. sow. Meatin ta.ro vengan asu3 [n] kind of breadfruit [asue] vuas esen keil, ka atahas esen vange. One man reared his pigs, and his sow conceived. asu4 [n] (s) nut that has gone soggy inside. 2. bitch. 3. female of any animal. 4. In north: siisu [asuu] bulldozer (so-called because it pushes the ground in front of it like a pig rooting asupoten [poss] (n) 1. tail. Synonym: around for food). Synonym: bill [atahasu] avuken; vatiken; ken. In south: vatiken; kasipoten. 2. banana flower atahas2 [n] kind of shellfish (Drupa [asupote-] elegans) [atahasu] asuv [n] 1. chief. 2. boss. Asuv onak atahe [n] kind of vine used to make string tenout Tongoa. My boss is from Tongoa. of bow [atahee] For derived forms see suv, e.g. suvtoto PNCV: *subwe big man/ graded society atan [n] 1. ground. 2. dirt; soil. 3. land; [asuvo] territory. 4. sl. somebody who is drunk out of their mind. Synonym: aek; meas. For asuv houlu [n] (n) paramount chief. derived forms see tan, e.g. tanmelmel; Selusien rokolasuv houlu tenout Takeas. tanhilhili; tanmalik; tanvolvol; Word reached the paramount chief at meteitan; horotan. See: netan; dan Takeas. Synonym: suvtoto. In south: PNCV: *tano [atano] asuv haulu [asuvo houlu] 13 atas [n] 1. sea. A tas tahos vareis kosa. The at02 [n] (n) hermit crab (Coenobitidae). In sea is very good today. 2. saltwater. 3. obs. south: riou PNCV: *katou [atoo] salt. 4. place across the sea; island other than Paama. M eatin keil amul aka enatas at03 [n] kind of tree with sap which stings aumai enout Voum amulvf sein fro People PNCV: *tora [ato] came from other islands to Paama to teach us. See: das. For derived forms see tas, atoh [n] 1. belt. 2. strap. 3. vine tied around e.g. tasioh; tasivo; tasvipilit; top of canoe to keep the water from coming helhelaitas; voitas; kokohitas PNCV: in. Variant of: atuh [atuhe] *tasi [atasi] vous atas go surfing mukal atas dog-paddle. atong [n] mangrove. Kei musei va ut ka va verai en eiatong. He looked ashore but atas vipilit [n] totally calm sea. Vakili one couldn't see through the mangroves. romulohteimun, amules noutenek, vf atas PNCV: *togo [atongo] vipilit. Their canoe wouldn't sail any more, they just stayed there because it was a atouli [n] (n) 1. girl. A son vasi atouli tai, totally becalmed sea. Synonym: tasvipilit ehon tai. His wife gave birth to one girl and [atasi vi-pilitu] one boy. 2. young unmarried woman. Navit mahol ka atoulikeil tovuo. I feellike atau [n] (n) 1. woman. 2. wife. Synonym: dancing but there are no girls. In south: tovuli; ason; ahin. 3. sissy; male who is letauli [atoulii] frightened or incompetent. Ulum metaun asa, keik kovf ahin varei! What are you atte [link] (n) smaller branch asiai smaller afraid of, you're a real sissy! Synonym: branches of tree. Synonym: asite. In south: ahin. In south: letau [atau] latte [asi-] ateh [n] 1. sugarcane. 2. sugar. For derived atu1 [n] womb [atuu] forms see teh, e.g. tehi-Santo PNCV: *tovu [atehi] atu2 [n] kind of cone shell (Conus toreuma). Synonym: seivai [atuu] ateh mon rna[n] (n) kind of sugarcane with green skin and long thin sections atuh [n] 1. belt. Navong nauvaneim, kitali which is not suitable for drinking (said to katatuh onak. When I go inside, you hold be for the aia bird). In south: ateh mon tight onto my belt. 2. strap. 3. vine tied lala [atehi mo-ne aaiaa] around top of canoe to keep the water from coming in. Variant of: atoh [atuhe] ateli [n] 1. basket made out of pandanus leaves. 2. shoulder bag [atelii] atuv [n] 1. arrow. Taraonen vitoa atuv ten hisuput onen natnali. The father made his ateli ten slim [n] bra [atelii teni suusuu] son an arrow for his bow. Synonym: hopu; vatuei. 2. bullet. Synonym: volet atin [n] island cabbage (Abelmoschus PNCV: *tibwa blunt-tipped arrow for manihot). For derived forms see tin, e.g. shooting birds [atuvo] tin-Nou [atinu] atuva Only in inga atuva; tavoi atuva ating[n] hermaphrodite pig [atingo] [atuvaa] atis [n] implement with straight blade for atuvoi [n] (n) basket made out of coconut chipping wood [atise] leaves. In south: atuvol PNCV: *kato/* boral*bwolo [atuvoi] ato1 [n] chicken. For derived forms see to, e.g. toto man; tomeahos; toredan; atuvoi atau [n] (n) basket made out of tohilsesah; oreHto PNCV: *t07a [atoo] coconutleaves in which coconut frondis 14

bent more than once. In south: atuvol automan [n] reef knot. Derived from: au; letau [atuvoi atau] toman [au-tomane]

atuvoi heival [n] (n) kind of basket made auvan [n] loy a cane [auvane] out of coconut leaves. In south: atuvol haival [atuvoi heivali] auvi [n] kind of loya cane [auvii]

atuvoi toman [n] (n) basket made out of av [n] firewood PNCV: *avi/*kabu coconutleaves in which coconutfro nd is [aavi] bent once only. In south: atuvol toman [atuvoi tomane] avak [n] handle. Variant of: apak. Synonym: aroeite; eite [apake] atuvol [n] (s) basket made out of coconut leaves. In north: atuvoi [atuvolo] avanl [n] 1. necklace; neck chain. 2. armband PNCV: *bane [avani] aul [n] 1. vine. 2. rope. Synonym: voiau PNCV: *kaRo [aau] avan2 [n] kind of vine with thorns (which is used for tying together parts of canoe). 2. au2 [n] knot. For derived forms see au, rope used to tie parts of canoe together e.g. automan [aau] [avani]

au3 [n] kind of ea which is very tough avang [n] belly. For derived forms see [aau] yang, e.g. vangeru. See: yangon [avange] au ten ani [n] kind of vine used for pulling coconuts down from tree [aau teni avat [n] 1. head. MariavCllumau!What a anii] big head! 2. determination. Keik kovit kovalestei avat tenout Voum? Do you want aue [int] expression of surprise A ue! to see some Paamese determination? 3. Marimaveli! Oh, what a big lizard ! PNCV: leader. Kei VI avat min meteimal. He is the *auee [auee] leader of the village. For derived forms see vat, e.g. vatikeih; vatimah; kalialivat. auei [n] kind of yam with red flesh [auei] See: vatin [avatu]

auet [n] (s) bamboo knife for cutting avati l [n] 1. moon. 2. month. Namuseh breadruit. Variant of: aiuet. In north: eiuet avati ta viirei. I've got a whole month's [auete] leave. 3. celebration to end periodof mourning at first appearance of moon after auJetau [n] (s) granny knot. Derived from: a death. For derived forms see vati , e.g. au; letau [au-Ietau] a1vati PNCV: *kabatia [avatio] aumalou [n] kind of vine [aumalou] avati2 [n] kneecap. Synonym: uniavati; luheavati [avatio] aun [n] 1. cloth-like material fo und at crown of coconuttr ee. 2. Tannese person avati hau [n] next month [avatio haau] (so-called because· of their tall stature in comparison with the Paamese). A un keil avel [n] 1. drum used to summon people ip us vol kosa. The Tannese will play to hear public announcements. A suv mUGS football today. 3. coconut fibres. Synonym: ave namal. The chief beat the drum at the hingaun; hinimatou [aaune] meeting house. 2. bell (typically used to summon people to church) PNCV: *bwea auto [nJ kind of vine growing in gullies, slitgong [avee] which is used for making pig yards [au too] 15 ave2 [n] (n) kind of banana. In south: ave I avil [n] sw. vagina. For derived forms see [avee] vii, e.g. vileru; viletev; vilevo. See: vilen [avilo] ave3 [n] kind of bamboo [avee] avit [n] navel; belly button. See: viten avek [n] banyan tree (Ficus species). Kei [avito] soltil vakili onen enout Liro, en va1iavek. He put his canoe to sea at Liro, at the banyan avkeih [n] (n) 1. strong person. 2. pimple tree. For derived forms see vek: ouvek; which is tender and hard and has no head. Iivek; vekanu; vekahu PNCV: *baqa In south: avekaih. Derived from: aven; [aveke] keih [ave-keiho] aver [n] (s) kind of banana. In north: ave avrnah [n] (n) lazy. Synonym: taripeng; [avele] tarimah; sineal. In south: avernah. Derived from: aven; mah [ave-maahi] aven [suff] 1. body. Synonym: teiai. 2. any parts of the body. 3. euph. genitals; avoi 1 [n] spleen [avoi] privates. A hinali ro ka1 iii ka monali mul vilei ahang ka les aven ahinali. The girl was avoi2 [n] (n) 1. fungus growing on dry stepping down on the wood while her wood. 2. mushroom. 3. sl. banana. M iisein brother was rubbing the fires tick and he avoinga? What do you want me to do with saw his sister's privates. For derived forms the banana? Synonym: ahis. In south: avol see yen, e.g. usiven; uliven; manven; PNCV: *bwero [avoi] kahiven PNCV: *abe [ave-] avoka [n] avocado. Bislama: avoka (from avervato [n] kind of bird which is small, French avOCa1) [avokaa] black and white in colour, and which darts about PNCV: *baRi wood swallow avol [n] (s) 1. fu ngus growing on dry [avervatoo] wood. 2. mushroom. 3. sl. banana. Synonym: ahis. In north: avoi [avolo] avesilo [n] kind of breadfruit [avesiloo] avong1 [n] 1. day. A vong eha1 kito avet [n] 1. bed. 2. shelf. See: navet noutenek, kitaengon tounah tii Va1oh. When PNCV: *bata [avete] you have been there for fo ur days, you will hear something make a sudden noise. 2. avet Merika [n] mattress [avete merikaa] time (of day). A vong onom ehis? What time do you have? For derived forms see vong, avet ten matou [n] copra drier [avete teni e.g. vongikor; vulhuHvong. See: matou] navong PNCV: *bwogi night [avongi] rei avong settle on a time. A re i avong avetin [n] (n) sweat; perspiration. Derived vasuval visuvongik luva1etalihe. They from: aven; mutin. Synonym: mad; settled on a time so that the next day the two toeiven [ave-tinu] avetin kuri perspire; of them would get married. sweat. avong2 [n] powder ground from avi1 [n] wild cane. Synonym: heiei. For something that has been burnt. Titamolvit e derived forms see vi, e.g. viotoman; "Mehelah sfk meheoumoni heM avong" . violetau [avio] The lisefs ef said "Get my bones and burn them and make them into powder". [avongi] avi2 [n] kind of fish which is small and black [avio] avong3 [n] kind of tree [avongi] avi mavul [n] person who is so old that avong ehat [n] Thursday [avongi ehati] they can only stay at home [avio mavulu] 16 avong elu [n] Tuesday [avongi elue] mama, but she addressed her as her mother in-law. Synonym: avu tomahin; avong etel [n] Wednesday [avongi etelu] tomahin; tevinahin. 4. father-in-law PNCV: *bua [avue] avong kosa [n] nowadays; modern times. A vong kosa rosuvaltei mulamun. avu tomahin [n] grandmother. Synonym: Nowadays it's not like before. [avongi tomahin; avu; tevinahin [avue kosaa] tomahine] avong oulu [n] (n) week. M emum vo avu tomali [n] grandfather. Synonym: nahi rokol avong oulu, metmo tiii vit volah tomaIi; avu; tevihali [avue tomalii] komai koan. We worked for perhaps a week and one of the Europeans wanted to avuken [suff] (n) tail. A vuken stik po en take some of us with him. In south: avong vaJuk haJte elu. The shark's tail hit me on laulu [avongi oulue] the head twice. Synonym: ken; vatiken; asupoten. In south: vatiken; kasipoten avong takeih [n] (n) hard times. A vong [avu-kee-] ten rea mulamun en 1939 vi avong takeih. During the war in 1939 there were hard avul [n] 1. hole (made to put something times. Derived from: keih. In south: in). Memai meW avul one, eang muhUh avong tekaih [avongi ta-keiho] keih. While we were digging the hole for them, the wind was blowing strong. avong tatin [n] drought. Derived from: Synonym: vulvul. 2. earth oven. Arlin mutin. In south also: lanimes [avongi ta vuas mul en avul. The pig was baked in the rinu] earth oven. See: vulin; vulvul [avuli] avongsa [n] what time? A vongsa avul koa amillasi [n] Greater and Lesser onomok ? What time do you have? Derived Magellanic Clouds. Derived from: millasi from: avong; asa [avongi-saa] [avuli koaa a-muulasi-e] avot [n] buttocks. For derived forms see avum [n] swordfish [avume] vot, e.g. votetah; kiskisvot. See: voten [avote] muas avot practise sodomy. avouen [suff] (n) l. wing. A su viteni min - B - manon v ite UK iha kikuri outaro elu hemai numoni hehi avouem ". The rat said to the flying fox "Go and bring two taro leaves babu [n] bamboo. Synonym: eau. and I will make them into wings for you". Bislama: bambu [baabuu] 2. flipper of turtle. 3. side flaps of island dress. 4. flag. In south: levauen PNCV: balasousou1 [n] (s) kind of bird. In north: *kabau [avoue-] voHisousou [balaasousou] avov [n] 1. maternal uncle. Synonym: balasousou2 [n] (s) kind of plant similar matuen. 2. term ofaddress for maternal to vatuai. In north: volasousou uncle [avovo] [balaasousou] avu [n] 1. grandfather. Synonym: tomaIi; be [n] kind of fish [bee] avu tomaH; tevinali. 2. grandmother. Synonym: tomahin; avu tomahin; bema rind] twelve (in lisefseflanguage). tevinahin. 3. mother-in-law. Navong ke Synonym: tai dan elu [bema] aJouli selus, selus tuai tesav. Roviseteim un laJin en mama, kei visesuk en avu. When beruai [ind] thirteen (in lisefseflanguage). the girl spoke, she was already speaking Synonym: till dan etel [beruai] differently. She no longer called her mother 17 bobong [intr] (s) forget. Synonym: dang [intr] (s) wail; cry out of sorrow. In mobong. In north: vobong [bobongo] north: murang [tangi] bobongi [n] 1. mark. 2. apply medicine to. das [loc] seaward; to/in the sea; by sea. Nabobong manu. I applied medicine to a A hu mllsil oai. mai. viirei das. The turtle sore. [bobongi] followed the river right down to the sea. Keil aro ktitei ut, akadas auviiris. They bflk [n] book. Synonym: tiis. Bislama: didn't go overland, they went back by sea. buk [buuku] See: atas [dasi] bill [n] bulldozer. Synonym: atahas. datal [intr] (s) [of canoe or ship] roll. In Bislama: bul [buulu] north: rakai [taataalo] buluk [n] 1. cattle; cow. 2. beef. Synonym: davel [intr] (s) block off road. In north: munai; oumunai . Bislama: buluk (from rave [tavele] English bullock) [buluku] daviel [intr] (s) hold something hot with bUs [n] bush. Synonym: eiai; neiai; split stick.In north: ravie[t aviele] eahon. Bislama: bus [buusi] davuov [intr] (s) blistered. In north: bflsi [n] 1. cat. 2. torch battery (because the rovov [daavuoovo] commonly sold Eveready batteries fe ature a cat with nine lives on the design). Early dehas [intr] (s) [of moon] new. In north: Bislama: busi (from English pussy and rahas [tehasu] bush (Cal) [buusii] dek [intr] (s) talk; speak. Synonym: selUs. In north: murek [teke]

- D - demkoen en] 1. sorrow. 2. worry; care. Synonym: demvoen; devuen. Derived from: mudem ko [demi-koo-ene] The vast majority of words in Paamese beginning with d- are verbs from the demvoen en] 1. sorrow. 2. worry; care. southerndialect inflected for the third Synonym: demkoen; devuen. Derived person singular realis mood. Fuller details from: mudem vo [demi-voo-ene] of these items can therefore be found by referring to the appropriate entry in the r devuen en] 1. sorrow. 2. worry; care. S fe n section of this dictionary. The only items teni mul min arnekeil ntimai, ka devuen mul included here are forms that begin with d en alau keil enout teim . There was in both dialects, or which are only d-initial happiness about it among the men in the in the south but which exhibit fe atures not meeting house, but there was sorrow directly predictable from the corresponding among the women at home. Synonym: northern forms. demkoen; demvoen. Derived from: mudevu [devuu-ene] dalihel [intr] (s) sit cross-legged. In north: mlihe [talihele] dis [intr] (s) return. Irregular realis fonn only. Inau nadisiris mai.. I have returned. dalong [intr] (s) listen. In north: raeng Variant of: ris. In north: muris [disi] [talongo] elite [link] (s) 1. sap. Synonym: toaite. 2. dan [loc] 1. below; down. 2. lower. 3. juice; gravy. In north: nte [dii-] village which is closer to the sea. 4. [in Vila] town. Synonym: netan. See: atan [dano] 18

doh [intr] (s) 1. make loud sudden noise. eang2 [n] (n) fly.Eang keil amU! vfanien 2. explode. 3. [of volcano] erupt. 4. [of aumai houlu. There are lots of flIes because rifle] go off; fire. 5. [of fire] crack. 6. [of they can smell the food. For derived forms tree] crack (especially when about to fall see ang, e.g. angolu. In south: alang when being cut down). In north: muroh PNCV: *Iago [eango] [toho] eang houlu [n] (n) high winds. Eang douvu [n] (s) kind of wild nutmeg tree. houlu sital en vongien. High winds sprang See: idou [douvuu] up in the night. In south: alang haulu [eangi houlue]

easl [n] Tahitian chestnut (Inocarpus - E - edulis). M arivatias ta mul en out ta avise en A hau.There is a big Tahitian chestnut tree at a place called Ahau. For deriv� forms . ea [n] kind of tree with very tough roots see as, e.g. astovuh; as-TevallOut; that are hard to dig out while hoeing in asera [ease] garden PNCV: *aka [eaa] eas2 [n] smoke. Eas mul musilinau en eahon [n] (n) bush. Telmual telva en ahang. The smoke keeps following me eahon.They walked to the bush. Synonym: around the fire. PNCV: *1asu [easu] eiai; neiai, bUs. In south: leahon. See: neahon [eahono] eaten [suff] (n) liver. In south: leaten PNCV: *ate [eato-] eai! [n] (n) sunshine. Eai keih viireis. It is very hot. South: eal PNCV: *yalo [eai] eaul [n] bamboo. Synonym: babu. For derived fo rms see ou, e.g. outahtah; eai2 [n] (n) she-oak (Casuarina ouhat PNCV: *1au [eau] equisetifolia). In south: eal PNCV: *yaru [eai] eau2 [n] knife (especially large bush knife). Synonym: masmas [eau] eai sisil [n] (n) very strong sun with still airduring periods when volcano is putting eau3 [n] slit-gong fi xed in ground [eau] out ash (which causes skin to burn). A nasi5dei ahang en ouai en avongten eai eau4 [loc] (n) t% n the shore (rather sisil. The bush should not be set alight at 1. times when there is strong sun and no than somewhere inland). 2. t% n the beach. Ehon keil amulamukul eau. The boys are breeze. In south: alovanei [eai sisilu] swimming at the beach. For derived forms see lau, e.g. oailau. Variant of: aiou. In eat ! [n] (s) sunshine. Derived forms see south: alau [eau]. rO eau menstruate; have ai, e.g. alovanei. In north: eai [ealo] one's period.

eal2 [n] (s) she-oak (Casuarina eauS [n] dragon plum (Dracontomelon equisetifolia). In north: eai [ealo] vitiense). For derived forms see ou, e.g. ouhoev; ourahi; ouolevis. In south: ean [n] (n) weather. For derived forms see alau PNCV: *rau [eau] an, e.g.anhos; antahos; anti sa. In south: alan PNCV: *rani day [eani] ehaeh [n] (n) kind of tree. In south: lehaleh [eha-ehe] eangl [n] (n) 1. wind. Eang mul mUhah. keih. The wind is blowing strong. 2. statIc ehaeh ahis [n] (n) kind of ehaeh tree used on radio. For derived forms see ang, e.g. to make bow. In south: lehaleh ahis angu; angri ril. In south: alang PNCV: [eha-ehe ahisu] *Iagi [eangi] 19

ehae h sen talel [n] (n) kind of ehaeh eihahal [n] (n) sharpening stone. Variant tree that grows in bush. In south: lehaleh of: eihehal. In south: aihahal. Derived sen talel [eha-ehe se-ne taaleele] from: va li [ei-haa-haali] ehat [numvb + ind] four. Sua natel vuol eihau [n] (n) name of constellation of stars nahatke amulnoutenek. It was perhaps with three stars near Pleiades. Eihau v[ hitu three or four years that they stayed there. koan v[ hungfte. Eihau is a constellation of See: ehathat; hathat [reduplicated forms] stars. In south: aihau [eihau] PNCV: *vati [hati] eiheas [n] (n) obs. shoe. Synonym: sOs . ehathat [numvb] (n) in fours; four by In south: aihelas. Derived from: veasi fo ur. In south: ehati ha t. Derived from: [ei-heasi] ehat [by reduplication] [hati-hati] eihehal en] (n) sharpening stone. Variant ehati ni [tr] fourth. Derived from: eha t of: eihahal. In south: aihehal . Derived [hati-ni] from: vil li [ei-he-haali] ehis [numvb + ind] 1. how many? Huh eihehe en] (n) 1. steps cut into trunk of esom ehis? How many dogs do you have? coconut tree to assist climbers. 2. obs. 2. however many; an unknown number. ladder. In south: ai helahel . Derived from: Telro vo avong vahis evus ka luvit "K omal vehe [ei-hee-hee] melehliris Voum". They stayed however many days and then the two of them said eihil hilei en] (n) grater for making "We will both go back to Paama". 3. how pudding. In south: aihilehilei. Derived much?; what price? Terak onom kovuli from: vilei [ei-hile-hilei] ehis varei? How much did you pay for your car? 4. what time? A vong onom ehis? eihoi en] (n) clear passage through reef. What time do you have? PNCV: *visa Synonym: eihoi hos; meteihoi; pasis. Chisel In south: leihol [eihoi] ehon [n] (n) 1. child. 2. boy. Ason vasi eihoi hos en] (n) clear passage through atouli tiii, ehon tiii. His wife gave birth to reef. Synonym: eihoi; meteihoi; pasis. one boy and one girl. 3. young man who is In south: leihol hos [eihoi hosi] not yet old enough to be married. In south: lohon [eehono] ei kahkah en] (n) 1. yam stick (for planting yams). A vosein eikahkah vfta en ehon ten si se [n] (n) illegitimate child; alan. They stuck the yam sticks into the bastard. In south: lohon ten sisel ground. 2. yam spade (which has specially designed long thin blade). In south: eiai en] (n) bush. Synonym: ea hon; bOs. aikahokah. Derived from: kahkah [ei Variant of: neiai. In south: leiai. Derived kaho-kaho] from: eite; ai [ei-i-ai] eikai en] (n) scoop cut out of coconut eiatong [n] (n) mangrove swamp. husk (for eating soft flesh inside). Variant Derived from: eite; atong. In south: of: eikekai. In south: aikal. Derived leiatong [ei -atongo] from: kai [ei-kai] eih [n] (n) 1. sharpened stick for husking eikarali [n] (n) children's pinwheel (made coconuts.A musah iii ta v [ eih ka avoseini with coconut leaves attached to a stick so mul mal en atan. They cut a stick as a that they spin in the wind). In south: husking stickand stood it up in the ground. aikarali. Derived from: karali 2. digging stick. In south: aih [eihe] [ ei -kaaralii]

eikekai en] (n) scoop cut out of coconut husk (for eating soft flesh inside). Variant 20 of: eikai . In south: aikekal . Derived Synonym: eim tamatilien. In south: aim from: kai [ei-ke-kai] haulu [eimo houlue] eikoi [n] (n) bamboo pole used to eim tahanien [n] (n) brothel; dislodge coconuts, breadfruit from tree. In whorehouse. Out Ostrelia eim tahanien south: aikol. Derived from: koi [ei-koi] mul. There are whorehouses in Australia. Derived from: van. In south: aim eikoi onen maso [n] (n) scorpion. In tehanen [eimo ta-hane-ene] south: aikol onen maso [eikoi one-ne masoo] eim takeih [n] (n) prison; lockup. Eimas kei/ a/ing ehon kei/ek auva eneim takeih. eikot1 En] (n) 1. walking stick. 2. crutches. The police locked the young guys up in Synonym: eisal. In south: aikot. Derived prison. Derived from: keih. In south: aim from: kot [ei-koti] tekaih [eimo ta-keiho] eikot2 [n] (n) metal bars for resting eim tamatilien [n] (n) residence; house saucepan or kettle over fIreplace. In south: where people live (as against outside aikot. Derived from: kot [ei-koto] kitchen or other kind of building). Synonym: eim houlu. Derived from: eilev [desc] huge. See: aev [ei-Ieve] matiI. In south: aim tematiluen [eimo ta-matilu-ene] eilihlih [n] (n) fan. In south: ailihilih. Derived from: lihIih [ei-lihi-lihi] eimai [n] (n) 1. obedient person. 2. person who keeps their word. In south: aimaI. eiloh [n] (n) 1. messenger. 2. someone Derived from: mai [ei-maai] sent on errand. Synonym: eilohloh; eisisil. In south: ailoh. Derived from: eimas [n] (n) 1. evil spirit. Mulamunout muloh [ei-Ioho] Limaneimas houlu. There used to be a lot of evil spirits on Epi. 2. power to do things eiIohIoh [n] (n) 1. messenger. 2. someone through sorcery. Meatin tovuelimun ekok sent on errand. Synonym: eiloh; eisisil. vakureimas. There is no longer anybody In south: ailoholoh. Derived from: here who practises sorcery. 3. frightening muloh [ei-Ioho-Ioho] face mask. Tom vahinava/ing eimas onen, evus hemita helekatehon kei/. Tom is eilohten [n] (n) outrigger poles. Eilohten going to go and put on his mask and come ten vakili onak mavulvul, asem va. The down looking for the children. Synonym: outrigger poles to my canoe all broke and siviro. 4. policeman. Ehon ked amules the outrigger went. In south: ai Iohoten amutit, eimas kei/ amila. The boys were [ei-Ioho-tene] fIghtingand the police came. Synonym: siviro. In south: aimas PNCV: eim1 [n] (n) 1. house. Eim mak havivis. I *kaimasi [eimasi] eimas kani be killed only have a small house. 2. building. For by sorcery. A vit eimas kan kei/u.They said derived forms see im, e.g. imhau; hoim. that they were both killed by sorcery. kur In south: aim. See: neim PNCV: eimas practise sorcery. *yumwa [eimo] eimas vatisiel [n] (n) evil spirit which eim2 [n] (n) kind of bird. In south: aim carries a croton branch as a torch. In south: [eime] aimas vatisiel. Derived from: eimas; vatte; siel [eimasi vati-siele] eim3 [n] (n) kind of breadfruit. In south: eimatou [n] (n) coconut plantation. aim [eimo] Variant of: neimatou. In south: leimatou. Derived from: eite; matou eim houlu [n] (n) residence; house where people live (as against outside kitchen). [ei-matou] 21 eimatu [n] (n) customs; traditions. Variant eisin ten anni [n] (n) jacket. In south: of: neimatu. In south: leimatu. Derived aisin ten an [ei-sinu teni anni] from: eite; matu [ei-matuu] eisisl [n] (n) cry-baby; someone who eimie [n] (n) Java cedar (Bischofia cries all the time. In south: leisis. Derived javanica). In south: aimiel PNCV: from: eite; mis [ei-isi-isi] *miala red [eimiee] eisis2 [n] (n) 1. thatch roofing slab. 2. eimfun [n] (n) kind of tree. In south: needle made of bamboo for making sago aimfun [eimuumo] thatch. In south: aisis [eisiise] ein [n] (n) kind of bird. In south: ain eisisil [n] (n) 1. messenger. 2. someone [aino] sent on an errand. Synonym: eiloh; eilohloh. In south: aisisil. Derived from: eis [n] (n) 1. name. MaIdvi eis tiitenout sila [ei-si-sile] Voum. Maki is a Paamese name. 2. word. 3. writing; anything written. Synonym: eitaluh [n] (n) blanket. Synonym: eitis. In south: ais. See: isen [eise] pulagit. In south: aitaluh. See: taluh. Derived from: mutaluh [ei-taluhi] eisakite [link] (n) stem of leaf. In south: aisakite [eisaki-] eitapolis [n] (n) stick used to catch animal by the leg. In south: aitapolis. Derived eisal [n] (n) 1. walking stick. 2. crutches. from: rapolis [ei-tapolisi] Synonym: ill; eikot. In south: aisal . Derived from: musal [ei-sali] eitavie [n] (n) stick that has been split half way up the middle for holding hot things eiseha [n] (n) comb tree (Planchonella (especially hot stones for ground oven). In species, usually linggensis). In south: south: aitaviel. Derived from: ravie [ei aiseha [eisehaa] taviee] eisei [n] (n) main beams running parallel eitel [link] (n) 1. thicket; patch of trees. to roof beam between short walls. In south: eivatfngathicket of native almond trees aisai [eisei] eitaliveave patch of cottonwood trees. 2. place with an abundance of one thing. eisesel [n] (n) obs. radio. Synonym: Variant of: neite. In south: leite [ei-] ratio. In south: aisesel. Derived from: musel [ei-se-selu] eite2 [link] Cn) handle. Synonym: avak; apak; aroeite. 2. stalk; stem. eisedero eisil [n] (n) obs. torch. Synonym: tos. In stem of pawpaw. Synonym: aroeite. In south: aisil. Derived from: musil [ei-silu] south: aite [ei-] eisiIin [suff] (n) 1. back. Eisiluk miih eitis [n] (n) 1. string for making varei. My back is very sore. 2. lower back handstring figures. 2. obs. pen; pencil. (when contrasted with upper back). 3. SynonyI1.!.: pen. 3. writing; anything inside surface of split bamboo. In south: written. Ehon keil amulales eitis keil mul aisiIin [eisilu-] en buk. The children are reading the writing in the book. Synonym: eis. 4. eisilmah [n] (n) backache. In south: notice. In south: aitis. Derived from: aisilmah. Derived from: eisilin; malt mutis [ei-tisi] [ eisilu-maahi] eito [n] (n) beams in roof running along eisin [n] (n) 1. shirt. Eisin mak vilhili. My top of walls (upon which roof rests).In shirt is red. 2. clothes. Synonym: uUven. south: aito. Derived from: ro [ei-too] In south: aisin. Derived from: musin [ei sinu] 22 eitovak [n] (n) 1. bamboo pole with hook emese [n] (n) someone who remembers attached to end. 2. fish hook. In south: what they say. In south: lemesel. Derived aitovak. Derived from : rovak [ei-tovaki] from: en; mese [ee-mesee]

eiuet [n] (n) bamboo knife for cutting emon [poss] 1. his; her; its (drinkable). ani breadfruit. In south: aiuet [eiueti] emak my green coconut for drinking. 2. his; her; its (domestic). avet emak my bed. eiv [n] (n) kind of sweet potato. In south: Variant of: mon [ema-] aiv [eivo] en [suff] (n) inside; interior; middle. eivus [n] (n) copra scoop. Synonym: Nauvanamul en en oute takou. I went into eivusvus. In south: aivus. Derived from: the middle of the dry leaves. In south: len vusi [ei-vusi] PNCV: *1010 [ee-] en vobongoni forget en vati like. A tau sak ras en vahatuk. No eivusvus [n] (n) copra scoop. Synonym: woman will like you. en mahisi pity en eivus. In south: aivusuvus. Derived mese remember en meseni remember from: vusi [ei-vusu-vusu] something. K ei en mesen tounah. He remembers things. en vobong forget en ekok [loc] here [ekoke] musel [of stomach] rumble en mah bored; sick (of something) en von 1. fall ekovei [int] expression of surprise. unconscious. 2. surprised en mukur [of Ekovei, meOlin keil tenout Voum avl houlu stomach] rumble en vilhiles have an viireis! Boy, there were so many Paamese upset stomach en kas be happy en people there! [ekovei] muroh [of fo od] uncooked in middle. eIim [numvb + ind] five. See: eIimalim eni [prep] 1. on. NamOlil en suvon. I slept [reduplicated form] PNCV: *Iima [lime] on a mat. 2. to (goal of motion). lnau naumot navftaviirei en Olan. I fell right eIimalim [numvb] in fi ves; five by five. down to the ground. 3. in. A nien ta mul en Derived from: elim [by reduplication] sosipen. There's something to eat in the [lima-lime] saucepan. 4. from. Oaisimsim en tling. Water is leaking from the tank. Synonym: elimeni [tr] fifth. Derived from: eIim rani.5. among. M ulam un, keil auva amul [lime-ni] en metiiio . Before, they went and lived among the Europeans. 6. about. M ahiten elu [numvb + ind] two. Kami mehlohloh tiinien tiii en meteimal onak. I would like to out hetlis, heroluetei. You should all run tell a story about my village. Synonym: together, not in two different directions. usili 7. with (instrumental). A mumon See: elualu; lualu [reduplicated forms] suvon en ouheih. Mats are made with PNCV: *rua [lue] pandanus leaves. Synonym: ral; rali 8. for (duration). VIma rfte ka va Ostrelia en ouh elualu [numvb] in pairs; two by two. ete!. He was grown up and he went to Mehehol helualu. You should all dance in Australia for three years. Synonym: teni pairs. Derived from: elu [by reduplication] [eni] [lua-Iue] enout [prep] (n) 1. in; at (a place). 2. to (a elueni [tr] 1. second. UlmOlu mul avong place). 3. from (aplace). In south: enaut tlis,mu nak avong valueni kei mOl.The old See: eni; out [enoute] man was there one day, and when it was almost the second day he died. 2. come ensin [n] motor; engine. Synonym: afterwards. V uas keil alueni ka lohon vatiteai. Bislama: enjin [en sine] tovuol, tahosis. The pigs that came afterwards, it didn't matter if they didn't envelov [n] envelope. Bislama: envlop have tusks. Derived from: el u [lue-ni] [envelove] 23 engav [n] (n) wind that blows from - G - between Ambrym and Malakula (i.e. northwest wind). In south: lengav [engaavi] Most g- initial verbs are southern dialect forms inflected for the third person engeite [link] (n) 1. dry skin. 2. dry bark singular realis mood. Fuller details of these of tree. engeiii dry bark of casuarina tree. 3. items can therefore be found by referring to scale of fish. In south: lengaite [enge-] the appropriate entry in the k section of this dictionary. Theonly items included here engeiven [suff] (n) 1. dry skin. 2. dry are forms that begin with g- in both leaves attached to joints of bamboo and dialects, or which are only g-initial in the wild cane. 3. scale of fish. engeiven mesau south but which exhibit features not fish scales. In south: lengaiven. Derived directly predictable fromthe corresponding from: engeite; aven [enge-i-ve-] northern forms. engemanu [n] (n) scab on sore. In south: ga [intr] (s) 1. have one each. 2. different. lengamanu. Derived from: eingeite; In north: muka [kaa] manu[enge-manue] gall [intr] (s) scoop out. In north: kai engeoha [n] (n) 1. skin on breadfruit [kale] seed. 2. scaly skin on young baby's scalp. In south: lengaoha. Derived from: gal2 [intr] (s) move. In north: mokai engeite; oha [enge-oohaa] [kalo] esen [poss] his; her; its (traditional). Huh galili [n] (s) kind of vine that grows esom ehis? How many dogs do you have? downwards on tree trunk. In north: kalili Variant of: sen [esa-] [gaaliilii] esur [int] expression of pleasure; gatiluh [intr] (s) unable to open mouth. In expression of satisfaction. Variant of: sur north: katiloh [ati-Iuhe] [esure] gavol [intr] (s) wear something wrapped etel [numvb + ind] three.lnau ek val around waist. In north: kaYe [avolo] hfsien vale!. I want there to be three prayers. See: retel [reduplicated form] gekavel [intr] (s) crooked. In north: PNCV: *tolu [telu] kekavel [kekavelu] eteluni [tr] third. Ehon ke eteluni vit geJes [intr] (s) exchange. In north: kes "Tahos, inausuk nisal vfs vuas".The third [kelesi] boy said "Alright, now I will try to spear the pig". Derived from: etel [telu-ni] gol! [intr] (s) climb tree and remove fruit with bamboo pole. In south: koi [kole] eve [loe] where. Eisin mak mul eve? Where is my shirt? Variant of: kaye goJ2 [intr] (s) hoe. In north: kol [kolo] PNCV: *bea [evee] gol3 [intr] (s) [of tuber] go bad. In north: evobong [n] (n) someone who forgets kol [koli] what they say. South: lemobong. Derived from: en; vobong [ee-mobongo] gon [intr] (s) fu ll (so that there is no more space left). In north: mokon [kono]

gfl [intr] (s) hoot to announce arrival of ship. Synonym: makul. In north: moku; kiiku [kuu] 24

gul [intr] (s) 1. swim. 2. bathe. In north: haiumau en] (s) internal organ (which mukul [kulu] could not be specifically identified). Variant of: haumau. In north: houmou. Derived gur [intr] (s) 1. boil. 2. bubble. 3. [of from: haite; umau [hai-umau] liquid] gush; surge. In north; mukur [kuru] halela en] (s) 1. swallow. 2. butterfly fish (Chaetodon lineolatus). In north: holela gusuh [intr] (s) spit from back of the [halelaa] throat to ward off evil. Navong MaeLmi ls vfven tem01, kai gusuh. When Mael smelt halua1im [ind] ten. Kei vina en eas kur the devil, he spat from the back of his heite hiilualimes. He went up the chestnut throat to ward it off. In north: kuseha treeand just took ten chestnuts. [kusuho] [haalualime] koan haIualim tenth. K ei vuLf eas an ouhaJ,koan hiilualim tivuel. He counted nine of his chestnuts but the tenth was missing. [haalualime] - H - han en] (n) kind of tree. In south: had Chane] had en] (s) kind of tree. In north: han [hade] hanhanaial en] (s) fontanelle; soft spot on baby's head. In north: hanhanoai [hana hadel en] kind of tree with small leaves hanaiali] [hadeli] hanhanoai en] (n) fontanelle; soft spot on hae [loc] (n) outside (of building or baby's head. In south: hanhanial M aroLesteimun keik! Hii enclosed space). [hanohanoai] hae! I don't want to see you any more! Go outside! In south: hale PNCV: *vare?a hanoali en] person. Tem01 muL musou koe [haee] hanoalfnek vfven suval tem 01keil. The devil was singing over the person so that he haha [adj] [of kin] classificatory. K ei vf would smell like the devils. Synonym: miimaonom kati v uolmiima onom hiihiis? hanu; meatin [hanoalii] Is she your real mother, or your classificatory mother? [haahaa] hanoano en] (n) coconut bud. Variant of: hainoano. In north: metnoano hai en] (s) hill. Variant of: hau. In north: [hanoanoo] hou; vatihou [hai] hanu en] 1. person. V oihus sesai ve ut ven haial en] (s) kind of shellfish (MoruLa hanuok, kei viiku ri. The coconut shell uscoimbricata). In north: heial [haiali] J drifted ashore near the person, and he went and took it. Synonym: meatin; hanoali. hainoano en] (s) coconut bud. Variant of: 2. human being (when contrasted with hanoano. In north: metnoano. Derived spirit being) PNCV: *vanua place [hanuo] from: heite [hei-noanoo] hanu Lovu en] kind of yam [hanuo lovue] haipol en] (s) kind of tree (Pangium eduLe). In north: heipe [haipole] hanu mau [ind] twenty [hanuo maul

haitil en] (s) raindrop. In north: heitil hanu mau elu [ind] forty [hanuo mau [hai-tilu] elue]

haiue en] (s) vein. In north: hou [haiuee] 25 hanu mau el u hanu say halualim [ind] unfurled leaf and I will shoot the three fifty [hanuo mau elue hanuo savo lizards. In north: rereite[ha rede-] haalualime] haremarem [n] kind of vine with fruitthat hanu mau etel [ind] sixty [hanuo mau can be eaten [harema-reme] etelu] hartlarite [link] discharge oozing from hanu say ahitill [ind] (n) twenty-six. In sore. Manu onom harharfte houlu viireis. south: hanu say lahitill [hanuo savo Your sore is discharging a lot. [hari-hari-] ahitaai] haroma [n] shin. Synonym: asi ten 3V hanu say ehat [ind] twenty-four [hanuo [haromaa] savo ehati] hasel [n] kind of cooking banana [haaselo] hanu say elim [ind] twenty-five [hanuo savo elime] hashas [n] (n) uterus. In south: hasuhas See: vas [hasu-hasu] hanu say elu [ind] twenty-two [hanuo savo elue] has o [n] (s) 1. kind of sugarcane. 2. name of pattern in weaving mats. In north: hasu hanu say etel [ind] twenty-three [hanuo [haasoo] savo etelu] haso malik [n] (n) kind of sugarcane with hanu say halualim [ind] thirty [hanuo dark skin. In south: haso metapot savo haalualime] [haasoo maliko] hanu say ouhat [ind] (n) twenty-nine. In ha so metapot [n] (s) kind of sugarcane south: hanu say lau hat [hanuo savo with dark skin. In north: ha so malik ouhati] [haasoo metapoti] hanu say oulu [ind] (n) twenty-seven. In haso Santo [n] (s) kind of sugarcane with south: hanu say laulu [hanuo savo oulue] longest and fattest sectionsof all sugarcanes, having greenskin with straight hanu say outel [ind] (n) twenty-eight. In markings and white fibre (brought to Paama south: hanu say lautel [hanuo savo from Santo by people from Tahi). outelu] Synonym: tehi-Santo. In north: marion me- Tahi; mariven me-Tahi [haasoo hanu say till [ind] twenty-one [hanuo santoo] savo taai] hasu [n] (n) kind of sugarcane with long hanu say till dantill [ind] thirty-one thin stem, brown fibre and straight lines [hanuo savo taai dano taai] running along skin. In south: has o [haasuu] hanuas [n] watch. Kei sil hanuas onak. He put on my watch. Bislama: hanwaj (from hasu mon tematu [n] (n) kind of English hand Walch) [hanuase] sugarcane with brown fibresimilar to hasu but softer to chew, so is suitable for old hangol ou [n] fire restricted for the use of people without strong teeth. Derived from: men of very high status. Derived from: matu [haasuu mo-ne te-matuu] ahang; lou [hango-lou] hasuaev [n] (n) 1. thumb. 2. big toe. haredeite [link] (s) young unfurled leaf. Variant of: va suaev. In south: hasual ev Konakaitei, kiloh usilharede ite, maluva PNCV: *bisu finger; *Iaba big miiv keitel. Don't move, stay alongside the [haasuaeve] 26 hasviles [n] kind of sugarcane with red hatmetai [n] (n) rock with a hole (used as skin and brown fibre [hasvilesi] an anchor). In south: hatmetal. Derived from: ahat; metai [hatu-metai] hat [n] hat. Kei sinun marihiiJ ta. He is wearing a big hat. Bislama: fuJt[h aate] hatte [link] 1. small piece; lump hatitiiro small piece of taro. 2. small amount. Nivus hatesim [n] breast muscle [hatesime] fuJtirais lim. I will serve you a small amount of rice. 3. time; occasion. N asan stringhatte hatetamen [desc] 1. big; large (plural). 2. ehat, nasar mesau efuJt. I threw out my line powerful. Kopoi netin vf fuJtetamen en Idian four times and caught four fish.4. matter; keil. It was the cowboys who were more incident. Hatte ten siik koan keke muasinau, powerful than the Indians. [hatetamene] rO sfse teni kei keke naselu.siniek . The incident hatetamen act tougher than one really is. of the shark that attacked me is what I have Konatatei konahi hatetamen, meatin ta been talking about. [hati-] houasuk. You shouldn't act tougher than you really are or someone will hit you. hatuga rind] four (in lisefsef language). Synonym: ehat [hatugaa] hathat [sintr] four. In south: hatihat. See: hong hathat; ehathat. Derived from: ehat hatules [n] smooth well-weathered rocks. [by reduplication] [hati-hati] Derived from : ahat [hatu-Iese] hathilhili [n] 1. sandstone. 2. hot stones hatiir [n] post in house supporting roof from fire . Derived from: ahat; vilhili beam at ends. Synonym: vatihatiir [hatu-hili-hili] [hatuure] hatihi [n] chiefs investiture mound hatiir atau [n] (n) post supporting roof at [hatihii] back of house. In south: hatiir letau [hatuure atau ] hafiral [n] blood clot. Koakeil am uas vuas, alingi mules auva teim , evus aumairis hatiir toman [n] post supporting roof at ales fuJtfra houlu tai mulien. They killed a front of house [hatuure tomane] pig and left it to go home, and when they came back, they saw lots of clotted blood hatiiratiir[n J 1. new coconut with soft on it. Derived from: hatte; ara [hati-i-raa] flesh which can be eaten and which has no water. 2. cartilage. Synonym: angol hafira2 [n] kind of lychee. See: ara [hati-i [hatuuratuure] raa] hau [n] (s) hill. Variant of: haL In north: hatiti [nJ grinding stone [hatitii ] hou; vatihou [hauo] hativen [suff] body part. Titamol vite haul [adj] new. Synonym: heite hau "Hatfvek koanik kilmoni hehf tounahek ". PNCV: *va?oRu [haau] The lisefsef said "This part of my body, you should make into such and such". hau2 rind] many; numerous. Mealin keil Derived from: hatte; aven [hati-i-ve-] avf hau viireis. There were many people. Synonym: houlu; musav; teahui [haau] hatkatien [n] l. promise; agreement. Hatkatien onen metiiio koa ke viteni enout haua [nJ hour. Bislama: haoa [hauaa] V oum tesav . The European's promise that he had made on Paama had changed. 2. haumau [nJ (s) internal organ (which appointment. 3. date (with member of the could not be specifically identified). Variant opposite sex). Hatkatien onak ta en of: haiumau. In north: houmou [haumau] vongien. I have a date tonight. Derived from: vat kati [hati-kati-eneJ hay [ind] some of. M eatin hiiv keil fm ai. Some of the people will come. Synonym: 27

tei; koan. Bislama: hat(from English half) havungali en] cicada [havungalii]. [haavu] havungali mis dusk. Kei mum va vesesali havungali vais. He worked almost haveah en] (n) breadfruit that has been cut until dusk. in half. Roling koan vf sahsah vfvoteite netan, koanisuk rolahi ariivahlisiesuk vf havura vikal en] (s) skink; small kind of haveah. We put the sliced one's down as the lizard. Variant of: vikal ' In north: bottom layer, and then we bring the one's havurikai [havuraa viikalo] that have been cut in half. In south: havelah [haveahi] havurikai en] (n) skink; small kind of lizard. Timaruelu lulah hisuput lumul luntv havekavek en] kind of vine [haveka-veke] havurikiii keil teim. The two orphans got their bows and they were shooting skinks at havin [suff] 1. grandson. Synonym: home. In south: havura vikal [havurikaai] havinali. 2. granddaughter. Synonym: havinahin [haavu-] heat Only in masing heat [heati]

havinahin [suff] granddaughter. hehen [loc/suff] underneath. Vakilimadu Synonym: havin [haavu-] vita, vamul hehen atas. The canoesank down and went under the sea. PNCV: havinali [suff] 1. grandson. Synonym: *vavo [hehe-] havin. 2. son-in-law [haavu-] hei takon en] kind of shellfish (Drupa havipi [adj] 1. little; small (plural). Navong speciosa). Derived from: kon [hei ta metvf havipfsemau, mamaonak keilu tiila koono] onak keilu lumiimon to unah ta metlesi Us es en sua vasfen avong ten K rismes. When heiail en] (s) fruit. In south: haiai. we were still small, my mother and father Derived from: heite; ai [hei-i-ai] used to do the same thing to us every year at Christmas. Synonym: titite; heiai2 en] inside part of gill of fish [heiai] vorvorette. 2. of low status. M eteimal keil vasf tenout uhal avf havipi en tounahek . All heial en] kind of shellfIsh (Morula the other villages have low status in this ju scoimbricata). In south: haial [heiali] matter. [havipii] heiali en] (n) sucker on octopus tentacle. havivi [adj] little; small (singular). A nien heialilin uft octopus sucker. In south: iik havivfs! I've only got a little bit of fooo! haiali [heialii] Synonym: titite; vorette [havivii] heiang en] (n) kind of breadfruit. In south: havivi kai [adj] (n) tiny. In south: havivi haiang [heiange] kaI [havivii kaai] heias en] (n) kidney. Variant of: havkraun Only in matou havkraun. heininias. In south: haias. Derived from: Early Bislama: hatkrao n half a crown heite; eas [hei-ease] [haavkraune] heiasen [suff] (n) testicles. Synonym: havorakiki en] 1. pinky; little finger. oreIion; oreIiasen; orelihopu. In south: Havorakfki keisuk mea seWs min keil vit hailasen. Derived from: heite; asen [hei "N avong fr rehehiien tituen, inau ke nikur aso-] hen meatin helamun vis ka kamfsuk mehekuri hekiilau".Then the little fInger got heiei en] (n) wild cane. Synonym: avi. In up and said to them "When we get into a south: haiei [heiei] fIght, I am the one who catches the hand fIrst, and then all of you". 2. little toe heih en] (n) pandanus. Heih keke mulamun [havorakiikii] avai vf ala ten vakili. It was pandanus which 28 used to be woven into canoe sails before. In heimOm [n] (n) dwarf. In south: haimOm south: haih PNCV: *vaiva [heiho] [heimuumo] heihen [suff] (n) 1. finger. 2. toe. hein [int] (n) 1. is that it?; indication that Synonym: kalihen. In south: haihen. agreement is being sought. lnau nfmai Derived from: heite; hen [hei-hee-] visuvong. Hein? I'll come tomorrow, is that it? 2. wow!; expression of surprise. Mama heihOh [n] (n) bladder. Synonym: onak viteni vitnae "A hi kei ling tounah vurahOh. In south: haihOh [hei-huuhu] keilek". lnau navit "Hein!" My mother said to me "God put all these things here". I said heihus [n] (n) heart. In south: haihus "Wow!" In south: hain [heine] PNCV: *vuso [heihuse] heinan [suff] (n) forehead. Synonym: heilah [n] (n) kind of vine with round nan; heivatin; metenan. In south: hairy tuber. In south: haiJah [heilahi] hainan. Derived from: heite; nan [hei naa-] heilah hiluav [n] (n) kind of heilah vine which can be eaten. In south: hailah heininias [n] (n) kidney. Synonym: hiluav [heilahi hiluave] heias. In south: haininias [heiniiniase] heilah Jahataso [n] (n) kind of heilah heioai [n] (n) drop of water. In south: vine which can be eaten. In south: hailah haioai. Derived from: heite; oai [hei-oai] lahataso [heilahi lahatasoo] heipe [n] (n) kind of tree (Pangium edule). heilah takon [n] (n) kind of heilah vine In south: haipol [heipee] with tuber that cannot be eaten. Derived from: kon. In south: hailah taMn [heilahi heipus [n] (n) wart. In south: haipus ta-koono] PNCV: *buso [heipusi] heilah toman [n] (n) kind of heilah vine heirerou [n] (n) rice. Variant of: heirou. which can be eaten [heilahi tomane] In south: haidou. Derived from: heite; rerou [hei-rerou] heilak [n] (n) pegs used to attach outrigger to outrigger poles. Derived from : heite; heirou [n] (n) rice. Variant of: heirerou. a1ak. In south: hailak [hei-i-Iako] In south: haidou. Derived from: heite; irou [hei-irou] heimal [n] (n) 1. clan. Ek vati navit mahiten runien tiii.te nout Lironesa, heimaltii heisa [intr] 1. do what? Kovite nfm ai nfsa? avise en M eteang. I want to tell a story You told me to come but what will I do? 2. about Lironesa, and the clan called get along. Future form only. See: kosa; Meteang. Synonym: amal; usiteim; vasa [isaa] vatiteim; vatiamal. 2. village. Synonym: meteimal. In south: haimal [heimali] heisav [adj] (n) 1. useless. Koanik rovitei uhia, viiiu heisavos kek. This is not a wild heiman [n] (n) dew. Synonym: tiIev; yam, it's just a useless vine. 2. worthless; of manni. In south: haiman [heimanu] no value. 3. of no importance. 4. no trouble; no worries; you're welcome (in response to heimat [n] (n) swell on sea. In south: expression of thanks or appreciation). Tagio haimat. Derived from: heite; amat [hei-i viirei en anien. Heisavos! Thanks very mati] much for the meal. No worries! 5. in vain. Um en onen ten avong etel vf heisav. His heimeten [nJ (n) letter of alphabet. In work for three days had been in vain. In south: haimeten. Derived from: heite; south: haisav. See: heite; say [heisavo] meten [hei-meto-J 29

heiseini [tr] do what with? Keik kfseini? heitil [n] 1. raindrop. 2. kind of shellfish Kosakras kovavuroh veni. What are you (Conus pricei). In south: haitil. Derived going to do about it? You can't get angry from: heite; muti l [hei-tile] about it. Future form only. See: koseini; vaseini [iseini] heiva [n] (n) cowrie shell. In south: haiva [heivaa] heisel fLsien [n] (n) word. In south: haiselfLsien. Derived from: heite; selfls heivaeng [n] (n) kind of breadfruit. In [hei-seluusi-ene] south: haivaleng. Derived from: heite; va eng [hai-valenge] heis il [n] (n) twin apple (Ochrosia oppositijolia). In south: hais il [heisile] heival (n) Only in atuvo i heival. In south: haival [heivale] heisu [n] (n) kind of treewith edible fruit that looks like flower. In south: haisu heivangvang [n] (n) stomach. In south: [heisue] haivangavang. Derived from: heite; avang [hei-vanga-vange] heitamen[desc] (n) 1. big; large (singular). Synonym: marne; eilev. 2. heivatin [suff] (n) forehead. Synonym: important; main. Suvtoto mul Lulev Nesa, nan; heinan; metenan. In south: avise en meteimal ke heitamen.The haivati n. Derived from: heite; vatin[hei paramount chief is at Lulev Nesa, so they vatu-] call it an important village. Synonym: marne. 3. term of address for important heivatin on [suff] (n) glans penis. person. Morevisokon, heitamen! Good Synonym: vatinon. In south: haivatin morning, sir. Synonym: asuv. 4. powerful. on [hei-vati-ne oo-ne] M eatin koa keke heitamenteno ut Hinuvoi avise en Mail Tuli. The powerful man of heivis [n] (n) 1. bead tree; barrel tree Hinuvoi was called Mail Tuli. In south: (Adenanthera pavoninia). 2. children's haitamen [heitamene] guessing game (played in sand with seeds from the bead tree). In south: haivis heite [link] (n) 1. fruit. heimiigo fruit of PNCV: *bisa [heivise] rei heivis play mango tree. 2. individual; single one. Kei vii game to guess which pile of sand contains kuliit heivolet tiis vite 'Tuak keitel, nituv the stone or seed. amanunek, hemot viirei hemai netan".He took out a single bullet and said "Brothers, heivoul [n] (n) ankle. In south: haivaul. when I shoot that bird, it will fall right Derived from: heite; voul PNCV: down". 3. thingummyjig; what's-its-name. *bwau- knee [hei-voule] Kei vfs onen heite keke siininoais. He's asking for his thingummy that he gave you helahel [n] (n) slab coral. In south: before. 4. so-and-so. N av it mahiima les melave [hela-hele] heitem au.I want to go and see so-and-so first. In south: ha ite [hei-] helhelaitas [n] (s) part of sea where waves wash onto sand. Riou vfta en veien heite hau [adj] (n) new. Navonginek tfser les iii.tii kai mii tai en helhelaitas. The hermit tii ke v f heite hiiu mai kistal ven komai. At crab went down to the beach and saw that a that time, a new catechist came to us. fish had come right up to the edge of the Synonym: hau. In south: haite hau [hei beach. Synonym: helhelaite. Derived itee haau] from: helhelaite; atas. In north: sisiatas [hela-hela-i-tasi] heite matu [adj] (n) [of things] old. In south: haite matu [hei-itee matuu] helhelaite [n] (s) part of sea where waves wash onto sand. Synonym: helhelaitas . In north: sisite [hela-hela-itee] 30 hen [suff] 1. ann; hand; finger. Synonym: hiemaso [n] kind of Malay apple. Derived hen tanesa. 2. leg; foot; toe. Synonym: from: ahi; maso [hie-masoo] hen tedan. 3. [of clothing] sleeve; leg. 4. [of squid; octopus] tentacle. 5. footprints; hiematou [n] kind of Malay apple with track left by someone or something. See: hard fruit. Derived from: ahi; matou [hie abe PNCV: *veva [hee-] matou]

hen aul [n] (s) kind of sugarcane with hieveak [n] (n) kind of Malay apple. In marks on skin similar to shrimp tracksin south: hievelak. Derived from: abi; veak mud (known only in south) [hee-ne aule] [hie-veako]

hen taktak [n] (n) flippers for diving. In hievolat [n] kind of Malay apple. Derived south: hen takitak[hee-ne taki-taki] from: ahi [hie-volaato]

hen tanesa [n] ann; hand; finger. Derived ruhi [n] threadworm [hiihii] from: nesa [hee-ne ta-nesaa] hihuri [int] obs. thank you. Synonym: hen tedan [n] leg; foot; toe. Derived from: namasmasuk [hihurii] dan [hee-ne te-dano] hilhili See: t6hilhili; ouha hilhili. henaen [n] theft; stealing; robbery. Munak Derived from: vilhili [hili-hilii] anatinke kosukul ven heniien, ek vati kovakuroreliato keitel kekek vamfta vakis hili See: taro hili. Derived from: viii ta! ma!esi. If it is truethat you have studied [hilii] stealing, I want you to go and steal those three eggs and bring them back for me to hilin [suff] 1. hair (of head). 2. feathers. see. Derived from: vena [henaa-ene] hilin 010 chicken feathers. See: ahilu PNCV: *vulu [hilu-] hengan [n] 1. bait. M eatin keil e van ava!ahteiiekon vahf ten hengan avahii hilioa [n] foreskin. See: hilion. Derived avason hiik eni. The people wanted to get from: hiHte; oa [hili-oaa] some iekon fish as bait to go fishingwith. 2. foodpoisoned by sorcery to kill hili on [suff] foreskin. See: hilioa. someone. See: vengani PNCV: *vagani Derived from: hillte; on [hili-oo-] feed [hengani] hiliongon [suff] (n) lip. Synonym: ingin. heouai (n) Only in riou heouai. In south: In south: hiliungen. Derived from: hilite; holauai. Derived from: veouai [heouai] ongon [hili-on go-]

hesabes [n] Australian boxwood hiUrou [n] (n) triggerfish (Pteropterus (Planchonella lingensis) [hesahesa] antennatus). In south: kulidou. Derived from: hiHte; irou [hili-irou] hiahi [n] beach lily (with leaves that can be used as fish bait) (Crinum asiaticum) hilite [link] 1. skin; outer covering. 2. [hia-hie] person who triesto be something they are not. hiliame boy who tries to act like a rud [n] join in weaving [hiidi] grown man. [hili-]

hidihen [suff] (s) 1. fingernail; toenail. 2. hiliungen [suff] (s) lip. In north: hoof. In north: uti hen. Derived from: hen hiliongon. Derived from: hi lite; ungen [hidi-hee-] [hili-unge-]

hielev [n] kind of Malay apple with white hillven [suff] skin. Derived from: hiute; fruit. Derived from: ahi; aev [hie-level aven [hili-i-ve-] 31

hiliveta En] sea creature that can be eaten. hishos En] (n) any kind of banana that can Derived from: hillte; veta [hili-vetaa] be made into pudding. In south: hisihos. Derived from: ahis; hos [hisi-hosi] hillangis En] lionfish (Pterois species). Derived from: ahil; langis [hilu-Iangise] hisien En] prayer. Ulmatu va sakinhf sien ven asuv, ka matesuk. The old man said a hiluav Only in heilah hiluav. [hiluave] prayer for the chief, but then he died. Derived from: vis [hiisi-ene] hin [suff] spinous dorsal finof fish [hii-] hisoen En] terms of address. Luvtiris luvis hinahin En] swollen glands in groin [hina tomealu ka ta vite 'ftvu, makuttei ahang", hine] ka ulmatusel mini vite "H isoen viles tat'. They both went to ask their father hinimatou En] 1. coconut husk. Munak something and one of them said "Father-in eang muhUh, iii mul ntpan,ehon ta lesi ka law, can I get a light?", and the old man said kur hinimatou. When the wind blew and the "The terms of address have changed". trees smoked, the boy saw it and got some Derived from: vis [hiso-ene] coconut husk fibre. 2. coconut fibres. Synonym: hingann; ann. Derived from: histisa1 En] any kind of banana that cannot hinIte; matou [hini-matou] be made into pudding. Derived from: ahis; tisa [hisi-tiisaa] hinite [link] outer husk PNCV: *vinu [hini-] histisa2 En] (n) tinea of the crotch. In south: vulihesihes. Derived from: ahis; hinu En] 1. kind of tree with very light tisa [hisi-tiisaa] wood(Macaranga dioica). Vina en outenek rakat tataonen mules en hinu til He went hisuput1 En] bow. Tata onen musah up there and chopped his axe into a hinu hisuput onen natnali. The father made his tree. 2. Chinese person; Vietnamese person son a bow. Synonym: ahis [hisuputi] (so-called because of their slight build). Synonym: Sinoa [hinue] hisuput2 En] muscle under arm [hisuputiJ hinu vau En] kind of hinu tree with large hit [prep] like; as. A lesi hit oman. It looks leaves [hinue vau] like a bird. [hite] hingan [int] I don't know. Veta koanik hitu En] star PNCV: *vitu?u [hitue] avise en asa?Hf ngan! What is this breadfruitcalled? I don't know. [hiingani] hitu maso En] evening star; Venus. Synonym: maso [hitue masoo] hingann En] coconut fibres. Synonym: hinimatou; ann [hingaaune] hitu melan En] morning star; Mars. Synonym: melan [hitue melane] hingen [suff] armpit. 2.pectoral fin of fi sh. 3. underarm section of island dress PNCV: hitu merah En] shooting star. Synonym: *viga [hingo-] hitu mot[hitue merahe] hiren [suff] 1. neck; throat. 2. top section hitu mot En] shooting star. Synonym: hitu of island dress PNCV: *dale?o [hiree-] merah [hitue moti] hirevu En] reef heron (Demigretta sacra). hoai En] sea almond tree (Terminalia Derived from: hiren; vO [hiree-vuu] catappa) [hoai] hishis En] (n) kind of tree. In south: hoav1 En] fish poison tree (Barringtonia hisehis [hise-hise] asiatica) [hoavu] 32 hoav2 [n] kind of fish [hoavu] holeite [link] (n) sapling; young growing tree. holehoai sapling of a sea almond tree. hoev [adj ] (n) [of fruit] large. In south: Variant of: holengeite; holengeise; holey [hoeve] holeise; holholite. In south: holaite [hole-] hOhoi [n] roasted breadfruit that has been rolled flat to a paste and coated with holela [n] (n) 1. swallow. 2. butterfly fish thickened coconut milk. Veta koan ke amut[ (Chaetodon lineolatus). In south: halela meramerau keke amutf vf hohoi. It is those [holelaa] breadfruit which are soft to roll out that we make into hohoi. Synonym: teter. See: holengeise [n] (n) sapling; young vohoi PNCV: *voivoi [hoohoi] muti growing tree. Variant of: holengeite; hOhoi make hohoi. holeise; holeite; holholite. In south: holengaite [holengeisee] hoim [n] roof of house. Derived from: hoite; eim [hoi-i-imo] hoiengeisiI1 [n] (n) midrib of coconut leaf. Synonym: Sin ousil. Variant of: hoite [link] 1. roof. 2. top; upper side of. holeisil. In south: holengaisil. Derived M esau keil amules aumatnetan, aumai amul from : holengeite; asil [holenge-i-silu] en hoihungola ten tiinvanei. The fish were just dying underneath, and they were holengeisil2 [n] (n) small rock crab. coming onto the top of the pumice. [hoi-] Derived from: holengeite; asiI [holenge i-silu] holase [n] any small beam running between major roofbeams [holaasee] holengeite [link] (n) sapling; young growing tree. Variant of: holeite; holase ten uriov [n] small beams holengeise; holeise; holholite. In running between place where main roof south: holengaite [holenge-] posts hold up the main top roof beam and the vatitem at beam along the top of the short holholite [link] sapling; young growing wall [holaasee teni uriovu] tree. Variant of: holeite; holengeite holengeise; holeise [holi-holi-] holaso [n] promiscuous person; slut [holasoo] holholiveta [n] broad-billed flycatcher (Myiagra caledonica). Derivedfrom : holau [n] (s) hunger. Synonym: amal. In holholite; veta [holi-holi-vetaa] north: amai [holau] holau guri be hungry. Holaugurinau. I am hungry. holien [n] (n) dance. Navit mahii en holien ka aha! tovuo. I want to go to the dance but holeahai [n] (n) sprout from coconut. In I've got no money. In south: holuen. south: hoHihal. Derived from: holeite; Derived from: vol [holu-ene] ahai [hole-ahai] hon [adj] 1. on its own; plain. Kei mun tf holeise [n] (n) sapling; young growing honos, ro sOdei suka vahiien. He just drinks tree. Variant of: holeite; holengeise; tea on its own without sugar. 2. alone. holengeite; holhoHte. In south: holaite; A tahas esen avong vasf mai,rokuttei tftiin holengaite; holholite [holeisee] keil avamai, kei mai kei honos. His sow came every day, but she didn't bring her holeisiI [n] (n) midrib of coconut leaf. piglets, and she came alone. 2. empty; A lah holeisil amul asfsfloh eni. They got containing nothing [hono] some coconutmidribs to pick their teeth with. Variant of: holengeisil. Synonym: honghathat [n] (n) spear with fo ur sin ousil. In south: holaisil. Derived prongs. See: vatihong; hathat. In south: from: holeite; asiI [hole-i-silu] honghatihat [hongi-hati-hati] 33 honglualu [n] spear with two prongs. See: hotil [n] silver-eared honeyeater; morning vatihong; lualu [hongi-lua-lue] bird (Lichmera incana). Amon tai avise en hotil muka maio A bird known as a morning hongrami [n] spear with single point. See: bird flew over. [hotile] vatihong; rami [hongi-raa-taai] hou! [n] (n) hill. Synonym: vatihou. In hongretel [n] spear with three points. See: south: hau; hai [houo] vatihong; retel [hongi-re-telu] hou2 [n] (n) vein. In south: haiue PNCV: hope [n] kind of pandanus that is not used *uRa [houe] for weaving [hopee] hou koa marite [n] (n) tendon. In south: hopu [n] 1. arrow. Synonym: atuv; hau koa marite [houe koaa mari-itee] vatuei. 2. sl. penis. Synonym: maripu; ai [hopue] houlu [ind] (n) 1. much. 2. many; numerous. Synonym: musav; hau; horan [suff] thigh [horaa-] teabui . In south: haulu [houlue] horat [n] wood grub PNCV: *avato hournou [n] (n) internal organ (which [horato] could not be specifically identified). In south: haumau; haiumau [houmou] horaten [n] chicken giblets [horato-] hovasis [n] kind of breadfruit [hovasise] horatte [link] hard nut inside something. A leng malou akurho ratte. They husked the hovorasu [n] (n) kind of vine with fruit coconut and took the nut. [horati-] that can be eaten. In south: hovorasuak [hovorasue] horotan [n] person belonging to a particular place. Keik kikur ven honoali hovorasuak [n] (s) kind of vine with fruit keke mal, kikur varein tovuli onen kitosuk that can be eaten. In north: hovorasu ekok, kihf horotonosuk tenoutek. You will [hovorasuake] take the place of the man who died; you will even have his wife and you will stay here as huahu [n] beach morning glory PNCV: someone right from this place. Derived *vue [hua-hue] from: atan [horo-tano] huelauveta [n] (s) kind of turtle that horovus [n] (s) 1. craving for meat. 2. frequently floats on surface of sea. Derived meat part of meal. 3. person who craves from: abu; laute; veta [hue-Iau-vetaa] meat. In north: vusirei [horovusi] huen [n] fight; battle. A suv aven mtih en hos [adj] 1. good. 2. safe. 3. benign hl1en,v [s mrs en tfser ta vamfta enout PNCV: *bosi [hosi] V oum. The chief was tired of the fighting so he asked the missionary for a catechist to hosetau [n] canine tooth [hosetau] come to Paama. Derived from: vu [huu ene] hoshos [desc] (n) willing; brave; helpful. In south: hosihos [hosi-hosi]. ul in huinev [n] deep part of sea. Synonym: hoshos be willing; be brave; be helpful. anev; ngoliamai ; ngolngoliamai; angol . Derived from: huite; anev [hui-i hospitel [n] hospital; clinic. Bislama: neve] hospitel [hospitele] va en hospitel be circumcised. K ei va tai en hospitel. He has huite [link] main one PNCV: *bua deep been circumcised. [hui-] 34 hlik [n] hook. Bislama: huk [huuke] son husiveta [n] young edible breadfruit leaf. hill< go fi shing va en hill< go fi shing. Synonym: ammo Derived from: veta [husi-vetaa] hulhuli [n] kind of crab [huli-hulii] huso1 [n] kind of plant which spreads over huli [n] dog PNCV: *kuli [hulii] ground [husoo] hulien [n] wages; pay. Derived from: vuli huso2 [n] kind of shellfishthat is flat like [huli-ene] aru [husoo] hulu [n] tree fern (Cycad and Dickinsonia species). Melro melmasil sfse nales varihulu tii. As we were going along the - I - road, I saw a tree fern.Synonym: votohulu [hulue] iaJu [pr] we two; us two (first person dual htmahunak [n] kind of breadfruit [huna inclusive). lalu lom Um out tas. We both hunake] work together. [ialue] hungaiel [n] gill of fi sh [hungaieli] Hit [n] 1. yard. 2. pen for keeping animal. iatten vuas pig pen. Bislama: yad[i aate] hungarilu [n] sea creature living on reef that can be eaten [hungariluu] iatel [pr] we few; us few (first person paucal inclusive). lsei heles iatelekok? Who hungauah [n] kind of cooking banana will see us here? [iatelu] [hungauaahe] latel [n] name of Paama sports teams in hungeite [link] (n) 1. flower. hungeviii Vila (meaning 'all of uS ' ). latel muas lf ira hibiscus flower. 2. tiny immature fruit on Blackbirds . Iatel beat the IflIa Blackbirds. plants that don't have flowers. In south: [iatelu] hungaite PNCV: *vuga [hunge-] ida [n] (s) kind of tree. In north : reda hungela [n] kind of shellfish [hungelaa] PNCV: *ida [idaa] hungemunai [n] (n) grass seeds that stick idou [n] (s) wild nutmeg (Myristicafatua). to one's skin. In south: hungamunai. In north: rerou; irou [idou] Derived from: hungeite; munai [hunge munai] idu [n] (s) native cucumber. In north: rim [iduu] hungite [link] 1. bunch of fruit. hungfnga bunch of native almonds. 2. constellation of iebui [n] kind of fish. Derived from: ai stars. Hitu ta koan vf hungite avise en [ie-bui] metuktuk. One constellation of stars is called metuktuk. [hungi-] iehang [n] (s) kind of fish with bright colours which is caught at night and which hungola [n] pumice. Vanei rivfn hungola can be eaten (but which can sometimes be ma nesa vis aras mukon. The volcano threw poisonous). Derived from: ai ; ahang. In out pumice until the sea was covered over. north: ahang [ie-hango] Synonym: tan ahu; vula [hungolaa] ieka [n] flying fi sh (Family Exocoetidae). husi [n] fl esh; muscle PNCV: *visiko Derived from: ai;muka [ie- kaa] [husio] iekelen [n] kind of fish.Derived from: ai [ie-kelene] 35 iekon [n] silver scad (Selar ilel2 [n] (s) nautilus shell. In north: ile; crwnenophthalmus). Meatin keil amul menmen [ilele] amuas iekon keil en tanmaitvahf ten hengan. The people were killing silver imel [n] (s) kind of vine. In north: memel scads with dynamite for bait. Derived from: [imeli] ai; kon [ie-koono] imhau [n] (n) new house. Derived from: iemaJik [n] surgeonfish (Acanthurus eim; lUiu. In south: imolUiu [imo-haau] striatus). Derived from: ai; malik [ie maliko] inau [prJ I; me (firstperson singular). Inau niroselusteimun min keik. I'm not going to iemeas [n] parrotfish (Scaridae). Derived speak to you any more. PNCV: *nau from: ai; meas [ie-measi] [inau] iemiel [n] (s) goatfish (Parapercidae). In inauli [int] oh dear; expression of pity. north: sisihoai; tinehis. Derived from: ai Derived from:inau [inau-lii] [ie-miele] inwn [n] kind of plant [inume] iemol [n] kind of fish. Derived from: ai; amol [ie-moli] inga [n] native almond (Canarium indicwn) PNCV: *?agai [ingaa] Iesu Kristo [n] Jesus Christ. From Latin (introduced by early missionaries) [iesuu inga atuva [n] kind of native almond kristoo] [ingaa atuvaa] ietev [n] kind of fish. Derived from: ai ; inga hoev [n] (n) kind of native almond mutev [ie-tevi] with large nuts. In south: inga holev [ingaa hoeve] ietisa [n] poisonous fish. Tovuli ta metaun aienek, vit anadei ietfsa, ka ro vitei ietfsa, inga malik [n] kind of native almond with aienek tahos. One old woman was afraid of dark nuts [ingaa maliko] the fish in case it was poisonous, but it wasn't poisonous, it was a safe fish. inga tisa [n] kind of native almond [ingaa Derived from: ai ; tisa [ie-tiisaa] tiisaa] ikul [n] stem of sago leaf which is used as ingin [suff] 1. lip. Synonym: hiliongon. a sheet for making hohoi. Navong ke avit 2. part of coconutwhere stem attaches to avan kOhoi,amu kulit ikul. When they want fruit [ingi-] to make pounded breadfruit, they cut the stem of a sago leaf. [ikule] ingioai [n] river bank. Derived from: ingJte; oai [ingi-oai] ilel [n] (n) 1. memorial. 2. keepsake. 3. souvenir. In south: ilel [iJee] ingisu [n] cold sore on lip. Derived from: ingin [ingi-suu] ile2 [n] (n) nautilus shell. Synonym: menmen. In south: ilel [ilee] ingite [link] rim; edge. ingitfn rim of tin. [ingi-] ileilien [n] (n) knowledge; education. Nalonge koviteni kovit keik em vat ileilien. ingivon [n] basket made of coconut leaves I have heard that you want education. In with very narrow opening at top. Derived south: ileleilelen. Derived from: kile [ile from: ingite; von [ingi-vono] ile-ene] ipi [n] (s) kind of palm tree. In north: vipi ilell [n] (s) 1. memorial. 2. keepsake. 3. [ipio] souvenir. In north: ile [ilele] 36

ipu [n] victory; advantage (in a game). Jp u ka2 [intr] (n) 1. come from. Asuv kur tin isei? Who won? PNCV: *buku debt meatin ta kaLfmanmf s stini mfta. The chief [ipuu] brought someone from Epi who the missionary sent. 2. travel. Keik koka en ir [prJ we all; all of us (first person plural vakilikomai? Did you come by canoe? 3. inclusive). Ir vasfre heha re heseliis min like; as. Apartata onak ka vuas. They tied asuv. We will all go and speak to the chief. my father up like a pig. In south: gao . See: PNCV: *kida [iire] kaka [reduplicated form] [kaa]

iron En] (n) wild nutmeg (Myristicafatua). ka koe [tr] (n) surround. Meatin keil avfta Variantof: reron. In south: idou [irou] akakoe leimmmm amul amusahi. The people went down and surrounded the ise En] (n) broom. In south: isel PNCV: whale and they were cutting it up. In south: *sara [isee] ga kole [kaa koe]

iseil [prj who PNCV: *sei [isei] ka lab [intr] (n) hurry. In south: ga lab [kaa lahi] isei2 En] kind of shellfish (Hemitoma cratitia). Synonym: seikon [isei] ka law [tr] (n) go over. In south: ga law [kaa laauii] isel En] (s) broom. In north: ise Eisele] ka lele [intr] (n) walk while keeping isen [suff] name. Keik isom isei? What is lookout.M eheka lele mehehotfnuk your name? See: eis PNCV: *giza [iso-] mehekuruk. We will keep an eye out for you and when we find you we will pick isis Only in rion isis [isi-isi] you up. In south: ga lele [kaa lee-lee]

itau En] obs. 1. mother. Synonym: mama; ka leleni [tr] (n) accompany. Synonym: nana; latin. 2. address term for mother. ka sasani; ka sini. In south: ga leleni Synonym: mama [itau] [kaa lee-lee-nil itet En] obs. 1. father. Synonym: tata; ka lev [intr] (n) walk with fe et firmly on tamen; ulmatu. 2. address term for father. ground. Kika lev viirei en hem, konakittei. Synonym: tata [itete] Walk with your feet firmly on the ground, don't limp. Synonym: mual lev. In south: ga lev [kaa-Ieve]

- K - ka lubu [intr] (n) walk in the middle. In south: ga lubu [kaa luhuu] ka [conj] 1. and. Out Senarei mul vas Tavie ka mOti [tr] (n) find. In south: ga moleti ka Luli. Senarei is between Tavie and Luli. [kaa mooti] Synonym: at. 2. but. Kosa ro lesi vf kaliko ke v f ala ten vakili, ka mulamun ouheih. ka rnhit [loc] (n) all around. Komai vasf Today we see that it is cloth which is the ka rahit enout Voum mevus meva en sfv. silll of a canoe, but before it used to be All of us from around Paama went onto the pandanus leaf. PNCV: *qa [kaa] ship. In south: ga rnhit [kaa rahiti] kal [int] yes. Tom vfsinau vit nfha Santo en ka rnhitkoe [tr] (n) surround; go right avong etel, ka inau navit '/(a, nihftaSanto around. A manta muka mai kara hit koe en av ong ete/". Tom asked me if I was inaus. A bird flew right around me. In going to Santo on Wednesday and I said south: ga rnhitkole [kaa rahiti koe] "Yes, I'll be going to Santo on Wednesday". [kaa] ka ravobong [intr] (n) get lost. In south: ga ramobong [kaa ravobongo] 37 ka sai [intr] (n) come from a long way kahin [suff] 1. dry bark at joints of cane. 2. away. K eik koka sai viirei komfta enout leaves surrounding husk of seed [kahi-] V oum. You have come to Paama from a long way away. In soutq: ga sal [kaa sail kahin kati [tr] (n) 1. stand either side of. Tovi'ihin katSi las avolah iatel en voto. Let's ka sasaID [tr] (n) accompany. Synonym: stand either side s>fSilas to have our photo ka leleni; ka sini. In south: ga sasani taken. 2. cross. Ai elu lukahin katkeilu. The [kaa saasaani] two pieces of wood were crossed over each other. 3. lie on circumcision wound. ka sini [tr] (n) accompany. Synonym: ka Vekaho keil aromatiltei avahitnae avi'ihin kat leleni; ka sasani. In south: ga sini [kaa manuone. The circumcised boys wouldn't siini] sleep in case they lay on their wounds. See: kahini [ahini kati] ka suai [intr] (n) walk without being seen. Koakeilek ke avaov lit fr, keil amules aka kahini [tr] (n) carry under arm. In south: suai. The ones who were to chase us away gahini [ahini] were walking around without us seeing them. In south: ga suai [kaa suai] kahiti [tr] (n) 1. make into pudding. M eteilau on en reiahis mftate lkahiti telkani. ka ut [intr] (n) 1. travel overland (rather His nephew cut the banana down and they than by boat or canoe). V ot vas ve utemau made it into pudding and ate it. 2. include as enout M oru, memules meka ut vo merokol meat in pudding. Mellah hisuputmeltuvtei out S ameau. The boat just went ashore at amanhemai niahiti. You two take your Moru, and we travelled overland as far as bows and shoot some birds and I will make Sameau. 2. travel on foot (rather than by car them into pudding. In south: gahiti.See: or bus). In south: ga ut [kaa ute] kah- [ahiti] ka vii [intr] (n) stick together in a group. kahkah [intr] (n) break ground in garden. Navis keke mahiteni mini keke metetos In south: gahokah. See: eikahkah [kaho meteka vil. I shouted to tell him that we kaho] should all stick together. kahouti [tr] (n) hold canoe in straight kah- [v] (n) make pudding. In south: gah-. ahead position (with paddle held fast behind See: kahiti PNCV: *kabu [ahi] as rudder). In south: gahauti [ahouti] kah koe [tr] (n) cover over in pudding. kai [intr] (n) scoop out. See: kekai K ei vous ulmatu maisuk re ini va en avul, [reduplicated form]; eikai; eikekai . In kei kahkoe en aek. He carried the old man south: gal [kai] and threw him into the hole and covered him over in the pudding. In south: gah kai ! (n) Only in havivi kai . In south: kill kole [ahi koe] [kaai] kahiah [intr] (n) make pudding. Mama kai2 [sintr] Only in mis kai [kaai] onakmul kahiah, klmaiteim . My mother is making pudding, come over. In south: kaikai [intr] (n)move. A hinali rokatikeke gahiah. Derived from: kah- [by iii nakaikai.His sister kept her foot on the reduplication] [ahi-ahi] wood in case it moved. In south: galokal. Derived from: mukai [by reduplication] kahiahin [intr] (n) crossed. A hang emai en [kai-kai] iiielu lukahiahin. Fire came out of two trees that were crossed over. In south: gahiahin kaka [intr] (n) 1. walk. M ekiikameva en [ahi-ahine] meteimal sav. We walked to another village. 2. [of child just learning to walk] toddle. kahimeten [suff] eyelid. Derived from: Derived from: ka [by reduplication]. In kahin; meten [kahi-meto-] south: gaka [kaa-kaa] 38

return for the one I tore. In south: kelesi. kidi [tr] (n) 1. pinch. 2. pluck guitar See: sin kesi; sakesi ; vit kesi. strings. 3. pick bush vegetables. Variant of: Reduplicated form kekesi. PNCV: *qele kiniti. In south: ngini ti ; ngidi [idi] [keesi] kil [intr] (n) dig. Mekil mevaluh ouh, ka keva [loc] over there. See: va [kee-vaa] ouh aluhi mukok. We dig to plant yams, and this is how yams are planted. In south: kevina [loc] up over there. See: vina [ke gil [iii] vinaa] kil lati [tr] (n) dig out. In south: gil lati kevita [loc] down over there. See: VIta [iii laati] [ke-viitaa] kil leini [tr] (n) dig up. In south: gil leini ki [n] 1. key. 2. tuning on guitar [kii] kur [ili lei-ni] ki tune guitar. kil rani [tr] (n) dig some of. Inauma hina ki kati [tr] (n) lock up. Synonym: 10k mail vasf uhia keke nakilran i. I'm going up kati. In south: gi kati [kii kati] there to dig the rest of the wild yams that I only dug some of. In south: gil rani [iii ki lati [tr] (n) unlock. In south: gl lati [kii rani] laati] kil silati [tr] (n) dig up by accident. In kid kati [tr] (n) grasp hold of (in fighting). south: gil silati [iii silati] M uloh varei vo kid kat thamol. He ran right over and grabbed hold of the lise/sef . kilas [n] 1. mirror. 2. telescope. 3. diving Variant of: kinit kati . In south: ngid kati goggles. 4. drinking glass. 5. window of [idi kati] kid kat hiren have one's arms car. 6. glass. Bislama: glas [kilaasi] around someone's neck (as gesture of friendship). kilati [tr] dig out. Bul kilii1marm ariiii keil hatetamen. The bulldozer dug out all of the kid kirlciriti [tr] (n) pick at food when not huge trees. See: kiIi; lati [kilaati] hungry. Variant of: kinit kirlciriti. In south: ngid kirlciriti [idi kiri-kiriti] kHau [sintr] Only in r6 kJlau [kiilau]

kid kotehei [tr] (n) break off bush kile [intr] (n) educated; knowledgeable; vegetables with fingers to get the soft tips. clever. In south: gilel . See: kileile Variant of: kinit kotehei. In south: ngidi [reduplicated form] PNCV: *ilo [ilee] kotehei [idi kotehe] kite kati [tr] (n) 1. remember. 2. know kid loklokoa [tr] (n) pinch until soft. inside out. In south: gilel kati [ilee kati] Variant of: kinit loklokoa. In south: ngidi lokolokoa [idi loko-Iokoa] kile saseneni [tr] (n) realise. Nakile sasokuningasuk rovitei PapaNoel, vf mama kid vim [tr] (n) switch off (engine or orer kei ling presen keil. Then I realised it switch). Variant of: kinit vim. In south: wasn't Father Christmas who left the ngidi vim [idi vinii] presents, but it was our mother. In south: gilel saseneni [ilee saase-ne-ni] kid visi [tr] (n) break off small piece of food to taste it. Variant of: kinit visi. In kilea [tr] (n) 1. know. Narokiletei tumali. I south: ngidi visi [idi viisi] don't know your brother. 2. know how to. K okilea kovoumon hisuput? Do you know kidekaten [n] kindergarten, pre-school how to make a bow? 3. be able to. Heilea [kidekatene] hemai. She will be able to come. In south: gilela PNCV: *kilaJa [ilea] 46 kileile [intr] (n) educated; knowledgeable; kinakin [intr] (n) throb. Lohok ras clever. Keik em vati kovaileile? Do you kinakin. My tooth is throbbing. In south: want to be educated? Derived from: kile ginakin [kina-kine] [by reduplication]. In south: gileleilel [ile ilee] kini [tr] (n) lock. Derived from: ki. In south: gini [kii-ni] kileni [tr] (n) aware of. Aumaiaionglong, akilen tounah keilek havipi. They became kinit kati [tr] (n) grasp hold of (in knowledgeable, and they became aware of fighting). Variant of: kid kati . In south: things a bit. In south: gileleni. Derived nginit kati [initi kati] from: kile [kilee-ni] kinit kirkiriti [tr] (n) pick at food when kiles kati [tr] (n) 1. screw up; do up. 2. not hungry. Variant of: kid kirkiriti. In turn off tap. See: kilesi. In south: giles south: nginit kirkiriti [initi kiri-kiriti] kati [ilesi kati] kinit kotehei [tr] (n) break off bush kiles Hiti [tr] (n) 1. unscrew; undo. 2. turn vegetables with fingers to get the soft tips. on tap. See: kilesi. In south: giles lati Variant of: kid kotehei. In south: nginit [ilesi laati] kotehei [initi kotehe] kiles tetali [tr] (n) drill hole. Lukiles tetal kinit loklokoa [tr] (n) pinch until soft. meteriril en vakili. The two of them drilled Variant of: kid loklokoa. In south: the small holes into the canoe. See: kilesi. nginit lokolokoa [initi loko-lokoa] In south: giles tetaii [ilesi te-tali] kinit vim [tr] (n) switch off (engine or kilesi [tr] (n) turn; twist. Aman mul kiles switch). Variant of: kid vini. In south: vatin, mul sakin sain. The bird was turning nginit vim [initi vinii] its head to make a sign. In south: gilesi [ilesi] kinit visi [tr] (n) break off small piece of food to taste it. Variant of: kid visi. In kili [tr] (n) 1. dig. Akil vulvul ten tahul. south: nginit visi [initi viisi] They dug a hole for the rubbish. 2. dig up. A uva akilouh. They went and dug up the kiniti [tr] (n) 1. pinch. 2. pluck guitar yams. In south: gili PNCV: *kili [iii] strings 3. pick bush vegetables. Variant of: kidi. In south: nginiti PNCV: *kiniti kililini [tr] (n) 1. stick into ground. A his [initi] keil ke 'm asin-gan' akilflini ka rahit en eim keil ke mematilien. The guns called kinkin [intr] (n) follow someone round 'machine guns' were stuck into the ground closely all the time. In south: ginikin [kini around the buildings we slept in. 2. build kini] house. Kilflin eim va evus ka telraen. He made a house and then they lived in it. In kinkin kati [tr] (n) follow round closely south: gililini [iliilini] all the time. In south: ginikin kati [kini kini kati] kilisu [n] kind of vine. A su vina kur viau ta avise en kilfsu rilfasen ato eni. The rat kiras [n] grass. Synonym: munai; went and got a vine called kilisu to sew up oumunai. Bislama: gras [kiraasi] the hermit crab's genitals with. [kiliisue] kirl

kis2 [intr] (n) [of eye] injured (by stone or kiskisvot [n] index finger (so-called shot); get something in one's eye. M eten because it is this finger that cleans the anus kis. He got something in his eye. In south: after defecation). Derived from: kiskis; gis [kiso] avot [kisi-kisi-vote] kis3 [intr] (n) get as far as a particular kisril [sintr] (n) go through. See: lele place; go no further than particular place. In kisril; kis ril. In south: kisiril [kisi-rilu] south: gis [kisi] kisriluni [str] (n) go through. See: kiskis kis kati [tr] (n) 1. press ground hard kisriluni; duv kisriluni. Derived from: around seed after planting. 2. pinch onto kisril. In south: kisiriluni [kisi-rilu-ni] something. See: kisi. In south: gis kati [kisi kati] lOs kat horan stand with one's kit [intr] (n) limp. Kikiilev viirei en hem hands on one's hips. kfmai, konakittei. Walk with your feet firmly on the ground, don't limp. Synonym: kis koe [tr] (n) put fingers in one's ears (to mkit. In south: gil See: kitkit keep out noise). Morasi mul kis koe [reduplicated form] [kito] ralingen, amusou longe tfsa. Morasi has put her fingers in her ears because she doesn't kita [n] guitar. Bislama: gita [kitaa] like their singing. See: kisi. In south: gis kole [kisi koe] kitkit [intr] (n) limp. Synonym: rakil Derived from: kit [by reduplication]. In kis mal [intr] (n) emerge; come out. Volia south: gitokit [kito-kito] kei kis mal ran voihus. The spider came out of the coconut shell. In south: gis mal [kisi k1asmm [n] classroom. Bislama: klasrum malu] [klasrume] kis ril [intr] (n) creep through small hole. kHnik [n] clinic; dispensary. Bislama: K iles asu tii kisril vii neim en metekisiril. klinik [kliiniki] Look at the rat creeping in through the small hole in the wall. In south: gis ril [kisi rilu] koa [rei] who; which; that. Synonym: koan; ke; keke [koaa] kis tal [intr] (n) 1. emerge; come out. 2. appear. 3. be descended from. Koakeilakis koakeil [n] (n) those ones; they (plural). tal en vuas.They are descended from apig. Koakeilavit "hein" ka inau navit "k d ' They In south: gis tal [kisi tali] said "Is that so?" and I said "Yes". In south: koakail. See: koa; keil [koa-keile] kisi1 [tr] (n) poke. Kokis metok. You poked me in the eye. In south: gisi. See: koakeilu [n] (n) those two; they (dual). 0, kiskis [reduplicated form] PNCV: *kizi koakeilu lutesav tuai. Oh, those two have [kisi] changed. In south: koakaitel. See: koa; keilu [koa-keilue] kisi2 [str] go through. See: mv kisi; ro kisi [kisi] koakeitel [n] (n) those few; they (paucal). In south: koakaitel. See: koa; keitel kiskis [intr] (n) poke fi nger through small [koa-keitelu] space. In south: gisikis. Derived from: kisi [kisi-kisi] koan1 rind] some of. Luk kur kat vakili onen ka kur ulmatu onak,ka atouli keil kiskis kisriluni [tr] (n) poke fingers koan, ka tounah keil koan. Luke got his through small space to pick something out. canoe and took my father, some of the girls, In south: gisikis kisiriluni [kisi-kisi kisi and some of the things. M eatin koan rilu-ni] amusili avina Hinuvoi. Some of the people followed him up to Hinuvoi. Synonym: tei; hay [koani] 48 koan2 [reI] who; which; that. Synonym: kokorute [link] foam; froth. Kokohfte koa; ke; keke [koani] houlu mul en voini mak.My beer has got a lot of froth on it. Synonym: sfkokohfte koanik [mod + n] 1. this; that. Ani koanik [kokohi-] vi"ahus. This coconut is one without flesh. 2. this one; that one. Inaunarom ilmodei kokohfven [suff] 1. saliva. 2. dribble. koanik. I didn't do that. Derived from: Synonym: sfkokohfven; sfkokohin; koan [koani-ke] kokohin. Derived from : kokohfte; aven [kokohi-i-ve-] koe [str] (n) 1. block up. A ling koe. They put it in the way. 2. prevent. Tokita vit kokohu [intr] (n) nauseous. In south: koenau vit niromudeim un vatimeiii. The gokohu [kokohuu] doctor has forbidden me to drink any more kava. 3. protect. Amusou koe. They sang to kokohutu [intr] (n) dry retch. Synonym: protect him. See: muti koe; ling koe. mm " hon. In south: gokohutu Reduplicated form: kokoe. In south: kole [kokohutuu] PNCV: *koro [koe] kokol [n] brown-coloured fur. Synonym: koil [tr] (n) 1. grate coconut. Ouh emas tanimei [kokolo] amutah oai va, akoimat ou, avusuni. When the yam is cooked, the water is poured kokoli [n] kind of breadfruit [kokolii] away, the coconut grated and the milkis added to the food. 2. scrape skin of taro, kokoloni [str] (s) wait by. In north: yam etc (to remove burn). In south: goi kokeni [kokolo-ni] PNCV: *kori [oil kokoriit1 [n] childre n's buzzer (made out koi2 [intr] (n) climb tree and remove fruit of coconutleaves) [kokoraato] with bamboo pole. See: eikoi. In south: gol [kole] kokoriit2 [intr] (n) [of rooster] crow. En visokon, ato kokorat evus, nasital. In the koi lati [tr] (n) scrape out. In south: goi morning,after the cocks had crowed, I went lati [oi laati] outside. In south: gokorat [kokoraato] koini [tr] (n) 1. climb tree and remove fruit kokoros [n] cockroach. (This word of with bamboo pole. Akoin veta. They Bislama origin has almost completely climbed the breadfruit treeand dislodged replaced the original word veivei in modem the fruit with a bamboo pole. 2. remove hot Paamese.) Bislama: kokros [kokorose] stones from cooking hole. A koin ahat. They removed the cooking stones. In south: kokota [intr] (n) [of hen] cluck. In south: goleni. Derived from: koi [koi-ni] gokota PNCV: *kota [kokotaa] kokeni [str] (n) wait by. See: matiI koll [intrJ (n) hoe. Akol vina vo masisil. kokeni; rO kokeni. In south: kokoloni They hoed right until it was all done. In [kokee-ni] south: gol [koli] kokoe [str] (n) 1. block up. 2. prevent. kol2 [intr] (n) [of tuber] go bad. In south: Derived from: koe. In south: kokole [ko gol [koli] koe] kol lati [tr] (n) chase away. See: kole. In kokohiloholu [n] kind of tree. Derived south: gole lati [ole laati] from : kokohfte; loholu [kokohi-Ioholue] kol leini [tr] (n) chase all over. See: kole. kokohin [suff] 1. saliva. 2. dribble. In south: gole leini [ole lei-nil Synonym: sfkokohin; sfkokohfven; kokohfven [kokohi-] 49 kol rabiti [tr] (n) hoear ound. In south: volcanic residue floating on surface of sea). gol rabiti [koli rahiti] In south: gon PNCV: *kokona [koono] tinkon angry. kol� leini [tr] (n) 1. rake fire to spread over garden. 2. remove pieces of firewood kon2 [n] corn. Synonym: sila. Bislama: from fire. Synonym: kolasi. In south: kon [koono] golas leini [olasi lei-nil kon voini [n] (n) kind of corn. In south: kolasi [tr] (n) 1. rake fire to spread over kon volaini [koono voi-i-nii] garden. 2. remove pieces of firewoodfrom fire. Synonym: kolas leini. In south: kon vong [n] kind of corn [koonovongi] gol�i [olasi] konakon [sintr] Only in lele konakon; kole [tr] (n)chase; run after. Huli les basi mul konakon; rou kOnakon [kona soutin, kolesuk vo basi rokol out teim kone] mulamun. The dog saw the cat in the distance and ran after it, but the cat got kononi [str] block up. See: remkononi. home first. Synonym: seavoni; lit kati. Derived from: mukon [kono-ni] In south: go Ie [kole] korl [intr] (n) [of hen] cluck (in search of koli [tr] (n) hoe. Out helan nikol Olan.I chickens). In south: gor [koro] will hoe the ground at daybreak. In south: goli [koli] ko� [sintr] do last. Lah komai vokomai koanmekiitau kor. He took some of us until kolosis [n] toilet. Synonym: kapine. there were only the last ones of us left. Bislama: klosis (from English closet) [koro] [kolosise] kor lekati [tr] (n) cluck in search of komI [n] comb. Bislama: kom [koomo] chickens. A to kor lekOl tftiin, tfranviovi lekOl IOlin. The hen was clucking in search kom2 [intr] (n) comb hair. Keik of her chickens, and the chicks were kirokomtei? Aren't you going to comb your chirping in search of their mother. In south: hair? In south: gom [koomo] gor lekati [koro lee-kati] kom vasi [tr] (n) part one's hair. In south: koroni [str] do for the last time. Lehean gom vasi [koomo vaasi] koron ouh. Let's eat yam for the last time. Derived from: kor [koro-ni] komai [prj we all; all of us (firstperson plural exclusive). Komai vasfmesf komai kosa1 [t] 1. now. Komai koslisek ? Did you ven selasien onom. We are all very pleased just come? 2. today [kosaa] with what you have said. PNCV: *qami [komai] kosa2 [intr] (n) 1. do what. Keik kovina Ulveah kokosa? When you went to Lopevi komaitel [prj we few; us few (first person what did you do? 2. get along. Rais mul paucal exclusive). Komaitelme trolestei keik kosa? How is the rice getting on? In south: nanganeh. We didn't see you yesterday. gosa. See: koseini; heisa; vasa [kosaa] [komaitelu] koseini [tr] (n) do what? Kokosein anien komal [prj we two; us two (first person iik? What have you done with my food?In dual exlusive). Komal melvfta aiou, keik south: goseini. See: kosa; heiseini; kitos? The two of us are going to the beach vaseini [koseini] do you want to come along? [komalu] kosemi [tr] (n) husk coconut. Kei kur ani konl [intr] (n) 1. sour; bitter. 2. [of water] kosemi en til ttil . He took a coconutand salty; brackish. 3. [of eyes] stinging(from 50 husked it on a stick. In south: go semi your case finished yet? Derived from: kot PNCV: *kosomi [osemi] [kooti-ene] kosi [tr] (n) drill. In south: gosi. See: kotiot [intr] (n) cut copra. Derived from: koskos [reduplicated form] [kosi] koti [by reduplication]. In south: gotiot [oti-oti] koskos [intr] (n) drill. Hanoaii kekek mul koskos vfta netan vosakin vaneikenek. That kotkot [intr] (n) hop. Derived from: kot person was drilling down to make the [by reduplication]. In south: gotikot [koti volcano. In south: gosikos. Derived from: koti] kosi [by reduplication] [kosi-kosi] kotkotehei [str] break in two. Derived kot1 [intr] (n) hop. In south: got. See: from: kotehei [by reduplication] [kote kotkot [reduplicated form] ; eikot [koti] kotehe] kot2 [sintr] go across. See: rei kot; mul kou [sintr] (n) Only in leh kou. See: kot; eikot PNCV: *koto [koto] kekou [reduplicated form]. In south: kau [kou] kot [intr] (n) discuss public issue in meeting house. Ikat venuk kosa. They will kou Hiti [tr] (n) 1. unload cargo. 2. be discussing you in the meeting house discharge passengers. Synonym: kouni; today. In south: got. Bislama: kot [kooti] rivini. In south: gau Hiti [kou laati] koteh [intr] (n) closed; shut. Sitoa koteh kouhini [tr] (n) 1. dig earth oven. 2. stir tai. The store is already closed. In south: up, chum up (sea). Vanei mul kouhin atos. goteh [otehe] The volcano was churning up the sea. In south: gauhini [ouhini] koteh koe [tr] (n) 1. close up. 2. shut in. In south: goteh kole [otehe koe] kouli [tr] (n) drill hole into. In south: gauli [kouli] kotehei [str] break in two. See: vul kotehei; miikotehei; rakotehei; sak koun [suff] (n) 1. rib. 2. side of body. kotehei. Reduplicated forms: kotkotehei; Namuttnau mul en kouk. I hit myself in the kotetehei [kotehe] side. Synonym: usiven. In south: kaun [kou-] koteheni [tr] (n) close; shut. Maotehen metare h. I'll close the door. Derived from: kouni [tr] (n) 1. unload cargo. 2. discharge koteh. In south: goteheni [otehe-ni] passengers. S tV koun isei? Who came off the ship? Synonym: rivini; kou Hiti. In kotetehei [str] break many things in two. south: gauni [kou-ni] A ngu vul koteteh matou rivtni mai dan . The hurricane snapped many coconut trees and kov [intr] (n) throw things. Isei mul kov? threw them down. Derived from : kotehei Who is throwing things? See: kove. In [by reduplication] [kotetehe] south: gOY rove] koti [tr] (n) 1. scoop out copra. 2. cut copra kov kokoa [tr] (n) throw things until for a living. Navong tiii, inau Sakai atau something is soft. In south: gOY kokoa onen metkot matou Lovu. Once I was rove kookoa] cutting copra on Malakula with Sakai and his wife. In south: goti. See: kotiot kov Uilauni [tr] (n) throw things at [reduplicated form] PNCV: *10to [oti] something secretly and quietly so as not to be discovered. In south: gOY lalauni rove kotien [n] case; discussion in meeting laalaau-ni] house. Katien onom ro v ustei veah? Isn't 51

kov Hiti [tr] (n) throw something to koveini [str] leave. See: sokoveini; loh dislodge something (especially fruit high in koveini [kovei-ni] tree). In south: gov Hiti rove laati] koveni [tr] (n) throw away. Keil kov liti [tr] (n) chase away with stones arokovedeisuk vahli, asoniesuk viimu L en and other missiles. In south: gov liti rove asem . They didn't throw it away, they just liti] threw it onto the outrigger. In south: goveni. Derived from: kov [ove-ni] kov rahini [tr] (n) swamp (canoe). Tahe tiii emai kov rahin komaitel Vasl, ka vakili kover [int] shut up. Derived from: ver madu vIta netan. A wave came and [koo-vere] completely swamped us, and the canoe sank right down. In south: gov rahini [ove kovi en] Fijian asparagus (Saccharum rahini] eduLe) [koovio] kov vasi [tr] (n) throw something at Krismes en] Christmas. Bislama: Krismes something to break it. In south: gov vasi [krismes] les Krismes spend Christmas. rove vaasi] Keik kiLes Krismeskave? Where will you be spending Christmas? kov vim [tr] (n) stone to death. In south: gov vim rove vinii] kuana rind] six (in liseJseJlanguage). Synonym: ahitai PNCV: *ono [kuanaa] kova [int] down the hatch (said by the person serving kava or a glass of liquor or kubusi [tr] (n) bend. Synonym: lubusi. In shellful of kava that is to be drunk in one south: gubusi [kubusi] gulp). Derived from: va [koo-vaa] kudisi [tr] (n) 1. replace. Kei hekudis tata kovanges [t] (s) 1. afternoon. 2. evening. onen. He will replace his father. 2. take In north: medilah [kovangese] back. K ei hekudis asonsomok netin. He took back his real wife. In south: ngudisi kovaovasi [tr] (n) 1. clap hands [kudisi] kudis seliisien answer repeatedly. 2. pat. Ek vati maovaovas huli. I want to pat the dog. Derived from: kovasi kuh1 [mod] 1. just right. V I ani kuh viirei. [by reduplication]. In south: govaovasi It is just right as a green coconut. 2. [ ova-ovasi] carefully [kuhi] kovas katl [tr] (n) slap in fury. See: kuh2 [sintr] be just right. A his men kuh kovasi. In south: govas katl [ovasi kati] viirei. The bananas are just ripe enough. [kuhi] kovasi [tr] (n) 1. slap. 2. clap hands. A Sl keil, amakulka akovas he. They were kuhi [str] do carefully. Kum kuhiek. Do it happy and they shouted for joy and clapped carefully now. [kuhi] their hands. In south: govasi. See: kovaovasi [reduplicated form] [ovasi] kui [tr] (n) lift with lever. Navong ke akui vatiheiei vIta navotout, meatintovuelim un kove1 [tr] (n) throw something at; stone. vakulati vatei risi vahina. When they levered Isei kovenau? Who threw that at me? See: the wild cane down to the bottom of the kov. In south: gove PNCV: garden, nobody else could roll it back up. In *kubwi/kubwe fling/throw stick at [ove] south: gui Cui] kove2 [tr] (n) board (ship). Visuvong iov kiik [intr] (n) cook. lsei hekuk am?Who s[v [ha Santo. Tomorrow they will board will cookfor you? In south: giik. Bislama: the ship to Santo. In south: gove rove] kuk [kuuke] kove [n] coffee. Bislama: kofi [koovee] 52 kiik loklokoa [tr] (n) cook until soft. In went to look at himself in a pool of water. south: giik lokolokoa [kuuke loko-lokoa] In south: gul molakol . Derived from: mukul [kulu meakoi] kiikeni [tr] (n) 1. cook. 2. boil. Inau makUken n. I am going to boil some tea. In kul vOvu [intr] (n) buzz. In south: gul south: gOkeni. Derived from : kiik[kuuke vOvu [kule vuuvuu] nil kulal [tr] (n) happen to. Naromudemtei kukiang [n] (n) kind of fishwith stripes keke mahit asa nakulainau. I didn't think and spotted tail and fins. In south: angile about what would happen to me. Tounah [kukiange] vasf kula keilu, keilu vasf lumatmat. Everything happened to the pair of them, kuku [int] into carry. A vu kuku. It is and they both died. In south: gula [kule] granny who is carrying you. [kukuu] kula2 [intr] (n) move house to live with kOku [intr] (n) hoot to announce arrival of someone else. lnau niromaitei lehto, keik ship. Derived from: muku [by kikula kfmailehto kele. I won't come and reduplication]. In south: gOku [kuu-kuu] stay with you, you move out and come and stay here. In south: gula [kulaa] kiiku kati [tr] (n) hoot at to announce arrival of ship. Akaku katsf vsa? What ship kulati [tr] (n) 1. pick up. 2. remove. Melvit are they hootingabout? In south: giiku melvakulattata onakvama isuk V oum veni kati [kuu-kuu kati] mesai houlu. We wanted to remove my fa ther to Paama because he was very sick. kukuluav [intr] (n) shoot arrow in same 3. position oneself at sea so that one place is direction as before to locate previously lost lined up with another. Nakulat out Tanso va arrow. In south: gukuluav [kukuluave] ranow Viong sowin viireis. I positioned myself so that southeast Ambrym came a kukuluaveni [intr] (n) shoot arrow in long way out from Viong. 4. take off same direction as before to locate clothes. Navong kfmai neim, kulat sUs previously lost arrow. Rovotfdei atuv onen, onom . If you come inside, take off your kukuluaven atuv tamun va. He couldn't find shoes. Synonym: silati. 5. adopt child. his arrow, so he shot another one in the Synonym: kur kani. In south: gulati same direction to see where it went. [kulaati] Synonym: van usiIi. In south: gukuluaveni [kukuluave-ni] kuli [tr] (n) 1. bathe. 2. wet. Synonym: kasi. In south: gUIi [kulii] kul amen [intr] (n) say amen. Ulmatu vfs vo munak ke kul amen, lavutviir ei lusital. kuli Ieini [tr] (n) wash off. Vatin vf atas, The old man prayed, and as soon as he said muloh viirei vfta en atas, kuli leini va. His amen, the two of them jumped right outside. head was nothing but excrement, so he ran In south: gul amen [kule aamene] right down to the sea to wash it off. In south: guli Ieini [kulii lei-nil kul anatineni [tr] (n) 1. trust. N akul anatinen TUs V otat. I trust the Bible. 2. kulidou [n] (s) triggerfish (Pteropterus prove. Keik kolesi, kul anatineni kenek, antennatus). In north: hilirou. Derived veni fr vasfrolesi. You've seen it and that from: kulite; idou [kuli-idou] proves it, because we've all seen it. In south: guI anatineni. Derived from: kulit [n] kind of fern with edible leaf. anatin [kule anatine-ni] Variant of: u1it [kulite] kul meakoi [intr] (n) dye one's hair; wash kulmeakoien [n] (n) dye. Holholiveta ro oneself in dye. Holholiveta vahii vakul sak mesen kulmeakoien onen ka vaha meakoiva les meterumrum ta. The vakuluen. The flycatcher was preparing his flycatcher was going to dye himself so he dye so he could dye himself with it. In 53 south: kulmolakoloen. Derived from: kumal vamukin [n] kind of sweet potato kul meakoi [kulu-meakoi-ene] [kumale vamukine] kuluail [n] yam vine frames made of kumala [n] 1. sweet potato. 2. sl. sexual chopped down trees stuck in rows into the intercourse. Variant of: kumal [kumalaa] ground on either side of garden [kuluai] kumi [tr] (n) 1. squeeze. Konakumtei metal kuluai2 [intr] (n) make yam vine frames keil! Don't squeeze your pimples! 2. by chopping down trees and sticking them wrestle. K eilu lumuaskeilu, lumutf keilu, into the ground on either side of garden. In lukum keilu vo titamolmuas ulmatu. They south: guluai [kuluai] hit each other, they punched each other, they wrestled each other but in the end the kuluaini [tr] (n) make trees into yam lisefs ef beat the old man. In south: gumi. framesby sticking them in rows alongside See: kumkum[reduplicated form] PNCV: garden. Ouh akuluaini tm? Have the yam *kumi [kumi] frames been put up for the yams yet? Derived from: kuluai. In south: guluaini kumkum [intr] (n) wrestle. Mealin vit: [kuluai-ni] Inau lokumkum, naromutautei, tam kenek. The man said: I didn't defecate while we kulill [intr] (n) 1. quake; tremble (as in were fighting, that is your excrement there. earthquake). A tan kulal. There was an In south: gumukum. Derived from: kumi earthquake. 2. quiver; tremble. N amules [by reduplication] [kumu-kumu] nakulal, anni katinau, maroro kalinaumun. I was trembling, I was cold and I felt thirsty kumkumien [n] (n) riot. Komal melvalis too. Synonym: maIeiIei. In south: gulOl vo melro kol uiiv onen Ballande, navonginek [ulu-ulu] suval sesaliesuk vahf marikumkumien, kokilea mevalis mukok, metiiio keil apetini. kulOlunil [tr] (n) rattle. Nakulalun mane We rowed as far as Ballande wharf and onak. I rattled my money. Derived from: there was almost a big riot, as you realise kulul. In south: gulilluni [ulu-ulu-ni] the Europeans were betting on us rowing. In south: kumukumuen. Derived from: kulilluni2 [str] shake. See: sakulOluni kumkum [kumu-kumu-ene] [kulu-ulu-ni] kur [sintr] Only in visisu kur. See: kum kati [tr] (n) 1. squeeze hold of. 2. [of mukur [kuru] vines] grow all over tree. Meles anita, meles heites, oute kosak ras kovalesi veni kur kani [tr] (n) adopt child. Synonym: viau kum kali. We saw a coconut tree but kulati. See: kuri. In south: gur kani [kuri we could only see the fruitand not the kaani] leaves, because vines were growing all over Kei vina it. See: kumi. In south: gum kati [kumi kur kati [tr] (n) 1. hold. 2. catch. kati] vo ro suai en ahaIen v iii ka metiiiokeil akur kali. He went and hid in the rocks at the kum vasi [tr] (n) break open two halves of cliff but the Europeans caught him. 3. keep. coconut with hands that have been cut with 4. hold one's breath. Kokilea kovakurkat axe, but which arenot completely separated. sehien onom ? Can you hold your breath? See: kumi. In south: gum vasi [kumi See: kuri. In south: gur kati [kuri kati] vaasi] kur koe [tr] (n) 1. completely cover. K ei re h hilfven vuas en uruvoten uan onen vo kumal [n] 1. sweet potato. 2. sl. sexual intercourse. Variant of: kumala Bislama: munak reh vasi, ala mfta kur koe vasfnan. kumala [kumale] He cut at the pig skin in his brother-in-Iaw's anus until he cut through it, and then excrement came down and completely 54 covered his face. 2. protect. See: kuri. In kur toni [tr] (n) 1. drop. 2. miss. south: gur kole [kuri koe] K oakeiteluk telmfra telsel mini veni keke kur ton vuas. The others came down and kur lalauni [tr] (n) take surreptitiously. told him off for missing the pig. See: kuri. See: kuri.In south: gur lalauni [kuri In south: gur toni [kuri too-ni] kur ton laalaau-ni] oreIiato sl. fart. lsei kur ton oreliato? Who farted? kur lei [intr] (n) 1. dissolve. Suka mul kur lei en oai tatin. Sugar dissolves in hot water. kur vim [tr] (n) switch off (of engine etc). 2. melt. Synonym: muolol. In south: gur Nakurvi nf ensin navit maleh vot. I lei. Derived from: mukur [kuru lei] switched off the engine so I could pull the boat ashore. Synonym: muasi. See: kuri. kur lesles [intr] (n) apply curse. A kur In south: gur vim [kuri vinii] lesles en meatin, asakinaven merau.If somebody is cursed, their body weakens. kur vithit [intr] (n) bubble up in water. In See: kuri. In south: gur lesles [kuri lese south: gur vitihit. Derived from: mukur lese] [kuru viti-hiti]

kur maeini [tr] (n) get for free; get for kuri [tr] (n) 1. take. 2. marry. lnau nakur nothing. Amel val riitu, munak amai navong ahin ta tenout Tevaliout. I married a woman ta vamai, rovakurmaeinies rovani.The from Tevaliout. 3. aim for (a place). Nakur breadfruitpit would be there for a long time out Ulveah va va vus, hatte havivfsesuk and one day if a famine came, we could get keke vahava suai. I aimed for Lopevi until it for nothing to eat. See: kuri. In south: there was just a little bit left that was about gur maleini [kuri maeini] to disappear. 4. take photograph of. Synonym: lahi. 5. catch; travel by (means kur maiIini [tr] (n) take with left hand. of conveyance). Keik kokur taksikomai? See: kuri; mail. In south: gur maiIini Did you come here by taxi? 6. [of nail] [kuri maili-ni] come through in right place. Nflkur iii. The nail came through in the right place into the kur mauni [tr] (n) take whole. Munak vit wood. In south: guri [kuri] kur out go for vahoumaunies, ka kei kur maunies va en ok a walk. V ongien titamol kur out mfra. At onen. If he wanted to take it whole, he night, the lisefs ef came down for a walk. would bring it whole into his ship. See: kur am get injured. lnau nakurkoe kamf, kuri; mau. In south: gur mauni [kuri kamfvasfviirei miherokuttei ara, inau nikuri mau-ni] helamun evus kamfsuk. I protect you all, none of you will get injured, I will be the kur matfmi [tr] (n) take with right hand. fi rst of us to get injured. kur elton give See: kuri; matu. In south: gur matfmi birth to baby kur sukul lead service in [kuri matuu-ni] church kur seliisien receive word kur eang get a breath of fre sh air mad kuri kur rasilini [tr] (n) 1. separate. Hina kur sweat; perspire kur ki tune guitar kur riisilfn keilu. Go and separate the two of avong have the time to do something. them. 2. splash. Marim esau ta mita kur riis ilfn aras yen voinan huli. A big fi sh came kuril [n] grasshopper. Variant of: uril down and splashed the sea right in the dog's [kurile] face. See: kuri. In south: gur rasilini [kuri raasilii-ni] kurkurumu [n] incisor teeth [kuru kurumuu] kur suaini [tr] (n) hide. lalu lora, keik viirei kokur suain aruv onak?With the two kus1 [intr] (n) 1. disappear from sight. 2. of us here, it must have been you that hid walk on bottom of sea with hands held up my arrow. See: kuri. In south: gur suaini to see who can go furthest out under water. [kuri suai-ni] In south: gus [kusu] j 55 kus2 [sintr] hide. See: ro kus. kuvivini [tr] (n) wave. Mesan uhia to.min Reduplicated form kuskus. [kusu] mettiio, mul viirei kuvfvfn hen eni, vit "Ekovei, mali!Mor eanien semi/" We gave kuseha [intr] (n) spit from back of the the European some wild yam and he was throat to ward off evil. Nales marisGk keke waving it in his hands and he said "Oh boy, marfte sesavon, namusil eni mukokek, this is great food of yours!" Derived from: nakuseha. I saw an absolutely huge shark kuvini [by reduplication]. In south: and got a fright, so I spat from the back of guvivini [uvi-uviini] my throat to ward it off. In south: gusuh PNCV: *kusuvi [kusehaa] kuvuni [tr] (n) throw upwards; lob. Stik kuvun vakili. The shark threw the canoeup kuskus [sintr] (n) hide. Derived from: kus in the air. In south: guvuni. Derived from: [by reduplication]. In south: kusukus kuv [uvu-ni] [kusu-kusu] kutiit [sintr] Only in sel kutiit [kutuuti] - L - kuv [intr] (n) tip upside down; tip over. Lukuv lava viirei luvosan hou sealu. They tipped right over and they landed on their ladiah [n] kind of breadfruit [ladiahi] hill. In south: gUY [uvu] asem kuv [of canoe] capsize lah1 [intr] [of land] slip; slide. Mateh lah Nou. There was a landslide at Nou. [lahe] kuv leini [tr] (n) 1. tip out all over. 2. lay completely waste. M esaien to.kuv lein keil. lah2 [sintr] 1. do quickly. Synonym: They were all laid out by illness. In south: kalah. 2. do early; do on time. Koromfta gUY leini [uvu lei-nil lahtei ka ahis men. You didn't come on time and the bananas ripened. [lahi] kuv vasi [tr] (n) wipe out; destroy. Marimatou keil ke kokuv vas viireini kek! lah kati [tr] 1. gather up. Ehononek mul Those are big coconut trees that you have rnv ahin Lovu keil, ahinalimu l lah kati. The destroyed. In south: gUY vasi [uvu vaasi] boy was shooting the crabs and his sister was gathering them up. 2. carry with kuv vilesi [tr] (n) tip upside down; tip oneself. See: lahi [lahi kati] over. In south: gUY vilesi [uvu vilesi] lah lati [tr] 1. take out; remove from kuvi [tr] (n) [of blow] hit. Stik kuvun inside. A lah ltit veta en avul. They took the vakili onakkuvf hatte houlu. The shark breadfruit from out of the pit. Synonym: tipped my canoe over and hit it many times. lah leini. 2. pick up. See: lahi [lahi laati] In south: guvi [uvii] lah leini [tr] take out; remove from inside. kuvi alialini [tr] (n) shake head. Nakuvi Synonym: lah Hiti. See: lahi [lahi lei-nil alialfn vatuk . I shookmy head. In south: guvi alialini [uvii alialii-ni] lah m6taini [tr] 1. remove unwanted parts from. Amul alah motain vatiahul ka ohtimun kuvi leini [tr] (n) shake out and all over. va. They would remove the pith of the Anga kuvi lei vasf hungimatou keil rivfni breadfruit, and the seeds too. 2. remove mai dan. The hurricane shookout all of the covering from. A ro alah motain ahatma bunches of coconutsand threw them down. nesa ka ouai, alah ltitveta en avul. They In south: guvi leini [uvii lei-nil removed the rocks from the top, along with the leaves, and they removed the covering kuvini [tr] (n) 1. wave. Nakuvfn hek, from the breadfruit out in the pit. See: lahi korolestei. I waved my hand but you didn't [lahi mootai-ni] see. 2. shake. See: kuvivini [reduplicated form) . In south: guvini [uvii-ni] 56 lab pil [intr] [of torch] shine with Hinuvoi people prepared food for the narrowly focussed beam. Tos onak lah pil, Seneali people, they came with the Hinuvoi keik onom ras il. My torch shines with a people, and the friendshipfrom that still narrow beam but yours has a wide beam. exists today. 2. meeting; gathering. Derived See: lahi [lahi pilu] from: lab ruai [lahi-ruai-ene] lab piluni [tr] carry all in one hand. A re i 1m [n] garlic. Bislama: lae(from French lah pi/un hungiau an va tas. Arei carried his I'ail) [laai] dragon plums all in one hand. See: lahi [lahi pilu-ni] Ima [intr] (n) [of stomach] full. Vangok Lma. I am full. Synonym: musaIn south: lab rasiHni [tr] separate. A lah rasilfn lala [laaiaa] komai, koakei/ke auva amiurzen taun, koakei/ ke auvaamiurz en B lacksand, lait [n] 1. electric light. 2. electricity. koakeilke auvaamum en W hitesand. They Bislama: laet [laite] separated us, with some of us going to work in town, some at Blacksands and laJdak [sintr] lean over. See: rO laJdak; some at Whitesands. See: lahi [lahi raasilii mul laJdak [laki-Iaki] nil laJdakini [str] lean over. See: muti lab ruai [intr] 1. gather together; laklakini; vat laklakini [laki-Iaki-ni] congregate. Keil vasr auvusauva alah ruai enout Pam al. Every single one of them had lalapo[int r] fall down all over the place. congregated at Pamal. 2. hang around Derived from: lapo [by reduplication] [laa (with). Kei mul lah ruai min ehon keil. He laapoo] hangs around with the boys. Synonym: miisili. See: labi [lahi ruai] lalati [sintr] go outwards. Derived from lati [by reduplication] [laa-Iaati] lahataso Only in heilab lahataso [lahatasoo] lalau [sintr] do without being heard; surreptitiously. Kei muLes seWs Lmau. He lahi [tr] 1. carry. 2. pick up (especially of was just whispering. See: mual lalau many small things). A uva alah inga avit [laalaau] avani. They went and picked up the native almonds to eat. 3. take photograph of. lalauni [str] do without being heard; Kilahinau en voto. Take a photograph of surreptitiously. Inau nalong lmaun meatin me. Synonym: kuri . See: lahlab keiL amul aseWs. I overheard the people [reduplicated form] PNCV *lavi [lahi] talking. [laalaau-ni] lahini [str] 1. do quickly. Kian lahin ahis. lam [n] kerosene lamp. Bislama: Lam Eat the banana quickly. Synonym: [laamu] kalahini. 2. do early; do on time [lahi-ni] laman [n] 1. lemon. 2. lime. Bislama: lablab [intr] (n) loaded. Navit makurateh laman[laamane] ka veni keke nalahlah houlu, narokuttei. I wanted to bring some sugarcane but lamulite [link] (s) body hair. In north: because I was heavily loaded I didn't take amite [lamuli -] any. Taksi lahlah tuai. The taxi is already loaded. In south: lahilab. Derived from: Ian [intr] (s) daybreak. Synonym: luv. In lahi [by reduplication] [lahi-Iahi] north: mulan[lani] labruaien [n] 1. friendship; fellowship; Ian [intr] learn. Bislama: Lan[laani] good relationship.Hinuvoi keil amumon anien ta an Seneali keil, rha ital min Hinuvoi keil, ka lahruaien teni mules kosa. When the 57 lanimes [n] (s) drought. Synonym: lasinga[n] (s) kind of lelas tree. In north: avong tatin. Derived from: alan; meso In lei as inga. Derived from: alas; inga north: avong tatin [lani-mese] [laso-ingaa] lanini [tr] teach. Keik komul kolanin lastik [n] shanghai; slingshot. Bislama: Joshua en terak ? Are you teaching Joshua lastik (from English elastic) [laastike] to drive? Synonym: viseini. Derived from: Ian [laani-ni] lasuv [n] juice; grave. Synonym: rite. Bislama: lasup (from French la soupe) lanis [n] speedboat. Synonym: vot. [lasuve] Bislama: lanis (from English launch) [lanise] lasvangeru [n] (s) kind of lelastree. In north: lelas vangeru. Derived from: alas; lanOS [n] 1. language. Synonym: vangeru [Jaso-vange-ruu] selOsien. 2. Paamese language (in the absence of any further specification). Kei latav [n] tressle; long table that is specially selUs lanUs. He speaks Paamese. Bislama: put up for celebration. Bislama: latab(from lanwis [lanuuse] Frenchla table) [latave] lang [intr] frown. Nan lang . He is lati 1 [tr] 1. lift up. 2. raise PNCY: *raqa frowning. Synonym: langis, langlangis [laati] [lango] lati2 [tr] make first bend in yam stakes. langis [intr] frown. Synonym: lang. See: Maim tehiouh. I am going to put the first langlangis [reduplicated form] [langise] bend in the yam stakes. [laati] langlangis [intr] frown. Nan langlangis. lati3 [str] go outwards. Kei mula llittin va He is frowning. Derived from: langis [by en ateli. He vornitted his intestines out into reduplication] [langi-langise] a basket. See: vus lati; lah lati; rokol lati. Reduplicated form: lalati, lelati. langlango [intr] [of sea] have slight swell [laati] (as when there is a northeast wind blowing). A tas langlango. There is a slight latin [suff] mother. Out vong latinealumaL swell on the sea. [Jango-Ian goo] At nightfall, their mother came. Synonym: mama, nana, itau PNCY: *tina [latino-] lapelah [intr] 1. tall. 2. long. 3. [of breasts] pendulous. Synonym: taveah [laapelahi] latov [n] Only uhia latov [latove] lapet [n] party; celebration. Lapet ta lau1 [intr] hunt. Lava lulau lulekat oman Seaside visuvong. There is a party at keil. The two of them went hunting for Seaside tomorrow. Synonym: a1ei. birds. PN CY: *Iako [laau] Bislama: lale t (from French lajete) [lapete] lau2 [intr] [of penis] erect. Synonym: lapo [intr] fall over (from upright keih; tetu [laau] position). See: Ialapo [reduplicated form] [laapoo] lau3 [sintr] Only in vii lau [laau] lapul [n] light globe; globe for torch. laui [intr] go over. Munak aumai, asakras Bislama: lapul(from Fr ench l'ompoule) aviimaien usfte, alaui ras mesau. When they [lapule] came, they couldn't get to the other side and they couldn't go over the fish. PNCY: las [sintr] Only in muto las [Jasi] *Iakau [laauii] 58 lauinil [tr] go over; step over. Navong leh kou2 [intr] (n) sob. In south: leh kau kilaufn eimas hem hetfsa. Ifyou step over [lehe kou] an evil spirit, your leg will go bad. [laauii ni] leh leini [tr] 1. pull out. 2. remove ftrewood from burningfi re to preserve lauini2 [str] go over. Ehon keil amul ason ftrewoodfor next time. Keik kileh lein vol ka laufn viau. The children were ahang . You remove the ftrewood from the throwing the ball over the rope. [laauii-ni] ftre. [lehe lei-ni] latmi [tr] hunt for. Mulamun aviteni avit lehau [intr] witness. Meatin keil houlu avatilum ul lulaun keilu min meteai. Before, aumainamal keke avalehau keke avouas they used to say that the moon and the sun litetai keil. Many people would come to the used to hunt each other. Derived from: lau meeting house to witness the circumcision [laau-ni] of the young boys. [lee-haau] lavi [n] kind of bird [laavii] lehei [tr] 1. pull. 2. bring canoe ashore above high tide line. K eil av inlisuk ut aleh lavlav [intr] (n) flap wings. In south: vakili. Then they went ashore and brought lavelav [lave-lave] the canoe up onto the beach. Synonym: leh kati. 3. hoist (of sail, flag etc). Navong avit le- [v] see. See: lesi [lee] avalehala ten vakili,mu lamun vfouheih. Before when they wanted to hoist the sail leatvohuvoh [n] (s) lungs. In north: of a canoe, it used to be pandanus leaf. 4. maleles. See: kat vohvoh. Derived from: aim with bow. Naleh hisuput vo ro vatuen. I leaten liver; vohuvoh [leato-vohu-vohu] tookaim with the bow and scored a hit. See: lehleh PNCV: *rave [lehe] leh leh kat [intr] 1. stick; get stuck. V iau leh selOsien speak southern variety of kat. The rope got stuck. 2. sticky. Melek Paamese. Meatin keil tenout netan amu/ kekek leh kat. This milk is sticky. aleh se/u.sien. The people from the south speak with their own accent. leh kati 1 [refl] stick; get stuck. Navong ke mani5nkat katasiai vi t voma nesa, avouen lehkouen [n] (n) effort. Lehkouen onen leh kati. When the flying fox bit hold of the ten avong etel vf heisav . His efforts for branch to come up, his wings got stuck. three days were in vain. In south: [lehe kati] lehkauen. Derived from leh kou [lehe kou-ene] leh kati2 [tr] bring canoe ashore above high tide line. Valis vina vo leh kat vakili lehIeh [intr] (n) 1. pull. 2. [of tide] run. Ulveah. He rowed over and brought the A matmul lehleh keih. The tide is running canoe ashore on Lopevi. Synonym: lehei strong. In south: leheleh. Derived from: [lehe kati] lehei [by reduplication] [lehe-lehe] leh kekou [intr] try very hard. Derived lehIehing [intr] argue. Keilu lumu/ from: leh kou [by reduplication]. In south: lu/ehlehing. The two of them were arguing. leh kekau [lehe ke-kou] [lehi-lehing] leh kou1 [intr] (n) 1. struggle. K ei leh kou lei [sintr] 1. go out; go away. Tiret onak en avong etel. He struggledfor three days. mlitot leitai. My sutures had broken away. 2. make an effort. I naus naleh kou en 2. disappear. Auvin lei tai. They had all tovaite, ka kamfvasf viirei mimul en tovaite. died out. 3. do completely. Vatiai kei/ I alone was making an effort on one side, maruarulei vasf. The trees all fell down. while all of you were on the other side. In See: kur lei; meramerau lei [lei] south: leh kau [lehe kou] leihol [n] (s) clear passage through reef. In north: eiboi [leihole] 59 leilei [n] kind of plant [leilei] lelas inga [n] (n) kind of Ie/astree. In south: lasinga [lelaso ingaa] leileini [sintr] go out and all over. Derived from leini [be reduplication] [lei-Iei-ni] lelas vangeru [n] (n) kind of lelas tree. In south: lasvangeru [lelaso vange-ruu] leini [str] go out and all over. Angu kuvi lein matouvasf keil. The cyclone shook out lelati [str] go outwards. See: kur lelati. all of the coconuts. See: sO ieini; Derived from: -Iati [by reduplication] [le vouleini; rivi leini; pus leini. laati] Reduplicated form: leil eini [lei-nil lelati [tr] see in distance. Derived from: leirurnrum [n] (n) whale. Leirumrum kur le- ; lati [lee-laati] TomatRen vita ro en vangenvii mul en atas. The whale took Tomat Ren down into lel el [intr] 1. look. Telro tellele vina its belly and out to sea. [leirumu-rumu] U/veah, out Ulveahahang tovuo vatupanien. They looked towards Lopevi leka [intr] choosy; fussy [leekaaJ and there was no fire smoking there. 2. look in distance. 3. foresee events by lekatil [tr] 1. look for. Keik komul kolekat twitching in nose. 4. keep an eye on isei? Who are you looking for? 2. look something. Jo hn lele ven miigosen. John after. A hin sav tiisuk kei lekat titan keilu. kept an eye on his mango tree. Derived Another woman looked after her two from: le- [by reduplication] [lee-lee] children. 3. govern (as colonial power). Mulcunun lnglan keilu min Veranis lulekat lele2 [sintr] keep lookout. Kei ro lele en fro Before we used to be governed by sfse. He waited on the road. See: ka lele Britain and France. Derived from: le- ; kati [lee-lee] [lee-kati] lele kisri l [intr] peep; look through small lekati2 [str] look for; do in search of. Titan space [lee-lee kisi-rilu] 010 viovio lekat latin. The chick was chirping in search of its mother. See: lele kisri luni [tr] peep at; see through seisei lekati; vohol lekati [lee-kati] small space; lookat through small space [lee-lee kis--rilu-ni] lekotkotehei [tr] see something and then lose trackof it. Derived from: le- ; Iele konakon [tr] look from side to side kotkotehei [lee-kote-kotehe] [lee-lee kona-kona] lelahe [tr] pull tree back to ground to trap Iele rum [intr] look at reflection of pig by tying it to a trap in a position ready something [lee-lee rumu] to spring. Ehon tiii mul lelah olevis, navong olevis rapus, po viirei en tUnali. One boy lele sav [intr] look away. Huli mul lele was bending back an olevis tree but when it sav, basi kur ring loh sai viirei. While the sprang back, it hit his brother. [lelahe] dog was looking away, the cat took the ring and ran away. [lee-lee savo] lel aIauni [tr] spy on. Komai koan memul meleliiliiuni. Some of us were spying on lele tau [intr] look back [lee-lee tau] him. Derived from: le-; Ialauni [lee laalaau-ni] leleak [intr] take canoe on first trip (to test for handling and seaworthiness) [leleaki] lel an [sintr] shining; bright. See: muoh lelan. Derived from: mulan [le-Iani] leleakini [tr] take (canoe) on fIrst trip (to test for handling and seaworthiness). lelas [n] (n) kind of tree with edible leaf Meatin kei vous vatihos emaika vit (Polyscias scutellaria). In south: alas "M aleleakin vakili kekek". The man PNCV: *Ialaso [lelaso] l

60 brought a paddle and said ''I'm going to les [n] lace (for making Mother Hubbard take this canoe for a test". [leleaki-ni] dress). Bislama: les [leesi] leleini [tr] look all around at things (e.g. at lesaIi [tr] discover. M eaJin ta v Itaeau /esal market). Derived from: le-; leini [lee-Iei leirumrum tai mai mules ut. One man went ni] down to the beach and discovered that a whale had come ashore. [lee-saali] lelelau [n] traditional singing [leeleelau] lesi [tr] 1. see. 2. look at. 3. read. See: le leleni [str] keep lookout. Namul naro PNCV: *Ie'?osi [lesi] les Krismes spend leleni teim . I was waiting for him at home. Christmas. Derived from: lele [lee-Iee-ni] lesini [tr] sew seams of Mother Hubbard lelengas [intr] 1. roast. 2. have a barbecue. dress with ribbons or lace. Bislama: les Derived from: lengasi [be reduplication] [leesi-ni] [le-Iengasi] lesles [sintr] Only in kur lesles [lese leler [n] kind of breadfruit [lelere] lese] leIiI [n] kind of breadfruit [leelilu] letau [n] (s) woman. In north: atau [letau] len [suff] inside. In north: en [10-] letauli En] (s) girl. In north: atauli [letaulii] len [intr] cry for someone who has died without meaning it (thereby causing leto [n] truck. Synonym: kamiong. Early somebody else to die) [leenu] Bislama: loto (from French ['auto) [letoo] leng Hiti [tr] unpeel; un stick. See: lenga levaivai [n] (n) 1. traditional doctor; [lenge laati] someone who knows medicinal properties of plants. Tfmevai, meatin keil ten levaivai lenga [tr] 1. husk (coconut) on husking amUmoni mu/amun. Flying sharks used to stick. 2. remove (leaves) from com cob. 3. be made by the traditional doctors. 2. open (book). Synonym: vue; vue lati warrior; strong man. In south: IOvaivai [lenge] [levaivai] lengahas [intr] wink. Nalengahas minuk. I levauen [suff] (s) wing. In north: avouen winked at you. [lengahasu] [levaue-] lengasi [tr] 1. roast over fire. A mai kaJ levin [suff] 1. trunk of body. Synonym: keilu ka luviteni luvit luvalengastei ah maIiven. 2. middle section of Mother luvani. The two of them were hungry, so Hubbard dress [levi-] they said they would roast some crabs to eat. 2. singe over fIre. See: lelengas iiI [intr] (s) 1. pass; go past. Synonym: [reduplicated form] [lengasi] loh Ii. 2. [of shot] miss. In north: muli [Iii] lerasi [tr] fail to recognise. Asauik mukok, nalerasuk varei. Now that you've had your 1i2 [str] 1. pass. Kei /oh Ifnau tai. He has hair cut, I didn't recognise you at all. already overtaken me. 2. more than. Out Derived from: le-; rasi [lee-rasi] Honiara mutin If out V f/a. Honiara is hotter than Vila. See: va Ii. Derived from: muli leri en] kind of eating banana [leerii] [Iii] lerumuni [tr] look at reflection. Kei mu/ lihelih [n] (s) seaweed. In north: Iihlih lerumun ninfven en oai. He was looking at [lihe-liho] his reflection in the water. [lee-rumu-ni] 61

Iihilih [intr] (s) fan oneself. In north: ling sesavononi [tr] leave dangerously; Iihlih [lihi-lihi] put dangerously. Keik koling sesavonon terak onom . You have parked your car lihlihl En] seaweed. Akultit Tomat Ren en dangerously. See: Iingi [lingi sesavono-ni] yangon leirumrum ka amulalah lein lihlih ran aven. They removed Tomat Ren from ling suaini [tr] hide. Kei ling suain mane the belly of the whale and they took the onen analesi. He hid his money in case seaweed from his body. Synonym: anybody saw it. See: Iingi [lingi suai-ni] lumJum. In south: Iihelih [lihe-liho] ling vasi [refl] stand far apart. A hui keilu lihlih2 [intr] (n) fan oneself. Out mutin, luling vasikeilu, out manteo The two rocks namulna lihlih. It was hot and I was stood far apart, and there was a wide space fanning myself. See: eilihlih. In south: between them. See: Iingi [lingi vaasi] Iihi lih PNCV: *rivi-rivi [lihi-lihi] ling vim [refl] die. Kei ling vinf en atas . Iikoh En] white mould growing on stale He died at sea. [lingi vinii] food [likohu] lingi [tr] 1. put. 2. leave behind. PapaNoel Iikoveini [tr] 1. leave. Synonyms: loh mul ling presen onen ehon keil. Father koveini; sokoveini. 2. let go of; release. Christmas leaves presents behind for the Synonyms: loh koveini; sokoveini; children. 3. accompany someone to a point luvati; luv hiti [likoveini] along their way home. Inau nilinguk en vatimago. I'll come back with you as far as lilivu En] (n) kind of shellfish (Turbo the mango tree. 4. create. A hi ling tounah imperialis). In south: vaik [lilivuu] vasf keil. Godcreated all things. 5. establish. Koakeilu tenout Senarei luling Iilivu takeih En] (n) kind of liliv u meatin keil Ulveah. The two of them from shellfish with thick shell (Turbo Senarei established people on Lopevi. 6. squamosa). Derived from: keih [lilivuu name (someone or something). A ling isen ta-keiho] A re i. They named him Arei. Synonym: siIi 7. park (car). Keik koling terak onom Iiluvos [intr] 1. tell lies. 2. pretend. soutin vareis. You have parked your car a Derived from: luvos [by reduplication] long way away. PNCV: *Iigi [lingi] ling [li-Iuvosi] heite develop fruit. Vetanek ro va rekou, ling heite ka avina akuri.mf ta avani. The Iiluvosi [tr] 1. trick; deceive. 2. lie to. breadfruit grew until its season and it Derived from: luvosi [by reduplication] developed fruit and they went up and got [li-Iuvosi] one to eat. ling hungeite [of plant] flower ling oute develop leaves. Iimaga rind] five (in lisefseflanguage). Synonym: elim [limagaa] lingling temat En] (n) medium of the devil. In south: lingiIing temat [lingi Liman [n] Epi. Synonym: Anes [liimanu] lingi temate]

Liman havivi En] Lamenu Island [liimanu Iirel En] Only in tomah Iirel [liirelu] havivii] lis [intr] (n) move away. Lis ranout. Move ling ridingi [tr] put aside for later. Raha out of the way. [lise] keil akaniva vis, navong hatte ke akan rani avit avaling ridingi, auva aling ridingi en lisalis [intr] (n) shift closer. Tione mul vatileilei. When the body-eaters had eaten lisalis va va en out asuv roen varei. Tione enough and there was some left over, they shifted closer until he was right by where would go and put it aside on a leilei tree for the chief was sitting. In south: lusalus. later. See: Iingi [lingi ridingii] Derived from: lis [lisa-lise] 62 lises [t] (n) 1. always. Ehononek mul muiii loh koveini [tr] 1. leave. lnau niloh Ifses. That child is always crying. 2. kovein out Vfla visuvong. I will leave Vila forever, eternally. Keik kikur moulien Ifses. tomorrow. Synonyms: likoveini; You will have eternal life. In south: liseles sokoveini. 2. let go of; release. N aloh [liiseese] kovein string onak vitava munak ro kol voteinev . I let my line go until it reached the lisi [tt] throw (usually said of things that bottom of the sea. Synonyms: likoveini; arevery heavy). A uva avouliitiii ran sokoveini; lllvati; lllv Hiti [loho kovei vatfnga ka alfsi vii. They went and removed nil the wood from the trunk of the native almond tree and threw it away. [Iiisi] loh iiI [tr] pass; go past; go beyond. M unakke av it amanonen Tiapkeil aumai litl [intr] weak; weary. Leirumrum vut loh If, ka melah tis tounah keilek memai vina va nesa, vita va lit. The whale jumped nout ten umen. When they said that the up high and went down until it was weary. Japanese planes had flown past, we would [litu] carry all of the things back to where we were working. Synonym: muasi [loho Iii] Iit2 [sintr] fall to the ground. See: mita lit; vita lit [litu] loh 1i2 [intr] win. Houlu vite UK oan oumV loh If" , houlu vite uKoan lfira kei loh If" lit kati [tr] chase. Tellit kat vuas apetingakenek. Many said "the Paamese telrorokoltei, vii en iih. They chased the pig was winning", and many said "the one but they didn't catch it, and it went into the fromIfira is winning", because they were garden. Synonym: kole; seavoni. See: betting. [loho Iii] kov liti [liti kati] loh rahiti [tr] 1. run around. 2. lite [link] root. lfavek root of banyan tree. circumnavigate [loho rahiti] [lii-] loh sai [intr] (n) run away; escape. In litetai [n] young man; youth. Navong south: loh sal [loho sail kava V oum, kovf litetais veah. When you went to Paama, you were still a young man. loh usili [tr] go alongside. A ki tiii mai loh usil vakili onenen atas . A dolphin came liti [stt] Only in kov liti. See also: lit and swam alongside his canoe in the sea. kati [liti] [loho usili] liti [str] Only in muti liti [litii] lohien [n] (n) race. Synonym: lohlohien. In south: lohoen [loho-ene] liveri [desc] poor. lnau narovite Liveri, tounah onak mul. I'm not poor, I'm rich. lohlohl [n] (n) 1. kind of tree. 2. sea fan. Bislama: libere (from French LiMrt In south: loholoh [loho-Ioho] 'released convict') [Iiverii] lohloh2 [intr] (n) 1. run about. Kitaengon livilu [n] kind of yam which is fat with tounah ta hetoh, minametautei, rounded bulges. Derived from: lite, vilu minalohlohtei. When you hear something [lii-viluu] make a loud noise, you shouldn't be frightened, and you shouldn't run all over loh [intr] (s) run. In north: muloh [loho] the place. 2. race, compete. In south: loholoh. Derived from: muloh [by loh kati [tr] run over (in car). K ei loh kat reduplication] [loho-Ioho] sinek en terak onen. He ran over a snake in his car. [loho kati] lohloh rasH [intr] (n) run in all directions. Munakke avisoni avit 'Tiap mai" loh koe [tr] (n) comer while pursuing. In melohloh rasil, merovattei komai meval out south: loh kole [loho koe] vota. When they called "The Japs are 63 coming", we would run in all directions, lole [n] sweet; candy; lolly. Bislama: lole and we wouldn't stand up all in one place. [loolee] In south: loboloh rasil [loho-loho raasili] 1010 [n] into vagina [100100] lohlohien [n] (n) race. Mesau muloh vo rokol keleite ten lohlohien onealu, les riou IOlosii [intr] stare. Derived from: losil tai keke mul en veien. The fishran until he [by reduplication] [loo-loosili] got to the end of their race and he saw the hermitcrab on the beach. In south: long [intr] (s) sleepy. In north: mulong loholohoen [loho-Ioho-ene] [longo] lohmah [n] (n) toothache. In south: long kati [tr] obey. Synonym: raeng luhemah. Derived from: lobon; mah katl . See: longe [longe kati] [lohe-maahi] long kilea [tr] (n) recognise by sound. loboialoni [tr] prepare for. Synonym: See: longe. In south: long kilela [longe loboni [lohoialoni] kilea] loholul [n] 1. boar (which has not been long kotehei [tr] 1. mishear. 2. hear only castrated). Lukur kat tfloholu to., luvina part of. See: longe [longe kotehe] lusani min asuv.They took a small boar and gave it to the chief. 2. term of abuse long laIiiuni [tr] overhear. See: longe (referring to uncircumcised man) [loholue] [longe laalaauni] loholu2 [n] kind of shellfish which is lOng [n] long trousers. Kei mul veas long. white [loholue] He is wearing long trousers. Bislama: long [loonge] lobolu3 [n] triggerfish (Family Balistidae) [loholue] longe [tr] 1. hear. Nalong ratio mul musou. I can hear the radio playing. 2. listen to. 3. feel. 4. pay attention to. Keil lohon! [suff] (n) tooth. In south: luheD. aselils kekareni, ka tiita ro longtei. They See: aloh PNCV: *livo [loho-] would abuse him, but my father wouldn't pay attention to it. Synonym: raengoni. lohon2 [n] (s) 1. child. 2. boy. 3. young See: longlong [reduplicated form] PNCV: man who is not yet old enough to be *rogo [longe] long seliisien obey. Kei married. In north: ehon [lohono] mul long selilsien onen mamaonen. He obeys his mother. long luvosien fall for lohoni [tr] prepare for. Synonym: trick; be taken in by trick. M eatin long lohoialoni [lohoni] luvosien onen koakeilek, musil keil auva. The man was taken in by them and he went 10k [intr] lock the door; be locked. Kolok along with them. long ren do as one is tai, vuo? Have you lockedthe door? told. Manon kei long re n asu vakuroutaro Bislama: 10k [looki] elu. The flyingfox did as the rat told him to and he went to get two taro leaves. 10k katl [tr] lock up. Synonym: ki katl [looki kati] longkatlen [n] obedience. Longkatien vi maritounah. Obedience is an important 10k koe [tr] (n) lock in. In south: 10k thing. Derived from: long katl [longe kole [looki koe] kati-ene]

loklokoa [str] (n) soften. Kei mungas longlong [intr] (n) 1. aware. 2. wise. loklokoa anienan. He chewed his food so Derived from:longe [by reduplication]. In that it was soft. See: muti loklokoa. In south: longolong [longo-Iongo] south: lokolokoa [loko-lokoa] 64 longlongien [intr] (n) news. Navit luaga rind] two (in lisefseflanguage). malesuk en tounah ta nalong longlongien Synonym: elu [luaagaa] teni. I would like to see you about something that I've heard some news about. luabin [n] pair of females. M elekat Derived from: longlong. In south: koakeilesuk ke atan rahin keil, mevotfni longolongoen [longo-Iongo-ene] luahin elu. Then we looked for the ones that the ground had buried and we found longlongoni [tr] (n) get to hear about; the two women. See: elu: abin [luahine] become aware of. Tanso keil alonglongoni aumaiamu l avfsi. When the southeast lualu [sintr] two. See: metlualu. Derived Ambrym people heard about it, they came from: elu [by reduplication] [lua-Iue] and asked for it. Derived from: longlong. In south: longolongoni [longo-Iongo-ni] lubusi [tr] bend. Kilubus hem. Bend your arm. Synonym: kubusi [lubusi] losil [intr] see a long way. Navong ke eang houlu muas out V oum, meatin mules luen [suff] (s) vomitus. In north: luon losil, out tovuo vato suaien. When the high [luo-] winds hit Paama, people could see a long way and there was nowhere to hide. See: luheavati [n] kneecap. Synonyms: avati; IOlosil [reduplicated form] [loosili] uniavati [luheavatio] losil kati [tr] stare at intently. Keil amul luhemah [n] (s) toothache. In north: alosil kati mul vfs. They used to stare lohmah [luhe-maahi] intently at him praying. Synonym: malualu kati . See: IOsiIi [loosili kati] luhen [suffJ (s) tooth. In north: lohon [luhe-] losiIi [tr] stare at. Ehon keil tenout T evaliout amul alosilmet iiio. The children lubi ! [tr] 1. plant (something). Ir romul of Tevaliout were staringat the European. ro luh tounah vasfes en iih ser - ouh, kumal, [loosili] atin, maniok, ahis. We plant all kinds of things in our gardens - yams, sweet lou [n] 1. law. 2. forbidden thing. See: potatoes, island cabbage, cassava, bananas. hangolou. Bislama: lou [lou] 2. plant (somewhere). A luh out Niih Hoev, out sen mamakeitel. They planted at Nah lousi [tr] (n) 1. straighten pandanus leaves Hoev, the land of my mother and her clan. before weaving. 2. remove midrib from See: luhluh [by reduplication] PNCV: coconutleaves to make broom. In south: *ruvi [luhi] lausi [lousi] luhi2 [loc] 1. middle. Isei heto luhi? Who lovaivai [n] (s) traditional doctor; is going to sit in the middle? 2. between. 3. someone who knows traditional properties halfway. Variant of: luhu [luhii] of plants. In north: levaivai [loovaivai] lubi aev [loc] (n) 1. right in the middle. lovlovu [intr] bruised. Tata onen muasi en M emul merei iiikeil meva vo memul luhi mariiii tiii, sakin aven lovlovu viireis. His aev, mevotfs ilat marivatiuhia ke marfte. We father hit him with a big stick causing his were chopping the trees down until we got body to be very bruised. [lovu-Iovu] to the very middle, and we came across a huge wild yam plant. 2. halfway. Ehonok Lovu [n] Malakula [lovueJ loh kovein holien, mules mai en luhi aev ten sfse, navong meatin tamf ta. The boy Hi [intr] respect. Robert sak minau ka vit had left the dance and was halfway along nilu veni avong ehat. Robert treated my the road back when somebody came down. illness and said I should respect him for In south: lubi a1ev [luhi aeve] four days. [luu] 65

luhluh [intr] (n) plant; do the planting. lumlum ten anev [n] (n) deep sea Komfatau keil meheha en iih meheluhluh crinoid. In south: lumulum ten anev ser. You women go to the garden and do [lumu-Iumu teni aneve] the planting for us. Derived from: lum [by reduplication]. In south: luhuluh [luhu loon1 [suff] (n) 1. vomitus. 2. volcanic luhu] ash. Synonym: tan vanei. See: mulu. In south: luen [luo-] luhu [loe] 1. middle. Tounahva sf keil tenout malikelik mulsemau, katiita v fta loon2 [n] kind of yam which was planted luhu enoutenek. All of those pagan things before but which is seldom seen today, were still there but my father went right with small round tubers [luone] down into the middle of that place. 2. between. 3. halfway. Metmai va sesali loon temat [n] (n) worm-like insects that enout luhu ke metlesi. We came as far as cluster together in a wriggling heap on the almost halfway and we saw it. Variant of: ground. In south: luen temat [luo-ne luhi [luhuo] temate] lukulau [n] kind of bird [lukulau] luri rind] ten (in lisefseflanguage). Synonym: haIualim [lurii] lumali [n] 1. pair of males. A tas kur to unah onen lummi, leheisuk mai va ve ut lOS [n] rheumatism [luuse] enout to. aviseen Utaiou.The sea took the thing belonging to the two boys and lusalus [intr] (s) shift closer. In north: brought it ashore at a place called Utaiou. 2. Iisalis [lusa-Iuse] pair of people; couple. K ei kur lummi keilu luvina va ling keilu Ulveah. He took the luv [intr] (s) daybreak. Synonym: Ian. In pair of them and left them on Lopevi. See: north: muluv [luvo] elu; mali [lumaalii] luv- [v] release. See: luvati, luv Hiti lum koe [tr] (n) fold over. Alum koe avul [luve] ka ro rasuk ro vulhulfvong. The leaves were fo lded over the hole and then we would luv lati [tr] let go of; release. Synonyms: count the days. See: lumi. In south: lum luvati ; likoveini; sokoveini; loh kole [lumi koe] koveini [luve laati] lum Hiti [tr] unfold. See: lumi [lumi laati] luvaluv Only in veta luvaluv [luva luve] lumi [tr] 1. fold. 2. hem (trousers or dress). See: lumlum [reduplicated form] luvati [tr] 1. let go of; release. Synonyms: PNCV: *Iumwi roll [lumi] luv lali; loh koveini; Iikoveini; sokoveini. 2. undo. Naluva strfng ran lumlum1 [intr] (n) fo lded. In south: hek . I undid the line from my legs. See: lumulum. Derived from: lumi [by luv- [luvati] reduplication] [lumu-Iumu] luvluv1 [adj ] (n) unreal; false; counterfeit. lumlum2 [n] (n) 1. moss. 2. slime. 3. Unu keil avf meatin luvluvos, arovite seaweed. Synonym: Iihlih. 4. itchy fur on meatin koan A hi rata.n keil. The unu are not bamboo. In south: lumulum PNCV: real people, they are not people created by *Iumu-Iumu [lumu-Iumu] God. See: luvos. In south: luvoluv [luvo-Iuvo] lumlum3 [sintr] (n) Only in rili lumlum. In south: lumulum [lumu-lumu] luvluv2 [sintr] (n) pretend. Kei musou luv luv . He just pretended to sing. In south: luvoluv [luvo-Iuvo] 66 luvluvoni [str] (n) pretend. Kei musou Paama from Santo. 5. come overseas from luvluvonies. He just pretended to sing it. Vanuatu. 6. [of sun] rise. Navong ke meteai Synonym: luvluvosini. In south: ma, havwfkaikeil oro amutai en eai. When luvoluvoni. Derived from luvluv [luvo the sun rose, the lizards were warming luvo-ni] themselves in the sunshine. Synonym: mea; roha; rangosa. Irregular singular luvluvos [intr] (n) 1. tell lies. 2. pretend. imperative ama. [maa] 3. [of rain] not really rain. Derived from: luvos [by reduplication]. In south: mabon [n] kind of cooking banana luvoluvos [luvu-luvos] [maabono] luvluvos asu [n] (n) kind of plant. In mabor [n] kind of vegetable [maboro] south: luvoluvos asu [luvo-luvosi asue] madl [intr] [of wood, cloth] rotten PNCV: luvluvos meau [n] (n) kind of insect. In *madada [made] south: luvoluvos melau [luvo-luvosi meau] mad2 [intr] (s) 1. sink. 2. go underwater. In north: madu; marid PNCV: *maru luvluvosi [tr] (n) 1. trick; deceive. 2. lie [madu] to. In south: luvoluvosi [luvo-luvosi] mad [n] (s) sweat; perspiration. Synonym: luvluvosini [str] (n) pretend. Kei toaiven. In north: avetin; toeiven siiluvluvosini minau. He gave it to me and [maade] . madkuri sweat; perspire. then took it back. In south: luvoluvosini. Derived from: luvos [luvo-luvosi-ni] Made [n] Monday. Bislama: Mande [maadee] luvos [intr] 1. tell lies. 2. pretend. 3. [of rain] not really rain. Ous mul luvos. It's madei [n] (n) small fish that lie on rocks in raining but it's not really going large numbers together and which can be to rain. See: liIuvos; luvluvos caught by hand for bait. In south: timadei [reduplicated forms] [luvosi] [madei] luvosil [tr] 1. trick; deceive. 2. lie to. See: madeka [n] (s) 1. butterfly. 2. moth. liIuvosi; luvluvosi [reduplicated forms] Synonym: rekau. In north: vatiteka [luvosi] [madekaa] luvosi2 [str] trick. Asel luvosinau avit madil [intr] 1. cold; cool. 2. [of water] UKihlta meleto navong ke matuom hemai, fresh PNCV: *mariri [madili] vahera hekur ta anien timii". They tricked me by saying "Go and stay with her and madil kati [tr] be too cold for/against. when your uncle comes, perhaps he'll bring A ian koanik romadilkattei hem ? Is this iron some food forthe two of you". [luvosi] too cold against your leg? [madili kati] luvosien [n] 1. trick; deception. 2. lie madil lei [intr] completely cold [madili lei] Derived from: luvos [luvosi-ene] madu [intr] (n) 1. sink. 2. go underwater. Tue ta vut va en atas, madu VIta. One of - M - their brothers jumped into the sea, and sank down. Synonym: marid In south: mad [maduu] ma [intr] 1. come (upwards/uphill). 2. come (in the direction of the interior of the mae ! [n] spell to ruin something. Ehon island and away from the sea). A leh vakili keil api/e kita vo vis meatin tovuol vahol, ma ut. They pulled the canoe ashore. 3. sakini kei/ amudemikeke vahera ulmatu ta come to Vila fromPaama. 4. come to miimon mae en keit. The young men were 67 playing their guitars but nobody was mah1 [intr] [of sore] healed. Manuonak dancing, which made them think that mahtai. My sore has healed. PNCV: perhaps one of the old men had cast a spell *mavo [maho] on them. [maee] miimon mae cast a spell. mah2[intr] [of animal] tame [maho] mae2[intr] (n) 1. bitter. 2. [of tea] unsweetened; not sweet enough. 3. [of mah1 [intr] sore; painful. A rilfk en cordial] weak. In south: male [maee] hospital, koraengoni mtih?When you had the injectionin the hospital, was it painful? mae3 [sintr] (n) steady; easy. Nales out See: mamah [reduplicated form] [maahi] Lfmankei vesesal, navalis mae. I saw that Epi was nearby so I rowed steadily. In mah2 [intr] 1. tired; bored aven mah south: male. See: valis mae; vas mae bored; sick of; tired of. Inau avek mtihen PNCV: *mala [maee] umen. I am sick of work. 2. lazy. Keik avem mtih viireis. You are really lazy. en maeh [n] (n) 1. twins. 2. double nut inside mah bored; sick of; tired of. A hi kei en single shell. In south: maleh [maehe] mtih en A tam keilu min Eva. God was tired of Adam and Eve. maem [n] (n) moonlight. In south: malem PNCV: *marama[maeme] mah3 [sintr] do to excess. See: mamah [reduplicated form] [maahi] maes [intr] (n) [of leaves, grass] rustle. Rovliteimauve sesal, raengoni keke amul mabien [n] 1. pain. Koa long mtihienen amaes en oueos. He hadn't got near yet and teiai onen mules en avet mon. Anyone he could hear rustling in the leaves of the feeling pain in his body would just stay in chestnut tree. See: memaes [reduplicated bed. 2. suffering. Derived from:mah form] . In south: males [maese] [maahi-ene] maesi [tr] (n) 1. knot. 2. make dreadlocks mahinhin [intr] (n) 1. thin (i.e. not thick). in hair. Amaes hiluk . I have had dreadlocks 2. shallow. In south: mahinihin PNCV: put into my hair. See: memaes *mavini [ma-hini-hini] [reduplicated form]. In south: malesi [maesi] mabini [str] do to excess. Derived from: mah. See: mamahini [reduplicated form] maes kati [tr] (n) tie end of rope or [maahi-ni] plaiting to prevent fraying. A maeskat keleviiiu. They tied up the end of the rope. mabisi [tr] pity; feel sorry for [maahisi] en In south: males kati [maesi kati] mahisi feel sorry for. A su kei les ato mul muQi, en mtihisi. When the rat saw the mago [n] mango. Bislama: mango hermit crab crying, he felt sorry for him. [maagoo] tin mahisi feel sorry for. mago hon [n] kind of mango [maagoo mahiteli [n] (s) 1. albino. 2. white pig. In hono] north: timahit[mahitelii] mago Inglis [n] kind of mango [maagoo mahmah [n] (n) cloud. In south: inglise] mahumah PNCV: *maRavu fog/mist [mahu-mahu] mago oreliato [n] kind of mango. Derived from: orelite; ato [maagoo oreli mahoi [intr] (n) 1. torn. Asa kula keke atoo] tirausis onom mahoi?What happened that your trousers are torn? 2. cracked. 3. [of mago Veranis [n] kind of mango tyre] flat; punctured. Uf! onom mahoi.. . [maagoo veranise] You've got a flat tyre. 4. no longer a vrrgm. Keik koromahoitei veah! You're still a 68 virgin. See: mahoihoi [reduplicated fonn]. was going to throw at him. PNCV: In south: mahol [rnahoi] *mwairi [maile] mahoi visi [intr] (n) cracked. In south: mail2 [n] cycad (Cycas circinnalis) PNCV: mahol visi [mahoi viisi] *mwele [maili] mahoi vonvon [intr] (n) cracked. In mailes [n] nits of lice. Synonym: south: mahol vonovon [mahoi vono utmailes PNCV: *Iisa [mailese] vono] maiIini [str] do with the left hand. See: mahoihoi [intr] (n) tom to pieces; kur mailini. Derived from: mail [maili shredded. Derived from: mahoi [by nil reduplication]. In south: maholahol [mahoi-hoi] maimai [intr] (n) [of muscles] tired; stiff. Nesak nesak nesak vii va naraengoni keke mahosekeite [link] (n) fork in tree. In vaJisfk keitu maimaika miih. I kept on south: mahosekaite [mahoseke-] trying until I felt that my shoulders were stiff and sore. In south: malemal [mai-mai] mahuite [link] billowing smoke [maahui-] maimaio [intr] (n) stinking; smelly. In mahuivanei [n] smoke rising from south: malmalo [mai-maioo] volcano. Derived from: mahuite; vanei [maahui-vanei] maini l [tr] (n) 1. agree to. Tata onak kei miiinivit kei vahiivahf hfsei enout Sameau. mai l [intr] 1. come. 2. [of kava] start to My father agreed to go and teach in have an effect. Koraengoni mai tai, vuo? Sameau. 2. say yes. Nihfsuk en tounah tii, Can you feel it having an effect? 3. become. kimiiini vuo? If I ask you for something, Out V ita mairis tai tahos. Vila has become will you say yes? 3. let; pennit; allow; give nice again. Irregular singular imperative permission. UlmaJu miiini minautai . The amai. Takes stressedpr efix series e.g. old man has already given me pennission. aumai. PNCV: *mai [mail 4. admit. K imiiini, keik viirei koveniin mane onak.Admit it, it was you who stole my mai2[tr] straighten [mail money. In south: maIeni [maai-ni] mai3 [n] (s) kind of vine growing up tree maini2[str] (n) do for free. Amel val rUta, which has edible fruit. In south: mal [mail munak amai navong tiiviima i, rovakur miiiniesrov iini. The breadfruit pit would be mai [intr] (n) agree. Mealin keil avise, kei there for a long time and if one day a famine miii, akuriauva. The people called him, he came, we could just get it for free and eat it. agreed, and they took him away. See: In south: maleni [maai-ni] eimai. In south: mal [maai] aven mai be willing maiou [n] (n) kava (Piper methysticum). Kiromudeimaiou kosa? Will you be mai rohtoh [intr] (n) come for the first drinking kava today? Synonym: vatimeai. time. M ulamun sukul mai rohtoh viimai In south: malou PNCV: *maloku Voum, mul enout Nou. Before when [malou] Christianity was about to come to Paama for the first time, it was at Nou. In south: mak [n] 1. marking; colour; spots; design. mai rohotoh [mai roho-toho] 2. tattoo. 3. type; brand. 4. marking pen. Bislama: mak [maaki] muti mak make maill [adj] left-hand side. Nasiin kiisistii tattoo. Amutf miiken hek. I had my arm viien hek mail, hek maJu v uli kaJ tiimun tattooed. kur mak coloured; spotted; maoveeni. I put a cassia stick in my left marked; having a design. Tounahek kur hand, and my right hand held another that I miikta hos. That thing has an attractive design. 69 makaikai [intr] (n) [of water] drinkable; makurnkur[intr ] [of clothes] loose-fitting; potable. Oai kekek makaikai viireis. This baggy [makura-kure] water is good to drink. In south: mekalekal [makai-kai] makus kati [tr] 1. lie spreadeagled on. Navftanamakus kat ahat, namatilva makes [n] (n) ashes left in garden after nalonge tahos havivi. I went down and lay burning off. Lumuniti va evus, lava lukur spreadeagled on the rock, and I slept until I makes. When they had burnt it, they went felt a bit better. 2. lean on [makusi kati] and picked up the rubbish. In south: makolas [makolas] makutkut [intr] (n) [of skin] loose and wrinkled. Vangen makutkut. Her belly is maki aev [n] (n) kind of banana. In south: wrinkled (after giving birth). In south: maki a1ev [makii aeve] makutukut [makutu-kutu] makini [tr] 1. mark. 2. write down; record. mall [intr] 1. straight.Ai keilenek avoseini Derived from: mak. Synonym: mutis 100; malus. The sticks are stuck into the ground mutis kati [maaki-ni] in a straightline. 2. correct; proper. 3. directly at. Temat ta sum mal venaus. A makis1 [intr] 1. ooze. 2. very ripe. Nakan devil made a noise directly near me. See: ara ta makisviirei. I ate a lychee that was memal [reduplicated form] [malu] really ripe. [makise] mal2 [intr] [of tubers] ready for harvest. makis2 [intr] 1. slip out from underneath. Ouh mal taiavaili. The yams are ready for 2. sit with testicles showing. Synonym: rO digging. [mali] kisi [makise] mal3 [n] (s) kind of vine growing up tree makmak en] (n) wild ginger plant. In which has edible fruit. In north : mai [male] south: makimak [maki-maki] mal4 [sintr] stand upright. Nales meatin ta makoako [intr] [of food] soft [makoa-koo] mule mal en sfse. I can see somebody standing up on the road. See: rO mal; kis makolas [n] (s) ashes left in garden after mal [malu] burning off. In north: makes [makolasi] mal [intr] (s) agree. In north: mai [maale] makor [n] kind of yam [makore] maleilei [intr] 1. quiver; tremble. Navong makot [intr] walk on tiptoes; tiptoe meatinenek va ro kol out teim, mul maleilei [makoti] va mat. When that man reached home, he trembled until he died. Synonym: kulill. 2. makukul [intr] blistered [makukulu] shiver [maleilei] ulin maleilei get a fright. makul [intr] 1. shout for joy. Asf keil ven maleI [n] kind of banana [malele] vakili, amakulka akovaovas he.They were happy with the canoe, and they shouted for maleI voloh [n] kind of malel banana joy and clapped their hands. 2. squeal; [malele volooho] whoop. 3. make loud noise in bush to let others know of your presence. 4. hoot to maleles1 [intr] 1. wrinkled. 2. [of leaves] announce arrival of ship. Synonym: killru; withered; dying [malelese] muku. See: memakul [reduplicated form] PNCV: *kola speak in loud voice maleles2 [n] (n) lungs. In south: [makulu] Ieatvohuvoh [malelese] makuI 2. kati [tr] 1. shout for joy about. malelet [sintr] do for no reason. Saki hoot to announce arrival of (ship). aromuasteimau, mules muiii malelet. Saki Synonym: muku kati [makulu kati] hadn't been hit yet but he was already crying out of fear of being punished. See: 70 vuroh malelet; mwi malelet; viteai malmal1 [n] (n) great hog plum (Spondias malelet [maleletu] dulcis and Spondias cythera). PNCV: *mal i-mali [mali-mali] malemal [intr] (s) [of muscles] tired; stiff. In north: maimai [male-male] mal mal2 [n] (n) kind of plant with tuber similar in size and shape to potato. In south: malesau [n] kind of fish [malesau] malumal [malu-malu]

ImIi [n] wattle tree(Acacia spirorbis and malmal3 [n] [of sun] drop towards Acacia simplex) PNCV: *mariu [malii] horizon, get low in the sky. Eai mul mq1mal. The sun is getting low in the sky. [mali mali [int] expression of surprise. Inau mali] namul namudem i navit: Mali! Papa Noel vahera marimeatin tii! I used to think: Boy, malmalo [intr] (s) stinking; smelly. In Father Christmas must be a really important north: maimaio [malo-maloo] person! See: lumMi; telumali [maalii] maloh [n] kind of yam which has hard maliatan [n] 1. pitch black. 2. filthy dirty. flesh [malohu] See: atan [mali-atano] maloklok [intr] (n) [of food] gluggy; soft malik [adj] 1. dark. Synonym: malikelik. and sticky. Veta akanimal okolok. 2. black. Synonym: malikelik; vopoIi Breadfruit is soft and sticky to eat. In south: PNCV: *maliqo [maliko] malokolok [maloko-Ioko] malikeIik [intr] 1. dark. Synonym: malik. malong [n] kind of yam with red flesh and 2. black. Synonym: malik; vopoli. 3. [of short stem [maalonge] tea or coffee] strong. 4. [of person] dark skinned [malikeliko] out malikeIik be malonglong [intr] (n) 1. peaceful; quiet. 2. night. 5. before the arrival of Christianity unpopulated; without humans or animals. meten malikeIik faint. Synonym: volvol. In south: malongolong [malongo-Iongo] malikeIik visi [refl] blackish; half black [malikeliko viisi] malou [n] (s) kava (Piper methysticum). In north: vatimeai; maiou [malou] malili [intr] lean over; tilt. A his malfli vesesali vahUsai. The banana is leaning and malualu1 [intr] tasty. A kani malualu. It is is almost about to fall over. [maliilii] tasty. [maalu-alue] malilu [n] 1. very important person. 2. malualu2 [intr] [of eyes] bulge; stick out high-rankingchief [maliluo] [maalualue] malingIing [intr] (n) bend down. Munak malualu kati [tr] stare intently at. Meten meatin romUmtei, hemalingling hel viirei malulalu katinau.He is staring at me. VD heteh atan en pfk VD munak outenek Synonym: IOsiI kati [maalualue kati] hevus. If someone didn't work, they would have to keep bending down until they had malumlum1 [intr] (n) 1. soft and easily broken up the ground with the pick until the bent; flexible; pliable. 2. wrinkled. In south: area was finished. In south: malingiling [malingi-lingi] mal umulum PNCV: *maIumu [malumu lumu] malisav [n] kind of tree [maliisavo] malumlum2 [intr] (n) [of women] barren. malit [n] eel. Variant of: melit PNCV: In south: malumulum [malumu-Iumu] *maraya [malite] 71

maluv[intr ] intelligent; bright. Redemien manen [suff] (s) brother (of woman). onen rom aluvtei. He was not bright. Synonym: manali. In north: monen [maluve] [mano-]

maIuvaluv [intr] loose; coming undone manin [sintr] Only in muti manin [maluvaluve] [manine]

mamal en] 1. mother. Synonym: latin; maniok en] cassava; manioc. Synonym: n3na; itau. 2. term of address for mother. anien an vuas. Bislama: maniok Synonym: itau. 3. adult women of village. [manioke] Miima keil amulavilei ouh niimal.The adult women of the village are grating yams in manman en] (n) kind of palm. In south: the meeting house. [maarnaa] maneman [mane-mane]

mama2 [intr] yawn PNCV: *mamawa manni en] (n) dew. Synonym: tilev; [maarnaa] heiman. In south: tilev [manni]

mamahl [intr] sore; painful. Derived from: manonl en] black flyingfox (Pteropus mah [by reduplication] [maa-maahi] giddici) PNCV: *manukona [manoono]

mamah2 [sintr] do to excess. Kei mules manon2 en] kind of fish similar to musou miimiih. He sings too much. Derived triggerfish but with small mouth and sharp from: malt [by reduplication] [maa-maahi] teeth which can bite through line and hook (early growth stage for fish known as mamahini [str] do to excess. Kei ruv loholu) [manoono] miimiihini aman keil. He shot too many birds. Derived from: mahini [by manon3 en] (s) eagle ray (Aetobatus reduplication] [maa-maahi-ni] narinari). In north: asu [manoono]

mamoli en] kind of ea tree with root that is mansa en] (n) what kind of bird? Mansa not too tough [mamolii] v ite v <5?Liiv i v ite v <5.What kind of bird stinks? The lavi bird stinks. [Words of a man [intr] 1. [of water] untainted, fresh. 2. children's song that is sung when [of food] tasty, being neither too sweet nor somebody has been spotted with his bitter. A visfs veta munahang ka akani tahos, testicles showing and he does not realise it.] man vareis, ro k<5deimun. The breadfruit Derived from: aman; asa. In south: would be wrapped up and put onto the fire, manusa [manu-saa] and it would taste good, it is very tasty, and it is no longer bitter. 3. [of fruit] sweet. 4. mantai en] single bird or flying fox [of soil] rich [mane] perched in a tree. Derived from: aman; tai [manu-taai] manali [suff] (s) brother (of woman). Synonym: manen. In north: monali mantedas en] any seabird. Synonym: [mano-] aman ten atas. Derived from: aman; teni ; atas [manu-teni-tasi] mane en] 1. money. Synonym: ahat. 2. price. Bislama: mane [manee] manu en] 1. sore. Manuonak miih. My sore hurts. 2. wound; injury. 3. boy with manesa en] how much? what price? Terak unhealed circumcision cut. PNCV: onom kovuli manesa? How much did you *manuka [manuel manu kani have a pay for your car? Derived from: mane, asa sore. K oa manu kani kei kilea hematilunges [manee-saa] teim . Anybody with a sore could just sleep at home. manekoli en] 1. pitch darkness. 2. storm cloud [manekolii] manfmu [intr] blunted (by hitting against something hard) [manuu-nuu] 72

mang [intr] 1. open mouth; agape. 2. [of te hi-Santo; haso Santo. Derived from: entrance] open wide. PNCV: *maga mallte; on; arne; Tahi [mari-oo-ne mee [mange] tahii]

mange [n] (n) white coating on tongue. In maripu [n] 1. short piece of wood that has south: mangel [mangee] been cut with blunt ends. 2. sl. penis. Synonym: iii; hopu [maripuu] mangirel [n] kind of treewith soft wood [mangirele] maris [intr] 1. lose weight. Kei mesai, aven maris. He is sick and he has lost weight. mangor [intr] [of joint] bent back. Hen Synonym: maro. 2. [of handle] loose mangor. He bent his toe back. [mangori] fitting. Teaimaris. The axe handle is loose (and might come off). [marise] mangomgor[intr] (n) [of food] crunchy. In south: mangoringor [mangori-ngori] mariso [intr] 1. big; large (singular). Synonym: manteo 2. wide. See: mapa [intr] [of bow or rifle] fire [mapaa] mannariso [reduplicated form] [marisoo]

marata [n] kind of sweet potato [maarataa] mantel [link] section of sugarcane cut into individual pieces for eating. mariateh roarer[int r] [of eyes] wide open and section of sugarcane for eating. [mari -] sparkling [mareere] mante2 [link] 1. big; large (singular). marev [intr] proud [mareve] Nales marisiik ta ke mantevis mante sesavon. I saw an absolutely humungous marianas [n] kind of sweet potato shark. Synonym: mariso. 2. important. [marianase] M eatinenek v f marimeatin ta. That man is an important person. See: mannante maridl [intr] (n) 1. sink. 2. go underwater. [reduplicated fonn] [mari-] Synonym: madu. 3. [of post] bend inwards. In south: mad [maridu] mallven [suff] 1. trunk of body. Kei va en hospitel veni rei manven en eau. He went to marid2 [sintr] go underneath. See: ve the hospital because he cut the trunk of his marid[ma ridu] body with a knife. Synonym: levin. 2. euph. penis. 3. large body. Manven vareis. marilu [n] kind of breadfruit with large He's got a large body. Derived from: seed [mariluu] mallte; aven [mari-i-ve-]

marimane [desc] expensive. Koanik avuli mallven me-Tahi [n] (n) euph. kind of marimane varei. This is very expensive. sugarcane with largest and fattest sections Synonym: keih. Derived from: marne; of all sugarcanes, having green skin, mane [mari-manee] straight markings and white fibre (brought to Paama from Santo by people from Tahi). marin [suff] upper back. A hu viteni min Synonym: marion me-Tahi. In south: asu vit kihina kito en maruk, kaasu vina tehi-Santo; haso Santo [mari-i-ve-ne vo ro en marin.The turtle said to the rat to mee-tahii] go up and sit on his upper back, so the rat went up and sat on his back. [maru-] mannar [n] (n) kind of tree. In south: maremar[mare-mare] marion me-Tahi [n] (n) sw. kind of sugarcane with longest and fattest sections mannariso [intr] big; large (plural). of all sugarcanes, having green skin, Derived from: mariso [mari-marisoo] straight markings and white fibre (brought to Paama from Santo by people from Tahi). mannari'te [link] 1. big; large (plural). Synonym: mallven me-Tahi. In south: Nales mannarivatiavek keil. I saw the big 73

banyan trees. 2. important (plural). lima [ind] eighteen (in lisefseflanguage). Synonym: mariso. Derived from: maIne Synonym: tiii dan outel [masaa] [mari-mari-] mase [n] term of address for brother-in maro [intr] 1. [of eyes] glazed (from law or sister-in-law. Synonym: uan sickness). Metom maro,komesai? Your [maasee] eyes are glazed, are you sick? 2. lose weight. A vem mara varei. You have really maseh [intr] split. Synonym: masiv lost weight. [maroo] [masehe] marong [n] kind of tree similar to dragon masen [n] red mould growing on stale plum. A les iii. tiii. heite suval eau, iiinek isen food [masene] marong. They saw a tree with fruit like the dragon plum which was called marong. masev [intr] hiccup PNCV: *mwasoru [maronge] [maseve] maroro [n] thirst [maroroo] maroro kati masi [tr] 1. praise. 2. thank. Namasuk. be thirsty. Maroro katinau houlu vareis. I Thank you. See: masmasi [reduplicated am very thirsty. form] [masi-masi] maru [intr] 1. collapse. 2. [of something masias [n] (n) baby crab. In south: very large] fall down. Kei les vaJilohloh ta timasias [maasiase] mant v fta ka v ulfte mul. He saw a lohloh treefa ll down, leaving a hole. 3. [of masi kav [n] kind of breadfruit swelling] go down. See: rue. Reduplicated [masikaave] form maruaru. [marue] masila [n] kinds of tree (Garuga maruaru [intr] 1. fall down (in large j7.oribunda and Glocidon ramiflorum) numbers). A ngu sakin maJoumant ant vast, [masilaa] ahis tovuel, maniok tovuel. The hurricane caused many coconuttrees to fall down, masin [n] machine. Bislama: masin there were no bananas, and there was no [masine] manioc. 2. collapse (in large numbers). Eim keil mantant vast. All of the houses masin takaskasien [n] (n) washing collapsed. Derived from: maru [by machine. Derived from: masin, teni , reduplication] [ma-rua-rue] kaskas. In south: masin tekasikasien [masine ta-kasi-kasi-ene] maruaru lei [intr] all fall down. VaJiiii keil mantantlei vast. The trees all fe ll down so masin ten kiras [n] lawnmower [masine that there were none left standing. [marua teni kiraasi] rue lei] masing [n] love magic [masinge] martitu [intr] loose. Vitiu ro marUtutei. The rope is not loose. [maruutuu] masing heat [n] skin disease covering large area of body [massinge heati] mas! [intr] cooked; [of food] ready. A ran vuas en avul va mas. They baked the pig in masing vatisiel [n] kind of sorcery. the ground oven until it was ready. PNCV: Titamol v ite "M ehehit mehouasinau ka stk *maso [maso] keilek mehehilesi hehtmasing vatisiel". The lisefs ef said "If you want to kill me, mas2 [intr] have in abundance. Ir romas you can turn my bones into croton magic". vareis en tounah. We have lots of things. Derived from: vatte; siel [masinge vati See: amas [masu] siele] mas [intr] must; have to. Kimas kfmai. You must corne. Bislama: mas [maasi] 74 masingsing [n] (n) kind of plant with matI [intr] 1. die; dead. 2. [of canoe] smelly green flowers. In south: capsize. A vfsinau avit vakili onak mat. They masingising [masingi-singi] asked if my canoe had capsized. 3. [of canoe] fill with water because overloaded. masise [intr] (n) 1. [of mat or rope] frayed. 4. [of engine] stop; stall. Namuloh nauva 2. [of leaf] serrated-edged. Oute masise. va enout to.ve sesal venout Nou, ensin mat. The leaf is serrated. In south: masisel I came as far as somewhere near Nou and [masisee] the engine stalled. 5. [of ball] go out (in sports or games). 6. [of fire] go out 7. [of masisel [intr] (s) [of mat or rope] frayed. penis] flaccid; limp. Synonym: matH. 8. In north: masise [masisele] [of sea] calm. Takes stressed prefix series e.g. aumat. See: matmat [reduplicated masisil [intr] completely finished. A kol form] PNCV: *mate [mate] vina va masisil. They hoed up to the top until they had completely finished. See: mat2 [sintr] quiet. See: rO mat [mate] sisil [masisile] mat [intr] 1. [of story] finish; end; masiv [intr] split. Synonym: maseh conclude. Selu.sien teni va miitosnoutenek . [masive] That's where the story about it ends. 2. [of rope] come undone. Synonym: matot masmas [n] obs. knife. Synonym: eau [maato] PNCV: *masi-masi [masi-masi] mat koe [tr] (n) die on behalf of. Iesu masmasi [tr] 1. praise. M eteisau keil Kristo mat koe fro Jesus Christ died for us. amasmasi avite "Ei, morevakili, muloh In south: mat kole[mate koe] tahosivis tahos". The skilled men would praise it saying "Oh, what a good canoe it mat ranil [tr] die leaving survivor. Ahin is, it sails really well". 2. thank. kei matran tftan keiluek. The woman died, Namasmasuk. Thank you. Derived from: leaving her two children. [mate rani] nmi [by reduplication] [masi-masi] mat rnni2 [n] kind of eating banana [mate maso [n] evening star; Venus. Synonym: ranie] hitu maso PNCV: *mwazoe [masoo] mateh [n] landslide. Meatin keil tenout masokeite [link] broken pieces. Synonym: Meteang, mateh lahkeil. A landslide carried tavisengeite. In south: tavisengaite away all of the people of Meteang. PNCV: [masoke-] *matava [matehe]

masukur Titam ol vite [n] kind of sorcery. matel [n] kind of vine used to make pig "M ehehit mehouasinau ka sfk keilek yard [matelu] mehehilesi hehi masukur". The lisefs ef said: "If you want to kill me, you can turn matetel [intr] 1. thick. 2. deep PNCV: masukur " my bones into magic . [masukure] *matolu [matetelu]

masur [n] kind of banana. Synonym: matien [n] (n) death. In south: maten. masur ten Motau [masure] Derived from: mat [mate-ene]

masur ten Motau [n] kind of banana. matil [intr] 1. sleep. Ked auvol out mulan Synonym: masur[ma sure teni moiau] varei, amules veah amatil. They danced right until dawn and they are still sleeping. masurasur [intr] [of clothes] baggy; Synonym: pol . 2. lie down. 3. live. Inau loose-fitting [masura-sure] naromatilteimun Namburu. I don't live at Namburu any more. Synonym: rOo 4. [of masut masut [n] diesel. Bislama: (from ship or plane] stay overnight at anchorage French mazout) [masute] 75

or airport. 5. [of penis] flaccid; limp. about his dream. In south: Synonym: mat See: mematil matilvolavolen. Derived from: mati! [reduplicated form] PNCV: *maturu v6v6i [matilu voovoi-ene] [matilu] matmat [intr] (n) die (in large numbers). matil kati [tr] sleep on; lie on. Nales aman M eatin keil vasfaumatmat. All of the people ta matil katorelfte etel. I can see a bird lying died. Derived from: mat [by reduplication]. on three eggs. [matilu kati] matil kat In south: matemat [mate-mate] ralingen be sound asleep. matmes en] (n) low tide; falling tide matilkoe [tr] (n) sleep at somebody's (which runs towards Epi). Matuen mfta en place to protect them. In south: matil kole matimes, vonni keke okeahis va ut. His [matilukoe] uncle came down at low tideand found that the banana skin had come ashore. Derived matil kokeni [tr] (n) stay overnight to from: amat; meso In south : matimes guard. Synonym: matil sasam. In south: [mati-mese] matil kokoloni [matilu kokeeni] mato [sintr] Only in sesel mato PNCV: matil lah [intr] sleep early. A sUa komai *taro pray [matoo] avitnae "K amfmivaha mivomatil lah veni PapaNoel hemai kosa en vongien". They marot [intr] 1. [of story] finish; end; sent for us and said "You should all sleep conclude. 2. [of rope] come undone. early because Father Christmas is coming Synonym: mat [maatooti] tonight". [matilu lahi] marot lei [intr] come completely undone. matil ravobong [intr] (n) sleep dead to Tiret onak miitot lei tai. My sutures had the world unable to be woken up. In south: come completely undone. [maatooti lei] matil ramobong [matilu ravobongo] matou en] 1. dry coconut. 2. coconut tree. matil sai [intr] (n) sleep soundly. 3. hard flesh of dry coconut. 4. copra. M e Melrosini me/v it PapaNoel viimai, melro Voum keil hou/u amul akotmatou Lovu. vo melroras, melmati! sai. We waited for There are many Paamese making copra on Father Christmas to come until we couldn't Malakula. 5. sw. smegma; smelly secretion stay awake, and we were soundly asleep. under foreskin. Synonym: sumematou. 6. Synonym: mati! sau. In south: matil sal white of egg. PNCV: *mwato?u [matou] [matilu sail matou ai en] kind of coconut [matou ail matil sasani [intr] stay overnight to guard. NimatilsCistin vakili onak, niles asa matou havkraun en] kind of coconut ke mai sakin tounah keilek eni. I will stay [matou haavkraune] overnight by my canoe to see what is doing these things to it. Synoym: matil kokeni matou hoev en] (n) 1. kind of coconut. 2. [matilu saasaani] side of coconut which, when tapped, causes it to break evenly in half. In south: matou mati! sau [intr] sleep soundly. Synonym: holev [matou hoeve] matil sai [matilu saau] matou hon en] dry coconut that has not matil volavol [intr] (s) dream. In north: yet started to sprout [matou hono] matil v6voi [matilu vola-vole] matoulou en] forbidden coconut [matou matil v6voi [intr] (n) dream. Inau lou] naromatil vovoitei. I didn't dream. In south: matil volavol [matilu voovoi] matou mahiteli en] kind of coconut with light-coloured husk [matou mahitelii] matilv6v6ien en] (n) dream. Ulmatu viten matilvovoien onen. The old man talked 76

matou ngoliman [n) kind of coconut with matf1 [n) high tide; rising tide (which runs small fruit and husk that can be eaten. towards southeast Ambrym). M atulehleh Synonym: ngoliman [matou ngolimane) vIta Tans o. The rising tide was running towards southeast Ambrym. Derived from: matou Santo [n) kind of coconut [matou amat; mii [mati-ue) santoo) matuen [suff) maternal uncle. Synonym: matou soso [n) kind of coconut which avov PNCV: *matua [matuo-) grows directly from the branch rather than being attached to a stem (which makes it matiini [str) do with the right hand. See: easy to remove while throwing something kur matoni. Derived from: matu up at the fruit) [matou soosoo) [matuu-ni)

matou tisa [n) 1. kind of coconut. 2. sides mau [mod) whole; complete. See: hanu of coconut which, when tapped, cause the mau; vulimau Variant of: temau [maul coconut to break unevenly [matou tiisaa) mauen [suff) long tail of rooster. PNCV: matouhail [n) (n) kind of coconut. In *maua fe ather [maue-) south: matouhal. Derived from: matou; ahai [matou-hai) mauni [str) 1. do all in one go. Kei mun maunies. He drank it all in one go. 2. do on matouhai2 en) (n) kind of fish. In south: one's own. Kei mum maunies. He did it all matouhal. Derived from: matou; ahai on his own. Derived from: mau [mau-ni) [matou-hai) mav! [n) 1. gecko. Uluk metau viireien matouka en) kind of coconut. Synonym: miiv keil. I am very scared of geckos. 2. any sUsu. Derived from: matou; muka lizard [maavi) [matou-kaa) mav2 [n) (n) kind of fi sh similar to mullet matoura [n) kind of coconut with red which lies on sand, 15-30 cm in length and coloured husk. Derived from: matou; ara silver in colour, sometimes with stripe [matou-raa) along body. In south: aka] [maavi)

matoutou [n) undiluted coconut milk. See: mavika [n) gecko which jumps. Derived matou [matou-tou) from: may; muka [maavi-kaa)

matu! [adj] right-hand side. Hek malU vuli mavopoh [intr] 1. slack; loose. 2. [of ball] kat ahattii maoveeni kek. My righthand is not pumped up [mavopohe) holding a stone to throw at him. PNCV: *matu?a [matue) mavul [intr) 1. break; broken. Inau hek mavul navong namul napus vol. I broke my matu2 [adj) ancient; very old. Mahit usil leg while I was playing football. 2. snap; seliisien matu tii, en meatin keil keke aro snapped. 3. [of waves) break. Melvit mulamun. I want to tell an ancient story melvasoris vakili ka atas mavul houlu. We about the people who were here before. wanted to put the canoe back to sea, but the PNCV: *matu?a [matue) sea was breaking a lot. See: mavulvul [reduplicated form] [mavulu] matu3 [intr) 1. [of garden) [of people] old. Kovit namatu tai? Do you think I'm old mavul visi [refl] crack; cracked [mavulu already? 2. revert to bush. Outekek viisi] romatUtei veah. This place has not yet reverted to bush. [matuu] mavulite [link] piece (usually large); chunk. mavulivotel broken piece of glass. [mavuli-) 77

mavulvul [intt] (n) break to pieces; meakoi [n] (n) 1. bachelor; unmarried broken to pieces. Asem ten vakilionak man. 2. [of male] grown-up. In south: mavulvul. The outrigger poles to my canoe molakol [meakoi] all broke. Derived from: mavul [by reduplication]. In south: mavuluvul meanl [n] kind of vine [meane] [mavulu-vulu] mean2 [n] (n) hot ground with fine dust mavus [intt] lean over. Vatiahis mavus that hurts bare feet to walk on. Meanhoulu avong amusahi en eau.The banana plant ka asilatsak ras valohvakeih. There was leaned over when they cut it with a knife. such a lot of fine hot dust that the worm [mavusu] couldn't go fast. Synonym: meHid In south: melat [meane] mavus kati [tt] floaton something in water with one's belly resting on something. measl [intt] (n) 1. heavy. 2. euph. Kei mavus kat tiiri ten vakili ka inau pregnant. Synonym: vange. 3. [of weather] nakuriesuk vesesal venau.He was floating humid. Out meas. It is humid. In south: on the canoe seat and I brought him closer melas [measi] hen meas clumsy; to me. See: mavusi [mavusi kati] awkward. Hek measeni. I feel awkward doing that. ongon meas not fluent. Ongok mavusi [tt] stick fast to. V oimesau keil meas en lanus. I am not fluent in Paamese. arnavus ahat. The shells were stuck fast to the rocks. [mavusi] meas2 [n] (n) 1. ashes. A hang kani, vi' meas vasi' tai. The fired burntit and it was me [intt] urinate. Mamemau. I want to go all just ashes. 2. dust. Synonym: for a pee first. See: meme [reduplicated vulimeas. 3. somebody who is drunk out form] PNCV: *memea [mee] of their mind. Synonym: atan; aek. 4. unconscious; knocked out. Amuasi vi'meas me ravobong [intr] (n) pee oneself. In viirei. They hit him and he was knocked south: me ramobong [mee ravobongo] right out. In south: molas [measu] mea [intt] (n) 1. get up. 2. stand up. 3. get meas kati [tt] (n) weigh down. Tounah out of the way. Mea! Get out of the way. 4. keil mul en vot hemeas kat ialu. The things get away. Munak ke naraengoni ke eim in the boat will weigh us down. In south: vesesal varnotka namea. When I felt that melas kati [measi kati] the house was about to fall down, I got away. 5. appear. Kitaengon alum ul, vanei measen [n] 1. gall bladder. 2. bile vameakek. When you feel an earthquake, [mea sen] that's when the volcano is about to appear. 6. [of temper] rise. Sousou mea. My temper measil [tt] urinate on. Konameas vem. rose. 7. [of sun] rise. Synonym: rna; roba; What if you wet your bed? See: me asi rangosa. In south: mela [meaa] mea � [reduplicated form] PNCV: *marazl ranout get out of the way. [measi] mea ravobong [intt] (n) getup in one's measi2 [refl] wet oneself; urinate in one's sleep; sleepwalk. In south: mela pants. K imeasik kosa! You're going to wet ramobong [meaa ravobongo] yourself now! [measi] meahos [n] (n) male person. Lukur ehon meatin1 [n] (n) 1. man. 2. person. onealuelu, ahin tiika meahos tii. They had Synonym: hanu; hanoali. 3. hus?and. two children, one girl and one boy. Synonym: asOn. In south: molatin Synonym: toman. In south: molahos [meatine] [meahosi] meakes [n] (n) kind of cooking banana. In meatin2 [n] (n) corner post of house. In molatin south: molakes [meakese] south: [meatine] 78 meatin hau [n] (n) member of younger meilah [n] (n) kind of tree. In south: generation; youth. Navit mahit usil Sinoa mailah [meilahe] keil ka kaml ke meatin haumeheilea ke Sinoa keil keke avamltaenout Vanuatu ktika mekah [intr] 1. peel off. 2. come unstuck mukok . I want to talk about the Vietnamese [mekahe] so that the younger generation will know that they arrived in Vanuatu like this. In mekalekal [intr] (s) [of water] drinkable. south: molatin hau [meatine haau] In north: makaikai [mekale-kale] meatin hos [n] (n) mortal person (as mel [intr] [of breadfruit or pawpaw] against spirit). Temat keilu min meatin hos overripe. lnau navit morokadei veta koan tii liimai. A devil came along with a mortal ro melutei. I said I don't want to eat person. In south: molatin hos [meatine breadfruit that isn't overripe. [melu] hosi] mela[intr] squirt [meelaa] meatin matu [n] (n) ancestors. Mulamun meatin matukeil oro tahos. Our ancestors melal [n] (s) kindof tree [melaale] before used to live well. Synonym: mematu. In south: molatin matu melala [intr] 1. light (in weight). 2. [of [meatine matuu] weather] not humid. Out meliila. It is not humid. PNCV: *mara?a [melaalaa] meatin takeih [n] (n) warrior; fighter. Tiita onak VI meatin takeih, mul muas melan [n] morning star; Mars. Synonym: meatin keil. My father used to be a warrior, hitu melanPNCV : *marani [melane] he used to kill people. Derived from: keih. In south: molatin tekaih [meatine ta melang [intr] 1. unable to climb treesor lift keiho] heavy weights. Ehon tiiime/ang taheouaien. One of the boys is unable to climb trees. 2. meatin ten atas [n] (n) 1. person from unfit [melango] another island. 2. stranger. In south: molatin ten atas [meatine teni atasi] melat [n] (s) hot ground with fine dust that hurts bare feet when walking. In north: meaul [n] (n) incubator bird; megapode mean; meiad [melato] (Megapodusjreycinet). Mahiten tunien tiii onen meau keilu min ahu. I am going to tell melav [n] kind of crab [melaave] a story about the megapode and the turtle. In south: melau PNCV: *maJau [meau] melave [n] (s) slab coral. Tovuli onak kovenau en melave. My wife threw a piece meau2 [n] kind of breadfruit [me au] of slab coral at me. In north: helahel [melavee] meda [intr] bleed. Manuonak mul meda. My sore is bleeding. [medaa] meleite [link] (s) flame. In north: meneite PNCV: *mwele [mele-] medahoai [n] kind of fern [medahoai] melek [n] 1. milk for drinking with tea medHah [t] (n) 1. afternoon. 2. evening. In (rather than breastrnilk). 2. Pernod. south: kovanges [mediilahi] Synonym: pastis. Bislama: melek [meleke] melen [n] watermelon. Synonym: pastek. meiad [n] (n) hot ground with finddust Bislama: melen [melene] that hurts bare feet to walk on. Synonym: mean. In south: melat [meiaade] melit [n] eel (Anguilliformes). A hu keilu min meau luvltaen voretioai luvite meihat [n] (s) angelfish (Family luva/ekattei ea/u melit. The turtle and the Chaetodontidae). In north: veihat megapode went down to a little river [meihatu] 79 looking for some eel for them to eat. meme [n] urethral opening. See: me [mee Variant of: malit [melite] mee] melitten atas [n] sea eel (Family memeasen [adj] (n) green. Out vf Angu/lidae) [melite teni atasi] memeasenmok tahos. Everything was really green. Synonym: ouai. In south: melit ten oai [n] freshwater eel [melite melamelasen [memeasene] teni oai] memeasi [tr] urinate on. Derived from: melite [link] ripe breadfruit. meliveta ripe measi [by reduplication] [me-measi] breadfruit. [meli-] memel [n] (n) kind of vine. In south: imel melmeli [n] kind of tree. Synonym: [memeli] melmeli voueh [meli-melii] memer[intr] wet. Derived from: mer [me melmeli voueh [n] kind of tree. meru] Synonym: melmeli [meli-melii vouehe] memerang [intr] collapse (in large meluv [n] kind of vine [meluvo] numbers). Derived from: merang [me merange] mem [intr] [of food] stale [meme] memerau [intr] 1. weak. 2. soft. Derived memaesl [intr] (n) [of leaves, grass] from: merau [me-merau] rustle. M av tiii. mul memaesen munai. There is a lizard rustling in the grass. memes [intr] 1. dry. 2. [of floodwater] go Derived from: maes [by reduplication]. In down. Oai memes varei, suva! oai south: malma1es [me-maese] rom ukurtei. The floodwaters went right down, as though there had been no flood. memaes2 [intr] (n) [of hair] knotted; Derived from: mes [by reduplication] [me matted. Derived from: maesi [by mese] reduplication]. In south: malmales [me maesi] memetau [intr] always afraid. Ehon keil auvtien sukul aro memetautei. Children memakul [intr] shout for joy (in large going to school shouldn't be afraid. Derived numbers). Derived from: makuI [by from: metau [me-metau] reduplication] [me-makulu] memetauni [tr] habitually fear; afraid of all memal [intr] 1. straight(plural). 2. correct; the time. Derived from: metauni [by proper (plural). Derived from: mal [by reduplication] [me-metau-ni] reduplication] [me-malu] memou [intr] (n) ashamed; embarrassed; mematil [intr] sleep habitually. Jo hn mules shy. A vit "K oromemoutei", ka inau navit mematil. John always sleeps. Derived from: "l nau koanineknarein geingeni". They said matil [by reduplication] [me-matilu] "You're not embarrassed" and I said "I can never be embarrassed". In south: memau mematu [n] (n) ancestor. lrroselilsin [memou] mematu keil. We are talking about our ancestors. Synonym: tevin; meatin matu. men [intr] ripe. A his tima! men tai. Our In south: molamatu. Derived from: arne; banana is ripe. Takes stressed prefixseries matu [mee-matuu] e.g. aumen. See: menmen [reduplicated form] PNCV: *mena [mene] meme [intr] urinate. Navit mahti mamememau. I want to go for a pee first. menl [suff] 1. tongue. 2. wedge; chock. 3. Derived from: me [by reduplication] [me tongue of shoe. See: arne PNCV: *mea mee] [mee-] men tamure stutter mungas men mumble. 80 men2 [suff] urine. Synonym: simen menmen2 [intr] (n) ripen early. Senahi [mee-] menkati want to urinate. M ek menmen. The pawpaw ripened early. katinau. vareis. I really want to have a pee. Derived from: men [by reduplication). In men muasi want to urinate. south: menamen [mena-mene] men lei [intr] [of banana] ripen on plant menmen oai [n] dragonfly [mena-mene without first being cut down [mene lei] oai] menmOtaini [refl] [of fIrst fruit in meng kati [tr] command; order [menge season] ripen. Synonym: tematu [mene kati] mootaini] mengal [intr] [of coconuts] come out of menviIai [intr] really ripe [mene vilai] bud. Hungianimengal ran teipiih. The bunch of coconuts came out of the bud. men visi [refl] half-ripe [mene viisi] [mengale] menaias [n] large canoe (that can carry up mengmeng [n] (n) 1. dumb person (i.e. to a dozen people) [menaiase] who is unable to speak). 2. stutterer. Synonym: ameng. In south: mengemeng meneai [t] (n) daytime. Kosa meneai [menge-menge] kosakin asaten tomahin?What did you do to your mother-in-law in the day? In south: mer [intr] wet. See: memer; menner meneal. Derived from: meneite; eai [reduplicated forms] PNCV: *meu [meru] [mene-eai] mernh [intr] [of fruit] come off at stem. meneas [n] (n) 1. ripe chestnut. 2. sl. M ato u merah. The coconutcame offat the sexual intercourse. Derived from: meneite; stem. [merahe] eas [mene-ease] merni [n] (n) kind of tree used to make menehis [n] rubbish left in garden after bow. In south: meral [merai] burningoff. Lumuniti vo evus, out mulan lukur menehis. After they had burnt off, the merni malik [n] (n) kind of merai tree next morning they picked up the rubbish. with dark leaves. In south: meral malik [menehisu] [merai maliko] meneihang [n] (n) hot coals in fire. mernJ [n] (s) kind of tree used to make Derived from: meneite; ahang. In south: bow. In north : merni [merale] meleihang [mene-i-hango] merales [n] broken pieces of dead coral meneite1 [link] (n) ripe fruit. meneahis washed up on beach PNCV: *Iase ripe banana. 2. fallen fruit that is ripe. In [merales] south: menaite [mene-] meramernu [intr] 1. weak. 2. soft. Derived meneite2 [link] flame. menevakoraflame from: mernu [by reduplication] [mera from burningcoconut shell. In south: merau] meleite [mene-] meramernu lei[intr] 1. completely weak. meneivong [n] (n) charcoal. Derived V otom meramerau lei tail Your bottom is from: meneite; avong. In south: completely weak (making you fart a lot)! 2. meleivong [mene-i-vongi] insipid. Derived from: merau[mera-merau lei] menmen1 [n] (n) nautilus shell. Synonym: iIe [mena-mene] meraninum [n] sea creature living on reef which can be eaten [meraninume] 81 mernng [intr] 1. collapse. 2. [of something period. Synonym: ro aiou. 2. [of fruit] heavy] fall down. See: memerang diseased. See: memesai [reduplicated [reduplicated form] [merange] form] [mesai] PNCV: *masaki. memesai habitually sick. lnaunar omemesaitei. I merau1 [intr] 1. weak. 2. soft. See: never get sick. memerau; meramerau [reduplicated forms] [merau] tin merau 1. strong mesai2 [n] (n) 1. open sea; right out to sea. willed; not easily aroused. 2. calm down. A son vakili avfta avalis vo amulen mesai. They put their canoe to sea and rowed until merau2 [sintr] do softly; do gently. Kei they were right out to sea. 2. deep part of mul seWs meraus.He was just speaking river; midstream. Munak ke nauvaen mesai softly. [merau] ten oai, navit oai houlu Parias kek. When I got to midstream, I said that this was the merawn [str] do softly; do gently. Kitokol Parias River. 3. public place. 4. clearing. In meraunies. Just touch it gently. See: pm south: mesal PNCV: *masale/*zara merawn. Derived from: merau [merau-ni] [mesai] meredal [intr] transparent.Eisin mom mesai uai [n] (n) wide open sea; right out meredaiis, nakiletis mal.elekisriluni. Your to sea. Namulen mesai ulii, navalis venout shirt is transparent, I can see through it. Tavie vis nasak ras . I was in the wide open [meredali] sea and I rowed towards Tavie but couldn't make it. In south: mesal vuel, mesal meredas [intr] beautiful [meredasi] vupuel [mesai uaai]

Merika [n] 1. America. 2. American. En mesaien [n] 1. sickness; disease; illness. avong ten rea, M erika keil houlu aumai. 2. blemish on fruit. 3. menstrual blood. During the war, many Americans came Derived from: mesai [mesai-ene] here. [merikaa] mesal [n] (s) 1. open sea; right out to sea. meli

metata [intr] 1. [of frre] burn low. A hang meteai en] (n) sun. In south: meteal. mul metiita. The fire is burning low. 2. let Derived from: meteite; eai [mete-eai] up; abate. A mul antva keil va va v io munak meteai vesesal vanO be in one's twilight metiita, ka meatin keil arasil. They were years. Ulmatu meteaivesesali VOIla. Theold shooting each other and when the fighting man is in his twilight years. let up, they all went home. 3. calm down [metaataa] meteai ten atas en] (n) starfish. In south: meteal ten atas [meteai teni atasi] metau! [intr] 1. afraid. Komatilsasomos, korometautei en vongien? Living on your meteau en] (n) gate. Inau nita en metelau own, aren't you afraid at night? 2. nervous; ka kamftel metehina meteole vuasinek. I will concerned. See: memetau [reduplicated stand in the gate and you can all go up and form] PNCV: *mataku [metau] ulin chase the pig. In south: metelau [meteaau] metau afraid. Rita ulin metauen huli keil. Rita is afraidof dogs. meteihat en] 1. part of shore with smooth rounded rocks. 2. sea which is not too far metau2 [sintr] do because of fear. K ei from shore. Derived from: meteite; ahat mum metaus. He just cried from fe ar of [mete-i-hatu] punishment (and not from the punishment itself.) [me tau] meteihoi en] (n) clear passage through reef. Unu keil avfta en meteihoi Voravor metauen en] fear. Sak kei viles va, ka asan vakili.The unu went down to the metauen teni mules. The shark turned passage at Voravor and put their canoes to around and went, but the fear of it was still sea. Synonym: eihoi; eihoi hos; pasis. there. Derived from: metau [metau-ene] In south: meteihol [meteihoi]

metauni [tr] 1. fear; afraid of. Keik meteihol en] (s) clear passage through korometaudei mav?Ar en't you afraid of reef. Synonym: leihol; lei hoI hos. In lizards? 2. nervous of; concerned about. north: meteihoi [meteihole] Memetaunimev itnae anava. We were concerned in case they should decay. See: meteiIau en] nephew; niece (through one's memetauni [reduplicated form] . Derived sister). M e-Meteang keil asan outEitavoiai from: metau [metau-ni] min meteilau one vfveiat. The people of Meteang gave Eitavoiai to their nephews. metave en] (s) sleep in eye. In north: [meteilau] metrahi [metavee] meteimal en] village. Synonym: heimal metavinavong [t] midnight. Amatil va [ meteirnali] rokolmetavinavong, araengon tounah tao They slept until midnight, and then they meteiol en] (s) 1. soft pudding leaves used heard something. Variant of: tavinavong as innermost layer around food to be [metavinavongi] wrapped for cooking. Synonym: meteite; tiniol. 2. clean mat placed on marriage bed. metavinavong tahos en] still of the In north : metouai [meteioli] night. Variant of: tavingavong tahos [tavinavongi tahosi] meteisau en] skilled person (especially someone good at carving and making metavol en] (s) flying thing with people canoes). Meatin keilmu lamunamul inside. Munak kosa rolonge avite 'p lain' , ka areingeing, ka meteisau one keil, Ahi ling fr mulam un orer avise en 'metav01' , ka kati mul en keil. Before, people used to be reheM en out ke er vati. Today we hear ignorant, and God established skilled about 'planes', but before we had a people among them. PNCV: *matai sau 'metavol' and we could go anywhere we [meteisau] wanted. [metavolo]

metavus en] kind of shellfish [metavusi]

L 84 meteitan [n] mound made where yam has meteni [str] do with raw food. See: kan been planted. Derived from: meteite; atan meteni. Derived from: metes [mete-ni] [mete-i-tano] meteriril [n] small round hole. Luleh meteite1 [link] soft pudding leaves used as vakili va teim ka lukiles tetal meteriril. They innermost layer around food to be wrapped took the canoe home and drilled the small for cooking. Synonym: metouai ; tinue. In holes through it. Derived from: meteite; south: meteiol; tiniol [mete-] riril [mete-ririlu] meteite2 [link] (n) dirty; old; worn out. meteru [ n] large eyes. Derived from: metenaiv old knife. Synonym: musite. In meten; rfJ [mete-ruu] south: metaite [mete-] metes [intr] raw; uncooked PNCV: *mata meteivak [n] area inside yam stakes made [metese] in circle around vine [meteivaki] metesa [n] kind of moth [metesaa] meten [suff] 1. eye. 2. lens of camera. 3. head of boil. 4. small stick stuck into yam metetai [intr] (n) [of clothes] old; worn mound to show where yam has been out. Derived from: metai [by planted. 5. lid; stopper; bottletop. Meten reduplication]. In south: metetal [metetai] sosipen vuel. The saucepan lid is missing. 6. operculum of shellfish. 7. of the three metetan [suff] anus. Synonym: vuIitan; holes in the top of a coconut, the one which uruvoten; vulirais. Derived from: amet; can be opened easily. 8. person who is he tan [mete-taa -] (i.e. the chaser) in a game of chasey. Meten Siti! Siti is he! 9. leaves to cover top of methatetamen [n] red snapper (Lutjanus breadfruitpit. Rorilf oueas va nesa, ro roli bohar). Derived from: amet; hatetamen koan avitavotaluh koe vahfmeten. We [mete-hatetamene] would stitch together the chestnut leaves all the way and we would cover over the top of metHila [n] yam vine trainers stuck straight the pit. 10. sl. something really tremendous. in ground without being bent down Sitoa koanik alesi meten viireis. This store [metlaalaa] looks really tremendous. Synonym: ahang. See: amet PNCV: *mata [meto-] rei metlualu [n] spectacles; glasses. Derived meten look sideways without moving from: amet; elu [mete-Iua-Iue] one's head. metmaJik [n] kind of shellfish. Derived meten ill [n] prow of canoe; stem of from: amet; malik [mete-maliko] canoe. Amul are i vakili, meten tiielu, ta mulamu ka ta kiitau. When they carved a metmaJikeIik [n] dizzy spell. Derived canoe there would be a prow and a stem. from: amet; malikelik [mete-malikeliko] [mete-ne aai] matmalualu [n] bug-eyes; eyes that bulge meten on [suff] urethral opening in penis. out. Derived from: amet; maIualu [mete Synonym: valengeon [mete-ne oo-ne] maalualue] metenan1 [desc] selfish; greedy metnoano [n] (n) coconut bud. In south: [rnetenaane] hainoano; hanoano. Derived from: amet; noano [mete-noa-noo] metenan2 [suff] forehead. Synonym: nan; heivatin; heinan. Derived from: meteite; metouai [n] (n) 1. soft pudding leaves nan [mete-naa-] used as innermost layer around food to be wrapped for cooking. Synonym: tinue; meteite. 2. clean mat placed on marriage bed. In south: meteiol [mete-ou-ai] 85 metrahi [n] (n) sleep in eye. Derived from: away from the interior of the island). 3. amet; raID.In south: metave [mete-rahii] come (to Paama from Vila). 4. come (to Santo from Paama). 5. come (to Vanuatu metuktuk [n] (n) Pleiades; name of from overseas). 6. come aboard ship or constellation ofstars. In south: J1X)tukutuk canoe. Irregular singular imperative: anuta [metuku-tuku] [miitaa] metvopol [n] narrow eyes. Derived from: mita lit [intr] fall to the ground. Miiv amet; vopol [mete-vo-pole] tam un mfta lit. Another lizard fell to the ground. [miitaa litu] me-Vown [n] (n) Paamese people. In south: mola-Yawn. Derived from: arne; mO [n] into evil spirit [moo] Vown [mee-voumo] mobong [intr] (s) forget. Synonym: mietiet [n] rainbow [mietiete] bobong. In north: vobong [mobongo] nnl 0 [n] Milo. Bislama: milo [miiloo] moil vong [n] poisonous sea creature; crinoid [moili vongi] mini [prep] 1. to (dative goal). Inau nisan eisin mak minuk. I will give you my shirt. molahos [n] (s) male. Synonym: toman. 2. with (accompaniment). Kei lah ruai min In north: meahos [molahosi] ehon keil ten meteimal. He hangs around with the village boys. 3. and; with. Komal molakes [n] (s) kind of cooking banana. min Siti melehii niimal. Siti and I will go to In north: meakes [molakese] the meeting house. 4. about. A vakatminuk niimal kosa.They are going to hold court molakol [n] (s) bachelor; unmarried man. about you in the meeting house today. 5. In north: meakoi [molakolo] for; instead of. Keik kum vilai mini, kei re ingeingeni voumoni. You do it properly molamatu [n] (s) ancestor. Synonym: instead of him, he doesn't know how to do tevin; molatin matu. In north: l'l1ematu. it. 6. for; on behalf of. Amilmon tahatianien Derived from: arnol; matu [mola-matuu] min vekaho keil. They have made some food on behalf of the circumcised boys. molas [n] (s) ashes. In north: meas [mini] [molasu] mis1 [intr] 1. cry. 2. weep. 3. [of cicadas] molatin1 [n] (s) 1. man. 2. person. make chirping noise. 4. moan. 5. [of dog] Synonym: hanu; hanoali. 3. husband. howl [isi] tinmis 1. be upset; troubled. Synonym: ason; ason koa toman. In Inau tinok mfs. I am upset. 2. feel sorry. north: meatin [molatine] havungali mis dusk. Kei mum va havungali mfs. He worked until dusk. molatin2 [n] (s) corner post in house. In north: meatin [molatine] mis2 [n] obs. missionary. Mfs mai ve ut mulamoun enout Lfro . The missionary fi rst molau [n] kind of tree with hard wood came ashore at Liro. Early. Bislama: mis [molau] [miisi] Molau [n] name of reef just off Vouleli mis kai [intr] scream. Naraengoni keke and Tahal Nesa villages (said to have tounah tiimul leheinau, leh vareinaus va originally been an island which the sea vesesal maheasvaiteh, namfs kiii. I could flooded over and from which the original feel something pulling at me and it dragged people were displaced to Vouleli) [molau] me until my feet were about to touch the door, and I was screaming. [isi kaai] moletil [tr] (s) come right to. In north: mOti [moleti] mita [intr] 1. come (downwards/downhill). 2. come (in the direction of the sea and 86 moleti2 [str) (s) 1. come right to. 2. to do morevongien. Derived from moreite with. In north: mOti [moleti) [moree) moli [tr) 1. pull up (grass). 2. pull out more varei [int) goodbye [moree vaarei) (fibres) from coconut husk. 3. weed (grass) in former garden site to clear it. See: moreite [link) good (singular). molmol [reduplicated form) [moli) Moretounah onomil viireis. That's a very good thing that the two of you have got molmol [intr) (n) 1. pull up grass. 2. pull there. See: monnoreite [reduplicated out fibres from coconut husk. 3. weed grass form) [more-] in former garden site to clear it. Derived from: moli [by reduplication). In south: morekovanges [int) (s) good afternoon. molimol [moli-moli) Synonym: more. Derived from: moreite; kovanges. In north: moremedilah molmolesiasi [n) kind of plant [mole [more-kovangese) molesiasii) moremedilah [int) (n) good afternoon. moltisa [n) bitter orange (Citrus Synonym: more. Derived from: moreite; macropter). Synonym: amol tisa [moli medilah. In south: morekovanges tiisaa) [more-mediilahi) momoila [intr) 1. smoothe ground with moretaviai [int) (n) hello (used as a piece of wood around yam mounds. 2. do greeting during the middle of the day). the ironing [momoilaa) Synonym: more. Derived from: moreite; taviai [more-taviai) momoiIani [tr) 1. smoothe (ground) with piece of wood around yam mounds. 2. iron morevisokon [int) good morning. (clothes). Derived from: momoila Synonym: more. Derived from: moreite; [momoilaa-ni) visokon [more-visokono) mon [poss) 1. his; her; its (potable). Oai morevongien [int) 1. good night (said on mon isei kek? Whose drinking water is parting). 2. hello (used as greeting at night). this? 2. his; her; its (domestic). Eisin mak Synonym: more. Derived from: moreite; narokastei veah. I haven't washed my shirt vongien [more-vongiene) yet. Synonym: emon [ma-) monnoreite [link] (n) good (plural). monali [suff) (n) brother (of woman). Derived from: moreite [by reduplication). Ahin lele vfta les monali en veien. The girl In south: moremoreite [more-more-] looked down and saw one of her brothers on the beach. Synonym: monen. In south: mosan1 [n] decoration [mosani] manali PNCV: *mwane [mano-) mosan2 [intr) decorated. Ifmal orer mosan monen [suff) (n) brother (of woman). tahos. Our meeting house is nicely Monen atouli viikur iii. tiii.maio The girl's decorated. [mosani] brother went and brought a piece of wood. Synonym: monali. In south: manen mosanini [tr) decorate. Amosanin limal. [mano-) They decorated the meeting house. Derived from: mosan [mosani-ni) more [int) 1. hello (said any time of day or night as a greeting). More tuo! Kovahave? mot[intr] 1. fall down (from above). Hello friend, where are you going? M unak ke naraengoni ke eim veseseal Synonym: morevisokon; moretaviai; vamotka namea. When I felt that the house moremedilah, morekovanges; was about to fall down I got away. 2. fall morevongien. 2. goodbye (said any time off. Namudemi navit propela nahi mot.I of day or night as a farewell). Synonym: thought that perhaps the propellor had 87 fallen off. 3. cheap; inexpensive. Tounah tell a story about my life in 1943. 2. mole keil avuli motis enout Santo. Things are on skin; birthmark. Derived from : moul . In cheap in Santo. Synonym: temae. 4. lose south: maulien [mouli-ene] weight. A vem mot viireis. You've lost a lot of weight. Takes stressedprefix series, e.g. moulini [str] do while alive. See: kan aumot See: motmot [reduplicated form] moulini. Derived from: moul. In south: [moti] maulini [mouli-ni] motaini1 [tr] clean [mootaini] moumou [intr] [of rocks] smoothe [moumou] motaini2 [str] cause to become clean. Kei mul muteas motain eim . He is sweeping the moutftt [intr] (n) fragrant; sweet-smelling. house clean. See: musi motaini; sak VUe moututivis! That smells so nice. In mOtaini; kas motaini [mootaini] south : mautftt [moutuuti] moti1 [tr] (n) 1. come right to. Amul mO [intr] 1. [of wind] blow. EangvaJi en amusahleirwn rwn,are i vo mot TomaJ Ren vongien, korolongteiviirei kovahitnae eang ke kei vit: Minateinau! They cut the whale mul mu. When the wind abated in the night, until they came right to Tomat Ren and he you couldn't hear at all that the wind had said: Be careful not to cut me! 2. to do with. been blowing. Synonym: mflhflh. 2. [of Touna hek mai ve ut mot komai asuv keil. tide] rise. AmaJmu l mu. The tide is rising. That thing came ashore and it is to do with 3. [of moon] full. A vaJimu sakin uilaheah us chiefs. In south: moleti [mooti] keih. The moon was fu ll so there was a strong current. PNCV: *Ruarue] moti2 [str] (n) come right to. See: ka mu- [v] hit. See: muasi [uu] moti. In south: moleti [mooti] mua[i ntr] urn; ah(while thinking of verb). motmot1 [intr] (n) fall down repeatedly lnau namul namua heite. I was ... urn ... (e.g. small child leaming to walk). Derived thingummying. [muaa] from: mot. In south: motimot [moti-moti]

mum [intr] cry; sob; whine. See: mesai motmot2 [n] (n) kind of crab found in um PNCV: *kai [uaai] trees (so-called because children fall down when they touch them while searching for mum malelet [intr] cry from fear of them in trees). Derived from: mot [by punishment rather than fromthe reduplication]. In south: motimot[moti punishment itself. Synonym: mum metau moti] [uaai maleletu] motukutuk [n] (s) Pleiades; name of muai metau [intr] cry from fear of constellation of stars. In north: metuktuk punishment rather than from the [motuku-tuku] punishment itself. Synonym: muai malelet [uaai metau] moul [intr] (n) 1. live; be alive. A hi keke sakintounah keilek moul. It is God who muaite [link] 1. firstborn child; eldest makes all these things live. 2. recover from child. Tastte viteni min muaite vit: Tovuli illness; get better. A vu Lukai mesai evis, netin kanvast ahis ka mul luvos ialu. The mouliris tai. Grandfather Lukai was sick, youngest said to the eldest: It's the old but now he's better. 3. be alright. Mukave? woman who is eating all of our bananas and Komoulis? How are you? Are you alright? lying to us. 2. larger of pair of breadfruit 4. [of plants] grow. S esan sak moul tahos. growing on same branch [mua-] My vegetables are growing well. 5. [of mual [intr] 1. walk. 2. go to work in the dough] rise. In south: maul PNCY: garden. M eatin vastkeil amualtai . *ma1uri [mouli] Everybody has gone to work in the gardens. See: mualial [reduplicated form] moulien[n] (n) 1. life. Ek vaJi navit maJun usil moulien onak en 1943. I would like to PNCY: *ali-ali shaky/dizzy/unsteady [ali] 88 mual kotehei [intr] take a short cut. muani [tr] 1. wear around neck. San sen Memuolkotehei meva en eahon. We tooka onom mouani. Give me your chain so I can short cut through the bush. [ali kotehe] wear it. 2. carry on neck [uani] mual laIau [intr] walk quietly to avoid muangoang [intr] shiny and clear. A lele being heard. Meaukei ro mual liilau vfta, vita en atm, olese muangoang viirei. They ahu kei mules voulein meroles. The looked down into the sea and it was very megapode was walking quietly down, but clear. PNCV: *ago yellow/turmeric [ango the turtle was casting aside the coral on the ango] beach (thereby making a lot of noise). [ali laalaau] muarangai [intr] lean against something while standing. Synonym: varangai mual lekati [tr] walk in search of [ali lee [arangai] kati] muasi [tr] 1. hit (especially with stick or mual lev [intr] walk with feet fIrmly on open hand. 2. kill. 3. beat drum. A suv muas ground. Kiol lev en hem, konakittei. Keep ave niimol. The chief beat the drum at the your feet fr rmly on the ground, don't limp. meeting house. 4. [of any disaster] strike. Synonym: ka lev [ali level Angu mum out Voum en 1952. A cyclone struck Paama in 1952. 5. attack. A vong tiii mual rahiti [tr] walk around [ali rahiti] siik mum vakili onak. One day, a shark attacked my canoe. 6. go beyond. N am.uloh mual ravobong [intr] (n) sleepwalk. In vo nam.uas ngmfte keke onomai. I went south: muaJ ramobong [ali ravobongo] until I had gone beyond our point. Synonym: loh Ii. 7. defeat; beat (at sports mual tetoun [intr] (n) stroll; go for a or games). latel mum Ifira Blackbirds. latel walk. In south: mual tetaun [ali te-tounu] defeated Ifrra Blackbirds. 8. put out; extinguish (frre). 9. switch off (light, radio mual fito [intr] walk backwards [ali tiitoo] etc). Synonym: kur vini. 10. spread (butter). Amuaspata va en veret. The butter mual vei [intr] walk carefully [ali veil was spread onto the bread. 11. treat (sick person). A mumi en meresin. He was mual vulavul [intr] walk at full pace (so treated with medicine. Synonym: sak that one is almost running). Eimm ta muol mini. 12. euph. circumcise. Ehon orer keil, vulavul musil pool vina. There was an evil am.ulam.um keil niimol. We circumcise our spirit walking at full pace along the gully. boys in the meeting house. Synonym: [ali vula-vule] reheL 13. euph. have sexual intercourse with. Synonym: ruva; mutemi; veouni; mualiaJ [intr] 1. [of many people] walk. 2. rali kati . 14. apply sorcery to. Amuasi en [of many people] go to work in the garden. eimm. Somebody has applied sorcery to M eatin tovuol, am.ualiol vmi, aro rotei teim . him. 15. [of kava] affect. Molou muminau There was nobody, they had all gone to houlu. The kava is affecting me a lot. [uasi] work in the gardens and they weren't at men muasi need to urinate amai muasi home. Derived from: mual [ali-ali] meten be hungry muas avot practise sodomy muaJiaJ faint; get dizzy. Kei les manu tari peng muasi fee l lazy. onen, meten mualiol, liipo vita dan. When he saw his wound he got dizzy and fe ll down. muasovon [intr] [of sore] pussy. Manu onakro mumovodeimun. My sore is no muaJ uhu [n] child who is neither the eldest longer pussy. [asovono] nor the youngest in a family. Sukul koan keke kiitau, muoluhueni hehiien. The next mud [intr] [of plants] form bud [mudu] school was the one that the middle son would go to. Derived from: muaite; luhu mudas [n] (n) pufferfIsh (Arothron [mua-luhuu] hispidus). In south: ruruvek [mudasi] 89 mudas koa sin houlu [n] porcupine fish mudesini [tr] hope. Keil amudesfni avit (Diodon hystrix). Synonym: mudas koa koakeilauvii tai ut.They hoped that the sin mulien [mudasi koaa sii-ne houlue] others had already gone ashore. [desiini] mudas koa sin mulen [n] porcupine fi sh mudevu [intr] 1. sorry. 2. worry; care. 3. (Diodon hystrix). Synonym: mudas koa mourn. Synonym: mudem ko; mudem sin houlu [mudasi koaa sii-ne mule-ene] vo [devuu] mudemkati [tr] 1. remember. 2. believe mudevfmi [tr] sorry for; worry about. in; have faith in. K eik komudem katA hi? Kavmankeilu lumudevun out Voum Do you have faith in God? 3. keep in mind. heitamennavong angu muasfro The two See: mudemi [demi kati] governments were very concerned about Paama when the cyclone struck. Derived mudem kilea [tr] (n) remember; recall. from: mudevu [devuu-ni] Keil aromudem kileiiIei ka keil avit 'hfngan' . They couldn't remember so they mudil [intr] 1. jump up suddenly. Navit said hingan. In south: mudem kilela mahul kat kurU kei mudil. I wanted to catch [demi kilea] the grasshopper but it jumped up. 2. [of plane] take off [mudili] mudem ko [intr] 1. sorry. 2. worry; care. Kei ro mudem kotei. He doesn't care. 3. mOdina [intr] 1. bear pain. Kudiniis out mourn. Synonym: mudem YO, mudevu. helan. Just bear the pain until morning. 2. See: mudemi [demi koo] keep going despite weariness. 3. hold back urine despite strongneed to urinate [udinaa] mudem lekati [tr] try to think of (something) that has slipped one's mind. muduaini [tr] stick out (belly). Kei See: mudemi [demi lee-kati] muduain vangon. He stuck out his belly. Variant of: mul uaini [duaini] mudem rasi [tr] unable to remember. See: mudemi [demi rasi] mue [intr] (n) swim (to get fromone place to another). Siikmul mue mai viireiven mudem sali [tr] 1. discover. 2. remember. vakili onak.The shark was swimming right TomatRen ro en vangon leirumrum , for my canoe. In south: muol [uee] mudem sal outahtah ka siisa kuloo. Tomat Ren was inside the belly of the whale and mue merau [intr] (n) swim slowly. Naro he remembered his bamboo knife, so he namuemerau ka naro namilsili. I was reached for it and took it. See: mudemi swimming slowly behind him. In south: [demi saali] muol merau [uee merau] mudem silati [tr] suddenly recall. See: muek [n] kind of breadfruit [mueke] mudemi [demi silati] mOh kani [tr] blow on wood placed on mudemtoni [tr] forget; slip one's mind. coals to make it catch alight. See: mUhi [uhi See: mudemi [demi tooni] kaani] mudem VO [intr] 1. sorry. 2. worry; care. mOh kati [tr] blow on. Munak ahang mot 3. mourn. Synonym: mudem ko, viien hinimatou, kei muh kati.When the mudevu. See: mudemi [demi voo] sparks fe ll onto the coconut fibres, he blew on it. See: mUhi [uhi kati] mudemi [tr] 1. think; believe. Namudemi keke navit sfv heromiiIei kosa. I don't think mohi [tr] blow. See: mOhUh [reduplicated that the ship will come today. 2. think form] PNCV: *uhi [uhi] about. Tueitin komudeminau?Have you been thinkingabout me a long time? See: mUhOh[intr] blow. Eang rom uhuhtei, oai muredem [reduplicated form] [demi] romukurtei, ous tovuo. The wind wasn't blowing, the water wasn't flooding. and 90

there was no rain. Synonym: mu. Derived muke leini [tr] remove (something) to from: muhi [by reduplication] [uhu-uhu] find something inside. K ei r6 muke lein tinianien. He was removing the leaves from muka1 [intr] fly. See: mukeka around the food. [kee leini] [reduplicated form] PNCV: *kakava [kaa] asem muka [of canoe] capsize ralingen mukeka [intr] fly all over the place. Holela muka show off. keil amukeka. The swallows flew all over the place. 2. fly off in large numbers. muka2 [intr] (n) 1. have one each. Kei Derived from: muka [by reduplication] redem ien on en muka, inau onak muka. He [ke-kaa] had one idea and I had another idea. 2. different. Lfroonen muka, Tahi onen muka. mukekave [intr] however. Titamol mul Liro's is different to Tahi's. In south: gao mus okohis keke amul amumoni, ka vite : See: keka [reduplicated form] [kaa] Niadei hem ukekave? The lise/s et could smell the banana pudding that they were mukai [intr] (n) move. Ainek meas, making and he said: However am I going to romukaitei. The tree was heavy, it wouldn't get some of it to eat? See: mukave move. See: kaikai [reduplicated form] . In [mukekavee] south: gal [kai] mukekelau [intr] clamber all over; climb mukal kirkiriti [tr] scratch marks all over all over using hands. Mama, titin (something). See: mukali [kali kiri-kiriti] mukekelau enau! Mum, there are ants climbing all over me! Derived from: mukali [tr] 1. scratch. Synonym: mukelau [be reduplication] [ke-kelau] mllSeini. 2. [of grader!bulldozer] grade (road). A tahas mai mukal sfse M alapoa. A mukelau [intr] clamber; climb up using bulldozer came and graded the road at hands. V olia mukelau vina vopartlin mu l en Malapoa. PNCV: *karu [kali] mukal angoinga. The spider clambered up to tie his atas dog paddle. Namueen hek vasf keilu, web onto the branch of the native almond namukal atas. I was swimming with both tree. See: mukekelau [reduplicated form] hands, dog paddling. PNCV: *qalo [kelau]

mukamukeni [tr] communicate (message) mukeni [tr] communicate with gesture; with gesture; signal (message); make hand signal; make hand signal. Keil are ingeingen. signal to express. Inau mahiB islama min Bislama, naselu.sis en hek, namukeni. They S inoa keil ka keil are ingeingeni, didn't know. Bislama so I just spoke with namukamuken hekus. I wanted to speak my hands, I signalled it. See: Bislama to the Vietnamese but they didn't mukamukeni [reduplicated form] understand so I just signalled with hand [muke-ni] signals. Derived from: mukeni [by reduplication] [muka-muke-ni ] mukok [intr] like this. K umoni hemukok. Do it like this. [muko-ke] mukan [intr] (n) 1. [of fire] burn. 2. catch alight. A hang mukan tai . The fire has mukon [intr] (n) 1. full (so that there is no caught alight. See: kan lei; kan sisisl. In more space left). Eas out netan mukon en south: ngan [ani] heite, out tovuelimun. The ground was completely covered with chestnuts, there mukave [intr] how? Numoni hemukave? was nowhere left uncovered. 2. have no How will I do it? See: mukekave space. Vangon marfte vit vamai neim , [mukavee] mukon en vaiteh. His stomach was so large that when he wanted to come inside, there muke [tr] open; draw apart. Munak muke was no space in the door. In south: gon nunu mukok, lesi rovite vuas. When he PNCV: *kona tangled/complicated [kono] opened up the nesting place, he saw that it wasn't a pig. [keel 91 mukonek [intr] like that. Kllmoni mukur [of stomach] rumble. Vangon mul hemukonek, heromukteinek. Do it like this, mukur. His stomach is rumbling. en not like that. [muko-neke] mukur [of stomach] rumble. mOkotehei [tr] cut across. Komai memai mul [intr] 1. be; stay. Sua narel vuo nahat memakotehpoalunek. We came and we cut ke amul noutenek. It was perhaps three or across the gully. Derived from: mu-, four years that they stayed there. 2. be in kotehei [muu-kotehe] one's possession. Terak onakmul. I have a car. Synonym: rO [Ie] mol eni 1. be up to mukoul [intr] skinny; thin. Keik komukou him/her. Mulenukos! Its entirely up to you! viireis. You are very skinny. Synonym: 2. get hit by. Ai mul eni. He got hit by a sikut [kou] tree. mukou2 [intr] 1. [of vegetation] dry. 2. dry mill l [intr] 1. [of skin] peel. Tovulfnek up. A silatsak ras veni meiad. houlu, longe matavismotu, ka hilfven voul. The old tfsa en eai, ka asilat mat ka mukou. The woman was really old, and her skin was wonn got into trouble because of the hot almost peeling off. 2. shed skin. Tousal mal dust and felt ill from the sun, and he died tai. The sea-snake has shed its skin. PNCV: and dried up. [kou] *olu moult [ulu] muku[i ntr] (n) hootto announce arrival of mill2 [intr] [of ground] quake. A tan mul ship. Synonym: makol . See: kOku mal ka keil amu£iemi av it alumul mul. The [reduplicated fonn]. In south: gu [kuu] ground was quaking and they thought it was an earthquake. [ulu] muku kati [tr] (n) hoot to announce arrival of (ship). Synonym: makol kati. In south: mol konakon [intr] persistent [Ie kona gu kati [kuu kati] kone] mukukol [intr] (n) 1. swim habitually. 2. mol kor [intr] 1. be last. 2. be closest. Nil wash habitually. Silas ro mukukultei. Silas kor eau. I will be the closest into the beach. never washes. Derived from:mukol. In [Ie koro] south: gukul [ku-kulu] mol kot [intr] lie across. Lingi val kot. Put mukul [intr] (n) 1. swim (in one place, it across. Synonym: rO kot [Ie koto] without going anywhere). 2. bathe; have a wash; have a shower; have a bath. In south: mol laklak [intr] (n) totter. Synonym: rO gol. See: mukukul [reduplicated fonn } laklak. In south: mul lakilak [Ie laki-laki] PNCV: *karu [kulu] mol mal [intr] 1. stand up. 2. upright. mukuli [tr] cut stem of sago leaf. Variant A vosein aikeil mul malen atan. They stuck of: mukoliti [kuli] the posts upright in the ground. [Ie malu] mukoliti [tr] cut stem of sago leaf. mill mOtaini [tr] wipe clean. Tresa ta Navong ke avit avatfkOhoi, auva neahon tenout Lovu mal motain rak en Mk . A amukulit ikul. When hohoi is to be made, dresser from Malakula wiped away the they go to the bush to cut the stem of a sago blood to clean my hand. See: milli [uli leaf. Variant of: mukoli [kuliti] mootaini] mukur[intr] (n) 1. boil. Vesesal oaivak ur. mol raw [intr] scarce. En ouh koanik, The water is about to boil. 2. bubble. Kei veta irovitei houlu, hel ratas . This year there son huli vfta en atas, ka atas mul mukur ma won't be many breadfruit, they will be nesa. He threw the dog into the sea and scarce. [lee raa-taai] bubbles came up. 3. [of flowing liquid] gush; surge. Oailoh mul mukur napoal.The mol ril [intr] [of food] left over for the flowing water was gushing down the next day. A nien amllmoni nanganeh mul ril. gullies. In south: gur [kuru] yangon 92

Some of the food that was made yesterday katL The tusk of the first pig had made a is still left over. [Ie rile] complete tum. 2. lead. Derived from: mulamun [lamune-ni] mul ruai [intr] stay together. Vativeta keilu min vatiuheuh mulamun lumul maL The mulan [intr] (n) daybreak. Out volanik. breadfruitand the whitewood used to stay Day is about to break. Synonym: muluv. together before. [Ie ruai] In south: Ian. See: mulelan [reduplicated form] [lani] mul rum [intr] stay for a long time. Mulesuk ke mul rilrungasuk. This time he miilasil [tr] 1. whip. Moulasi! I'm going stayed for a long time. [le ruutuue] to whip him! 2. brush out ashes fromearth oven before putting food inside (by beating mul usili [tr] 1. sit around (something); be with branches and leaves) [ulasi] around (something). Komai memul usil oven memul merlin veret. We were sitting mOlasi2 [reft] plop down onto ground. around the oven baking bread. 2. stay Naruva, 22 vit 'pa' , miiv mfta va malasi. I nearby; stay with. Synonym: rO usili [Ie took a shot, the 22 went 'bang', and the lusili] lizard plopped down. [ulasi] mul vasi [tr] located between. Out Senarei mulat [intr] sting [lati] mul vas Tavie ka Luli. Senarei is between Tavie and Luli. [le vaasi] mule [intr] l. wake up. 2. stay awake; be awake. lnau namules namule ka nalesi ke miileini [tr] destroy; dismantle; take apart. out ke namatilien muoh lelanis. I stayed A ngu mulein eim keil. The cyclone awake and I saw that the place where I slept destroyed the houses. Derived from: mO-, was as bright as day. 3. open eyes. M unak leini [muu-Ieini] viteni vit avahfs, keil amules amule, amul a/asil kati mul v fs . When he said that they mulamu [t] before; a long time ago. should pray, they just kept their eyes open Mulamusemau nout malikelik meatin tovuol and stared at him praying. 4. keep watch. Ulveah. Before, in the time of custom, there M eatin keil amule ven eiwnkeil niima/. The was nobody on Lopevi. Variant of: men kept watch over the boys in the mulamlUl [mulamuu] meeting house. PNCV: *Iele?o [lee] mulamu kati [t] in earliest times. A kilea mulelan [intr] (n) daybreak. Derived from: ke avfs, akileaant, ara suk arae ngon mulan [by reduplication]. In south: lelan selusien keilenek, ka mulamukati keil [le-Iani] areingeingen tounah keilenek. They know muleloni [tr] sing lullaby to. Variant of: how to pray and how to read and they muloloni [leloni] listened to the message, but in earliest times they didn't know those things. [mulamuu mulil [intr] (n) 1. pass; go past. Synonym: katie] loh Ii. 2. [of shot] miss. Kei ruva vuasinek, muli. He shot at the pig and mulamlUll [t] before; a long time ago. Ek missed. In south: Ii PNCV: *liu [Iii] vati mahitusil mulamunmemum onen metiilo tii Lovu. I would like to talk about muli2 [intr] obs. jump. lr kosa rovit 'evu!' , before when we used to work for a ka selasien telamu, tevir keil aviteni avit European on Malakula. Variant of: 'mulf . Today we say evut for 'jump', but mulamu [mulamune] our ancestors used to say muli. [mulii] mulamlUl2 [intr] precede; go first. Keik miilil [tr] wipe. See: miiliil [reduplicated kilamun kfha. You go first. [lamune] form] PNCV: *uli [uli] mulamlUleni [tr] 1. precede; go before. Vuas koan keke mulamuneni, lohon rili 93 milli2 [tr] 1. skin (an animal). 2. skin (bark millung [intr] sleep with head resting on off tree) PNCV: *kuli [uti] something. See: oulung; ulungen; ulungoite; millung kati [ulunge] milliti [tr] crunch food in mouth [uliti] millung kati [tr] sleep with head resting muloh [intr] (n) 1. run. 2. [of story or on. NamUlung kat pflo. I slept with my head rumour] spread. Longlongien oralu naloh. on a pillow. Synonym: millungeni What if news about the two of us spreads? [ulunge kati] See: lohloh [reduplicated form]; eiloh; eilohloh. In south: loh PNCV: *rovo millungeni [tr] sleep with head resting on. [loho] Namulungen hekus. Ijust slept with my head on my hands. Synonym: millung muloloni [tr] sing lullaby to. Variant of: kati. Derived from: millung [ulunge-ni] muleloni [loloni] muluv [intr] (n) daybreak. Out mul muluv . mulong [intr] (n) sleepy. Metak mulong Day is breaking. Synonym: mulan. In houlu, nara namatil. I was sleepy so I slept. south: luv [luvo] In south: long [Ion go] mum [intr] work. K ei mum keih. He works mulO [intr] vomit. A vong koan namun hard. PNCV: *?umwa [umo] malou namul namuLU.Sometimes when I drink kava I vomit. See: luon PNCV: *Iua mUm kekerati [tr] make quickly [umo [luue] kekerati] mulO hon [intr] dry retch. Synonym: mum mOtaini [tr] 1. clean. Keikos komul kokohutu [luue hono] komum matain eim mom? Do you clean your house yourself? 2. clear bush. mulO Hiti [tr] vomit up, bring up (food). Memum matain out keil ten aman.We M eatin matu tii telamun, navong ke avatuva cleared the bush for the airfield. [umo keil en hisuput, kei mulu lat tin viien ateli. mootaini] One of our ancestors, when they went to battle, he would vomit his intestines into a mOm revi [tr] repair; fix; reconstruct. basket. [luue laati] Metmaika metmllm re vi ala ten vakili. We came and repaired the sail of the canoe. millu [intr] 1. [of plant] grow. Mulamun Synonym: mum vilai [umo revii] vativeta keilu min vatiuhouh lumul ruai, lumul lumulu luvina nesa. Before, the mUm mai [intr] cooperate. Lura lumum breadfruit and the whitewood used to be ruaivii va vakili vus. The two of them together and they were growing upwards. cooperated until the canoe was finished. 2. overgrown. Ah sak mulu vareis. My Synonym: mum visa; mum vituai; garden is really overgrown. [ulue] mum tas [umo ruai] muluaini [tr] stick out one's belly. Kei mUm maini [tr] cooperate on; make muluain vangon.He stuck out his belly. together. Keilu lumum ruain vakili onealu. Variant of: muduaini [luaini] The two of them made their canoe together. Synonym: mum visani; mUm vituaini muluhaini [tr] ripen fruitoff tree. Seth vii [umo ruai-ni] lah monmiigo emai, muluhainimul en ateli. Seth went and brought some mangoes and mum sali [tr] invent. Ialu lomllm sal put them into a basket to ripen. [luhaini] tounah tiiris Uk . We have just invented something new here. [umo saali] millill [intr] dry oneself with towel. Keik kalal en tauel onak. Dry yourself with my mOm tas [intr] cooperate. Synonym: mUm towel. Derived from: milli [by ruai; mOm visa; mOm vituai. Derived reduplication] [ulu-ulu] from: tai [umo taa-se] 94 mum tetohoni [tr] imitate; copy. Sai mum part in politics mumon terapol get into tetohoni min M orasi. Sai imitated Morasi. trouble mumon tisaen commit sin. [umo tetohoni] mmnuni [tr] drink habitually. Derived mum tetovoai [intr] 1. compete; work one from: muni [by reduplication] [mu-muni] against the other. 2. oppose. Mulamun, mealinttii keilu min volia lumi1m tetovoai. mun [intr] 1. [of teeth] furry (as from Before a man and the spider opposed each eating unripe banana). 2. [ of testicles] other. [umo tetovoai] retract inside bodyfrom cold. 3. [of penis] shrink from cold. A sen mun. His penis miim usiIi [tr] work according to. shrank from the cold. [mune] M eteisau keil amulamum usili viivii va vi vakili. The skilled men worked according to moo [intr] deny; make denial. A vis asu, it until it became a canoe. [umo usili] asu mul mun. They asked the rat, but the rat just denied it. [unu] miim vilai [tr] repair; fix; reconstruct. Synonym: mum revi [umo reviie] mUD mauni [tr] drink (something) by oneself. See: muni [muni mau-ni] miim vim [refl] overwork on self; overdo things. Konoumvinikonga! Be careful you mun ravobongoni [tr] (n) drink oneself don't overdo it! [umo vini] silly with. Kei mun ravobongon pastis. He drank himself silly with Pemod. Synonym: miim visa [intr] cooperate. Synonym: mun sauni . See: muni. In south: mun mum ruai, mum vituai [umo visaa] ramobongoni [muni ravobongo-ni] miim visani [tr] cooperate on; make mUD sauni [tr] drink onself silly with. together. Ialu minuk lehoum visiin vakili Synonym: mUD ravobongoni. See: muni kekek. Let's both of us make this canoe [muni saauni] together. Synonym: mum vituaini, miim ruaini [umo visaa-ni] mUD vini [refl] 1. drown. Unu keil are ingeingen uen, ka navong vita en alas, mum vituai [intr] cooperate. Synonym: mun vinivarei. The unu don't know how to mum ruai, mum visa [umo vituai] swim, and when he went into the sea he drowned. 2. drink too much. See: muni mum vituaini [tr] cooperate on; make [muni vinii] together. Synonym: mum visani, miim ruaini [umo vituai-ni] munahang [intr] be cooking on the fire. A sa munahang?What's cooking? M iima, miimvuti [refl] work unwillingly [umo taro vonahang?Mum, is the taro supposed vuuti] to go onto the fire? See: ahang [nahango] miimoni [tr] 1. make. Isei mumon kato? munai [n] 1. grass. 2. beef (in context of Who made the cake? 2. do. Komumoni food distribution speeches at celebration). mukonek ro maltei. You did it incorrectly. Synonym: oumunai PNCV: *mwanai 3. repair. Derived from: mum [umo-ni] [munai] mumon siviro put on mask mumon kastomdo something according to munak [t] 1. when; while (future). 2. if. tradition mumon mae cast a spell mumon Synonym: navong [munake] turis go on a tourist trip miimon ren carry out instructions mumon vokovi muni [tr] 1. drink . Navit mamudei oai muck around miimon veren go together tamadil. I would like to drinksome cold (as boyfriend and girlfriend). Lumi1mon water. 2. eat juicy food (e.g. mango, veren onealu. They were going together. watermelon, orange, ice-cream, chewing mumon vatin 1. have one's own way. 2. gum). 3. be a drinker. Keik komules veah sow one's wild oats mumon politiktake komuni? Do you still drink? 4. practise 95 fellatio. See: mumuni; munmun miinoun [intr] (n) crazy. Keik komunoun [reduplicated forms] PNCV: *minu [uni] vuo asa?Are you crazy or what? In south: miinaun. See: unoun [unoune] vatin muni- [v] set fire to. See: muniti [munii] miinoun be crazy. muni rue [tr] burn down (tree) [munii rue] muno [intr] 1. dive in search of fish. 2. [of sun] set. Keik kolesi en medflah, navong mum [refl] sit on top of one's folded legs. keke meteai vahftavanu. You can see it in Konanfkotei en hem . Don't sit on your legs. the afternoon, when the sun is about to set. [00] See: munino [reduplicated form] PNCV: *nunu [nuue] meteai vesesali vano be munin [intr] burnoff (in garden). Keik in one's twilight years. Ulmatu meteai kfha niihkito kinin seralu, inaumatos vesesali vanu. The old man is in his twilight molau. You go to the garden and do our years. burning off and I will just go hunting. 2. [of volcano] smoke [ninu] mllllo kuskus [intr] (n) dive down so that one can no longer be seen. K omul nesa munino [intr] habitually dive in search of komunu kuskus, kovfta en atas. When you fish.lnau naromuninutei. I never go diving. dive down, you go into the water and you Derived from: muno [by reduplication] can no longer be seen. In south: rnuno [ni-nuue] kusukus [nuue kusu-kusu] muniti [tr] 1. set fire to. A munit tii keil en muno lekati [tr] dive in search of iih. They set fire to the wood in the garden. (something) [nuue lee-kati] 2. light (lamp or cigarette). Kinit ltim . Light the lamp. [niti] munumun [n] (s) scoop for bailing out water in canoe. In north: munmun [munu munmun1 [intr] (n) 1. drink; have a drink. munu] Maroro katinau houlu vareis, ek vati navit mamunmun viirei. I am very thirsty, I mllllg [desc] uncircumcised [munge] would really like to have a drink. 2. drink alcoholic drink. In south: munumun. mungal lati [tr] rip open. See: mungali Derived from: muni [by reduplication] [ngali laati] [munu-munu] mungal vasi [tr] rip in two (of something munmun2 [n] (n) bailer; scoop for bailing that is very hard). See: mungali [ngali out water in canoe. In south: munumllll vaasi] [munu-munu] mungali [tr] rip apart. Samsen mungal muno [intr] not reach in length or height. veiisen laian. Samson ripped apart the lion's Kilekati, eikoi nano. Be careful or the pole jaw. [ngali] will be too short. M eatinek nav ina v is keke namunos, meatinek taveah. I stood up to the mungas kokoa [tr] soften by chewing. man but I was shorter than him, he was tall. Synonym: mungas loklokoa. See: [noo] mungasi [ngasi kookoa] munoh [intr] wave something containing mllllgas loklokoa [tr] (n) soften by evil spirits at someone as a threat. See: chewing. Synonym: mungas kokoa. See: nohnoh [reduplicated form] [noho] mungasi. In south: mungas lokolokoa[ngasi lokolokoa] munohoni [tr] weave (something containing evil spirits) at someone as a mungasi [tr] chew. Inau naromungastei threat. K ur kat tounahenek ka munohoni. sigom . I don't chew gum. See: He grabbedat that thing containing the evil mungasgnas [reduplicated form] [ngasi]. spirit and waved it at them. Derived from: mungas menmumble. munoh [noho-ni] 96 mungasngas [intr] (n) chew. Derived muouni [tr] 1. hoot at (arrival of ship). 2. from: mungasi [by reduplication]. In hoot at (bird) to indicate that one has shot it. south: mungasingas [ngasi-ngasi] Kei muoun aman keil keke ruvatai . He made a hooting noiseabout the birds that he mungingi [intr] 1. [of volcano] rumble. had shot. Derived from: muou [uou-ni] Kosa vanei mul mungfngi ka visuvongiris hengfngi. Today the volcanois rumbling mw [intr] 1. hang; be suspended. Keik and tomorrow it will rumble again. 2. [of kfmai kilr en iii koan keke inau namul engine in distance] throb. Naraengon sfv ta namue eni. You come and hang onto the mul mungfngi. I can hear a ship's engine piece of wood that I am swimming with. 2. throbbing in the distance. [ngii-ngii] [of banana] point downwards (before it is ready to be cut). V oteahis milrtai. The mungol leini [tr] skin (something); bottom of the bunch of bananas is already remove (outer skin). See: mungoli [ngoli pointing downwards. See: mOriir leini] mungol lein ahan let someone [reduplicated form] [uru] really have it; really give it to somebody. M angol lein ahamok! I'm really going to let murah [intr] (n) blow one's nose. See: pis you have it! rah; rabin; rahrah. In south: rah [rahi] mungoli [tr] remove (outer skin) [ngoli] murang [intr] (n) wail; cry (out of sorrow). /nau namul viirei nari1n keih veni mungongomi [tr] rinse mouth by swirling hesakini meatin keil irom urangtei, veni inau water round inside and spitting it out. /nau ek ro vattei avotang. Ijust kept telling the napuriisin lohok evus, nam ungongom oai. story to make it so the people wouldn't wail When I had brushed my teeth, I rinsed my because I didn't want them to cry. In south: mouth out with water. PNCV: *qomi hold dang PNCV: *tagi [tangi] in mouth [ngongomi] muredem [intr] think. Variantof: redem. muoh [intr] 1. white. 2. bright; shining. Derived from: mudemi [by reduplication] Vaneiro vilhilfteisuk en meneaiveni out [re-demi] muoh. The volcano doesn'tglow in the daytimebecause it is too bright. 3. [of hair] muredemi [tr] think about. Variant of: grey. 4. [of unwashed skin] dusty. 5. [of redemi. Derived from: mudemi [by sea] calm [oho] reduplication] [re-demi] muoh lelan [intr] broad daylight. Out ke murek [intr] (n) talk; speak. Komal namatilien muoh lelanis. The place where I melromurektei. The two of us were silent. slept was broad daylight. [oho le-lani] Synonym: selOS. In south: dek [teke] muoh visi [refl] whitish; half-white [oho mOrindOni [tr] knock underwater. A vuken viisi] sakmi lridilnau navftaen atas. The tail of the shark knocked me under the water. Derived muol [intr] (s) swim. In north: mue [ole] from: mO-, ridOni [muu-riduu-ni] muolal [intr] float; drift. Synonym: muris [intr] (n) return. Asak ras avaris raheah; sesai [olaale] avahiiveni eang mul keih. They couldn't go back because the wind was too strong. In muolol [intr] 1. flow out. 2. spill. 3. melt. south: dis; ris PNCV: *risu move, shift Synonym: kur lei [010-010] [risi] muou [intr] 1. hoot (indicating arrival of ship). 2. hoot (indicating that one has shot a bird) [uou] 97

muroh [intr] (n) 1. make loud sudden mfJsaini [tr] rain on; [of rain] catch. noise. A vong ehat, kitaengon tounah tii M arioustii mils ainau en vong ien. He got hetoh, minametautei. After four days you caught by a heavy fall of rain in the night. will hear something make a loud noise, but See: mfJs [usai-ni] you shouldn't be afraid. 2. explode. 3. [of volcano] erupt 4. [ of rifle] go off; fIre. musal [intr] walk with walking stickor A his rom urohtei. The rifle didn't go off. 5. crutches. Abel hen mavul, mul musal en iii. [of fIre] crack. 6. [of tree] crack (especially When Abel's leg was broken, he walked when about to fall when being cut down). with a pair of crutches. See: eisal [sali] In south: doh [toho] en muroh [of food] undercooked in the middle. musali [tr]eat bush vegetables by separating edible leaf from stringy stems. miuUr [intr] hang; be suspended. Kei vfta A mul amusal tohulu, sesan, asiimun akani. muriir en v iiiure talfni v fta. He came down They were eating theleafy partsof the hanging from the rope with his hands. tohulu, the vegetables and whatever else Derived from: miir [by reduplication] [uru they were eating. [sali] urn] musar [intr] creep and grow all over (as mfJs [intr] rain. Ous mul mils en vongien. vine on tree, cobwebs in house etc). V iiiu It was raining overnight. [use] musar viireis en matou. The vine has crept all over the coconut tree. Melen aluhi viteh mfJs mv [intr] [of rain] sweep across musar. When watermelons are planted and countryside. Ous mils rav . It was sweeping they sprout, they spread all over. [sare] rain. [use rave] musav 1 [intr] (n) different. Lukilea tuai musa1 [intr] (n) 1. perch; roost. A to musa koakeilu lumul tuai lumusav. They knew vomatil. The chicken roosted to go to sleep. that the two of them were already different. 2. sit on canoe. 3. travel to live on another In south: sav [savo] island. In south: sa [saa] musav2 [ind] obs. 1. much. 2. many; musa2 [intr] (n) [of stomach] fu ll. Meatin numerous. Synonym: houlu; hau; teahui san anien min ataiuJs, ro kani vo vangon [musavo] musa. The man gave food to his sow and she ate it tillshe was full. Synonym: Ima. musavoi [intr] 1. stumble. 2. stub one's In south: sa [saa] foot while walking. 3. make mistake while telling story [savoi] musah kotehei [tr] chop in half. Tovuli vouliit eau musah koteh ehononek . The old museh [intr] 1. breathe; breathe in. Munak woman picked up the knife and chopped the leirumrum rem ahat vfta, Tomat Ren kei boy in half. See: musahi [sahi kotehe] museh ka ahat soil. Whenever the whale swallowed a stone, Tomat Ren would musah voati [tr] cut open drinking breathe in and the stone would go past. coconutwith opening that is too wide. See: Synonym: vangos. 2. rest. Mekur kat musahi [sahi voati] umen en avong ten rea, meatin tovuo vaseh. When we worked during the war, nobody musahi [tr] 1. carve; cut into shape; could rest. 3. have holiday; go on leave. whittle. Amusah iiitiii vf eih. They cut a Komuseh avati ehis tai ? How many months stick into a huskingstick. 2. chop up; hack. have you been on leave? 4. have a break 3. make (of any kind of artefact that from something. Inau navit masehemau en involves carving or cutting of wood). Tiita, vatimeiii. I want to have a break from kava inau kovosahi ta hisuput onak.Father, you for a while. 5. [of wind] let up. Munak ke should make me a bow. 4. apply karate eang museh ka meva mekil avul one. When chop to. See: musesah [reduplicated form] the wind let up, we went and dug a hole for PNCV: *sahi tearoff [sahi] them. See: sehaseh [reduplicated form] PNCV: *sova breathe with difficulty [sehe] 98

museh leini [tr] catch one's breath back. musl2 [tr] 1. retract foreskin of (penis) [sii] Namftavo namuseh leini varei niimal, musl on retract the forskin of the penis. 2. namulesuk nasehaseh. I came down and masturbate. 3. act like a fool. Keik komul caught my breath back at the meeting house komusf om. You are acting like a fool. and I was really puffing. [sehe leini] mftii [tr] smell. Titamol ta ro neim mon ka museh vim [refl] puff; pant. Namuseh mul mas okohis keke amul amamoni. The vinfnau varei. I was really puffing. lise/s et was in his house and he could smell Synonym: sehaseh [sehe vinii] the banana pudding that they were making. [muusi] musei [intr] (n) look; glance. Amules aselils, ulmatu rumuseitei vales keil. While musi kati [tr] masturbate [sii kati] they were talking, the old man didn't look at them. In south: saL See: seisei musi katiati [tr] masturbate vigorously [reduplicated form] [sei] [sii kati-ati]

museini [tr] scratch skin. Komal titamol musi malelet [intr] fart regularly; fart at melkumkum ke naumai kek, kiles voneite the drop of a hat [siie maleletu] kei mul museinau. I have just come from wrestling with the lise/s ej , look at the musi m6taini [tr] retract foreskin to reveal marks where he scratched me. Synonym: glans penis. Kisf motaini! Pull back your mukali [sei-ni] foreskin! [sii mootaini]

musel [intr] (n) 1. make characteristic musl pisu [intr] fart silently. Synonym: noise. 2. [of dog] bark. 3. [of bell] ring. 4. musl visau [siie pisuu] fight; row; argue. Ehon keil amul asel ven inga. The children were arguing over native musl visau [intr] fart silently. Synonym: almonds. Synonym: sik. In south: se!. See: musl pisu [siie visau] sese I [reduplicated form]; eisesel [selu] en muse I [of stomach] rumble. musih [intr] (s) have diarrhoea. In north: musoh [siho] muser [intr] wear grass skirt [sere] musihoti 1 [tr] (s) defecate on with runny musesah [intr] 1. carve. 2. chop. Derived faeces. In north: musohoti [siho-ti] from: musahi [by reduplication] [se-sahi] musi hoti2 [refl] (s) accidentally defecate musesar [intr] (n) [of spider] spin web. oneself with runny faeces. In north; Volia mul musesar teim . Spiders spin webs musohoti [sihoti] at home. In south: sesar [sesar] musi l1 [intr] (n) 1. get a fright. Inau musesen [intr] burn skin (when volcanic namusil varei en maristikinek, nakuseha. I ash from air mixes on skin with sweat) got such a fright from the big shark that I [sesene] spat fromthe back of my throat to ward it off. 2. surprised. Inau namusilmu kok, muse sou [intr] (n) sing habitually. visokon varei. I was surprised that it was A musesou lfses evis aromusoutei votahos. morning. 3. jerk. Synonym: muti manin. They are always singing but they still can't In south: si!. See; sileni [sile] sing well. Derived from: musou [by reduplication]. In south: musesau Ese-sou] musi l2 [intr] (n) 1. shine torch. Kisil vfsi, out malikelik varei. Could you shine the musi1 [intr] fart. M eatin keil akurmatou torch here please, it's very dark.2. put avit avani, amils vfte ka volia kei musf neim . headlights on in car. See: eisil. In south: The people picked up the coconut to eat it sil PNCV: *sulu burn [silu] and when they smelt it, the spider farted inside. PNCV: *sii [siie] 99 mfJsil kati [tr] follow right behind. K ei sore, or when orange peel touches sore milsil kati lava noutenek. He followed right lips). See: eai sisil [sisilu] behind him and they both went to that place. See: mfJsili [usili kati] musisil2 [intr]swear; use bad language. Synonym: vuthut [sisilu] musileini [tr] ignore. Synonym: sileini [silei-ni] musising [intr] 1. full to the brim. 2. [of dough] completely risen. See: musingini musili [tr] singe. Namusilf veta koaniken [sisingi] ousil, mas. I singed this breadfruit on the coconutleaves and it cooked. [silii] musite [link] dirty; old; worn out. musitirausis wornout shorts. Synonym: mfJsili [tr] 1. follow. 2. go along. Keilu meteite [musi-] lumul lumilsilout luvina. The two of them were going north along the island. 3. hang musiti [tr] fart at somebody. Kei vit around with. Navong keik kian sinek, hesftinau. He said he would fart at me. niromasilteimun keik. If you eat snake, I [sii-ti] won't hang around with you any more. Synonym: lab mai. 4. stand alongside. mflsmfJs [intr] kiss [muusi-muusi] Nauvut va navatinau namilsil Soule. I jumped so that I was standing alongside muso [intr] 1. slip; slide. Namuso en Soule. See: usili PNCV: *usuri [usili] tanmelmel. I slipped in the mud. Synonym: mfJsil eang go with tail wind. seso. 2. go directly to a place without stopping along the way. Kei muso varei musin1 [intr] (n) 1. dressed. 2. dress up. Tavie. He went directly to Tavie without Kei llses musin tahos. He always dresses stopping along the way. 3. [of hill] steep. up well. 3. get dressed. See: eisin. In M arivatihouonek muso mUa varei en poal. south: sin PNCV: *suni wear on head The big hill was steep right down to the [sinu] gully. [reduplicated form] [soo] musin2 [intr] [of rain] stop. Ous musin. musoh [intr] (n) have diarrhoea. In south: The rain has stopped. PNCV: *sina musih PNCV: *siro [soho] sunshine [sine] musoh piti [tr] defecate on with runny musinuni [tr] (n) put on; wear (shirt or faeces. K omusoh pit hem . Your diarrhoea hat). K isinun eisin male Put my shirt on. is running down your leg. Synonym: Kei mul musinun marihat tii. He is wearing musohoti [soho piti] a big hat. In south: sinuni. Derived from: musin [sinu-ni] musohoti 1 [tr] (n) defecate on with runny faeces. Hanu tiii nanganeh musohot tirausis musingini [tr] 1. cram; stuff in. Kei lah onen. Somebody shat his shorts yesterday. ousil, av va en valengeihat, musingfni va Isei musohot kolosis onom ? Who did neim va keih. He brought some coconut diarrhoea all over your toilet? Synonym: frondsand flrewood to the cave and stuffed musoh pi ti. In south: musihoti [soho-ti] it inside until it was tight. 2. crowd into. A tau keil aum usingfn eimonek vis havivi. musohoti2 [refl] (n) accidentally defecate The women crowded into the house until oneself with runny faeces. K ei metau varei there was no space left. 3. fertilise one ka memeasi, musohoti. He was so flower with another flower. See: musising frightened that he wet himself and he shat [singii-ni] himself. In south: musihoti [soho-ti] musisil1 [intr] 1. [of fire] burn strongly; musou [intr] (n) 1. sing. 2. sing blessing blaze. A hang musisilus veah. The fire is over food before eating. A romusoutei veah still blazing. 2. [of sun] shine strongly. 3. ka keik kokonian tail Grace hasn't been burnthe skin; sting (when medicine touches sung and you're already eating! 3. [of radio or cassette] play. Ratio mul musou mukok, 100 hepurilnpate rik. If your radio plays like mutahi! [tr] pour out. Navong ouh emas, that, it'll waste the batteries. In south: amutah oai va. When the yam was cooked, musau. See: musesou [reduplicated form] they poured the water away. [tahi] mutah PNCV: *sawa [sou] oai urinate. musou koe [tr] (n) 1. sing over someone mutahi2 [refl] overeat. Meatin keil akan to prevent something. Tematmu soe koe inga ka amutah keil houlu. The people ate meatin hos ke vfven suval temat keil. The the native almonds until they had really devil sang over the man so that he would overeaten. [tahi] smell like them. 2. sing blessing over food. A musou koe anien taL They have already mutahtini [tr] gut (e.g. fish, pig). sung the blessing over the food. In south: A mutahtin aikeil ka avolahi vahiiaval avani musau kole [sou koe] teim . They gutted the fish and they were going to carry them home to eat. See: musoukor [intr] (n) sing the final hymn rnhtah; tin [tahe-tini] in church. Amul amusou kor Uk, herovitei tueitin isital ran sukul. They are singing the mutai [intr] (n) warm oneself; get warm. In last hymn so it won't be long before they south: mutal [tai] come out of church. In south: musau kor [sou koro] mutai [intr] (n) fall back in recoil from blow or shot. A vu onak kulat ahis ruva, musouni [tr] (n) sing. Unu keil amulvii rei mutai vfta en ahang. My grandfather picked amusoun isen veta hoies. The unu were up his rifle and shot her, and she recoiled singing the name veta hoies. In south: back into the fire.Ni tfk kitai eni. If I punch musauni . Derived from: musou [sou-ni] you, you will fall back. In south: muW [taai] musu[intr ] [of pig] dig up ground with snout; root around. V uas musu ekok? Has mutakati [tr] 1. press. 2. be right behind. the pig been rooting around here? See: 3. put weight on something to prevent it suen PNCV: *sua [suue] fromblowing away. 4. put marker on grave. 5. put marker on breadfruitpit to musuh [intr] 1. [of fruit] very ripe and show where it is. Amutaluh koeris, sweet. 2. lookdelicious with coconut milk amutakati en ahat. They would cover it over all over food [suhu] again and they would mark it with rocks. Variant of: rakati [taakati] miisiis [intr] follow too much [usu-usu] mutiikurfJr[int r] (n) swing. Synonym: miisiis kat [intr] hang around with rakuk. Variant of: rakuriir. In south: someone toomuch; cling. Ehonekek musus dakuriir [ taakuru uru] kat viireis. That child is always hanging around too much. [usu-usu kati] mutal [intr] (s) warm oneself. In north; mutai [tale] mut [intr] 1. snort; grunt. 2. [of bird] hoot. See: mutiit [reduplicated form] [utu] muW [intr] (s) fall back in recoil from blow or shot. In north: mutai [taalo] mutah [intr] 1. [of door] open. Metare h mutah, keilu lava hae. The door was open mutaluh [intr] 1. covered. 2. cover oneself and the two of them went outside. 2. [of with a blanket to sleep. 3. cover ridge cap of building] open. Sitoa mutah tai vuo kotehes roof. A lahinesa amutaluh hoim eni vf taluh. veah?Is the store open or is it still closed? They took it above and put it on the roof as [taho] the ridge capping. See: eitaluh; taluh [taluhi] 101

mutaluh koe [tr] (n) cover over. Ronlf mutemi [tr] 1. punch; hit with rounded oueas koan avitavotaiuh koe vahfmeten. object. Synonym: muti. 2. have sexual We would stitch together the chestnut intercourse with. Synonym: muasi; ruva; leaves to cover over the top of the pit. In veouni; rali kati [temi] south: mutaluh kole [taluhi koe] muteni [tr] open hand. Namuten hek. I mutau[intr] 1. defecate. 2. [of volcano] opened my hand. Derived from: mute rain down ash. Vaneimu l mutau.The [tee-nil volcano is raining down ash. PNCV: *tatav- [tau] muterengaini [tr] flick with fInger (to test inside, often of watermelon) [terengai-ni] mutautil [tr] defecate on. A to mutaut voten. The chicken has defecated and the mutetalo [intr] colourless. Navong excrement has stuck to its tail. Derived holholfveta kul meakoien oai,ka aven from: mutau [tau-til mutatelos, rosuvaitei koankeke vasir mukul eni mulam un. When the flycatcherdyed mutauti2 [refl] shit oneself. himself in the water, his body was Konatautukonga! Be careful in case you colourless, not like when the honeyeater shit yourself! Derived from: mutau had dyed himself beforehand. [tateloo] [tau-til muteto [intr] 1. clean. 2. bald. 3. slippery. mutaveah [intr] (n) apply colour. In south: 4. smoothe. Derived from: muto [by mutavelah [taveahi] reduplication] [te-too] mutavolas leini [tr] sweep coals away mutev [intr] swell up; swollen PNCV: from underfoot near fIre.K itavolas lein *tobu [tevi] ahang vaha. Sweep the coals away. See: mutavolasi [tavolasi leini] muti [tr] 1. punch; hit with rounded object. Isei mutfk? Who punched you? Synonym: mutavolasi [tr] sweep coals away from mutemi. 2. fight. 3. hammer. Mealin tii underfoot near fIre. Synonym: mutavolas mul mutf heilak en asem . Someone was leini [tavolasi] hammering the pegs into the outrigger. 4. bash; smash. A lah inga auva aiouamul mute [intr] open hand. Namute. I opened amutf. They gathered up the nativealmonds my hand. [ tee] and took them down to the beach to smash them open. 5. beat drum. 6. knead bread. mutea [intr] (n) 1. extend arm. 2. straighten See: mutiti [reduplicated form] PNCV: back. In south: mutela [teaa] *tuku [tii] muti on 1. masturbate. 2. do something in a ridiculous way; jerk around muteani [tr] (n) 1. extend arm. Namuteiin at. Keik komul komutf om en umen onom. hek. I extended my arm. 2. straighten back. You are jerking round at your job. muti In south: mutelani . Derived from: mutea mak apply tattoo. [teaa-ni] muti koe [tr] (n) nail shut. Inau nfha neim muteas [intr] (n) sweep. Onom ise tovuo en voihuska keik kiti koe kisiini heM das. I mateas eni?Do you have a broom I could will go inside the coconut shell and you sweep with? 2. rake. In south: mutelas nail it shut and put it into the sea. In [teasi] south: muti kole [tii koe] muteasi [tr] (n) 1. sweep. 2. rake. In muti kokoa [refl] [offru it] bruised. south: mutelasi [teasi] Synonym: muti loklokoa [tii kookoa]

muteini [tr] line up. Asuv mutein keil muti Iaklakini [tr] (n) hit something so evus, vu/f keil. The boss lined them up and that it is unstable. In south: muti then counted them. [tei-ni] lakilakini [tii laki-laki-ni] 102 muti lili [refl] [of fruit] bruised and rotten mutis2 [intr] cheat at marblesby moving inside [tii litii] forward of mark while firing [tisi] muti loklokoa [refl] (n) [of fruit] bruised. mutis kati [tr] write down; record. Inau Synonym: muti kokoa. In south: muti matis katkflo ten matou. I will record the lokolokoa [tii loko-Iokoa] weight of the copra. Synonym: mutis Hiti; makini [tisi kati] muti lumlum [intr] (n) [of something woven] laddered. In south: muti mutis ki rldriti [tr] scribble on [tisi kiri lumulum [tii lumu-Iumu] kiriti] muti manin[inr] 1. get a fright. 2. mutis Hiti [tr] 1. write down; record. surprised. 3. jerk. Synonym: musil [tii Synonym: mutis kati ; makini. 2. copy manine] out; transcribe. Keik kitis lati runien koanik. You copy out this story. [tisi laati] muti vasi [tr] break apart. Va kur ahat muti viisani eni. He went and got a rock mutis vilesi [tr] write back to front [tisi and broke the coconut apart with it. vilesi] Synonym: muvasi [tii vaasi] mutisi [tr] write. Inau namul namutis veva muti vuli [tr] break (with a blow). onen tata onak. I am writing a letter to my Synonym: muvuli [tii vuli] father. PNCV: *tusi [tisi] mutil1 [intr] drip. Heitil mutil. The mutit [intr] fight(with fists). Ehon keil raindrops dripped down. See: mutitil amulamu tit en vongien. The boys were [reduplicated form] PNCV: *turu [tilu] fighting in the night. 2. box. Itit kosa en eks-FOL . There will be boxing tonight at mutil2 [intr] stand up looking for the ex-POL. See: mutitit [reduplicated something in sea [tile] form] [titu] mutilel [intr] [of flower, leaf] open when mulili [tr] knock on door. Amul amatil ka mature [tilelu] meatin ta maimut fn metare h. They were asleep and somebody came and knocked on mutilihil [intr] shake water from hair or the door. Derived from: muli [by feathers. Vasir vfta mukul en kulmeakoien reduplication] [tii-tii] onen halhalfveta ka mutilihil. The honeyeater went and washed himself in the muntil [intr] drip down all over the place. flycatcher's dye and shook his fe athers. Derived from: mutil [by reduplication] Variant of: ritilihil [tilihilu] [ti-tilu] muti lumin [intr] hot; warm. Synonym: munnt [intr] habitually fight. Derived mutin[tilumiini] from: mutit [by reduplication] [ti-titu] mun tiv [intr] spit all over the place. mutin [intr] hot; warm. Synonym: Derived from: mutiv [by reduplication] mutilumin PNCV: *tunu [tinu] [ti-tive] mulini [refl] [of bird or flying fo x] alight; mutiv [intr] spit. A sfsflih mukok, amutiv settle. N ales amanta mai va vatfni en vat va en 001. After they had picked their teeth, onak. I saw a bird come until it was about they spat into the water. See: tiven; to settle on my boat. Synonym: rekou mutitiv PNCV: *tiva [tive] [tiini] muto 1 [intr] 1. clean. 2. bald. Vatin muto. mutis1 [intr] 1. write. Kei mul mutis lfses. He is bald. See: muteto [reduplicated He is always writing. 2. make mark. 3. form] [too] make handstring figure. See: eitis [tisi] 103

muto2 [intr] [of bananas] not quite ripe and was hitting the flying fox, but he didn't [too] kill it. Derived from: mfI-; vim [muu-vinii]

muto3 [intr] [of sap] get onto. Kokov mfIvuli [tr] break with a blow. Synonym: mago nato naha en metom , metom hetfsa. muti vuIi. Derived from: mfI-, vuli When you throw something up at the [muu-vuh] mangoes, the sap can get into your eyes which would hurt your eyes. [too]

muto las [intr] spotlessly clean [too lasi] - N -

mutoati [tr] [of sap] get onto. Toaveta natoatme tom . Watch out in case the na [n] central ring in game of marbles [na] breadfruit sap gets into your eyes. See: muto [toati] naOO[ind] nineteen (in lisefs ef language). Synonym: tai dan ouhat [nabuu] mutoh [intr] wear belt [toho] nab [loc] to/in the garden. Kei va niih sen. mutohoni [tr] wear as belt. Kei mutohon He went to his garden. Kei ro luh anien sen ulisok. He wore a sok banana leaf as a belt. niih. He was planting food in his garden. Derived from: mutoh [toho-ni] See: ah [n-aahe]

mfItuni [tr] summon birds by blowing nahe [mod] (s) perhaps. Synonym: through pursed tongue. A mutun aman ked. nahera; vahera; vahesa. In north: nahi They summoned the birds. Derived from: [nahee] mut [utu-ni] nahera [mod] perhaps. N aheratelm a tai , mfItfJ.t [intr] hum. Derived from : mfIt [by vuol telromatei veah. Perhaps they have reduplication] [utu-utu] come, or maybe they haven't come yet. Synonym: nahi; vahera; vahesa lnaheraa] mfItfJ.t kati [tr] run after. Kei mudemi vir M erikakeil ke amilt kat S apanitiii. He nahi [mod] (n) perhaps. N ihfta nahi nilesi thought it was the Americans running after vuol nirolestei. If I go down, perhaps I'll a Japanese. [utu kati] see him or I won't. Synonym: vahera; vahesa; nahera. In south: nahe [nahee] mfItfJ.ti l [tr] refuse a request. Navong keke av fsuk eni, kututi. If they ask you for it, nai v [n] knife. Synonym: eau; tinaiv; refuse. [utu-uti] masmas. Bislama: naef [naivi] mfItfJ.ti2 [tr] 1. raise child. Mikur natukahin nama) [loc] to/in the meeting house. Asuv mimututi, hetos hevis hem at. You have muas ave nama!. The chief beat the drum in taken my daughter and raised her, and it the meeting house. See: amaI [n-aamali] won't be long before she dies. 2. rear va namal euph. be circumcised. Ir romul animal. Keik komutut vuas. You raise pigs. rosiin ehon orer keil auvanama!. We send Synonym: samoneni lutuuti] our boys to be circumcised. mfIvasi [tr] break apart. Tomat Ren sesal naman [t] (n) 1. at the time. Namaninek matou vis muvasi ka ro kani. Tomat Ren akiikahonos, aro visfsteimau. At that time, husked the coconut with his teeth, broke it they were still naked as they didn't wear in two, and ate it. Synonym: muti vasi. clothes yet. 2. when; while (past tense). Derived from: mfI-, vasi [muu-vaasi] Namannavf havivi namulnamiisil ehonked meka vasf out. When I was small, I used to mfIvim [tr] kill. M eatin vfta mul muas hang around everywhere with the village manon, rom uvinftei. The man went down boys. Synonym: navong [namani] 104 namasmasuk [int] thank you. Synonym: nathis [n] (n) kind of red silkwood with hihuri. Derived from: masmasi [na-masi long fruit. Derived from : anat; ahis. In masu-ko] south: natuhis [natu-hisi] namet1 [n] kind of fishwhich is black natholela [n] (n) kind of red silkwood [nameto] with square fruit. Derived from: anat; holela. In south: nathalela [natu-holelaa] namet2 [n] kind of yam with long thin tuber [nameto] natin [suft] 1. son. Synonym: natnali. 2. daughter. Synonym: natnahin PNCV: nan [suft] 1. face. Kei va rei vatieimie ta rei *natu [natu-] niin suvalmeat in. He went and chopped down a Java cedar tree and carved its face natnahin [suft] daughter. Synonym: like a man's. Synonym: voinan. 2. natin [natu-] forehead. Synonym: heinan; heivatin; metenan. See: ana PNCV: *nako [naa-] natnali [suft] son. Natnali viteni min tara kas nan wash one's whole head (rather onen vit "Tara, inau kovosahi ta hisuput than just washing one's face in the onak". The son said to the father "Father, morning). you should make me a bow". Synonym: natin [natu-] Nan [n] north Ambrym [naane] nato [n] receding hairline. Derived from: nana [intr] into 1. eat. Mary nona. Mary, eat nan; muto [naa-too] up. 2. yummy [nanaa] natvaik [n] (n) kind of red silkwood with nana1 [n] 1. statue; carving. 2. graven round fruit. Derived from: anat; vaik. In image [naanaa] south: natuvaik [natu-vaike] nana2 [n] mother. Synonym: mama; naveien [loc] t% n the beach. Lumfta latin; itau [naanaa] naveienemau. The two of them came down to the beach first. See: veien [na-veiene] nani [n] goat. Bislama: nani (from English nanny goat) [nanii] navet [loe] t% n the shelf. A nien m ul navet. The food is on the shelf. See: avet nani [n] kind of banana [naanii] [n-avete] nanganeh [t] (n) yesterday. In south: navong [loe] (n) 1. at the time. nenganeh [nanganehe] Navonginek navi havivfsemau.At that time, I was still small. 2. when; while. 3. if. napoal [loc] in the gully. Oailoh mul Synonym: munak. See: avong [n-avongi] mukur napoal. The flowing water was gushing in the gully. See: poal [na-poalu] navotout [loc] to/at the bottom of the garden. See: votout [na-vote-i-ute] narongatitel [n] kind of bird [ narongatiiteli] navu [n] unicorn fish (Naso unicornus). Derived from: nan; vu [naa-vuu] nasise [loe] (n) to/in the bush. A vong tii mamaonak visenau vit melvahii nasfse. neahon [loc] to/in the bush. A hu keilu min One day, my mother called me to come meaumu lamun luro ut, luro lumual neahon. with her to the bush. In south: nasisel. The turtle and the incubator bird used to See: sise [na-siisee] live on land and they used to go to the bush together. Synonym: neivorohus. See: natahe [n] kind of vine [natahee] eahon [n-eahono]

neane [n] kind of lizard [nea-nee] 105 nehlai [n] 1. sawdust. Munak ahang mot nenno [n] (n) 1. fruit-fly. 2. any small en nehfai, kei kur rev fen hinimOlou. When insects that swarm together. In south: nen the fIredropped onto the sawdust, he held it [nennoo] carefully in the coeonut fIbres. Synonym: tan. 2. kindling for lighting fire. Derived nenganeh [t] (s) yesterday. In north: from: nehite; ai [nehi-i-ai] nanganeh [nenganehe] nehite [link] small piece [nehi-] nengeis [t] (n) 1. when? 2. at what time? In south: nengais PNCV: *naga1isa nehiven [suff] scales of fIsh nehfven [nengeise] mesau fish's scales. Derived from:nehite ; aven [nehi-i-ve-] nesa [loc] 1. above. 2. upper. 3. village which is inland (e.g. Vouleli nesa, Liro neiai [n] (n) bush. Variant of: eiai. In nesa, Lulev nesa) PNCV: *sake go up south: leiai. Derived from: neite; ai [nei [nesaa] ail netan [loe] 1. below; down. 2. lower. 3. neim [loe] (n) inside. Inau namulnamaJil village which is closer to the sea. 4. [in neim en amal. I was sleeping inside the Vila] town. Mahfta netan Uk . I am going to meeting house. See: eim. In south: naim town now. Variant of: dan. See: atan [n-eimo] [netano] neimatou [n] (n) coconut plantation. netin [mod] 1. just now; only just. Kei mOl Variant of: eimatou. Derived from: neite; netin aling simen. He had only just died and matou. In south: leimatou [nei-matou] they put the gravestone up. 2. that's all. Kei netinek ? Is that all? 3. just so; exactly. neimatu [n] (n) customs; traditions. VaJivange alesi uhia netin. The vangeplant Variant of: eimatu. In south: leimatu. looks just like a wild yam. [netine] Derived from: neite; matu [nei-matuu] nil [n] nail. Bislama: nil (from English nail) neite [link] (n) 1. patch of trees. 2. place [niili] with an abundance of one thing. Variant of: eite. In south: leite [nei-] nimal [n] shade. Synonym: ninout PNCV: *malu [niimalu] neivorohus [loe] to/in the bush. Trtlin keilu lava luro neivorohus lumul lulah ninin [suff] 1. spirit; soul. Ialu lotlis en onealu tounah keil tOletounien. His two ninin. We are together in spirit. 2. shadow sons went and stayed in the bush looking PNCV: *nunu [ninu-] for things to play with. Synonym: neahon [neivorohusi] niniven [suff] 1. reflection. M arong tiimu l nesa ka alesninf ven en Olas netan. There neli [mod] somewhat; rather. Eim emak was a marong tree up above and they saw mariso neli. My house is rather big. [nelii] its reflection in the sea below. 2. shadow. Derived from: ninite; aven [nini-i-ve-] nem [n] spring roll. Bislama: nem (from Vietnamese) [neme] ninout [n] (n) shade. Synonym: nimal. In south: ninaut [niinoute] neman [t] (s) at the time. In north: naman [nemani] noeis [t] (n) 1. previous time; last time. 2. day before yesterday. 3. day some time ago. nen! [suff] amongst [ne-] Noeis tiinamun malou vakoraelim . One day before, I drank five bowls of kava. In nen2 [n] (s) 1. fruit-fly. 2. any small south: noais PNCV: *anawaRisa insects that swarm together. In north: [noeise] nenno [neno] 106 noeis lati [t] (n) three days ago. In south: ngani [tr] (s) 1. eat. 2. [of sore] afflict. 3. noais Hiti [noeise laati] burn up; burn down. 4. get burntby sun. See: nganian [reduplicated form]. In nohnoh [intr] (n) wave magic at someone north: kani [ani] as a threat. Konanohnohtei. Don't wave magic. Derived from: mlUlOh. In south: nganian [intr] (s) eat. Derived from: nohonoh [noho-noho] ngani [by reduplication]. In north: kanian [ani-ani] nout[loe] (n) 1. to/in the place. 2. somewhere. Kiroviitei nout kosa? Are you ngasite [link] point (of land). Navalis going somewhere today? In south: naut. nauvavo en ngasfte koan keke avise en See: out [n-oute] A tia. I rowed as far as the point called Atia. [ngasi-] nuenu [n] kind of tree [nue-nue] ngidi [tr] (s) pinch. Variant of: nginiti. In niihon [n] bird's nest without any eggs. north: kidi [idi] Derived from: anu; hon [nuu-hono] nginiti [tr] (s) pinch. Variant of: ngidi. In nulungout [loe] (n) to/at the top of the north: kiniti [initi] garden. See: ulungout [n-ulungo-i-ute] nginit tamen [n] (s) kind of banana nUman [n] small bird's nest. Synonym: [nginiti tame-ne] titirOman. Derived from: anu; aman [nuu-manu] ngoliamai [n] (n) 1. drop-off outside reef. 2. deep part of sea. Synonym: anev; nOnu [n] 1. cloth used for carrying newly huinev; ngolngoIiamai; angol. In born baby. M aulaheah kei mfta lah nunu south: ngoliamaJ. Variant of: mon titfte ka vfta ro kasi. Maulaheah ngolngoliamai. Derived from: ngolite; brough the baby's blanket down to wash it. amai [ngoli-amai] 2. nest. nunu mon oman bird's nest. 3. place where animal gives birth. K ei les nunu ke ngoliman [n] kind of coconut with small atahasva ling ehon roen. She saw the place fruitand husk that can be eaten. Synonym: where the pig had taken the child and kept matou ngoliman [ngolimanu] it. Synonym: anu [nuu-nuu] ngolimatou [n] new coconut with soft nusit[loc] other side; across. Keik kito flesh which can be eaten and which has no nusft, inau nito nusft. You stay on one side water. Synonym: angol. Derived from: and I'll stay on the other side. Synonym: angol; matou [ngoli-matou] toveite; toveise; usite; tav; usit [n-usiite] ngolite [link] 1. edge. Synonym: seite. 2. exposed surface of tree when cutting with nut [adj] characteristic of the bush. See: ut axe. 3. deep sea outside reef. Synonym: [nuute] ngoliamai; ngolngoliamai ; ngolngol. Variant of: ngolgolite [ngoli-] niivuas [n] large bird's nest. Derived from: anu; vuas [nuu-vuasi] ngolngol [n] (n) deep sea outside reef. Nomuloh varei vo naumaien ngolngol tenout Lfman. I came as far as the deep sea outside the reef off Epi. Synonym: - NG - ngolite; ngolngolite; ngoIiamai; ngolngoIiamai . In south: ngoIingol [ngoli-ngoli] ngan [intr] (s) burn. In north: mukan [ani] 107 ngolngoliamai en] (n) 1. drop-off outside oai tatin en] tea. Derived from: mutin reef. 2. deep part of sea. In south: [oai ta-tinu] ngolingoliamal Synonyms: ngoliamai ; anev; huinev; angol. Derived from: oai ten ahil en] hair dye. Oaiten ahil vf ngolngolite; amai [ngoli-ngoli-amai] 8/-. Hairdye is 80 vatu. [oai teni ahilu] ngolngolite [link] (n) deep sea outside oailau en] water fromwell that is slightly reef. Synonym: ngoIiamai; brackish because of infIltrationfrom the ngolngoliamai; ngolngol. Variant of: sea. See: oai; a1au [oailau] ngolite. In south: ngolingolite [ngoli ngoli-itee] oailoh en] flowing water from heavy rain. Oailoh mul mukur napoal. The waters were ngongom husi en] small starfish on reef gushing down the gullies. Derived from: that stings. Derived from: mungongomi oai; muloh [oai-Ioho] [ngongomi husio] oailu1 [n] taboo water. Derived from: oai; ngudisi [tr] (s) 1. replace. 2. take back. In 10 [oai-Iuu] north: kudisi [kudisi] oailu2 en] 1. fruit which is very juicy. 2. gravy that is very watery. See: oai [oailuu] - 0 - oailu3 en] kind of yam which has a single on; top but branches out into many different oa en] sw. 1. penis. Synonym: asen. tubers at base [oailuu] 2. address term of abuse. Keik komumon am, oaf What are you doing, you prick! oh en] seagull PNCV: *?ova heron [ooho] Synonym: hopu. See: on PNCV: *wae [oaa] oha en] 1. breadfruit seed. 2. kind of breadfruit with very large seeds [oohaa] oai en] 1. water. Mamudei oai tamadil. Could I have a drink of cold water? 2. fresh oha anmaulang en] kind of breadfruit water (when contrasted with saltwater). 3. [oohaa anmaulangi] river. Synonym: oai houlu. 4. lake. 5. spring. 6. strong drink. Synonym: oai ohai en] kind of insect [ohai] takeih. 7. euph. semen. Synonym: sion *wai [oai] PNCV: ohov [int] indication that maximum effort is being put into something; heave ho! oai houlu en] (n) river. Synonym: oai. In [ohoyo] south: oai haulu [oai houlue] ohus en] kind of tree [oohuse] oai not en] 1. fresh water from well which has no trace of brackishness from the sea. oil en] cooking oil. Bislama: oel Coile] 2. gin. Synonym: ouamol [oai nuute] ok en] ship; sailing canoe. K ei soliitris ok oai runnnn en] (n) puddle; water lying onen lumuris lamairis Senarei. He put his on groundafter rain which has not run off. sailing canoe back out to sea and they sailed In south: oai rumurum [oai rumu-rumu] back to Senarei. PNCV: *waqa Cooke]

oai takeih en] (n) liquor. Synonym: oai. ok onen uit aeh en] (n) shell found Derived from: keih. In south: oai tekaih inside body of squid. In south: ok onen [oai ta-keiho] uit a10h Cooke one-ne uiite aeho]

oai tamadil en] (n) iced water. Derived ok onen val en] (s) shark which is from: madil. In south: oai temadil [oai controlled by someone to eat people and ta-madili] 108

leave remains on the beach. In north: on buluk [n] stockwhip. MeaJin koan timevai [ooke one-ne vaalo] museh, muvare ini en on buluk. Anybody who stopped for a break would be whipped okak [n] long bud fromwhich coconut with a stockwhip. Synonym: oulas [oo-ne floweremerges [okaake] buluku]

okeahis [n] (n) 1. empty skin of cooking onen [poss] his; her; its. Eau onak vuel. banana that has had the flesh scraped out. My knife is missing. [ona-J onen eni 1. in N aJnali ta kur okeahis ro veiheilaunien charge of it. lnauonak en kamt. I am in aJas. One of his sons took the banana skins charge of you all. 2. owner. and was floating them in the sea. 2. leaves around stem of banana plant. In south: onen metiilo [n] introduced; not okahis. Derived from: okeite; ahis [oke indigenous. eis onen metiilo European name ahisi] (as against a Paamese name). [one-ne metaaloo] okeateh [n] (n) leaves around stem of sugarcane plant. In south: okateh. Derived onion [n] onion. Bislama: onion [oni-oni] from: okeite; ateh [oke-atehi] ongem [n] (n) big mouth. In south: okeite [link] (n) 1. leaves growing around ungem. Derived from: ongon; m [onge stem of plant. Synonym: vahite. 2. pod. In ruu] south: okaite [oke-] onghilhiIi [nJ (n) emperor fish (Lethrinus okohis 1 [n] (n) pudding made out of spp.). Derived from : ongon; viIhiIi. In banana. Derived from: aek; ahis. In south: south: unghiIihiIi [onge-hili-hilii] lokohis [oko-hisi] onghiIhiIi koa ongon tamure [n] (n) okohis2 [desc] (n) yellow. Eai kan ouai short-mouthed emperor fish (Lethrinus keil sakini ouai keil va tai mul vi"okohis. kallopterus). In south: unghilhiIi koa The sun has burntthe leaves making them ungon vupu [onge-hili-hilii koaa ongo-ne turn yellow. Derived from: aek; ahis. In tamuree] south: talokohis [oko-hisi] onghiIhiIi koa ongon taveah [nJ (n) okomes [n] (n) plain pudding without long-mouthed emperor fish (Lethrinus meat inside. Derived from: aek; meso In miniatus) [onge-hili-hilii koaa ongo-ne south: lokomes [oko-mese] taveahi]

okoras [n] (n) pudding made with coconut ongon [suff] (n) 1. mouth. 2. opening of milk but no island cabbage on the outside. bag or bottle. 3. barrel of rifle. A his keil In south: lokoras. Derived from: aek; ongon mul en keilu, vis romurohtei. The rasi [oko-rasi] barrels of the rifles were aimed at the two of them, but they didn't fire. 4. crater of olala [int] oh boy! Manuonak vatovuel, volcano. In south: ungen. See: ango olala! Oh boy, if only I had no sores! [ongo-J Bislama: olala (from French oh Iii Iii) [olalaa] ongtisa [n] (n) loudmouth; bad-mouthed person. In south: ungetisa. Derived from: olevis [n] kind of tree [olevise] ongon; tisa [onge-tiisaa J omai [n] Chinese salted plums. Bislama: opentin [n] tin-opener. Bislama: opentin omae [omai] [open tiini] on [suff] sw. penis. Synonym: asen; ora [nJ kind of tree with leaves similar to hopu; maripu; ai. See: oa [00-] devil nettle [ooraa] 109 oreliasen [suff] (n) sw. testicles. oual [n] (n) ivy. In south: laual [oualu] Synonym: orelion; orelihopu. Derived from: orelite; asen [oreli-asen] ouali [n] (n) victory leaf (Cordyline terminalis). In south: lauali. Derived from: orelihat [n] unfertilised egg that has gone oute [ou-alii] rotten in the nest. Derived from: orelite; ahat [oreli-i-hatu] ouamol [n] (n) 1. orange leaf. 2. hot drink made with orange leaves and sugar when orelihopu [n] sl. testicles. Synonym: tea is not available. 3. gin. Synonym: oai oreliasen; orelion. Derived from: nut. In south: lauamol. Derived from: orelite; hopu [oreli-hopuu] oute; arnol [ou-amoli] orelimeten [suff] eyeball. Derived from: ouh [n] (n) 1. yam. A uviiakil ouh. They orelite; meten [oreli-meto-] went and dug yams. 2. year. A mul vii vii v6 ouh tai evus, sfv lah keileris ling keil enout orelion [suff] sw. testicles. Synonym: Voum . They stayed until a whole year went oreliasen; orelihopu. Derived from: by and a ship brought them back to Paarna. orelite; on [oreli -00-] Synonym: sua. For derived forms see uh, e.g. uhumatu; uhau; uhutau. Vocative orelite [link] egg. oreliaJo chicken egg. form: uh. In south: auh [ouhu] PNCV: *?atolu [oreli-] mumon orelite lay eggs. A hu mii ut mumon orelfte ut suval ouha [n] (n) heliconia; plant with large meau netin. The turtle comes ashore to lay leaves like banana used for wrapping its eggs just like the megapode. around pudding. In south: lauha [ouhaa] orelito [n] kind of breadfruit. Derived ouha hilhili [n] (n) kind of heliconia with from: orelite; ato [oreli-i-to] thick red leaves. Derived from: vilhili. In south: lauha hilihili [ouhaa hili-hilii] oro [n] sw. large penis. Synonym: asero. Derived from: on; Iii [oo-ruu] ouha talovu [n] (n) kind of heliconia with leaf used as umbrella in rain. In south: otah [n] sw. term of abuse. Derived from: lauha talovu [ouhaa talovuu] on; mutah [oo-taho] ouha tan aman [n] (n) kind of heliconia otas Only in tomah otas [otasi] that is red in colour. In south: lauha tan aman [ouhaa taa-ne amanu] otetu [n] sw. erection. Synonym: otev. Derived from: on; tetu [oo-tetuu] ouha vuas [n] (n) kind of heliconia used for baking food in hole. In south: lauha otev [n] sw. erection. Synonym: otetu. vuas [ouhaa vuasi] Derived from: on; mute v [oo-tevi] ouhaha [n] (n) large leaf of cottonwood ouai l [n] (n) 1. leaf. 2. traditional tree. In south: lauhaha. Derived from: medicine. UlmaJu sakmin tata onaken ouai oute; Mha [ou-haahaa] keke orer mulamun.The old man treated my father with one of our traditional leaves. ouhatl [ind] (n) nine. Kei viilah eas, vulf In south: lauai. Derived from: oute; ai vis ouhaJis, kakoan hiilualim tivuel. He [ou-i-ai] went and gathered up his chestnuts and counted them, but there were only nine, ouai2 [desc] (n) green. Telm ul en vakili with the tenth missing. In south: lauhat telele vina tellele out vf ouai viirei. Looking [ouhati] ashore from the canoe, they could see that everything was green. Synonym: ouhat2 [n] (n) kind of bamboo which is memeasen. In south: talauai . Derived thick and hard. In south: auhat. Derived from: oute; ai [ou-ai] from: eau; ahat [ou-hatu] 110

ouhoev [n] (n) kind of dragon plum with oumak [n] kind of croton that is planted on large fruit. In south: lauholev. Derived graves [oumake] from: eau; hoev [ou-hoeve] oumunai [n] (n) 1. grass. 2. beef (in oul l [n] (n) 1. freshwater shrimp. context of food distribution speeches at Synonym: oul ten oai; rad 2. lobster; celebrations). Synonym: munai. Derived saltwater prawn. Synonym: oul ten atas. from: oute; munai [ou-munai] In south: aul PNCV: *?ura [oule] ouolevis [n] (n) kind of dragon plum with oul2 [n] (n) Indian mulberry (Morinda small fru it. In south: lauolevis. Derived citri/olia). In south: aul [oulo] from: eau; olevis [ou-olevise]

oul3 [n] (n) maggot. In south: aul PNCV: ouput [n] (n) 1. dry banana leaf (used for *ulo [oulo] smoking tobacco stick). 2. letter. Synonym: veva. In south: lauput [oupute] oul koa tamure [n] (n) slipper lobster (Parribaus caledonicus). In south: aul koa oruahi [n] (n) kind of dragon plum which tamurel [oulu koaa tamuree] is very juicy. In south: laruahi. Derived from: eau [ou-rahii] oul ten atas [n] (n) lobster; saltwater prawn. Synonym: oul. In south: aul ten ous [n] (n) rain. For derived forms see us, atas [oulu teni atasi] e.g. usmesai ; userav; usesin Vocative form: us. In south: aus PNCV: *?usa oul ten oai [n] (n) freshwater shrimp. rouse] Synonym: rad; oul. In south: aul ten oai [ouiu teni oai] ousil [n] (n) coconut frond. In south: lausil. Derived from: oute; asil [ou-i oulasl [n] (n) poisonwood (Semecarpus silu] vitiensis and Semecarpus fo rsteri). In south: aulas PNCV: *walasi [oulasi] out1 [n] (n) 1. place. 2. island. 3. space; room. Out tovuelimun ekok. There is no oulas2 [n] (n) stockwhip. Synonym: on more space here. For derived forms see ut, buluk. See: millasi. In south: aulas e.g. uttlsa; utemes; votout; ulungout. [oulasi] In south: aut route] out madil [of weather] be cold out mutin [of weather] oulu [ind] (n) seven. Namun aniou/u. I be hot out meas be humid. drank seven coconuts. In south: laulu [oulu] out2 [n] (n) lice; louse. Am out hou/u vtireis. You've got a lot of lice. For derived oulung [n] (n) pillow. Synonym: pilo. forms see ut, e.g. utmailes; ut-Lovu. In See: ulungen; ulungoite; miilung. In south: aut PNCV: *kutu [outu] south: aulung PNCV: *uluga [oulungo] out houlu [n] (n) mainland (as against oum [n] (n) land crab. In south: laum small offshore island). Taksi ta enout hou/u PNCV: *rakumwa [oumo] vakurinau maha Voum. A speedboat from the mainland is to take me to Paama. In oum ahin [n] (n) female land crab. In south: aut haul u [oute houlue] south: laum ahin [oumo ahine] out malikelik [n] (n) 1. night-time. 2. oum vaet [n] (n) male land crab. before (in the time of custom). Mu/amun, Synonym: vaet. In south: laum valet enout malikelik, meatin tovuol enout Voum . [oumo vaete] Before, in the time of custom, there was originally nobody on Paama. In south: aut malikelik route malikeliko] 111

out mulan [t] (n) 1. daybreak. Out mulan out vong [t] (n) 1. nightfall. 2. until amuleris. At daybreak they woke up again. nightfall. K eilu luras en vaiengeihatva out 2. fIrst thing in the morning. Out mulan tiii, vong. The two of them stayed in the cave asuv vamu as ave namai. First thing one until nightfall. In south: aut vong route morning, the chief went and beat the drum vongi] in the meeting house. 3. until daybreak. [ho i Tahi out helanvarei. They willdance at outahtah [n] (n) small bamboo knife. In Tahi right until daybreak. Synonym: out south: autahetah. Derived from: eau; muluv. In south: aut Ian route mulani] rahtah [ou-tahe-tahe]

out muluv [t] (n) 1. daybreak. 2. fIrst outakul [n] (n) 1. sago thatch. 2. sago leaf. thing in the morning. 3. until daybreak. In south: lautakul. Derived from: oute; Komai memul en outenek varei ke munak takul [ou-takule] out muluv. We stayed there right until daybreak. Synonym: out mulan. In south: oute [link] (n) leaf. ouveta breadfruitleaf. aut luv route muluve] In south: laute PNCV: *rau [ou-]

out nesa [n] (n) 1. northern end of Paama. outeh [n] (n) trumpet-fish (Aulostomus 2. heaven (in contrast to earth). In south: chinensis). In south: lauteh. Derived from: aut nesa route nesaa] oute; ateh [ou-i-tehi]

out netan [n] (n) 1. southern end of outel rind] (n) eight. In south: lautel Paama. A hi ling meatin mulamunen tovaite [outelu] ven kamienout netan. God created people first at your end of Paama, in the south. 2. ouv1 [n] (n) length of stick thrown up into world (in contrast to heaven). In south: aut tree to dislodgefru it. Stidekosa, minasadei netan [oute netano] ouv nahina. It's Sunday today, you shouldn't be throwing sticks up into the out redan [n] (n) place where only wild trees for fruit. In south: auv [ouvo] animals live but which has no people. Synonym: out volvol. In south: aut ouv2 [n] (n) sleeplessness when one redan route redanu] sleeps away from one's usual bed. In south: auv. See: uven [ouvo] out tai [loc] (n) together. K omai merovattei komai mevai out votlis. We ouvamukin [n] (n) edible tips of pumpkin didn't all stand together. In south: aut tai vines. Derived from: oute; vamukin. In route taai] south: lauvamukin [ou-vamukine] out takulien [n] (n) bathroom. Derived ouvatihos [n] (n) blade of oar. In south: from: mukul. In south: aut takuluen lauvatihos. Derived from: oute; vatihos route ta-kulu-ene] [ou-vatihose]

out ten aman [n] (n) airfield; airport. In ouveau [n] (n) amaranthus. In south: south: aut ten aman route teni amanu] lauveau. Derived from: oute [ou-veau]

out usa [n] (n) dangerous place (because ouveave [n] (n) kind of fish. In south: of evil spirits). Mulamu outenek vi out tisa lauvolavol. Derived from: oute; veave ke takeih. Before, that place was very [ou-vea-vee] dangerous. Synonym: uttisa. In south: aut usa route tiisaa] ouvek [n] (n) batfish (Platax teira). In south: lauvek. Derived from: oute; avek out volvol [n] (n) place where neither [ou-i-veke] animals nor people live. In south: aut volivol route voli-voli] 112

ouvek ten meneai en] (n) kind of batfish par [intr] overgrown. Vitiupar vtireis. The not seen at night. In south: lauvek ten vines are really overgrown. [pare] meneal [ou-i-veke teni meneai] panoar en] Christmas tree, poinciana ouvek ten vongien en] (n) kind of (De/onix regia) [panoare] batfish seen at night. In south: lauvek ten vongien [ou-i-veke teni vongiene] parkati [tr] tie two things together. N alesi string koan keke nasoni kei par kat hek ouvul en] (n) kind of plant. In south: mules. I saw that the line I was fishing with lauvul [ouvuli] had tied my legs together. See: pare [pare kati] ouvul aih en] (n) kind of tree. Synonym: vulerum. In south: lauvul aih [ouvuli par sosorineni [tr] tie together. See: pare aiho] [pare soo-soorine-ni]

ouvul okohis en] (n) kind of ouvul plant. pare [tr] tie. V olia ro pare vakilien tan. In south: lauvul lokohis [ouvuli oko The spider was tying the canoe with his hisi] web. See: parpar; vepar [reduplicated fo rms] [pare] ouvul merau en] (n) kind of ouvul plant. In south: lauvul merau [ouvuli merau] pareren) kind of vine [pareere]

ouvul tahilhili en] (n) kind of ouvul parpar[intr] (n) tie things; tie knots. plant. Derived from: vilhili. In south: Synonym: vepar. In south: parepar. lauvul tahilihili [ouvuli ta-hili-hilii] Derived from: pare [by reduplication) [pare-pare) ouvul taoh en] (n) kind of ouvul plant. Derived from: muoh. In south: lauvul parut [intr] make constant noise [paruti] taoh [ouvuli ta-oho] pasela [tr) remove stem from large leaf. ouvus en] kind of shellfish (Astraea A hang mul mukan ka kei mul piisela ouha. stellare) [ouvuse] The fi re was burning and he was removing the stems fromthe pudding leaves. [paasele)

- p - pasis en) clear passage through reef. Synonym: eihoi; eihoi hos; meteihoi. Bislama: pasis [paasise] pa lint] bang; pop (sudden loud noise of rifle firing, balloon bursting, etc.) [paa] pastaen] pastor. Bislama: pasta [pastaa]

JEk en] sack; bag. Bislama: baeg [paiki] pastek en] watermelon. Synonym: melen. Bislama: pastek (from French pasteque) paik onen kavrnan en] very large sack [pasteke] [paiki one-ne kavmane] pastis en) Pernod. Synonym: melek. pait en] kind of tree (with roots that are Bislama: pastis (from French pasris) used for tying roof) [paite] [pastisi]

palengat en] (n) black ground lizard. In pasuni [tr) 1. disobey. 2. not pay attention south: tipalengat [palengati] to. Namul naselas en sfse ten umen ven ehon keil ka keil amu/es apasunau. I was pamplimus en] grapefruit. Bislama: telling the children how to go about the pamplimus(from Fr ench pamplemousse) work but they wouldn't pay attention to me. (pamplimuse1 3 . . distrust [pasuni] 113

pat [intr] [of hair] long and unkempt. pengasi [str] do perfectly. Kei mul musou Hilum pOl. Your hair is long and unkempt. pengassouenenek . He sang that song [pati] perfectly. See: visis pengasi [pengasi]

paten en] button. Bislama: bOlen [patene] pepe[n] into vagina. Synonym: viien [pepee] paterik en] battery. Bislama: bOlerik [paterike] perel [intr] make intermittent noise. See: veperel [reduplicated form] [perele] paturel [n] kind of fish similar to unicorn fish but without horn, and with spine on tail pesialis en] (s) mikania weed (Mikania that retracts into body [patureli] micrantha). In north: pisialis [peesialise]

paut [intr] sail zigzag path. Metpautvi a pesin [n] basin [peesine]. Bislama: besin. vus, metmuloh metviniiris Voum. We sailed a zigzag path back towards Paama. pet [intr] bet; gamble. M etmo keil amul Bislama: boot(from English about) [paute] apeten lohlohien ten vakili. The Europeans were betting on the canoe race. Bislama: bet pautaen] powder. Bislama: pooda [pautaa] [peeti]

pauteni [tr] sail zigzag path. M etpauten peta [ind] fo urteen (in lisefseflanguage). vakili. We sailed the canoe in a zigzag path. Synonym: tai dan ehat [petaa] Derived from: paut [paute-ni] petai rind] fifteen (in lisefseflanguage). peab Only in veta peab [peahi] Synonym: tai dan elim [petai]

peahi [tr] (n) wish for. lnau napeahi Uses petar [n] kind of yam with red flesh and ka narolesteisuk. I had always wished for hairy bendy tubers [petare] it, but I never saw it. In south: pelahi . See: vepeahi [reduplicated form] [peahi] pi [n] marbles. Bislama: pi (from French bille) [pii] peak[int r] insist. Lupeak min keiluesuk ke telvahiiris teim, ka keilu ealu rovOlteimun. pik [n] 1. plectrum for guitar. 2. spade (in They insisted to the two of them that they card playing). 3. pickaxe. Bislama: pik should all go home, but the two of them no (from English pick and French pique) longer wanted to. [peaki] [piiki]

peat en] (n) beam at top of roof. In south: pikav en] record player. Bislama: pikap pel at [peati] (from English pick up) [pikave]

peis [n] (s) side wall of house. In north: piko [n] rabbitfish (Family Siganidae). pis [peisi] Bislama: piko (fromFr ench piquant) [piikoo] pen en] pen; pencil. Synonym: eitis. Bislama: pen [peene] pi! [sintr] be close together. Tas onak musil rasil, keik onom musil lah pi!. My pensin [n] petrol. Bislama: bensin (from torch shines with a wide beam, while yours benzine) [pensine] has a narrow beam. See: apil; ral ingpil. Reduplicated form: vipil [pilu] peng [sintr] do perfectly. Kei mul van pengo He shoots perfectly. See: pengasi pi !- [v] stick. See: pil kati; lab pil; [penge] vipil; apil [pilu] 114

pil kati [tr] 1. stick strongly to. 2. [of sea] pis rah [intr] sniff. See: rah; rahin; completely becalm a vessel. A tas pi! kat rahivo [pisi rahi] viirein keil, vakiliro mulohteimun. The sea becalmed them completely, and their canoe pisialis [n] (n) mikania weed (Mikania wouldn't sail any more. Synonym: pilit micrantha). In south: pesialis. Named kati [pilu kati] after woman called Alice who is thought to have brought the weed to Paama. pile [intr] 1. play (game or musical [peesialise] instrument). Kisan kitar onom mapilev fs i eni. Give me your guitar so I can try to play pistas [n] peanut. Bislama: pistas (from it. 2. [of musical group] give public French pistache ) [pistase] performance. Ip ile Tahikosa. There will be music at Tahi today. Bislama: pie [pi lee] pisu1 [intr] drink beer. Ame kei! amul apisu en veien. The men are drinking beer pilitkati [tr] 1. stick strongly to. 2. [of on the beach. [Pisuu] sea] completely becalm a vessel. A tas pilit katviirein vakilione. The sea completely pisu2 [sintr] make 'pffft ' noise similar to becalmed their canoe. See: piliti. opeOning tin of beer. See: mllSi pisu Synonym: pH kati [pilitu kati] [pisuu]

piliti [tr] 1. stick to. Napilit piksaen pitar [n] marble used for shooting at other metareh . I stuck a picture on the door. marbles. Bislama: biter (fromFr ench Synonym: remale. 2. apply plaster to buteur) [pitare] wound. Kipilit manu onak. Put a plaster on my sore. See: vipilit [reduplicated form] piti1 [tr] [of liquid] go all over something. PNCV: *buluti [piliti] Ran vuas pituk varei.You've got pig's bloodall over you. [piti] pilo [n] pillow. Synonym: ouJung. Bislama: pi/o [piiloo] piti2 [str] Only in musoh piti [piti] piluni [str] close together. Derived from: piu [n] noise of fart [piuu] pil. See: lah piluni [pilu-ni] pius [n] fu se. Namunit pius mul vishis. I pima[n] 1. chilli. 2. capsicum. Bislama: lit the fu se and it spluttered. Bislama: fius pima (fromFr ench piment) [piimaa] [piuse]

pin kati [tr] fasten door with latch (but plastik [n] 1. plastic bottle; plastic without locking). Kopfn katmet are h tail container. 2. plastic bag. Bislama: plastik Have you fastened the door with the latch? [plaastike] See: pini [piini kati] pO [intr] [of weapon or blow] hit. A vuken [tr] latch door (but without locking). pini siik po en vatuk hatte elu. The tail of the Apfn metareh tai. They have latched the shark hit me on the head twice. Synonym: door. Bislama: pin [piini] rasiI; rOvat; so [pool pire [intr] pray. Koakei/ amulen sukul poal [n] gully; place where water flows amules veahapir e. The people in church are between hills. See: napoal PNCV: still praying. Synonym: vis. Bislama: prea *pwalu valley [poalu] [piree] pOh koe [tr] (n) 1. plug up. 2. put lid on. pire koe [tr] (n) pray to bless something. Po h koe ketel. Put the lid on the kettle. 3. In south: pire kole [piree koe] cover over food. Synonym: vovo koe. In south: poh kole [poohi koe] pis [n] (n) side wall of house. In south: peis [pisi] 115

poll [intr] 1. close eyes. Rehepol re hehfs. pulini [tr] 1. crouch down; curl up body. Let us close our eyes and pray. 2. sleep. TomatRen vfta ro en vangon leirumrum, Keik kopol kaYe? Where do you sleep? pulfni evus ros mukok. Tomat Ren went Synonym: matil. 3. die. See: polpol; down into the belly of the whale and stayed vopol [reduplicated forms] PNCV: there crouching down. 2. clench fist. *bwili [pole] Edward pulfn hen mutf Siti. Edward clenched his fist and punched Siti. [pulii-ni] pol2 [intr] (s) 1. [of food] burnt. 2. [of globe] blown. Lapul ten tos onakpol tai. pulong [n] bolt. Bislama: bulong (from My torch globe has blown. In north: vepe. French boulon) [pulonge] See: vopol [reduplicated form] [pole] piim [n] boom of canoe sail. Bislama: bum pol kati [tr] blink. Komutf nil, kei mul pol [puume] katmeten. When you hit the nail, he blinked. [pole kati] pupuru [n] kind of yam which has round tuber [pupuruu] polaua [n] 1. flour. 2. obs. bread. Synonym: veret; veta. Early Bislama: puras [n] brush. Bislama: bras [puraasi] polaua [polauaa] puriisini [tr] brush. Derived from: pm'as politik [n] politics. Bislama: politik [puraasi-ni] [politiki] miimon politiktake part in politics. punl [n] bottom section of Mother Hubbard dress. Bislama: fril 'lace frill on polpol [intr] (n) blink. Derived from: pol. bottom of Mother Hubbard dress' [puriile] In south: polepol [pole-pole] purfmi [tr] 1. spoil. 2. damage; ruin. 3. be ponane [n] New Year celebrations (in rude to; upset. Lehtahos min ia/ulf ses, which groups of singers sing happy songs lonapur/ldei ia/u. Let's always be goodto in different villages and at other people's each other, let's not be rude to each other. homes to mark the new year). Bislama: 4. disturb; interrupt. Synonym: k3reni bonane (fromFr ench bonne annee) [puruu-ni] [ponanee] pus katil [tr] kick strongly. See: pusi pOni [tr] [of weapon or blow] hit. Ponuk? [pusi kati] Did it hit you? Derived from: po [poo-ni] pus kati2 [tr] l. put in upright posts close pill [intr] swim backstroke with eyes together in fe nce (to make it strong). 2. closed while playing in sea (to see who can weave wall of wild cane. Synonym: pusi correctly reach a given destination) [puule] [pusi kati] pulagit [n] blanket. Synonym: eitaluh. pus lati [tr] kick something out from Bislama: blanket [pulagiti] where it is stuck. See: pusi [pusi laati] puli kati l [tr] clench fist. K ei puli kat hen pus leini [tr] kick something all over. See: vit vatit. He clenched his fists to fight. See: pusi [pusi lei-ni] pulini [pulii kati] pus merauni [tr] kick gently. See: pusi puli kati2 [refl] [of cabbage] form heart. [pusi merau-ni] Kapispuli kati tai?Have the cabbages formed hearts yet? See: pulini [pulii kati] pus vini [tr] kick to death. See: pusi [pusi vinii] 116 pus vuIi [tr] break with a kick. See: pus i raeng kilea [tr] (n) recognise (by sound). [pusi vuli] A raeng kilea remal avit keilu tai! They recognised our voices and said there they pusi1 [tr] kick. See: vupus [reduplicated are! In south: daIong kilela [taengo kilea] form] [pusi] pus vOl play football. lp us vol Tahi kosa. They will play foo tball at raeng kotehei [tr] (n) hear snippets of Tahi today. something. Keil aro rae ng kotehei aro avit usili. As they heard snippets about it, they pusi2 [tr] 1. put in upright posts close would talk about it. In south: daIong together in fe nce (to make it strong). 2. kotehei [taengo kotehe] weave wall of wild cane. Synonym: pus kati [pusi] raeng ratani [tr] (n) agree with. Mesau ta vite "Tahos keke klmai. kiles en eisiluk ka pusin [suff] spur of rooster [pusi-] inau maue enuk kovahiiut", ka inaunamul naraeng riitiini. A fish said"You should pusong [n] stopper; cork. Bislama: come and sit on my back and I will swim busong (fromFr ench bouchon) [pusonge] with you to the shore", and I was agreeing with it. In south: daIong ratani [taengo pustas [n] kind of mackerel with spots raa-taa-ni] [pustasi] raeng usili [tr] (n) hear about. lnau narolestei, naraeng usilies aseWs usili. I didn't see it, I just heard about them talking - R - about it. In south: daIong usili [taengo usili] ra [intr] (n) [ of kingfisher] call. A si ra en raengoni [tr] (n) 1. hear. A rae ngon tounah v atim ag o. There is a kingfishercalling in ta muroh. They heard something make a the mango tree. In south: da [taa] loud noise. 2. listen to. N ariin keih veni hesakini meatin keil itaengonau ka ra soksok [intr] (n) [of first bird in iromurangtei. I told the story out loud to morning] call out. Hotil ra soksok, out make the people listen to me so that they volan. When the morning bird calls out, day wouldn't wail. 3. feel. Kitaengon alumul. is about to break. In south: da sokosok You will feel an earthquake. A rilfnau [taa soko-soko] naraengoni ongok vul. I've had an injection and my mouth feels numb. 4. pay attention ra- [v] (n) chop. In south: da. See: rei to. Synonym: longe. In south: daIongoni [taa] [raengo-ni] rad [n] freshwater shrimp. Synonym: ouI; ..ago [intr] (n) tilt; lean over. Eang milhilh oul ten oai [rade] sakin vatimago rago vfta netan. The wind blew making the mango tree lean over. In raeng1 [intr] (n) listen. In south: daIong south: dago [taagoo] [raengo] rah1 [intr] (s) blow one's nose. In north: raeng2 [sintr] (n) quiet. Kito raeng, murah [rahi] konaisteimun. Keep quiet, don't cry any more. In south: ralong. See: retaeng rah2 [intr] (n) 1. make small incision. 2. [reduplicated form] [raengo] operate. See: rahtah [reduplicated form]. In south: dab [tahe] raeng kati [tr] (n) 1. obey. 2. pay attention to. Synonym: longe. In south: daIong rahas [intr] (n) [of moon] new. A vati kati [taengo kati] rahas kosa. There is a new moon today. In south: dehas [tahasu] 117 raheah [intr] (n) float; drift. Nason huk ka raJ103 [n] kind of tree [rahoo] namulnariiheah naumaivo en eim sakoris. I cast the line and I drifted back as far as my raho tilev [n] kind of raho tree [rahoo house. Synonym: muolaI; sesai. In south: tileve] daheah [taaheahe] rahoev [n] (n) kind of wild lychee with rnhei [tr] (n) pick (of breadfruit). Keil large fruit. In south: raholev. Derived auvaTavulai en avong ke veta rekou houlu from: ara; hoev [raa-hoeve] ka avit avotahtei. They went to Tavulai at a time when there was a lot of breadfruit, raholung [intr] (n) [of pig] grunt. In wanting to pick some. In south: dahei south: vangolongol [taholunge] [tahe] rahopeak [n] (n) kind of wild lychee with rahinl [suff] nasal mucus; snot. See: rah; small fruit. Derived from: ara; hopeak pis rah; metrahi. Synonym: rahivo [raa-hopeako] PNCV: *davi [rahi-] rahrahl [n] (n) kind of wild yam. rahin2 [intr] (n) perform burial. Koakeil Synonym: vatin vares. In south: itahin kosa. They are going to perform the rahorah [raho-raho] burial today. In south: dahin [tahini] raltraJl2 [intr] blow one's nose repeatedly. rahinil [tr] (n) bury. M erahin keitel vasf Kei mul rahrah lfses. He is always blowing en avul ttinges, navfs ven keil. We buried his nose. Derived from: murah [by them all in one hole, and I prayed for them. reduplication] [rahi-rahi] In south: dahini PNCV: *tavuni [tahini] rahtah [intr] (n) 1. make small incision. 2. rahini2 [str] bury. Out ke sel rahin operate. Ttita onen Jo hn hetahtah en mesaien onen, rolah liittei makesinek mules. medflah. John's father is operating this Where she scraped the dust over her afternoon. Derived from: rah [by menstrual blood, she just left the rubbish reduplication]. In south: dahetah uncollected. [rahi-ni] [tahe-tahe] rahit [sintr] go around [rahiti] rahtaho [intr] (n) swollen almost to bursting (as, for example, of a dead cow). rahitan [n] cemetery. Synonym: tehItan. In south: dahtaho. Derived from: raho See: atan [rahi-i-tano] [by reduplication] [taho-tahoo] rahiti [str] go around. Kei kol rahit vatilii rahungola [intr] (n) surface (from diving). tai. He hoed around a tree. See: va rahiti Synonym: rangosa. In south: dahungola [rahiti] [tahungolaa] rahivo [n] nasal mucus; snot. See: rah; ralmt [intr] (n) bounce; rebound. Eau koan metrahi pis rah. Synonym: rahin evut are i anieni riihut. When you cut Derived from: rahin; vo [rahi-voo] coconuts with a blunt knife, they rebound. In south: dalmt [taahute] rahol [intr] (n) 1. fat. 2. [of food] swell up during cooking 3. [of dough] rise. See: rais [n] rice. Synonym: heirou; rahtaho [reduplicated form] . In south: heirerolL Bislama: raes [raise] daho [tahoo] rakati l [tr] (n) 1. press. Kittikatpaten. raho2 [intr] (n) [of smell] waft. Vfanien Press the button. 2. be right behind. mul raho maio The smell of the food is Nartikatviirein eisilin Soule. I was right wafting over. In south: daho [tahoo] behind Soule's back. 3. put weight on something to prevent it from blowing away. 118

4. put marker on grave. 5. put markeron mI lati [tr] (n) tear out. See: mIi. In south: breadfruit pit. Variant of: mutiikati dal lati [tali laati] mI lat mIingen prick [taakati] up one's ears. Huli ro lesteimun bilsi, ral lOJ ralingen mukok, les basi soutin. The dog r3kati2 [tr] (n) chop axe or knife into tree couldn't see the cat any more, and when he for safekeeping. A rei rtika! tOJaonen mul en pricked up his ears, he saw the cat in the veak ta mules. Arei chopped his axe into distance. the veak treefor safekeeping. Synoym: raIati. Derived from: ra-; kati. In south: mI leini [tr] (n) tear apart. Eang mai ral dakati [taa-kati] lein eim ran atau keil rivfni va ka keil amules amudemi houlu keke keilemun rakirlrlriti [tr] (n) chip at idly. Derived vesesali avavupuel. The wind came and tore from: ra-; kirlrlriti.In south: dakirlrlriti apart the house from the women and threw

[taa -kiritii] -kiri it away, and they were very worried that they were about to be lost. See: mIi. In rakit [intr] (n) limp. Synonym: kit; kitkit. south: dal leini [tali lei-nil In south: dakit[taakito] mI vasi [tr] (n) tear in half. See: mIi. In rakotehei [tr] (n) chop in half. Kei rtikoteh south: dal vasi [tali vaasi] iiitai, mul rei vamai vahfvakili. He chopped a tree in half and was cuttingit into a canoe. mI vahasi [tr] (n) shred; rip up into Derived from: ra-; kotehei. In south: pieces. See: mIi. In south: dal vahasi [tali dakotehei [taa-kotehe] va-haasi]

raku [intr] (n) roll of canoe or ship. A vong raIati [tr] (n) 1. cut axe or knife into meka Vila memfta, sfv rtik u viireis. When something for safekeeping. Nara/OJ eau we came back fromVila, the ship was onak en vatim ago. I cut my knife into the rolling a lot. Synonym: rami. In south: trunk of the coconut tree for safekeeping. daku [taakue] Synonym: rakati. 2. chop one out of many. Kei va ra/OJ iii tiii mot va netan, rakiik [intr] (n) swing. Synonym: rtik otehei. He went and chopped one of the rakurur; mutakUIiir. In south: dakuk trees and chopped it in half. Derived from: [taakuuku] ra-; lati. In south: daJati [taa-laati]

rakUIiir[intr] (n) swing. Sfho viteni min mIeh kati [tr] (n) carry with one on one's mani5nvite "Kilekatinau,male mot tikurnr" . shoulders. Uhia naraleh kati en paik The parrot said to the flyin& fo x "Watch mavulvul hit merales keke mavulvul. The

me, I am going to swing" . . Ehon ta rtik urnr wild yams that I was carrying with me in a en asiiii. A boy swung on the branch. bag on my shoulders were broken up just Synonym: rakuk. Variant of: mutakUIiir. like smashed pieces of coral. See: mIeha. In south: dakurur [taakuruuru] In south: daleh kati [talehe kati] mIl [intr] (n) 1. along with mIeha [tr] (n) 1. carry (slung over (accompaniment). Uas ulm atu hetal min shoulder). Papa Noelra leh tounah keil mul asuv onen. They were going to kill the old ktika.Father Christmas carries things slung man along with his boss. 2. with over his shoulder as he goes around. 2. [of (instrumental). Amuasi ral min iii. They hit tree] bear many fruit.Marivatias ta raleM him with a stick. Synonym: eni. In south: vis raleha, heite houlu. There was a dal [tali] chestnut tree thatwas bearing heavily, and it had lots of fruit. 3. replace one's parents. mI2 [sintr] wild; be from the bush. See: vii K italeh mama onom. You will replace your mI; utemI [rali] mother. In south: daleha. See: retaleh [reduplicated form] [talehe] 119 ralekeini [tr] (n) 1. hang something on ralingka [n] 1. cauliflower ears. 2. show something. Naralekein ateli onak en nfl. I off. Derived from: araIing; muka hung my basket on a nail. 2. blame [ralinge-kaa] something on someone; accuse. Variant of: rekeini. In south: dalekaini [talekei-ni] raIingpii [n] Only in: siel ralingpil. Derived from: araIing; pH [ralinge-pilu] ralil [tr] (n) 1. tear. Aral veva. They tore the paper. Synonym: reini. 2. break skin. ralingvutvut [n] (n) deafness. Derived In south: dali [tali] from: araIing; vutvut. In south: ralingvutuvut [ralinge-vutu-vutu] rali2 [tr] (n) 1. accompany; along with (accompaniment). Mevousiii nek ral ralong [sintr] quiet. In north: raeng lftem un. We carried the tree along with its [ralongo] roots too. 2. with (instrumental). Eim Umonihetal heiei. The house will be made ramat [mod] (n) too; too much. Out mutin with wild cane. Synonym: eni. In south: ram at. It is too hot. In south: ramet dali [tali] [raamate] rali [tr] (n) warn. Aralfk eni konoumodei rame [n] (n) white ants. In south: ramol terapo!. You were warned not to make [ramee] trouble. In south: dali [talii] rames [intr] (n) [of rain] ease off. Derived rali kati [tr] (n) 1. hold tightly. N avong from: 1'3-; meso In south: dames [taa nauvaneim, kitalikat atuh onak . When I go mese] inside, hold tightly onto my belt. 2. [of grass] grow right down along the ground. ramet [mod] (s) too; too much. In north: M unai rali katatan. The grass grewclose to ramat [raamete] the ground. 3. copulate with; have sexual intercourse with. Kei rali kat ahin tii. He ramobong [sintr] (s) do crazily. In north: had sex with a woman. Synonym: veouni; ravobong [ramobongo] muasi; mutemi; ruva. In south: dali kati [talii kati] ramol [n] (s) white ants. In north: rame [ramole] ralihe [intr] (n) sit cross-legged. Navong kei vit viiniankei ral ihe. When he wanted to ramuleite [link] (n) tassle. ram ulesuvon eat, he sat cross-legged. In south: dalihel tassles on mat. In south: ramulaite [talihee] [ramule-] ralimah [intr] (n) 1. cloudy. Navong ous ramusil [n] ladle [ramusii] mUs, out ralimah. When it rains, it is cloudy. 2. [of vision] blurred. M etok ramusi2 [tr] lick. Huli ram us manuonak . ralimah. My vision is blurred. In south: The dog licked my sore. See: reramusi dalimah [talimaho] [reduplicated form] PNCV: *damusi [ramusi] ralingen [suff] 1. ear. 2. tendril of vine. See: araIing PNCV: *daliga [ralingo-]. ran[intr] (n) 1. glare angrily. Meten ran . san ralingen listen. Kisiin ralingom. You He glared angrily. 2. [of water] turbid; listen. matil kat ralingen be sound muddy. A tas ran varei. The sea is very asleep raI Hit ralingen prick up one's ears turbid. In south: dan [tano] ralingen muka show off. ran [suff] blood. See: ara PNCV: *daRa ralingen asu [n] kind of fungus which [raa-] grows on dry wood [ralinge-ne asue] 120 rankati [tr] (n) glare angrily at. Metom rangi [tr] 1. tip out; pour. Sai rang rais va rankati. You were glaring angrily at him. en sosipen. Sai tippedsome rice into the In south: dan kati [tani kati] saucepan. 2. throw powder (at a celebration). A mul arang pautava vasfout nmaut [prep] (s) from (a place). In north: en avong ten lapet.Powder is thrown ranout [ranaute] everywhere at parties. [rangi] nun [prep] from.lnau nihuL Liitiran uk . I rangisi [tr] (n) 1. cry for someone who will buy it from you. Synonym: eni [rani] has died. A suv one mat, ka keil amul arangisi. Their chief had died, and they rani [tr] (n) 1. cook in cooking hole. A ran were crying for him. 2. cry for something vuasmu L en avuL. They cooked the pig in that one wants. Sam mul rangis pistas. Sam the cooking hole. 2. bake (in oven). A ran is crying for peanuts. In south: dangisi veret kosa? Did they bake bread today? In [tangisi] south: dani PNCV: *taRu cook [taani] rangosa [intr] (n) 1. reach top after ranout [prep] (n) from (a place). In south: climbing up. Luvina va lurangosaen nmaut. See: rani;out [ranoute] houonek avise en Vulivanei.They went up until they arrived at the top of the hill called rang leini [tr] 1. tip all over. 2. give birth Vulivanei. Kei veou vina va rangosa en to litter of animals. See: rangi [rangi leini] angoinganesa. He climbed up untilhe got to the top of the trunkof the native almond rang liiti [tr] 1. knock down; shove away. tree. 2. surface (from diving). Nama K eil arang Latiii ran vatfnga sakini tin tisa. narangosa, nariiheah. I surfaced and floated. They knocked the wood down from the Synonym: rahungola. 3. [of sun] rise. native almond tree, which made him angry. Roviteni keke avaLesi en visokon navong 2. dislodge. A toulfnek mukeLau vina nesa, keke metem ma rangosa. We have said that rang Lat ahat, Les out muoh. The girl it would be seen in the morning when the clambered up, dislodged the rock and saw sun rises. Synonym: rna; mea; rolla. In that it was bright. 3. get rid of. See: rangi south: dangosa. See: retangosa [rangi laati] [reduplicated form] [tangosaa] rang ridOni [tr] overturn (of canoe or rangtang [intr] (n) place hands on ship). Siik rang ridunau navfta vlirei en anev something. A rangtang en tepoL. They ten atas. The shark tippedme right over placed their hands on the table. In south: under the sea. [rangi riduu-ni] dangotang PNCV: *tago touch [tango tango] rang tal [intr] (n) 1. arrive. Kfha va kitangtaL teim meheta avong ehat. Go, and rapeha [tr] (n) crane neck for (by when you arrive at home, you will all stay stretching neck). In south: dapeha [tapehe] there for four days. 2. barge in. 3. suddenly arrive on the scene. In south: dang tal rapisi1 [tr] (n) remember every single one. [tango tali] A rorapfsteimun maniok. They didn't remember the cassava (though they rangeah [intr] (n) straighten one's back. remembered the cabbage, the yams, the Hemeiisuk hetangeah. Then he will get up coconuts and everything else). In south: and straighten his back. In south: dangeah dapisi [tapiisi] [tangeahe] rapisi 2 [tr] (n) visit. Kitapfs SouL muL en rangen [suff] comb on rooster's head hospiteL. You visit Soul in hospital. In [rango-] south: dapisi [tapiisi]

rapolis [intr] (n) catch animal by leg. See: eitapolis. In south: dapolis [tapolisi] 121 rapus [intr] (n) 1. spring back. Vatiolevis and we tried to deal with it but couldn't tiirap us,po viirei en ehon tii.The olevis tree manage it. [rasi] sprang back and hit one of the boys. 2. [of wood being cut] jump back. 3. [of bone] rasill [intr] (n) 1. separate. 2. disperse; go dislocated. In south: dapus [tapusi] in different directions. Keilu lurasil noutenek. The two of them went their rarasilini [tr] (n) 1. cut into pieces. 2. respective ways. 3. [of torch] shine with a change notes into coins. Maneonak wide beam. Tos onom musil lah pil ka inau nariirasilfni taL I have changed my notes tos onak musil rasil. Your torch shines with into coins. Synonym: rasilini. Derived a narrow beam but mine shines with a wide from: ra-; rasilini. In south: dararasilini beam. In south: dasiI. See: retiisil; [taa -raa -raasilii -nil raffisil [reduplicated forms] [taasili] ra.rue [tr] (n) fe ll tree. Rei iii tiii vo riirue rasiI2 [intr] (n) [of shot or weapon] hit. mfta netan. He chopped the tree until he had K ei voulathisuput, lehei vo rasilien. He fe lled it. Derived from: ra-; rue. In south: picked up his bow, took aim and hit it. dame [taa-rue] Synonym: po; so; rOvat. In south: dasiI [taasili] rtirum [intr] (n) stamp feet on ground; stomp. A uvol ariirum Tahal netan . They rasil3 [sintr] scatter in all directions. Ehon danced while stomping their fe et at Tahal keil alohloh rasil. The children ran about in netan. In south: damm [taarumu] all directions. See: raffisil [reduplicated form] [raasili] ras [sintr] impossible; unable. Kei sak ras vamfta kosa. He is unable to come down rasilinil [tr] (n) 1. scatter. 2. change notes today. [rasi] into coins. Synonym: rarasilini . In south: dasiIini [taasilii -nil rasei [intr] (n) veer off. Inau narovatei ut, narasei soutin. I didn't go ashore, I veered rasilini2 [str] scatter; do in all directions. off along way away. See: tasei. In south: Nasiiriisilfn mane onakvus tai. I gave my dasei [tasei] money out and now I have none left. See: kur rasiIini; vosei rasiIini; Jah rasei [tr] (n)cut apart coconut husks with rasilini [raasilii -nil knife (when not properly chopped by axe and still held together by a few fibres). rasisil [intr] (n) hoe ground as far as top Derived from: ra-; sei. In south: dasei of garden. Derived from: ra-; sisiI. In [taa-sei] south: dasisil [taa-sisile] raseseha [tr] (n) cut off upper limbs of rasoksokoni [tr] (n) 1. cut into very fine tree before cutting down trunk. See: ra-. In pieces. 2. eat last of. A to rasoksokon anien south: daseseha [taa-sesehe] an. The chicken is eating the last of its food. Derived fro m: ra-; soksokoni. In south: rasil [tr] 1. scrape off outside surface. dasoksokoni [taa-soko-soko-ni] Keilu luvit luvahilei ahang, luras titiali teni. They wanted to light a fire,so they scraped rasras [intr] scrape off outside surface. of the firestick. 2. scrape off burnt skin (of Derived from: rasi [by reduplication] yams, taros etc roasted on fire). See: [rasi -rasi] rasras [reduplicated form] [rasi] rata [intr] (n) 1. chop; carve. Meteisau keil rasi2 [str] 1. impossible; unable. Kei pus amularata keke alingmeten iii mul en ras vol. He cannot play football. 2. unable vakili. The skilled men used to carve so that to manage something. V uasik mul kanian there would be a prow on the canoe. 2. en iih somaitel, metsak mini vis ka metsak break ground to make new garden. A me rasi. The pig had been eating in our garden, keil arata out sen Mael nanga neh. The men 122

broke the ground at Mael's garden ratoal< [n] kind of wild lychee. Derived yesterday. See: tata. In south: data from: ara [raa-toake] [taa-taa] ratuk [intr] (n) 1. wear penis sheath. rata [sintr] individual. Variant of: ratai . Synonym: vepar; visisi. 2. wear nappy. Derived from: tai [by reduplication] 3. wear nothing but one's underwear. In [raa-taa] south: datuk [taatuku]

ratahil [intr] (n) preen fe athers. In south: ray [sintr] Only in mils ray; userav datahil. Derived from: rata; ahil [rave] [taa-taa-hilu] ravai [n] (n) kind of wild lychee. In south: ratai l [intr] (n) [of canoe or ship] roll. ravill. Derived from: ara; vai [raa-vaai] Synonym: raku. In south: datal [taataai] ravilli [tr] (n) cut end of stick to make a ratai2 [sintr] individual. Heiai keil amul point. Inau nitavali ta iii koan ke avise en riitiii. The fruit were scarce. Variant of: 'eikahkah'. I will cut the end of a stick to rata. See: heiratai; aneratai. Derived make a husking stick. Derived from: ra-; from: tai [by reduplication] [raa-taai] villi. In south: davilli [taa-vaali]

rataia [intr] (n) nodhead in agreement. ravasi [tr] (n) split (with an axe). A ravOs Synonym: ravat. In south: dataia iiinek. They split the log with an axe. See: [taataaiaa] ra- . In south: davasi [taa-vaasi]

ratali [tr] (n) cut open coconutat base ravat [intr] (n) 1. nod head in agreement. (rather than at the top). Derived from: ra-; Synonym: rataia. 2. [of canoe] bob up and tali. In south: datali [taa-tali] down with waves. 3. vibrate. In south: davat. See: avat [taa-vatu] ratanil [tr] (n) [of God] create. A hi r{J1an out netan. Godcreated the world. In south: rave [intr] (n) block off road. In south: datani [taataa-ni] davel PNCV: *bwele taboo sign [tavee]

ratani2 [str] agree with. Naraeng riitan rave koe [tr] (n) 1. block off (road). selilsien onom . I agree with what you say. A rave koe nangeis? When did they block it Derived from: rata [raa-taa-ni] off? 2. attach prohibition notice to. Synonym: raveni. In south: davel kole ratasHl [intr] (n) 1. separate all over. 2. [tavee koe] disperse in all different directions. Derived from: rasH [by reduplication]. In south: raveni [tr] (n) 1. block off road. Synonym: dasH [taa- taasili] rave koe. 2. attach prohibition notice to. Inau naraven mago esak, ehon keil iroveoutei. I have put a prohibition notice ratasil2 [sintr] scatter in all directions. A ro v{J1ei avoka r{J1Osil, keil vruf avit "Ir on my mango tree so that the children won't reheha out tOs rehoum". They didn't climb it. Derived from: rave. In south: disperse but they said instead "Let us stay daveleni [tavee-ni] together and cooperate". Derived from: raveta [n] kind of wild lychee. Derived rasH [raa- taasili] from: ara; veta [raa-vetaa] ratavol [intr] (n) tell riddle; give puzzle. In ravia [tr] (n) hatch egg. A to sen M ahit south: datavol [taataavoli] ravia tftan 15. Mahit's chicken hatched 15 chicks. In south: davia [taavie] ratio [n] radio. Synonym: eisesel. Bislama: radio [ratioo] 123 rnvie [intr] (n) hold something hot with ravoni [tr] (n) drink by putting lips split stick. See: eitavie. In south: daviel directly to water. M evina mepusvol Tahi, [taviee] avong memfta meravon oaitiii te nout Tavulai. We played football at Tahi and rnvieni [tr] (n) hold (something hot from when we came back, we drank some water ftre in split stick). Aravien ahat. They held at Tavulai. Derived from: rnvo. In south: the hot stones with a split stick. In south: davoni [tavoo-ni] davieleni [taviee-ni] ravosili [tr] (n) 1. follow secretly to find ravim[tr] (n) hack to death. A riiv inf asoni source of something (e.g. pig to fm d v ftaen paik . They hacked him to death and piglets, chicken to ftnd eggs). 2. check on put him into a bag. Derived from: rae; somebody's activities. In south: davosili vim. In south: davim [taa-vinii] [tavosili] ravisi [tr] (n) weave first row. In south: ravul [intr] (n) pick oneself up after davisi [tavisi] falling. Navong ke inau naravul namea mukok, narakat varein eisilin Soule. When I ravisi [tr] (n) cut ftrstone. Nitiivfstav oi picked myself up again, I was right behind sak kosa. I am going to cut my ftrst bush Soule's back. In south: davul [tavule] nuts today. Derived from: rae; visi. In south: davisi [taa-viisi] re [intr] (n) insufftcient. In north: de [tee] ravo [intr] (n) 1. [of bird] nest (to hatch real [n] war; battle. Tounah vasf keil eggs). A to sen riivo tai. His chicken is tenout malikelik mulsemau, re iimun nesting. 2. drink by putting lips directly to mulsemau navonginek. All of those pre water. In south: davo [taavoo] Christian things were still there, even wars. [reaa] ravo kati [tr] (n) [of bird] sit on (eggs) to hatch. A to riivo katorelrte . The chicken is rea2 [intr] (n) 1. belch; burp. 2. dribble. 3. sitting on the eggs to hatch them. In south: bring up juices from stomach. In south: davo kati [taavoo kati] dela [teaa] rnvobong [sintr] (n) do crazily. Kei mules reasu [n] bamboo flute [reasuu] se/ils ravobong. He is raving. In south: ramobong. See: matil ravobong; seliis reda [n] (n) kind of tree. In south: ida ravobong; me ravobong; ka [redaa] ravobong [ravobongo] redai [tr] flick to see if it is good inside ravobong [n] (n) kind of wild lychee with (usually of a watermelon or coconut). red fruit. In south: ramobong. Derived Naredai ani. I flicked the coconut. [redai] from: am; vobong [raa-mobongo] redan [adj] wild; fe ral. vuas redan wild rnvobongoni [str] (n) do crazily. Kei mun pig. Synonym: tiredan [redanu] ravobongon pastis. He drank himself silly with Pemod. In south: rnmobongoni. redel may [n] (s) kind of bird. In north: Derived from: ravobong [ravobongo-ni] rere may [redele maavi] ravoka [intr] (n) 1. [of affliction] spread redem [intr] think. Kei mules redem . He is from one person to another. A his tin ravoka just thinking. Variant of: muredem ran uk va eni. His ringworm spread from Derived from: mudemi [by reduplication] you to him. 2. climb from one tree to PNCV: *dodomi [re-demi] another (without coming back down to the ground). Naravoka en iii tiiinau va en redem silati [tr] think of; just remember. tiim un. I climbed straightfrom one treeto Naredem silat tirausis onak . I've just another. In south: davoka [tavokaa] remembered my shorts. [re-demi silati] 124 redem [tr] think about; think of. Keil canoe which he called a tarivat. 4. clear (of aredemiavit "M eatin vit vahftaen poal, ka bush). Merei outenek vi out ten aman. We hehfta". They thought "If anybody wants to cleared the place to become the airfield. 5. go down to the creek, they can go". Variant exchange money and end up with less than of: muredemi. Derived from: mudemi the original amount in vatu. Maneteno ut [by reduplication] [re-demi] Ostrelia mulamunaro reitei. Australian currency never used to be worth less than redemien [n] thought; idea; opinion. the vatu. 6. discount price. 7 . [of bird] peck Redemien onen muris en avong keke vi food. 8. squeeze lice on fingernail. 9. [of havivi navong les titiehon keil amulamu kul bird] give warning about. A si rei uft. The en atas. His thoughts went back to when he kingfisher gave a warning about the was little when he saw the children octopus. In south: dai. See: ca- PNCV: swimming in the sea. Derived from: redem *taRa'i [tei] rei vatin bow one's head rei [re-demi -ene] meten look sideways without moving one's head rei heivis play game to guess rehlati [tr] (n) cut out; cut off. A kur tesav which pile of sand contains the hidden mai, eheinar vo munak nareh liit hilion stone or the seed rei avong settle on a evus, ka amusou ka amciru mules vite time. A rei avong vasuval visuvongik 'wuuu wuuu' . They would bring another luvatetalihe. They settled on a time so that and I would cut the foreskin off and then the next day the two of them would get they would sing and the conch shell could married. go 'wuuu wuuu'. See: rehei. In south: deh lati [tehe laati] rei kati [tr] (n) roll onto. Teiai rei kat meatin ta. The log rolled onto somebody. reh vasi [tr] (n) slice through. N ikur votel Derived from: reini. In south : dei kati [tei hemai niteh viishili ven vuas eni. I will kati] bring a piece of glass and slice through the pig skin with it. See: rehei. In south: deh rei keke [tr] (n) [of coconut tree] grow at vasi [tehe vaasi] an angle. Inaumaheoun matou koan rei kekes. I will just climb the coconut tree that reba [n] whitewood (Alphitonia is growing at an angle. In south: dei keke zizphoides) [rehaa] [tei keekee] rehei [tr] (n) 1. cut. Nareheinau en voitin. rei kot [tr] (n) lie crosswise. Ai tiii maru I've cut myself on an empty tin. 2. slice. mftarei mfta re i kot en sise. A treefe ll Kiteh veret en titiau. Slice the bread with a down across the road. In south: dei kot knife. 3. circumcise. Kosa iteh ehon kefl. [tei koto] The boys will be circumcised today. Synonym: muasi. 4. row canoe crosswise rei lati [tr] (n) put canoe out to sea. In into wave to avoid tipping over. In south: south: dei lati [tei laati] dehei. See: rehteh [reduplicated form] PNCV: *teve [tehe] reilil [intr] (n) 1. spin. 2. take indirect course (rather than going directly to a rehreh [n] (n) green coconut which is just place). In south: dailil PNCV: *daIi go beginning to develop flesh inside, but around [teiliili] which still has water that is un sweet. In south: rehireh [rehi-rehi] reililini [tr] (n) spin. Rolesf keke eang muh katutiuho uh keil ka re lilinf mot va rehteh [intr] (n) cut. In south: deheteh. netan. We can see that the wind blows on Derived from: rehei [by reduplication] the whitewood seeds and it spins them [tehe-tehe ] down to the ground. In south: daililini [ teiliilini] rei [tr] (n) 1. chop. 2. cut. 3. cut down. Va re i ahis muti vi vakili, sil isen 'tarivat' . He reini1 [tr] (n) 1. throw down. Tovuli cut down a banana plant and made it into a musah koteh iii, re in keilu lumul. The old 125 woman chopped the tree offand threw the when the breadfruitswere bearing a lot of two of them down. 2. put pudding into fruit. 2. [of fruit] in season. Navonginek earth oven. A rein aiok munahang. They put eas mul rekou. At that time, the chestnuts the pudding in to cook. In south: deini [tei were in season. In south: dekau [tekou] ni] rekou2 [intr] (n) [of fire] spread to reini2 [tr] (n) roll up. Narein silvon. I something else. A hang rekou en avet ten rolled up the mat. In south: deini. See: matou. The fIrehas spread to the copra reitei [reduplicated form] [tei-ni] drier. In south: dekau [tekou] reini3 [tr] (n) tear. Manon kur ton oha ta rekou3 [intr] (n) 1. save oneself; shelter. mot viirei vfta rein ala ten vakili. The flying M eatin ttii rekou en teiai keke sesaiva enout fox dropped the breadfruit seed and it tore Lfman. One man saved himself with a log the canoe sail. Synonym: rali. In south: that floated to Epi. 2. [of bird or flyingfo x] daini [tei-ni] alight; settle. Synonym: mutini. In south: de kau [tekou] reingeing [intr] (n) ignorant. Tata onen sel mini vit kei reingeing vtlreis, rokileatei vtlrei rekouni [refl] (n) 1. seek protection from tounah. His father told him off saying that something. K ei maire kouni enau.He came he was very ignorant and that he knew seeking my protection. 2. shelter behind; nothing at all. In south: daingeing hide behind. Kei va re kouni en vatias taoHe [teingeinge] went and hid behind a chestnut tree. In south: dekauni. Derived from: rekou reingeingeni [tr] (n) not know. Kei [tekou-ni] redem v is ka reingeingeni asasakini mukok. He thought, but didn't know what rei vasi [tr] (n) split pandanus leaves was doing that. In south: daingeingeni along middle for weaving. See: relei. In [teingeinge-ni] south: del vasi [tele vaasi] reitei [intr] (n) 1. roll. A touli vise mama relei [tr] (n) 1. cut away coconut leaf from onen, arnot mulre itei maio The girl called midribs to make broom. 2. cut pandanus her mother and the snake rolled over. 2. [of leaves into very thin strips for weaving. In wave] approach. Tahe ta reitei mlta vouvul south: delei [tele] eilohten keitel. A wave was approaching and it was about to break the outrigger rem kononi [tr] (n) choke on. Sai rem poles. In south: deitei. Derived from: konon sIn mesau tao Sai choked on a fIsh reini [by reduplication] [tei-tei] bone. See: remi. In south: delem kononi [teemi kono-ni] rekau [n] (s) 1. butterfly. 2. moth. Synonym: madeka. In north: vatiteka remmauni [tr] (n) swallow without [rekau] chewing. Leirum rum mils vftin vuas,muloh mai, vina kuri, rem mauni. The whale smelt rekeini [tr] (n) 1. hang something on the pig's intestines and came over, took it something. K ei rekein tata onen mul en and swallowed it without chewing it. See: asiveak tao He hung his axe on a branch of remi. In south: delem mauni [teemi mau the veaktree. 2. blame something on nil someone; accuse. Vaitirto unah ta nakula ka anatekein fr eni. What if something happens rema [intr] (n) lukewarm (from standing in to him and they blame us for it? Variant of: sun). Oai rema, maromudei. The water is ralekeini. In south: dekaini [tekai-ni] lukewarm, I don't want to drink it. In south: dema [temaa] rekou1 [intr] (n) 1. bear fruit. Unu keil auva Tavulai en avong keke veta re kou remal kati [tr] (n) stick something to houlu. Theunu went to Tavulai at a time something. See: remali. In south: demal kati [temali kati] 126

rernali [tr] (n) stick to. Synonym: pi liti. retaleh [intr] (n) carry garden produce In south: demaJi. See: reternal slung over back. A hin onak kei retaleh ka [reduplicated form] [temali] atouli tiikei kur kattounah keil koanimun. My wife carried the garden produce on her remi [tr] (n) swallow. In south: delemi back, and one of our daughters carried PNCV: *dolomi [teemi] some other things. In south: detaleh. Derived from: raleha [by reduplication] ren [suff] 1. voice. Namul navisehis ka [te-talehe] meatinkeil arolongtei rek. I was calling out, but the people couldn't hear my voice. 2. retali [intr] (n) hold onto with hands. opinion PNCV: *daIe?o [ree-] san ren Konatetalftei! Do it without holding on! In shout rO en ren do what is said; do as one south: detali [tetalii] is told. Keil aro en reno They did what they were told. retalihe [intr] (n) 1. shake hands. Amai kitetalihe min asuv. Come and shake hands rengareng [n] calf of leg [renga-renge] with the chief. 2. get married. A vati hevus nitetalihe. I will be getting married at the rerali [n] kind of are tree [reralii] end of the month. 3. be married. K eik koretalihe tai, vuo? Are you married yet? In reramusi [tr] lick. Derived from: ramusi south : detal ihel. See: retali; ahe [by reduplication] [re-ramusi] [tetalihee]

rere [desc] ready. Kihf rere! Get ready! retalini [tr] (n) 1. hold in hands. 2. carry Synonym: sak mese. Bislama: rere [reree] in hands. 3. lead by hand. In south: detalini. Derived from: retali [tetalii-ni] rere may [n] (n) kind of bird. In south: redel may [reree maavi] retangosa [intr] (n) 1. reach top after climbing (in large numbers). Meatin keil rereite [link] (n) young unfurled leaf are tangosa. The people all reached the top. rereouha unfurled pudding leaf. In south: 2. surface from diving. Derived from: haredeite [rere-] rangosa [by reduplication] [te-tangosaa]

reretakul [n] (n) kind of small brown or retasiI [intr] (n) 1. separate all over. 2. black fish usually found around rocks. In disperse in all differe nt directions. south: sin takul. Derived from: rereite; Synonym: ratasil. In south: detiisil. takul [rere-takule] Derived from: rasiI [by reduplication] [te-taasili] rerou [n] (n) wild nutmeg (Myristicafatua) Variant of: irou. In south: idou [rerou] retavul [intr] (n) [of hair] stand up straight. Hilin re tavul vina nesa. His hair resa [n] 1. razor. 2. razor blade. Bislama: was standing up straight. In south: detavul resa [reesaa] [tetavule]

resi [tr] (n) pick stem from fruit. Em vati retei [tr] (n) put down leaves for making am veta vamel, kites aro eite. If you want pudding. Kei piise/aouha via munak evus, your breadfruit to be soft, pick the stem ka lahi viisuk ro re tei. He removed the from the fruit. In south: desi [tesi] stems from the pudding leaves and then put them down for the pudding. In south: detei retaeng [sintr] quiet. Derived from: raeng [tetei] [by reduplication]. In south: retalong [re taengoJ retel [sintr] three. See: hongretel. Derived from: etel [by reduplication] retal [nJ (n) kind of vine with thorns [re-telu] which grows near sea. In south: detal (retali1 127 retemal [intr] (n) sticky. Synonym: vipil; ridfmi [str] go under. Sak muridun vakili vipiIit In south: detemal. Derived from: onak. The shark hit my canoe, sinking it. remaIi [by reduplication] [te-temali] [riduu-ni] retengeiril [intr] (n) kneel. In south: rie [tr] (n) point to. Out kave narie minuk detengairil [tetengeirilu] reheha ekok, rova. Wherever I point to you that we should go, we go there. In south: retoh[intr ] (n) 1. estimate; guess. 2. make die [tie] fun. In south: detoh [tetoho] rieni [tr] (n) show. Rieni min tiitaonen vit: reloun [intr] (n) 1. stroll; wander around. Tiita, oreliaman keiteluk. He showed his Kovahiive? Vuo, naretounus mukok. father and said: Father, here are the bird's Where are you going? Nowhere, I'm just eggs. In south: dieni [tie-nil wandering around.2. play. Ehon keilu lumul lulah onealutounah keil tatetounuen. ril [sintr] . See: muI ril; kis ril The two boys were gathering their things Reduplicated form: riril[rilu] for playing with. 3. slowly. Kei mual retoun en poal. He was walking slowly rili [tr] (n) 1. prick. 2. inject; give injection along the gully. In south: detaun. Derived to. [n/rk kosa en hospital. You will get an from: roun [by reduplication]. See: tetoun injection todayin the hospital. 3. sew; sew [te-tounu] up. 4. thread leaves together to put food on. Velet tovuo, ariliouais. As there were no retovoai [intr] (n) ignore. In south: plates, they just threaded some leaves detovoai. See: tetovoai [tetovoai] together. In south: dill. See: ritili [reduplicated form] [tilii] retovoaini [tr] (n) 1. ignore request or instruction. Kihiteni mini namiitei, munak rili kati [refl] (n) [of pig's tusk] make one hetetovoaini hema, kuasi hemat. Tell him he complete tum. M ihekur vuas, fohon koan shouldn't come up and if he ignores it, kill hetili kati hemukok. Bring a pig with a tusk him. 2. answer back. 3. not be serious that has made a complete tum like this. See: about something. In south: detovoaini. rill. In south: dili kati [tilii kati] Derived from: retovoai [tetovoai-ni] rili Iumlum [intr] (n) 1. [of something retiin [intr] (n) chat habitually. Derived woven] come apart. Piim tenvakil i maseh from: riin [by reduplication]. In south: ka sakiniala rili fumlum. The boom of the detfm [te-tuunu] canoe split, causing the sail to come apart. 2. [of cloth] ladder. See: rili. In south: dili ..eva [n] river. Synonym: oai houIu. lunmlum [tilii lumu-Iumu] Bislama: reva [reevaa] riIi sosorineni [tr] (n) sew together. See: revil [mod] 1. properly. 2. well and truly. rill. In south: dili sosorineni [tili soo Synonym: viIai [reviie] soorineni] revi2 [str] do properly. Synonym: vitai. rilini [tr] (n) stick in. In south: dilini See: mfnn revi [revii] [tiliini] rt [tr] (n) pull on vine to break it. In south: rtmatou [n] (n) squeezed coconut milk. In di [tii] rt meten pay back death with south: dimatou. Derived from: rtte; another death rt kes metenpay back malou [rii-matou] death with another death. A rfkes mete. They paid back their deaths. rimi [tr] 1. suck through straw or pawpaw stem. Narim oai en eisedero. I sucked the ridingi [str] safe. Kei ling riding mane water through a pawpaw stem. 2. practise onen mules teim . He kept his money safe at fe llatio on. See: rimrim [reduplicated home. [ridigini] form] [rimi] 128 rinuim [intr] (n) suck through straw or riou2 [n] (s) hermit crab (Coenobitidae). pawpaw stem. In south: rimirim Derived In north: ato [riou] from: rimi [by reduplication] [rimi-riroi] riou3 [desc] fidgetty [riou] lin [suff] hip. Synonym: vatihoran [rii-] riou isis [n] kind of hermit crab which is rini [tr] (n) 1. roast over fire (of vegetable very small and which is active during the food). A his koanmen tai, tovuli rini, kani. day [riou isi-isi] The old woman roasted the ripe bananas and ate them. 2. [of sun] bum fruit. Meteai riou holauai [n] (s) coconut crab (Birgus muL rinheiai keil muL vepe. The sun was Latro). In north : riou [riou holauai] burningthe fruit so they were all burnt. 3. scald pig sIGn to remove hair before ririga [n] IGnd of banana [ririgaa] cooking. 4. boil water. A rin oai mutin nauvasuk namukuLeni. They boiled some riril Only in meteriril; angriri!. See: ril hot water and I went and had a wash with [ririlu] it. In south: dini PNCV: *tunu [tini] rim [n] (n) native cucumber; gourd. In rinu en] IGnd of sweet potato [rinue] south: idu [riruu] ling [n] ring. Bislama: ring [riingi] ris [intr] (s) return; come back. Niris nfmai. I will come back. Variant of: dis. In north: ringkati [tr] (n) 1. prop up with blocks moos [risi] (e.g. of post in hole, canoe being fitted with outrigger). 2. hold canoe steady in sea with Iisi [tr] (n) weave edges of mat to prevent paddle. Metiilo vite "K eik, mehesak mese", fraying. In south: dIsi [tiisi] komai vasf mering kaJvakili. The European said "On your marks, get ready", and we all lit [intr] read. Kei re ingeingeni vadt.He held our canoes steady. 3. [of sea] drag in doesn't know how to read. Bislama: rid opposite direction fromwhere one wants to [riiti] go. Atas ring kaJ komaitel metvaha Lovu vuol Niin. The sea was dragging us away lite [link] (n) 1. sap. riai sap from tree. towards Malakula or Ambrym. [tingi kati] Synonym: toeite. 2. juice; gravy. Namun riv uas, namuni va namun vasf. I drank the ring koe [tr] (n) protect. In south: ding gravy from the pork until I had drunk the kole [ting koe] lot. In south: dIte [rii-] ringai [intr] (n) lean back while sitting. In Iitil [tr] (n) distribute; share out. In south: south: dingai [tingai] dIti[tiitii] rioUiti [tr] (n) push out. See: rioni. In Iiti2 [str] do individually. A v isis ritf veta south: diolati [tio-Iaati] va teahui. They wrapped up the breadfruit in individual parcels untilthere were many. riokati [tr] (n) push hard. See: rioni. In [riitii] south: diokati [tio-kati] ritil [intr] (n) 1. pierce. 2. [of pain] sharp; rioleini [tr] (n) push out all over. See: piercing. Naraengonimiih ritil. I fe lt a rioni. In south: dioleini [tio-Iei-ni] piercing pain. In south: ditil PNCV: *turi sew [titilu] rioni [tr] (n) push. In south: dioni PNCV: *tiqoni [tio-ni] ritil koe [tr] (n) make fence around something with small sticks. A Lah titilii keil rioul [n] (n) coconutcrab (Birgus latro). antilkoe utimelen. They got some little In south: riou holauai [riou] sticks to make a fence around the 129

watermelon seeds. In south: ditil kole rivriv kati [tr] (n) scatter over. Kiisis, [titilu koe] sokoite rivriv kati.The remains of the cassia scattered all over him. In south: ritili [tr] (n) prick all over. Derived from: diviriv kati [tivi-rivi kati] rili [by reduplication]. In south: ditili [ti tilii] rO [intr] (n) 1. stay. Naroroteimun Malapoa. I'm not staying at Malapoa any ritiIihil [intr] (n) shake water from hair or more. 2. live. Keik koro ven isei? Who are feathers. Vasirv fta mukul en kulmeakoien you living with? Synonym: matil. 3. [of onen holholiveta ka ritilihil. The honeyeater canoe] run aground. Vakili ro en amai. The washed in the flycatcher's dye and shook canoe ran aground on the reef. Synonym: out his feathers. Variant of: mutilihil. See: mul. See: eito. In south: do PNCV: ahil [tilihilu] *toko [too] rO en ren obey.

ritini [tr] (n) dazzle; shine light in eyes. rO aiou [intr] (n) euph. menstruate; have Naritinmet om. I dazzled you. In south: one's period. Synoym: mesai. In south: do ditini [titini] a1au [too aiou]

lito [intr] (n) look back. Synonym: sei rO hatetamen [intr] (n) act tougher than tau; lele tau. In south: dito [tiitoo] one really is. In south: do hatetamen [too hatetamene] rivasi [tr] (n) 1. pierce coconut at eye. 2. open tin (of soft drink,beer etc). Jam es rO kati [tr] (n) 1. stand on. K ei mul vilei rivasvoini polisman keil aro amuni. James ahang, ahinali mu/ ro katm. While he was opened a beer and the policemen drank it. making the fIre,his sister stood on the log. In south: divasi [tivasi] 2. sit on. In south: dO kati [too kati]

liveta [n] (n) name of pattern in weaving rO keka [intr] (n) sit apart. Keil auvii mats. In south: diveta.Derived from: rUe; niimalaro keka. When they went into the veta [dii-vetaa] meeting house, they sat apart. In south: dO keka [too ke-kaa] rivi rasilini [tr] (n) scatter; throw all about. See: rivini. In south: divi rasilini rO keke [intr] (n) slouch; sit crookedly. [tivii raasilii-ni] N aro keke en sea. I slouched in the chair. In south: do keke [too keekee] rivi ruaini [tr] (n) throw in a heap. Mul munu en angoiah lahi mai, mul rivi ruaini. rO kilau [intr] (n) sit in unrelaxed position He dived for coral and brought it back and (so that one is in danger of farting). In threw it in a heap. See: rivini. In south: south: do kHau [too kiilau] divi ruani [tivii ruai-ni] rO kilini [tr] (n) [of canoe] touch beach rivini [tr] (n) 1. throw down. 2. scatter all after coming in from sea. Vakili onen mai about. 3. unload cargo. 4. discharge mai maivo ro kilfn veien. His canoe came passengers. Sfv lah komai vo rivfn komai until it eventually touched the beach. In enout Vila. The ship brought us and south: do kilini [too kiliini] unloaded us at Vila. Synonym: kouni; kou Hiti. In south: divini [tivii-ni] rO kisi [intr] (n) sit with testicles showing. Nales ehon tiii mu/ ro kisi. I can see that rivriv [intr] (n) fall down and scatter (e.g. one of the boys has his testicles showing. leaves from a tree). Kei votfn vatihoai tiii, Synonym: makis. In south: dO kisi [too lesi out netan heite rivriv mai netan houlu. kisii] He found a sea almond tree and saw that many fruit had fallen to the ground around rO koe [tr] (n) block up. Hilfven vuas ro it. In south: diviriv. Derived from: rivi koe uruvoten. The pig skin was blocking [tivi-rivi] up his anus. In south: dO kole [too koe] 130

rO kokeni [tr] (n) 1. wait for. Haua woman sang a lullaby to the baby to keep it vahisemok ke noro kokeni tai? How many quiet. Synonym: rO mat. In south: do hours have I been waiting already? ralong [too raengo] Synonym: rO leleni; rO sini. 2. watch over tree waitingfor fruitto ripen. Meatin rO s3sani [tr] (n) stay in wait for. ta ro koken vatfnga sen ta. The man waited M eatinek vit heto siisiini helesi asa hemai for his native almonds to ripen. 3. rear hesien vakili onen ka houasi. The man said adopted child. In south: do kokoloni he would stay in wait to see what came and [too kokeeni] filled up his canoe, and he would kill it. In south: dO sasani [too saa-saa-ni] rO kot [intr] (n) lie across. Asiluh ahang ason iiiro kot, ka aviteni minau avitnf ha rO Sini [tr] (n) wait for. Kosa lonamatiltei, nimatilien. They lit a rIT e and threw a piece Lehto sfn PapaNoel hemai. Let's not go to of wood across it and told me to go and sleep today, let's wait for Father Christmas sleep by it. Synoym: roul kot. In south: to come. Synonym: rO kokeni; rO leleni. dO kot [too koto] In south: do sini [too siini]

rO kus [intr] (n) hide. Visuvong nito kus rO suai [intr] (n) hide. M eatin vahit vaha nilesi. Tomorrow I will hide and watch it. tauveieh, sak ras vato suai. If anyone Synonym: rO suai. In south: do kus [too wanted to go to the toilet, there was kusu] nowhere to hide. Synonym: rO kus. In south: do suai [too suai] rO laklak [intr] (n) totter. Kitokoli heM havivis, ro laklak kenek. When you just rO tau [intr] (n) 1. steer canoe.Isei heto touch it a bit, it totters as if it is about to fall. tau? Who will steer? 2. occupyrear seat in Synonym: roul laklak. In south: do canoe. In south: dO tau [too tau] lakilak [too laki-laki] rO tavoiai [intr] (n) bored from staying rO Hiti [tr] (n) outlast; stay longer than. home all the time. In south: dO Lehto katteiahis en atas, nita lOtuk. Let's sit tavoial [too tavoiai] on the banana stem in the sea and I will stay on longer than you. In south: do Hiti rO usili [tr] (n) stay nearby; stay with. [too laati] Nason haknaro usili vis ka tounah tovuol vatokoli. I cast the line and stayed with it, rO lei [intr] (n) sit with legs apart in but nothing touched it. Synonym: nBJl relaxed position. In south: do lei [too lei] usili. In south: do usili [too usili]

rO lele [intr] (n) wait. In south: do lele rO velavel [intr] (n) 1. stand at an angle; [toolee-lee] lean. Eang muh vatiai, ro velavel tai. The wind blew the tree and it is leaning over. 2. rO leleni [tr] (n) wait for. M eatin keil hang limp. Helahel reh koteh hek, hek mul tenout Tahi av ite ito lelenfmauveni keke tai ro velavel vfta. The coral had cut through amuas asuv tenout Tahi. The people of Tahi my leg and my leg was just hanging down said they would wait for it for a while, limp. In south: dO velavel [too vela-vele] because the chief of Tahi had been killed. Synonym: rO kokeni; rO sini. In south: rO vipil [intr] (n) 1. close together. 2. dO leleni [too lee-lee-nil gather; meet in one place. In south: dO vipil [too vi-pilu] rO mat [intr] (n) quiet. Kito mat, konaisteimun. Be quiet, don't cry any more. rO vivirilu [intr] (n) mixed up. A suv Synonym: rO raeng. In south: do mat viteni min meatin keil ito vivirilUs.The [too mate] chief told the people that they should sit all mixed up (and not in their own groups). In rO raeng [intr] (n) quiet. Tovuli mul south: do vivirilu [too viviriluu] mulelon tfvava vosakini vato raeng. The old 131 ro voteni [tr] (n) expect. A vouasinau vuo rohoni2 [str] start. See: sak rohoni kekave, narokiletei, inaumun naro voten [roho-ni] tounah vasf. I didn't know if they would kill me or what, I was expecting anything. In rohroh [intr] (n) drip. Oai ro hrohva en south: do voteni [too voteni] paket. The water is dripping into a bucket. In south: rohoroh [roho-roho] rodan [intr] (n) 1. sit. 2. be seated. 3. [of plane] land. Amon keil amulesuk arOdan rohtohl [intr] (n) joke. A mul amun voini noutenek. Then the planes would land aro htoh houlu. People drinking beer joke a there. Variantof: rotan. In south: dOdan. lot. In south: dohotoh [toho-toho] Derived from: ro; dan [too-dano] rohtoh2 [sintr] (n) do for the firsttime. roh varuaini [tr] gulp down all at once. Namfta ro htoh enout Vown en 1976 . I first Meatin tei keil amunoai aro h viiruainies. came to Paama in 1976. In south: rohotoh Some people when they drink: water they [roho-toho] gulp it all at once. See: rohi [roohi vaaruaini] rohtohonil [tr] (n) joke about. Mul ro htohoni min tunali vit 'Tahos keke ensin roha [intr] (n) 1. [of something held tight] onom tfsd'. He was joking about it to his released. Veiisenro ha eris. His jaw opened brother saying "It's goodthat your engine again (after having been clamped shut). 2. has broken down". In south: dohotohoni. [of sun] rise. Meteai ro ha. The sun rose. Derived from: rohtoh [toho-toho-ni] Synonym: mea; rna; rangosa 3. [of moon] full. A vati roha. The moon is full. rohtohoni2 [str] (n) do for the first time. Synomym mu. 4. sprout. Vatiiii ro ha. The Derived from: rohtoh. In south: tree sprouted. In south: doha. See: rohotohoni [roho-toho-ni] rohatoha [reduplicated form] [tohaa] rokaviten [n] kind of yam with triangular [sintr] Only in [roohaa] roha viteai roha shaped tuber [rookavitene] rohatoha [intr] (n) rain with sun breaking rokol kati [trl (n) 1. pat down soil around through clouds. Synonym: rohatoha something that has been planted. M eteitan maem. Derived from: roha [by kitokol kati hehf eim onen vulimau. You reduplication]. In south: dohatoha [toha should pat down the mound around the big tohaa] yam to be its home. 2. bless. Synonym: rokol lati. See: rokoIi. In south: dokol rohatoha maem [intr] (n) rain with sun kati [tokoli kati] breaking through clouds. In south: dohatoha malem [toha-tohaa maeme] rokol lati [tr] (n) bless. Synonym: rokol kati . See: rokoIi. In south: dokol lati rohil [tr] slurp; gulp; drink: noisily. See: [tokoli laati] roroh [reduplicated form] PNCV: *sorovi pig-like noise [roohi] rokol merauni [tr] (n) touch gently. See: rokoli. In south: dokol merauni [tokoli rohi2 [refl] [of canoe] take in water. Vakili merau-ni] varohi, kisehen atas. If the canoetakes in water, bail it out. [roo hi] rokoli [tr] (n) 1. touch. 2. feel with hands 3. reach; go as far as. A vit usili va va va rohonil [tr] (n) exaggerate about. K ei ro kol asuv houLute nout Takeas. They ro honi vit siik marfte. He exaggerated about talked about it until eventually news the size of the shark. In south: dohoni reached the chief at Takeas. 4. arrive at. [tohoni] N amuloh nauva nauvavo narokol out V utekai. I went until eventually I arrived at Vutekai. 5. [of fish] take bait. Nason hak 132 ka tounah tovuol vatokoli. I cast the line, roroh [intr] slurp; gulp; drink noisily. but nothing would take the bait. 6. until. Derived from:rohi [by reduplication] Nasak nasak nasak va vo rokol vongien, ka [roo-roohi] naraengoni keke vatisfk keilu maimai. I kept on trying until night-time, and I fe lt that my rotan [intr] (n) 1. sit. 2. be seated 3. [of shoulders were stiff. In south: dokoIi plane] land. Variantof: rodan. In south: PNCV: *takali [tokoli] dotan. Derived from: ro; atan [too-tano] roma [n] kind of tree.A kanheiai ta mul en rotornokou [intr] (n) do something in vaitehmeatel, iiinek avise en rom a. They ate roughshod manner. In south: dotornokou the fruitof a tree called roma that was near [tootomokou] the door of the house. [romaa] rotornokouni [tr] (n) 1. make image of romalmal [n] (n) kind of vine. In south: something. 2. do in roughshod manner. In romalumal [romalu-malu] south: dotomokouni [tootomokou-ni] romano [n] potato yam. Synonym: tomah rou konakon [intr] (n) do hurriedly and [romanoo] without proper attention. K ei roukonakon visfs vakili tiim un. He hurriedly made romarom [n] 1. tip of something. 2. end of another canoe. In south: dau konakon story. See: arom [roma-rome] [tou kona-kone] romeite [link] top. Asu vina vo ro en rou lab [intr] (n) hUrry. Marata vina V[/a romeite. The rat went up until it was at the rorou lahtei vamfta. The Marata went to top of the tree. [rome-] Vila but it didn't hurry back. In south: dau lab [tou lahi] romu [intr] (n) occupyfront seatin canoe. In south: domu. Derived from: ro PNCV: roull [n] (n) kind of yam with hard flesh. *mu?a in front [too-mue] In south: raul [roule] romul [n] kind of shellfish [romule] roul2 [n] (n) kind of breadfruit. In south: raul [roule] ronat [intr] (n) look after child; baby-sit. Keik kitonaten M ahit teim . You will look roun [intr] (n) slow. Mfs kei roun en after Mahit at home. In south: donat selasien onak, roviitei vahit lahini min [toonatu] tovuli onak.The missionary was slow with my message, he didn't tell it to my wife on rongiva [n] mat made out of coconut time. In south: daun. See: retoun fronds with two halves joined together. [reduplicated form] [tounu] Synonym: rongmaeh. See: arong [rongi vaal rousa [intr] (n) very good.Inau tounah tiili onak, moreite vareis, ro usa! Oh what a nice rongmaeh [n] (n) mat made out of thing I've got, it's very good. In south: coconutfro nds with two halves joined dausa [tousaa] together. Synonym: rongiva. In south: rongmaleh. Derived from: arong; maeh routouai [intr] (n) [of people] grow up. [rongi-maehe] Taso routouai kiilahis. Taso is growing up quickly. In south: dautauai [toutouai] rongtoman [n] mat made out of coconut fronds with only one side. Derived from: rovak [intr] (n) hook out with hooked arong; toman [rongi-tomane] stick. See: eitovak. In south: dovak [tovaki ] rorat [n] kind of ants which are black and which do not bite [roorato] rovak liiti [tr] (n) hook out with hooked stick. In south: dovak liiti [tovaki laati] 133 rovakini [tr] (n) hook with hooked stick. until it dug it out and it fell into the sea. A rovakin ani.They hooked the coconuts. [rua-rue] In south: dovakini [tovaki-ni] ruel [tr] uproot tree. Ame keil arue vatiiii tii rOvat [intr] (n) 1. stand upright while stuck en iih sen A vok. The men uprooted a tree in in ground. Nave sOu navfta, eau vita rovat, Avok's garden. [rue] vesesal vateheinau. I slid down with the knife sticking upright in the ground, and it me2 [str] knock over. Asu katnte vatiiii. nearly cut me. 2. [of shot or blow] hit. The rat chewed at the tree, knocking it over. Nalehei vo rovatUen. I took aim and scored See: rarue [rue] a hit. Synonym: pO; so; rasil. In south: dOvat [too-vatu] rue Hiti [tr] uproot [rue laati] rovoi [tr] (n) make trainersfor yam vines. rue leini [tr] uproot and strew about. K eilu lurovoivo avong ten ouh keke mal M armariiiikeilek angu me leini. The avail leini. They made trainers until the time hurricane uprooted all the big trees and for the yams was right to dig them out. In strew them about. [rue lei-nil south: dovoi. See: rovtov [reduplicated form] [tovoi] rfIha [n] someone who removes dead bodiesfrom graveand eats them [ruuhaa] rovov [intr] (n) 1. blistered. K ilestei out koanahang kani ro vov vareis. You can see rukul [intr] (n) 1. [of yam vine] cover yam that the place where the fIreburnt me is stake. 2. [of vine] climb over trunkof tree blistered. 2. suffer fromsickness which 3. [of yams] grow well. In south: dukul causes many boils. In south: davuov [tukuli] [tovovo] rum [sintr] see reflection. See: lele rum; rovrovono [intr] (n) [of newly formed rumrum PNCV: *dumwa pool [rumu] leaf] soft. Outenek rorovrovonOteimun. That new leaf is no longer soft. In south: rUm [n] 1. room of house. 2. room which rovorovono [rovo-rovonoo] one rents. lnau nakurrUm tiii. I have rented a room. 3. bedroom (rather than any other rovtov [intr] (n) make trainers for yam room of a house). Eim mom rUm ehis? vines. Makivinii tainiih mul rovtov. Maki How many bedrooms does your house has already gone to the garden to make have? Bislama: ntm [ruumu] trainers for the yam vines. In south: dovotov. Derived from: rovoi [by rumimatou [n] fIrst cuts in canoe. Kei reduplication] [tovo-tovo] mudemi vit: NiUng varein ntmimatou vis nfha teim . He thought he would just put in rU [of body part] large Only in: meteru; the fIrst cuts of the canoe and then go vangeru; oro; vileru [ruu] home. Synonym: rumite. Derived from: rumite; matou [rumi-matou] mai [sintr] go together. Kei mul lah ruai min ehon keil tenout Nou. He hangs around rumite [link] 1. fIrstcuts in canoe. M eatin with the boys from Nou. See: mOm mai tii reiiii tii, riikotehei evus ling ntmfte [ruai] mulen. The man chopped down a tree, cut it in half and put the fIrst cuts into it. maini [str] put together. Amul asontain Synonym: rumimatou. 2. water in fork in matou. They heaped the coconuts up. tree.M iigo koanik, ntmfte mulen. This Derived from: ruai [ruai-ni] mango has water in a fork in its branches. [rumi-] ruaru [n] surf; breaking waves. A hu san ntaruesuk mai vina mul kil eai, kili vo kil rumrom [n] (s) pool. Only in oai lOO, lapo viien atas. The turtle sent the rumrum; tanoa rumrum; waves ashore to dig at the casuarina tree 134

metarumrum. See: -rum. In south: rutuva [tr] (n) shoot (in large numbers). rumurum [rumu-rumu] Ulmatu keil amularutuva. The old men were all shooting it. Derived from: ruva rumuni [str] see reflection. See: lerumuni [by reduplication] [tu-tuvo] [rumu-ni] ruv [n] kind of breadfruit which has run [intr] (n) [of coconut] develop bubble long fruit (and which is only found on in flesh (where burnt on outside by sun). In northern end of Paama) [ruve] south: dun [tunu] ruv kareni [tr] (n) shoot to pieces (so it rfm [intr] (n) 1. chat. 2. tell stories; yarn. is no longer edible). Kei ruv karen aman. Inau namulvarei narunkeih, veni hesakini He shot the bird so that it could no meatin keil iromurangtei. I just kept yarning longer be eaten. See: ruvaIn south: duv because that would make it so the people kareni [tuvo kaareni] wouldn't cry. In south: dfm. See: retun [reduplicated form] PNCV: *tukun- story ruv kisi [tr] (n) shoot through [tuunu] something. Kei ruv kis meten aman. He shot the bird through the eye. See: ruva rupan1 [intr] (n) 1. smoky. A hang mul In south: duv kisi [tuvo kisi] rupan varei. The fireis very smoky. 2. [of something burning] put out smoke. Out ruv kisriluni [tr] (n) shoot through Ulveah rupan mai vo ro kol out Voum . small space with limited vision. Naruv Lopevi put out smoke all the way to Paama. kisrilun aman, poen.I shot at a bird Synonym: rupas; vituv 3. smoke through a small space and hit it. See: cigarette. Keik kororupadei? Don't you ruva. In south: duv kisiriluni [tuvo smoke? In south: dupan [tupanu] kisirilu-ni]

rupan2 [intr] (n) disperse quickly (as of ruv Hiti [tr] (n) 1. shoot to remove school of fish when startled). A ruv lein me something. Inau nituv liiImav keitel ran Taha] nesa, arup aneni varei. The people tav oimatou. I will shootthe lizards away from Tahal Nesa were being shot at all over from the trunk of the coconut tree. 2. fire the place, and people dispersed very arrow. Hanoali ruv liiIvar ein vatuei, quickly. In south: dupan [tupanu] titamol mule muiii. The man fired the arrow and the lisefsef cried. See: ruva. rupas [intr] (n) 1. smoky. 2. [of something In south: duv lati [tuvo laati] burning] put out smoke. Inau nales out Ulveah ahang rorupasteien. I can see that ruv vini [tr] (n) kill (with a shot). See: there is no smoke corning up from Lopevi. ruva. In south: duv vim [tuvo viniiJ Synonym: rupan; vituv. In south: dupas [tupasu] ruva[tr] (n) 1. shoot. Ehononek kuliiI hisuput onen vfta mul ruv ahin Lovu keil Jiiran [t] first thing in the morning after aiou. The boy picked up his bow and staying up all night [ruurane] went down to shoot crabs along the shore. 2. copulate with; have sexual ruruvek [n] (s) 1. puffer fish (Arothron intercourse with. Koruva vuo hispidus). In north: mudas. 2. penis that is kororuviiIei? Did you have intercourse accidentally exposed without the person with her or not? Synonym: veouni; knowing [ruruveke] muasi; mutemi ; rali kati . Tn south: duva. See: rutuva [reduplicated form] rutu [t] for a long time. Rorivfn veta vfta [tuvo] val tUtu vo rovite rovakurvf si roviini. We would put the breadfruit into the pit and it would stay there for a long time until we wanted to get it to taste it. [ruutuu] 135

- s - sak kalka1i [intr] 1. make a mistake. 2. transgress; do wrong. M eatin tei keil asak kalkali en henlien. Some people transgress l sa [intr] (s) [of stomach] full. Synonym: by stealing. [saki kali-kalii] laIa In north: musa [saa] sakkati [tr] 1. perform magic to protect 2 sa [intr] (s) 1. perch; roost. 2. sit on someone. 2. kill with sorcery [saki kati] canoe. 3. travel to live on another island. In north: musa[saa] sak kerati [tr] do something energetically [saki kerati] sa- [v] give. See: sam [saa] sak koe [tr] (n) 1. block up. 2. prohibit. 3. Sade [t] Sunday. Bislama: Sande [saadee] reserve newly born child as wife for one's son. 4. protect with sorcery. In south: sak sahsah [n] (n) tuber or breadfruit cut into kole [saki koe] slices for cooking. In south: sahesah [sahe-sahe] sak kotehei [tr] settle dispute. Rolonge ke kosa rosak koteh hatte kekek hehit hevus. sahsah kumal [n] (n) sweet potato cut We have heard today that this matter is into slices for making pudding. In south: settled for good. [saki kotehe] sahesah kumal [sahe-sahe] sak lati [tr] settle a dispute and then drag sahsah veta [n] (n) breadfruit cut into it out again [saki laati] slices for making pudding. In south: sahesah veta [sahe-sahe] sak leini [tr] settle problem. Uan onen muas vuas taka en hattenek, sak leini va sabula [tr] (n) wipe off. Nasahul vus.His brother-in-law killed a pig because vulingasuk. I wiped my nose. In south: of that matter to settle it. [saki lei-nil saluha [sahule] sak luvos [intr] trick; pretend. Kei mules sai l [intr] (s) look; glance. In north: sak luvos. He is just tricking. [saki luvosi] musei [sail sak tisa [intr] commit sin. K eilu lusak tisa. sai2 [sintr] (n) go away. In south: sal. See: The two of them have sinned. [saki tiisaa] loh sai . Reduplicated form sesai. [sail sak mese [intr] (n) prepare; get ready. saina [n] Chinese cabbage. Bislama: jaena Holholiveta r6 sakmese keke vaha vakul (from English China) [sainaa] meakoi. The flycatcherwas gettingready to dye himself. Synonym: rere. In south: sak saisaika [n] (s) very large kind of mesel [saki me see] sugarcane which grows very quickly and has green skin and white fibre. In south: sak meseni [tr] (n) prepare. Holholiveta viekai [saisaikaa] r6 sak mesen kulmeakoien onen ke vaha vakuluen. The flycatcher was preparing his sak [intr] do; act. Lusak lusak v6 lusak ras . dye to wash himself in. In south: sak They did it but in the end they couldn't meseleni [saki mesee-ni] manage. [saki] sakmini [tr] 1. treat (with traditional sak [n] shark. (This word of Bislama medicine). Ulmatu sak min tata onak en origin has almost completely replaced the oum keke orer mulamun. The old man original Paamese word vaIevol.) treated my father with our traditional Synonym: vaIevol; vatvopa. Bislama: medicine. Synonym: muasi. 2. deal with; sak [saaki] manage. Vuasik mul kanian en ah somaitel, metsak mini vis ka metsak rasi. The pig has been eating in our garden and we tried to 136 deal with it, but couldn't. 3. force. M etmo sak vilai [tr] fi x up. Synonym: sak revi keil mulamunamu l asak min keil va va v is [saki vilai] keke kosa fr rom ai rolonglong. The Europeans before used to force them, but sak visi [tr] 1. try. Nasak vfsi maluvosi today we have become aware. 4. take it out keke vosakini aven vakeih ke melvaha ut. I on something. Sak mules sak min vakili tried to trick him to give him strength so onak,kuv uni, kuvf hatte houlu. The shark that we could make it to the shore. 2. do for was taking it out on my canoe, it threw it up the ftrst time [saki viisi] and it shook it many times. [saki mini] sakalahini [tr] give quickly; send quickly. sak mOtaini [tr] 1. clean. 2. clear (of Siti vit voto onen keil keke viteni minuk bush). M e-Liro keil asak motainout kisakaIahini hemfta. Siti said that you Eitavoiai aling mfsisuk ro noutenek. The should quickly send the photographs that Liro people cleared the place called he told you about. Derived from: sao; Eitavoiai and set up the mission there. kalahini [saa-kaa-Iahi-ni] [saki mootai-ni] sakat [n] rat trap [saakati] sak ras [intr] 1. unable; impossible. Tovuli sak ras vosak veni veni asuv vfsi. The old sakesi [tr] (n) give back; return. In south: woman couldn't get angry about it because sakelesi. See: sa- [saa-keesi]. sakes the chief asked her for it. 2. not manage. seliisien reply; answer. Lusak lusak vo lusak ras . They kept on but in the end they couldn't manage. [saki rasi] sakien [n] 1. behaviour. 2. action. Derived from: sak [saki-ene] sak revi [tr] fix up. Aman mfta varei rodan enout keil ke mesak re v f. The plane sakien tatisa [n] improper behaviour; sin. landed right on the place that we had fixed See: tisa [saki-ene ta-tiisaa] up. Synonym: sak vilai [saki revii] sakini [tr] 1. cause; make. M ulamun sak rohoni [tr] start. Meatin sak ro honi amusou keses ka sakin vakilimuloh keih. rei vasuvalre i nanganeh. The man started to Before they would just sing and it would cut it like he had cut it the day before. [saki make the canoego quickly. 2. do. Nisakini rohoni] hemukave? How will I do it? 3. manage to reach; get to. Willie keilu min Oscarlumue sak rohtohoni [tr] (n) do for the first keih keke luvosakin out ut. Willie and time. In south: sak rohotohoni [saki Oscar were swimming strongly as though roho-toho-ni] they were about to get to the shore. Derived from: sak [saki-nil sak seini [tr] do what with [saki seini] sakir[intr ] walk with one bad leg off the sak sesavon [intr] behave strangely. ground [saakiru] Mesaien onen mai houlu, melmul vo kei mulesek sak sesavon. His illness became sakit lati [tr] pull out; extract. See: sakiti serious and we were there together until he [sakiti laati] started behaving strangely. [saki sesavono] sakiti [tr] pull out; extract [sakiti] sak sesavononi [tr] damage [saki sesavono-ni] sako [n] myna bird (Acridotheres tristis) [saakoo] sak veni [tr] be angry about. Tovuli kei sakras vosak veni veni asuv vfsi. The old saksak [n] (n) kind of yam with single top woman couldn't get angry about it because and growing with three or fo ur fairly thick the chief asked her for it. [saki veni] bases [saki-saki] 137

sakuIilluni [tt] shake; rattle [saakuluulu keil amulasal vatimeainamal. The men are nil pounding kava in the meeting house. 5. [of something not too sharp] stickinto. A hat sai l [intt] [of water] flow; trickle. Oai esal. sal hek. A stone stuck into my foot. 6. The water was trickling. [salol knock down coconut with pole. M (]To ro katinau ka auvaasal aniakuri maio I was sal2 [intt] wealthy; rich; have valued thirsty so they went and knocked down a possessions [salu] coconut and brought it to me. See: sesal [reduplicated form] PNCV: *sari [sali] sal3 [sintt] (s) go away. In north: sai [sale] sali2 [intt] squat. Ehon keil onen vatiuhouh avfta (]Tovlitei netan, asalfris en sal eirnas [n] (n) rock beauty (Diadema); hen mamaone ka amutaus nesa. The sea urchin with long black spines. See: whitewood ttee's children didn't go down, sali. In south: sal aimas [sali eimasi] they just squatted on their mother's arms and defecated up there. [salii] sal kati [tt] pack down with pole (e.g. ground around post, copra into copra bag). sail[tt] trimleaves from cane. Ehon ta See: sali [sali kati] keilu min avu onen luvite luvosalf heiei. A boy and his grandmother were going to sal tali [tt] spear through. M eatinekek kei trimthe wild cane. [salii] tin tfsa, kei sal tal oai take lah meatin keilenek. That man was angry, so he put his sali [stt] find out. See: lesaIi; mudem spear through a spring so that the water saIi. Reduplicated form sasaIi [saali] would carry the people away. See: sali [sali tali] sali lei [intt] sit cross-legged [salii lei] sal toni [tt] throw spear at something and salire [n] kind of fern [saliree] miss. V uasmu loh mfta, kei sali, sal ton vuas, vuas mulohris va sai. The pig ran salit [intt] 1. [of sore] reopen; start down and he threw the spear but missed it, bleeding again. 2. start hurting again after it and the pig ran off. See: sali [sali too-nil had started to heal [salitu] sal vim [tt] kill by spearing. Navong vuas sal uha [tt] (s) wipe off. In north: sabula hemai,inau nakilea mosal vinf. If the pig [saluhe] comes, I will be able to spear it dead. See: sali [sali vinii] salulei [intt] [of bananas] over-ripe (such that they are dry and coming off the bunch) salat [n] lettuce. Bislama: salad (from [salulei] French salade) [salati] saluni [tt] have (of valuable possessions). salauvul [n] 1. middle finger. 2. middle S uvtoto kei voukattounahek ke saluni. The toe [salauvule] paramount chief took the thing with him and became wealthy with it. Derived from: saleaili [n] kind of ttee used for making sal [salu-ni] outriggerpegs [saleailii] saIuvluvosini [tt] (n) give and then take salil [tt] 1. spear. Navong kamftel meheole back. Sliluvluvosinies mini. He gave it to hemfta, inau nisali. If you chase it down, I him and then took it back. In south: will spear it. 2. [of car] collide with. Taksi saluvoluvosini. See: sa- [saa-Iuvo ta salvat ipos ten lait. A taxi collided with a luvosi-ni] lamp post. 3. pack down with pole (e.g. ground around post; copra into copra bag). saluvoil [n] loincloth which is worn from Synonym: sal kati. 4. pound kava. A me belt at front and between legs to belt at back [saluvoi] 138 saluvoi2 [intt] wear loincloth. Mulamun sarisi [tt] give back; send back; return. amulasaluvoi. People used to wear Asuv sansivans en meteimal onen Tanso. loincloths before. [saluvoi] The chief sent it back to his village on southeast Ambrym. See: sa- [saa-risi] sarno En] kind of banana [saamoo] sasa [intt] reach out. Ta en keil siisa kur samoneni [tt] 1. rear (animal). 2. raise voihus. One of them reached out and took child. Keilu lusamonen ehononek va moul. the coconut shell. Derived from: sa- [by They raised the child until it was well. reduplication] [saa-saa] Synonym: mOtiiti [samone-ni] sasaIi [stt] fi nd out. Derived from: saIi sam [tt] 1. give. Kisani hemai. Give it to [by reduplication] [saa-saali] me. 2. send; post; deliver. N asan veva ta va tai venuk. I've already sent you a letter. 3. sasanil [tt] reach fo r. A vu onen ehon va send a message. A sanselusien mfta. They siisan hiivinali vit "Hiiv ukuli, mahousuk". sent word down. See: sao. Reduplicated The grandmother reached for her grandson form sasani. [saa-ni]. san eisiIin turn and said "Grandson, I am going to pick you one's back on someone (as a sign of up". Derived from: sasa [saa-saa-ni] rudeness, or in the case of taboo relatives, of respect). Tamen lesi ke 1U1lnahin kei san sasani2 [tt] distribute; give out. Derived eisilin tuai min keilu, ka 1U1lnahin kei vise from: sam [by reduplication] [saa-saa-ni] keilu en avu onen. The father saw that his daughter had her back turned to him, and sasau [intt] visit habitually. Derived from: she addressed the two of them as in-laws. sau [by reduplication] [saa-saaue] san hen help oneself (to food or hospitality). Konametautei, kisan hemos! sasaueni [tt] 1. visit all the time. 2. check Don't be worried, just help yourself. san on all the time. Kei ra siisiiuen eas esen va ralingen listen. san ren shout. va va va eas vesesali vamen. He kept on checking on his chestnut ttee until the fruit samen En] gift; present. Derived from: were about to ripen. Derived from: saueni sam [saani-ene] [by reduplication] [saa-saaue-ni] sangen [suff] lower belly (between navel sasen [suff/mod] 1. on its own. Keik kora and genital area). Synonym: vatisangen M alapoa, komatil siisomos? Do you live by PNCV: *saga crotch [sango-] yourself at Malapoa? 2. of its own accord. Nakile siisokoningasuk rovite PapaNoel, vi sapat En] thongs. Bislama: savat (from mamaorer ke ling presen keilek . I realised French savattes) [sapate] by myself it wasn't Father Christmas, but it was our mothers who left the presents. sarla ti [tt] hang up out of the way. See: [saaso-] sare [sare laati] saul [intt] visit; drop in; check. K osa ahu sarasilini [tt] distribute all over. ra mue en atas, vuo vite voma vosiiu ut, ma Nasliriisilfn maneonak kavu s tai. I have siiu. Today, the turtle swims in the sea, but distributed my money all over the place and if it wants to come ashore to visit, it comes there's none left. See: sa- [saa-raasilii-ni] and visits. See: sasau [reduplicated form] PNCV: *saui [saaue] sare [tt] 1. fasten. 2. catch (of fish). Asar ai houlu vlirei. They caught a lot of fish. sau2 [intr] [of yam vine] climb over end of See: sesar [reduplicated form] [sare] wild cane stake [saau]

Sarere [t] Saturday. Bislama: Sarere sau3 [intr] wrong. See: ve sau; viteai [sareree] sau [saau] sarir En] kind of banana [sariru 1 139 saueni [tr] 1. visit. M eleris me/esiiuen se vasi [tr] (n) 1. cut pandanus leaves komi!. We will come back and visit the two along central rib for weaving. 2. rip in two. of you. 2. check on progress of growth in See: sei. In south: sel vasi. See: sei [see garden. Kei va siiuenme /en sen niih. He vaasi] went to check on the growth of the watennelons in his garden. See: sasaueni sease [intr] (n) [of chickens] scratch [reduplicated fonn]. Derived from: sao ground in search of food. Derived from: [saaue-ni] sei [reduplicated fonn). In south: selasel [sea-see] saw [tr] cut hair. Isei hesiiufk ? Who is going to cut your hair? [saauii] seavo [intr] (n) [of wind] blow in gusts. M etviimetr oko/ out Tanso ka eang seavo sauni [str] wrong. See: mun saUDi houlu. When we got to southeast Ambrym, Derived from: sau [saau-ni] the wind was gusting a lot. In south: selavo [seavoo] say! [intr] (s) different. In north: musav [savo] seavoni [tr] (n) chase. Navong keke telseavon vuasmukok, vuasmu loh mfta. sav2 rind] other (singular). Nomeanakur When they chased the pig, it ran down. ahin onak ra! min ehon onak metvftiisuk en Synonym: kole; lit kati. In south: eim savosuk. I got up with my wife and selavoni [seavoo-ni] child and we went down to another house. PNCV: *sabwo unfamiliar [savo] sedahi [n] place where bell is hung at meeting house. Visuvong kfha en sedahi ka save [n] kind of tree used to make canoes kitf ave asuv hemai. Tomorrow, go to the [savee] meeting house and ring the bell for the chief to come. [sedahii] savel [n] kind of banana [saveli] sedero [n] obs. pawpaw. Synonym: ahi; savito [n] kind of sweet potato [savitoo] sen ahi; vetasen ahi; vovo [sederoo] savsav rind] other (plural). Derived from: sedulei [intr] (n) 1. greet. 2. farewell. say [savo-savo] Variant of: sidilei. In south: sedulai. See: sesedulei [reduplicated fonn] [sedulei] savut [intr] grab [saavute] seduleini [tr] (n) 1. greet. 2. farewell. savoti [tr] give with no intention of letting Variant of: sidileini. In south: sedulaini. someone keep something. See: sa- [saa See: seseduleini. Derived from: sedulei vuuti] [sedulei-ni] sedulein sua matu see the old year out. se leini [tr] (n) rake all over. See: sei. In south: sel leini [see leini] seh [sintr] go through bush. See: va seh. Reduplicated fonnseseh. [sehe] se rnhini [tr] (n) scratch over with foot. Out ke ahin se rahin mesaienonen, kei seh lati [tr] openup. Inau naseh llitmet eau ro lah liittei makesinek mules. At the place nauvii neim en ilit ten vuas.I opened up the where the woman scratched over her gate and went into the pig pen. See: seha menstrual blood, she didn't remove the [sehe laati] roots and leaves. See: sei. In south: sel rnhini [see rahini] seha [tr] 1. open. Seh metareh, navit mahii neim . Open the door, I want to come in. 2. se rasilini [tr] (n) rake evenly all over. turn on (of light or appliance). 3. strike See: sei. In south: sel rasilini [see match [sehe] seh ren bellow; yell. raasilii-ni] M eatinekek mul seh ren nesa. That man was bellowing up there. 140

sehaseh [intr] 1. puff; pant. Mul sehaseh sei tau [intr] (n) look back. fnau nasei tau viireis va vesesalivamat. He puffed until he mukok, keil vasfakiitau. When I looked was about to die. Synonym: museh vim. back, they were all behind me. fnau. nakaen 2. have asthma. Heite mesai mul sehaseh. M arata, avong nasei tau nalesout V oum, ek He is suffering from asthma. Derived from: miihisi. I was on the Marata and when I museh [by reduplication] [seha-sehe] looked back at Paama, I felt sorry. Synonym: nto. Derived from: musei [sei seheai [intr] cut branches of tree without tau] cutting trunk. Luvohol va vus, luviisuk luseheai, luseheaiva vus, lumunitfsuk. seikon En] kind of shellfish (Hemitoma They cleared the bush, then they cut the cratitia) Synonym: isei [seikoono] branches off the trees, then they set fIre to them. Synonym: sehseh [seheai] seiluv [intr] throw something at group of things [seiluve] sehei [tr] 1. draw water from well. A uva aseh om mai,alingi mul. They went and seiluveni [tr] throw something at group of drew some water from the well and left it. things. A seiluven manan keil. They threw 2. bail out water in bottom of canoe. fsei things at the flying fo xes. Derived from: heseh anun?Who is going to bail out the seiluv [seiluve-ni] water in the bottom of the canoe? See: sehseh [reduplicated form] [sehe] seime (n) Only in vava seime; vongavong seime. In south: saime sehien En] (n) 1. rest. 2. holiday; leave. [seimee] Nikur sehien onak en avati koan hemai.I will get my leave next month. 3. breath. seini1 [tr] (n) 1. [of wind] blow away. Kur kat vfs sehien onom. Try holding your £ang seini va. The wind blew it away. 2. breath. In south: sehen. Derived from: swing around. ftau kurinau.mu l seinau.. museh [sehe-ene] Mother picked me up and swung me around. In south: saini [sei-ni] sehsehl [intr] (n) 1. draw water from well. 2. bail out water in bottom of canoe. seini2 [str] Only in: sak seini [seini] In south: seheseh. Derived from: sehei [by reduplication] [sehe-sehe] seisei [intr] (n) look around. In south: saisai. Derived from: musei [by sehseh2 [intr] (n) cut branches of tree reduplication] [sei-sei] without cutting trunk. Synonym: seheai . In south: seheseh [sehe-sehe] seisei lekati [tr] (n) look around for. M eatin keil tenout V oum amul aseisei sei 1 [tr] (n) split pandanus leaves for lekatinau. The people from Paama were weaving. In south: selei Ese] looking around for me. In south: saisai lekati [sei-sei lee-kati] sei2 [tr] (n) 1. rake. 2. remove bark of wood. Kei sei pas. He removed the bark seisei rahiti [tr] (n) look around at. from the post. 3. skin carcass of animal. In A mulesuk aseisei rahit iiikeilenek va ales south: selei. See: sease [reduplicated veta tiii. Then they were looking around at form] Ese] all the trees and they eventually saw a breadfruit tree. In south: saisai rahiti [sei seiJ [str] split. See: rasei [sei] sei rahiti]

sei leini [tr] blow apart. A uva amul en seite [link] edge. Synonym: ngolite [sei-] eim ta ka eang seilein eimonek va. They went and stayed in one house and the wind seivai1 En] kind of shellfish (Conus blew the house apart. See: seini [sei lei-nil toreuma) Synonym: atu [seivai] 141 seivai2 [n] kind of plant with red flowers seleruvon [n] (n) name of pattern used in [seivai] weaving. In south: selaruvon. Derived from: seleite [sele-ruvone] seivat [intr] (n) look upwards. Naseivat vina mukok, nales vatihou. When I looked selesiivon [n] (n) very large pandanus up, I could see the hill. In south: saivat. leaf mat. In south: selasiiven. Derived Derived from: musei; avat [sei-vatu] from: seleite; siivon [sele-suuvone] sekau [n] kind of banana with small sweet seliis [intr] talk; speak. K iselus hekeih. fruit [sekau] Speak up. Synonym: murek. See: seseliiS [reduplicated form] [seluusi] sel [intr] (s) 1. make characteristic sound. 2. [of dog] bark. 3. [of bell] ring. 4. fight; seliis kati [tr] 1. discuss. A mul aseWs kati row; argue. Synonym: sik. In north: ke isei keke iluhluh out sen helamun. They musel. See: sesel [reduplicated form] discussed who would have their planting [selu] done first. 2. speak strongly to. Kei mul seWs kat avu onen. He spoke strongly to sel kati [tr] 1. shout at. 2. advise [seJu his father-in-law. [seluusi kati] kati] seliis kekareni [tr] abuse. Ttita onakmu l sel kutiit [intr] complain; grumble. M eatin sukul, keil auva amules aseWs kekiireni, mul sel kutut yen vakili onen. The man was aviten astimun tfsa eni. While my father was complaining about his canoe. [selu kutuutu] leading the service, they would come and abuse him, and say anything bad at all to sel luvosi [tr] trick [selu luvosi] him. [seluusi ke-kaare-ni] sel mini [tr] tell off. Ulmatu sel min asuv seliiS laIau [intr] whisper. Telles yen ke onen Tione. The old man told off Tione's vuasvi ta tai mul en iih,telm ul telselu.s ltilau boss. [selu mini] telvit: Vuasvi niiris tai mules niih . They saw the pig tracks going into the garden, and sel tetovoai [inr] 1. speak in turns. 2. they whispered that the pig had gone back argue [seJu tetovoai] and was in the garden. [seluusi laa-Iaau] selaila [n] name of pattern used in seliiS lati [tr] 1. talk out an issue at public weaving [selailaa] forum. 2. mention point that has already been settled [seluusi laati] seleaili [n] kind of bamboo with long leaves [seleailii] seliiS lekati [tr] talk in search of something (e.g. over radio) [seluusi lee selearong [n] (n) very large coconut leaf kati] mat. In south: selarong. Derived from: seleite; arong [sele-arongi] seliis meseni [tr] (n) 1. explain. Namules naselu.s mesenies mukok ka tangien tovuol. selei1 [tr] (s) split pandanus leaves for As I was explaining it, there was no crying. weaving. In north: sei [sele] 2. remind. In south: seliis meseleni [seluusi mesee-ni] selei2 [tr] (s) 1. rake. 2. remove bark from wood. 3. skin carcass of animal. In north: seliis ravobong [intr] (n) 1. rave. 2. sei [sele] speak deleriously. 3. talk in one's sleep. In south: seliiS ramobong [seluusi seleite [link] (n) 1. one side of something ravobongi] woven. 2. sheet of weaving. In south: selaite [sele-] seliiSien [n] 1. word; sentence; statement; speech; utterance. 2. message. Selu.sien ro kol asuv tenout V ouleli. The message 142 reached the chief of Vouleli. 3. language. serakil1 en] sea creature that lives on reef Selusien tenout Voum temaes avaselUsini. and which can be eaten [serakilu] The Paamese language is easy to speak. Synonym: laniis. 4. story. Synonym: serakil2 en] kind of grass [serakilu] runien. Derived from: seliis [seluusi-ene] sesa [sintr] Only in vii sesa [sesaa] selosini [tr] talk about; discuss. HOlte ten siik koan keke muasinau, sfse teni kei keke sesah en] 1. caterpillar with long hairs naselilsiniek. The incident of the shark that which sting. 2. jellyfish [sesaahi]. attacked me is what I have been talking about now. Derived from: seliis [seluusi sesahiat en] kind of sea creature nil [sesaahiati] semai [intr] shift; change position; come sesahuJ [intr] 1. clean hands. 2. wipe closer. Keik kisemai.. Come closer. [semai] hands [sesahule] semali [tr] [of fI Te] cause leaves to wither. sesai1 [intr] (n) float; drift. V oihus sesai A hangsemal ouai. keil en iiinesa. The fI Te vo ven vakili. The coconut shell drifted as caused the leaves to wither in the tree far as the canoe. Synonym: raheah; above. [semali] muoliil . In south: sesal PNCV: *sale [sesai] seman en] 1. rudder. 2. steennan; captain. EarlyBisla ma: seman (from English sea sesai2 [sintr] (n) go away. Tovuol sesai.. man) [semani] There are none at all. Derived from: sai . In south: sesal [by reduplication] ese-sail sen [poss] his; her; its (traditional). Ah sen mariso viirei, aluh tounah hou/u mu/en. His sesal 1 [intr] (s) drift. In north: sesai garden is very large and there are many [sesale] things planted there. Synonym: esen [sa-]

sesal2 en] kind of fish [sesali] sen ahi en] obs. pawpaw. Synonym: ahi; sedero; veta sen ahi; VQVO [se-ne ahii] sesal3 [intr] spear. Derived from: sali [reduplicated form] [se-sali] sen en] necklace; neck chain. Synonym: avan. Bislama: jen [seene] sesalil [tr] skin coconut with teeth. TomOl seneang en] kind of traditional dance Ren ros en vangen leirumrum ro sesal [seneangu] mOlou. While Tomat Ren was in the belly of the whale, he would skin coconuts with senevi en] kind of shellfish which are his teeth. [sesali] small [senevio] sesali2 floc] close by; near. Variant of: sengaini [tr] carry on hip [sengai-ni] vesesali; vesesal [sesalii] sengalini [tr] carry over stomach. sesal i3 [mod] nearly; almost. A mudem i Nasengalfn ehon onak.I was carrying my houlu keke keilemun sesali avavupuel. child on my stomach. [sengalii-ni] They were very concernedthat they might be lost too. Variant of: vesesal; vesesali sengat en] kind of coconut with small fruit [sesalii] [sengato] sesan1 en] green vegetables for cooking sengat amaru [n] kind of coconut [sesane] [sengato amarue] sesan2 [intr] gather vegetables from garden to take home. Nauvaen iih, nasesan, 143 narei ahis, nakurmatou. I went to the sesei2 [tr] (n) 1. make tassles at edge of garden and gathered vegetables, cut down a mat. 2. split leaves for making mat. Asesei banana and got some dry coconuts. rongiva. They are splitting the leaves to [sesane] make a ro ngiva mat. Derived from: sei. In south: seselei [se-sei] sesar1 [intr] 1. go fishing. A uva asesar. They went fishing. 2. catch fish. A sesar seseini [tr] 1. refuse. 2. say no to. VaM viirei noutenek. They caught lots of fish ialu lovahaV oum, ka keik koseseinau. I there. 3. catch many fish. Derived from: wanted to go to Paama with you, but you sare [reduplicated form] [se-sare] said no to me. 3. deny something. Derived from: sesei [sesei-ni] sesar-2 [intr] [of spider] spin web. In north: musesar [sesare] sesel [intr] 1. make noise. 2. [of baby learningto speak] babble. Derived from: sesar koe [tr] (n) patch fishing net. M aha mlL'>el [by reduplication] [se-selu] masesarkoe utal onak. I am going to patch my fishing net. In south: sesar kole. See: seseI1 [n] kind of shellfish [seseeli] sesare [sesare koe] sesel2 [n] kind of tree [seseeli] sesavon [mod] extraordinarily; strangely. Nales marisOk keke marftev is marfte sesel mato [intr] stand in silence for sesavon emai vesesali venau. I saw an prayer. Derived from: musel [by extraordinarily huge shark coming for me. reduplication] [se-selu matoo] A ngu ta muas out Voum in 1951, vi mariangu ta keke keihovis keih sesavon. A seselOs [intr] speak habitually. Derived hurricane struck Paama in 1951, and it was from: selOs [by reduplication] [se-seluusi] an extraordinarily strong one. [sesavono] sesevi [n] kind of shellfish (Nerita sesavononi [str] 1. dangerously. 2. species). PNCV: *sese [sesevii] wrongly; badly. Keik koling sesavononn terak onom . You have parked your car seso 1 [sintr] slip; slide. Synonym: muso badly. Derived from: sesavon [sesavono [se-soo] nil seso2 [sintr] Only in Usa seso [se-soo] seseda [intr] cast spell [sesedaa] ses6k [n] kind of croton [sesooko] sesedani [tr] cast spell on. Navfta navit mason huk, ehon keil alesinau amul ses6ni1 [tr] throw habitually. lnau anien asesediinau avit nisar asu. When I went Ok arosesodei. My food should never be fishing, the boys watching me cast a spell thrown. Derived from: s6ni [by that I would just catch a rat. Derived from: reduplication] [se-soo-ni] seseda [sesedaa-ni] ses6ni2 [tr] 1. join. Tovuli musah keilu, sesedulei [intr] (n) 1. greet. 2. farewell. keilu lumuleris luseson keilu. The old A sesedulei min me-Tavulai kei/ ka auviiris woman had chopped the two of them up, en vakili. They fa rewelled the people of and they joinedthemselves back together Tavulai and went back to their canoes. In again. Synonym: s6s6rineni. 2. put south: sesedulai . Derived from : sedulei kindling under firewood to makefire [by reduplication] [se-sedulei] [se-soo-ni] seseh [sintr] go through the bush. Derived sev1 [n] cupboard. Bislama: sef (from from: seh [by reduplication] [se-sehe] English safe ) [seeve] sesei1 [intr] 1. refuse. 2. say no [sesei] 144

sev2 [intr] have a shave. Kfha en holien siho en] coconut lory (Trichoglossus kirosev itei ? If you are going to the dance, haematodus) PNCV: *siviri [siihoo] aren't you going to have a shave? Synonym: sili. Bislama: sev [seeve] sihoen en] (s) diarrhoea. In north: sohien. Derived from: musih [siho-ene] seva [intr] shift; change position; go closer. Luseva vesesal. They shifted closer sik [intr]fight; row; argue. Ehon keil amul together. [sevaa] , asik ven inga. The children were arguing over the native almonds. Synonym: musel si [refl] happy. Koan les presen onen kuri, [sike] va mul sf en rUm onen. Whoever saw his present would take it and he would be sikaHiti [tr] insert knife into woven wall happy in his room. [sii]. tinsi pleased. for safekeeping out of the way. See: sikani Tinok sfnau. I am happy. [sikaa-la ati]

siani en] sweet water of green coconut. sikalu en] kind of shellfish [sikaluu] Derived from: site; ani [sii-anii] sikani [tr] 1. put into sheath. 2. insert knife sidilei [intr] (n) 1. greet. 2. farewell. into woven wall for safekeeping. K ei sikan Variant of: sedulei. In south: sedulai. eau onen mul en heiei. He inserted his knife See: sisidilei [reduplicated form] [sidilei] into the wild cane wall for safekeeping. [sikaa-ni] sidileini [tr] (n) 1. greet. 2. farewell. Navong avasidilein keil avfta asaliil vakili. sikel en] 1. scales. 2. weight. S ikel onak When they were about to say goodbye to 72 kilo. My weight is 72 kg. Bislama: skel them, they went down and put their canoe (from English scales) [sikeli] to sea. Variant of: seduleini. In south: sedulaini . See: sisidileini [reduplicated sikelini [tr] weigh. A me keil amul asikelin form]. Derived from: sidilei [sidilei-ni] matou. The men are weighing the copra. Derived from: sikel [sikeli-ni] siel en] croton (Codiaeum variegatum). Luvul koteh siel ta lurilfni en varin miima sikien en] (n) fight; row; argument. Ehon onealu. They broke off a croton and stuck it keil amulasak in sikien ven inga. The in at their mother's head. [sieli] children were causing arguments over the native almonds. Synonym: tungen. In siel ralingpil en] kind of croton. See: south: siken [sike-ene] ralingen; piI- [sieli raling-pilu] sikokohin [suff] 1. saliva. 2. dribble. sien en] happiness; joy. Meatin vasf keil Synonym: sikokohiven; kokohiven; alesi, sfen teni mul. There was happiness kokohin. Derived from: site; kokohin when everybody saw that. [sii-ene] [sii-kokohi-]

sieni [tr] 1. put inside. 2. fill up. Nita sikokohin vanei en] fo am from volcano stZsani en vongien, nilesike asa hemai floatingon surface of sea (which stings hesien vakili onak, ka nuasi. I will lie in eyes when swimming). Synonym: wait tonight to see what comes to fill up my vaneilau [sii-kokohi-ne vanei] canoe, and I will kill it. 3. fIll in (form). 4. pack (clothes). See: sisien [reduplicated sikokohite [link] foam; froth. Synonym: form] [sie-ni] kokohite. Derived from: site; kokohlte [sii-kokohi-] sigom en] chewing gum. Early. Bislama: jingom [sigomo] sikokohiven [suff] 1. saliva. 2. dribble. Synonym: kokohiven; sikokohin; sihil en] kind of breadfruit [sihile] kokohin. Derived from: site; kokohlte; aven [sii-kokohi-i-ve-] 145 sikut [desc] skinny; thin. Synonym: silil [tr] name (someone or something). mukou [siikuti] A sil isen M ael.They named him Mael. Synonym: lingi [sili] sill [intr] (s) get a sudden fright. In north: musil [sile] sili2 [tr] 1. put on wrist. Kei sil hanuas onak. He put on my watch. 2. [of sil2 [intr] (s) 1. shine torch. 2. put something worn on wrist] wear [sili] headlights on in car. In north: musil [silu] sili3 [tr] shave. (Now seldom used with silal [n] obs. com. Early Bislama: sila this meaning as the word sev of Bislama [silaa] origin has largely replaced it.) See: sisili [reduplicated form] PNCV: *sura [sili] sila2 [tr] send someone on an errand. Asila tue tiii avit vahiivaku ttei heiai vlimai avani. sHih [intr] (s) pick food from one'steeth. They sent one of their brothers to go and In north: siloh [siiliho] get some fruit for them to eat. Synonym: sisileni. See: sisil [reduplicated form] silihai [n] sea creature with tentacles [sile] [silihai] silasileni [tr] wake up [sila-sile-ni] silimeatin [n] (n) line of descent; people sharing common descent. Silimeatin keil ten silat [n] spring onion. Bislama: salol (from ouh amules veah Tavie arokol kosa. The French echalote) [silati] line of people descended fromthe yam are still there at Tavie today. In south: silati [str] come across by accident. See: silimolatin. Derived from: sHite; meatin valis silati; votisilati; redem silati; [sili-meatine] kil silati [silati] silite [link] 1. sucker (of banana). 2. newly siHiti [tr] 1. take off (clothes). Kisilat sprouted seed of tree. K eil alah siliveta tirausis onom. Take off your shorts. viirei, auva aluh viireini. They brought the Synonym: kulati. 2. unhook; remove actual sprouted seed of the breadfruit and something hanging from somewhere. Kei they planted it. 3. descendant. M eatin keil maisilat onen ateli mfta ran vatiiii,kulat an koan keke vuas vaskeil, avise keil en anien. He came and removed his basket 'silivuas' . People who are descended from from the tree and took out his food. 3. [of a pig are called silivuas. PNCV: *suli tide] pull away from course. Vesesali [sili-] metvahiiut, matu mftiisuk silatkomait el ka metviles ranout Vulilini. We had almost got siloh [intr] (n) pick food from one's teeth. ashore when the tide changed and pulled us See: sisHoh [reduplicated form]. In south: away from Vulilini. [silaati] sHih [siiloho] sileh [intr] 1. creep; sneak. 2. go siluhi [tr] make fire. Lovahina lovasiluh somewhere secretly at night to meet sexual ahangka lovlideilih. Let's go and make a partner. Kimiiini, kosileh en vongien! fire and eat some crabs. [siluhi] Admit it, you went looking for sex last night. [silehe] siluiv [n] (n) kind of bird. In south: siliiv [siluivo] sileini [tr] ignore. Synonym: musileini [silei-ni] silumei [n] squirrelfish (Holocentrus diadema) [silumei] sileni [str] frighten. See: va sileni. Derived from: musil [sile-ni] siliiv [n] (s) kind of bird. In north: siluiv [siluuvo] 146

simal [intr] 1. start all of a sudden. A vong kistal en iiielu lumul lukahiahin ka luvilei ke vot onen Makivi te valoh, simal va rums. keilu lfses . Fire, which we roast food with, When Maki's boat goes, it starts all of a appeared for the first time fromtwo trees sudden. Oussimal. The rain suddenly that were rubbing against each other. 2. started. 2. [of wind] spring up. Munak eang barbecue [sinahango] hesimal, ka reheha. If the wind springs up, we will go. Synonym: sital [simalu] sineal [desc] lazy. Synonym: taripeng; tarirnah; avrnah [sinealo] simen [n] 1. cement; concrete. 2. plaster cast for broken bone. 3. gravestone. sineira [n] green pigeon [sineiraa] Bislama: simen [simene] sineite [link] fur; fuzz [sine-] siIDen [suff] urine. Synonym: men. Derived from: site; men [sii-mee-] sineiven [suff] 1. scales of fish. 2. prickles of young bamboo. Derived from: simeten [suff] tears. A rangisinau ka inau sineite; aven [sine-i-ve-] nasak rasmat ang, sfmetok tovuo. They were crying for me, but I couldn't cry, I had sinek [n] snake. Synonym: arnot; tetal. no tears. Derived from: site; metok [sii Bislama: snek [sineke] meto-] sini l [tr] go 'tssss' to attract attention. simi [tr] 1. suck water into mouth and spit Nasfnuk korolongtei. I went 'tssss' to you, it out again. 2. draw on cigarette PNCV: but you didn't hear. [sii-ni] *zimi slurp [simi] sini2 [str] Only in rO sini [sii-ni] simsim [intr] (n) leak through small hole. In south: simisim [simi-simi] siniai [n] white flecks in fingernails [siniai] sin [intr] (s) 1. dre ssed. 2. dress up. 3. get dressed. In north: musin [sin] Sinoa [n] Vietnamese person. Synonym: hinu. Bislama: S inoa (from French sin kesi [tr] (n) change clothes; get chinois) [sinoaa] changed. In south: sin kelesi [sinu keesi] sinoma [n] movie [sinomaa]. Bislama: sin viIesi [tr] 1. wear back-to-front. 2. sinema (from French cinema). wear inside out [sinu vilesi] sioa [n] sw. term of abuse (referring to sin [suff] 1. bone. 2. central fibre inside semen). See: siOn. Derived from: site; oa manioc. 3. midrib of coconut leaf sfn ousil [sii-oaa] midrib of coconut leaf. Synonym: holeisil; holengeisil. 4. thorn; spike. sfn takul sago sioda [n] warning bird [siodaa] spikes. See: asi PNCV: *suRi [sii-] sion [n] kind of sweet potato [sione] sin takul [n] (s) kind of small brown or black fi sh usually found around rocks. In sion [suff] sw. semen. Synonym: oai. north: reretakul [sii-ne takule] See: sioa. Derived from: site; on [sii-oo-]

sin ten eisilin [n] 1. spine. 2. soft dorsal siotemat [n] kind of kingfisher. Derived fin(of fish) [sii-ne teni eisili-ne] from: asio; temat [sio-temate] sin ten vatin [n] procumbent spine (of sireng [n] scarecrow (made out of leaves fish) [sii-ne teni vati-ne] and attached at top of fruit tree to blow in wind and frighten away flying foxes) sinahang [intr] 1. roast (of yam, taro etc). [sirenge] A hang koan romul ro sinahang eni, kei 147

sise [n] (n) 1. road; path. S fse keil tenout sisil2 [intr] send someone on errand. Santo mariso. The roads in Santo are wide. Derived from: sila [by reduplication]. See: 2. method; way. Mealin mai vakur eisisil [si-sile] tounahenek ran osuv , san vuos. Sfse teni tlis . If someone wanted to take the thing sisil3 [sintr] blaze. See: kansisi l; eai fromthe chief, he would give him a pig. sisil; musisil [sisilu] That was the only way. 3. transport; way of getting somewhere. Naraengoni ulmatu sisil4 [sintr] finished. See: masisil; onak mesai houlu Toso, naronalekat sfse rasisil [sisile] navit mahii malesi. When I heard that my father was very sick on southeast Ambrym, sisileni [tr] 1. send someone on an errand. I was busy finding transport to go and see 2. send message to. Navong ta, osisilen him. 4. trip; journey.Nakur ani ta ten sfse. I ma.maonen Mahit leva. One day, they sent brought a coconut for the journey. 5. �are .. a message to Mahit leva's mother. Tara onak vul sfse onen. My father prud hIS Synonym: sila. Derived from: sisil [si fare. In south: sisel. See: nasise PNCV: sile-ni] *sala [siisee] vas ten sise have an illegitimate child ehon ten sise sisili1 [intr] [of branch] sprout directly illegitimatechild. from trunkof tree. 2. [of woodcut for post] sprout [sisilii] sisel [n] (s) road. In north: sise [siisele] sisili2 [tr] 1. scrape off outer skin of pig. sisi [n] kind of wood borer [sisii] Vuaskoan ke muoh osisili vo evus, arani vo mos. They scraped the skin off the white sisi anau [n] kind of wood borer [sisii pig and baked it until it was cooked. 2. an au] scale fish.A ma ut osisil mesau keilen veien. They came ashore and scaled the fish sisiatas [n] (n) part of sea where waves on the beach. 3. scrape bark off wood or wash onto sand. Synonym: sisite. In tree. Derived from: sili [by reduplication] south: helhelaitas. Derived from: sisite; [sisili] atas [sisi-atasi] sisiloh [intr] (n) pick food from one's sisidilei [intr] (n) 1. greet. farewell. 2. teeth. A sfsflohmu kok, amutiv va en oai. Variant of: sesedul In south: ei. Having picked their teeth, they spat intothe sesedulai [si-sidilei] water. In south: sisilih. Derived from: siloh [by reduplication] [sii-siiloho] sisidileini [intr] (n) 1. greet. 2. farewell. Variant of: seseduleini. In south: sisis [n] scissors. Bislama: sisis [sisise] sesedulaini [si-sidilei] sisital [intr] comeoutside (in large sisien [intr] do the packing. Derived from: numbers). Ehon keil osisitalran sukul. The sieni [by reduplication] [si-sieni] children are all corning out of school. Derived from: sital [by reduplication] sisihi [n] kind of bird which is fo und on [si-sitali] coastal rocks PNCV: *siviu [sisihii] sisite [link] (n) part of sea where waves sisihoai [n] (n) goatfish (Parupercidae). wash onto sand. Synonym: sisiatas. In Synonym: tinehis. In south: iemiel south: helhelaite [sisi-] [sisihoai] sisiveien [n] kind of fish similar to sisil1 [n] kind of sugarcane similar to sardines (found only near beach). Derived tom orinwith white fibreand green skin, from: sisite; veien [sisi-veiene] which is red on shady side [sisile] 148 sital [intr] 1. come outside. Navong navfs soga rind] eleven (in lisefseflanguage). evus nisital, ka keikomun kl1silinau. When I Synonym: tai dan tai [sogaa] finish praying I will come outside, and you should also come with me. 2. [of wind] sogai rind] twenty (in lisefsef language). spring up. Eang houlu sital en vongien. Synonym: hanu mau [sogai] High winds sprang up in the night. Synonym: simal. See: sisital sohaini [tr] cook vegetables wrapped in [reduplicated form] [sitali] leaves with hot stones (but without putting them onto the fire) [sohai-ni] sitat [intr] start; begin. Synonym: sak rohoni . Bislama: stat [sitaati] sohi [tr] catch something thrown. Munak leinunnun rem matou vfta, TomatRen sohi site [link] juice. sfamolorange juice. ka ro sesali. Whenever the whale PNCY: *suu [sii-] swallowed down a coconut, Tomat Ren would catch it and husk it with his teeth. sitoa [n] store. Sitoa mutah tai ? Is the store See: sosoh [reduplicated form] PNCY: open? Bislama: stoa [sitoaa] *sakovi [soohi] sitrav [n] 1. belt. 2. seatbelt. 3. strap. sohien [n] (n) diarrhoea. In south: Synonym: atuh. Bislama: strap [sitrave] sihoen. Derived from: musoh [soho-ene] siv [n] ship. Synonym: ok. Bislama: sip sok [n] 1. kind of banana with large [ooke] orange-coloured fruit. 2. egg yolk [sooko] siva [tr] split. PNCY: *ziba cut [sive] sokati [tr] 1. block something on hill so that it does not roll down. 2. thrust. A sokat siv vasi [tr] split along the middle. M asiv asu minau. They thrust the rat at me. vas om ! I will split your penis! See: siva [sive vaasi] sokoiout [n] (n) little pieces of dirt for performing sorcery. In south: sokoiaut. sivilen [suff] sw. vaginal mucus. Derived Derived from: sokoite; out [soko-i-oute] from: site; vii en [sii-vilo-] sokoite [link] 1. remains; traces. 2. siviro [n] 1. frightening face mask. Tom crumbs of food. See: soksok [soko-] vahina valing siviro onen, evus hemfta helekat ehon keil. Tom is going to put on sokornanekoli [n] earliest part of the his mask and then come down looking for morning before it is completely bright. the children. Synonym: eimas. 2. bogey Derived from: sokoite; manekoli [soko man. Keiek ! Siviro ta keisom vahousuk . manekolii] Aha! The b0..Eey man will get you. 3. policeman. Ehon kei/ amules amutit, siviro sokornet [n] kind of insect which flies kei/ amfta. The young guys were fighting about at sunset [sokomete] and the police came. Synonym: eimas [siviroo] sokotan [suff] faeces left on anus after defecation. Derived from: sokoite; tan sivsiv [n] 1. sheep. 2. lamb; mutton. [soko-taa-] sokotan romukoutei veah Bislama: sipsip [sivi-sivi] en ouveave be still young. Keik sokotam rom ukoutei yeah en ouveave. You are still SOl [intrJ [of shot] hit. Nituvak keke heso young. kfmat. I will shoot you so that if it hits, you will die. Synonym: pO; rasil; rovat [soo] .sokotan rnalou [n] kava squeezings. Derived from: sokoite; tan [soko-taa-ne s02 [n] saw. Bislama: so [soo] malou] so- [v] throw. See: soni [soo] 149 sokoveini [tr] 1. leave. Kei musil viireini, ason mane ten sukul. They contributed rosokoveidei,out kei viien, keiemun mllsil money for the church. 4. add something to kali lava noutenek. He fo llowed her food or drink; add ingredients. Keik komun without leaving her, and everywhere that tf, korosodei suka? When you drinktea, she went, he fo llowed right behind her. don't you add sugar? 5. sack; give the sack Synonym: Iikoveini; lohkoveini . 2. let to. A suv onak sonau kosa. My boss gave go of; release. Kosa ro lesi keke vatiuhouh me the sack today. 6. have sexual sokoveni utite vatin mulamun ka oute keilu intercourse. Keilu luva lusoni en veien. The lukiirali kiitau. Todaywe see that the two of them had sex on the beach. 7. put whitewoodtree releases its seed head fIrst paddle into sea. Kei son valihosvf ta en alas and the two leaves spin behind. Synonym: mul valis viirei. He put the paddle into the Iikoveini; lohkoveini; luv Hiti; luvati. sea and was really paddling. See: sO-. See: soni [soo-kovei-ni] Reduplicated form sesoni [soo-ni] son hOk cast fIshingline. Nason hUk vo soksok [sintr] (n) do the last of nasesarviirei. I cast my line and I caught a something. In south: sokosok. See: lot of fish. son ouai [of trees] develop rasoksok; sokoite [soko-soko] leaves. Vaitir alte heson ouai. Later on the branch will develop leaves. sOn tahecatch soksokoni [str] (n) do the last of waves in surfing son teai weigh anchor. something. In south: sokosokoni. See: S tV ta son teai V utekai. There is a ship rasoksokoni; kansoksokoni. Derived anchored at Vutekai. from: soksok [soko-soko-ni] songati [tr] 1. push fIrewood back into soliiti [tr] put to sea (of vessel). Kei fIre when burnt down. 2. get light from one soliitris ok onen lumurislumairis Senarei. fIreto light another. K ei songalahang . He He put his sailing canoe back to sea and he got a light from one fIT e in order to light returned to Senarei. See: soni [soo-laati] another. [songati] sOiein ahang [n] kind of breadfruit which sorin [intr] join. See: sosorin is very large and which has soft flesh. See: [reduplicated form] PNCV: *sokari soleinib [soo-lei-ni ahango] [soorine] soleini [tr] throw out. See: soni [soo-lei soritini 1 [refl] back off. Ehon ta vina nil vales tIlnali teim sen ka meatin keil houlu, soritini mai vo ro suai, evus loh saimai soli [tr] pass by. Munak leirumrum rem teim . The boy went to see his friend at his ahal v fta, Tom alR en museh ka ahaJsoli . place but there were many people there and Whenever the whale swallowed down a he backed off, and eventually ran away rock, Tomat Ren would breathe in and the back home. Navong nales mav namul rock would pass by. See: soni [soo-lii] nasoritfnau keke maloh. When I saw the lizard, I backed off to run away. [sooritii solukuti [tr] 1. sneak up on. Kei ktikava nil solukut volia vit vouasi.He snuck up on the spider to killhim. 2. lunge forward at soritini2 [tr] [of tide] pull swimmer or someone in anger. Nasolukuti navite canoe off-course [sooritii-ni] mouasi. I lunged at him to hit him. [soolukuti] soruaini [tr] heap up. See: soni [soo-ruai nil sOni [tr] 1. throw (usually said of things that are not too heavy). Soni viimai. Throw sosipen [n] saucepan; pot. Synonym: it here. 2. put canoe out to sea. Kei son voiteai. Bislama: sospen [sosipene] vakili valiseris vo leh vakili onen S enarei. He put his canoe to sea, rowed back and SOSOl [intr] throw. See: soni . Derived brought his canoeashore at Senarei. 3. from: so- [soo-soo] contribute money towards a cause. Amul 150

SOS02 [intr] 1. [of something floating] bob sousou3 en] (n) 1. smell of food. 2. steam. up and down in sea. A hu keilu lumulesuk A nien sousou vareis. There is a lot of steam lusoso luv ita en anev ka navite "L ehmat coming from the food. 3. rumour. Nalong kosd'. The two turtles were bobbing up and sousou. I heard a rumour. In south: down in the deep water and I said "They're sausau [sou sou] going to die right now". 2. [of reet] come out and disappear under waves; come out at soutin floc] (n) 1. distant; far away; a long low tide. Synonym: vot; vohot; vothot way off. 2. a long time to go. Keik kito Vila [soo-soo] soutin veah? Will you be staying in Vila for a long time yet? In south: sautin [soutine] sos03 en] yam spade [soosoo] SOy en] soap. Bislama: sop [soovo] sosoh [intr] catch something thrown. Derived from: sohi[by reduplication] SOy koa your en] (n) bar soap (as against [soo-soohi] soap powder). In south: SOy koa vaur [soovo koaa vouro] sosorin [intr] join. Ai elu lusosorin. Two pieces of wood are joined. Derived from: sovoka en] kind of yam [sovokaa] sorin [by reduplication] [soo-soorine] stik en] tobacco stick. Synonym: tan sosorineni1 [tr] join. Amumon eim , vuas; stik tovak. Bislama: stik [stike] asosorinen tiielu. When they made the house, they joined two pieces of wood. stik tovak en] tobacco stick. Synonym: Synonym: sesoni. Derived from: sorin tan vuas; stik [stike tovaki] [soo-soorine-ni] stori en] story. Synonym: tiinien; sosorineni2 [str] join. See: riIi seliisien. Bislama: stori [stoorii] sosorineni; par sosorineni [soo soorine-ni] smng en] 1. string; rope. Synonym: voiau. 2. fishing line. Synonym: vurong. sosoval en] kind of plant with leaves 3. vein; tendon. Synonym: hou. Bislama: similar to heliconia but smaller string [striingi] [soosoovale ] sii lati [tr] knock over; push over. sotal [intr]ju mp back. Navong temat sum Synonym: sii leini [suu laati] venau, nasotal nariviriis ilin hisuputnesa. When the devil made a noise at me, I sii leini [tr] knock over; push over. jumped back and threw my bow up in the Synonym: sii lati. 2. clean off; rub off air. [sootali] [suu lei-nil

souen [n] (n) song. Souen ten vakili va sua en] year. Sua natel vuol nahat ke amul mukok. The canoe song goes like this. In noutenek. It was perhaps three or four south: sauen. Derived from: musou [sou years that they stayed there. Synonym: ouh ene] PNCV: *sukawa [suaa] soumalik [n] kind of asou tree. Derived sua matu en] preceding year. Synonym: from: asou; malik [sou-maliko] uhumatu [suaa matuu] sedulein sua matu see in the new year. sousou1 en] (n) kind of banana. In south: sausau [sousou] suai1 [intr] disappear. Nakur out Ulveah, hatikeite ta havivisesuk keke vaha vasuai. I sousou2 [n] (n) kind of bamboo. In south: aimed for Lopevi until there was only just a sausau [sousou] little bit of the end that was about to disappear. See: susuai [reduplicated form] [suai] 151 suai2 [n] kind of sandy soil beneath sukul2 [intr] 1. go to school; be studying. surface of ground which is bad for planting lnaunamul nasukul, ek rovatteimat etalihe. yams [suai] I was going to school and I didn't want to get married. 2. go to church. Keil amules suai3 [sintr] unseen. Kei mul mual sum. veah asukul. They are still in church. He was walking without being seen. See: Bislama: skul [sukulu] rO suai; va suai. Reduplicated fonn susuai. [suai] sukul Inglis [intr] go to an English medium school [sukulu inglise] suaini1 [tr] conceal. Ra kiikavina va navong oum suaini, muloh viirei. He sukul Veranis [intr] go to a French walked until the leaves concealed him,and medium school [sukulu veraanise] he started running. See: susuaini [reduplicated fonn] [suai-ni] sum [intr] make noise with lips to attract attention. Tematta sum mal venaus. A devil suaini2 [str] make disappear. See: kur made a noise with his lips right near me. suaini; ling suaini. Reduplicated form PNCV: *sumu implosive sound with lips susuaini. [suai-ni] [sumu] suasu [intr] bend over [sua-sue] sumavev [n] kind of fish [sumaveeve] subetai [n] kind of breadfruit with soft sumeateh [n] (n) chewed sugarcane that flesh [subetai] has been spat out. In south: surnateh. Derived from: sumeite; ateh [sume-atehi] suen [suff] ground dug up by pig. See: musu [sue-] sumeite [link] (n) 1. chips from woodthat has been chopped. 2. wood shavings. 3. suh lati [tr] scrape flesh out of banana sawdust. 4. chewed cane that has been spat skin (to make pudding). See: suhi [suhi out. Synonym: sumeateh 5. bits and laati] pieces. KUlis onak lapo vita mahoi vi sumeite viirei. My glasses fe ll and were suhi [tr] 1. scrape flesh out of banana skin smashed into pieces. In south: sumaite (to make pudding). Synonym: suh lati. 2. PNCV: *samwa chewed residue scrape bark from tree [suhi] [sume-] siihus [n] empty coconut containing things sumematou [n] (n) 1. grated coconut. 2. belonging to someone else in order to sw. smegma; smelly secretion under inflict sorcery on them. Derived from: foreskin. Synonym: matou. In south: ahus [suu-huse] sumamatou. Derived from: sumeite; matou [sume-matou] suk lint] skitchim (said to sool dog onto something). Suk Tarsong! Skitchim sumeteai [n] (n) chips from wood that has Tarzan! Bislama suk (fromNew been chopped. Volia ta suvul mfta, lah Caledonian French souque ) [suke] sumeteai keil, sasani va en valengevakili. A spider climbed down, gathered up the wood suk kati [tr] [of dog] bark at [suke kati] chips and heaped them back into the hollow of the canoe. In south: sumatelai. Derived suka [n] sugar. Synonym: ateh. Bislama: from: sumeite; teai [sume-teai] suga [sukaa] sumoi [n] (n) New Guinea rosewood (Pterocarpus indicus). In south: sumol sukul1 [n] 1. school. 2. church. 3. honest [sumoi] to God. Sukul, rovitei inau!Honest to God, it wasn't me. Bislama: skul [sukulu] 152

sumok [intr] smoke. Keik korosumokitei? susuail [intr] disappear (in large Don't you smoke? Synonym: rupan numbers). Derived from: suai [by [sumoki] reduplication] [su-suai]

sumokini [tr] smoke.lnau narosumokidei susuai2 [sintr] unseen. Derived from: stik tovak.I don't smoke tobacco stick. suai [by reduplication] [su-suai] Derived from: sumok [sumoki-ni] susuaini l [tr] conceal (in large numbers). sumo) en] (s) New Guinea rosewood Derived from: suaini [by reduplication] (Pterocarpus indicus). In north: sumoi [su-suai-ni] [sumole] susuaini2 [str] make disappear (in large sumor en] 1. fish eggs; roe. 2. chicken numbers). Derived from: suaini [by eggs inside body that do not have shells reduplication] [su-suai-ni] [sumore] sUsiini [tr] suck. Konasiisiidei hem ! Don't slllmum en] (n) kind of fish. In south: suck your thumb! Derived from: SUsu sumusum PNCV: *sumu-sumu [sumu [suusuu-ni] sumu] sUsiivat [intr] make mound of ground. sumuni [tr] make noise to someone with Derived from: sUsu; avat [suusuu-vatu] lips to attract attention. Nasumunuk. I made a noise to you with my lips. Derived from: sUsiivatuni [tr] make small mound of [sumu-ni] sum ground. lnau nasiisiivatun atan. I made a small mound of ground. Derived from: sungamatou en] sea lice [sungamatou] sUsiivat [suusuu-vatu-ni]

supun en] spoon. Bislama: spun [supunu] suv kati [tr] 1. support; hold up (e.g. of heavily laden branch with fruit,collapsing lint] expression of pleasure; expression sur wall etc.). 2. assist; help. Nisuv katuk en sur! M oretounah onomil of satisfaction. 0, umen onom. I will help you in your work. vareis. Oh, what a nice thing the two of you Synonym: katauni [suve kati] have there! Variant of: esur [sure] suv lati [tr] 1. lift up something from SUsl en] kind of fish with many colours underneath.Melvit melvasuv llitvak ili ka most commonly fo und on reef, less than 30 teta heseh llit arum. We wanted to lift up the em in length [suuse] canoe so that somebody could empty out the water. 2. provide thrust to aeroplane sUs2 en] shoe. Synonym: eiheas [suuse] [suve laati]

sUsul en] 1. breast. 2. breast milk PNCV: suvali [tr] 1. resemble. 2. as; like. Mulamu *susu [suusuu] aro reitei vakili vasuval koa ke kosa. Before, they didn't used to carve canoes like today. sUsu2 [n] kind of coconut. Synonym: 3. such as. Koromiimodei tounah ta vasuval matouka [suusuu] en sukul. Didn't you do something such as church work? Synonym: ka [suvali] sUsu3 [n] nut that has gone soggy inside. Synonym: asu [suusuu] suvasuv [intr] help out; assist. A ro sadei umen ta minuk vasuval kovasuvsuv en sUsu4 [intr] 1. suck. 2. unweaned; still at sukul vuol en PW MU? Did they give you a the breast. Titan mules veah siisu. Her child job such as helping out in the churc h or is stillat the breast. [suusuu] with the PWMU? Synonym: katau [suva suve] 153 siiven [n] (s) mat. In north: siivon tahanien whorehouse kaset tahanien [suuvene] pornographic cassette. siivo [n] 1. pus. 2. phlegm. 3. [of overripe tahe [n] (n) wave. Eang houlu, metsaliiJ fruit] soggy [suuvoo] vakili ka tahe houlu. There was a lot of wind and when we put the canoe to sea, siivon [n] (n) mat (made out of pandanus there were many waves. In south: tahel leaves). In south: siiven PNCV: *bwana [tahee] PNCV: *tavara. [suuvone] taheite [link] (n) wash of canoe or ship. In siivon mon ehon [n] (n) placenta; south: tahelaite [tahe-] afterbirth. In south: siiven mon lohon [suuvone mo-ne eehono] tahel [n] (s) wave. In north: tahe [tahele] suvtoto [n] paramount chief. Suvtato kei tahelaite [link] (s) wash of canoe or ship. voukat tounahek ke saluni. The paramount In north: taheite [tahela-] chief kept that thing and became wealthy with it. Synonym: asuv houlu. Derived tahelal [n] waves that break ashore at very from: asuv [suvo-tootoo] close intervals [tahelalu] suvul [intr] climb down. Munak kei suvul tahi [n] grave. Luvul siel lurilfni en varin mira, lahliiJ hisuput onen. When he climbed mama onealu, lura lulekati va tahfnek down, he picked up his bow. [suvulu] vitehesuk. They broke off a croton and stuck it in at their mother's head and they suvun [intr] sneeze. Asu san vatiken vina looked after it until the grave sprouted. en vulingasin temat katem at suvun. The rat [tahii] put his tail up the devil's nose and the devil sneezed. [suvun] tahilhili [adj] red. Derived from: vii hili [ ta-hili-hilii]

tahos [intr] good; well; alright. Nasiin - T - selilsien va en keil navit anademteinau, inau natahosis. I sent them a message that they shouldn't think about me, and that I was l ta [intr] into shake hands with. Ta avU. alright. See: hos. Reduplicated form : Shake hands with granny. [taa] tetahos [tahosi] tin tahos 1. feel like something. 2. calm down. ta2 [numvb + ind] one. lalu iotas en ninin. The two of us are one in spirit. Variant of: tahosien [n] 1. kindness. 2. good luck. tID.See: rata [taa] Ronouastei akainek, orer tahosien ta kenek. We'd better not kill that green lizard, it's tabos [desc] inept; unable to do things that good luck for us. Derived from: tahos most other people can do [tabose] [tahosi-ene] taev [n] (n) kind of tree with nut similar to tahui [n] kind of banana [tahui] bush nut. In south: talev [taeve] tahui tamelas [n] kind of eating banana taga rind] one (in lisefs ef language). [tahui tamelaase] Synonym: ta; tID [taagaa] tahui temangoringor [n] kind of banana tagio [int] thank you. Synonym: hihuri. which has crunchy flesh [tahui temangori Bislama: tankiu [tagioo] ngori] tahanien [adj] (n) sexual. Derived from: van. In south: tahanen [ta-hane-ene] eim 154 tahul [n] 1. rubbish; garbage. Arivln tahul takou [adj] dry. Derived from: mukou vIta en avul. They threw the rubbish down [ta-kou] the hole. 2. creature living in sea which camouflages itself by sticking floating taksi [n] 1. speedboat which takes paying leaves and sticks to itself [tahule] passengers. 2. taxi. Bislama: taksi [taksii] tahuliai [n] waste roots and branches in taktak [n] duck. Bislama: dakdak [taki garden that is being cleared. Derived from: taki] hen taktak flippers for diving. tahulite; ai [tahuli-i-ai] takuI [n] sago (Metroxylon warburgii) tahulite [link] rubbish; garbage; waste [takule] [tahuli-] tal [sintr] appear. Silivuos keil akis tal tai [mod] already. Amai katinau tai. I am mulamun en vuos. The descendants of the already hungry. In north: tuai [tail pig first came froma pig. See: rang tal. Reduplicated form tetal [tali] tai [numvb + ind] one. Variant of: tit See: ratai [taai] talauai [adj] (s) green. Synonym: melamelasen. In north: ouai; tai dan ahitai lind] (n) sixteen. In south: memeasen. Derived from: laute; ai tai dan lahitai [taai dano ahitaai] PNCV: *tarawai [ta-Iau-i-ai]

tai dan ehat lind] fourteen [taai dano Well [n] spotted fantail (Rhipidura ehati] sp ilodera) PNCV: *takerekere [taaleele] tai dan eIim lind] fifteen [taai dano elime] Wel2 [n] small fish which swim together in schools [taaleele] tai dan elu rind] twelve [taai dano elue] tali [str] go through. See: sal tali. tai dan etel rind] thirteen [taai dano etelu] Reduplicated form: tetali. [tali]

tai dan ouhat rind] (n) nineteen. In south: taIimot [n] sea-snake. Synonym: tousal tai dan lauhat [taai dano lauhati] [talimoti]

tai dan oulu rind] (n) seventeen. In south: talite [link] group; cluster. taliveave cluster tai dan laulu [taai dano oulue] of cottonwood trees. Komai talfte viirei memai. A whole group of us came. [tali-] tai dan outel rind] (n) eighteen. In south: tai dan lautel [taai dano outelu] talo [n] kind of bird PNCV: *taroa pigeon species [taloo] tai dan tai rind] eleven [taai dano taai] talokohis [adj] (s) yellow. In north: takan [adj] (n) sharp. In south: tekan. okohis. Derived from: a1ok; ahis Derived from: kan [ta-kaane] ai takan [ ta-loko-hisi] weapon. talovu Only in ouha talovu [talovuu] takeih [adj] (n) 1. strong. 2. powerful. 3. dangerous. Koanik VI tounah takeih. This is taluh[n] ridge capping of roof. See: a dangerous thing. In south: tekaih. mutaluh; eitaluh [taluhi] Derived from: keih [ta-keiho] oai takeih liquor eim takeih prison; lock-up meatin tamadil [adj] (n) 1. cold. 2. [of liquid] takeih warrior; fighter. refrigerated. In south: temadil. Derived from: madil [ta-madil] oai tamadil iced takon [adj] bitter. Derived from: kon [ta water. koon01 heilah takon kind of heilah tuber. 155

tamalikelik [n] (n) 1. black. Synonym: tan hOs [n] kind of yam [taa-ne hoosi] tavopoli. 2. Melanesian. ir tamalikelik keil rom llmoni mukok. We Melanesians do it tan vares [n] kind of wild yam with flesh like this. 3. any black person. In south: that is powdery when chewed [taa-ne temalikelik. Derived from: malikelik varese] [ta-malikeliko] tan vuas [n] tobacco stick [taa-ne vuasi] tamatilien [adj] residential; for sleeping. Derived from: matil [ta-matilu-ene] eim tanesa [adj] upper. Derived from: nesa tamatilienresidential building (as against [ta-nesaa] hen tanesa hand; arm urilin outside kitchenor any other kind of tanesa elbow. building). tanetan [adj ] lower. Derived from: netan tamelas. Only in tabui tamelas Variant of: tedan [ta-netan] hen tanetan [tamelaase] foot; leg urilin tanetan knee.

tamen [suff] father. Natnali viteni min tanhilhili [n] red subsoil. Derived from: tamen vitnae 'Tiita, inaukovosahi tahisuput atan; vilhili [tano-hili-hilii] onak".The boy said to his father "Father, make me a bow". Synonym: tata; itet; tanibur [n] kind of tree [tanibure] u1matu PNCV: *tama [tame-] tanihai [n] (n) oily substance found inside tametau [n] coward. Derived from: tan; dry coconut that is just startingto go off. In metau [taa-metau] south: tanihal [taanihai]

tametes [intr] (s) [ofleaf] green. In north: tanihal [n] (s) oily substance found inside teamet [tametese] dry coconut that is just startingto go off. In north: tanihai [taanihale] tamure [intr] (n) 1. short. 2. unable to hold breath for long period. K ei sehien onen tanimei [n] 1. brown-coloured fur. tam ure. He is unable to hold his breath for Synonym: kokol . 2. pig with brown skin long. In south: tamurel. See: tetamure [tanimei] [reduplicated form] [tamuree] men tamure stutter. tanmait [n] dynamite. Bislama: danmaet [tanmaite] tamurel [intr] (s) 1. short. 2. unable to hold breath for long period. In north: tanmalik [n] dark soil found on surface. tamure [tamurelo] Derived from: atan; malik [tano-maliko]

tan [suff] 1. faeces; excrement. 2. volcanic tanmalu [n] obs. European. Synonym: ash. Tan vonei mul puriin iihser. Volcanic metalo; metaio [tanmaluu] ash is ruining our gardens. 3. spider web. Volia vekatsumev akili ral min tan, sakini tanmelmel [n] (n) mud. In south: sumeitenek keil aumairis keih. The spider tanmelumel. Derived from: atan [tano stamped the canoe shavings down with his melu-melu] web, making the shavings hard again. 4. sawdust. Synonym: nehIai. 5. kava tanoa [n] downpour; torrential rain. En squeezings. Synonym: sokotan malou. vongien, marious ke marious, tonoa viirei, See: ata PNCV: *ta1e [taa-] oailoh mul mukur. In the night, there was an absolutely torrential downpour and the tan ahu [n] pumice. Synonym: vula; floodwaters surged. [tanoaa] hungola [taa-ne ahue] tanoa rumrum [n] (n) downpour; tan aman [n] kind of breadfruit [taa-ne torrentialrain resulting in running surface amanu] 156 water. In south: tanoa rumurum [tanoaa taseini [str] miss. Kei ruva, ro tosein rumu-rumu] aman. He fired, but just nicked the bird. Derived from: tasei [tasei-ni] tanovau en] grey-coloured sticky sand that is found below the surface of the ground. tasikoren] 1. last one. 2. [of children] Derived from: atan; vau [tano-vau] youngest. K oan tosikor keisuk mea viteni min keitel vitnne '1nau nisal vinfvuas".The Tanso en] (n) southeast Ambrym. In youngest brother got up and said "I will south: Taso [tansoo] spear the pig". Derived from:tasite; kor [tasi-koro] tantlV Only in veave tantlv. [tanuuvo] tasiliatas en] sea spray. Derived from: tanvolvol en] (n) unpopulated place. In tasilite; atas [taasili-atasi] south: tanvolivol. Derived from: atan; volvol [tano-voli-voli] tasilite [link] spray from splashedwater. Sfv muloh mukok rivi lein tasilfte houlu tang en] water tank. Bislama: tang [taange] vareis. As the ship sailed, it threw up a lot of spray. [taasili-] tangien en] wailing; crying. Namules noselUs mesenies mukok, ka tangien tovuol. tasimat en] calm sea. Synonym: I was just explaining it so there would be tasmeredas. Derived from: atas; mat no crying. Derived from: murang [tangi [tasi-mate] ene] tasioh en] calm patch of sea. Derived taoh [adj] white. Derived from: muoh [ta from: atas; muoh [tasi-oho] oho] tas iout en] (n) pool of sea water on beach tareh en] cobweb [tarehe] left as tide goes out. In south: tasiaut. Derived from: atas; out [tasi-oute] tari [n] seat in canoe or boat. lnau nariik oteh tiiri ten vakili navit motiiheah tasite [link] 1. last born; youngest. Tosfte eni. I cut off the seat from the canoe so I tin tfsa veni tovuli mul venan ahis ealu. The could float with it. Synonym: tot [taarii] youngest boy was angry because the old woman was stealing their bananas. 2. tarimah [desc] lazy. Synonym: taripeng; smaller of pair of breadfruit growing avmah; sineal [tarimaahi] together. PNCV: *tasi younger sibling [tasi-] taripeng [desc] lazy. Synonym: tarimah; avmah; sineal [taripenge] taripeng tas ivo en] 1. sea water left in coconut shell muasi be lazy. to go off (which is used to calm the surface of the sea while looking for octopus). 2. tarivat [n] raft [taarivatu] coconutin which the water has gone smelly (which is used for same purpose). Derived taro [n] taro [taaroo] from: atas; vo [tasi-voo] taro hili en] kind of taro [taaroo hilii] tasrneredal en] clear sea. Derived from: atas; rneredal [tasi -meredali] taroh [n] mist; haze; fog. Taroh ten vanei mul va koe meteai. The haze from the tasmeredas en] calm sea. Synonym: volcano obscured the sun. [taarohe] tasimat. Derived from: atas; meredas (tasi-meredasi] tasei [sintr] miss. Vesesal mateinau, eau ro toseis. I almost cut myself, but the knife just Taso en] (n) southeast Ambrym. In south: nicked me. See: rasei [tasei] Tanso [tasoo] 157

Taste [t] Thursday. Synonym: avong tauel [n] towel. Keik klllUl en tauel onak. ehat Bislama: Tasde [taastee] Dry yourself with my towel. Bislama: taoel [tauele] tasvipilit[n] totally calm sea. Synonym: atas vipilit. Derived from: atas; vipilit taulet [n] brother-in-law. Synonym: uan; [tasi-vi-pilitu] mase [tauletu] tatal [n] 1. father. Synonym: itet; tamen; tauneh [n] (s) thing. In north: tounah u1matu. 2. address term for father. TaJa, [taunehe] inau kovosahi tahisuput onak. Father, would you make me a bow? Synonym: tauni [str] go behind. See: ka tauni. itet 3. adult married men in village. M iima Derived from: tau [tau-ni] keil, tiiJa keil! Men and women! Synonym: arne [taataa] tavl [loc] other side. Lukaire h vekahokeil vlZ vis tav Oailev, vina vis Nou. Lukai used tata2 [n] 1. adze. Vakili avatei kakosa fr to circumcise the boys as far as the other rorei en teai, ka muJamun arororeitei en teai, side at Oailev, and up as far as Nou. are i en tiiJa.Today when we want to make a Synonym: usit; nusit; usite; toveite; canoe, we cut it with an axe, but before they toveise [tave] didn't cut it with an axe, they would cut it with an adze. 2. kind of tool with hook tav2 [n] kind of vine used to make pig (which is no longer used). See: rata [taa yards [tave] taa] taveah [intr] (n) 1. long (singular). A re i iii tatavolien [n] riddle; puzzle. Derived taitav eah.They cut one piece of wood from: ratavol [taataavoli-ene] long. 2. tall. 3. [of breasts] pendulous. Synonym: lapelah. In south: tavelah. tatesav [adj] different. Derived from: See: tavepeah PNCV: *baravu [taveahi] tesav [ta-teesavo] tavepeah [intr] (n) 1. long (plural). 2. tall tatin [adj] 1. hot. 2. [of liquid] boiling. (plural). In south : tavepelah. See: taveah Derived from: mutin [ta-tinu] oai tatin [tavepeahi] tea avong tatin drought. taviail [loc] (n) in the village. Havinalisel tatisa [adj ] 1. morally wrong; improper. 2. min avu onen vite "L omual lfses, pornographic. kaset tansa pornographic lovatoteisuk taviai".The boy complained to cassette. Derived from: tisa [ta-tiisaa] his grandmother "We always go to work, mesaien tatisa venereal disease. can't we stay in the village for once?" In south: tavoial [taviai] rO taviai bored tato [n] kind of banana with fat fruit[tatoo] from staying at home all the time. tatong [n] kind of banana with very large taviai2 [n] (n) midday. In south: tavoial trunk [taatonge] [taviai] tatuk [n] 1. penis sheath. 2. baby's nappy. tavin [desc] unskilled (at fishing,hunting 3. part of shell of crab which is broken off etc) [tavinu] when it is eaten or killed [taatuku] tavinavong [t] midnight. Variant of: taul [adj] next PNCV: *takuRu behind metavinavong [tavinavongi] [tau] tavinavong tahos [t] still of the night. tau2 [sintr] go behind. See: lete tau; rO Namatil vo tavinavong tahos ka narae ngoni tau; katau [tau] tounal! koan onen tovuli sasa vuli kat hek keilu tedan. I slept until the stillof the night 158 and I felt the old woman's magic things tavoite [link] (n) trunk of tree. V olia reaching out and holding both of my legs. maisuk mllsil tavoinga vina vo nesa. Then [tavingavongi tahosi] the spider went all the way up the trunk of the native almond tree. Synonym: vatte. In tavisengeite [link] (n) broken pieces. south: tavoleite [tavoi-] A muvahas sosipen, sosipen mahoi mukok, tavisengeite tiimai viik, tii mai viik. They tavolaias [n] kind of shellfish [tavolaiase] broke the saucepan up, and some of the pieces went this way, and some went that tavoleite [link] (s) trunkof tree. In north: way. Synonym: masokeite. In south: tavoite [tavole-] tavisengaite [tavisenge-] tavopoli [adj] black. Synonym: tavoi1 [n] bush nut (Barringtonia edulis) tamalikelik. Derived from: vopoli [ta PNCV: *tavoRa [tavoi] vopoli] tavoi2 [n] cone shell (Conus species) tavungen [suff] fruit that has fallen down [tavoi] because it has been chewed by something [tavunge-] tavoi ailah [n] kind of bush nut [tavoi ailahi] tavungen asu [n] coconut that is still good, but which fell to the ground because tavoi atuva [n] kind of bush nut [tavoi the stem has been chewed off by a rat atuvaa] [tavunge-ne asue] tavoi hoev [n] (n) kind of bush nut with teahui 1 rind] 1. much. 2. many; numerous. large nuts. In south: tavoi holey [tavoi Tomat Ren ro en vangen leirumrum avong hoeve] teahui, aven ka/i. Tomat Ren had been in the belly of the whale for many days and tavoi koa keken [n] kind of cone shell his body was cramped. Synonym: houlu; (Conus malacanus) [tavoi koa kekene] hau; musav [teahui] tavoi koa kur mak vivirilu [n] kind of teahui2 [n] flat clear place [teahui] cone shell (Conus marmoreus) [tavoi koa kuri maaki viviriluu] teai [n] (n) l. axe. Synonym: vatiteai . 2. clam shell. 3. anchor. In south: telai tavoi koa muoh [n] kind of cone shell PNCV: *taJai [teai] son teai weigh [tavoi koaa muoho] anchor; be anchored. S LV tiison teai enout Tahi. There is a ship anchored at Tahi. tavoi koa malikelik [n] kind of cone shell [tavoi koaa malikeliko] teamet [intr] (n) [of leaf] green. Ouaikei/ teametvii en ahang, ka ahang rup an v ina tavoi koa voite keih [n] thick-shelled nesa. When the green leaves went onto the cone [tavoi koaa voi-itee keiho] fire, the fire put smoke out which went up in the air. In south: tametes [teamete] tavoi mesai [n] kind of bush nut [tavoi mesai] teavis [intr] (n) unripe. Alesi ke ahis teavis, romedei varei. They saw that the tavoi reasu [n] kind of bush nut [tavoi banana was unripe, it wasn't ripe at all. In reasuu] south: telavis [teaviso] tavoi tisa [n] kind of bush nut [tavoi tebeko [n] kind of sweet potato [tebeekoo] tiisaa] tedan [adj ] lower. Variant of: tanetan. tavoiaJ [loe] (s) in the village. In north: Derived from: dan [te-dano] urilin tedan taviai [tavoialo] knee hen tedan foot; leg. 159 tedas [n] (n) 1. coastal person (as against sloping coconut tree. Derived from: teite; someone frominland). 2. someone who matou [tei-matou] knows the ways of the sea. In south: vedas. Derived from: teni; atas [teni-tasi] teiok [intr] flat. Synonym: vopa [teioke] tega rind] nine (in lisefseflanguage). teipah en] 1. thick part of stem of coconut Synonym: ouhat [teegaa] leaf. 2. dry coconut leaf that has fallen to the ground [teipaahe] tehi-Santo en] (s) kind of sugarcane with largest and fattest sections of all teite [link] 1. hand of bananas. Tovuli kan sugarcanes, having green skin, straight ahis, ro sakini va teite tiii evus, ka tamun marks and white fibre(brought to Paama evus, ka tamun evus. The old woman ate from Santo by people from Tahi). the bananas until eventually one hand was Synonym: haso Santo. In north: finished, then another, and then another. 2. maJiven me-Tahi; marion me-Tahi . log [tei-] Derived from: ateh; Santo [tehi-sadoo] teivakili1 en] body of canoe (rather than terunga en] (s) kind of sugarcane with thin the outrigger, sail and outriggerpoles). cane, white fibre and black skin. In north: Vakili viles varei, alakei va danka teivakili voinga. Derived from: ateh; inga [tehi kei viniisuk vusai. The canoe turned right ingaa] over with the sail pointing down and the body of the canoe upside down. Derived terutan en] cemetery. Synonym: rarutan. from: teite; vakili [tei-vakilii] See: atan [tehi-i-tano] teivakili2 en] kind of crab [teivakilii] terute [link] vine. tehiouh yam vine. Synonym: tukulite; vieite; viau [tehi-] teksas en] kind of dance in which males and females partner each other (while tei rind] some of. M eatin tei fm ai usilinau. dancing to stringband music). Amul auvol Some of the people will come and fo llow en teksas. They are dancing with partners. me. Tei va tai en ahang? Has some of it Bislama: Teksas (from English Texas) already gone onto the rI Te? Synonym: [teksase] koan; hav [tei] telaim floc] (s) home. In north: teim teiai 1 en] 1. log. Teiai ta sesai va enout [telaimo] LIm an.A log floated to Epi. 2. corpse; dead body. Mevamelekat koakeilesuk amul, telamun [adj] ancient. Derived from: melekat teiai one. We went looking for the mulamun [te-Iamune] bodies of the others who were left. 3. body (of living person). Kei rae ngon miihien en teluahin en] a few females. See: etel; teiaionen, mules matilen avet. He fe lt pain ahin [teluahine] in his body so he stayed in bed. Synonym: aven. Derived from: teite; ai [tei-i-ai] teluga rind] three (in lisefseflanguage). Synonym: etel [telugaa] teiai2 en] kind of breadfruit [teiai] telumali en] 1. a few males. E telumali, teilang en] sky PNCV: *ta?elagi type of telmai te//evfs to unahek! Hey, you guys, cloud [teilangi] come and have a look at this! 2. a few people. Telumiili tenout Ifira aseseini tai. teim floc] (n) home. lnau navit mahateim . The Ifira people have refused. See: etel; I am going to go home. In south: telaim mali [telumaalii] [teimo] temae [intr] (n) 1. easy. Selasien orer teimatou en] sloping coconut tree. tenout V oum temaes avaselasini. Our Namu seh en teimatou tao I rested against a language from Paamais easy to speak. 2. 160 cheap; inexpensive. Synonym: mot In Kei milmon terapolral min atouli tii. He got south: temale [temaee] into trouble with a girl. temat [n] devil. Tematmusou koe meatin tesavl [ind] other; another. Tesav musil hos ke vfven suval tematkeil. The devil tilnali v ut v fta en atas. Another followed his sang over the man so that he would smell brother and jumped into the sea. A touli keil like them. [temate] PNCV: *?atamate tesav, en vati munakvatetalihe, retalihe. ghost/spirit. Any of the other girls, if they wanted to get married, they would get married. [teesavo] tematul [n] old person. Derived from: matu[te-matue] resav2 [intr] 1. different; be changed. 0, koakeilu lutesav tuai.Oh, the two of them tematu2 [intr] [of frrst fruit in season] have changed. 2. strange; weird. Keik ripen. Synonym: menmOtaini [tematuu] kotesav . You are weird. See: teresav [reduplicated form] [teesavo] tematiien [n] senility; old age. Derived from: matu [te-matuu-ene] teta [mod] 1. any. 2. some particularone. 3. somebody. Variant of: tetai. See: tai temau [adj] whole; complete. Lekatatuv [tetaa] onen vis nahi avati temausomok ka ro votfdei. He had been looking for his tetahos [intr] good (in large numbers). arrow for something like a whole month, Derived from: tahos [by reduplication] but he couldn't find it. A ngu mul vongien [te-tahosi] temau ka meneai. The hurricane stayed for a whole night and a day. Variant of: mau tetai [mod] 1. any. 2. some particular one. [temau] 3. somebody.Nahi meatin tetm kuri. Perhaps somebody took it. Variant of: teta. ten kosas [int] goodbye; farewell. See: ta [tetaai] Derived from: teni; kosa [teni kosaa-se] tetall [n] snake. Synonym: arnot; sinek teni [prep] 1. of (partitive). asem ten vakili [tetali] outriggerof canoe. 2. characteristic. out ten eang windy place. 3. for (duration). Tokita tetal2 [n] kind of yam with irregular shape keil alesi ka avit heromilmtei ten avong elu. and protruberances corning out in all The doctors saw him and said he shouldn't directions. Synonym: mesau [tetali] work for two days. Synonym: eni [teni] tetal3 [sintr] appear. Tehiouh ta mul kis tenout [prep] (n) of (a place). selusien tetal. A yam vine is appearing.Derived tenout V oum Paamese language. In south: from : tal [by reduplication] [te-tali] tenaut. See: teni ; out [tenoute] tetali [str] go through. Lukiles tetal terak [n] car. Terak onom kolingi kave? meteriril en vakili. They drilled the holes Where have you parked your car? through the canoe. Derived from: tali [by Synonym: vatiaian; vakili. Bislama: trak reduplication] [te-tali] (from English truck) [terake] tetalihen [n] (n) 1. marriage. M eatin keil teram [n] 44-gallon drum (used for storing koan avfsinausomok en tetalihen, ka navit run-off rainwater from roof) . Bislama: vuol, inaunir oretalihetei. Some people dram [terame] came to ask me about marriage, but I said no, I wasn't going to get married. 2. terapol [n] 1. trouble; disturbance. 2. wedding; wedding celebration. In south: social problem. Amul aselus namalven tetalihelen. Derived from: retalihe terapol tii. They are discussing a problem in [tetalihe-ene] the meeting house. Bislama: trOOol [terapoli] rnumon terapol get into trouble. 161 tetamure [intr] (n) short (in large tevin [suff] 1. grandmother. 2. numbers). Derived from: tamure [by grandfather. 3. ancestor. lr kosa rovite reduplication]. In south: tetanwrel [te 'evut', ka seLUsien telamu, tevir keil aviteni tamuree] avite 'muli' . Today we say evut for 'jump', but in the old language, our ancestors used tetekal [n] kind of large bird [tetekali] to say muli. Synonym: mematu; meatin matu [tevi-] teter[n] 1. roasted breadfruit that has been rolled flatto a paste and coated with tevinahin [suff] 1. grandmother. 2. thickened coconut milk. Synonym: hOhoi. mother-in-law. Synonym: avu; avu 2. roasted breadfruit that is flattened against tomahin; tomahin [tevi-] a leaf in the hand [tetere] tevinali [suff] grandfather. Synonym: tetes [n] kind of plant [teteso] avu; avu tomali; tomali [tevi-] reresav [intr] different fromeach other. Ii [n] tea. Synonym: oai tatin. Bislama: ti K osa kites holholiveta keitu min vasir [tii] mun Ii have breakfast. lutetesav, veni keke vasir kur kulmeakoien onen holholiveta. Today you can see that timn[n] (s) sugar ants. In north: titin the flycatcher and the honeyeater are [tidinu] different from each other because the honeyeater took the flycatcher's dye. lihe [n] (n) kind of grass which has edible Derived from: tesav [by reduplication] roots. In south: lihel [tiihee] [tee-teesavo] lihel [n] (s) kind of grass which has edible tetohoni [str] imitate. Ek vati moum roots. In north: lihe [tiihele] tetohoni min kamfmiva/ongtei. I want to imitate it for you all to hear. PNCV: *tovo tilev [n] dew. In north also: manni; measure [tetohoni] heiman [tileve] tetoun1 [int] really? Navfs ehon tiii navit timadei [n] (s) small fish that lie on rocks kovaha ve? Kei vit vaha 'Vi/d' ka inau in large numbers together and which can be navit 'Tetoun?" I asked a boy where he caught by hand for bait. In north: madei was going and he said "Vila", and I said [timadei] "Really?" [tetounu] timahit [n] (n) 1. albino. 2. white pig. In tetoun2 [sintr] do slowly. Namules south: mahiteli [timahite] namual tetoun en sfse. I am just strolling along the road. See: retoun. In south: timaru [n] orphan PNCV: *madua tetaun [te-tounu] alone/separate [timarue] tetovoai [sintr] 1. do one after the other; timasias [n] (s) baby crab. In north: do in turns. 2. in opposition; one against the masias [timaasiase] other. M eatin tii keilu min volia lumum tetovoai. A man and a spider worked lime [n] (n) friend. En umen vasf amilmoni against each other. See: retovoai; sel en usfte ten tfme, avf tue Uses. They did tetovoai; mOm tetovoai [tetovoai] everything for their friends,and they were friends forever. Synonym: lime tahos; tetu[intr] [of penis] erect. On tetu. His tuen; tflnali; tuak. 2. brother. In south: penis is erect. Synonym: keih; lau [tetuu] limol [tiimee] rev [n] tape-recorder. Bislama: tep (from lime tahos [n] (n) friend. Mulamun ahu English tape) [teeve] keitu min meau lura ut luv f time tahos. Before when the turtle and the scrub duck used to both live on land they were friends. 162

Synonym: time; tuen; tfmali. In south: tinaiv [n] (n) small knife; pocket knife; timol tahos [tiimee tahosi] butter knife. In south: titiau. Derived from: tite; naiv [tii-naive] time tisa [n] (n) enemy. Huli keilu min basi luvf time tfsa viirei. The dog and the cat tinaridis [n] someone who gives are really bad enemies. In south: timol something and then asks for it back tisa [tiimee tiisaa] [ tinaridisi] timehit [desc] [of living things] tiny. Vuas tinealen [suff] sole of foot. Synonym: koanik vf timehit viireis. This is a tiny pig. tinehen; votehen. Derived from: tineite; Synonym: titimehit. Derived from: tite alen [tine-alo-] [tii-mehite] tinehen [suff] 1. palm of hand. 2. sole of timevai [n] (n) shark which is controlled foot. Synonym: tinealen; votehen. by someone to eat people and leave remains Derived from: tineite; hen [tine-hee-] on the beach. Mulamu, eis koankosa avise en 'siik', mulamu avise en 'tfmeviii'. The tinehis [n] (n) goatfish (Parapercidae). thing that today we call 'sak',used to be Synonym: sisihoai. In south: iemiel called 'timevai' before. In south: ok onen [tinehise] val [tiimevaai] tineite [link] flat surface [tine-] timol [n] (s) friend. In north: time [tiirnole] tinevaneihat [n] clear cloudless blue sky. Derived from: tineite; vaneihat [tine tin [suff] 1. intestines. 2. guts; innards. 3. vanei-i-hatu] central dark rings of tree trunk. 4. edible white pith inside sprouting coconut. 5. tinhilhili [n] kind of island cabbage with white interior of tree fern trunk PNCV: reddish coloured leaves. Derived from: *tina?e [tino-] tin mahisi feel sorry for atin; vilhili [tinu-hili-hilii] tintisa be angry. Keil arang ltit iii ran vatfnga sakinitin tfsa. They knocked down tinianien [n] used pudding leaves. the wood from the trunk of the native Derived from: tinite; anien [tini-ani-ene] almond tree, which made him angry. tin lOis feel sorry. Tinok mfs yen kamf. I feel tiniol [n] (s) soft heliconia leaves used as sorry for you all. tin kati feel angry with. innermost layer aroundfood to be wrapped Tinom niittei inau. What if you feel angry for cooking. In north: tinue. Derived from: with me? tin meraustrong-willed; not tinite [tini-ole] easily aroused tin tahos 1. feel like something. 2. calm down. Koan ke tin tinite [link] used pudding leaves. A kan tahos kani, koan ke kan oreliahu tfsa, kei okohis evus, avina alah tinite vina mutaluh seseini. Whoever felt like it ate them, and hoim eni v f taluh. When they had eaten the whoever didn't like turtle eggs declined. tin banana pudding, they went and covered the si pleased. Inau tinok sfnau keke mahalis roof of the house with the used leaves as its votal min Pango keil. I would be pleased to ridge capping. [tini-] row against the people from Pan go. tin kon angry tin veheng angry tin katiat tinivusen [suff] penis sheath PNCV: , 1. angry. 2. jealous. *bwasa [tinivuso-] I tin [n] tin; can. Bislarna: tin [tiini] tinmasise [n] (n) kind of island cabbage with serrated-edged leaves. In south: tinInen buluk [n] kind of island cabbage. tinmasisel. Derived from: atin; masise Derived from: atin [tinu-mee-ne buluku] [tinu-masisee] tin-Nou [n] kind of island cabbage. Derived from: atin; Nou [tinu-Nou] 163 tinruvruvon en] (n) kind of island tisaen en] sin. Synonym: sakien tatisa. cabbage. In south: tinruvorovon. Derived Derived from: tisa [tiisaa-ene] from: atin [tinu-ruvo-ruvone] tisas [intr] sL. tremendous; fantastic. tinue en] (n) soft heliconia leaves used as (Corresponds in meaning to Bislama i innennost layerarou nd food to be wrapped nogud nomo). Derived from: tisa [tiisaa for cooking. Synonym: metouai. In south: se] tiniol [tinuee] tiser en] catechist. Early Bislama: tiser . tinvangolngol en] (n) kind of island [tiisere] cabbage. In south: tinvangolingol. Derived from: atin [tinu-vangoli-ngoli] tisien en] 1. writing. 2. handwriting. Tisien onak tfsa viireis. My handwriting is very tinvelet en] kind of island cabbage. bad. Derived from: mutis [tisi-ene] Derived from: atin; velet [tinu-veleete]. titamol en] short long-haired being with tinvis en] tinned fish. Bislama: tinfis long fingernails that lives in the roots of [tinviise] banyan trees and who causes evil (Bislama Lisefsej) [titamoli] tingili en] kind of yam which is very large [tingilii] titan [suff] 1. son; daughter. TUiii keil ke avas keil noutenek vesesal avatetalihe. Their tipalengat en] (s) black ground lizard. In children who were born there were about to north: palengat [tipalengati] get married. 2. offspring (of animal) [tiitaa-] tipot en] teapot. Bislama: tipot [tiipote] titan ato en] chick [tiitaa-ne atoo] tirausis en] shorts. Bislama: traosis (from titan buIuk en] calf [tiitaa-ne buluku] English trousers) [tirausise] titan hOs en] foal [tiitaa-ne hoosi] tiredanl [adj] wild; feral. Synonym: redan [tiredanu] titan un en] inner tube of tyre [tiitaa-ne uiile] tiredan2 en] wild animal [tiredanu] tite [link] diminutive. tfvuas piglet [tii-] tires en] dress. Bislama: dres [tirese] titi rind] seven (in Lisefs ef language). tiret en] 1. cotton (for sewing). 2. suture; Synonym: oulu [tiitii] stitch in wound. A kuLiiJtiret onaken kLinik. My stitches were taken out at the clinic. titiali en] 1. baby (especially one that is Bislama: tred (from English thread) [tiret] just at the sitting-up stage). K ei vfta ro kas nunu mon titiali. She went down and was tis en] dish. Bislama: dis [tiisi] washing the baby's blanket. 2. small firestick which is rubbed against larger tisal [intr] 1. bad. 2. wrong. PNCV: piece of wood in fr remaking. Luvit Luvahilei *saqati [tiisaa] tin tisa angry ulin tisa ahang ka Luras titiali teni. They wanted to depressed tisa seso tremendous; fantastic. make a fire, so they scraped the bark off the Keik komun malou tfsa seso viirei. You small fr restick for it. [titialii] drinka fantastic amount of kava. titiau en] (s) small knife; pocketknife; butter knife. In north: tinaiv. Derived tisa2 [sintr] do badly. See: sak tisa from: [titi-eau] [tiisaa] titite; eau 164 titien [n] (n) 1. boxing. Ihfseinau en titien. toahin [n] (n) hen. In south: toletau. They are going to teach me boxing. 2. fight. Derived from: ato; ahin [too-ahine] In south: tituen. Derived from: mutit [titu-ene] toeai [n] (n) sap. Derived from: toeite; ai [toe-aai] titimehit [desc] [of living things] tiny. Synonym: timehit [titi-mehite] toeite [link] (n) 1. sap. toemago sap from mango tree. Synonym: ote. 2. exusion titin[n] (n) sugar ants. In south: tidin from plant. toeveta white exusion from PNCV: *didiu red ant [titinu] breadfruit. In south: toaite PNCV: *toto [toe-] titiriiman [n] small bird's nest. Synonym: nOrnan. Derived from: titite [titi-rumanu] toeiven [suff] (n) sweat; perspiration. In south: toaiven; mad. Synonym: avetin. titite [link] 1. little; small. Synonym: Derived from: toeite; aven [toe-i-ve-] havivi; havipi; vorette; vOlVorette. 2. baby. Kei vul eisin mon titfte. She bought toen[n] residence. Ulmatu ta en vatikeke some clothes for the baby. Synonym: voumon ta toen onen viimaivot ahos. The titiali [titi-] old man wanted to make himself a nice residence. Derived from: ro PNCV: tivava [n] 1. very young baby. Amul *tokoana [too-ene] amulelon tfvava keil navong keke amul amfs. They sing lullabies to little babies tohau [n] young chicken that is very tender when they cry. 2. pupil in eye [tiivavaa] to eat. Derived from: ato; hau [too-haau] tiven [suff] spit; sputum. See: mutiv tohavum [n] kind of fish like needlefish [tive-] [tohaavume] tivirit [n] 1. bat. 2. into penis [tiviritu] tohilhili [n] chicken with all-brown feathers. Derived from: ato; vilhili tivon1 [n] kind of crab [tivone] [too-hili-hilii] tivon2 [n] kind of tree [tivone] tohi llangis [n] chicken with untidy fe athers that stick out all over like hair. tivon malik [n] kind of tree similar to Synonym: tohilsesah; to- Veranis. tivon but with dark leaf instead of green Derived from: ato; ahil; langis [too-hilu leaf [tivonemaliko] langise] tivonvon [n] kind of tree. In south: tohilsesah [n] chicken with untidy tivonevon [tivone-vone] feathers that stick out all over like hair. Synonym: tohillangis; to-Veranis. tivuas [n] piglet. Derived from: tite; vuas Derived from: ato; ahil; sesah [too-hilu [tii-vuas] sesaahi] tivuel [intr] not exist. Vulf eastin ouhatis, tohtohien [n] (n) joke. Tata onak mul koan hiilualim tivuel. He counted his sukul, keil auva amules amumon tohtohien chestnuts and there were only nine, the en ulmatu. While my father was leading the tenth was not there. Variant of: tovuel; service, they would come and make jokes tovuol; tovuo [tivueli] of the old man. In south: tohotohoen. Derived from: rohtoh [toho-toho-ene] to [sintr] Only in ve to [too] tohulu [n] edible new leaves of treefern . toah[n] chicken with all-white feathers. See: hulu [tohulue] Derived from: ato; muoh [too-aho] 165 toiau [n] 1. wind coming from the toman2 [n] kind of shellfish (Gari direction of southeast Ambrym (i.e. truncata) [tomane] northeast wind). 2. kind of fish. In south: tOiau PNCV: *tokolau [tooiau] tomatl [n] peace. PNCV: *tamwata [tomato] toiautan [n] (n) wind coming from the direction of north Ambrym (i.e. northwest tomat2 [n] tomato. Bislama: tomat(from wind). In south: tolautan. Derived from: French tomate) [tomate] toiau; atan [tooiau-tano] tomatoh [n] patch of sea that is completely tokita [n] doctor. Bislama: dokta [tokitaa] becalmed (even without ripples on surface). Derived from: tomat; muoh [tomato-oho] tolau [n] wind coming from the direction of southeast Ambrym. In north: toiau tomatu [n] old chicken that is very tough [toolau] to eat. Derived from: ato; matu [too matuu] toletau [n] (s) hen. In north: Wahin. Derived from: ato; letau [too-Ietau] tomeahos [n] (n) rooster. In south: totoman. Derived from: ato; meahos tomah [n] potato yam. Synonym: romano [too-meahosi] [tomaaho] tomorin [n] kind of sugarcane similar to tomah hoev [n] (n) kind of potato yam sisil and having brown fibre [tomorine] with large tuber. In south: tomah holev [tomaaho hoeve] tomoru [n] kind of shellfish [tomoruu] tomah Iirel [n] kind of potato yam toni [str] 1. miss. Kei vuli ton ato kei!. He [tomaaho liirelu] miscounted the chickens. 2. go past. Nauva ton out Navul. I went past Navul. See: vuli tomah otas [n] kind of potato yam toni; kurtoni. Reduplicated form totoni. [tomaaho otasi] [too-nil tomah ouh [n] kind of potato yam toredan [n] wild chicken. Derived from: [tomaaho ouhu] ato; redan [too-redanu] tomahsOk [n] kind of potato yam toreremav [n] (n) chicken with black and [tomaaho sooko] white fe athers. Derived from: ato; reremav. In south: toredelmav [too-rere tomah vatin [n] kind of potato yam maavi] [tomaaho vatine] tos [n] torch. Tos onak lah pi!. My torch tomahin [n] grandmother. Synonym: avu; shines in a narrow beam. Synonym: eisil. avu tomahin; tevinahin [tomahine] Bislama: tos [toose] tomaH [n] grandfather. Synonym: avu; toselali [n] fully-grown chicken which is avu tomaH; tevinali [tomalii] still very small. Derived from: ato[too selalii] tomalik[n] chicken with all-black feathers. Derived from:ato; malik[too tot [n] seat in canoe or boat. Naleh liit maliko] vatihos, naling rev! en out ten tot. I pulled the oar out and put it carefully on the seat. tomanl [adj ] male; masculine. Synonym: Synonym: tiiri. Bislama: twot (from meahos PNCV: *tamwane [tomane] English thwart) [toote] 166 toti [n] l. rubbish; garbage. Synonym: seen it. Derived from: toUD; vatin [tou tahul. 2. rubbish tin.S oni vahiien toti. vatu-] Throw it into the bin. Bislama: doti (from English dirty) [tootii] out ten toti rubbish touveieh [loe] (n) outside (of yard, tip. garden, village or fenced area). Ltlmai touvieh ran ah.The two of them came totisa [n] firstrooster to crow in the early outside the garden. In south: tauveieh. morning before daybreak. Derived from: Derived from: tOUD; veieh [tou-veiehe] ato; tisa [too-tiisaa] va touveieh defecate. toto [int] into sit [totoo] toy en] (n) kind of tree.In south: tiJhau [tove] totoman en] (s) rooster. In north: tomeahos. Derived from: ato; toman tovaisel [loe] (s) other side; across. In [too-tomane] north: toveise [tovaisele] totoni [str] miss all over. Derived from: tovak1 en] kind of yam [tovaki] toni [by reduplication] [too-too-ni] tovak2 en] tobacco. Bislama: tabak (from toUD[suf f] (n) l. behind; back of. Munak French tabac) [tovake] stik tovak tobacco namusei va en touk, nales out Limankei stick. vesesal. When I looked behind myself, I saw that Epi was nearby. M evina en sitoa toval en] arrowroot [tovali] onen Ballande, toun ke vina nesa. We went to Ballande's store, at the back. 2. outside. tovat en] kind of shellfish [tovaato] toun veieh outside the fence. 3. underside. Teivakili kei vinasuk vilsai, tounesuk vina toveise [loc] (n) l. other side. 2. across. nesa. The bodyof the canoe tippedupside Keilu 111maris toveise. The two of them down and the underside was facing came across. Synonym: toveite; usite; upwards. In south: taUD [tou-] usit; nusit; tav. In south: tovaisel [toveisee] tounah en] (n) l. thing. 2. evil thing. Naraengonikeke tounah onen tovuli sasa toveite [link] (n) 1. other side. A hi ling vuli kat hek keilu tedan. I could feel that the meatin mulamunen toveite ven kamfenout old woman's evil things were reaching for netan. God created the first person on the me and holding me by the legs. In south: other side, down your way in the south. 2. tauneh [tounahe] across. Synonym: toveise; usite; usit; nusit; tav. In south: tovaite PNCV: toupeis en] (n) back wall of house. *tavala [tove-] Derived from: toun; peis. In south: taupeis [tou-peisi] to-Veranis en] chicken with untidy feathers that stick out allover like hair. tousal en] (n) sea-snake. Synonym: Synonym: tohilsesah; tohillangis. talimot. In south: tausal PNCV: Derived from: ato; Veranis [too *tukusali [tousali] veraanise] tout [desc] (n) l. uncultured; uncivilised; tovi en] arrogance [toovi] mflmon tovi 'bushy'. 2. knowing only the ways of the onen arrogant. Veriinisman keil amul bush. 3. someone who lives in the bush. In amumontov i one. French people are south: taut Derived from: ut [to-ute] arrogant. touvatin [suff] back of head. M etom val tovuel [intr] not exist. Manu onak en touvatum, kovalesi. If you had eyes in vatovuel, olala! If only I had no sores oh the back of your head, you would have boy! Variant of: tovuol; tovuo; tivuel [tovuoli] 167 tovuel sesai [intr] not a single one tukulite [link] vine. Vurutii mul en [tovueli sesai] tukuliouh. There was a pig among the yam vines. Synonym: tehite; vieite [tukuli-] tovuli [n] 1. old woman. 2. sl. wife. Tovuli onom tovuel veah? You don't have a tomas [n] kind of yam with small tuber wife yet? Synonym: ason; ahin; atau. 3. [tuumaasi] kind of butterfly [tovulii] tooahin [suff] sister (of woman) [tuu-] rovulimeas [n] (n) chicken with all-grey feathers. In south: tovulimolas. Derived tonali [suff] 1. brother (of man). from: ato; vulirneas [too-vuli-measu] Synonym: tuen. 2. friend. Synonym: time; time tahos; tuen [tuu-] tovuo [intr] not exist. Variant of: tovuol; tovuel; tivuel. See: vuo [tovuoo] tfmien [n] (n) story. Synonym: seliisien. In south: toouen. Derived from: Iiin tovuol [intr] not exist. Tounah tovuol [tuunu-ene] mosiini minuk. I have nothing to give you. Variant of: tovuo; tovuel. See: vuol tungen [n] fight; row; argument. [tovuoli] M aritungenenga! It was a big fight! Synonym: sikien [tungene] tuai [mod] (n) already. Koakeilu lutesav tuai. The pair of them had already changed. tuo [n] address term for friend. Synonym: Variant of: tai. In south: tai PNCV: *tuai tuak [tuo] [tuai] tuolok [n] (n) kind of shellfish (Limaria tuak [n] 1. brother; sister. lnau nakur vakili orientalis). In south: tuelok [tuoloke] tii komalmin tunk tii. I got a canoe, along with one of my brothers. 2. address term tupan [n] cigarette. See: mpan [tupanu] for friend. Synonym: tuo PNCV: *tuaka [tuaku] tupehau [n] (n) branch of tree that has been trimmed off into straight sticks. In tueitin [t] 1. for a long time. Narolestei south: tupahau. Derived from: tupeite; keik tueitin. I haven't seen you for a long hau [tupe-haau] time. 2. long time ago. Nalesuk tueitin. I saw you a long time ago. [tueitine] tupeite1 [link] (n) 1. branch. Titamol vite "M ehehiisuk mehkur tupev ilu mehmai tuelok [n] (s) kind of shellfish. In north: mehouruinau eni". The lisefs ef said "Go tuolok [tueloke] and bring a vilu branch and kill me with it". 2. young tree. tupematou young coconut tuen [suff] 1. brother (of man). Synonym: tree. 3. [of anything animate] young. Ato tonali. 2. friend. Synonym: time; time esak tupeite veah. My chicken is still tahos [tuo-] young. In south: tupaite [tupe-] toh [n] small crab fo und on sand [tuuhu] tupeite2 [link] (n) short piece. In south: tupaite [tupe-] toh sesal [n] small crab with long legs found on sand [tuuhu sesali] tupuas [n] kind of shellfish with long thin point used for making arrow heads tohau [n] (s) kind of tree. In north: tOY (Certihium matukense and Terebra species) [tuuhau] [tupuase] tuhtuh [n] (n) kind of fern with edible leaf. turis [n] tourist. Bislama: turis [turise]. In south: tuhutuh [tuhu-tuhu] miimon turis go on a tourist trip. 168

tiis en] obs. book (especially one ueinauli [int] oh dear; expression of pity. containing religious writings). Synonym: Ueinauli! Hen mavuiuli! Oh dear! He's got biikPolynesian: tusi [tuusi] a broken leg! Derived from: ue; inau [ue inau-lii] TOS Votiit en] Bible. Akur varein Tus Votut ta va viirei en outenek. They took a ueirnI en] yam stakes which direct vines in Bible right to that place. [tuusi votuute] circular pattern around place where yam is planted [ueirali] Toste [t] Tuesday. Synonym: avong elu. Bislama: Tusde [tuustee] uel en] well. Synonym: vuluai; vulioai. Bislama: wei [ueele] tiitou en] kind of breadfruit [tuutou] uen [suff] 1. string. 2. handle of basket. tutu [int] into sleep; go bye-byes. Taso tutu. uen atuvoi handle of coconut leafbasket Go bye-byes Taso. [tutuu] [ue-]

uen hisuput en] bowstring [ue-ne hisuputi] - u - uen en] (n) swimming. Unu keil areingeingen uen. The unu don't know how uah en] kind of tree [uaahe] to swim. In south: olen. Derived from: mue [uee-ene] uai Only in mesai urn. Derived from: muai [uaai] ueneh en] scorpion fish [uenehe] uan en] 1. brother-in-law; sister-in-law. Ueneste [t] Wednesday. Synonym: Synonym: taulet. 2. term of address for avong etel. Bislama: Wenesde [uenestee] brother-in-law or sister-in-law. Synonym: mase [uani] uererem en] (n) foodpipe; oesophagus. In south: ueredelem. Derived from: uen; uanpaun1 en] kind of cooking banana. remi [ue-re-reemi] Bislama: wan poon one pound [uanpaune] uerie rind] seventeen (in lisefs ef uanpaun2 en] kind of yam. Bislama: wan language). Synonym: tai dan oulu poon one pound [uanpaune] [ueriee] lillv en] wharf; jetty. Bislama: waf [uaave] uh [int] yam! (shouted when yam planter has hole dug and is ready for a yam to be ue [int] oh; expression of surprise. Kei vite brought to him for planting). See: ouh 'Ve, inaumun nareingeingeni!" He said [uhu] "Oh, I don't know either!" [uee] uhaJ [loc] 1. place other than home. K ei lah uehili en] rope for tethering animal maritounahenek viisuk mul en meteimal [ uehilii] onen ka uhalusuk keil amui alonglongoni. Then he took that great thing to his village, uehis en] string of bow. Naling vilai atuv and other villages got to hear about it. 2. mul en uehis. I put the arrow carefully elsewhere. Out Lulevnesa rosuvaltei against the bowstring. Derived from: uen; meteimal vasf keil tenout uhal. Lulevnesa is ahis [ue-hisu] not like other villages elsewhere. [uhalu] ueil en] yam stakes which direct vines uhau en] 1. new year. 2. new yam season. uphill towards top of garden [ueili] 3. celebration of the new season's yams. Derived from : ouh; hau [uhu-haau] 169 uheuh [n] (s) New Guinea basswood ufte amiim onak.They ate three chickens as (Endospermum medullosum). In north: a reward for working for me. [uii-] uhouh [uhe-uhe] uiv[n] Pacific pigeon (Ducula pacifica). uhia [n] wild yam [uhiaa] See: mva PNCV: *kuiba [uiive] uhia aev [n] (n) kind of wild yam. In south: uhia alev [uhiaa aeve] mva [n] Baker's pigeon (Ducula bakeri). See: mv [uiivaa] uhia as [n] kind of wild yam [uhiaa aasi] ulhoshos [n] (n) brave, generous and uhia latov [n] kind of wild yam [uhiaa considerate person. Derived from: ulin; latove] hoshos. In south: ulihosihos [uli-hosi hosi] uhouh [n] (n) New Guinea basswood; whitewood (Endospermum medullosum). ulihin [n] child who doesn't cry even In south: uheuh [uhouhe] when punished. Amuasi romuiiitei, vf ulihin, vfs iii. When he gets hit, he doesn't uhumahit [n] kind of yam with strong cry, and he asks for the stick (i.e. he asks to smell. Derived from: ouh; mahit [uhu be beaten more). Derived from: ulin [u1i mahite] hine] uhumatu [n] preceding year. Derived ulikehikeh [n] (s) membrane around from: ouh; matu. Synonym: sua matu internal organ. In north: ulkahkah. [uhu-matuu] Derived from: ulin [uli-kehi-kehi] uhutau [n] next year. Derived from: ouh; ulin [suff] seat of emotions [ulu-] ulin tau [uhu-tau] metau afraid ulin tisadepre ssed ulin maleilei get a fright ulin kan afraid kur uikOko [n] larynx; voice box [uikookoo] ulin mini indebted to (one's uncle, for having cut himself after one's circumcision uil [n] 1. wheel. 2. tyre. un onom mahoi. to ensure the healing of the wound). Kokur You've got a flat tyre. Bislama: wi! [uiile] ulum minau. You are indebted to me for having cut myself for your circumcision. uilaheah [n] current. A vati mil, sakin uilaheah keih. It was full moon,so there ulipelesia [n] kind of tree [ulipelesiaa] was a strong current. [uilaheahe] ulit [n] kind of fern with edible leaf. uit [n] octopus PNCV: *kuRita [uiite] Variant of: kulit [ulite] uit aeh [n] (n) squid. In south: uit aloh ulite [link] 1. bark of tree (especially the [uiite aeho] fibrous kind which easily peels off in long strips and can be used for tying things). uit aeh ten mesai [n] (n) kind of squid uliveave bark of cottonwood tree. 2. dry with no interior shell. In south: uit aloh banana leaf that is hanging down from the ten mesal [uiite aeho teni mesai] trunk of the plant. ulis6k dry leaf of the sok banana. 3. someone who acts too old for uit aeh tenout ut [n] (n) kind of squid their age. Keik kovf ulfte mukok! You are with interior shell. In south: uit aloh acting too old for your age. [uli-] tenautut [uiite aeho tenoute ute] uliven [suff] clothes. Synonym: eisin. uit roma [n] kind of octopus [uiite romaa] Derived from: ulite; aven [uli-i-ve-] uite [link] reward for performing a duty. ulkahkah[n] (n) membrane around ufumen reward for a task. Akan ato etel, internal organ. In south: ulikehikeh. Derived from: ulin [uli-kahi-kahi] 170 ulmatu [n] (n) 1. old man. 2. father. Naro wrou [n] (n) island teak (lntsia bijuga). In V oum ka naraengoni ulmatu onak mesai south: umau[umou] houlu enout Taso. I was on Paama and I heard that my father was very sick on uniavatil [n] kneecap. Synonym: avati; southeast Ambrym. Synonym: tata; itet; luheavati [uniavatio] tamen. In south: ulumatu [ulmatue] uniavati2 [n] edible part of shellfish ulill [n] 1. net; fishingnet. 2. fish trap. 3. [uniavatio] flagonof wine (so-called because the commonly sold flagons of red wine used to unoun [n] (n) crazy person; madman. come in a plastic net with a carrying Synonym: vau. In south: unaun. See: handle). Kei va vul ulUl ta ten lapet. He munoun [unoune] went and bought a flagon forthe party. [ulu-ulu] unul [n] mythical person who does things the exact opposite to real people. (These ulumatu [n] (s) old man. In north: ulmatu people are only known about in the [ulumatue] northern villages of Paama.) Unu keil ason vakili auvaales iii tiiiisen marong avit avan ulungahon [n] kind of starfish which is heite. The unu put their canoe to sea and large and can be eaten [ulungahone] they saw a marong tree and they wanted to eat its fruit. [unuu] ulungen [suff] head of bed (where one places one's pillow). See: oulung; unu2 [n] persistent person [unuu] ulungoite; miilung [ulungo-] ungen [suff] (s) mouth. See: ango. In ulungoite [link] top end of garden slope. north : ongon [ungo-] Kei kol vina vus en ulungoite. She hoed right up to the top of the garden. See: upuas [n] kind of breadfruit [upuasi] ulungen; oulung; mulung [ulungo-] uril [n] grasshopper. Variant of: kuril ulungout [n] top end of garden slope. [urile] Vuasmetau, muloh vina en ulungout. The pig was frightened and it ran up to the top urilin [suff] 1. elbow. Synonym: uriIin of the garden. See: nulungout. Derived tanesa. 2. knee. Synonym: uriIin tedan fro m: ulungoite; out [ulungo-i-ute] PNCV: *duru [urilu-]

Ulveah [n] (n) Lopevi. Vanei muro h urilin tanesa [n] elbow. See: nesa [urili Ulveah en 1961 . The volcano erupted on ne ta-nesaa] Lopevi in 1961. In south: Ulvelah [ulveahi] urilintedan [n] knee. See: dan [urili-ne te-dano] umatou [n] box fi sh PNCV: *mwato?u [umatou] uriov [n] short wall of house [uriovu] umen [n] 1. work. 2. job. Koro Vila tueitin uriov atau [n] (n) back wall of house. In tai kakorokuttei veah umen? You've been south: uriov Jetau [uriovu atau] in Vila for a long time and you haven't got a job yet? 3. task. Derived from: miim[um o uriov toman [n] front wall of house ene] [uriovu tomane] uroosl [n] kind of vegetable [umoso] urumatu [n] deep bush (where usually nobody goes). Meatinmul mual en urnos2 [n] kind of tree [umoso] urumatu, komules koro teim komul kolekati kev ina. If someone went into the deep 171 bush, you could stay at home and look for usit [loc] other side; across. Tematmu l en them up there. Synonym: uruvatiai; usit ka keitel telmul en usit. The devil was uruvatiai tisa [uru-matue] on one side and they were on the other side. Synonym: usite; toveite; toveise; tav. uruvatiai [n] deep bush (where usually See: usite; nusit [usiite] nobody goes). Synonym: uruvatiai Usa; urumatu [uru-vati-aai] usite [link] 1. other side. lnaunamul en usite ten vakili. I was on the other side of uruvatiai tisa [n] deep bush (where the canoe. Synonym: usit; nusit. 2. usually nobody goes). Synonym: across. Asak ras aviimaien usite. They uruvatiai; urumatu [uru-vati-aai tiisaa] couldn't come across. 3. on behalf of; with respect to. lnau naromaiteien usite ten uruvoten [suff] anus. Synonym: vuIitan; politik. I didn't come with respect to metetan vulirais [uru-voto-] politics. 4. point of view [usi-] us [int] rain! (shouted when heavy rain can usiteim [n] (n) clan. Navit mahit mesen be heard approaching on leaves of trees in runien ta en meteimalonak, usiteimonek bush). See: ous [use] avite Ifmalvelah. I want to tell a story about my village, and the clan is Amalvelah. useloh [n] sweeping rain. Derived from: Synonym: amal; heimal; vatiteim; ous; muloh [use-Ioho] vatiamal. In south: usitelaim. Derived from: usite; teim [usi-teimo] userav [n] intermittent rain; showers. Synonym: usesin. Derived from: ous; usiven [suff] side of body. Synonym: ray [use-rave] koun. Derived from : usite; aven [usi-i-ve-] usesin [n] intermittent rain; showers. Synonym: userav. Derived from: ous; usmesai [n] (n) rain falling in unsheltered musin [use-sine] place. In south: usmesal. Derived from: ous; mesai [use-mesai] usili [prep] 1. about. Ek vaJi navit mahiten usOs [n] persistent and successful person. runien ta usil inau navong navi havivi. I Kei vi usus en tounah. He is persistent and want to tell a story about me when I was successful at things. [usu-usu] small. 2. along. N amul namumon ensin usil ut nauva. I was repairing the engine as I ut [loc] 1. ashore (rather than in the sea). 2. went along the coast. 3. among. Meles inland (rather than on the beach) [ute] vatiani tiii mul usil marmariiiikeil PNCV: *?uta. ve ut step ashore ka ut hatetamen. We saw a coconut tree standing travel overland. among the big trees. See: mOsili [usili] ute hau [n] new location. A suv keitel telselas min meaJin keil, amiiin utehau tasuk usimeatin [n] (n) small group of people. keke amitiien. The chiefs spoke to the Kosa meteimal ta tenout Lironesa avise en people and they agreed to a new location to Hinuvoi, ka Hinuvoi vi usimeatin keil come down to. Derived from: out; hau tenout Seneali. Today,there is a clan at [ute-haau] Lironesa called Hinuvoi, and Hinuvoi is a small group from within the Seneali people. utehos [n] safe place. Asakinhisien va vo In south: usimolatin. Derived from: kosa outenek tahosimok, vi utehos usite; meatin [usi-meatine] vasiesuk. They performed prayers until that place became good, and today it is a usioai [n] across the river. TemaJtiii mul completely safe place. [ute-hosi] en usioai tiii.There was a devil on the other utemes [n] 1. place that doesn't have what side of the river. Derived from: usite; oai one wants. 2. boring place. Synonym: [usi-oai] voimes. Derived from: out; mes [ute mese] 172

uteral [n] 1. place to rest along road. 2. uvol [n] kind of wild cane (used for place in bush where one feeds chickens. making yam stakes but not for making Derived from:out; raI [ute-rali] walls of houses) [uvole]

utesav [n] somewhere else. Derived from: uvon [suff] (n) 1. weariness caused by out; say [ute-savo] other people who stayed up all night. Uvon me-Voule/i keil muasinau. I am utiamaru [n] kind of breadfruit. Derived tired because the people at Vouleli were from: utite; amaru [uti-amarue] up all night. 2. sleeping mat. In south: uven [uvo-] utihen [suff] (n) 1. fi ngernail; toenail. 2. hoof. In south: hidihen. Derived from: uvfIv [n] praying mantis [uvu-uvu] utite; hen [uti-hee-] utilau [n] swollen glands in neck. Derived from: utite; eau [uti-i-Iau] - V - utimasil [n] kind of breadfruit. Derived from: utite [uti-masile] va [intr] go. Kava kave nanganeh?Where did you go yesterday? Takes stressed prefix utite [link] 1. seed. utimelen watermelon series e.g. auva. See: vaha; veva seed. 2. someone who is really keen on [reduplicated forms] [haa] va va va keep something. Keik kovf utinem varei. You are on going. Kei ra siistiuen eas esen va va va really keen on spring rolls. [uti-] va eas vesesali vamen. He kept on checking on his chestnuts until they were almost ripe. utivilen [suff] clitoris. Derived from: utite; vilen [uti-vilo-] va koe [tr] (n) 1. swarm over. Ekovei, meatin keil tenout V oum auva koe vakili tai, utivilenMake rit [n] kind of breadfruit amulesuk aseisei lekatinau. Boy oh boy, [uti-vile-ne makerite] Paamese people were swarming all over the canoe, and they were lookingaround for utivo [n] stink bug. Derived from: utite; me. 2. obscure; cover over. Taroh ten vanei vo [uti-voo] mul va koe meteai. The haze from the volcano was obscuring the sun. In south: utlovu [n] tick. Derived from: out; Lovu va kole [haa koe] [utu-lovue] va Ii [intr] pass over. Tounah ke navit utmailes [n] nits of lice. Synonym: maselUs usili, navite moumon fr re hehii If en mailes. Derived from: out; mailes atas hesuval stik . The thing I want to talk [utu-mailese] about can make us pass over the sea like a shark. [haa Iii] uttisa [n] dangerous place (because of spirits or sorcery). Mulamu outenek vf va rahiti [tr] go around. Titamol kuri lava uttfsa ke takeih.Bef ore, that used to be a rahit vatilohloh ka luvuol vareis. The very dangerous place. Synonym: out tisa lisefseftook her around the lohloh tree and Derived from: out; tisa [ute-tiisa] the two of them illsappeared. [haa rahiti]

utua [n] boil [utua] va ruai [intr] gather together. Meahos keil auvamai. The men gathered together. [haa utveta [n] hatched lice (as against nits). ruai] Derived from: out; veta[utu -vetaa] va sai [intr] (n) escape. Vuas mulohris va uven [suff] (s) weariness caused by other to un veieh, va sai. The pig ran back out of people who stayed up all night. In north: the garden and escaped. In south: va sal uvon [uvo-] [haa sail 173 va seh [intr] go through the bush rather vahat [intr] four times. Nalau hatte viihat. I than along the path [haa sehe] went hunting four times. Derived from: ehat [haa-hati] va sileni [tr] frighten. Nauva silen ehon ta. I frightened a child. [haa sile-ni] vahera [mod] perhaps. Nihfta, vahera nilesi vuol nirolestei. If I go down, perhaps va suai [intr] go without being seen [haa I'll see him or I won't. Synonym: nahi; suai] nahera; vahesa [vaheraa] va touveieh [intr] euph. defecate [haa vahesa [mod] perhaps. Synonym: nahi; touveiehe] nahera; vahera [vahesaa] vae [n] (n) burrow; hole used by vahis [intr] 1. how many times. Kei something to live in. Meatin muti koe volia mutfnau hatte vlihis? How many times did mul en vaeten voihus. The man nailed the he hit me? 2. a fe w. Naslini heite vlihis spider into the hole in the coconut shell. In mini. I gave him a few. Derived from: ehis south: vale [vaee] [haa-hise] vaeng [n] (n) large flying beetle that vahite [link] leaves growing around stem appears with light at night and buzzes and of plant. Synonym: okeite [vaahi-] which can bite In south: val eng [vaenge] vahousi [tr] (n) carry repeatedly. In south: vaet [n] (n) male land crab. Synonym: vahausi. Derived from: vousi oum vaet. In south: valet [vaet] [reduplicated form] [ha-housi] yah [n] obs. 1. kitchen. 2. small hut in vail [tr] 1. weave. Kei vite hel hehai garden [vaahe] silvon. She said she would be weaving a mat. 2. make fence. Mulamuntelumiili ehat vaM [intr] habitually go. M etiilo keil teimilmon lih seatel, telrovaitei veieh voka arovahiitei noutenek. Europeans never go koe. Before, there were fo ur men who were there. Derived from: va [by reduplication] making their garden, and they didn't make a [ha-haa] fe nce around it. [hail vahal [intr] 1. file. 2. sharpen. See: vai2 [intr] fight (between two groups); eihahal; eihehal. Derived from: vali [by row; argue [hail reduplication] [haa-haali] vai3 [intr] (n) 1. germinate. 2. [of tooth] vahaIi [tr] 1. file (in large numbers). 2. come through. Lohon val. His tooth came sharpen (in large numbers). See: vahali. through. 3. [of fungus or coral] grow Derived from: vali [by reduplication] attached to something else. Amai mul vai en [ha-haali] teai. There is coral growing attached to the anchor. Synonym: vohoi. In south: val vahali [tr] 1. file (in large numbers). 2. [hai] sharpen (in large numbers). See: vahaIi. Derived from: vali [by reduplication] vai en] (n) hibiscus. In south: val PNCV: [haa-haali] *bwakala [vaai] vahasi [str] split (in large numbers). vai koe [tr] (n) 1. weave walls into frame Aravahiis iii keil. They split all the logs. of house. 2. weave design into a mat. In See: vahasi. Derived from: vasi [by south: vai kole [hai koe] reduplication] [va-haasi] vaik [n] (s) kind of shellfish (Turbo vahasi [str] split (in large numbers). See: imperialis). In north: lilivu PNCV: vahasi. Derived from: vasi [by *baiqa [vaike] reduplication] [vaa-haasi] 174 vail en] file. Bislama: fae l [vaile] valeh en] larrikin. Synonym: arne [vaalehe] vaila en] tracks; footprints. Synonym: yen. Variant of: voila [vailaa] valengeihat en] cave. Synonym: valengeite. Derived from: valengeite; vaimeten] stick insect found on ahat [valenge-i-hatu] cottonwood tree (which is long, thin and green). Variant of: voimet[vaimete] valengeite [link] 1. hollow part of something. Kosa arei vakili, valengeite va vainav en] pineapple. Early Bislama: sowin, ka muLamun, vakili arei artikesen paenap [vainave] alen meatines. Now when we carve a canoe, the hollow goes in a long way, but vaiteh en] door. Synonym: metareh. before, they just used to carve it as deep as Variant of: voiteh [vaitehe] a man's lower leg. 2. cave. Synonym: valengeihat PNCV: *bwale belly vaiti [t] later on; afterwards. Variant of: [valenge-] vaitir;vo itir[vaitii] valengeon [suff] sw. urethral opening of vaitir[t] later on; afterwards. Vaitir male. Synonym: meten on. Derived from: tehehina Ulveahteh toen. Later on, we will valengeite; on [valenge-oo-] go to Lopevi and live there. Variant of: voitir; vaiti [vaitiru] valengevakili en] hollow part of canoe. Derived from: valengeite; vakili vakekal en] canoe chipper; implement [ valenge-vakilii] used for chipping canoes. A vong tiii, meatin mea ral teai onen ka vakekal. One valevol en] obs. shark. (This word is now day, the man got up with his axe and his seldom used, as the Bislama word sak has canoe chipper. [vakekali] almost completely replacedit in modem Paamese.). Synonym: vatvopa; sak vakiki en] kind of vine [vaakiikii] [ vaalevoli] vakili en] 1. canoe. A touli V ouieli keil valevol koa retemal en] remora (Remora vakili one mat. The Vouleli girls' canoe was remora) [vaalevoli koaa re-temali] swamped. 2. sl. car [vakilii] val hal is [intr] (n) race in canoes. A sak vakora en] 1. shell of coconut. 2. kava mesen 14 Julae ihalhalis ka ilohLoh. They shell. Komuni vakora ehistai ? How many were getting readyfor the BastilleDay shells of kava have you drunk already? 3. canoe and athletics races. Derived from: cup. Variant of: vokora [vakoraa] valis. In south: valhalus [by reduplication] [hali-halise] vall [intr] look after something while staying in some place and avoiding sea valil [tr] 1. file. 2. sharpen. Kei mul sak water. A uval yen loholu. They were mesen eau onen, muL vaLi en vaiL. He had looking after the boars without touching been getting his knife ready, sharpening it the sea. Takes stressedpr efixseries e.g. with a file. See: vahali; vahal auval. PNCV: *vali observe food taboo [reduplicated forms] PNCV: *vakali [halu] [haali] val2 [intr] (s) 1. germinate. 2. [of tooth] vali2 [str] sharpen. K ei ravaLiii tiii. He cut come through. 3. [of fungus or coral] grow the end of the stick to a point. See: vahaIi; attached to something else. In north: vai vahaIi [reduplicated forms] [vaali] [hale] valia en] spider. Variant of: volia [valiaa] val en] (s) hibiscus. In north: vai [vaalo] valih [intr] gnash teeth [haaliho] 175 vaJihoni [tr] gnash. Kei mul viilihon lohon valoh kati [tr] prepare for an occasion. en vongien. He gnashes his teeth at night. Amul avaloh kat Krismes. They prepared Derived from: vaJih [haaliho-ni] for Christmas. [haaloho kati] vaJim [intr] five times. Derived from: elim vaJohoni [tr] prepare everything for [haa-lime] something. A viilohoni avoumon anien ta namal. They got everything ready for the valis [intr] (n) row; paddle. A vong tiii, unu feast in the meeting house. Derived from: keil tenout V oravor auvaason vakili avalis valoh [haaloho-ni] auva. One day, the unu from Voravor went and put their canoes to sea and sailed away. valu [intr] twice. Kihiteni hatte hehiilu, In south: val us. See: valhalis nituvak ven sell1sienek. If you say that [reduplicated form] [halise] twice, I'll shoot you for it. Derived from: elu [haa-Iue] valis lekati [tr] (n) row in search of something. In south: valus lekati [halise valus [intr] (s) row. In north: valis lee-kati] PNCV: *valuse [haluse] valis mae [intr] (n) row steadily. Nales valval [n] (n) kind of fish. In south: out Lfman kei vesesal, navalis mae.I saw valival [vali-vali] that Epi was nearby so I rowed steadily. In south: valus male[ha lise maee] vamukin [n] pumpkin. Bislama: pamkin [vamukine] valis silati [tr] (n) come across something while rowing. Navalis sUat vatihos tiii. I van! [intr] 1. shoot. Kei va mul van en came across an oar while I was rowing. In ahis. He went shooting with his rifle. 2. south: valus silati [haluse silati] copulate; have sexual intercourse. K eilu luvftaen veien luvit luvahan. The two of valiseni [tr] (n) 1. row. Ason vakili on en them went down to the beach to have sex. meatinenek avaliseni avftaamul en mesai. Takes stressed prefix series e.g. auvan. They put the man's canoe to sea and rowed Synonym: veouai. See: vanhan it out to sea. 2. [of propellor] propel boat [reduplicated form] PNCV: *vana [hane] forward. Ensin mumos keih ka rosakidei ke vahit vahalisen vot, veni sav teni mavu!. van2 [intr] whistle (through pursed lips). The engine was working well, but it wasn't See: vanhan [reduplicated form] PNCV: propelling the boat forward because the *venu [hanu] shaft was broken. In south: valuseni. Derived from: valis [halise-ni] van usili [tr] shoot arrow in same direction as before to locate previously lost valit [n] menstrual house. PNCV: * bali to arrow. M eatin ta ruv amanta nesa, hopu outhouse [vahte] onen mot vfta, va v{zrei. K ei van usil hopu tesavomun, musil risi vfta lekati. A man valite [link] side. Komal melva vo en was shooting birds up there and his arrow valisfv ka navis va nesa. The two of us fe ll down and was lost. He shot another went alongside the ship and I shouted up arrow in the same direction and followed it on board. [vali -] and went down to look for it. Synonym: kukuluaveni [hane usili] vaJo [ind] eight (in lisefseflanguage). Synonym: outel PNCV: *walu [vaaloo] van peng[int r] shoot perfectly [hane penge] vaJoh [intr] completely prepared for something [haaloho] vanei [n] volcano. Vanei romurohtei enout V oum . The volcano didn't erupt on Paama. PNCV: *banoi [vanei] 176 vaneihatl en] black rocks (said to be vange vine looks just like a wild yam. In volcanic in origin). Derived from: vanei; south: vangol [van gee] ahat [vanei-i-hatu] vangemah en] stomach ache. Derived vaneihat2 en] small gaps in roof of house from: yangon; mah [vange-maahi] where the sky is visible [vaneihatu] vangen [suff] (s) belly. In north: yangon vaneilau en] foam from volcano floating [vange-] on surface of sea (which stings eyes when swimming). Synonym: sikokohin vanei. vangeni [tr] 1. conceive. 2. be pregnant Derived from: vanei; eau [vanei-i-lau] with. Derived from: vange [hangee] vaneni [tr] shoot (of projectile or weapon); vangeru en] 1. fat person. 2. fatso; address fIre. Kei vanen hopu tesavomun. He fIred term for fat person. Derived from: another arrow. Derived from: van [hane yangon; ru [vange-ruu] nil vangev en] (n) kind of very large tree. vanhanl [intr] (n) 1. shoot habitually. 2. Synonym: vilou. In south: vangolev copulate promiscuously. Kei vanhanenout [vangeeve] vasfes. He has sex anywhere. Derived from: van [by reduplication]. In south: vangol en] (n) kind of vine. In north: vanehan [hane-hane] vange [vangolo] vanhan2 [intr] (n) whistle habitually. vangolev [n] (s) kind of very large tree. In Derived from: van [by reduplication]. In north: vangev [vangoleve] south: vanuhan [hanu-hanu] vangolongol en] (s) [of pig] grunt. In vanikin en] 1. cup. 2. enamel mug. north: raholung [vangolo-ngolo] Bislama: panikin (fromEnglish pannikin) [vanikini] yangon [suff] (n) 1. belly. 2. outside surface of split bamboo. In south: vangen. vano en] kind of breadfruit. Synonym: See: avang PNCV: *tabwagi [vango-] vano an vim (See separate entry.) yangon mukur [of stomach] rumble. [vanoo] vangor [intr] gather shellfIshon reef. vano an vinl en] kind of breadfruit. Nanganeh atau keil av fta av it avahangoren Derived from: kan vim [vanoo ani vinii-e] out A tia. Yesterday the women went to Aria gathering shellfish. [hangore] vanuni [tr] whistle at. Nevanunmeatin tiii. I whistled at someone. Derived from: van vangos [intr] 1. snore. 2. breathe. Nasak [hanu-ni] ras mavangos veni vulingasuk va hehen atas tai. I couldn't breathe because my nose had gone under the sea. Synonym: museh vangel [intr] 1. pregnant. A re i kur asan liunai lura va asan vange, vasi atouli tiii, [vangose] ehan tiii. Arei took his wife and they lived var [intr] 1. blind. Meten var. He is blind. together, and eventually she became 2. not wise enough to realise mistakes. pregnant, and had one boy and one girl. 2. M etmumon umen koan keke vahit conceive. Kei vangetai. She has conceived metvaromumodei, ka navonginek already. Synonym: meas [hangee] metomaitel vareni. We did some things that we shouldn't have done, but at the time we vange2 [n] (n) kind of vine. M etmo ta were not wise enough to realise this. votfn vativange tiii, ka kokilea vangenga PNCV: *barea [vare] alesi uhia netin. There was a European who found a vange plant, but you realise that the 177 vam [intr] once. Variant of: varni. vas[int r] 1. give birth. HuH som vastai ? Derived from: ta [haa-raa] Has your dog given birth yet? 2. have a child. Keilu luros vo munak luvas.They varni [intr] once. Variant of: varn. lived together until they eventually had a Derived from: tai [haa-raai] child. 3. lay eggs. A hu munak kolesi vite vahas, ma ut. When you see that the turtle varangai [intr] lean against while wants to lay eggs, it comes ashore. See: standing. Siku mul varangai en vatimQ/ou. vashas [reduplicated form] PNCV: Siku is leaning against a coconut tree. *basusu [hasu] vas ten sise have an Synonym: muarangai [haarangai] illegitimate child. varei [mod] 1. very. Koviteni analin vas lati [tr] expel (in childbirth) [hasu vareis. What you say is very true. 2. truly; laati] really. 3. exactly [vaarei] vas mae [intr] (n) have an easy birth. In vareini [str] 1. very. 2. truly; really. Anni south: vas male [hasu maee] kQ/var einaus. I am really cold. 3. exactly lnau nihit vareini nihit inau ek vatkoanik. I vas vuras [intr] 1. have a difficult birth. 2. will tell him exactly that I want that. get stuck in hole [hasu vurasu] Derived from: varei [vaarei-ni] vasa [intr] 1. do what. 2. do what for? vareis [t] suddenly. Kei vina varei mul en A m aimau! Mlisa? Come here! What for? vakili, vareisos vakili muka. He got onto Immediate future form only. See: kosa; the canoe, and suddenly the canoe flew heisa [asaa] away. [vaareiso] vase hen [suff] heel. Derived from: varel [intr] three times. Ek vQ/imou asuk vaseite; hen [vaase-hee-] haLte vahtirel. I want to hit you three times. Derived from: etel [haa-relu] vaseini [tr] 1. do what with? 2. do what for? K ovliseini?What are you going to do vareng en] fussy person [varenge] that for? Immediate future form only. See: koseini; heiseini [aseini] vares en] white flying fox (Pteropus macmillani) [varese] vaseite [link] bottom of yam. Lukil vislin ouhunek, lukili vo lules vliseite, lukil lliti. varn [desc] 1. tuneless; off key; They dug the yam together, until they could discordant. Komusou vfvaru vareis! You see the bottom of it, and they dug it out. really sing off key. 2. person who says they [vaase-] will do things but they never do [varuu] vashas [intr] (n) breed. Mliv keil mul varuai [sintr] do all at once. A vong ke vot vashas en lait nesa. The geckoes were onen Maki vile valoh, simal vliruais. When breeding up in the light. Derived from: vas Moo's boat goes, it takes off suddenly. [by reduplication]. In south: vasuhas Derived from: va; ruai [vaa-ruai] [hasu-hasu] varuaini [str] do all at once. Kei kur vashasi elu [intr] (n) fork in two; branch viiruainehon elu. She had two babies at off. Ai ta vina vashasi elu, navina nesa once. See: roh varuaini. Derived from: namulen. There was a tree that forked in varuai [vaa-ruai-ni] two and I went up and stayed there. Sfse vashasi elu. The road forked in two. In vruvarit [intr] [of tubers] crumbly because south: vasihasi elu [hasi-hasii elue] undercooked. Ouh koanik akani VGIVarit. This yam is undercooked. [vari-varito] vasi [tr] 1. give birth to; have a child. A hin ta vasi ehon elu. A woman gave birth to two children. Synonym: kuri; votini. 2. 178

[of father] beget. M ahitusil tilnien tiii onen spread a story that was not true. [hate-hate tata ke vasinauk. I want to tell a story about reaa] my father, who begot me (as against any of my classificatory fathers). 3. have vat Iaklakini [tr] stand unsteadily. descendants. Meatin keil keke vuas vas keil Vatiiiinek vatlaklakinies, konahatei avise keil en silivuas. People who are the vesesal. That tree is standing unsteadily, descendants of the pig are called silivuas. don't go near it. See: vati [hati laki-Iaki-ni] [hasi] vat lati [tr] 1. stand up. 2. aim rifle. K ei vasi[mod] 1. all; every. Metlah tounah vatlat ahis, ro.va, heivolet tas po viirei en vasfkeil ten umen ten iih. We picked up all vatin amanunek. He aimed his rifle, fired, of the gardening things. 2. each; both. lnau and with a single bullet hit the bird right in namulnamue en hek vasf keilu. I was the head. See: vati[hati laati] swimming with both of my arms. 3. completely; totally. Mulamunout Voum vf vatil [tr] 1. stand up. A rei iii tiitaveah, avat aetvasf viirei, hou tovuo. Before, Paama iiinek vina en vatfnga. They cut a long piece used to be completely flat and there were no of wood and stood it up against the native hills. 4. all kinds of. Nales vatiiii keil vasfes. almond tree. 2. support something upright I saw all kinds of trees. [vasiie] [hati] vasil [tr] split; break in two lengthways. vati2 [refl] 1. stop. Unu keil avatkeil asila Isei vasiii? Who split the wood? [haasi] tue tiiiavit vahiivakuttei heiai vamai aviini. The unu stopped and got one of their vasi2 [str] 1. split; break in two brothers to go and get some fruit to eat. 2. lengthways. Samsenmun gal vas veasen stand up. 3. [of wind] abate; let up. Memul laian. Samsom ripped apart the lion's jaw. viirei vii vii viivo eang vati. We stayed there 2. go between. Out Senarei mul vas Tavie until eventually the wind let up. [hati] ka Luli. Senarei is located between Tavie and Luli. See: rali vasi; ve vasi; muti vati3 [tr] 1. want; like [hati]. en vati want. vasi; kov vasi. Reduplicated forms Me-U/veah keil aumaie vati avaha Taso. vahasi; vahasi [vaasi] The Lopevi people came and they wanted to go to southeast Ambrym. 2. like. Inauek vasil [n] branch from which fruit of ro vattei tiiro . I don't like taro. A touli keil e coconuttree hangs [vaasilu] sak ras vahatuk. No girl will like you. vasir[n] cardinal honeyeater (Myzomela vati mal [refl] 1. stand upright; stand up cardinalis) [vasiro] straight. 2. steep. Hou kekek vati mal ram at keke meatin vahiniien. That hill is too steep vasiravoai [n] kind of breadfruit for people to go up. [hati malu] [vasiraavoai] vatiahat [n] pinnacle of rock. Derived vasuaev [n] (n) 1. thumb. 2. big toe. from: vatte; ahat [vati-ahatu] Variant of: hasuaev. In south: vasualev PNCV: *bisu finger; *Iaba big vatiahau [n] ring woven from pudding [vaasuaeve] leaf stems to put around stones to keep them in place on earth oven [vatiahau] vat kati [tr] agree on a time; make appointment. T amen keilu latin luvahinaen vatiahul [n] 1. breadfruit flower. 2. avong ke luvatkati. The father and mother inedible pith inside middle of breadfruit went over at the time they had agreed to. [vatiahule] See: vati [hati kati] vatiai [n] tree. Synonym: iii. Derived vathatrea [intr] gossip; spread story that from: vatte; iii [vati-i-ai] is not true. A vathatre a en selasien. They 179 vatiaian [n] sl. car. Synonym: vakili; vatihou [n] (n) hill. Synonym: hou. In terak. Derived from: vatte; aian [vati south: hau; hai. Derived from: vatte; hou aiane] [vati-hou] vina en vatihou go to work in the garden. Kosa kirovatei en hUk, rovahina vatiamaI [n] clan. Synonym: amal; nesa en vatihou. Todayyou won't be going usiteim; heimal; vatiteim. Derived fishing, we'll all be going to the garden. from: vatte; amaI [vati-aamali] vatiken [suff] tail. Synonym; avuken; vatihang [n] 1. half-burntpieces of wood asupoten; ken. In south also: kasipoten in dead fire. 2. torch that has flatbattery. [vatikee-] Derived from: vatte; ahang [vati-i-hango] vatil [n] kind of shellfish (Turbo artensis) vatihat [n] place with too many stones. [vatiile] Derived from: vatte; ahat[vati-i-hatu] vatileite [link] 1. stump; stub. 2. short vatihator [n] post in house supporting person [vatile-] roofbeam at ends. Apare mul en vatihatUr keke ahang mules veah kani.They tied him vatilohon [suff] (n) molar. In south: to one of the main posts of the house that vatiluhen. Derived from: vatte; lohon was still burning. Synonym: bator. PNCV: *bati molar/*livo tooth [vati Derived from: vatte; bator [vati-hatuure] loho-] vatibau [n] kind of fish living in rock vatimeai [n] (n) kava (Piper pools [vatihau] methysticum). Synonym: maiou. In south: malou [vatimeaai] vatiheiei [n] (n) kind of creature living in sea. In south: vatihaiei. Derived from: vatimeatin [n] (n) 1. original person. vatte; heiei [vati-heiei] Vatimeatin keilu lurosuk lava vo munak luvas. The [lI st couple lived there until vatihen [suff] wrist. Derived from: vatte; eventually they had a child. 2. short person. hen [vati- hee-] In south: vatimolatin. Derived from: vatte; meatin [vati-meatine] vatihis [n] name of handstring figure. Derived from: vatte; ahis [vati-i-hisi] vatimen [suff] base of tongue. Derived from: vatte; men [vati-mee-] vatihong [n] spear with many prongs; arrow with many points. Kei ruva en vatin [suff] 1. head. 2. prow of canoe or tounahkeke am/lmoni vfvatihong. He shot ship. See: avat [vatu-] rei vatin bow it with a spear made with many prongs. one's head miimon vatin 1. have one's See: hongratai; honglualu; hongretel; own way. lnaunamon vatukumau. I will honghathat [vatiihongi] have my own way first. 2. sow one's wild oats. vatin mfmoun be crazy. vatihomo [suff] hip. Synonym: rin. Derived from: vatte; homo [vati-horaa-] vatin on [suff] glans penis. Synonym: heivatin on [vati-ne oo-ne] vatihos [n] 1. oar; paddle. Kei son vatihos vitaen atas, mul valis varei. He put his oar vatin vares [n] 1. kind of wild yam. into the sea and really rowed. 2. captain of Synonym: rahrah. 2. name of handstring ship. Navong rovit rovahiiut, re hehfs figure [vati-nevarese] revfmaumin vatihos. Ifwe want to go ashore, we'd better ask the captain first. vatina [n] 1. widow. 2. widower [vatinaa] Synonym: kaviten PNCV: *vose [vatihose] vatineh [n] stonefish PNCV: *bwatinovu [vatinehe] 180 vatini [tr] reheat leftover food. A lingi va e vatitovi [n] show-off; arrogant person. vanavit aviinika auvaakuri maiaviitini Derived from: vatte; tovi [vati-toovii] aviini.They left it until they wanted to eat it, and they brought it to reheat and eat it. vatitfJh [n] kind of crab with short legs, [haatini] which is similar to tuh. Derived from: vatte; tfJh [vati-tuuhu] vatiolevis [n] kind of shellfish. Derived from: vatte; olevis [vati-olevise] vatiuit [n] kind of octopus which is very small. Derived from: vatte; uit [vati-uiite] vation [suff] base of penis (where the pubic hair grows). Derived from: vatte; vatiurilin [suff] 1. knee joint. 2. elbow on [vati -00-] joint. Derived from: vatte; urilin [vati urilu-] vatiouha [n] (n) small heliconia leaves (used by children learningto make vativaneihat [n] kind of plant with large pudding). In south: vatilauha Derived red flower. Derived from: vatte; vanei; from: vatte; ouha [vati-ouha] ahat[vati-vanei-i-hatu] vanrn[n] presentation of food containing vativeasen [suff] (n) 1. gill of fi sh. 2. animal that has been killed for uncle of jaw. Derived from: vatte; veasen. In circumcised boy in respect of his south: vativelasen [vati-veaaso-] circumcision. Derived from: vatte; ara [vati-i-raa] vativeieh [n] 1. fence post. Telvina telmusil vativeieh keil telvotfn vuas kei vatisangen [suff] lower belly (between mules kanian.They went up along the fence navel and genital area). Synonym: sangen. posts and they found the pig that was Derived from: vatte; sangen [vati-sango-] eating. 2. boundary marker between two areas of land. Derived from: vatte; veieh vatiseng [n] centre post inside building [ vati-veiehe] [vatisenge] vativilvil [n] (n) Maori wrasse (Cheilinus vatisin [suff] shoulder. Naraengoni keke undulatus). In south: vativilivil. Derived vatisfk keilu maimai. I fe lt that my from: vatte; vilvil [vati-vili-vili] shoulders were stiff. Derived from: vatte; sin [vati-sii-] vativu [n] bamboo water container [vativuu] vatiteai [n] (n) 1. motor; engine. 2. axe. Synonym: teai . In south: vatitelai. vatkeih [n] (n) person who is determined Derived from: vatte; teai [vati-teai] and inconsiderate of the feelings of others. In south: vatikaih. Derived from: vatin; vatiteim [n] (n) clan. Synonym: usiteim; keih [vati-keiho] amal; heimal; vatiamal. In south: vatitelaim. Derived from: vatte; teim vatmah [n] (n) headache. In south: [vati - teirno] vatimah. Derived from: vatin; mah [vati maahi] vatiteka [n] (n) 1. butterfly. 2. moth. In south: madeka; rekau [vatitekaa] vatte [link] 1. tree. Kei veou en vatiiii. He climbed up the tree. 2. kind of tree. N av iten vatitemat [n] main beam running from top vatimago, narovitedei vatimatou. I said the beam of roof down to side walls of house. mango tree, not the coconuttree. 3. trunk of Derived from: vatte; temat [vati-temate] tree. lngiinek vatte tfsa, angoite tovuol vesesal netan, kei angoite mul viirei nesa vatito [n] bald head. Derived from: vatin; soutin. The trunkof the native almond was muto [vati-too] bad because it had no branches close to the ground, all of the branches were up high. 181

Synonym: tavoite. 4. any kind of plant; vau! [intr] make noise of voueh bird by bush; shrub. vaJipima chilli bush. 5. post; pursing lips and blowing out [vau] something standing upright on its own. vatipas ten laitlight pole. 6. kind; type (of vau2 Only in hinu vau; tanovau [vau] anything). PapaNoeZ hemai vahit vosiin presen keil, nihit vareini nihit '1nau tJk. vat vau [n] (n) crazy person; madman. Kovi vatipresen koanik". When Father Christmas viiu?Are you crazy? Synonym: unoun. In comes to give us the presents, I will tell him south: unaun [vaau] directly "I want that kind of present". 7. person with some kind of speci� vava [n] 1. caterpillar. 2. kind of insect characteristic. vatiiihonperson WIth a which eats leaves [vaavaa] plantar wart. 8. person who does something . . all the time. vaJitilnien storyteller. 9. ongm. vava seime [n] (n) kind of banana. In Vatte teni mul ven limal onemaitelTakeas. south: vava saime [vaavaa seimee] The origin of it is with our clan at Takeas. 10. beginning; start. vaJitilnien beginning of vavok [n] shapechanger; someone who story. 11. joint (of body) vatihen wrist can change into other forms to deceive [vati-] vatte tis same. M etalokeil ales keil people. See: vokoni PNCV: *voki vatte tlis . Europeans all look alike. change [vaavoko] vatuai [n] wild ginger plant [vatuai] vel [intr] (n) step. See: vehe [reduplicated form] ; eihehe. In south: vel [heel ve ut vatuei [n] arrow. Ulmatu kulat vatuei, step ashore. Unu keil aumai ave ut en lehei viirei vo mules en hilikoun titamol. meteihoi Nahoisilo. The unu came and The old man took out an arrow and aimed it stepped ashore at Nahoisilo passage. right at the lise/s ef s side. Synonym: atuv; hopu [vatuei] ve2 [intr] (n) get stuck on way down. Utiuhouh keil avftaauves en atte nesa. The vatumai [n] (n) grouper (Promicrops whitewood seeds went down and just got lanceolatus and Ep inephelus ta uvina) [vatu stuck on the branches up high. Takes mail stressed prefix series e.g. auve. In south: vel [heel vatumai tahilhiIi [n] (n) spotted grouper (Epinephelus tauvina). In south: vatumal ve3 [intr] (s) be. In north: vi [he] tahilhiIi [vatumai ta-hili-hilii] ve kati [tr] (n) 1. step on; tread on. 2. keep vatumai tamalikelik [n] (n) giant steady with feet. Ling angoiii tiiimu l netan grouper (Promicrops lanecolatus). In south: ka ahinali ve kati. He put the branch down vatumal temalikeIik [vatumai ta and his sister stood on it to keep it steady. malikeliko] 3. stamp down. V olia kei rivin sumevakili viniiris nesa vo ve kati ve kati va va voma vatumal [n] (s) grouper. In north : vahileris. The spider threw the canoe vatumai [vatu malo] shavings back and stamped them down until eventually it was full again. In south: vatupin [suff] part of body of chicken vel kati [hee kati] where wing joins onto body [vatupi-] ve lati [tr] (n) 1. step off. 2. step out of. 3. vatvat [n] (n) 1. clouds rising up to great take off trousers. In south: vel lati [hee height. 2. volcanic cloud rising straightup laati] from crater. In south: vatuvat [vatu-vatu] ve leini [tr] (n) kick out. M ahe lein sl. vatvopa [n] 1. person with flat head. 2. aningan? Should I kick the green coconut shark. Synonym: valevol; sak. Derived out from the bunch? In south: vel leini from: vatin; vopa [vatu-vopaa] [hee lei-nil 182 ve marid [intr] (n) 1. step through. 2. sink while swimming. 5. put on (of clothes into mud. In south: vel marid [hee worn on bottom half of body, such as maridu] trousers, underwear and shoes). 6. wear trousers. Kiheas tirausisis, kiroveastei ve sai [intr] (n) stand while bracing long ? Are you just going to wear shorts, or oneself to avoid losing one's position. Kei will you wear long pants? 7. run over in mul ve sai ut ka mul lehleh viles vakili car. 8. pedal bicycle. 9. kick up dust. Kei onen. He was standing on the shore bracing mul veas vulimeas. He is kicking up dust. himself while pulling his canoear ound. In In south : velasi. See: veheas south: vel sal [hee sail [reduplicated form]; eiheheas PNCV: *varasi. ve sau [intr] (n) slip on one leg. Phillip ve siiu en ahat, mot va en atan.Phillip slipped veau [n] kind of plant [veau] on a rock and fell to the ground. In south: vel sau [hee saau] veavel [n] (n) cottonwood (Hibiscus tiliaceus). In south: volavol [yea-vee] ve to [tr] (n) trip over; stumble. Nave to en ahat. I tripped on a stone. In south: vel to veave2 [n] plank placed around top of [hee too] canoe (to which seats and outrigger poles are attached) [veavee] ve vasi [tr] (n) step on something, splitting it. In south: vel vasi [hee vaasi] veave ali [n] (n) kind of cottonwood. In south: volavol ali [veavee alii] ve vilesi [tr] (n) wear (trousers, shoes, underwear) back to front. In south: vel veave Mha [n] (n) kind of cottonwood vilesi [hee vilesi] with large leaves. In south: volavol haha [veavee haahaa] ve vuli [tr] (n) step on and break. Nave vul hisuput onak. I stepped on my bow, veave tanfIv [n] (n) kind of cottonwood breaking it. In south: vel vuli [hee vuli] which has branches growing back to the ground along coast. In south: volavol veahl [mod] (n) 1. still. Namules veah tanfIv [veavee tanuuvo] namUm Vfla. I am still working in Vila. 2. yet. K eik komUm tai, inau naromumtei veave ten atas [n] (n) island walnut veah. You've got ajob but I'm not working (Cordia subcordata). In south: volavol yet. In south: velah [veahi] ten atas [veavee teni atasi] veah2 [n] kind of bird [veaho] vedas [n] (s) 1. coastal person (as against someone coming from inland). 2. person veak [n] (n) kind of tree. In south: velak who knows the ways of the sea. In north: [veako] tedas. Derived from: veni; atas [veni tasi] veali [n] 1. handheld bamboo rhythm stick for dancing. 2. drum [vealii] vehal [n] canoe tree (Cyrocarpus americanus) [vehaa] yeas kokoa [tr] (n) tread (in order to soften something). See: veasi . In south: veha2 [tr] carry child on back in cloth. velas kokoa [heasi kookoa] lnaunaveha atouli ta mul en eisiluk. I carried one girl on my back. PNCV: *vava veasen [suff] (n) 1. jaw. 2. chin. 3. cheek. carry child piggyback [hehe] In south: velasen PNCV: *ase chin/* balase jaw [veaaso-] vehe [intr] (n) 1. step. Munak keke vehe en veien tenout Ulveah, ka veasenkatil oh. veasi [tr] (n) 1. step on. 2. press on with When he stepped onto the beach at Lopevi, foot. 3. apply karate chop. 4. kick in sea 183

he could no longer open his jaw. 2. get to veiheilau [intr] float something on water bottom (after climbing down). K ei retalfn [hei-heilau] viiiu vfta vo vehe. He held onto the rope untilhe got to the bottom. Derived from: veiheilauni [tr] float something on water. ve. In south: velahel [hee-hee] Ehon keil aveiheilaun titivakilione en atas. The children were floating their small canoe veheas [intr] (n) 1. kick. 2. [of sun and on the sea. Derived from: veiheilau [hei moon] eclipse. In south: velahelas. heilau-ni] Derived from: veasi [by reduplication] [he-heasi] veite [link] Only in veihat; veihae [vei-]

veheng [intr] angry [vehenge] tin veivakum [n] (n) hawk (Circus veheng angry. approximans). In south: volvakum [veivakume] vehet[intr] [of food kept too long] soft inside. Tiiro vehet. The taro is soft inside veive [intr] go where? Tamali veive? from having been kept too long. [heeheete] Where has your brother gone? Irregular alternative to va ve. [veivee] vei [sintr] Only in mual vei [veil veiveil [n] (n) obs. cockroach. (This word veiat [n] (n) 1. long narrow basket (made is now seldom used as the word kokoTOS with coconut leaves and handle made of from Bislama has almost completely cottonwood bark for carrying garden replaced it in modern Paamese.). In south: produce). 2. food (or other presentation) vaivai [veivei] given to one's uncle. 3. piece of land that one allows your nephew to use in return for veivei2 [n] (n) banded rail (Rallus his consideration of you. In south: voleat philippnesis). Variant of: veivou. In south: [veiato] vaivai [veivei]

veieh [n] 1. fence. 2. boundary [veiehe] veivou [n] banded rail (Rallus philippensis). Variant of: veivei [veivou] veien [n] 1. beach. 2. sand. 3. watermelon that is overripe (and which has a chalky vekaho [n] 1. circumcision. Mahit usiltei texture). See: naveien PNCV: *?one amen ten vekaho orer tenout Voum . I want [veiene] to talk a little bit about our Paamese circumcision. 2. recently circumcised boy. veihae [n] (n) 1. surface of sea. A hu lr mulamunrovit rovat eh vekaho keil, ka roviitei val vasfout vahfta en anev,ros mue avfta aro amukul. Before when we were keilesek en veihae. Turtles don't go all the going to circumcise the boys, they would way down to the depths, but they just swim go and swim in the sea. [vekahoo] va en around the surface of the sea. 2. part of vekaho be circumcised. Keik kova en beach below high tidemark. In south: vekaho kave? Where were you veihale. Derived from: veite; hae [vei circumcised? haee] vekahu [n] kind of banyan with short veihatl [n] 1. part of shore with smooth vines. Derived from: avek [veka-huu] rounded rocks. Ave ut en veihat viirei. They came ashore right where there were smooth vekanu [n] kind of banyan with long rounded rocks. 2. sea which is not too far sturdy vines good for building. Derived from the shore. Synonym: meteihat from: avek [veka-nuu] Derived from: veite; ahat [vei-i-hatu] veil [intr] (s) step. In north: ve [hele] veihat2 [n] angelfish (Family Chaetodontidae). In south: meihat [veihatu]

------� 184 vel2 [intr] (s) get stuck on way down. In yen koan keke [conj] because. Synonym: north: ve [hele] veni keke; yen koan; veni [veni koani kekee] velavel [sintr] Only in rO velavel [vela vele] venout [prep] (n) towards (a place). Kei valis venout Tahi. He rowed towards Tahi. velet [n] plate. Bislama: plet [veleete] In south: venaut. See: veni; out [venoute] yen [suff] 1. sleeping place. Navong komea en vem koral min teai, koral min eau vengani [tr] 1. fe ed. 2. look after; rear (of onom. When you got up from where you domestic animal or pet). Vuas sak toro slept, you would have your axe and your tovengani hem sarni/viir ei me/kuri. The pig knife with you. Synonym: vuJin. 2. that we were all rearing will be for the two footprints; tracks. Synonym: vaila; voila. of you to keep. See: hengan PNCV: 3. part of joint in timber which has been cut *vagani [hengani] out for another piece to fit into [vee-] veou [intr] (n) climb up. In south: volau vena [intr] steal. Ehon keil en out Narnburu [veou] avena keih viireis. The guys in Namburu steal a lot. PNCV: *vanako [henaa] veouai [intr] (n) 1. climb tree. Vekaho keil anaheouaitei. Recently circumcised boys venani [tr] steal. Tovuli veniin ahis amal' should not climb trees. 2. copulate; have The old woman stole our bananas. Derived sexual intercourse. Synonym: van. 3. [of from: vena [henaa-ni] animals] mate. In south: volauai. Derived from: veou; ai [heou-ai] venil [prep] 1. because of. Keitel telsel tetovoai ven vuasinek. They argued because veouni [tr] (n) 1. climb up. A veoun of the pig. 2. for (purpose). Nakilatan ven vatihouavina vo nesa. They climbed up the asilat. I dug the groundfor worms. 3. to hill. 2. copulate with; have sexual (dative goal). Onom veva, nasiini tai ven intercourse with. K oro V ita koveoun isei? BP. I have delivered your letter to BP's. 4. Who did you have sex with in Vila? to (with animate goal to verb of motion). Synonym: ruva; muasi; mutemi ; rali Hiiven mama. Go to your mother. 5. for kati. In south: volauni. Derived from: (as experiencer of state). Vaitir selUsien veou [heou-ni] tenout V oum hetemaes minau. Later on, Paamese will be easy for me. 6. towards. vepar[intr ] 1. tiethings; tie knots. Kei mUal viiven tuna/i. He walked towards Synonym: parpar. 2. wear penis sheath. his brother. 7. with (accompaniment). Kei Synonym: ViS1Si; ratuk. Derived from: ro ven tunali. He stayed with his brother. 8. pare [by reduplication] rye-pare] for (beneficiary). Inau navIs ven keil. I prayed for them. [veni] vepel [intr] (n) [of food] burnt. In south: vopol rye-pee] veni2 [conj] because. Tovuli kei sak ras vavurohveni asuv vfsi. The old woman vepe2 [n] (n) scar burnt on skin. In south: couldn't get angry about it because the chief vopol [vepee] asked her. Synonym: veni keke; yen koan; yen koan keke [veni-e] vepe ahat [n] (n) kind of sore on foot which is very painful. In south: vopol veni keke [conj] because. Synonym: ahat[ve-pee ahatu] veni; yen koan; yen koan keke [veni-e kekee] vepeahi [tr] (n) 1. wish for. 2. request; beseech; beg. Navepeahik koviinian yen koan [conj] because. Synonym: veni votalinau. I request that you eat with me. In keke; veni; yen koan keke [veni koani] south: vepelahi. See: peahi [by reduplication] [ve-peahi] 185 veperel [intr] make intermittent noise. making noise around us. In south: veren. Derived from: perel [by reduplication] Derived from: ver [vere-ene] [ve-pereli] vern [n] bright star above Pleiades [veruu] ver [intr] noisy; make noise (especially with voice). Lomul lomual, keik komul vesesall [loc] close by; near. Out V oum kover, vahera meatinnauas ialu. As we mul vesesal venout Ulveah. Paama is close walk, you make a lot of noise, and perhaps to Lopevi. Variant of: vesesali; sesali somebody will kill us. Takes stressed [vesesali] prefix series e.g. auver. See: veraver[by reduplication] PNCV: *bwara [vere] vesesal2 [mod] nearly; almost. Variant of: vesesal; sesali [vesesalii] verkati [tr] make noise about. Isei keil amul auverkat siv ? Who are those people vesesalil [loc] close by; near. Variant of: making a noise about the ship? [vere kati] vesesal; sesali [vesesalii] verai [intr] (n) 1. stuck; blocked up. 2. vesesali2 [mod] nearly; almost. Ous constipated. En vongien romatiltei, vite vesesali vous. It's about to rain. [vesesalii] vahiien kapine kamu tau v [ta verai.He didn't sleep at night, and when he went to vet [n] sea creature that can be eaten [veete] the toilet, he was constipated. 3. stranded by rain. In south: veral [herai] veta [n] 1. breadfruit (Artocarpusaltiti s). 2. sl. bread PNCV: *batavu veral [intr] (s) 1. stuck; blocked up. 2. breadfruit/*bweta taro [vetaa] constipated. 3. stranded by rain. In north: verai [herale] veta hon [n] kind of breadfruit [vetaa hono] Verarus [n] 1. France. 2. French language. Synonym: ariko. Bislama: Franis veta hos [n] kind of breadfruit [vetaa [veraanis] sukul Verarus go to a French hosi] medium school.Inau namulnasukul Vertinis. I am going to a French-medium veta luvaluv [n] kind of breadfruit [veta school. luva-luve] veraver[intr ] tap. Derived from: ver [by vetaoha [n] kind of breadfruit with soft reduplication] [vere] flesh [vetaa oohaa] veravereni [tr] tap on. A veraveren vea/i. veta oai [n] kind of breadfruit (so-called They tapped on the bamboo. Derived from: because it was first seen as a reflection in a veraver [vera-vere-ni] pool of water) [vetaa oai] veren [n] 1. friend. Synonym: tuak; time; veta peah kind of breadfruit [vetaa peahi] tuen. 2. boyfriend; girlfriend [vereen] miunon verengo together (as boyfriend veta sen ahi [n] pawpaw. Synonym: sen and girlfriend). Koakeilulumul lum�on ahi; sedero; ahi; vovo [vetaa se-ne ahii] veren onealukeih vtireis. They are gomg together seriously. veta tisa [n] kind of breadfruit [vetaa tiisaa] veret [n] bread. Synonym: polaua; veta. Bislama: bred [vereete] veval [n] 1. paper. 2. letter. Namutis veva onen tara onak. I wrote my father a letter. 3. verien [n] (n) noise. Lolekat anien tiralu ka any document. Synonym: ouput. Bislama: keik komul komumon verienmin ialu. pepa [veevaa] When we lookfor our food, you keep 186 veva2 [intr] go habitually. Seth roveviitei vielav en] kind of shellfish [vielavo] en sukul. Seth never goes to church. Derived from: va [reduplicated form] viele [tr] tie noose. Naleh ahu keilu luma [hee-vaa] luvohot nesa, nakur viau navielesuk suval koan asarveta eni. I pulled the two turtles veven [suff] (n) chest. In south: volvolen up and I got the rope and tied a noose in it [veevee-] like when you fasten breadfruit. Naviele viau ten vuas.I tied a noose in the pig rope. viI [intr] (n) 1. be. lnau narovitei asuv [hiele] onom! I'm not your boss! 2. have. Oreliato iik vi titlin tail My egg has got a chicken in vier en] kind of crab which is white [viere] it! In south: ve [hi] vieteai en] (n) arrow with single prong. In vi2 [intr]whistle through fingers in mouth south: vietelai [vieteai] [vii] vihi kati [tr] 1. wind up. 2. pull in fi shing via [tr] 1. break open coconut shell. Kihina line. Derived from:vih ini [vihii kati] kikur ahathemai kihia ani eni. Go up there l and bring a stone to break open the coconut vihini [tr] 1. wind up. 2. pull in fishing with. 2. hatch egg [hie] line. See: vihi [hihii-ni] viau en] (n) 1. rope; string. 2. vine. vihini2 [tt] wipe food in coconut milk or Synonym: vieite; tukulite; tehite. 3. tape sauce for flavour [hihii-ni] (including recording tape). In south: voiau [viaau] vihiram [intr] 1. flicker. 2. twinkle. Derived from: viram [by reduplication] viavo [intr] 1. [of rotten egg] pop and [hi-hiramu] smell. 2. fart [hiavoo] vihisei [intr] (n) teach. A vfs tfser ke vaha vidi [tr] join two halves of mat in weaving. vahfhfsei enout Sameau. They asked for a See: hid [hiidi] catechist to go and teach at Sameau. Derived from: visei. In south: vihisai vie [intr] 1. distribute. 2. be the point of [hii -hiisei] origin. Out Tavie vie en meatin keii enout Voum. Tavie is the point of origin for vikal [n] (s) skink; small kind of lizard. people on Paama. [vie] Synonym: havura vikal. In north: havurikai [viikalo] vieimel en] sea creature which is black [vieimele] vikitil [tt] mess about with; fiddle with. Kivikit asom helau. If you fiddle with your vieite [link] vine. Uhia sin mul en vieite, penis, you'll get an erection. [vikiti] vangesin tovuel en vieite. Wild yams have thorns on their vines, while the vange vine vikiti2 [tr] be keen on. Anson vf vatihikit has no thorns. Synonym: tukuHte; tehite; umenien. Anson is a keen worker. [hikiti] viau [vie-] ViiI [intr] 1. full. Nakan vininau tai, viek en] water taro PNCV: *buaqa taro vangok evil varei. I've overeaten, my [vieke] stomach is really full. 2. [of water] flood over. Oai houlu mai vil en eim onak. A lot viek hos en] kind of taro [vieke hosi] of water flooded into my house. 3. [of sea] high tide. Atas vii. The tide is high in the viekai en] (n) very large kind of sugarcane sea. PNCV: *vur- [hile] which grows very quickly and has green skin and white fibre. In south: saisaika [viekaai] 187 vil2 [intr] be friends. Out Tanei mulamun down. Inau namumon ensinenek viivo auvilvi ta viiTahal Netan. Tanei used to be vilahilas viireis. I worked on the engine but friendsbefore with Tahal Netan. Takes in the end it was completely broken down. stressed prefix series e.g. auvil. PNCV: [hila-hilase] *valu pair/match Chile] vilai1 [mod] 1. properly. 2. well and truly. vil3 [intr] [of skin] glisten. Niim vil. Your Synonym: revi [vilai] forehead is glistening. Chile] vilai2 [str] do properly. Synonym: revi. vil4 [intr] [of lightning] flash. A hil vii See: mUm vilai [vilai-e] houlu. There is a lot of lightning flashing. Chile] vilehileng [intr] exorcise evil spirit. Synonym: vilahil; vilohiloh [hile viiS [intr] 1. cough. 2. have a cold. Takes hilenge] stressed prefix series e.g. auvil. PNCV: *vuru [hilu] vilei [tr] 1. grind. 2. rub. Ai elu luvilei keilu ifses, munak eang muhUh ka rupan. vii koe [tr] (n) flood. MulamunMol au vi There were two trees that always rubbed out tii kaatas vil koe. Molau used to be an against each other, and when the wind island, but the sea flooded it. In south: vii blew, smoke came out. 3. rub stick to make kole Chile koe] fire. Ehononek mul vilei ahang. The boy was rubbing a stick to make a fire. 4. grate vil lau [intr] full to the brim. Synonym: food on grater. Miima keil amulavilei ouh vii sesa Chile laau] namal.The women are grating yams in the meeting house. See: vilhilei [reduplicated vii raJ [intr] [of water] collect in pool or form]; eihiIhilei [hilei] pond. M eatin keil auva amulaseh oai, ka oainek rosuvaltei koan keke kosa ro mul vilekare [n] kind of vine [vilekaree] rosehei en uel, oainek suvalkoanis vil ral . The people went to draw water, but it vilen [suff] sw. vagina. Synonym: pepe. wasn't like today where we draw water See: avil PNCV: *bile [vilo-] from a well, it was just like water in a pool. Chile rali] vilenga tomoru en] kind of sea-slug [vilengaa tomoruu] vii sesa [intr] full to the brim. Synonym: vii lau Chile sesaa] vileru en] sw. large vagina. Derived from: vilen; ru [vile-ru] vilahil1 [intr] sit quietly in canoe without rowing (so as not to frighten away octopus, viles [intr] 1. turn around; turn over. Siik fishet c.). Ame keil avite avason hUk, viles viika metauen teni mules. The shark avilahil alekat uit evis, ason hUl" When the turned around and went, but the fear of it men want to go fishing,they sit quietly to stayed. 2. turn comer (in vehicle). Kihiles look for octopus, and then the put out their ekok. Turn here. 3. change; become lines. [hila-hile] different. See: vilhiles [reduplicated form] [hilesi] en vilhiles have an upset stomach vatin viles be crazy meten viles vilahil2 [intr] 1. wave away flies. 2. exorcise evil spirit. A vilahil ran i. They 1. show the whites of one's eyes. 2. be exorcised the spirit from him. Synonym: unconscious. vilohiloh; vilehileng [hila-hile] viles kati [tr] do up; screw on [hilesi kati] vilahilas [intr] 1. unfit; unsuitable; inappropriate. Selilsien onen malus ka viles lati [tr] undo; unscrew [hiles laati] vilahilas. What he said wascorr ect, but it was inappropriate. 2. [ of motor] broken vilesi1 [tr] 1. turn around; turn over. 2. sprain muscle. Hen mavul varei, vuo 188

vilesies? Is his leg actually broken, or is it vili3 [tr] 1. plait coconut leaves to make just sprained? PNCV: *vilosi [hilesi] handle of basket. 2. weave rope. Kovil viau viles selilsien 1. speak a local variety of onen vuas?Did you weave the pig rope? a language. M eatin keil tenout V oum [hili] selilsien ttis, ka me-V ouleli keil avilesi havivi. The Paamese people have one vilitiahi [n] kind of plant [vilitiahii] language, but the people fromVouleli speak their local variety. 2. disagree with. vilohiloh [intr] exorcise evil spirit. Ttua Robertvina vahilohiloh ran ulmatu tiii Liro vilesi2 [str] tum around. Kosin viles eisin nesa. Uncle Robert went and exorcised a mom . You have got your shirt on back-to spiritfrom an old man at Liro nesa. front. See: leh vilesi; ling vilesi; ve Synonym: vilahil; vilehileng [hilo vilesi [vilesi] hiloho]

viletahet [n] slug [viletahete] vilou [n] (n) kind of tree. Synonym: vangev. In south: vangolev [vilou] viletev [n] sw. swollen vagina. Derived from: vilen; mutev [vile-tevi] vilu [n] kind of tree [vilue]

vilevo [n] sw. stinking vagina. Derived vii vii [n] (n) kind of tree. In south: vilivil from: vilen; vo [vile-voo] [viIi-viIi]

vilhilei [intr] 1. rub; grind. Ai elu vimoma [ind] sixteen (in lisefsef lukahiahin ka lumul luvilhilei. Two trees language). Synonym: till dan ahitill were crossed over and they were rubbing. [vimomaa] 2. gossip. A vilhilei min meatin tiii tenout Lfman.They were gossiping about Yin [intr] die (in large numbers). Unu keil somebody from Epi. In south: vilehilei. auvut vasf auva en voteinev, vakili mules, Derived from: vilei [by reduplication] auvin vasf. The unu all jumped down to the [hile-hilei] sea bed and the canoe was empty and they all died. Takes stressed prefix series e.g. vilhiles [intr] tum round and round. auvin. PNCV: *vunu last! finished/all Derived from: viles [by reduplication] [vinu] [hilesi] Yin lei [intr] die out; become extinct [vinu vilhili [intr] 1. red. 2. [of fire] alight; lei] flame. A hang rovilhilitei viirei. The fire is not flaming at all. 3. [of light] shine; glow. vina [intr] 1. go (upwards/uphill). 2. go (in 4. [of hair] blonde-coloured. 5. [of the direction of the interior of the island and complexion] fair; light-skinned. Derived away from the sea). 3. go to Vila from from: viii [by reduplication] [hili-hilii] Paama. 4. go to Paama from Santo. 5. go overseas from Vanuatu [hinaa] vinaen vii hili visi [tr] reddish; half-red [hili-hilii vatihou go to work in the garden. K osa viisi] kirov01ei en hUk , ro vahina nesa en vatihou. Today you won't be going fishing, we'll all viii! [n] cliff. Kei vina r6 suai en aha!keil be going to the garden. en vili. He went and hid among the rocks at the cliff. [vilii] vinati [tr] die as a result of; die for. M eatin keil hou/u enout Noumea avinat politik. vili2 [intr] 1. [of sore] inflamed; bruised. Many people in Noumea have died because Kovamus out keke viii. Rub it where it is of politics. Keil arang 101iii ran vatfnga inflamed. 2. [of food] undercooked. See: sakini tin tfsa, muas keilesuk en atas, avinat vilhili [reduplicated form] [hilii] vakili onen. They knocked the wood down fromthe native almond tree, making him 189 angry, so he killed them at sea, and they vipiIl [intr] sticky. Synonym: vipilit; died because of his canoe. [hinati] reternal. Derived from: piI [by reduplication] [vi-pilu] vini [str] 1. kill. Aruv vinl vuas tii. They shot a pig to death. 2. do to excess. lnau vipiI2 [sintr] be close together. Derived nakan vinlnauen ahis. I have had too many from: piI [by reduplication] [vi-pilu] bananas to eat. See: sal vini; mfIvini; ravini; mun vini. Reduplicated form vipilit [intr] sticky. Synonym: vipiI; vinvini. PNCV: *bunu?i kill [vinii] reternal. Derived from: piliti [by reduplication] [vi-pilitu] vini [tr] whistle at through fingers in mouth. A vln meatin tiii. They whistled at vipiluni [str] be close together. A vosei someone. Derived from: vi [vii-nil vipilun eikahkah. They stuck the yam spades in close together. Derived from: vinvin [intr] (n) 1. enough. Nakanian -vipiI [vi-pilu-ni] vinvin tai. I've had enough to eat. 2. old enough. Keik kovinvin kovoumon veren virnhirnm[intr] 1. [of light] flicker. Lam votal atouli tiii. You are old enough to have mul virahiram . The lamp is flickering. 2. a girlfriend. 3. same size. Ialu lovinvinus. twinkle. Derived from: virnm[by We are both the same size. Synonym: vatte reduplication] [hira-hiramu] tas. 4. suitable; appropriate. T ounah kekek rovinvidei keke val ven kamlatau keil. This virnm[intr] 1. nervous. 2. [of light] thing is not suitable to belong to you flicker. 3. [of star] twinkle. See: vihiram; women. In south: vinuvin [vinu-vinu] virnhirnm[reduplicated forms] [hiramu] vinvini [str] kill in large numbers. Derived virnmuni [tr] 1. nervous of. from: vini [by reduplication] [vini-vinii] Konahiram udei inau. Don't be nervous of me. 2. beg someone for something. Siti vio [conj] (n) until. Variant of: YO. In viramunau en onakpaterik . Siti begged me south: vo [vioo] for my batteries. Derived from: viram [hiramu-ni] violetau [n] kind of wild cane that is used for making yam stakes. Derived from: avi; virhireng [intr] (n) 1. make muffled noise. Ietau [vio-Ietau] 2. [of radio reception] unclear. In south: virehireng [hire-hirenge] viotoman [n] kind of wild cane used for making arrows. Derived from: avi; toman virvir[n] (n) sea hearse tree (Hernandia [vio-tomane] peltata). In south: virivir PNCV: *biri biri [viri-viri] viovi [intr] [of chicks] chirp [vio-vio] visl [intr] 1. finish. Namum visik. I have viovi Iekati [tr] [of chicks] chirp in just finished work. 2. and then. Variant of: search of mother. TItan ato v iov i lekat VUS. Takes stressed prefix series e.g. mamaone. The chicks are chirping in auvis. [visi] search of their mother. [vio-vio lee-kati] vis2 [intr] call; shout. A v isoris ke v I avong vipil [intr] summon pigs. Komaitel toumen en. 4-00 visokonsemau.They metmuloh metvina nah metvipi, vuas kei would call again that it was time for work at vuel. We ran up to the garden to summon 4-00 in the morning. See: vishis the pig, but it was missing. [vipii] [reduplicated form] PNCV: *vioso [hiso] vipi2 [n] (n) kind of palm tree. In south: vis [intr] 1. ask. 2. pray. Navong navIs ipi [vipio] evus nisital ka keikomun kasilinau. When I finishprayi ng I will go outside, and you 190 should come with me. Synonym: pire spluttered. 2. [of oil in fryingpan] spit. In PNCV: *usi [hiisi] south: visuhis [hisu-hisuu] vis Imau [intr] call out quietly so as not to visil [tr] 1. ask someone something. attract attention [hi so laa-laau] Ulmatu vfs keilu vit "Kamilisei keke atuv onen maivosiin vaiteh emak?"The old man vis kati [tr] beseech [hiso kati] asked the two of them "The arrow of which of you two hit my door?" 2. ask for vis revi [tr] ask somebody to clearly state something. Navfs taksi tiii onen MakiMit o, their intentions [hiisi revii] miiini minau. I asked for Maki Mito's taxi and he agreed. 3. ask about something. vi sal [mod] together. Ek vati navit Navit mahfs selasien ta en lanus. I want to mahfsuk eni keke vakili hehf oralu visa ask about a word in Paamese. [hiisi] minuk. I want to ask you if the canoe could be for both of us together. [visaa] visi2 [str] 1. try. Kisou vfs souen koanik. Try to sing this song. 2. be partly visa2 [intr] squabble [hisaa] characterised by something; -ish. Out malikelik v[si. It is half dark already. 3. do visanil [tr] squabble over. Keil av isiin for the first time. See: sak visi; kan visi; to unah keil. They squabbled over the kid visi [viisi] things. Derived from: visa [hisaa-ni] visis lati [tr] wrap and put in safe place. visani2 [str] do together. See: mum See: visisi [hisiisi laati] visani; kit visani. Derived from : visa [visaa-ni] visis pengasi [tr] tie perfectly. Keilu luvis[s pengas varein vakilionealu . The two visau [sintr] Only in musi visau [visau] of them tied the canoe up perfectly. See: visisi [hisiisi pengasi] vise [tr] 1. call; shout to. Amul avisok . Someone is calling you. 2. call (someone or visis ott [tt] wrap small individual parcels something) by a name. Ulmatu ta av ise en of food. Akur veta ka arosuk avisfsi, avis[s Luk kei kur vakili onen. An old man called rftf vo kei teahui. They brought the Luke took his canoe. 3. address; use a term breadfruit and then they would wrap it into of address rather than name. Kei visenau en individual parcels until there were many. tata. He addresses me as father. [hise] See: visisi [hisiisi riitii] visei [intr] (n) teach. M eatin ta tenout visisi [tt] 1. wrap. A v isfsi en veva. It was Lovu mul vfsei Liro. There is somebody wrapped in paper. 2. wear penis sheath. from Malakula teaching at Liro. See: N emaninek akiikahonos, arovisfsteimau. vihisei [reduplicated form]. In south: At that time, they were naked and they visai PNCV: *viseni [hiisei] didn't wear penis sheaths yet. Synonym: vepar; rtltuk. 3. roll cigarette. 4. bandage viseini [tr] (n) teach someone something. wound PNCV: *vivisi [hisiisi] lnaunamul navf seinuk en selusien tenout V oum. I am teaching you Paamese. visisu [intt] lumpy; rough. Navilei vangok Synonym: lanini. In south: visaini. en tiiri ka vangok v[ manu,mu les visisu. I Derived from: visei [hiisei-ni] had rubbed my stomach on the canoe seat and my stomach had sores, and it was vishis [intr] (n) call repeatedly; shout lumpy. Synonym: visisu kur [hisisuu] repeatedly. In south: visehis. Derived from: vis [by reduplication] [hise-hiso] visisu kur [intt] lumpy; rough [hisisuu kuru] vishisu [intr] (n) 1. crackle; splutter. Namunit pius vishisu. I lit the fuse and it visokon [t] morning [visokono] 191 visokon tisa [t] fIrst thing in the morning vit koe [tr] (n) prohibit. A vit koe ehon keil [visokono tiisaa] avit irom umodeimun verien en sukul. They prohibited the children frommaking any visoni [tr] 1. call out; shout. Telkole vuas, more noise in church. In south: vit kole munak mfta vesesal ven tueatel, telvisoni [hite koe] telvit: V iitukok! V iitukok! They chased the pig and when it got close to their brother, vit kotehei [tr] 1. speak abruptly. 2. say they called out: It's going to bite you, it'll without giving the fu ll details. 3. speak the bite you! 2. announce. Derived from: vis northern variety of Paamese [hite kotehe] [hiso-ni] vit leini [tr] 1. publicise. 2. tell on; reveal visongosa [t] early morning. Kei mea a secret [hite lei-nil visongosa viteni min tovuli keil vit "Kamf meheha en iih mehluhluh sd'. He woke up vit maeini [tr] (n) admit; confess to. Ehon early in the morning and said to his wives tiiveniin or eliato, amulavf si, kei mules "You all go and do our planting". mun, ka koakeilavit "Kihit maeinies". One [visongosaa] boy had stolen some eggs and he was being asked about it and denying it, and they said visu [intr] 1. meet. 2. come together. "Just admit it". In south: vit maleini [hite N avalisesuk naumai nakur kei-Tanso ral maei-ni] min out V iong LUva va luv isu. I rowed until I line up the end of southeast Ambrym with vit meseni [tr] (n) 1. explain. 2. discuss. Viong so they came together. PNCV: *sua Navit mahit mesen meatin tiimu lamuenout [hisuu] malikelik. I want to discuss someone from custom times. 3. remind. In south: vit visuhis [intr] (s) crackle. In north: meseleni [hite mesee-ni] vishisu [hisu-hisu] vit rani [tr] miss out while saying visOni [tr] meet. Navisun meatin tii en sfse. something. Asa tiimun nanahit rani keke I met somebody on the road. Derived from: mematu orer keil akilea?What else have I visu [hisuu-ni] perhaps missed out that our ancestors knew? [hite rani] visuvong [t] 1. tomorrow. 2. the next day. Eas vesesali vamen suval visuvongik eas vit revi [tr] say directly; say exactly what hemen. The chestnuts were almost ripe, as one means; be not kidding. Konahiteaitei, though the next day they would ripen. namul navitre v!. Don't laugh, I'm not [ visuvongi] kidding. [hite revii] visuvong lati [t] day after tomorrow vit usili [tr] 1. talk about; discuss. A vit [visuvongi laatie] usili viivii va asuv tiii longe. They talked about it until eventually one of the chiefs viti [intr] 1. say. 2. want. 3. heard about it. 2. tell a story. Ek vati navit complementiser. Namudemi navit keik mahit usil tUnien tiii keke meatin kis tal eni kfmai ka koromaitei. I thought that you enout V oum. I would like to tell a story would come but you didn't come. See: about when people fIrst appeared on vithit [reduplicated form] PNCV: *veti Paama. [hi te usili] [hite] Vita [intr] 1. go (downwards/ downhill). 2. vit2 [intr] [of eyes] meet. Metealu evit. go (in the direction of the sea and away Their eyes met. [vito] from the interior of the island). 3. go to Paama from Vila. 4. go to Santo from vii [n] kind of eating banana [viite] Paama. 5. go to Vanuatu from overseas. 6. [in Vila] go into town. M ahfta danUk. I vit kati [tr] impress upon someone [hite am going into town. [hiitaa] ahis Vita [of kati] banana] about to develop flower.Lu lekat 192 ahis via marfte vasf, ka ahis vfta. The two vitelani [tr] stretch legs out straight. of them looked after the banana until it was N aviteltin hek tiii, naY ulfn ttim un. I stretched big, and it was about to develop a flower. out one leg and folded the other one. Derived from: vitela [hitelaa-ni] vita lit [intr] land heavily. Sinoa lesi ke ktisis vesesali vapoen, evut, mai vfta lit dan. viten [suff] 1. navel; bellybutton. 2. mouth The Vietnamese saw that the stick was of octopus. See: avit PNCV: *buto [vito-] about to hit him so he jumped and landed heavily on the ground. [hiitaa litu] viteni [tr] 1. say. 2. mention name of. Isei vitenau? Who mentioned my name? vitaini [tr] 1. tie up coconuts by strings in Derived from: vit [hite-ni] husks. 2. tie up pudding before cookingit after putting leaves around it [hiitai-ni] vithitl [intr] (n) make arrows. Kamf mehesak mese, ro vahithit ro voumon atuv vital [intr] tangled [hitalu] tin titamol. You all get ready, let's make arrows to get the lise/s ef In south: vitehit. vite [link] smell. vfanien smell of food. Derived from: vitoa [by reduplication] [vii-] [hite-hito] viteai [intr] (n) laugh. In south: viteal . vithit2 [sintr] (n). Only in kur vithit. In See: vithiteai [reduplicated fo rm] PNCV: south: viti hit [viti-hiti] *tiali [hiteai] vithit usiIi [intr] (n) gossip about. A mul viteai kis [intr] (n) smile. In south: viteal avithit usilinau ka ro y itei anatin. They are kis [hiteai kiso] gossiping about me but it is not true. In south: vitehit usili. Derived from: vit viteai malelet [intr] (n) laugh for no [by reduplication] [hite-hite] reason. In south: viteal malelet [hiteai maleletu] vithiteai [intr] (n) laugh repeatedly. Derived from: viteai [by reduplication]. In viteai roha [intr] (n) guffaw; laugh south: vithiteal [hite-hiteai] heartily. Synonym: viteai sau. In south: viteal roha [hiteai rooha] vitil [tr] 1. dig up; uncover something that has been buried Ulmatu viteni min ehon vit: viteai sau [intr] (n) guffaw; laugh K ihit ahis tim ke men tai.The old man said heartily. Synonym: viteai roha. In south: to the boy: Dig up your bananas that are viteal roha [hiteai saau] already ripe. 2. remove food from earth oven PNCV: *vuti [hiti] viteaini [tr] (n) laugh at. Koviteain asa? What are you laughing at? In south: viti2 [tr] string a bow. Nareh viiiu mahit vitealini. Derived from: viteai [hiteai-ni] hisuput eni. I cut a vine to string the bow with. See: vithit [hitii] viteal [intr] (s) laugh. In north : viteai [hiteali] vitilah [n] kind of shellfish [vitilahe] viteh [intr] (n) sprout. Lumusei vita netan vitoa [tr] 1. make arrow or spear. Tiita lules to unah tiii viteh. They looked down onen v itoa atuv ten hisuput onen natnali . and saw that something had sprouted. The father made an arrow for his son's Synonym: vot; vohot; roha. In south: bow. 2. attach prongs to arrow or spear. vitoh [hi teho] Avu Lukai vitoa onen metas tahos vare is . Grandfather Lukai has attached the prongs vitela [intr] stretch legs out straight to his spear really well. 3. lash poles PNCV: *taIa open legs [hitelaal together to make sailing vessel. A re h vahtis 193 eau ka aro avitoa vis VI ok. They cut the vo3 [sintr] Only in mudem vo [voo] bamboo down the middle and they lashed it together to make it into a ship. See: vithit voatil [tr]put single wild cane in ground [reduplicated form] [hitoa] as trainer for emerging yam vine. M ahoat tehiouh. I am going to put the first wild vitoh [intr] (s) sprout. In north: viteh cane trainers into the ground. See: musah PNCV: *tovu grow [hitoho] voati [hoati] vituei [sintr] do together. Synonym: ruai voati2 [str] Only in musah voati [voati] [vituei] vobong [intr] (n) forget. In south: vitueini [str] do together. Synonym: bobong; mobong [vobongo] en maini. See: mum vitueini. Derived vobong forget. Inau nameaen visokon, ek from: vituei [vituei-ni] mul vobong. When I get up in the morning, I always forget. vituv [intr] smoke. Synonym: rnpan; rnpas [hiituve] vobongoni [tr] (n) forget. In south: bobongoni; mobongoni. Derived from: vituv kati [tr] run towards. Koakeil av ftuv vobong [vobongo-ni] en vobongoni katSI V. They ran towards the ship. [hiituve forget. En vobongon isen vetiinek.He has kati] forgotten the name of that breadfruit. viven [suff] smell (of body); body odour. vodas [n] (s) dugong. In north: voras Keik vlvem vo! You stink! Derived from: [vodasi] vite; aven [vii-i-ve-] voha [intr] [of coconut tree] develop bud vivieh [intr] be enemies. Keil avivieh min for flower to form. Vatimatou voha ka ling komai.They are our enemies. [viviehe] hungeite. The coconut tree developed a bud and then flowered. [hohaa] vivin [suff] cheek; temple [viivi-] vohite [link] rotten log. vohiiii katiatrotten vivirilu[sintr ] Only in rO vivirilu log from devil nettle tree. Synonym: [viviriluu] vohvoh [vohi-]

VOl [intr] 1. [of bad smell] smell; stink. voho [intr]respect. Kihoho veni. You Keil auvintai ka memetaunimevit nae must respect him. [hoo-hoo] anavo. They had all died and we were worried that they would smell. 2. rot. 3. vohoi [intr] (n) [of fungus or coral] grow rotten. 4. decay; decompose PNCV: attached to something else. Kei riik at tiita *bwoa bad smell [voo] onen mul en hinu tiii, meatin tovuol vakullili, avoi vohoi en tli1a onen. He vo2 [conj] 1. until. Amul auvol vo holien chopped his axe into a hinu tree and there vesesal vavus. They danced until the dance was nobody to remove it so fungus grew was about to finish.2. and eventually. Luro on the axe. In south: val [hohoi] mini vo vIsi vit 'Van, asa kokurikilingi kekek?" They were there together and vohoi [tr] spread out roast breadfruit onto eventually he asked "Cousin, what have sago stem to be cut into strips for eating. you got there?" 3. but. Tunali kei mul lekati See: hohoi PNCV: *voivoi [hoohoi] vo rolestei. His brother was looking for him but in the end didn't see him. 4. such vohOiai [tr] hang out to dry. Variant of: that. Nauvut vo navatinau namilsil Soule. I vohouai [hoohooiai] jumped such that I was standing alongside Soule. 5. as far as. Mftlisuk vo en eimatou vohol [intr] clear away bush. Keil avohol somaitel. He came down as far as our ka meatin tiiamai kati. While they were coconut plantation. Variant of: vio [voo] clearingaway the bush, one of the men felt 194 hungry. Derived from: voIi [reduplicated voila [n] (n) footprints; tracks. Synonym: form] [ho-holi] yen. Variant of: vaila. In south: vail a [voilaa] vohol lekati [tr] clear away bush in search of something lost [ho-holi lee-kati] voilu [n] (n) sea-cucumber. In south: vuasilo [voilue] vohot [intr] 1. [of something floating] bob up and down in waves. K ei seisei v Itaen voimasen [suff] (n) 1. breast of chicken. atasles ahu elu luveoun keilu lura luvohot 2. chest. In south: volamasen. Derived en amai en anev neli. He looked down to from: voite [voi-maso-] the sea and saw two copulating turtles bobbing up and down in the waves over the voimes [n] (n) 1. place which doesn't have reef a fair way out to sea. 2. [of reef] come what one wants. 2. boring place. Synonym: out and disappear under waves; come out at utemes. In south: volames. Derived low tide. Synonym: soso. Derived from: from: voite; mes [voi-mese] vot [by reduplication] [ho-hotu] voimesalo [n] (n) shellfish. Derived from: voMt [intr] [of seed] sprout. Derived voite; mesalo. In south: volamesalo from: vot [by reduplication] [ho-hootu] [voi-mesaloo] vohOuai [tr] hang out to dry. Variant of: voimet [n] (n) stick insect found on vohoiai [hoohoouai] cottonwood tree (which is long, thin and green). Variant of: vaimet. In south: vohvoh1 [n] rotten log. Synonym: vohite vaimet [voimete] [vohi-vohi] voinan [suff] (n) face. Synonym: nan. In vohvoh2 [sintr] (n) See: kat vohvoh. In south: volanan. Derived from: voite; nan south: vohuvoh [vohu-vohu] [voi-naa-] . voiahus [n] (n) coconut that has a hole voini [n] (n) 1. green coconut with hard with inside eaten out by rat. Variant of: flesh and water that is slightly fizzy to voihus. In south: voHihus. Derived from: drink. 2. beer. Derived from: voite; ani.In voite; ahus [voi-ahuse] south: volaini [voi-i-nii] voiasu [n] bam owl (Tyto alba) [voiaasue] voinga [n] (n) 1. native almond shell. 2. kind of sugarcane similar to akokwith thin voiau [n] (s) rope; string. In north: viau cane, white fibre and black skin. In south: [voiaau] tehinga. Derived from: voite; inga [voi ingaa] voih [n] (s) kind of shellfish. In south: volaih [voiho] voiout [n] (n) halo around moon. In south: volaut. Derived from: voite; out [voi voihus [n] (n) coconut that has a hole with oute] inside eaten out by rat. Meatin mut i koe valia mul en vaeten voihus. The man nailed voirangen [suff] (n) gums. In south: the spider into the hole in the empty volarangen. Derived from: voite; coconut shell. Variant of: voiahus. In rangen [voi-range-] south: volaihus. Derived from: voite; ahus [voi-i-huse] voisu [n] kind of shellfish used for scraping food to make pudding (Eudolium voikou [n] (n) skinny person. In south: pyriforma) [voisuu] volakou. Derived from: voite; mukou [voi-kou] voitas [n] (n) skull. Synonym: voivatin. In south: volaitas. Derived from: voite; atas [voi-i-tasi] 195 voite [link] (n) 1. shell. voimesalo volahus. In north: voiahus. Derived shellfish without animal inside. 2. empty from : volaite; ahus [vola-i-huse] container. voitfn empty tin. In south: volaite PNCV: *bura [voi-] volaite [link] (s) shell. In north: voite [vola-] voiteai [n] (n) obs. pot; saucepan. In south: volatelai. Derived from: voite; volasousou [n] (n) kind of bird. In south: teai [voi-teai] balasousou [volaasousou] voiteh [n] (n) door. Synonym: metare h. volau [intr] (s) climb up. In north: veou Variant of: vaiteh. In south: vaiteh [hoI au] [voitehe] volavol1 [n] (s) cottonwood tree voitir[mod] (n) later on. Variant of: (Hibiscus tiliaceus). In north: veave [vola vaitir, vaiti. In south: vaitir [voitiru] vole] voivatin [suff] (n) 1. skull. Synonym: volavol2 [sintr] (s) Only in matH voitas. 2. stupid person; idiot. In south: volavol. In north: vovoi [vola-vole] volavatin. Derived from: voite; vatin [voi-vatu-] voleat [n] (s) long narrow basket. In north: veiat [voleato] vok [n] fork. Bislama: fok [vooke] voleini [tr] 1. line up; put in a line. Oai vokavok [n] white spot (Tinea versicolor) muoLOImfta volein ahat. The water flowed PNCV: *voke off white [voka-voke] down and put the stones in a line. 2. spread out [holei-ni] vokoni [tr] 1. disguise oneself as someone or something else. 2. change oneself into volesi [tr] (s) lay out mat. In north: vosi someone or something else by magic. See: [holesi] vavok [voko-ni] vOlet [n] bullet. Synonym: atuv. Bislama: vokora[n] (n) 1. shell of coconut. 2. kava bolet [voolete] shell. 3. cup. Variant of: vakora. In south: vakora [vokoraa] volhol [intr] (n) dance all over; dance all the time. Keil auvolhol lfses. They are vokovi [n] into 1. sexual intercourse. 2. always dancing. Derived from: vol [by mucking around. Kei mul mumon vokovi reduplication]. In south: voluhol [holu ral min ehon keil. He is mucking around holu] with the kids. [vokovio] voIi [tr] clear away bush. Ek vatimahol vol [intr] dance. Kiroviitei Mhol? Aren't outek . I want to clear away the bush in this you going to dance? Takes stressed prefix place. See: vohol [reduplicated form] series e.g. auvol. See: vol hoi [holi] [reduplicated form] PNCV: *velu [holu] volia [n] (n) spider. V olia kei r6 les meatin volahus [n] (s) coconut that has a hole keil ar6 avalis en vakili. The spider would with inside eaten out by rat. Variant of: watch the people rowing in the canoes. volaihus. In north: voiahus. Derived Variant of: valia. In south: valia [voliaa] from: volaite; ahus [vola-ahuse] volOh [n] kind of banana [volooho] volaih [n] (s) kind of shellfish. In north: voih [volaiho] voluni [tr] perform a dance. Amul auvolun voresi. They are performing the voresi volaihus [n] (s) coconut that has a hole dance. Derived from: vol [holu-ni] with inside eaten out by rat. Variant of: 196 volvakum En] (s) hawk (Circus tight again, as though the first cuts hadn't approximans). In north: veivakum even been made. Derived from: von [by [volvakume] reduplication]. In south: vonohon [hono hono] volvol [intr] (n) [of place] unpopulated; without humans or animals. Vahera out vonhon koe [tr] (n) 1. block up. 2. fill a Tavie hevolvol, meatin hetovuel, keiL vasf tooth. In south: vonohon kole [hono fv in. Perhaps Tavie would have been hono koe] unpopulated, there would have been nobody, they would all have died. vonvon [sintr] Only in mahoi vonvon Synonym: malonglong. In south: [vono-vono] voIivol [voli-voli] vong [intr] be night-time. Out vong. It is volvolen [suff] (s) chest. In north : veven night-time. See: vongien [vongi] [volo-volo-] vongavong [n] kind of cooking banana. von [intr] 1. covered over. Ueil ten ouh Synonym: vongavong seime [vonga vosakiniout vahon. The yam trainers are to vonge] make everything covered over with yam vines. 2. packed in tight. 3. crowded. See: vongavong seime En] (n) kind of vonhon [reduplicated form] PNCV: cooking banana. In south: vongavong *vono block up [hono] en von fall saime [vonga-vonge seimee] unconscious. K ei mot en von eni. He fell down unconscious. 2. be surprised. vongien [t] night. En vongien kava eve? Where did you go in the night? See: vong voneas En] soot. Derived from : voneite; PNCV: *bwogi [vongiene] eas [vone-easu] vongikor En] Judgement Day. Derived voneau En] circumcision cut. Derived from: avong; kor [vongi-koro] from: voneite; eau [vone-eau] vopa [intr] fl at. Synonym: teiok [vopaa] voneite [link] mark; trace. Vanei ro muro htei enout V oum, ka voneite mules vopaeng En] (n) kind of eating banana. In kosiik, houonek avise en Vatihou ven south: vopaleng [vopaaenge] Hungeviii. The volcano did not erupt on Paama, but there is a trace of it today, and vopo En] leaves used for wrapping bush that hill is called Vatihou ven Hungevai. vegetables to carry them home [voopoo] K iLes voneite titamol mul museinau. Look at the marks where the lisefs ef scratched vopoar En] (n) firefly. In south: vovoar me. [vone-] [vopoare] vonemanu En] scar. Derived from: vopol l En] (s) scar burnt onto skin. In voneite; manu [vone-manu] north: vepe.Derived from: pol [vo-pole] vonet [intr] [of sickness] kill. Melmue va vopol2 [intr] (s) [of food] burnt. In north: kei mulesuk sak sesavon, mesaien onen mai vepe. Derived from: pol [by reduplication] va vahoneten. We swam but then he started [vo-pole] behaving strangely, and his illness was about to kill him. [honete] vopol3 [intr] squint. M etok vopoL. I squinted. Derived from: pol [by vonhon [intr] (n) 1. blocked up. RaLingok reduplication] [vo-pole] vonhon. My ears are blocked up. 2. packed in tight. Meatin lesi ke vakilionen vopol kati [tr] blink. Navopol kat metok. vonhonoris, suvaL aroLingtei veah rum fte . I blinked. [vo-pole kati] The man saw that his canoe was packed in 197 vopoli [intr] black. Synonym: maJikelik; somewhere on my ear and it split my ear malik[vopolii] open. Ehon ta kame ani, ani lapo mfta vosa en eim mon Jack . One boy picked a vopon [intr] 1. [of eggs] double-yolked. 2. coconut and it fell down, hitting Jack's [of nut] containing two nuts. 3. [of banana] house. 2. splash. Leirumrum vina va nesa having single skin but containing two ka lapo mai vita vosa. The whale came up bananas [vopono] and then fe ll down and splashed. PNCV: *voza clap/slap [hosaa] voporn [intr] make intermittent noise (by banging things or bumping into things). vosaru [tr] [of unaimed projectile or A hu mul vopora houlu en eiai. The turtle something falling] hit. Kami! isei keke atuv was making a lot of noise in the bush. onen mai vosan vaiteh emak?The arrow of Derived from: vora[by reduplication] which of the two of you hit my door? [vo-poraa] Derived from: vosa [hosaa-ni] vora[intr] make intermittent noise (by vosei kati [tr] (n) stick fmnly in ground. banging things or bumping into things). See: voseini. In south: vosai kati [hosei See: vopora [reduplicated form] [voraa] kati] vorame [n] (n) kind of bird. In south: vosei rasilini [tr] (n) stick posts in voramel [voramee] ground far apart in making a fence. See: voseini . In south: vosai rasilini [hosei voramel [n] (s) kind of bird. In north: raasilii-ni] vorame [voramele] vosei vipiluni [tr] (n) stick posts in voras [n] (n) dugong. In south: vodas ground close together in making a fence. PNCV: *bwoe ni natasi [vorasi] See: voseini. In south: vosai vipiluni [hosei vi-pilu-ni] voresi [n] kind of traditional dance. Amul auvolunvor esi. They are doing the voresi voseini [tr] (n) stick into ground. Amusah dance. [voresii] ai tm vi eih avoseini mul mal en atan . They cut a stick as a husking stick and stuck it vorette [link] little; small (singular). into the ground. In south: vosaini [hosei voretivakililittle canoe. Synonym: titite; nil bavivi. See: vorvorette [reduplicated form] [voreti-] vosi [tr] (n) lay out mat. Tovuli va kur arong maivasi, va ling suvonen. The old voromai [n] (n) coral trout woman broughta coconut leaf mat and laid (Cephalopholis). In south: voromal it out, and put the pandanus mat on top of [voromai] it. In south: volesi PNCV: *volasi [hoosi] voromal [n] (s) coral trout. In north : voromai [voromalo] vot [intr] 1. [of something floating] bob up and down in waves. 2. [of reef] come out vorvor en] (n) rubbish container used in and disappearunder waves; come out at cleaning up (made out of woven coconut low tide. Synonym: soso. See: vohot; leaves). In south: vorovor [voro-voro] vothot [reduplicated forms] PNCV: *votu appear [hotu] vOlVorette [link] little; small (plural). Synonym: titite; havipi. See: vorette vot! [intr] 1. arrive home fromgarden. [vore-vore-] M eatinta ka en iih mai vat teim . Somebody has arrived back from the garden. 2. [of vosa [intr] 1. hit (by accident). A vuken sak seed] sprout. Synonym: viteh; roba; vosa en out ta muI en ralingok siv vas vohOt. 3. [of breadfruit] bear fruit; be in ralingok. The shark's tail got me 198 season. See: vohot [reduplicated form] come out and disappear under waves; come [hootu] out at low tide.Nalesi ahat elu suvalahui koan ke mais mul vothot. I saw two rocks vot2 [n] speedboat. Synonym: lanis. like the ones that come out at low tide. Bislama: bot [voote] Derived from: vot [by reduplication]. Synonym: soso [hotu-hotu] votei1en [suff] sole of foot. Synonym: tinehen; tinealen. Derived from: vothoteni [tr] make obvious [hote-hote voteite; hen [vote-hee-] nil votehuli [n] kind of cooking banana vothotini [tr] find (in large numbers). [votehulii] Derived from:votini [by reduplication] [hoti-hotii-ni] voteinev [n] seabed; bottom of sea. Unu ta vut vfta en atru,madu vita, mules matilen voti silati [tr] come across; discover by voteinev . One of the unu jumped into the accident. M evoti sitatmariuhia tiii. We carne sea, went under, and lay down on the sea across a big wild yam. See: votini [hotii bed. Derived from: voteite; anev silati] [voteineve] voUni [tr] find. Lekati va va va vo voteite [link] 1. bottom of something. rovotidei. He kept looking for it, but votetiing bottom of tank. 2. bottom hand of couldn't find it. Synonym: kamoti. See: banana (which is the last one to ripen). vothotini [reduplicated form] [hotii-ni] Teite roviteimun houlu val, voteitesuk mul. voUn ehon have a child. Keilu lumul evis, There were no longer many hands left, only luvotin ehon elu, ehon onealu lamai vo luvi the very last one. 3. bottom layer of food in heitamen. They stayed together and they earth oven. K oanvi sahsah kei v ita mul vi had two children, and their children both voteite netan en avul. The sliced pieces grew up. would go in fIrstas the bottom layer in the pi t. [vote-] votmeda [n] suitcase. Early Bislama: potmenta (from French porte-manteau) votekalimei [n] kind of breadfruit. [votmedaa] Synonym: kalimei.Derived from: voteite; kalimei [vote-kalimei] voto [n] 1. photograph. 2. camera. V oto onom tahosis mules? Is your camera still voteI [n] 1. bottle. 2. broken glass. V otel alright? Bislarna: fo to [vootoo] re heinau. I cut myself on a piece of glass. Bislama: botel [vootele] votohulu [n] tree fern (Cycad spp. and Dickinsonia spp.). Synonym: hulu votelu [n] 1. kind of shellfIsh. 2. euph. [votohulue] female genitals [votelue] votout [n] bottom end of garden slope. voten [suff] 1. buttocks. 2. bottom of See: navotout. Derived from: voten; out something. 3. stem of canoe or ship. 4. [vote-i-ute] boot of car. See: avot PNCV: *boto [voto-] vowt [adj] holy. out votat holy place. [votuute] voteni [str] Only in ro voteni [voteni] vou- [v] (n) carry. See: vousi. In south: votetah [n] term of abuse (referring to vau- [hou] open buttocks). Derived from: voten; mutah [vote-taho] vouai [n] kind of sugarcane with very thick stem and yellow skin [vouai] vothot [intr] 1. [of something floating] bob up and down in waves. 2. [of reef] 199 voueh [n] (n) rufous-brown pheasant dove voumauni [tr] (n) take whole. Reh kotehei (Macropygia mackinlayi). In south: vaueh ka kur koan ka koan mul, munak vite [vouehe] vahoumaunies, ka kei kur maunies va en ok onen. He would cut them in half and take vouhoul [intr] (n) carry load on half and leave half, but if he wanted to take shoulders. In south: vauhau. Derived them whole, he would take them whole into from: you· [hou-hou] his ship. See: vOU·. In south: vaumauni [hou-mau-ni] vouhou2 [intr] [of nut] dry and withered inside shell [hou-hou] voumoulini [tr] (n) take alive. Vousi va mul en ok, rom uastei, voumoulinies. He voukati [tr] (n) take with; go away with. took him onto his ship but didn't kill him, Siti voukat kita onen. Siti tookhis guitar he took him alive. See: vOU·. In south: with him. See: vOU·. In south: vaukati vaumaulini [hou-mouli-ni] [hou-kati] your [n] (n) 1. large pieces of cut tuber voul [n] (n) tamanu tree (Calophy/lum (yarn, taro etc) cooked whole in ground inophy//um). In south: vaul PNCV: oven. 2. bar soap (rather than soap *bakura [voule] powder). Nihul sov koan vi pauta, vuo nikur koan your? Shall I buy soap powder, voul nut [n] (n) kind of tamanu tree found or a bar of soap? In south: vaur [vouro] in bush rather than near coast. In south: vaul nut [voule nuute] vousi [tr] (n) 1. carry (especially on shoulders). N avous av, nakur eau, nakur voulati [tr] (n) 1. remove. M eatin keil tem. I carried the fIrewoodon my shoulders avoultittii ran vatfnga, nesak ras mahita dan. and carried the knife and axe. 2. pick up a Those people have removed the wood from child. Metalo vahousuk . The European will the native almond tree, and now I can't get pick you up. In south : vausi. See: vOU·. down. 2. lift up. Kei voultit tem onen vic Reduplicated form vahousi. [housi] vous vatei volia, ka volia v it UK onauastei inau!" atas surf; go surfing. He lifted up his axe to chop the spider, but the spider said "Don't kill me!" 3. put out of vovi [n] kind of insect that flies about at the way. See: vOU·. In south: vaulati dusk [vovii] [hou-Iaati] v6vo1 [n] pawpaw. Synonym: ahi; sen vouleini [tr] (n) dismantle; take apart. See: ahi; veta sen ahi; sedero [voovoo] vOU·. In south: vauleini [hou-Iei-ni] v6vo2 [n] kind of insect with many voulev [n] (n) club. M eatin keil ak ur one colours that eats leaves [voovoo] voulev amul amuas titamol eni. The people got their clubs and they were hitting the v6vo3 [n] cumulus cloud [voovoo] lisefsef with them. In south: vaulev [vouleve] v6vo koe [tr] (n) cover over food. V ovo koe kuma! en pesin. Cover over the sweet vouliil [n] (n) 1. thunder. Eang potato with the basin. Synonym: pOhkoe. ro muhuhtei, ous tovuo, voulal tovuo. The In south: v6vo kole [voovoo koe] wind didn't blow, there was no rain, and there was no thunder. 2. lightning (which vovoar [n] (s) firefly. In north: vopoar strikes the ground). In south: vauliil [vovoare] [vouluule] v6voi [sintr] (n) dream. In south: volavol Voum [n] (n) 1. Paama. 2. Paamese PNCV: *bwore [voovoi] people. V oum keil houlu amul amum Vila. There are many Paamese working in Vila. vovoilok [n] (s) flounder (Bothus In south: Vaum [voumo] lunatus). In north: aek [vovoiloke] 200

Vrnire[t] Friday. Bislama: Fraere [vrairee] vui lati [tr] tip out [hui laati] vul [intr] 1. rounded. 2. [of brow] vukou En] (n) wall. In south: vukau overhanging. Niim va. You have an [vukou] overhanging brow. See: vupu; vuvu [reduplicated forms] PNCV: *buku lump vull [intr] 1. numb; anaesthetised. A rilfnau [vuu] narae ngoni ongok vul. I got an injection and my mouth feels numb. 2. have pins and vu2 [intr] fight battle. Keil asak revf needles. Hek vul. My leg has got pins and tounahenek avahiiavoha eni enout Tavie. needles. [vule] They got the thing fixed to go and have a battle over it at Tavie. See: vlihu vul2 [intr] shout in anger [vule] [reduplicated form] [huu] Vul kati [tr] shout at in anger [vule kati] vuasl En] 1. pig. 2. pork PNCV: *bukasi [vuasi] Vul kesi [tr] (n) pay in return. A tohas sak kihul kesi hetal min tftaneris hel viirei en vuas2 En] red snapper (Ocyurus vangen.You will pay me back with a pig chrysurus) [vuasi] that is carrying piglets in its belly. See: vuli. In south: vul kelesi [huli keesi] vuasilo En] (s) 1. sea-cucumber. 2. term of abuse. In north: voilu [vuasiloo] vul kotehei [tr] break off. Ehon va vul koteh angoai tiiimai lingi mul netan. The vue [tr] 1. unwrap. Koan kur onen presen, boy went and broke off a branch from the vue lesi. Whoever got his present would tree and put it on the ground. See: vuli unwrap it and look at it. 2. unfold (of leaves [vuli kotehe] covering cooked pudding). A tau keil av ue aek nanganeh. The women unfolded the vul lati [tr] buy outright. Eimonek kovul pudding yesterday. 3. open book. Navue lat viireini? Did you buy that house tUs. I opened the book. Synonym: lenga; outright? See: vuli [huli laati] vue lati [hue] vula En] pumice. Synonym: tan ahu; vue lati [tr] 1. unwrap. 2. unfold. 2. open hungola [vulaa] book. Synonym: vue; lenga [hue laati] vulahulai [intr] 1. spray. 2. [of rain] vuel [intr] 1. lost. A seisei aJekaJ keil, drizzle. Ous vulohulai. It is drizzling. koanik vuel tai.They looked around to fi nd Derived from: vulai [by reduplication] them, but that one was lost. 2. missing; [hula-hulai] disappeared. Kf onak vuel. My key is missing. Variant of: vuol; vuo. See: vulai [intr] 1. spray. 2. ejaculate. See: tovuol. Reduplicated form: vupuel vulahulai [reduplicated form] PNCV: PNCV: *bueli [vueli] *vurni spit [hulai] vlihu[intr] fi ght battle. Kopoi keil amul vulang En] bird's nest that is made by avahu ral min Indian keil. The cowboys heaping up sticks in tree (rather than were battling with the Indians. Derived making a proper nest) [vulango] from: vu [by reduplication] [huu-huu] vulavull En] hatched mosquito larvae vuhflsai [intr] tip out all over. Derived [vula-vule] from: vUsai [by reduplication] [huu huusai] vulavul2 [sintr] Only in mual vulavul [vula-vule] vui [tr] tip over. Synonym: vflsaini [hui] 201

vulerum En] kind of tree. Synonym: vuli kati [tr] 1. hold in arms. 2. catch (of ouvul aih [vulerumu] someone running to escape). 3. keep [huli kati] vulhul1 [intr] (n) 1. buy; sell. 2. go shopping. Keik kovulhul vis tai ? Have you vuli toni [tr] miscount. Kovuli ton tftiin finished shopping? In south: vuluhul. ato keil. You miscounted the chickens. See: Derived from: vuli [by reduplication] yuH [hulii tooni] [hulu-hulu] vuliame En] (n) pit used for storing vulhul2 [intr] count. Inau nareingeingeni breadfruit. In south: vuliamel. Derived mahulhul en selilsien tenout Voum . I don't from: vulite; arne [vuli-amee] know how to count in Paamese. Synonym: vulhuli. Derived from: yuH [by vulih En] kind of vegetable found in bush reduplication] [huli-huli] [vulihe]

vulhuli [intr] count. Navong titamol vulih malik En] kind of vulih vegetable vulhuli, vit vasf selusien tenout vasfvarei. with dark leaf [vulihe maliko] When the lisefs ef counts, he says words from everywhere. Synonym: vulhul. vulihang En] fireplace. Derived from: Derived from: vuli [by reduplication] vulite; ahang [vuli -i -hango] [huli-hulii] vulihesihes En] (s) tinea of the crotch. In vulhulivong [intr] count days. Alum koe north: histisa. Derived from: vulite; vo vis ka rorosuk ro vulhulfvong. They hesihes [vuli-hesi-hesi] would fo ld it over and then we would count the days. Derived from: yuH; avong [huli vulikikil En] (s) smaller cut yam of pair hulii-vongi] that are planted together in hole. Variant of: vulikil. In north: vuoolil. Derived from: vuli1 [tr] 1. buy. Navit mahii en sitoa vulite [vuli-kikili] mahultei rais. I want to go to the store to buy some rice. Synonym: vul lati. 2. pay vulikil [n] (s) smaller cut yam of pair that for. 3. pay (someone). Asuv onak ro vultei are planted together in hole. Variant of: inau votahos. My boss doesn't pay me well. vulikikil. In north: vurkilil. Derived See: vulhul [reduplicated form] PNCV: fro m: vulite [vuli-kili] *voli [huli] vulimasing En] place with magical vuli2 [tr] break off. Rovahii rovavultei associations (which can be dangerous). inga. Let's go and break off native almonds. Derived from: vulite; masing [vuli [vuli] masinge]

vulimau [n] larger whole yam of pair that vuli3 [str] break. Kei kur vul iii tiii. He are planted together in one hole. Derived picked up the stick, breaking it. See: from: vulite; rnau [vuli-mau] mflvuli; pus vuli; ve vuli. Reduplicated form vulvuli. [vuli] vulimeas En] (n) 1. ashes. 2. dust. Synonym: meas. In south: vulimolas. yuH [tr] count. Asuv mutein keil evus vulf Derived from: vulite; meas [vuli-measu] keil, evus san keil en umenesuk. The boss would line them up, count them, and then vulimeteai En] (n) 1. place where the sun send them out to work. See: vulhuli sets. A mat mul lehleh viien vulimeteai. The [reduplicated form] PNCV: *vuluki tide was pulling towards the setting sun. [hulii] 2. west. In south: vulimeteal. Derived from: vuHte; meteai [vuli-mete-eai] 202 vulin [suff] sleeping place. Mealin ro en vulungeni [tr] weave pattern into edges of vulin, romeiitei. The man stayed where he mat as decoration rather than just closing slept, he didn't get up. Synonym: yen. See: off the weaving plain [hulungeni] avul [vulu-] kur vulin replace. Keik kikur v ulin tiita onom. You will replace vulvul [n] (n) 1. hole (made to put your father. something in). A vftaakil vu lvul onen tovuli avotahini, ka kei sak ras vomat. They went vulini [tr] fold legs. Kei vitellin hen tiii, down and dug the hole for the old woman vulin tlim un. He stretched out one leg, and to bury her, but she wouldn't die. 2. earth folded the other. [hulii-ni] oven. In south: vuluvul . Synonym: avul [vulu-vulu] vulingasin [suff] 1. nose. 2. nostril [vulingasu-] vulvuli [str] smash; break into pieces. K ei muti vulvul metareh. He smashed the door vulioai [n] 1. well. 2. pool of fresh water. to pieces. Derived from: vuli [by Variant of: vuluai. Derived from: vullte; reduplication] [vuli-vuli] oai [vuli-oai] vunit [n] leaves placed over outside stones vulirais [n] sl. anus. Synonym: vulitan; of ground oven to prevent dirt from getting metetan; uruvoten. Derived from: into food [vunitu] vullle; rais [vuli-raise] vungo [intr] 1. die out. 2. become extinct. vuliralingen [suff] ear hole. Derived Synonym: vin [vungoo] from: vulite; ralingen [vuli-ralingo-] vuo1 [int] 1. no. 2. nowhere. Kfha kave? vulitan [suff] anus. Synonym: uruvoten; Vuo! Where will you go? Nowhere. 3. metetan; vulirais. Derived from: vulite; nothing. Variant of: vuol; vuel. See: tan [vuli-taa-] tovuo [vuo] vullte [link] hole left by something. Ai tii vuo2 [conj] 1. or. Kfha Liro vuo kiroviitei? mGJ'U mfta ka vulfte mules. A tree fe ll down, Will you be going to Liro or not? 2. tag for leaving a hole. [vuli-] yes/no question when affIrmative answer is expected. Keik komun ti tai vuo? You've vuliteim [n] (n) 1. site of former village. had breakfast, haven't you? Variant of: Ek vali navit mahitusil teim tiiavise en vuol; vuel [vuo] Hinuvoi, ka vuliteimonek mealin koa keke heitamen tenoutenek avise en MailTuli. I vuol1 [int] 1. no. 2. nowhere. 3. nothing. want to talk about the clan of Hinuvoi, and K oviten asa? V uol! What did you say? the powerful person in that former village Nothing. Variant of: vuo; vuel [vuoli] was called Mail Tuli. 2. place where old house used to be. In south: vulitelaim. vuol2 [conj] or. Lehtosek vuol hemukave? Derived from: vullte ; teim [vuli-teimo] Shall we stay here or what? Variant of: vuo [vuoli] vulilisa [n] forbidden place. Derived from: vullte; lisa [vuli-tiisaa] vuol3 [intr] 1. lost. 2. missing; disappeared. Variant of: vuel; vuo vuluai [n] 1. well. 2. pool of freshwater. Reduplicated form: vupuol [vuoli] Variant of: vulioai [vuluai]

vupu1 [mod] thoroughly; quite a lot. vuluai mon taIo [n] hollow between Metmue vupunga, soutin viireis. We had collarbone and shoulder [vuluai mo-ne quite a swim, it was a very long way. taaloo] [vupuu] 203 vupu2 [intr] 1. round. Heivamukin vupu. vurldlil [n] (n) smaller cut yam of pair that Pumpkins are round. 2. tubby; pudgy. are planted together in one hole. In south: V iisuaev v ite '1nau milesinau nav i mante ka vuIikikiI; vulikil [vuri-kiliili] natamure, avek vupu". The thumb said "You can all see that I am thick and short, vuroh[intr] (n) angry. Synonym: tin my body is pudgy". Derived from: vu [by kati; tin katiat; tin tisa; tinkon; tin reduplication] [vu-puu] veheng. In south: vfuuh [vuuroho] vupuel [intr] 1. lost (in large numbers). vuroh kati [tr] (n) angry with. Keik Komai netin mevupuel Uk, mivit mevin ka kovuroh katinau vensa? Why are you angry komairis kek. We are the ones who were all with me? In south: viiruh kati [vuuroho lost, you thought we were all dead but kati] we're back now. 2. missing; disappeared (in large numbers). Variant of: vupuol. vuroh malelet [intr] (n) short-tempered; Derived from: vuel [by reduplication] [vu angry for no reason. In south: viiruh pueli] malelet [vuuroho maleletu] vupUni [str] do thoroughly. Derived from: vurong [n] fishing line [vurongi] vupu [vupuu-ni] vuruh [intr] (s) angry. In north: vuroh vupuol [intr] 1. lost (in large numbers). [vuuruho] A umaialesinau arangisinau ka arangis koakeilkeke avupuol. They came to see me vurvur[int r] (n) rough; lumpy. In south: and cry for me, and they cried for the ones vurovur [vuro-vuro] who were lost. 2. missing; disappeared (in large numbers). Variant of: vupuel. vurvuroen [n] leprosy. Synonym: Derived from: vuol [by reduplication] vuring. Derived from: vurvur[v uro [vu-puoli] vuro-ene] vupus [intr] kick. Keik kovupus tfsa. You vus1 [intr] 1. finish.Lumu m ruai vo vakili kick poorly. Derived from: pusi [by vus.They cooperated until the canoe was reduplication] [vu-pusi] aven vupus be finished. 2. and then. A suv mutein keil tough. evus vulf keil evus san keil en umen. The boss would line them up, then count them, vurahillt [n] bladder. Synonym: heihillt and then send them off to work. Variant of: [vura-huuhu] vis. Takes stressed prefix series e.g. auvus [vusi] vuras1 [intr] 1. splash or spray suddenly when opened (e.g. of rotten coconut). 2. vus2[intr] squeeze grated coconut for slip out of hand when being hit (e.g. nut) milk. See: vushus [reduplicated form] [vurasu] [husu] vuras2 [sintr] Only in vas VUf3S. vus lati [tr] scoop out food to be served. [vurasu] Kivus lOt an rais. Scoop out his rice. See: vusi [vusi laati] vuras kati [tr] splash on; spray something suddenly (when opened). Inau namusah ani vus meseni [tr] make food without tiii, anfnek vuras katinau. I cut open a squeezing coconut milk over it. See: vusi coconut and it sprayed me. [vurasu kati] [husu mese-ni] vuring [n] leprosy. Synonym: vUsai [intr] 1. tip over. Teram vilsai. The vurvuroen [vuringe] drum tipped over. 2. [of canoe or ship] capsize. See: vuhUsai [reduplicated form] [huusai] 204 vOsai Hiti [tr] tip something out [huusai uncle arrived. Takes stressed prefix series laati] e.g. auvut. See: vutahut [reduplicated fo rm] [hute] vOsai leini [tr] tip something all over [huusai leini] vut2 [intr] blunt. Titiau onak evut viireis, nesak ras mateh veret eni. My knife is so vOsaini [tr] 1. tip over. Navilsain teram . I blunt I can't cut bread with it. [hute] tipped over the drum.2. capsize (of canoe or ship). Siik vilsainau ral min vakili vIta. vut kati [tr]jum p on; jump at [hute kati] The shark capsized me with the canoe. Synonym: vui. Derived from: vOsai vut lam [tr] jump over [hute laauii] [huusai-ni] vutahut [intr] 1. jump all about. 2. get off vusen [suff] meat part of meal. Kokan canoe; get out of car or bus (in large vusomos? Did you just eat the meat? numbers). Derived from: vut [by Synonym: vusirei [vuso-] reduplication] [huta-hute] vushus [intr] (n) squeeze grated coconut vutali [intr] 1. narrow. 2. small [hutaalii] for milk. Keik kovushus tahos. You squeeze coconut well. Derived from: vus vuthut1 [intr] (n) swear; use bad language. [by reduplication]. In south: vusuhus Kei vuthut vit "bastet". He swore, saying [husu-husu] "bastard". Synonym: musisil. In south: vutuhut. Derived from: vuti [by vusi1 [tr] 1. remove copra from coconut reduplication] [hutu-hutu] shell. 2. remove meat from shellfish. 3. serve food. K iv us Om rais. Serve your rice. vuthut2 [intr] (n) 1. pluck bird. 2. weed Synonym: kaini. See: vusvus garden. In south: vutuhut. Derived from: [reduplicated form]; eivus [vusi] vuti [by reduplication] [hutu-hutu] vusi2 [tr] cut string out of coconut husk to vuti1[tr] 1. swear at. 2. abuse. See: tie two coconuts together [vusi] vuthut [reduplicated form] [huti] vusirei En] (n) 1. craving for meat. 2. meat vuti2[tr] 1. peel fruit. 2. shell egg. 3. pluck part of a meal. Synonym: vusen. 3. person fe athers from chicken or bird. See: vuthut who craves meat. In south: horovus [reduplicated form] PNCV: *savuti [huti] [vusirei] viiti1 [refl] 1. proud. Inau navutinau ven vusuni [tr] add coconut milk to food. Ouh tires onak. I am proud of my dress. 2. show emas, amutah oai vii, akoimatou avusuni off. Keik komul kovutuk en asa? What are evus akani. When the yams are cooked, the you showing off about? Synonym: water is poured away, the coconuts grated kereini. See: viiviiti [reduplicated form] and the milk added to the food, and it is [ vuuti] eaten. Derived from: vus [husu-ni] viiti2 [str] do unwillingly. See: miim vusvus [intr] (n) remove copra from viiti; saviiti. Reduplicated form viiviiti. coconut shell. See: eivusvus. In south: vusuvus. Derived from: vusi [by viiviiti1 [refl] show off all the time. K eil reduplication] [vusu-vusu] amul avuvut keil lfses. They are always showing off. Derived from: viiti [vuu vut1 [intr] 1. jump. Volia vuteris viien vuuti] voihus onen. The spider jumped back into his coconut shell. 2. get off canoe; get out viiviiti2 [str] do unwillingly. Kei of car or bus. 3. go ashore (from ship). 4. siivuvuties minau. He gave it to me with no arrive. Navfta melro ka avov onen vut. I went down and stayed with him and his 205 intention of letting me keep it. Derived viivu1 [n] buzzing noise. See: kul viivu from: viiti [by reduplication] [vuu-vuuti] [vuuvuu] vutou [n] kind of grub found in ground, viivu2 [intr] 1. [of point] rounded (rather which is white in colour [vutou] than sharp). 2. bulge. Asiinek mul vuvu en tirausis onom ? What's that bulging in your vutvut [intr] (n) deaf. Ralingen vutvut. He trousers? Derived from: vii [by is deaf. In south: vutuvut PNCV: *but reduplication] [vuu-vuu] dumb [vutu-vutu]

ENGLISH-PAAMESE FINDERLIST r

209

- A - agree mlii; (to) mliini; (with) raeng rlitlini; (on time) vat kati, rei avong

abate metata, vati agreementhatkatien

aboundmas aim (bow) lehei, vat lliti about eni, mini, usili airlieldout ten aman above nesa albino mahiteli, timahit abundance amas alight (of fi re) mukan, vilhili; (of bird/flying fox) mutlni, rekou abuseseliis kekar eni, vuti alive moul accompany kit leleni, kli slislini, kli sIni all vasI accuse rekaini, ralekaini allow mliini across nusH, usH, toveite, toveise, usHe, tav almostvesesal, vesesali, sesali act sak; (tough) ro hatetamen alone hon action sakien already tai, tuai add (to food/drink) soni; (coconut alrighttahos milk to food) vusuni always Uses address tenns hisoen amaranthus ouveau admit mliini,vit maeini Ambrym (north) Nlin; (southeast) adopt (child) kulliti, kur klini Tanso, Taso advantage ipu America Merika advise sel kati among eni, nen adze tlita anaesthetised vul aeroplane aman ancestor meatin matu, mematu, tevin afflict (of sore) kani; (of skin anchor (intr) son teai; (n) teai; (stone) initation) kati hatmetai afOOd metau, ulin metau, ulin klin ancient matu, telamun

afterbirth siivon mon ehon and ka, at afternoon kovanges, medIlah angelfish meihat, veihat afteIWards vaiti, vaitir angry viiroh, tin katiat, tin usa, tinko �, tin veheng; (at) tin kati; (about) sak vem agape mang 210 animal (wild) tiredan ashamed memou ankle heivoul ashore aiou, eau announce visoni, vit leini ask vIsi; (for) visi answer kudis selUsien, sakes selUsien; assist (intr) katau, suvasuv; (tr) katauni, (back) retovoaini suv kati

ant (stinging) as; (white) rame; asthma (have) sehaseh (sugar) tidin, titin; (kind) rorat at enout antenna asil attack muasi anusvulimn, metetan, uruvoten, vulirais avocado avoka any teta, tetai awake mule apart keka aware longlong; (of) kileni appearkis tal, mea awkward hen meas appointment hatkatien axe teai, vatiteai approach (of wave) reitei

appropriate vinvin - B - arguelehlehing, musel, sik, val, sel tetovoai babble sesel argurnent sikien, tungen baby titiali; (very small) tlvava ann ahe, hen baby-sit ronat annband avan bachelor meakoi annpit hingen back eisilin; (upper) marin around ka rahit back off soritlni arrive rang tal; (at) rokoli; (home from backache eisilmah garden) vot bad tisa arrogantmumon tovi badge metai arrow atuv, hopu, vatuei; (with single point) vieteai baggy makurakur, masurasur arrowroot toval bail sehei as hit, ka, suvali bailermunmun ash meas, vulimeas; (in burnt garden) bait hengan makes; (volcanic) tan 21 1 bake rani basket (coconut) atuvoi; (kind of coconut) atuvoi toman, atuvoi heival, bald varin muto ingivon, veiat; (pandanus) ateli bamboo eau; (fuzz) lumlum; (kind) basswood uheuh, uhouh ouhat, sousou bastardehon ten slse banana ahis, avoi; (skin) okeahis; (bark, dry) ulIte; (leaf, dry) ouput; (sucker) bat tivirit sillte; (for pudding) hishos; (not for pudding) histlsa; (kind) ave, hasel, batfish ouvek; (kind) ouvek ten meneai, hungauah, kavedes, leri, mabon, maki aev, ouvek ten vongien malel, malel voloh, masur, masur ten molau, mat rani, meakes, nani, nginit tamen, bathe (intr) mukul; (tr) kull ririga, samo, sarir, savel,sekau, sok, sousou, tahui, tahui tamelas, tahui bathroom out takulien temangoringor, tato, tatong, uanpaun, vava seime, vIt, voloh, vongavong, vongavong battery bUsi seime, vopaeng, votehuli battle hUen, rea banana passionfruit karedel, karedela beach veien; (below highwater mam) bandage vislsi veihae banded rail veivou, veivei beach lily hiahi bang pa beach morning glory huahu banyanavek; (kind) vekanu, vekahu bead tree heivis barbecue (intr) lelengas, sinahang; (tr) bear(p ain) mUdina; (fruit) rekou; lengasi (many fruit) raleha barbel (of fish) amiveasen beardamiveasen barge in rang tal beatmut l; (drum) muasi bam(dry, of tree) engeite, engeiven; beauti ful meredas (at joints of cane) kahin; (fibrous) ulIte becalm pil kari, pilit kari bam (intr) musel; (at) suk kati because veni, veni keke, yen koan, yen koan keke barracuda anmaril ten vongien beckon kalehei barrel (of gun) ongon become mai barrel tree heivis bedavet barren (of woman) malumlum beefbuluk, munai, oumunai bash mutt beervoini, vatimeai onen metalo

before mulamun, mulamu 212 beget vasi birthplace anu, nunu beginning vatte bitch atahas behave strangely sak sesavon bite (tr) kati; (intr) katiat behavioursakien; (improper) sakien bite onto kat kati tatisa bits and pieces sumeite behind toun bitter k6n, mae belch rea black malikelik, malik, vopoli believe mudemi; (in) mudem kati blackish malikelik vIsi bell ave bladder heihuh, vurahuh bellow seh ren blade aneite; (of oar) ouvatihos belly avang, yangon; (lower) sangen, vatisangen blamere keini, ralekeini bellybutton avit, viten blanket eitaluh, pulagit below dan, netan blaze kan sisil, musisil beltatoh, atuh bleed meda; (after having stopped) salit bend (tr) kubusi, lubusi; (back) mangor; (over) malingling, suasu; (inwards) bless rokol kati, rokol lati, pire koe mad, marid blind var bendable malumlum blink polpol, pol kati, vopol kati benign hos blistered davu6v, rovov beseech vepeahi, vis kati block koe, kononi, r6 koe, sak koe; (ears) between mulvasi kis koe; (road)rave, rave koe, raveni

Bible Tus Votut blocked verai bigheitamen, hatetamen, mante, marmante; blonde vilhili mariso, marmariso blood ara, ran; (menstrual) mesaien; bile measen; (in crab) as mon oum (clot) hatIra bilge arum blow (tr) muhi; (intr) muhuh; (of wind) mu, muhuh; (in gusts) seavo (to birdaman; (perched) mantai; (kind) aia, make fire catch) muh kani; (nose) avervato, balasousou, volasousou, eim, ein, murah; (apart)sei leini; (away) seini lukulau, narongatItel, rere mav, siluiv, sioda, sisihi, talo, tetekal, yeah, vorame, blowfly angolu voueh blown (of globe) pol, vepe 213 blunt vut, manUnu brace oneself ve sai blurredralimah brackish kan boar loholu brain ahan board (ship) kove branch (large) angoite; (small) asIte, atte; (trimmed) tupehau; (off) vashasi elu bob (up and down) saso, vot, vohot, vothot brand milk body aven, teiai; (part) hatlven; (odour) brave ulin hoshos, ulhoshos vlven; (of canoe) teivakili bread veta, polaua, veret boil (intr) mukur; (tr) kUkeni, rini breadfruit veta; (flower) vatiahul; boil (n) utua (half) haveah; (sliced) sahsah, sahsah veta; (largerof pair) muaite; (smaller bone asi, sIn of pai r) tasIte; (preserved) arne; (pit) vuliarne; (ripe)melIte; (rolled) hahoi, book tUs, bilk teter; (kind) adesa, ala, alo, anmarei, anUs, anUs aet, anUs atin, asu, avesilo, eim, boredaven mah, en mah, ra tavoiai heiang, heivaeng, hovasis, hunahunak; kalimei, votekalimei, kokoli, ladiah, leier, boss asuv lelil, marilu, masikav, meau, metaniiii, muek, aha, aha anmaulang, orelito, roul, bothkeilu vasI rov, sihil, sOlein ahang, subetai, tan aman, teiai, tUtou, upuas, utiamaru, utimasil, bottletop meten utivilen Makerit, an vinI, vane an vim, vasiravoai, veta hon, veta hos, veta luvaluv, bottom voten, voteite; (of yam) vaseite; veta aha, veta oai, veta peah, veta usa (of garden) votout break (tr) vuli, muvuli, muti vuli; (intr) bounce rahut mavul; (apart) muti vasi, mUvasi; (ground in garden) kahkah, rata; (off boundary veieh; (marker) vativeieh bush vegetables) kinit kotehei; (open) kum vasi; (of day) out mulan, out muluv; bow ahis, hisuput; (string) uehis, uen (skin) rali hisuput breakfast mun u bow (head) rei vatin breast sUsu; (of chicken) voimasen box (intr) mutit breast milk sUsu boxfish umatou breathe museh, vangos boxwood hesahes breed vashas boy ehon; (with unhealed circumcision cut) manu; (recently bright muoh, lelan; (of pe�on) maluv ci rcumcised) vekaho broad daylight muoh lelan boyfriend ahoi broken mavul; (down) vilahilas braateli ten sUsu 214 broom ise butterlly fish holela brothel eim tahanien buttocks avot, voten brother (of man) tIme, tuak, tilnali; (of buzz kul vilvu woman) monen, monali buzzer toy kokorat brother-in-law uan, mase buzzing vilvu bruised lovlovu, muti kokoa, muti loklokoa, mutiliff, viIi buy vuli brush purasini; (ashes from earth oven) miilasi - C - bubble (intr) kur vithit bud (intr) mud; (of coconut tree) voha cabbage kapis; (Chinese) saina build kilIlini calf tItiin buluk building eim calf (of leg) rengareng bulge vilvu call vis; (of kingfisher) ra; (of first bird in morning) ra soksok; (tr) vise bulldozer atahas, biil calm (of sea) mat, muoh; (down) tin bullet atuv, vOlet merau, tin tahos, metata bunch (of fruit) hungIte canine tooth hosetau

canoe vakili; (large) menaias; (hollow b�rn (intr) mukan; (tr) kani; (low) kan leI, metata; (off) munin; (down tree) part) valengevakili muni rue; (skin, by volcanic ash) musesen; (fruit, by sun) rini canoe tree veha burnt (of food) pol, vepe capsize (of canoe) asem kuv, vakili mat bwp rea captain vatihos, seman, kaviten burrow vae carvakili, vatiaian, terak bury rahini care (n) demvoen, devilen; (intr) mudem vo, mudem k6, mudevu bush eiai, neiai, eahon, bils; (deep) urumatu, uruvatia, uruvatia ffsa carefully kuhi bush nut tavoi; (kind) tavoi ailah, tavoi caress kamusi atuva, tavoi hoev, tavoi mesai " tavoi reasu tavoi ffsa carry lahi; (underann) kahini; (in one hand) lah piluni; (on neck) muani; (over bushy niit shoulder) raleha; (on shoulder) vousi; (slung over back) retaleh; (in hands) butterlly vatiteka, rekau, madeka retalIni; (on hip) sengaini; (over 215 stomach) sengalIni; (child, over back) cheekiness karien veha cheeky kar cartilage angol, hatiiratur chest veven, voimasen carve musahi, rata chew (tr) mungasi; (intr) mungasngas; carving nana (on) kat kirkiriti cassava maniok, anien an vuas chewing gum sigom cassia kasis chicken ato; (white) toah; (black) tomalik; (grey) tovulimeas; (brown) cast spell mumon mae, seseda tohilhili; (black and white) toreremav; (young and tender) tohau; (old and casuarina eai tough) tomatu; (small but fully grown) toselali; (wild) toredan; (with cat busi untidy feathers) tohillangis, tohilsesah, to-Veranis; (feeding place) alei, uteral catch kuri; kur kati; (fish) sare; (animal by leg) rapolis; (something thrown) chief asuv; (paramount) asuv houlu, sohi; (alight) muka; (breath) museh leini suvtoto; (high-ranking) malilu caterpillar vava; (stinging) sesah child ehon, tItan; (eldest) muaite; (youngest) tasIte, tasikor; cattle buluk, munai, oumunai (intennediate) mualuhu; (illegitimate) ehon ten sIse cave valengeihat, valengeite chin veasen celebration alei, lapet Chinese hinu cemetery rahltan, tehItan chip at rakirkiriti centipede alehis chipperatis, vakekal chafe kati chirp viovi change (notes into coins) rasilIni, rarasillni; (clothes) sin kesi chock men charcoal meneivong, meleivong choke on rem kononi chase kole, lit kati, seavoni; (away) kol choosy leka lati; (with stones) kov liti chop musahi, rata, rei; (into tree for chat run safekeeping) rakati, ralati; (in half) rakotehei cheap mot, temae chopsticks ai cheat (at marbles) mutis chunk mavulIte check on ravosili, saueni chum up kouhini cheek veasen, vlvin cicada havungali 216 cigarette tupan, sumok cloth-like material at top of coconut tree aun circumcise rehei, muasi cloud (white) mahmah; (cumulus) circumcisedva en amal, va en vekaho, va vovo; (stonn) manekoli; (rising to en hospitel great height) vatvat circumcision vekaho; (cut) voneau cloudy ralimah circumnavigate loh rahiti club voulev clam teai cluck kokota; (in search of chicks) kor clambermukelau, mukekelau clumsy hen meas clanamal, usiteim, heirnal, vatiteim, cluster (intr) kapil; (n) talite vatiamal coals, hot ahang, meneihang, meleihang clap kovasi coastal tedas, vedas classificatory (of kin) haha cobweb tareh claw kalihen cockroach veivei, kokoros clean (adj) muto; (spotlessly) muto las; (tr) motaini, mUm motaini, sak motaini coconut (dry) matou; (dry, not yet sprouting) matou hon; (fallen) clear (adj) mese, muangoang; (bush) metanger; (with putrid water) tasivo; voli, rei, sak motaini (green with no flesh) ahus; (green with soft flesh) ani; (green, just clearing mesai beginning to develop flesh) rehreh; (green, with fizzy water) voini; clench pullni, puli kati (water) siani; (sprouting) ahai; (without flesh) aheah; (without clever kileile water) angol, ngolimatou; (with hole eaten by rat) voihus, volaihus; cliff viIi (forbidden) matoulou; (bud) hanoano, metnoano, okak; (fibre) aun, hingaun , climb (up) veou; (tree) veouai; (from hinimatou ; (frond, fal len) teipah; one tree to another) ravoka; (of yam (branch from which fruit hangs) vine, all over stake) sau; (down) vasil; (flesh) aneani; (frond) ousil; suvul (milk) rimatou; (milk, undiluted) matoutou; (nut growing straight from clitoris utivilen trunk) matou soso; (husk) hinimatou; (shell) vakora; (empty, for sorcery) close (tr) koteheni; (eyes) pol; (up) sUhus; (grater) karkar; (plantation) koteh koe eimatou, neimatou; (scoop) eikai, eikekai; (sprout) holeahai; (tree) matou; (tree, close (adv) vesesal, vesesali, sesali sloping) teimatou; (breakable part) matou hoev; (unbreakable part) matou closed koteh tIsa; (kind) matou havkraun, matou ai, matou hoev,matou mahiteli, ngoliman, clothes eisin, ullven matou ngoliman, matou Santo, matou tIsa, matouhai, matouka, matoura, sUsu, sengat, sengat arnaru 217 coconut crab riou, riou holauai consti pated verai coconut lory sIho containervoite cold (adj) anni kati, madil; (completely) contents aneite madil lei; (n) anni, an contribute soni cold sore ingisu cook (intr) kuk, munahang; (tr) kUkeni; collapse maru, merang (in earth oven) rani; (wrapped in leaves with hot stones) sohaini collide with sali cooked mas colour (n) male; (apply) mutaveah cool madil colourless mutetalo cooperate mum ruai, mum visa, mum coloured kur mak vituai, mum tas comb kom copramatou; (drier) avet ten matou; (scoop) eivus, eivusvus come mai ; (afterwards) elueni; (ashore, of canoe) ro kilIni; (down) copulate van, veouai; (with) ruva, muasi, mIta; (from) ka; (from afar) ka sai; muterni, veouni, rali kati (together) visu; (next) katau; (out) kis mal; (right to) moti; (up) rna; (undone) copy mum tetohoni maluvaluv; (undone, of weaving) rili lumlum; (off at stem) merah; (through, coral (dead, on beach) merales; (kind) of tooth) val ahui, alum, angoiah, melave, helahel command meng kati coral tree are compete mum tetovoai coral trout voromai complain sel kutut com sila, kon; (kind) kon vong, kon volaini complete (adj) mau, temau comer (tr) loh koe conceal suaini, ling suaini, kur suaini comer post meatin concerned metau corpse teiai conch amaru correct mal conclude matot cottonwood veave; (kind) veave ali, cone shell tavoi; (kind) tavoi koa keken, veave tanuvo, veave haha tavoi koa kur milk vivirilu, tavoi koa muoh, tavoi koa voite keih cough viI confess vit maeini count vulI; (days) vulhullvong congregate lah ruai counterfeit luvluv constellation (particular) eihau couple lumali 218 cover leur koe, mutaluh koe; (over) va crouchpul lni koe; (in pudding) kah koe; (food) p6h koe, v6vo koe crow kokorat coveredmutaluh crowd into musinglni covering hili:te crowded von cow buluk, munai, oumunai crucifix ai veave coward tame tau crumbsokoite cowrie heiva crunchmiiliti crab(baby) masias, timasias; (male) crunchy mangorngor oum vaet; (female) oum ahin; (kind) ah, ahin Lovu, holengeisil, hulhuli, melav, crutches ai, eisal, eikot motmot, teivakili, tivon, tUh, tUh sesal cry mls; (out of sorrow) murang; crack(make noise) muroh (insincerely) len; (from fear of punishment) mufu malelet, mufu metau; cracked mahoi, mahoi vlsi, mahoi vonvon, (for someone who has died) rangisi mavul ¥lsi cry-baby eisls crackle vishis crying tangien crammusing lni cuddle kavoav cramped kali cup vakora, vanikin crane neck rapeha current uilaheah craterongon curse kur lesles craving fo r meat horovus, vusirei cut rehei, rei; (into pieces) rarasillni; crawl kea (end sharp) ravali; (first one) ravlsi; (down) rei; (stem of sago leaf) muliti, crazy miinoun, unoun, vau, vatin viles mukuliti; (leaf into strips for weaving) relei, reI vasi; (leaf from create lingi, ratiini cane) sali: creep sileh; (through small space) kis cycad mail ril cyclone angii crinoidlurnlum ten anev, moil vong crooked kekavel - D - cross (n) fu veave; (intr) kahiahin; (tr) kahin kati; (anns) kay kat hen; (legs) ralihe damage kareni; puriini croton siel; (kind) oumak, ses6k, siel dance (intr) vol; (n) holien; (kind) ralingpil seneang, voresi 219 dandruff amus design milk daJk malikelik, malik destroy kuv vasi, miileini dam-skinned malikelik develop (film) kasi daughter natnahin, natin, tmin devil temat daughter-in-law ahineli devil nettle ai, ai katiat; (long-lasting) alvati day avong; (before yesterday) noeis; (after tomorrow) visuvong lati; dew heiman, rilev, manni (Judgement) vongikor diarrhoea sohien; (have) musoh daybreak out mulan, out muluv die mat, vin, pol; ling vinI (for) mat koe, dazzle ritini vinati; (leaving survivor) mat rani; (out) vin lei, vungo dead mat diffe rent muka, musav, tesav, tatesav deaf vutvut difficult keih deafness ralingvutvut dig (intr) kil; (tr) kili; (out) kil lati, death matien kilati; (up) kil leini, viti; (earthoven) kouhini; (ground with snout) musu decay vo digging stick eih deceive luvosi, liluvosi dirt atan; (on body) amus deception luvosien dirtymeteite, musIte decompose vo disappearkur lei, kus, suai, vuel, vuol decorate mosanini discharge (from sore) (n) harharHe decorated mosan discharge (passengers) kouni, kou lati, decoration mosan rivIni deep matetel discordant varu defeat muasi discover lesali, mudem siili; (by accident) voti silati defecate mutau, va touveieh; (on) mutauti; (on, with runny faeces) discuss selus kati, seliisini, vit meseni, vit musohoti usili deliver siini disease mesaien deny mun diseased (of fruit) mesai depressed ulin tisa disguise vokoni descend from kis tal dislocated rapus 220

dislodge rang Hili draw (apart) muke; (water) sehei; (on cigarette) simi dismantle mUleini, vouleini dreadlock maesi disobey pasuni dream (intr) matil v6voi; (n) disperse rasil, rupan matilv6voien

dissolve kur lei dressed musin

distant soutin dribble (n) kokohin, kokohlven, slkokohin, slkokohlven; (intr) rea distribute rIn, sarasillni, vie drift raheah, muoliil, sesai distrust pasuni drill (tr) kiles tetali, kosi; kouli (intr) disturbkar eni, puriini koskos

dive munii; (disappearing from view) drink (tr) muni; (intr) munmun; (by munu kuskus; (in search of) munu lekati putting mouth directly to water) ravo; (strong) oai, oai takeih; (beer) pisu divorced keka drinkable makaikai dizzy spell metmalikelik, meten mualial drip mutil, rohroh do miimoni, sakini; (up) kiles kati; (what one is told) r6 en ren; (roughly) rou drizzle ous vulahulai konakon; (what) kosa, koseini; (for first time) sak rohtohoni drop (tr) kur t6ni

doctor, traditional lev aivai , 16vaivai drop in sau

dog huli drop (of water) heioai

dog paddle mukal atas drop-off ngoliarnai, ngolngoliamai

dolphin aki droughtavong tatin, lanimes

doormetare h, vaiteh drown mun vinl

dorsal fin hln drowsy metalong muasi

double-yolked vopon drumave

dove arne drunk aek, atan, meas

down dan, netan dry mes, memes; (of copra) kan kati; (of vegetables) mukou; (of nut) vouhou; downpourtanoa, tanoa rumrum (oneself) mulUl

dragonfly men men oai dry retch kokohutu, mulu hon

dragon plum eau; (kind) ouhoev, dugong voras, vodas ouolevis, ourahi dumb ameng, mengmeng 22 1 dusk havungali mIs eel melit, malit; (kind) melit ten atas, melit ten oai dust meas, vulimeas effort lehkouen dwan heimiim egg orelIte; (wh!te� matou; (ro�en in dye kulmeakoien nest) orelIhat; (mslde body Without shell) sumor dye (hair) kul meakoi; (n) oai ten ahil eight outel, valo

eighteen tai dan outel, masa - E - ejaculate vulai each vasI el bow urilin, urilin tanesa; (joint) vatiurilin eagle ray asu, man6n eleven tai dan tai, soga ear araling, ralingen; (lobe) keiralingen; keleralingen; (hole) vuliralingen; elsewhere utesav, uhal (cauliflower) ralingka embarrassed memou early lah embrace (intr) kavoav; (tr) kay kati, kay earth oven avul koe earthquake alu, alumul emerge kis mal, kis tal ease off (of rain) rames emperor fish onghilhili; (kind) onghilhili koa ongon taveah, onghilhili. .. koa easy temae ongon tamure eat (tr) kani; (intr) kanian; (alive) kan empty hon moulini; (alone) kan mauni; (heartily) kanian hatetamen; (last of) kan empty-handed kaka hon soksokoni, rasoksokoni; (raw) kan meteni; (secretly) kanian lalau; (some of) kan empty-headed aheah rani; (well after sickness) kan kati; (without coconut milk) kan mesem; end (n) keite, keleite; (of story) (without being seen) kanian suai; romarom; (intr) mat (bush vegetables) musali; (something juicy) muni enemy tIme usa, vivieh eclipse veheas engine vatiteai, ensin edge ingIte, ngolIte, seite enough vinvin edible part aneite Epi Anes, LIman educated kile, kileile erect (of penis) keih, lau, tetu educationileilien erection 6tetu, 6tev

errand runner eiloh, eilohloh, eisisil 222 erupt muroh eyelash amimeten escape loh sai, va sai eyelid kahimeten essence alual establish lingi - F - estimate retoh face ana, nan, voinan Europeanmetaio, metalo, tanmalu faeces ata, tan; (left on anus after defecation) eternally lIses sokotan faint evening medTIah, kovanges meten malikelik, meten mualial fall (over) (from above) every vas! lapo; mot; (off) mot; (down) maru, merar:g; (all exactly netin, varei over) rivriv; (to the ground) mlta ht; (of tide) mes exaggerate rohoni false luvluv exchange (intr) kes; (tr) kesi famine amai excrement ata, tan; (of important fan (n) eilihlih person) ata matu exorcise (evil spirit) vilahil, vilehileng, fantail talel vilohiloh far soutin expect ro voteni fa re s!se expensive keih, marimane farewell sedulei, sidilei explain seWs meseni, vit meseni fart mus!, viavo, kur ton oreliato;

(silently) mus! visau, mus! pisu; . explode muroh _ (regularly) mus! malelet; (at) mUSlU extend armmutea fasten sare extinct vin lei, vungo fat (n) amur extinguish muasi fat (adj) rallo extract sakiri, sakit lati father itet, tata, tamen, ulmatu extraordinarily sesavon father-in-law avu eye amet, meten; (large) meteru; (bulging) metmalualu; (narrow) fatso vangeru metvopol fear (n) metauen; (tr) metauni eyeball orelimeten feast anien eyebrow amimeten 223 feather hilin finger heihen, kalihen, hen, hen tanesa; (index) kiskisvot; (middle) salauvul feed vengani fingernail hidihen, uithen fe el longe, raengoni; (with hands) rokoli; (like) tin tahos finish vus, vis; (completely) masisil; (of story) mat fell (tree) riirue fi re (n) ahang; (for men of high fellate muni, rimi status) hangolou; (of rifle) (intr) muroh, mapa fellowship lahruaien firefly vovoar, vopoar female(animal) atahas; (human) ahin fi replace vulihang fence veieh; (post) vativeieh; (in) ritil koe firestick (small) titiali fe rnl redan, tiredan firewood av; (half-burnt) vatihang fe rn (kind) kulit, ulit, medahoai, salire, fish ai, mesau; (flying) ieka; tuhtuh (poisonous) ietTsa; (kind) ahang, iehang, akal, mav, angile, kukiang, avi, be, hoav, fever an, anni iebui, iekelen, iemol, ietev, made, timadei, malesau, manon, namet, ouveav, paturel, few (males) telumali; (females) teluahin reretakul, sIn takul, sesal, sisiveien, sumavev, sumsum, siis, talel, tohavum, fiance(e) ahoi valval, vatihau, vativilvil fiddle with vikiti fishhook eitovak fidgetty riou fishing line vurong fifteen tai dan elim, petai fish poison tree hoav fifth elimeni five elim, limaga; (by five) elimalim fifty hanu mau elu hanu say halualim fix mum revl, mum vilai, mumoni, sak revI, sak vilai fight (n) hiien; (tr) mutT; (intr) mutit, sik; (battle) vu flaccidmat, matil fighter meatin takeih flag avouen

Fijian asparagus kovi flagon ulUl fi le vali flame meneite, meleite fill (up) sieni; (in fonn) sieni flaplavlav filth amus flash vii filthy maliatan flat teiok, vopa; (of land) aet, ahol; (of tyre) mahoi; (of head) ahos findvotIni, ka moti 224 flecks (in nails) siniai foot ahe, hen, hen tedan

flesh husi footprints hen, yen, vaila

flexible malumlum for mini

flickmu terengaini, redai forbidden lou

flicker viram, virahiram force keih kati, sak mini

flipper(for diving) hen taktak; (of forehead nan, heinan, metenan, heivatin turtle) avouen foresee lele float (intr) riiheah, muoHil, sesai; (tr) veiheilauni; (on) mavus kati fo reskin hilioa, hilion

flood viI koe fo reverlIses

flounder aek forget (intr) en vobong; (tr) en vobongoni, mudem toni flow muolol, sal forgetful evobong flowerhungeite; (of banana) asupoten; (of breadfruit) vatiahul; (intr) ling fo rk (in tree) mahosekeite; (intr) hungeite, mutilel vashasi elu

flute (bamboo) reasu forty hanu mau elu

fly (n) eang; (intr) muka fo ur ehat, hatuga; (by four) ehathat

flycatcher holholiveta fourteen tai dan ehat, peta

flying fox manon; (white) vares; fo urth ehatini (hanging) mantai fragrant moutut flying implement metavol frayed masise foal titan hos fresh (of water) kas foam kokohIte, sIkokohlte; (volcanic) sIkokohin vanei, vaneilau friend time, time tahos, tunali, tuen

fog taroh friendshi p lahruaien

fold lumi; (over) lum koe; (legs) vulini frighten va sileni

follow (intr) katau, kinkin; (tr) musili, frightened metau, ulin kan kinkin kati; (right behind) musil kati; (secretly) ravosili froth kokohIte, sIkokohlte

fo ntanelle hanhanoai frown nan lang, nan langis, nan langlangis

food anien; (poisoned by sorcery) fruit (n) heite; (ripe)meneite; (juicy) hengan; (shortage) amai oailu; (fallen to ground because chewed) tavungen; (intr) ling heite 225 fruit-fly nen, nenno girl atouli full viI, mukon, musising; (to the brim) girlfriend ahoi viI sesa, viI lau; (of stomach) laia, musa; (of moon) mu give sani; (back) sarisi, siikesi; (birth) vas, kur ehon; (birth, to litter) rang leini fungus (kind) ahing, avoi, ralingen asu glance musei fur (brown-coloured) kokol, tanimei gland (swollen, in groin) hinahin; fussy leka, vareng (swollen, in neck) utllau

glans penis vatin on, heivatin on - G - glare ran; (at) ran kati glasses metlualu gab kavul ongon glazed (of eyes) maro gall bladder measen glisten viI gap (in roof) vaneihat glow vilhili gamage tahul, tahulite glue apil garden ab, karen; (new season's) ahau gluggy (of rice) maloklok gate meteau gnash viilihoni gather (intr) lah ruai, ro vipil, va ruai; (tr) lah kati gnaw kat kirkiriti gathering lahruaien go va; (down) vIta; (up) vina; (over) ka lauI, liiuIni; (through) kisi, kisril; (down, gecko may; (kind) mavika of sw elling) maru generous ulhoshos go bad (of tuber) kol genninate vai, viteh, vitoh, vot,vohot, goat nani roha goatfish iemiel, tinehis, sisihoai gesture mukeni, mukamukeni gobble kan kekerati get (for free) kur maeini; (fright) ulin maleilei, musil; (up) mea; (up, after God Ahi falling) ravul; (ridof) rang lati good tahos, hos, moreite, mormoreite; giblets horaten (very) rousa; (luck) tahosien gift sanien goodbye more, more varei, ten kosas gill vativeasen; (external) hungaiel; gossipvathat rea, vilhilei (internal) heiai govern lekati gin ouamol, oai nut 226

grab savut group talHe; (small, of people) usimeatin grade (road) mukali groupervatumai; (kind) vatumai tahilhili, grandfatheravu, tomali, avu tomali, vatumai tamalikelik tevinali, tevin grow (of plant) moul, mmu; (of yam) grandmotheravu, tomahin, avu tomahin, rukul; (of coral/fungus on something tevinahin, tevin else) vai, vohoi; (at an angle) rei keke

granddaughter havin, havinahin grown-up (of people) routouai; (of male) meakoi grandson havin, havinali grub vutou granny knotauletau grumble sel kutut graspkid kati grunt mut, mutut; (of pig) raholung, grass munai, oumunai, kiras; (stinging) vangolingol alhoaho; (kind) serakil, tThe guessing game heivis grasshopperkur il, uril guffaw viteai roha, viteai sau grass seed hungemunai gully poal grate (food) vilei; (coconut) koi gulp rohi gratereihilhilei; (coconut) karkar gums voirangen grave tahi gush mukur graven image nana gut (n) tin; (tr) mutahtini gravyrite; (watery) oailu

great hog plum mal mal - H - greedy metenan

green memeasen, ouai, talauai; (of leaf) hack musahi; (to death) ravinl tarnetes, teamet hair ahil, hilin; (body) amIte; (anal) greet sedulei, sidilei ami tan; (head) hilin

grey-haired muoh hairline (receding) nato

grindvilei halfripe men vlsi

grindstone hatiti halfway luhi aev

groan kat vohvoh halo (around moon) voiout groundatan; (hot) mean, meiad, melat; hammer mutl (dug by pig) suen 227 hand ahe, hen, hen tanesa; (of bananas) heliconia ouha; (soft, for innennost teite layer of pudding) meteiol, meteouai, tiniol, tinue; (used, from pudding) handle apak, aroeite, eite; (of basket) tinianien, tinIte; (small) vatiouha; (kind) uen ouha hilhili, ouha talovu, ouha tan aman, ouha vuas hands on hipski s kat horan hell ahang handstring (figures) ahis, asen v ares , vatThis, vatin vares; (string) eitis hello more handwritingeitis, eis, tisien help (intr) kiitau, suvasuv; (tr) katauni, suv kati; (oneself) san hen hang mlli, mfuiir; (around with) musili, lah ruai; (on) rekeini, ralekeini; (out of helpful ulin hoshos way) sar lati; (out to dry) vohoiai, vohouai hen toahin, toletau happenkula here ekok happiness sIen henoit crnb ato, riou happy sI, tin sI, en kiis heron hirevu hardkeih hi biscus vai hard timesavong takeih hide (intr) ro suai, ro kus, kuskus; (tr) ling suiani, kur suaini hatch (egg) ravia, via highwater JDaI1< sisiatas, sisIte, hawk veivakum helhelaitas, helhelaite

haze taroh hill hai, hou, vatihou

he (in chasey) meten hip rill, vatihoran

head avat, vatin; (back of) touvatin; (of hit muasi; (of blow) kuvI, poni, rasil, so, bed) ulungen; (bald) vatito rovat; (by accident) vosa

headache vatmah hoe (n) ahou; (intr) kol; (tr) koli; (to top of garden) rasisil healed mah hoist lehei heap up soruaini hold kur kati, vuli kati; (breath) kur kat hear longe, raengoni; (snippets) raeng sehien; (canoe strnight) kahouti, ring kotehei; (about) raeng usili kati; (tightly) rali kati; (with hands) retalIni; (with split stick) raveni; (up) heart heihus suv kati

heaven out nesa hole avul, vulvul, vulIte, vae; (in wall) metakisril; (small round) meteriril heel vasehen holiday sehien; (intr) museh 228

holy votiit - I - hometeim idea redemien honeyeater hotil, vasir idiot voivatin hook out rovakini ignorant reingeing hoot kiiku, muku, muou; (at) kiiku kati ignore musileini, sileini hopkot, kotkot ill mesai hope mudeslni illness mesaien horny asen katiat imitate mum tetohoni hot mutin,mutilum In important heitamen, marIte house eim, eim houlu, eim tamatilien; (new) imhau impossible ras, sak ras

how mukave, mukekave; (many) ehis; impress vit kati (much) ehis, manesa impropertaus a howl mIs in eni, enout hug kay kati inappropriate vilahilas huge eilev incision (make) rah, rahtah hlDDmutut inconsiderate kar human being hanu incorrect kalkali, kekavel humid out meas incubator bird meau hunger amai, holau Indian mul beny oul hungryamai kati,amai muasi, holau guri indigenous horotan hunt lau individual (adj) heite hunicane angu inept tabos hurry ka lah, rou lah inexpensive mot, temae husbandason, meatin, ason koa toman inject rill husk (n) hinIte; (tr) kosemi, lenga; (with teeth) sesali infl amed viIi husking stick eih injured kur ara; (of eye) kis hut yah injury manu 229 inland ut - J - innards tin jacket eisin ten anni inner tube titan un Java cedareimie insect (swanning) nen, nenno; (�nd! jaw veasen, vativeasen kal, luon temat, luvluvlos meau, ohm, UtlVO, vaeng, vaimet, vovi, vovo jealous tin katiat insert (knife, into wall) sikani, sikaHiti jellyfish sesah inside en, neim jem musil, muti manin insipidmeremerau lei Jesus Iesu Kristo insist peak; (on) keih kati job umen instead mini join sesoni, sosorineni; (in weaving) (n) hid; (tr) vldi insufficient re joined sorin intelligent maluv joint (of body) vatte interioren joke (intr) rohtoh; (about) rohtohoni; intenuptkareni, puruni (n) tohtohien intestines tin journey sIse introduced onen metiilo juice rite, sIte invent mum siili jump vut, mudil, muli investiture mound hatihi just now netin iron (bar) eikot; (of clothes) momoilani just right kuh island out island cabbage atin; (kind) tinmen buluk tin-Nou, tinhilhili, tinmasise, - K - tinruv'ruvon, tinvangolngol, tinvelet kava maiou, vatimefu; (squeezings) tan, island walnut veave ten at as sokotan malou itch katiat keen utlte ivy oual keen-sighted kan

keep kur kati; (in mind) mudem kati; (watch) mule

keepsake ile 230

kick (tr) pusi; (intr) vupus ladderedmuti lurnlum,rili lurnlum

kidney heias, heininias ladle ramusi

kind vatte lake oai

kingfisher asi; (kind) siotemat Lamenu Island Uman havivi

kill muasi, miivinI; (with gun) ruv vinI; land (n) atan; (intr) rOdan; (heavily) (with spear) sal vinI; (with sorcery) vIta lit sak kati landslide mateh kindling nehiai language seliisien, laniis kindness tahosien large heitarnen, hatetarnen, mante, kiss miismiis marmante, mariso, marmariso; (of fruit) hoev kitchen yah lanikin arne, valeh knead muff larynx uikoko knee urilin, urilin tedan lash (poles) vitoa kneecap avati, uniavati, luheavati; (joint) vatiurilin last kor, tasikor, mul kor; (time) noeis

kneel retengeiril latch (tr) pIni, pIn kati

knife eau, masmas, naiv; (small) titiau, later on vaiti, vaitir ffnaiv; (for cutting breadfruit) eiuet; (bamboo) outahtah laugh viteai; (for no reason) viteai malelet knock mutHl; (down) rang lati; (over) sii leini, sii Iati laundry, do kaskas

knocked out meas lava ahang

knot (n) au; (tr) maesi lawnmower masin ten kiras

knotted memaes lay (egg) miimon orelIte, vasi; (mat) vosi

know kiIea (inside out) kile kati lazy avmah, taripeng, tarimah, sineal, aven mah, taripeng muasi knowledge ileilien lead mulamuneni; (by hand) retalini knowledgeable kiIe, kiIeile leaf ouai, oute; (dry at joint of bamboo) engeiven; (dry, banana) ouput; (unfurled) haredeite, rereite; - L - (young breadfruit) arom, husiveta; (around seed) kahin; (around sugarcane) okeateh; (around stem) ladder eihehe okeite, vahIte; (large, of cottonwood) 23 1 ouhaha; (to keep earth oven clean) limp kit, kitkit, rakit vunit lineup muteini, voleini leak simsim Iionfish hiUangis lean keke, laklak, malTIi, varangai, muarangai; (on) makus kati; (over) lip ingin, hiliongon mavus, rago; (back while sitting) ringai liquoroai, oai takeih leave likoveini, loh koveini, sokoveini, lingi listen raeng, san ralingen; (to) longe, raengoni left- hand mail little havivi, havipi, titIte, vorette, leftovermul ril vorvorette leg ahe, hen, hen tedan; (lower) alen live moul, r6, matil lens meten liver eaten leprosy vuring, vurvuroen lizardmay; (green) akai; (kind) neane, palengat, tipalengat let miiini; (up) metata, vati loaded lahlah letter ouput, veva; (of alphabet) heimeten lob kuvuni lick ramusi lobster oul, oul ten atas lid meten lock (n) 16k; (tr) kIni; (in) 10k koe; (up) ki kati, 16k kati lie luvos, liluvos; (to) luvosi, liluvosi locked 16k lie (down) matil; (on) mati 1 kati; (across) mul kot, r6 kot, rei kot; (on lockjaw katiloh circumcision wound) kahin kati lockup eim takeih life moulien log teiai, (rotten) vohvoh, vohlte life force alual loincloth saluvoi lift lati, voulati; (with lever) kui; (from underneath) suv lati long taveah, tavepeah, lapelah; (of hair) pat light (for cigarette, fire) ahang; (fire) (tr) muniti long time tueitin, rutu; (ago) mulamu, mulamun, tueitin light (in weight) melala; (in complexion) vilhili look lele, musei; (at) lesi; (at reflection) lele rum; (away) lele say; (after) lekati; lightning ahil, voulUl (all around) leleini; (back) lele tau, sei tau, rIto; (from side to side) lele like (tr) en vati; (prep) hit, ka, suvali konakon; (for) lekati; (around) seisei; (up) seivat limb (of body) ahe, hen 232 loosemakurakur, maluvaluv, maris, mainheitamen, huite maIiitu, masurasur, mavopoh; (skin) makutkut mainland out houlu

Lopevi Ulveah makemumoni, sakini; (pudding) kahiah; (arrow/spear) vitoa; (into pudding) lorikeet areng kahiti lose weight aven maris, aven maro, aven Malakula Lovu mot malaria anni, an lost ka ravobong, vuel, vuol Malay apple ahi; (kind) hielav, hiemaso, loud keih hieveak, hiematou, hievolat

loudmouth ongnsa malemeahos, toman

louse out; (hatched) utveta man arne; (young) ehon, litetai; (old) ulmatu; (unmanied) meakoi love magic masing mango mago; (kind) mago hon, mago low (in sky, of sun) malmal; (in Inglis, mago oreliato, mago Veriinis status) havivi, havipi mangrove atong; (swamp) eiatong lower (adj) dan, netan maniocmaniok, anien an vuas loya cane auvvan, auvi many houlu, hau, musav, teahui lukewann rema marble pI lullaby (sing) muleloni mark (tr) bobongi, makini; (grave) lump hatte riikati, mutiikati; (n) voneite, miik

lumpy visisu, visisu kur, vurvur maiXed kur miik

lunge solukuti marlinmesau koa sesal

lungs leatvohuvoh, maleles maniage tetalihen

lychee ara; (kind) ratoak, ravobong, ara marriedre talihe sen metii.lo, hafua, riihoev, ravro, raveta many kuri

Mats melan, hitu melan - M - masculine toman

mackerel kalil, kalil ten mesai, pustas mask eimas, siviro

Magellanic Clouds avul koa amiilasi massage kamusi maggot oul mast asil maiden voyage, make leleak masturbate mutl on, musl on 233

mat (coconut) arong; (coconut, kind) midrib (of coconut leaf) holeisil, rongmaeh, rongtoman, rongiva, selearong; holengeisil, sIn ousil (pandanus) siivon; (pandanus, kind) selesiivon midstream mesai mattedmemaes mikania weed pisialis, pesialis

mattress avet Merika miscount vuli toni

meal anien; (meal part) vusirei, vusen mishearlong kotehei meaninganeite miss kur toni; (of shot) muli; (while telling) vit rani meathor ovus, vusirei missing vuel, vuol medicate bobongi missionary mIs medicine (traditional) ouai mist tiiroh medium of devil lingling temat mistake (make) sak kalkali meet ro vipil, visu; (of eyes) vit mixed ro vivirilu meeting lahruaien moankat vohvoh meeting house amal modem times avong kosa megapode meau molarvatilohon Melanesian temalikelik mole moulien meltkur lei, muolol money ahat, mane membrane ulkahkah month avati; (next) avati hau memorial ile moonavati menstrual house valit moonlight maem menstruate ro eau, mesai more than n mention viteni; (point already settled) seWs kati morning visokon; (early) visongosa; (earliest) sokomanekoli; (first thing, message seliisien after being up all night) roran

messengereiloh, eilohloh, eisisil moss lumlum

method sIse mosquito anam; (larvae) vulavul

midday taviai mothvatiteka, rekau, madeka; (kind) metesa middle en, luhi, luhu, luhi aev mother itau, mama, latin, nana midnight metavinavong, tavinavong 234 mother-in-law avu, avut tomahin, narrow vutali tomahin, tevinahin native almondinga; (kind) inga atuva, motorvatiteai, ensin inga hoev, inga malik, inga usa mouldlikoh native cucumberrim, idu moum mudevu nauseous kokohu mourning, end of avati nautilusile, menmen mouse asu navel avit, viten mouth ango, ongon; (big) ongeru; (of near vesesal, vesesaii, sesali octopus) viten nearly vesesal, vesesali, sesali move (intr) mukai, kaikai; (house) kula; (away) lis neck hiren muchhoulu, hau, musav, teahui neck chain aavan muck around mumon vokovi necklace avan mucus rahin, rahivo; (vaginal) slvilen needle, bamboo eisls nultanmelmel needlefish anmaril muddy ran nephew meteilau muffled virhireng nervous metau, viram mullet anas nest anu, nunu; (without egg) nuhon; (small) numan, titiruman; (large) nuvuas; mumble mungas men (of sticks) vulang muscle husi; (under ann) hisuput; net ulUl (breast) hatesim new hau, heite hau; (moon)rahas mushroomavoi news longlongien myna bi nI sako next tau

nibble at kan merauni, kat kirkiriti - N - niece meteilau naked kaka hon night vongien name (n) eis, isen; (tr) lingi, sili nightfall out vong nape aluen ni ght-time out malikelik nappy tatuk nine ouhat, tega 235

nineteen tai dan ouhat, nabu octopus uIt; (kind) uIt roma

nipple aroesusu oesophagus uererem

nit mailes, utmailes off key varu

no vuo, vuol, vuel offspring titan

nodratiiia, ravat old (of person) matu, tematu; (of thing) heite matu, meteite, musIte; (of noise verien clothes) metetai

noisy ver, perel, veperel, vora, vopora, old person, very avi mavul parut on eni non-fluent ongon meas on time lah nose vulingasin once viira, viirai nostril vulingasin one ta, tiii, tiiga nothing vuo, vuol, vuel only keses now kosa ooze makis nowadays avong kosa open (of door/building) mutah; (of nowhere vuo, vuol, vuel mouth) mang; (of eyes) mule, marer; (of hand) mute; (tr) seha; (book) leng nude kiikahon lati, vue, vue lati; (up) seh lati; (coconut) rivasi numb vul opening (of bag/bottle) ongon numeroushoulu, hau, musav, teahui operate rah, rahtah nut horatte; (soggy) asu, susu; (double) maeh, vopon operculum meten

opinion redemien, ren - 0 - oppose mum tetovoai orange amol; (bitter) arnol lisa, moltIsa oar vatihos ornermeng kati obedience longkatien originvatte obedient eimai orphan timaru obeylong kati, raeng kati, long selusien other sav, savsav obscure va koe outlast r6 lati obvious mese 236 outriggerasem; (peg) heilak; (pole) papayaahi, sen ahi, sedero, veta sen ahi, eilohten vovo outside hae, toun; (fenced area) park (tr) lingi touveieh parrotfish iemeas oven stone, hot hathilhili part (tr) kavuli; (hair) kom vasi overeat mutahi party alei, lapet overgrown mUlu, par pass muli, loh II, soli overhearlong Hilauni passage (through reef) eihoi, eihoi hos, overripe (of banana) salulei meteihoi, pasis overturnrang riduni pat kovaovasi; (down soil) rokol kati ovelWork mum vinI patch (net) sesar koe owl voiasu path sIse

pattern (in weaving) rIveta, selaila, seleruvon - p - pawpaw ahi, sen ahi, sedero, veta sen ahi, vovo Paama Voum; (north) out nesa; (south) out netan pay (n) hulien; (tr) vuli; (for) vuli; (attention to) longe, raengoni; (back Paamese (person) me-V oum; death) rImeten, rIkes meten (language) lanus peace tomat pack (down, with pole) sali, sal kati; (clothes) sieni peaceful malonglong paddle (intr) valis; (tr) valiseni; (n) peck rei vatihos pectoral fin hingen paganout malikelik pee oneselfme ramobong, meme pain mahien ramobong painful mah peel (intr) mUl, mekah; (tr) vuti pair (of males) (of fe males) lumali; peep lele kisril luahin pen eitis, pen; (marldng) mak palm (of hand) tinehen pencil eitis, pen pandanus (kind) heih, hope pendulous lapelah pant museh vinI, sehaseh penisoa, on, ai, hopu, maripu, asen, marIven, tivirit; (large) oru, aseru; 237

(swollen) atev, asetev; (accidentally pinwheel eikarali exposed) ruruvek; (sheath) tatuk, tinivusen; (base) vatian piquant katiat

Pentecost person akai pinch kidi, kiniti perfume tree areng pitch black maliatan perlta� nahi, nahera, vahera, vahesa pitch damness manekoli pennit maini pith (of tree fe rn) tin; (of sprouting coconut) ahai, tin; (of breadfruit) persistent mul konakon, unu, usus vatiahul personhanu, hanoali, meatin; (mortal) pity en mahisi meatin hos; (original) vatimeatin; (arrogant) vatitavi; (skinny) voikou place out; (dangerous) uttIsa, out tIsa; (safe) utehos; (boring) utemes, voimes; perspiration avetin, mad, toeiven (new) utehau; (with only animals) out redan; (with no animals or people) out perspire avetin kuri, mad kuri volvol, tanvolvol; (resting, along path) uteral; (stony) vatIhat; (with magical phlegm suvo associations) vulimasing; (forbidden) vulitIsa pick (fruit)kame; (breadfruit) rahei; (bush vegetables) kiniti; (stem from placenta suvon mon ehon fruit) resi; (fruit with pole) koi, koini; (at food) kid kirkiriti; (teeth) sIlih, sHoh plain hon

pick up kulati, lahi, lah Hiti; (child) vousi plait viii

piece hatte; (small) nehIte; (large) plant (kind) ali, anel, eau, au, baHisousou, mavulIte, your; (broken) masokeite, volasousou, huso, inurn, leilei, luvluvos tavisengeite; (short) tupeite asu, makmak, malmal, masingsing, molemolesiasi, ouvul, ouvul okohis, ouvul pierced metai merau, ouvul tahilhili, ouvul taoh, heilah, heilah takan, tetes, vativaneihat, veau piercing ritil plant (tr) luhi; (intr) luhluh pig vuas; (white) mahiteli, timahit; (hennaphrodite) ating plantar wartahon

pigeon uIv, uIva play roun, retoun; (football) pus val

piglet tIvuas pleased tin sI

pillow oulung, pHo plectrum pUc

pimple metat; (headless) avkeih Pleiades metuktuk

pincer (of crab) kalihen pliable malumlum

pinch kiniti, kidi plop mUlasi

pinnacle vatiahat 238 pluck (guitar string) kiniti; (feather) pray vIs, pire vuti prayerhisien plug up poh koe praying mantis uviiv pod okeite precede (intr) mulamun; (tr) poinciana panoar mulamuneni point (of land) ngasIte; (of view) usIte; pre-Christian out malikelik (to) rie preen riHahil poisonwood oulas pregnant vange, meas poke kisi; (fingers through) kiskis prepare (intr) mese, sak mese; (tr) pole (bamboo) eikoi; (hooked) eitovak lohoni, lohoialoni, sak meseni, valohoni policeman eimas present sanien pool metarumrum; (left on beach at press mutakati, rakati; (around seed) kis low tide) tasiout kati poorliver i pretend luvos, liluvos, luvluv, sak luvos poppa previously noeis porcupine fish mudas koa SIn houlu, price mane mudas koa sIn mulien prickrill; (up ears) ral lat ralingen porK vuas prickle sIn; (on bamboo) sineiven port side asem prison eim takeih post (tr) sani prohibitsak koe, vit koe post (n)vatte, vatipos, hatUr, vatihatiir, vatiseng promiscuous holaso potable makaikai promise hatkatien pound (kava) sali prop up ring kati pourmutahi, rangi propel valiseni powder avong properkati, mal, revI, vilai powerkeihien protect kur koe, ring koe; (with magic) sak kati, sak koe powerful heitamen, hatetamen, keih proud kereini, viiti,marev praise masi, masmasi prove kul anatineni prawn oul prowmeten ai, vatin

I 239 pu�ic hair (female) amivilen; (male) quiver kuliil, maleilei aIDlon public mesai - R - pubJicise vit leini

rabbitfish pIko pud�ng aek; (yam) aek ouh; (banana) okohlS; (plain) okomes; (with coconut race (n) lohien, lohlohien milk) okoras

radioeisel, eisesel, ratio puddle oai rumrum

raft tanvat pudgy vupu

�n (n) ous, us; (sweeping) useloh; puff museh vinI, sehaseh , (mtemuttent) userav, usesin; (torrential) tanoa, tanoa rumrum' pufferlish ruruvek, mudas (falling in unsheltered place)' usmesai; (intr) miis; (with sun pull (tr) lehei; (intr) lehleh; (out) leh breaking through clouds) rohatoha, lati, sakiti, sakit lati; (back tree to set rohatoha maem; (on) miisaini spring trap) lelahe; (vine to break) Ii; (off-course) silati, soritIni rainbow mietiet pumice hungola, vula, tan ahu raindrop heitil pumpkin vamukin; (edible leaves) raise lati; (child) miitiiti, samoneni ouvamukin

rake fire kolasi, kolas leini plBlChmutI, mutemi

ratasu punctured mahoi

rather neli pupil (in eye) tIvava

rattlekuliiluni, sakuliiluni pus siivo

rave seWs ravobong pushrioni; (over) sii lati, sii leini

raw metes pussy muasovon

reach (summit) rangosa; (destination) �ut li l i; �tog�ther) kapiluni; (aside) ! & rokoli hng ndingl; (lId �n) poh koe; (inside) , . Slem; (to sea) som, solati read lesi

readymese, rere, sak mese

- Q - real anatin, kati quake kuliil, miil realise kile saseneni quickly lah, Ulah rear (animal) vengani quiet malonglong, ro mat, ro raeng rebound rahut 240 recall mudem kilea, mudem silati reply kudis selusien, sakes selUsien recoil mutai reserve (newly born child for son's wife) sale koe recognise long kilea, raeng kilea, lekilea, mus kilea residence eim houlu, eim tamatilien, tOen reconstruct mum revI, mum vilai respect lu, voho recordmutis kati, mutis lati, makini resemble suvali recovermoul rest museh; (head) mUlung; (head on) mUlungeni, mUlung kati redtahilhili, vilhili retract (foreskin) musI on, musi reddish vilhili vIsi motaini; (of testicles, from cold) asen mun reef amai return (intr) muris, ris; (tr) sakesi, sarisi reef knot automan reveal vit leini reflection ninIven revert to bush matu refuse mutUti, seseini reward uIte reheat (leftovers) vatini rheumatism Ius release likoveini, loh koveini, sokoveini, luvati, luv lati ribkoun remains sokoite riceheirou, heirerou remember(in tr) en mese; (tr) en meseni, rich sal; (of soil) man kilekati, mudem kati, mudem kilea, mudem sali; (every single one) rapIsi riddle (n) tatavolien; (tell) ratavol remind selus meseni ridge capping taluh remoravalevol koa retemal rifle ahis remove kulati, voulati, lah lati, lah leini; righthand matu (firewood from fi re) kolasi, kolas leini, leh leini; (covering) lah motaini; (stem rimingIte from large leaf) pasela; (food from earth oven) viti ring (in marbles) na reopen (of wound) salit ringwonn ahis repairmumoni, mum revI, mum vilai rinse (mouth) mungongomi repay vul kesi riotkumkurnien replace kesi, kudisi, kur vulin; (parents) rip(apart ) mungali; (open) mungal lati; raleha (in two) mungal vasi, se vasi 241 ripemen; (very) makis, men vilai, musuh row (canoe) valis, valiseni ripen (on tree) men lei; (off tree) row (intr) sik, musel, vai; (n) sikien, muluhaini; (of first fruit of season) tungen men motaini, tematu; (early) menmen rub vilei, vilhilei rise (of sun) ma, mea, roha, rangosa; (of tide) mii rubbish tahul, tahullte; (in garden) menehis riveroai, oai houlu rudder seman riverbank ingioai rudderfish akuk road sIse rude kar roast (meat) lengasi, lelengas; (vegetable food) rini, sinahang rudeness karien robbery henaen ruin kareni, puriini rock ahat; (smooth) hatules, moumou; rumble (of stomach) en musel, yangon (black) vaneihat; (kind) ahat sen may mukur; (of volcano) munglngi roe sumor rumoursousou roll reini, reitei; (of vessel) raku, ratai run muloh; (away) loh sai; (of tide) lehleh; (after) kole, miitiitkati; (over) loh roofhoim, hoite; (beams) eisei, eito, peat, kati, veasi; (aground) ro; (towards) holase, holase ten uriov, kalivav, vatitemat; vltuv kari (post) hatiir, vatihatiir, hatiir toman, hatiir atau rustle maes, memaes roost musa roostertotoman, tOmeahos; (firstto - S - crow in the morning) totIsa sack paik; (large) paik onen kavman rootlIte sack (at work) soni rope voiau, viau; (for tethering animal) uehili safe hos rosewood sumoi sago takul; (leaf) outakul rot vo sail ala rotten (of cloth/wood) mad; (of food) sailfish mesau koa muka vo saliva kokohin, sIkokohin, sIkokohlven, rough visisu, visisu kur, vurvur kokohlven, riven roughshod rotomokou salt atas round vii,vupu saltwater atas 242 salty kon screammIs kai same vatte tiis, vinvin screw up kiles kati sand veien; (sticky, found below scribble on mutis kirkiriti topsoil) tanovau sea atas; (calm) atas vipilit, tasvipilit, sandstone hathilhili tasimat, tasmeredas, tasioh; (calm patch) tomatoh; (clear) tasmeredal; (deep) anev, sap rite, toeite, toeai; (dry of breadfruit) huinev, angol, ngoliamai, ngolngoliamai; apil (open) mesai, mesai uai, mesai vue!, mesai vupuel; (outside reef) ngolIte, saplingholeise, holeite, holengeise, ngolngolIte, ngoliamai, ngolngoliamai; holengeite, holhilite (spray) tasiliatas satiated kan vinI sea almond hoai saucepan voiteai, sosipen seabed voteinev sawdust nehIai, tan, sumeite seabirdaman ten atas, mantedas say vit, viteni; (amen) kul amen; (no) sea creature (kind) hungarilu, hiliveta, seseini; (yes) maini meraninum, serakil, sesahiat, silihai, tahul, vatiheiei, vet, vieimiel scab engemanu seagull oh scabies amuker, keraker sea hearse tree virvir scald rini sea lice sungematou scale (of fish) engeite, engeiven, nehIven, sineiven; (tr) sisili sea-slug voilu, vuasilo; (kind) vilenga tomoru scar vonemanu; (burnt on skin) vepe sea-snake tousal, talimot scarce mul ratai sea urchin (kind) asal, sal eimas scarecrow sireng seat (in canoe) tan, tot scatterrasilIni, rivi rasilIni, rivIni seaward das scoop (out) kai, kaini; (copra) (tr) koti, vusi; (intr) kotiot, vusvus seaweed lihlih, lumlurn scorpion eikoi onen maso second elueni scorpionfish ueneh see lesi; (in distance) lelati, losil scrape (cooked tuber) koi; (out) koi seed utIte; (of breadfruit) oha lati; (outside surface) rasras, sili, sisili; (inside of banana skin) suhi, suh lati self sasen scratch mukali, museini; (ground, for selfish metenan food) sease sell salemeni 243 semen s16n, oai sheath (knife) sikani send sarti; (back) sarisi; (on errand) she-oak eai sila, sisileni; (message) san seliisien, sisileni shed skin miil senility tematGen shelf avet sentence seliisien shell voite; (of squid) ok onen uft aeh; (of coconut) vakora; (of native separate (intr) keka, rasil; (tr) kur almond) voinga; (tr) (egg) vuti rasilIni, lab rnsilini shellfish mesalo, voimesalo; (edi ble serrated masise part) uniavati; (kind) abang, atabas, atu, heial, hei takon, hungela, huso, ise, seikon, serve (food) vusi lilivu, vaik, lilivu takeih, loholu, metakon, metamolas, mewen, ouvus, romul, senevi, set (of sun) munG; (fire to) muniti sesel, sikalu, tavolaias, toman, tomoro, tovat, vatfl, vatiolevis, vielav, vitilah,voih, settle (time) rei avong; (dispute) sak voisu, votelu kotehei, sak leini; (dispute and drag it out again) sak lati shelter rekou seven oulu, Uti shift (closer) lisalis; (further away) seva seventeen tai dan oulu, uerie shin asi ten av, haroma sexual tahanien shine vilhili; (torch) musil; (with sew rill narrow beam) lah pil; (with wide beam) rasil shadenf mal, nfnout shiny keken, lelan, muangoang, muoh shadow ninin, ninfven ship ok shake kuliiluni, kuvfni, silkuliiluni; (head) kailialIni, kuvi alialIni, karalIni; shirt eisin (hair/feathers) mutilihil, ritilihil shiver annivul kati, maleilei shallow mahinhin shoe eiheas, siis shapechangervavok shoot (intr) van; (tr) ruva; (arrow in share rltf same direction to find lost arrow) kukuluaveni, van usuli shark valevol, vatvopa, silk; (controlled by person) ok onen val, tfmevai shooting starhitu merah, hitu mot sharp kart shore aiou, eau; (rocky) meteihat; (with smooth rocks) veihat sharpen vali short tamure; (person) vatileite shaq>ening stone eihahal, eihehal short cut (take) mual kotehei shavings sumeite 244 short-temperedtin keih, vUroh malelet sink mad, madu, marid; (into mud) ve marid shoulder vatisln sir asuv, heitamen shout vis, san ren; (for joy) makul; (at) sel kati; (in anger) vul sissy ahin, atau shove away rang Hiti sister (of male) ahinali; (of female) tuak, mnahin show riene sister-in-law uan, mase show-off kereini, vuti, ralingen muka, ralingka, vatitovi sit rotan, rooan; (on folded legs) munI; (with testicles showing) makis, ro kisi; shower mukul (on canoe) musa; (on eggs) ravo; (on) ro kati; (apart) ro keka; (in unrelaxed shredral vahasi manner) ro knau; (with legs apart) ro lei; (forward in canoe) romu shredded mahoihoi six ahitai, kuana shrimp (freshwater) oul, oul ten oai, rad sixteen tai dan ahitai, vimoma shut koteh; (in) koteh koe; (up) (int) kover sixty hanu mau etel shy memou skilled meteisau sick mesai; (of) aven mah, en miih skin hilIte, hiliven; (on breadfruit seed) engeoha; (dry) engeite, engeiven; (scaly sickness mesaien on baby's scalp) engeoha; (disease) masing heat; (tr) miili,mungoli side usHe, valHe; (of body) koun, uslven; (other) nusH, usH, toveite, toveise, usHe, skink havurikiii, vikal, havura vikal tav skinny mukou, slkut sign metai skull voivatin, voitas silkwood anat; (kind) natholela, natvaik, nathis sky teilang, (cloudless) tinevaneihat silver keken slack mavopoh silver scad iekon slap kovasi, kovas kati sin (intr) mumon tfsaen, sak tfsa; (n) sleep matil; (early) matil lah; (dead to tfsaen, sakientatisa the world) matil ravobong; (soundly) matil sai, mati! sau, matil kat ralingen; (in sing musou; (last hymn) musou kor eye) (n) metave, metrahi singe lengasi sleepiness metalong singing, traditional lelelau sleeping place yen, vulin single (one) heite sleep-talk seWs ravobong 245

sleepwalk mea ravobong snap mavul

sleepy meten mulong snappermethatetarnen, vuas

sleeve hen sneak sileh; (up on) solukuti

slice rehei sneeze suvun

slide muso, seso sniff pis rah

slime lumlum snore vangos

slip muso, seso; (on one leg) ve sau; snortmut, mutiit (out) maIds; (of land) lah snotrahin, rahivo slipperymuto sob leh kou, muai slit-gong eau soft merau, memerau, merarnerau; (of slope, gentle aleal food) makoako, vehet; (of new leaf) rovrovono slouch ro keke soggy (of ovenipe fruit) suvo slow roun, retoun soil atan; (sandy) suai; (red) tanhilhili; slug viletahet (dark) tanmalik

sluq> rohi sole (of foot) tinehen, tinealen, votehen

slut holaso some koan, tei, hay

smallhavivi, havipi, titlte, vorette, someone teta, tetai; (else) mesav vorvorette somewhat neli smash mutl somewhere nout smegma matou, sumematou son natnali, natin, tltiin smell (n) vIle; (of food) sousou; (tr) musi; (intr) vo son-in-law havinali

smelly va, maimaio song souen

smile lohon kis, viteai kis soot voneas

smoke (n) eas; (billowing) mahuite; sorceryeimas; (kind) masing vatisiel, (volcanic) miihuivanei; (intr) rupan masukur

smoky rupan, rupas, vltuv sore (b) manu; (on head) akol; (kind) vepe ahat; (adj) miih smootbe muto; (ground) momoilani sorrow demkoen, devuen smoulderkan merau sony tin mIs, mudem va, mudem ko, snake arnot, tetal mudevu; (for) en miihisi, tin miihisi l 246 soul ninin splutter vishis sour kon spoil kareni, puriini souvenir ile spot milk sow atahas spotted kur milk space aho, out sprainvilesi spruKahang spray (n) tasilHe: (intr) vulahulai speak seliis, murek; (deleriously) seliis spread voleini; (of butter) muasi; (of ravobong; (abruptly) vit kotehei rumour) muloh; (of fire) rekou spear metas; (single-pointed) aneratiii, spreadeagled makus kati hongratai; (double-pointed) honglualu; (triple-pointed) hongretel; (quadruple spring (n) oai pointed) honghathat; (multiple pointed) vatIhong; (tr) sali spring (back, of something hit) rapus; (up, of wind) simal, sital speargun ahis ten atas sproutroha; (from trunk) sisili spectacles metlualu spur (of rooster) pusin speech seliisien sputum tiven spell (evil) mae spy on leliilauni spider valia squabble visa spike sIn squat sali spill muolal squeal makul spin (intr) karali reilTI; (tr) karaHni, reilTIini; (web) sesar, musesar squeeze kumi; (lice) rei spine sIn ten eisilin squint vopol spirit ninin; (evil) eimas; (kind) eimas squirt mela vatisiel stale mem spit (intr) mutiv; (from back of throat) kuseha; (n) tiven stall mat splash kur rasillni, vosa, vuras stamp down ve kati spleen avoi stand (intr) mul mal, romal; (either side of) kahin kati; (apart) ling vasi; split (intr) maseh, masiv; (tr) siva, vasi; (up) mea; (on) ro kati; (at angle) ro (with axe) ravasi; (along middle) siv velavel; (upright, stuck in ground) vasi; (pandanus leaf, for weaving) rovat; (to see at sea) mutil; (straight, sei, se vasi, sesei of hair) retavul; (in silence) sesel mato; (tr) vati, vat lati 247

staple anien stiff (of muscles) maimai

starhitu; (evening) maso, hitu maso; still yeah (morning) melan, hitu melan; (particular) ason avati still of the night tavinavong tahos, metavinavong tahos starboard iUah sting (tr) kati; (of eyes) kon; (of stare lOsil; (at) 16sil kati, losili, malualu sore, from medicine) mulat kati stingray ahai starfishmeteai ten atas; (kind) ngongom husi, ulungahon stinkvo, maimaio start (tr) sak rohoni; (n) vatte stirkarallni statement seliisien stockwhip on buluk, oulas static (on radio) eang stocky metahon statue nana stomach heivangvang; (ache) vangmah stay mul, ro stomp rarum steady mae stone (n) ahat; (tr) kove; (to death) kov vim steal (intr) vena; (tr) venani stonefish vatineh stealing henaen stop vati; (of rain) musin steam sou sou stoppermeten steep muso, vati mal story tiinien, seliisien steer (canoe) ro tau straightmal stem (of leaf) eisakHe; (of sago frond) ikul; (of coconut frond) teipah straighten mai; (back) mutea, rangeah step (intr) ve; (ashore) ve ut; (on) ve strange tesav kati; (over) laulni; (n) eihehe strangely sesavon stick (n) iii; (to dislodge fruit) ouv strangermeatin ten atas stick (intr) leh kat; (to) piliti, remali; (fast to) kapil kati, pil kati, pilit kati, strap atoh, atuh mavusi; (into ground) kiInini, voseini; (out) muduaini, muluaini; (together in strength keihien group) ka viI stretch (legs) vitea stickyleh kat, vipil, vipilit, retemal; (of food) maloklok string (n) viau, voiau: (tr) (bow) viti stickybeak amet stroke kamusi 248 stroll mual tetoun, retoun surf (intr) vous atas; (n) ruaru strong keih; (person) avkeih surface (flat) tineite; (of sea) veihae; (from dive) rahungola, rangosa strong-willed tin merau surge mukur struggle leh kou surgeonfish iemalik, kari stub vatileite surprised en von, musil stub foot musavoi surreptitiously lalau stuck leh kat; (in hole) vas vuras; (on way down) ve surround ka koe, ka rahit koe stuff (tr) musinglni suspended miir, miiriir stumble musavoi swallow (n) holela stumpvatileite swallow (tr) rerni; (without chewing) rem mauni stutter ameng, mengmeng, men tamure swamp (tr) kov rahini succeed katau swap kes, kesi suck siisu; (on) siisiini; (through straw/stem) rimi; (on water and spit swann over va koe out again) simi swear vuthut, musisil; (at) vuti sucker (of octopus) heiali sweat (n) avetin, mad, toeiven; (intr) suffe ring mahien avetin kuri, mad kuri sugar ateh sweep (intr) muteas; (tr) muteasi; (hot coals) mutavolasi sugarcane ateh; (node) merkavil; (chewed) sumeateh, sumeite; (kind) sweet kas; (of fruit) man likok, voinga, ateh mon aia, haso, haso malik, haso metapot, haso Santo, tehi sweet potato kumal; (sliced) sahsah, Santo, marion me-Tahi, marlven me-Tahi, sahsah kumal; (kind) adaku, eiv, kari, hasu, hasu mon tematu, hasviles, hen oul, kumal vamukin, marata, marianas, rinu, saisaika, vieklii,sisil, tehInga, voinga, savito, sion, tebeko tomorin sweet-smelling moutut suitable vinvin swell (on sea) heimat; (slight) summonkalehei ; (bird) miitiituni; (pig) langlango vipi swell up mutev sun meteai swim (in one place) mukul; (to sunshine eai destination) mue; (backstroke) pill support suv kati, vati swing rlikiik, rlikurur, mutlikuriir; (around) seini 249 switch off kid vinI, kur vinI tear (tr) rali, reini; (out) ral lati; (apart) reI leini; (in two) ral vasi swollen mutev tears sImeten swordfish avum tease kilkiluvosi

tell viteni; (off) sel mini - T - temple vIvin

Tahitian chestnut eas; (ripe) meneas; ten halualim, luri as-Tevaliout, asehos, aselet, asera, (kind) . asheisil, ashoev, asmobong, asout, astovuli, tendon hou koa marIte asvaleh, asvoali, asvangolingol tendril ralingen tail asupoten, avuken, vatiken, ken; (of rooster) mauen tentacle hen takekuri; (apart) miileini; (back) kudisi; tenth koan halualim (out) lah lari, lah leini; (off clothes) kulari, silari; (off trouse�) ve lari; (with territory atan right hand) kur matiini; (with left . hand) kur mailini; (whole) kur maum; testicleor eli6n, oreliasen, heiasen, (surreptitiously) kur lalauni; orelihopu (photograph) kuri, lahi; (apart) vouleini thank masi, masmasi; (you) hihuri, talk seWs, murek; (out issue) seWs lati; namasmasuk (about) seliisini thatch eisIs; (sago) outakul tall taveah, lapelah theft henaen tamanu tree voul; (kind) voul niit there keisom tangledvital thick mate tel Tannese aun thicket eite, neite tap veraver thigh horan taro taro; (kind) taro hili thin mahinhin, mukou, sIkut task umen thing tounah tassles aruaru, ramuleite think muredem, redem; (about) kan vIsi taste muredemi, mudemi, redemi; (of) redem silati tasty kas, man third eteluni tattoo (n) mak; (tr) mutI mak thi�t maroro teaoai tatin thi�ty maroro kati teach vIsei, vIseini 250 thirteentili dan etel, beruai tiptoe makot thirty hanu say halualim tired(of) aven mah, en mah; (muscle) maimai thorn sIn to eni, enout thought redemien tobacco tan vuas, tovak threadwonnhThi today kosa three etel, teluga toddle kaka throathiren toe heihen, kalihen, hen, hen tedan; (little) throbkinakin havorakIki; (middle) salauvul throw (intr) kov; (tr) soni, lIsi; (away) toenail hidihen, utihen koveni; (upwards) kuvuni; (down) reini, rivIni; (at group of things) seiluveni together out tai, visa, ruai thrust sokati toilet kapine, kolosis thumb hasuaev, vasuaev tomorrow visuvong thundervouliil tongs eitavie

Thursday avong ehat tongue arne, men thus mukok too ramat tickle kirkirisi tooth aloh, lohon tide amat; (low) matmes; (high) matu toothache lohmah tie pare, par kati; (together) par top hoite, romeite; (of garden) ulungoite, sosorineni; (to prevent yifra ng) maes ulungout kati; (knots) parpar, vepar; (noose) viele; (coconuts) vItaini torch eisil, tos; (with flat battery) vatIhang tight katkat tom mahoi tilt malIli, rago totter mul laklak, ro laklak time avong touch rokoli tinea alkatiat; (versicolor) vokavok; (of crotch) vulihesihes, histIsa tough keih tiny havivi kai; (of living things) towards venout tImehit,titimehit town dan, netan tip (n) keite, keleite, romarom traces sokoite, voneite tip (intr) kuv, vusai; (tr) kuv vilesi, kuv leini, rangi, vui, vui lati, vusaini tracks hen, yen, vaila 25 1 tradition eimatu, neimatu tripping stick eitapolis transferkiini trochus ai transgress sak kalkali troubled tin mIs transparentmeredal truck leto, kamiong trap (for birds, flying fox) ahoung; true anatin (for wild chickens) akor; (for rats) sakat truly varei travel ka; (on foot) ka ut; (overland) trumpet-fish outeh ka ut; (to live on another island) musa trunk (of tree) vatte, tavoite; (central, tread (tr) yeas kokoa growing straight up) asil; (of body) levin, marIven treat (patient) muasi, sak mini trust kul anatineni tree ai, vatte, vatiai; (leafless) angoisil; (newly sprouted) silIte; (young) truthanatinien tupeite; (kind) ai sen vaeng, aial, alak, alas, lelas, lelas inga, leias vangeru, aram, avong, try sak vIsi; (hard) leh kou arem, asou, ato, idou, douvu, ea, ehaeh, ehaeh ahis, ehaeh sen talel, eimum, had, tubby vupu han, hadel, heipe, heisu, hinu, hinu vau, hishis, ida, reda, ipi, vipi, ida, reda, ipi, vipi, Tuesday avong elu kokohiloholu, lohloh, nuenu, ohus, olevis, ora, malIsav, mamoli, manman, mangirel, tuneless varu marmar, marong, masila, meilah, melal, melmeli, melmeli voueh, merai, merai turbidran malik, meru malik, metai, molau, ouvul eih, pait, raho, raho tileY, rerali, roma, saleaili, tum (tr) kilesi, vilesi; (off tap) kiles kati; save, sesel, soumalik, taev, tanibur, tivon, (on tap) kiles Iati; (right round) kali, tivon malik, tivonvon, tuhau, tOY, uah, kalkali ulipelesia, vilou, vangev, veak, vilu, vilvil, vulerum turtle ahu; (kind) huelauveta tree fe rn hulu, votohulu; (edible leaf) twelve tai dan elu, berua tohulu twenty hanu mau, sogai tremblekulUl, maleilei twice valu tremendous ahang, meten twin apple heisil trick (n) luvosien; (tr) luvosi, liluvosi, sel luvosi; (intr) luvos, liluvos, sak luvos twinkle viram, virahiram trickle sal twins maeh triggerlish hilIrou, kulIdou, loholu twirl karali, karallni trip (n) sIse twist kilesi tri p (intr) ve to two elu; (by two) elualu 252 typemiik, vatte unreal luvluv

unripe teavis; (of banana) muto - u - unscrew kiles lati unskilled tavin unable ras, rasi, sak ras; (to eat) kan koseini unstick (tr) leng lati; (intr) mekah uncircumcised mung unsuitable vilahilas uncivilised tout unsweet mae uncle (maternal) avov, matuen untainted man unconscious en von, meas, meten viles until rokoli, vo, vio uncooked metes; (in middle) en muroh; unweaned siisu (of tuber) varvarit unwrapvue, vue lati uncultured tout upper nesa; (side) hoite undercooked viIi upright mul mal underneath he hen uproot (grass) moli; (tree) rue, rue lati, underside toun rue leini underwateranev, mad, madu, marid . . upset (stomach) en vilhiles; _ (emotionally) tin mIs; (tr) karem, purum undokiles Hiti, luv lati urethral opening meme; (male) meten undone mat, matat on, valenge6n unfitmelang, vilahilas urinate me, meme, mutah oai; (on) measi unfold lum lati; (pudding leaves) vue urine men, sImen unhook silati useless heisav unicorn fish navu uterus hash as unimportantheisav utterance seliisien unkemptpat unload kouni, kou lati, rivlni - V - unlock kI lati vagina avil, vilen, 1010, pepe, votelu; unpeel leng lati (large) vileru; (stinking) vilevo; (swollen) viletev unpopulated malonglong, volvol valueless heisav 253 vegetable sesan; (kind) mabor, umos, walk kaka, mual, kur out; (while vulih, vulih malik looking) ka lele; (with feet finnly on ground) ka lev, mual lev; (in middle) ka vein hou, haiue luhu; (without being seen) ka suai; (without being heard) mual lalau; (in Venus maso, hitu maso search of) mual lekati; (around) mual rahiti; (backwards) mual tIto; very varei (carefully) mual vei; (at full pace) mual vulavul; (with walking vibrate ravat stick/crutches) musal; (with bad leg off ground) sakir victory ipu walking stick eikot, eisal victory leaf ouali wall vukou; (side) peis, pis; (back) village meteimal, heimal toupeis; (short) uriov, uriov toman, uriov atau vineau, tehite, tukulIte, viau, voiau, vieite; (kind) atahe, atoh, atuh, au ten ani, Wallisian akuk aumalou, auto, avan, haremarem, havekavek, heilah, heilah hlluav, heilah wander retoun lahataso, heilah takon, heilah toman, hovorasu, hovorasuak, imel, memel, kaIili, want en vati kilIsu, mai, matel, mean,meluv, natahe, parer, retal, romalmal, vakiki, vange, war rea vilekare wann mutin, mutilumIn visit rapIsi, saueni wann oneself mutai voice ren warnralI volcano vanei waniormeatin takeih vomit mulii wart heipus vomitus luon wash kasi; (face) kas meten; (head) kas nan; (hands) kasihe; (off) kuli leini - w - wash (of vessel) taheite waste tahullte waft raho water oai; (fresh) oai niit; (brackish) wages hulien oailau; (iced) oai tamadil; (flowing) oailoh; (forbidden) oailu; (in forK in wail murang tree)rumIte wailing tangien water taro viek; (kind) viek hos

wait ro lele; (for) ro leleni, ro kokeni, ro watennelon melen, pastek; (kind) kari sIni wattle mali wake up mule 254 wave (tr) kuvlni; (magic) nohnoh, weird tesav munohoni; (flies) vilahil well vuluai, vulioai wave (n) tahe; (breaking) roaru; (breaking at short intervals) tahelal west vulimeteai

wax arul wet (adj) mer, memer, mermer; (tr) kasi, kulI way sIse whale leirumrum weak merau, memerau, meramerau; (of body) aven lit; (of cordial) mae what asa; (price) ehis, manesa

wealthy sal when nengeis

weapon ai takan, ai lIsa where kaye

wear (around waist) kaveni; (around whereabouts kekave neck) muani; (grass skirt) muser; (shirt/hat) musinuni; (belt) mutohoni; which as a, kaye (penis sheath) ratuk, vepar, visIsi; (loin cloth) saluvoi; whine muai (trousers/shoes/underwear) veasi; (on wrist) sili; (back to front/inside out) whip (tr) miilasi; (n) oulas, on buluk sin vilesi, ve vilesi whirlwind angriril weary aven lit whisper seWs lalau weather ean; (fine) anhos, antahos; (stonny) antIsa whistle (through lips) van; (through fingers) vI weave vai; (first row) ravisi; (edges) rIsi; (pattern along edges) vulungeni; white muoh (wall, with wild cane) pusi, pus kati; (rope) viii whitewood reha weaving pattern haso whitish muoh vIsi web tan whittle musahi wedding tetalihen who isei wedge men whole temau, mau

Wednesday avong etel whoop makul weed (tr) moli; (intr) molmol whorehouse eim tahanien week avong oulu wide maris, marmariso weep mIs widow vatina weigh sikelini; (down) me as kati; widower vatina (anchor) son teai wife ahin, atau, ason, tovuli, ason koa atau 255 wild redan, tiredan; (cane) avi, heiei; wonn asilat (cane, kind) uvol, violetau, viotoman; (nutmeg) irou, rerou; (yam) uhia; (yam, worn out meteite, musIte; (of clothes) kind) rahrah, vatin vares, tan vares, uhia metetai aev, uhia as, uhia latov wony (n) demk6en, devuen; (intr) willing ulin hoshos mudevu, mudem vo, mudem ko win loh II worthless heisav wind eang; (high) eang houlu; (from wound manu particular direction) aru, aruali, engav wrapvisIsi wind (up) vihIni, vihi kati; (around) keker wrestle (tr) kumi; (intr) kumkum window aho wrinkled (of skin) makutkut; (of leaf) maleles wing avouen wrist vatihen wink lengahas write (intr)mutis; (tr) mutisi; (down) wipe miili; (out) kur vasi; (off) sahula, mutis kati, mutis lati, makini; (backto saluha; (hands) sesahul; (food in front) mutis vilesi coconut milk) vihIni writing tisien wise longlong wrong kalkali, tIsa; (do) sak kalkali wish for peahi, vepeahi with eni, mini, rali, ral mini - y - withermaleles

yabber kavul ongon witness (intr) lehau

yam ouh, uh; (frame) kuluai; (mound) woman ahin, atau; (young unmanied) meteitan; (marker) meten; (largerof atouli planted pair) vulimau; (smaller of planted pair) vurkilIl, vulikil, vulikikil; womb atu (spade) eikahkah, soso; (stakes) metlala, ueil, ueiral; (stick) eikahkah; (kind) wood ai; (piece) maripu; (chips) abermatu, angolomus, angolu, auei, hanu sumeite Lovu, lIvilu, makor, maloh, miilong, mesau, teta!, namet, oailu, petar, pupuru, rokaviten, wood (grub) horat; (borer) sisi, sisi roul, saksak, sovoka, tan hos, tingili, anau tomah, romano, tomah hoev, tomah lIral, tomah otas, tomah ouh, tomah sok, tomah word eis, selusien, heiseliisien vatin, tovak, tumas, uanpaun, uhumahit work (intr) mum; (in garden) mual, yam run vina en vatihou; (unwillingly) mum vuti; (n) umen yawn mama worldout netan 256

year sua, ouh; (last) sua matu, uhumatu; young tupeite (new) uhau; (next) uhutau youth litetai yellow okohis, talokohis

yes ka - Z - yesterday nanganeh

yet yeah zigzag (in canoe) paut

yolk sok