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Research Training in the Biomedical, Behavioral and Clinical Sciences

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Research Training in the Biomedical, Behavioral and Clinical Sciences RESEARCH TRAINING IN THE BIOMEDICAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND CLINICAL RESEARCH SCIENCES Committee to Study the National Needs for Biomedical, Behavioral, and Clinical Research Personnel Board on Higher Education and Workforce Policy and Global Affairs THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This project was supported by Contract/Grant No. DHHS-5294, Task Order #187 between the National Acad- emy of Science and the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the Committee to Study the National Needs for Biomedical, Behavioral, and Clinical Research Personnel and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-15965-4 (Book) International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-15965-2 (Book) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-15966-1 (PDF) International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-15966-0 (PDF) Library of Congress Control Number: 2011921184 Additional copies of this report are available from The National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu. Suggested citation: National Research Council. 2011. Research Training in the Biomedical, Behavioral, and Clinical Research Sciences. Washington, DC:The National Academies Press. Copyright 2011 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its con- gressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advis- ing the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org COMMITTEE TO STUDY THE NATIONAL NEEDS FOR BIOMEDICAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND CLINICAL RESEARCH PERSONNEL Roger Chalkley (Chair), Senior Associate Dean of Biomedical Research Education & Training Affiliation, Vanderbilt School of Medicine William Greenough (Vice Chair), Swanlund Professor and Director, Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign David Korn (Vice Chair), Vice Provost for Research and Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School Charles Bertolami, Dean, College of Dentistry, New York University Thomas Daniel, President, Celgene Research Susan Fiske, Eugene Higgins Professor of Psychology, Princeton University Margaret Grey, Dean and Annie Goodrich Professor, Yale University School of Nursing James S. Jackson, Daniel Katz Distinguished University Professor of Psychology and Director, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan Joan M. Lakoski, Associate Vice Chancellor for Academic Career Development, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences Keith Micoli, Post Doctorate Program Manager, New York University Langone Medical Center Mark Pauly, Bendheim Professor, Health Care Systems Department, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania Larry Shapiro, Spencer T. and Ann W. Olin Distinguished Professor, Executive Vice Chancellor for Medical Affairs, and Dean of the School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis Edward Shortliffe, President and Chief Executive Officer, American Medical Informatics Association Donald Steinwachs, Professor and Director, Health Services Research and Development Center Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Valerie Wilson, Executive Director, Leadership Alliance. and Clinical Professor of Community Health, Brown University John Wooley, Associate Vice Chancellor for Research, Office of Chancellor and Academic Affairs, San Diego Supercomputing Center, University of California, San Diego Allan Yates, Professor Emeritus of Pathology, Former Associate Dean of Graduate Education, Ohio State University (Deceased August 2010) Consultants J. Chris White, President, ViaSim Corporation Rodolfo A. Bulatao, Research Consultant National Academies Staff Charlotte Kuh, Deputy Executive Director, Policy and Global Affairs Division Peter Henderson, Director, Board on Higher Education and Workforce (BHEW) James Voytuk, Study Director and Senior Program Officer, BHEW Mark Regets, Senior Program Officer, BHEW Michelle Crosby-Nagy, Research Associate, BHEW Sabrina Hall, Program Associate, BHEW BOARD ON HIGHER EDUCATION AND WORKFORCE William E. Kirwan (Chair), Chancellor, University System of Maryland F. King Alexander, President, California State University, Long Beach Susan K. Avery, President and Director, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Carlos Castillo-Chavez, Professor of Biomathematics and Director, Mathematical and Theoretical Biology Institute, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Arizona State University Jean-Lou Chameau, President, California Institute of Technology Rita Colwell, Distinguished University Professor, University of Maryland College Park and The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Peter Ewell, Vice President, National Center for Higher Education Management Systems Sylvia Hurtado, Professor and Director, Higher Education Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles William Kelley, Professor of Medicine, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Earl Lewis, Provost, Executive Vice President for Academic Affairs, and Professor of History, Emory University Paula Stephan, Professor of Economics, Andrew Young School for Policy Studies, Georgia State University Staff Peter Henderson, Director, Board on Higher Education and Workforce i Preface This analysis of the workforce needs in the biomedical, institutions in order to integrate research training with the social and behavioral, and clinical sciences began in May active conduct of research. 2008, when the storm clouds on the financial horizon were By comparison, the research workforces in the behav- developing. We had our second meeting in late September ioral and social sciences and the clinical sciences are much 2008 in the midst of the financial meltdown. This has made different. These research workforces are harder to quantify the business of making projections into the future a very since many of those holding doctorate degrees turn to private uncertain business indeed. The attempts to do just that were practice after receiving their research degrees or else to other nonetheless carried out by the workforce committee, which positions that do not rely on their research potential. With met to review what data were available (not as much as some qualification, the total number of U.S. doctorates in the one might wish) and to formulate recommendations to the behavioral and social sciences workforce is about 95,500, National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Congress as to with over 47,100 in academic positions, about 32,800 in what changes might
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